Sample records for final chapter briefly

  1. Future and outlook: Where are we, and where will the spatial information management in wildlife ecology be in 50 years from now? [Chapter 24

    Treesearch

    Samuel A. Cushman; Falk Huettmann

    2010-01-01

    In this final chapter we briefly look back over what we have attempted in this book, and then look toward the future to discuss the outlook for overcoming the challenges we face within our fields of ecological science and in the greater application of this knowledge to enhance the prospect for a sustainable future for the biosphere. Looking back, we have tried...

  2. NASA/WVU Software Research Laboratory, 1995

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sabolish, George J.; Callahan, John R.

    1995-01-01

    In our second year, the NASA/WVU Software Research Lab has made significant strides toward analysis and solution of major software problems related to V&V activities. We have established working relationships with many ongoing efforts within NASA and continue to provide valuable input into policy and decision-making processes. Through our publications, technical reports, lecture series, newsletters, and resources on the World-Wide-Web, we provide information to many NASA and external parties daily. This report is a summary and overview of some of our activities for the past year. This report is divided into 6 chapters: Introduction, People, Support Activities, Process, Metrics, and Testing. The Introduction chapter (this chapter) gives an overview of our project beginnings and targets. The People chapter focuses on new people who have joined the Lab this year. The Support chapter briefly lists activities like our WWW pages, Technical Report Series, Technical Lecture Series, and Research Quarterly newsletter. Finally, the remaining four chapters discuss the major research areas that we have made significant progress towards producing meaningful task reports. These chapters can be regarded as portions of drafts of our task reports.

  3. Petrologic insights into basaltic volcanism at historically active Hawaiian volcanoes: Chapter 6 in Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Helz, Rosalind L.; Clague, David A.; Sisson, Thomas W.; Thornber, Carl R.; Poland, Michael P.; Takahashi, T. Jane; Landowski, Claire M.

    2014-01-01

    Contributions to our knowledge of the nature of the mantle source(s) of Hawaiian basalts are reviewed briefly, although this is a topic where debate is ongoing. Finally, our accumulated petrologic observations impose constraints on the nature of the summit reservoirs at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, specifically whether the summit chamber has been continuous or segmented during past decades.

  4. Advances in the Theory of Complex Networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peruani, Fernando

    An exhaustive and comprehensive review on the theory of complex networks would imply nowadays a titanic task, and it would result in a lengthy work containing plenty of technical details of arguable relevance. Instead, this chapter addresses very briefly the ABC of complex network theory, visiting only the hallmarks of the theoretical founding, to finally focus on two of the most interesting and promising current research problems: the study of dynamical processes on transportation networks and the identification of communities in complex networks.

  5. Historical Perspectives on School Health.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Means, Richard K.

    This book describes the evolution of philosophy and practice in school health education in the United States. It is divided into 12 chapters. Chapter 1 briefly traces the evolutionary development of the field. Chapter 2 gives a chronological review of significant major movements. Chapter 3 focuses on the two curriculum problems of (a) what to…

  6. Vocational Education and Training in Norway.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Farstad, Halfdan

    This volume on Norway describes the country's initial and continuing vocational education and training (VET) system. Chapter 1 provides background information on political and administrative structures; population; and economy and labor force. Chapter 2 describes briefly the Norwegian education and training system. Chapter 3 describes the VET…

  7. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Friesen, H.N.

    This summary document presents results in a broad context; it is not limited to findings of the Nevada Applied Ecology Group. This book is organized to present the findings of the Nevada Applied Ecology Group and correlative programs in accordance with the originally stated objectives of the Nevada Applied Ecology Group. This plan, in essence, traces plutonium from its injection into the environment to movement in the ecosystem to development of cleanup techniques. Information on other radionuclides was also obtained and will be presented briefly. Chapter 1 presents a brief description of the ecological setting of the Test Range Complex.more » The results of investigations for plutonium distribution are presented in Chapter 2 for the area surrounding the Test Range Complex and in Chapter 3 for on-site locations. Chapters 4 and 5 present the results of investigations concerned with concentrations and movement, respectively, of plutonium in the ecosystem of the Test Range Complex, and Chapter 6 summarizes the potential hazard from this plutonium. Development of techniques for cleanup and treatment is presented in Chapter 7, and the inventory of radionuclides other than plutonium is presented briefly in Chapter 8.« less

  8. Jobs in Manufacturing. Job Family Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Science Research Associates, Inc., Chicago, IL.

    The instructional booklet explores various occupations in the occupational cluster of manufacturing. In the first chapter, the student is briefly introduced to the occupational cluster concept and to the general area of manufacturing. Chapter 2 describes jobs involved in the production of materials and processing of goods. Chapter 3 discusses…

  9. Third Party Collection Program; Case Study of Naval Hospital Oakland and Community Hospital of Monterey Peninsula

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-12-01

    the reader to the hospital TPC program, the concept , the La:., and tbe progran implementation responsibilities. it qives a brief explanation of the DoD...Community Hospital of Monterey Peninsula (CHOMP). This thesis briefly introduces the reader to the hospital TPC program, the concept , the Law, and the...current program. E. THESIS CHAPTER SUMMARY The first chapter briefly introduces the reader to the hospital TPC program, the concept , the law, and the

  10. Steps to the moon

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    ,; Dale, Alvin E.

    1976-01-01

    On July 20, 1969, man walked on the surface of the Moon and began a new chapter of his studies that will eventually disclose the geologic nature of the Earth's nearest neighbor. Although he has finally reached the Moon and sampled its substance, much work and study remain before he will know the full scientific significance of the first landing. This booklet briefly summarizes the steps man has taken to understand the Moon and what he thinks he has learned to date as a result of his centuries-long speculations and studies.

  11. OSHA standard for medical surveillance of hazardous waste workers.

    PubMed

    Melius, J M

    1990-01-01

    The increasing amount of work involving hazardous waste sites and the heavy involvement of the federal and state governments in this work have led to the gradual development of guidelines and standards providing for occupational safety and health programs for these sites. On March 6, 1989, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration published its final rule governing occupational safety and health matters at hazardous waste sites and emergency operations. This rule is currently scheduled to take effect on March 6, 1990. This chapter will briefly describe this regulation, particularly its medical surveillance requirements.

  12. Real-time functional magnetic imaging-brain-computer interface and virtual reality promising tools for the treatment of pedophilia.

    PubMed

    Renaud, Patrice; Joyal, Christian; Stoleru, Serge; Goyette, Mathieu; Weiskopf, Nikolaus; Birbaumer, Niels

    2011-01-01

    This chapter proposes a prospective view on using a real-time functional magnetic imaging (rt-fMRI) brain-computer interface (BCI) application as a new treatment for pedophilia. Neurofeedback mediated by interactive virtual stimuli is presented as the key process in this new BCI application. Results on the diagnostic discriminant power of virtual characters depicting sexual stimuli relevant to pedophilia are given. Finally, practical and ethical implications are briefly addressed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Technical Application of Nuclear Fission

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Denschlag, J. O.

    The chapter is devoted to the practical application of the fission process, mainly in nuclear reactors. After a historical discussion covering the natural reactors at Oklo and the first attempts to build artificial reactors, the fundamental principles of chain reactions are discussed. In this context chain reactions with fast and thermal neutrons are covered as well as the process of neutron moderation. Criticality concepts (fission factor η, criticality factor k) are discussed as well as reactor kinetics and the role of delayed neutrons. Examples of specific nuclear reactor types are presented briefly: research reactors (TRIGA and ILL High Flux Reactor), and some reactor types used to drive nuclear power stations (pressurized water reactor [PWR], boiling water reactor [BWR], Reaktor Bolshoi Moshchnosti Kanalny [RBMK], fast breeder reactor [FBR]). The new concept of the accelerator-driven systems (ADS) is presented. The principle of fission weapons is outlined. Finally, the nuclear fuel cycle is briefly covered from mining, chemical isolation of the fuel and preparation of the fuel elements to reprocessing the spent fuel and conditioning for deposit in a final repository.

  14. Application of Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Earth Sciences

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vandenberghe, Robert E.; De Grave, Eddy

    Iron being the fourth most abundant element in the earth crust, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy has become a suitable additional technique for the characterization of all kind of soil materials and minerals. However, for that purpose a good knowledge of the spectral behavior of the various minerals is indispensable. In this chapter a review of the most important soil materials and rock-forming minerals is presented. It starts with a description of the Mössbauer spectroscopic features of the iron oxides and hydroxides, which are essentially present in soils and sediments. Further, the Mössbauer spectra from sulfides, sulfates and carbonates are briefly considered. Finally, the Mössbauer features of the typical and most common silicate and phosphate minerals are reported. The chapter ends with some typical examples, illustrating the use and power of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the characterization of minerals.

  15. Improving government regulations: a guidebook for conservation and renewable energy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Neese, R. J.; Scheer, R. M.; Marasco, A. L.

    1981-04-01

    An integrated view of the Office of Conservation and Solar Energy (CS) policy making encompassing both administrative procedures and policy analysis is presented. Chapter One very briefly sketches each step in the development of a significant regulation, noting important requirements and participants. Chapter Two expands upon the Overview, providing the details of the process, the rationale and source of requirements, concurrence procedures, and advice on the timing and synchronization of steps. Chapter Three explains the types of analysis documents that may be required for a program. Regulatory Analyses, Environmental Impact Statements, Urban and Community Impact Analyses, and Regulatory Flexibility Analysesmore » are all discussed. Specific information to be included in the documents and the circumstances under which the documents need to be prepared are explained. Chapter Four is a step-by-step discussion of how to do good analysis. Use of models and data bases is discussed. Policy objectives, alternatives, and decision making are explained. In Chapter five guidance is provided on identifying the public that would most likely be interested in the regulation, involving its constituents in a dialogue with CS, evaluating and handling comments, and engineering the final response. Chapter Six provides direction on planning the evaluation, monitoring the regulation's success once it has been promulgated, and allowing for constructive support or criticism from outside DOE. (MCW)« less

  16. A new mechanism for selective adsorption of rubber on carbon black surface caused by nano-confinement in SBR/NBR solution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kawazoe, Masayuki

    A novel mechanism of selective adsorption of rubber molecules onto carbon black surface in a binary immiscible rubber blend solution has been proposed in this dissertation. The phenomenon leads to uneven distribution of carbon black to the specific polymer in the blend and the obtained electrically conductive composite showed drastic reduction of percolation threshold concentration (PTC). The mechanism and the feature of conductive network formation have much potential concerning both fundamental understanding and industrial application to improve conductive polymer composites. In chapter I, carbon black filled conductive polymer composites are briefly reviewed. Then, in chapter II, a mechanism of rubber molecular confinement into carbon black aggregate structure is introduced to explain the selective adsorption of a specific rubber onto carbon black surface in an immiscible rubber solution blend (styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with toluene or chloroform). Next, in chapters III and IV, polymers with various radius of gyration (Rg) and carbon blacks with various aggregate structure are examined to verify the selective adsorption mechanism. Finally, in chapter V, the novel mechanism was applied to create unique meso-/micro-unit conductive network in carbon black dispersed SBR/NBR composites.

  17. The Vaccination Model in Psychoneuroimmunology Research: A Review.

    PubMed

    Whittaker, Anna C

    2018-01-01

    This chapter explores the reasoning behind using the vaccination model to examine the influence of psychosocial factors on immunity. It then briefly discusses the mechanics of the vaccination response and the protocols used in psychoneuroimmunology vaccine research, before giving examples from the research literature of the studies examining relationships such as the association between stress and vaccination response. It also explores the ways the vaccination model can be used to answer key questions in psychoneuroimmunology, such as the following: "Does it matter when stressful life events occur relative to when the vaccine is received?" "What are the effects of prior exposure to the antigen?" "Do other psychosocial factors influence vaccine response besides stress?" Finally, it briefly considers the mechanisms underlying psychosocial factors and vaccination response associations and the future research needed to understand these better, and indeed to use current and future knowledge to improve and enhance vaccine responses in key at-risk populations.

  18. Clinical aspects of the fragile X syndrome.

    PubMed

    Brown, W Ted

    2012-01-01

    Fragile X syndrome patients express a wide array of cognitive and other gender-specific phenotypic features. These manifestations result not only from molecular mechanisms that are altered as a result of the expansion of a CGG-repeat region in the FMR1 promoter, but also genetic factors such as founder effects and mosaicism. In this chapter, I will summarize the many and varied features of fragile X syndrome as they present themselves in a clinical setting and describe the procedures that are used to diagnose patients. Finally, I will briefly touch on recent developments that will affect patient screening in the future.

  19. Acoustics in Halls for Speech and Music

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gade, Anders C.

    This chapter deals specifically with concepts, tools, and architectural variables of importance when designing auditoria for speech and music. The focus will be on cultivating the useful components of the sound in the room rather than on avoiding noise from outside or from installations, which is dealt with in Chap. 11. The chapter starts by presenting the subjective aspects of the room acoustic experience according to consensus at the time of writing. Then follows a description of their objective counterparts, the objective room acoustic parameters, among which the classical reverberation time measure is only one of many, but still of fundamental value. After explanations on how these parameters can be measured and predicted during the design phase, the remainder of the chapter deals with how the acoustic properties can be controlled by the architectural design of auditoria. This is done by presenting the influence of individual design elements as well as brief descriptions of halls designed for specific purposes, such as drama, opera, and symphonic concerts. Finally, some important aspects of loudspeaker installations in auditoria are briefly touched upon.

  20. Equality of Opportunity and Vocational Training Five Years on...Vocational Training Measures for Women in the European Community. Synthesis Report and Recommendations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oels, Monika; Seeland, Suzanne

    This document includes four chapters, a bibliography, notes, and two appendices. Chapter 1 briefly indicates the purpose of the report, to look retrospectively at innovative vocational training programs initiated for women in the European Community (EC). Chapter 2 describes general developments since 1978, including the legal background, the…

  1. Advances in insect physiology. Progress in mosquito research

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    This book review briefly summarizes the most interesting topics/chapters from the book: "Advances in Insect Physiology: Progress in mosquito Research". The book is an excellent overview of the recent advances in mosquito biology. This volume encompasses 13 chapters from 32 contributing authors who ...

  2. Student Mobility through Linked Programmes: A Malaysian Case-Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ghani, Zainal

    This report on student mobility in linked programs of higher education details the Malaysian experience involving such programs, their development, quality maintenance, and benefits. Chapter 1 briefly describes the educational system and development of universities in Malaysia. Chapter 2 explores the different factors that have influenced…

  3. Geography in Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Graves, Norman J.

    The book reviews the historical development of geography as discipline and discusses the current status of geography teaching in British schools. Chapter one briefly identifies the rationale for including geography in the educational curriculum. Chapter two traces the role of geography in academic study from ancient Greece to the present. Growth…

  4. Human Resources Administration: A School-Based Perspective. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Richard E.

    Many human-resource functions previously belonging to the central office are now the responsibility of school principals. Twelve chapters provide practical information about performing these functions. The first chapter provides an overview for the book. It briefly discusses the major topics and provides an overall framework for the more detailed…

  5. NUTRIENTS AND EPIGENETICS IN BOVINE CELLS

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    This is a chapter for a book titled “Livestock Epigenetics” edited by Dr. Hasan Khatib and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This chapter is focused on the research development in our laboratory in the area of interaction of nutrients and genomic phonotype in bovine cells. Briefly, the Research on nutri...

  6. Depression: What We Know.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lobel, Brana; Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.

    This booklet is concerned with the area of clinical depression. Questions about clinical depression are briefly answered in an overview section and are examined in greater detail in the five chapters that follow. In chapter 1, depression is defined and various types of depression are identified. The origins of depression are explored in the second…

  7. Developing a Promotional Plan for Adult Vocational Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shubird, Ernest

    This manual provides guidelines for promoting adult vocational programs in order to obtain increased funding, expand program offerings, attract more students, and develop and conduct customized training. The publication is organized in seven chapters. Chapter 1 discusses briefly the history of adult vocational training, reviews its purposes,…

  8. Plasma Modes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dubin, D. H. E.

    This chapter explores several aspects of the linear electrostatic normal modes of oscillation for a single-species non-neutral plasma in a Penning trap. Linearized fluid equations of motion are developed, assuming the plasma is cold but collisionless, which allow derivation of the cold plasma dielectric tensor and the electrostatic wave equation. Upper hybrid and magnetized plasma waves in an infinite uniform plasma are described. The effect of the plasma surface in a bounded plasma system is considered, and the properties of surface plasma waves are characterized. The normal modes of a cylindrical plasma column are discussed, and finally, modes of spheroidal plasmas, and finite temperature effects on the modes, are briefly described.

  9. High-level nuclear waste transport and storage assessment of potential impacts on tourism in the Las Vegas area. Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    The literature review and empirical analyses presented in this report were undertaken, for the most part, between August and October 1983. They are not comprehensive. No primary data were gathered, nor were any formal surveys conducted. Additionally, because construction of a repository at Yucca Mountain, if that site is selected for a repository, is not scheduled to begin until 1993, engineering design and planned physical appearance of the repository are very preliminary. Therefore, specific design features or visual appearance were not addressed in the analyses. Finally, because actual transportation routes have not been designated, impacts on tourism generated specifically bymore » transportation activities are not considered separately. Chapter 2 briefly discusses possible means by which a repository could impact tourism in the Las Vegas area. Chapter 3 presents a review of previous research on alternative methods for predicting the response of people to potential hazards. A review of several published studies where these methods have been applied to facilities and activities associated with radioactive materials is included in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 contains five case studies of tourism impacts associated with past events that were perceived by the public to represent safety hazards. These perceptions of safety hazards were evidenced by news media coverage. These case studies were conducted specifically for this report. Conclusions of this preliminary analysis regarding the potential impact on tourism in the Las Vegas area of a repository at Yucca Mountain are in Chapter 5. Recommendations for further research are contained in Chapter 6.« less

  10. Manual of Structural Kinesiology. Eighth Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thompson, Clem W.

    This manual is intended for use in college-level courses in structural kinesiology; mechanical kinesiology is introduced only briefly. The first chapter introduces the bases for structural kinesiology. Subsequent chapters are organized according to the areas of the body to be studied (e.g., the shoulder girdle, the shoulder joint, the elbow joint,…

  11. Custody, Care, and Nurture: Trends in Early-Childhood Education in Wollongong.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    De Lacey, P. R.; Barlow, A.

    This study reports the quick growth and the rapidly changing nature and function of the preschool centers in the City of Greater Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. Chapter I summarizes 2 previous studies related to the social distribution of preschool services. Chapter II briefly reports survey data on topics ranging from preschool…

  12. Aerospace Environment. Aerospace Education I.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Savler, D. S.; Smith, J. C.

    This book is one in the series on Aerospace Education I. It briefly reviews current knowledge of the universe, the earth and its life-supporting atmosphere, and the arrangement of celestial bodies in outer space and their physical characteristics. Chapter 1 includes a brief survey of the aerospace environment. Chapters 2 and 3 examine the…

  13. The New Nurse in Industry. A Guide for the Newly Employed Occupational Health Nurse.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lee, Jane A.

    These guidelines for professional nurses and employers in industrial settings present basic and fundamental nursing principles, duties, and responsibilities in the practice of occupational health. The content is presented in four chapters. The first briefly introduces occupational health. Chapter 2 on occupational health nursing service covers…

  14. Open and Distance Learning in the Developing World. Routledge Studies in Distance Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Perraton, Hilary

    This book contains 10 chapters that analyze and synthesize the progress of open and distance education (ODE) in the developing world. Most chapters include case studies of programs in a variety of countries. "Introduction: Golden Goose or Ugly Duckling" briefly delineates the history of the field. "Nonformal Education: The Light…

  15. Introduction to Computers in Education for Elementary and Middle School Teachers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moursund, David

    Designed to help elementary and middle school teachers increase their level of computer-education literacy, this book discusses the capabilities, limitations, applications, and possible impact of computers in education. Chapter 1 briefly defines what a computer is and explains the book's goals and applications. Chapter 2 provides a technical…

  16. Guidelines for Aviation Education in Schools of Pennsylvania with Annotated Teacher's Course of Study and Planning Chart.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Butler, Richard T.; Smith, William J.

    The guidelines for an aviation education program give directions and provide coordination and correlation for the program in Pennsylvania's schools. Chapter 1 discusses the approach to aviation education--the problem, procedure, and definition of terms. Chapter 2 briefly outlines teacher responsibilities and student advantages. Focusing on…

  17. Contract Management or Self-Operation: A Decision-Making Guide for Higher Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Goldstein, Philip J.; And Others

    This guide offers an objective framework for deciding whether self-operation or contract management (also known as privatization or "outsourcing") will best serve the goals and objectives of an individual institution of higher education. The guide is organized into four chapters. Chapter 1 briefly outlines the evolution of contract…

  18. Optimization of Helium Vessel Design for ILC Cavities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fratangelo, Enrico

    2009-01-01

    The ILC (International Linear Collider) is a proposed new major particle accelerator. It consists of two 20 km long linear accelerators colliding electrons and positrons at an energy exceeding 500 GeV, Achieving this collision energy while keeping reasonable accelerator dimensions requires the use of high electric field superconducting cavities as the main acceleration element. These cavities are operated at l.3 GHz inside an appropriate container (He vessel) at temperatures as low as 1.4 K using superfluid Helium as the refrigerating medium. The purpose of this thesis, in the context of the ILC R&D activities currently in progress at Fermilab (Fermimore » National Accelerator Laboratory), is the mechanical study of an ILC superconducting cavity and Helium vessel prototype. The main goals of these studies are the determination of the limiting working conditions of the whole He vessel assembly, the simulation of the manufacturing process of the cavity end-caps and the assessment of the Helium vessel's efficiency. In addition this thesis studies the requirements to certify the compliance with the ASME Code of the whole cavity/vessel assembly. Several Finite Elements Analyses were performed by the candidate himself in order to perform the studies listed above and described in detail in Chapters 4 through 8. ln particular the candidate has developed an improved procedure to obtain more accurate results with lower computational times. These procedures will be accurately described in the following chapters. After an introduction that briefly describes the Fennilab and in particular the Technical Division (where all the activities concerning with this thesis were developed), the first part of this thesis (Chapters 2 and 3) explains some of the main aspects of modem particle accelerators. Moreover it describes the most important particle accelerators working at the moment and the basic features of the ILC project. Chapter 4 describes all the activities that were done to certify the compliance of the Helium vessel and the cavity to the ASME code standard. After briefly recalling to the main contents of the the ASME Code (Sections II and Vlll - Division ll), the procedure used for finding all relevant stresses and comparing the obtained results with the maximum values allowed are explained. This part also includes the buckling verification of the cavity. In Chapter 5 the manufacturing process of the cavity end-caps, whose function is to link the Helium vessel with the cavity, is studied. The present configuration of the dies is described and the manufacturing process is simulated in order to explain the origin of some defects fol.llld on real parts. Finally a new design of the dies is proposed and the resulting deformed piece is compared with the design requirements. Chapter 6 describes a finite elements analysis to assess the efficiency and the stiffness of the Helium vessel. Furthermore the results of the optimization of the Helium vessel (in order to increase the value of the efficiency) are reported. The same stiffness analysis is used in Chapter 7 for the Blade-Tuner study. After a description of this tuner and of its function, the preliminary analyses done to confirm the results provided by the vendor are described and then its limiting load conditions are found. Chapter 8 shows a study of the resistance of all the welds present in between the cavity and the end-cap and between the end-caps and the He vessel for a smaller superconducting cavity operating at 3.9 GHz. Finally Chapter 9 briefly describes some R&D activities in progress at INFN (Section of Pisa) and Fermilab that could produce significant cost reductions of the Helium vessel design. All the finite elements analyses contained and described in this thesis made possible the certification of the whole superconducting cavity-Helium vessel assembly at Fermilab. Furthermore they gave several useful indications to the Fermilab staff to improve the performance of the Helium vessel by modifying some design parameters or refining the manufacturing processes.« less

  19. Measurement of Differential Cross-Sections in the t$$\\bar{t}$$ → ℓ+jets Channel at √s= 1.96 TeV with the D0 Experiment at Fermilab

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kvita, J

    2009-04-01

    The analysis presented in this thesis focuses on kinematic distributions in the tmore » $$\\bar{t}$$ system and studies in detail selected differential cross sections of top quarks as well as the reconstructed t$$\\bar{t}$$ pair, namely the top quark transverse momentum and the t$$\\bar{t}$$ system mass. The structure of the thesis is organized as follows: first the Standard Model of the particle physics is briefly introduced in Chapter 1, with relevant aspects of electroweak and strong interactions discussed. The physics of the top quark and its properties are then outlined in Chapter 2, together with the motivation for measuring the transverse top quark momentum and other kinematic-related variables of the t$$\\bar{t}$$ system. The concepts of present-day high energy physics collider experiments and the explicit example of Fermilab Tevatron collider and the D0 detector in Chapters 3 and 4 are followed by the description of basic detector-level objects, i.e. tracks, leptons and jets, in Chapter 5; their identification and calibration following in next chapter with the emphasis on the jet energy scale in Chapter 6 and jet identification at the D0. The analysis itself is outlined in Chapter 7 and is structured so that first the data and simulation samples and the basic preselection are described in Chapter 8 and 9, followed by the kinematic reconstruction part in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 on background normalization and Chapter 12 with raw reconstructed spectra results (at the detector-smeared level) are followed by the purity-based background subtraction method and examples of signal-level corrected spectra in Chapter 13. Next, the procedure of correcting measured spectra for detector effects (unfolding) is described in Chapters 14-15, including migration matrix studies, acceptance correction determination as well as the regularized unfolding procedure itself. Final differential cross sections are presented in Chapter 16 with the main results in Figures 16.19-16.20. Summary and discussion close the main analysis part in Chapter 17, supplemented by appendices on the wealthy of analysis control plots of the t$$\\bar{t}$$ → ℓ + jets channel, selected D0 event displays and finally the list of publications and references. Preliminary results of this analysis have been documented in D0 internal notes [UnfoldTop], [p17Top], [p14Top]; as well as presented at conferences [APS08], [APS05]. The author has also been a co-author of more than 135 D0 collaboration publications since 2005. The author has taken part in the jet energy scale calibration efforts performing final closure tests and deriving a correction to jet energy offset due to the suppression of the calorimeter signal. The author has also co-performed the Φ-intercalibration of the hadronic calorimeter and co-supervised the electromagnetic Φ-intercalibration; recently has also been involved in maintaining the jet identification efficiencies measurement as a JetID convener. During the years in Fermilab, many events have taken place in the course of the analysis in persuasion, including more than 170 shifts served for the D0 detector with or without the beam, 168 talks presented with mixed results and reactions; and tens of thousands of code lines in C (and sometimes perhaps even really C++) written while terabytes of data were processed, analyzed, and sometimes also lost. It has been a long but profoundly enriching chapter of my life.« less

  20. Louis D. Brandeis High School. New York State Chapter 720 Bilingual Program. O.E.E. Evaluation Report, 1981-1982.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cochran, Effie Papatzikou; And Others

    The Chapter 720 bilingual program located at Louis D. Brandeis High School in New York City, seeks to provide specialized Spanish and English instruction in mathematics and language development for 250 Spanish speaking students. This report briefly describes the program's goals and objectives, its organization, and instructional and…

  1. [[The global significance of the Cairo conference: the new program of action of the International Conference on Population and Development

    PubMed

    Atoh, M

    1994-10-01

    "The [1994] International Conference on Population and Development was held in Cairo, Egypt.... In this essay I briefly described global population trends and [their] economic and ecological implications, stated the temporal progress from arguments in the three Preparatory Committees toward the achievement of consensus at the end of the Cairo Conference, summarized and commented [on] each chapter of the Programme of Action, clarified the major characteristics of the Cairo document compared to the documents in Bucharest and Mexico City, and finally discussed the effectiveness of the strategy suggested in the Cairo document for addressing population and development issues in the context of sustainability." (SUMMARY IN ENG) excerpt

  2. Next logical steps in forest pathology activities for Guam, Saipan, Yap, Palau, Pohnpei, and Kosrae [Chapter X

    Treesearch

    Phil G. Cannon; Francis Ruegorong; Puis Liegel; Victor Guerrero; Robert L. Schlub; Leonard Sigrah; Maxon Nithan; Blair Charley; Sara M. Ashiglar; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim; Bob Gavenda; Katie Friday; Erick Waguk; Yuko Ota; Norio Sahashi; Gibson Santos; Rodasio Samuel

    2014-01-01

    As a result of the forest pathology trip that occurred during September of 2013, advances were made on several important fronts, and future activities were also identified as critical for addressing threats to forest health in Micronesia. The purpose of this chapter is to list and briefly describe each of these activities.

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kondo, Shinichiro

    The format of this dissertation is as follows. In the remainder of Chapter 1, brief introductions and reviews are given to the topics of frustration, heavy fermions and spinels including the precedent work of LiV 2O 4. In Chapter 2, as a general overview of this work the important publication in Physical Review Letters by the author of this dissertation and collaborators regarding the discovery of the heavy fermion behavior in LiV 2O 4 is introduced [removed for separate processing]. The preparation methods employed by the author for nine LiV 2O 4 and two Li 1+xTi 2-xO 4 (x =more » 0 and 1/3) polycrystalline samples are introduced in Chapter 3. The subsequent structural characterization of the LiV 2O 4 and Li 1+xT 2-xO 4 samples was done by the author using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction measurements and their structural refinements by the Rietveld analysis. The results of the characterization are detailed in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4 magnetization measurements carried out by the author are detailed. In Chapter 5, after briefly discussing the resistivity measurement results including the single-crystal work by Rogers et al., for the purpose of clear characterization of LiV 2O 4 it is of great importance to introduce in the following chapters the experiments and subsequent data analyses done by his collaborators. Heat capacity measurements (Chapter 6) were carried out and analyzed by Dr. C.A. Swenson, and modeled theoretically by Dr. D.C. Johnston. In Chapter 7 a thermal expansion study using neutron diffraction by Dr. O. Chmaissem et al. and capacitance dilatometry measurements by Dr. C.A. Swenson are introduced. The data analyses for the thermal expansion study were mainly done by Dr. O. Chmaissem (for neutron diffraction) and Dr. C.A. Swendon (for dilatometry), with assistances by Dr. J.D. Jorgensen, Dr. D.C. Johnston, and S. Kondo the author of this dissertation. Chapter 8 describes nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and analyses by Dr. A.V. Mahajan, R. Sala, E. Lee and Dr. F. Borsa. In the final chapter, a summary and discussion are given.« less

  4. Cataclysmic variables and related objects

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hack, Margherita; Ladous, Constanze; Jordan, Stuart D. (Editor); Thomas, Richard N. (Editor); Goldberg, Leo; Pecker, Jean-Claude

    1993-01-01

    This volume begins with an introductory chapter on general properties of cataclysmic variables. Chapters 2 through 5 of Part 1 are devoted to observations and interpretation of dwarf novae and nova-like stars. Chapters 6 through 10, Part 2, discuss the general observational properties of classical and recurrent novae, the theoretical models, and the characteristics and models for some well observed classical novae and recurrent novae. Chapters 11 through 14 of Part 3 are devoted to an overview of the observations of symbiotic stars, to a description of the various models proposed for explaining the symbiotic phenomenon, and to a discussion of a few selected objects, respectively. Chapter 15 briefly examines the many unsolved problems posed by the observations of the different classes of cataclysmic variables and symbiotic stars.

  5. Structure and engineering of celluloses.

    PubMed

    Pérez, Serge; Samain, Daniel

    2010-01-01

    This chapter collates the developments and conclusions of many of the extensive studies that have been conducted on cellulose, with particular emphasis on the structural and morphological features while not ignoring the most recent results derived from the elucidation of unique biosynthetic pathways. The presentation of structural and morphological data gathered together in this chapter follows the historical development of our knowledge of the different structural levels of cellulose and its various organizational levels. These levels concern features such as chain conformation, chain polarity, chain association, crystal polarity, and microfibril structure and organization. This chapter provides some historical landmarks related to the evolution of concepts in the field of biopolymer science, which parallel the developments of novel methods for characterization of complex macromolecular structures. The elucidation of the different structural levels of organization opens the way to relating structure to function and properties. The chemical and biochemical methods that have been developed to dissolve and further modify cellulose chains are briefly covered. Particular emphasis is given to the facets of topochemistry and topoenzymology where the morphological features play a key role in determining unique physicochemical properties. A final chapter addresses what might be considered tomorrow's goal in amplifying the economic importance of cellulose in the context of sustainable development. Selected examples illustrate the types of result that can be obtained when cellulose fibers are no longer viewed as inert substrates, and when the polyhydroxyl nature of their surfaces, as well as their entire structural complexity, are taken into account. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity review for the palliative care clinician.

    PubMed

    Hansen, Eric D; Wang, Xiao; Case, Amy A; Puzanov, Igor; Smith, Tom

    2018-05-21

    Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have opened an exciting chapter in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. For the palliative care clinician, however, ICI present several new challenges, including new ways to define treatment success, as well as treatment-related toxicities which differ in nature and timing from traditional chemotherapy. In this article, we review the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as selected published data supporting the efficacy of ICI in patients with advanced cancer. In addition, we summarize existing data of ICI toxicity prevalence, patterns of severity and timing of onset. Finally, we briefly review key principles from published guidelines on the management of ICI toxicities. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  7. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhou, Z.; Liu, C.; Botterud, A.

    Renewable energy resources have been rapidly integrated into power systems in many parts of the world, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable supply of electricity. Wind and solar resources also introduce new challenges for system operations and planning in terms of economics and reliability because of their variability and uncertainty. Operational strategies based on stochastic optimization have been developed recently to address these challenges. In general terms, these stochastic strategies either embed uncertainties into the scheduling formulations (e.g., the unit commitment [UC] problem) in probabilistic forms or develop more appropriate operating reserve strategies to take advantage of advanced forecastingmore » techniques. Other approaches to address uncertainty are also proposed, where operational feasibility is ensured within an uncertainty set of forecasting intervals. In this report, a comprehensive review is conducted to present the state of the art through Spring 2015 in the area of stochastic methods applied to power system operations with high penetration of renewable energy. Chapters 1 and 2 give a brief introduction and overview of power system and electricity market operations, as well as the impact of renewable energy and how this impact is typically considered in modeling tools. Chapter 3 reviews relevant literature on operating reserves and specifically probabilistic methods to estimate the need for system reserve requirements. Chapter 4 looks at stochastic programming formulations of the UC and economic dispatch (ED) problems, highlighting benefits reported in the literature as well as recent industry developments. Chapter 5 briefly introduces alternative formulations of UC under uncertainty, such as robust, chance-constrained, and interval programming. Finally, in Chapter 6, we conclude with the main observations from our review and important directions for future work.« less

  8. Gene Regulation Networks for Modeling Drosophila Development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mjolsness, E.

    1999-01-01

    This chapter will very briefly introduce and review some computational experiments in using trainable gene regulation network models to simulate and understand selected episodes in the development of the fruit fly, Drosophila Melanogaster.

  9. Army Aviation Equipment Useful Life Cost Benefit Analysis

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-12-01

    System UFI User-friendly Interface UH Utility Helicopter ULLS–A Unit-Level Logistics System–Aviation USCG U.S. Coast Guard WW2 World...this chapter, we briefly discuss the modernization of the Army aviation fleet since World War 2 ( WW2 ). Furthermore, the chapter provides insight...U.S. Army’s aviation program is its use of helicopters since WW2 . Following that war, the Army Air Corps divested the majority of 2 its fixed-wing

  10. 300 Area waste acid treatment system closure plan. Revision 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1996-03-01

    This section provides a description of the Hanford Site, identifies the proposed method of 300 Area Waste Acid Treatment System (WATS) closure, and briefly summarizes the contents of each chapter of this plan.

  11. General Climatology 3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hartmann, Dennis L.

    General Climatology 3 is volume 3 of the series World Survey of Climatology, which consists of 15 volumes containing review articles on a broad range of topics. General Climatology 3 contains four chapters: ‘Human Bioclimatology,’ ‘Agricultural Climatology,’ ‘City Climate,’ and ‘Technical Climatology.’ Each of these chapters will be briefly described here.‘Human Bioclimatology,’ the first chapter, was authored by E. Flach and provides a survey of the effects on the human organism of the physical conditions at the earth's surface. It contains four main sections. A section entitled ‘Light and Life’ deals with the effects of solar radiation on man and contains much interesting information on the response of the human eye and human skin to radiation at various frequencies. ‘Air and Life’ discusses the composition of air and its effect on human health and performance, including discussions of the effects of altitude, aerosols, and noxious trace gases. ‘Temperature and Life’ discusses how the body responds to temperature and how it maintains its heat budget under the variety of conditions to which it falls subject and considerable discussion is given to objective ways to characterize air conditions that give an accurate measure of their impact on the body. This discussion leads naturally into the final section, ‘Bioclimatological Evaluation Systems,’ which addresses the problem of how to classify a particular site according to its overall suitability to human habitation.

  12. Predicting the Accuracy of Unguided Artillery Projectiles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-09-01

    metrics using error models . E . OUTLINE OF THESIS Chapter I provides an introduction to artillery and briefly describes the types of artillery fire...METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................6 E . OUTLINE OF THESIS ...30 B . MODIFIED POINT MASS TRAJECTORY MODEL (MPMTM

  13. US and Russian Cooperation in Space Biology and Medicine

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sawin, C.F.; Hanson, S.I.; House, N.G.; Pestov, I.D.

    2009-01-01

    This slide presentation concerns the 5th volume of a joint publication that describes the cooperation between the United States and Russia in research into space biology and medicine. Each of the chapters is briefly summarized.

  14. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1928-1930. Bulletin, 1931, No. 20. Volume I. Chapter IX: Music Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McConathy, Osbourne

    1931-01-01

    The present chapter offers a general survey of music education in the United States during the past decade and aims to give a bird's-eye view of the whole range of music education in this country during the past decade by discussing briefly a number of the more important fields of this work and some of the more prominent agencies engaged in them.…

  15. Models of Community Colleges in Mainland China

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zhang, Yi

    2017-01-01

    This chapter provides an overview of community colleges in mainland China, addressing briefly the recent history of community college development, defining these institutions, detailing various models with examples, and discussing challenges faced by these institutions and recommendations for future development.

  16. Weaning Foods.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chauliac, Michel; And Others

    1987-01-01

    Described in this issue of "Children in the Tropics" are handicraft, semi-industrial, and industrial projects which produce weaning foods in developing countries. The introductory section briefly discusses the global epidemiology of malnutrition and offers guidelines for combatting malnutrition. Chapter I provides a framework for…

  17. Cleft lip surgery in Anglo-Saxon Britain: the Leech Book (circa A.D. 920).

    PubMed

    Vrebos, J

    1986-05-01

    The Leech Book, the oldest known Anglo-Saxon herbarium, probably written in Winchester, circa A.D. 920, by Cyril Bald or at his special request, contains a short chapter on the surgical treatment of the cleft lip; this chapter apparently represents the first record in a medical manuscript of this treatment. The original Anglo-Saxon text is presented together with transcriptions into more modern English. The general value of the Leech Book is briefly studied.

  18. The Military Survivor Benefit Plan: How Much Does It Benefit the Retiree?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-12-01

    advantages . Chapter V offers conclusions and recommendations. 4 I II. What is the Survivor Benefit Plan This chapter briefly traces military survivor...basis, founded upon the relation of parties to each other, either pecuniary or of blood or affinity, to expect some benefit or advantage from the...AFIT/GOR/SM/79D-9 THE MILITARY SURVIVOR BENEFIT PLAN: HOW MUCH DOES IT BENEFIT THE RETIREE THESIS AFIT/GOR/SM /79D-9 Thomas L. Wade Captain USAF ,zkC

  19. The Impact of Inter-Governmental Grants and Municipal Overburden on School Spending and Simulations of the Impact of Alternative Grant Formulas. [and] Policy Proposals Resulting from Research on "The Impact of Intergovernmental Grants and Municipal Overburden on School Finance Equity."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Conte, Michael; And Others

    In five chapters, this document's first part reports on research on the interrelationship of school and municipal finance in New Hampshire. The document's second part briefly summarizes the research report and discusses policy changes suggested by the results. Chapter 1 of the research report describes New Hampshire schools and the state aid…

  20. Property.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Piele, Philip K.

    Several court cases involving acquisition, use, and disposal of property by institutions of higher education are briefly summarized in this chapter. Cases discussed touch on such topics as municipal annexation of university property; repurchase of properties temporarily allocated to faculty members; implications of zoning laws and zoning board…

  1. Nuclear and Radiochemistry: the First 100 Years

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Friedlander, G.; Herrmann, G.

    This chapter gives a brief overview of the development of nuclear and radiochemistry from Mme. Curie's chemical isolation of radium toward the end of the twentieth century. The first four sections deal with fairly distinct time periods: (1) the pioneering years when the only radioactive materials available were the naturally occurring ones; (2) the decade of rapid growth and expansion of both the fundamental science and its applications following the discoveries of the neutron and artificial radioactivity; (3) the World War II period characterized by the intense exploration of nuclear fission and its ramifications; (4) what can be called the “golden era” - the 3 to 4 decades following World War II when nuclear science was generously supported and therefore flourished. In the final section, research trends pursued near the end of the century are briefly touched upon.

  2. Blackberry fruit quality components, composition, and potential health benefits

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Blackberries have long been a popular small fruit. Their chemical composition data was assembled for this invited book chapter. Briefly, primary and secondary metabolites important to blackberry fruit quality were summarized. Metabolites are involved in many critical aspects of fruit quality includi...

  3. Elementary School Finance Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Catholic Educational Association, Washington, DC.

    Developed to assist those responsible for financial matters in Catholic elementary schools, this manual presents each topic briefly and simply, taking into account administrators' minimal formal financial training. It is divided into six sections. Chapter 1, "Daily Financial Operations," describes the specifics of handling receipts, billings, and…

  4. Critical Quantitative Inquiry in Context

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stage, Frances K.; Wells, Ryan S.

    2014-01-01

    This chapter briefly traces the development of the concept of critical quantitative inquiry, provides an expanded conceptualization of the tasks of critical quantitative research, offers theoretical explanation and justification for critical research using quantitative methods, and previews the work of quantitative criticalists presented in this…

  5. Investigation of advanced phase-shifting projected fringe profilometry techniques

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Hongyu

    1999-11-01

    The phase-shifting projected fringe profilometry (PSPFP) technique is a powerful tool in the profile measurements of rough engineering surfaces. Compared with other competing techniques, this technique is notable for its full-field measurement capacity, system simplicity, high measurement speed, and low environmental vulnerability. The main purpose of this dissertation is to tackle three important problems, which severely limit the capability and the accuracy of the PSPFP technique, with some new approaches. Chapter 1 provides some background information of the PSPFP technique including the measurement principles, basic features, and related techniques is briefly introduced. The objectives and organization of the thesis are also outlined. Chapter 2 gives a theoretical treatment to the absolute PSPFP measurement. The mathematical formulations and basic requirements of the absolute PSPFP measurement and its supporting techniques are discussed in detail. Chapter 3 introduces the experimental verification of the proposed absolute PSPFP technique. Some design details of a prototype system are discussed as supplements to the previous theoretical analysis. Various fundamental experiments performed for concept verification and accuracy evaluation are introduced together with some brief comments. Chapter 4 presents the theoretical study of speckle- induced phase measurement errors. In this analysis, the expression for speckle-induced phase errors is first derived based on the multiplicative noise model of image- plane speckles. The statistics and the system dependence of speckle-induced phase errors are then thoroughly studied through numerical simulations and analytical derivations. Based on the analysis, some suggestions on the system design are given to improve measurement accuracy. Chapter 5 discusses a new technique combating surface reflectivity variations. The formula used for error compensation is first derived based on a simplified model of the detection process. The techniques coping with two major effects of surface reflectivity variations are then introduced. Some fundamental problems in the proposed technique are studied through simulations. Chapter 6 briefly summarizes the major contributions of the current work and provides some suggestions for the future research.

  6. Communication and Rural Development.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bordenave, Juan E. Diaz

    This volume posits the existence of a gap between theory and practice in rural-development efforts involving communication media and provides suggestions for integrating the efforts of theoreticians and practitioners. Chapter one briefly reviews the development of theoretical concepts about the nature of communication and the use of communication…

  7. Radiological Defense Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DOD), Washington, DC.

    Originally prepared for use as a student textbook in Radiological Defense (RADEF) courses, this manual provides the basic technical information necessary for an understanding of RADEF. It also briefly discusses the need for RADEF planning and expected postattack emergency operations. There are 14 chapters covering these major topics: introduction…

  8. Chapter 19: Marbled Murrelet Habitat Associations in Oregon

    Treesearch

    Jeffrey J. Grenier; S. Kim Nelson

    1995-01-01

    We described habitat associations of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) nesting (n = 10) and occupied (n = 184) sites in Oregon. We compared habitat characteristics of 177 occupied sites to a random sample of 9,625 sites (n = 531) of unknown murrelet status. In addition, we briefly...

  9. Prebiotics and Probiotics and Oral Health

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meurman, J. H.

    The first part of this chapter describes the unique characteristics of the mouth with special emphasis on the oral microbiota. Next, the highly prevalent dental diseases are briefly described together with more rare but still important diseases and symptoms of the mouth. Prevention and treatment of oral and dental diseases are also discussed focusing on aspects considered important with respect to the potential application of prebiotics and probiotics. The second part of the chapter then concentrates on research data on prebiotics and probiotics in the oral health perspective, ending up with conclusions and visions for future research.

  10. A Guide to Adolescent Health Care EPSDT.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Health Care Financing Administration (DHEW), Washington, DC.

    This document provides guidelines for individuals giving health care to adolescents through the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) Program. Chapter One briefly indicates needs of adolescents and outlines legal aspects of health care for adolescents such as age of majority, informed consent, confidentiality, disclosure of…

  11. Alcoholism: diagnosis, prognosis, epidemiology, and burden of the disease.

    PubMed

    Beresford, Thomas P; Wongngamnit, Narin; Temple, Benjamin A

    2014-01-01

    To the clinician, alcoholism can appear as an amorphous entity that is confusing with respect to diagnosis, treatment prognosis, and the role of the health professional, despite its high incidence and associated morbidities and mortality when unrecognized or untreated. This chapter focuses on the clinical application of current knowledge, with the aim of being useful to the practitioner in working directly with patients for whom alcoholism may or may not be an already identified problem. It briefly reviews large-scale studies and then focuses on diagnosis and prognosis assessment and decision making. Also considered are current controversies in nomenclature and the chapter ends with an economic perspective with respect to healthcare and cost to society. As the introductory chapter, the goal is to provide a context of the scope of alcoholism and attendant problems for the rest of the chapters. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. The Landscape of the Liberal Arts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roche, Mark W.

    2013-01-01

    This chapter provides a rationale for the value of a liberal arts education, addressing briefly the recent history of the liberal arts, explaining the value of the liberal arts in diverse educational settings as opposed to simply residential liberal arts colleges, and exploring a contemporary rationale for the liberal arts.

  13. Pupils' View of Mathematics: Initial Report for an International Comparison Project. Research Report 152.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pehkonen, Erkki

    This report describes the theoretical background of an international comparison project on pupils' mathematical beliefs and outlines its realization. The first chapter briefly discusses problems with the underlying concepts of "belief" and "conception." The central concept, view of mathematics, is introduced in the second…

  14. What Can We Learn from the Schools of China? Fastback 89.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Parker, Franklin

    This pamphlet describes briefly school structure in Communist China. The role of Maoist ideology in the education and socialization of young people is also discussed. The first four chapters explain the organization of preschools, compulsory elementary schools, noncompulsory secondary schools, and higher education. Educational aims are primarily…

  15. Working with the Media. Basic School PR Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tilden, Scott W.

    To help improve school public relations programs, this handbook covers communications with print and broadcast media. An overview briefly discusses education's relationship to the media. Chapter 1, on preparations for working with the media, advises making personal contact with media persons and suggests how to prepare, what information to get,…

  16. SoTL[superscript 2]: Inquiring into the Impact of Inquiry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller-Young, Janice; Yeo, Michelle; Manarin, Karen; Carey, Miriam; Zimmer, Jim

    2016-01-01

    This chapter briefly describes the SoTL research development program and context at Mount Royal University, reports initial results from a study of the program's impact on participants' teaching and scholarly activities, and situates the findings regarding individual impact, department-level impact, institution-level impact, and discipline-level…

  17. Master Plan Policies for Illinois Higher Education, 1997.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Illinois State Board of Elections, Springfield.

    This document presents new or revised master plan policy statements for various segments of Illinois higher education. Chapter 1, on statewide goals and organization, lists goals for Illinois higher education, for coordination and planning, for the Board of Higher Education membership; and briefly discusses the organizational structure of public…

  18. Introduction to historical changes in large river fish assemblages of the Americas

    EPA Science Inventory

    This book’s objective is to document historical changes in the fish assemblages of large American rivers, and to determine patterns in and rationale for those changes. In this chapter, we review pertinent literature on large rivers and fish assemblages worldwide and briefly intr...

  19. European Youth Research: Development, Debates, Demands

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chisholm, Lynne

    2006-01-01

    This chapter presents the development of European youth research as a distinctive field of study. It draws attention to the sociopolitical context in which the field has emerged, outlines the key dimensions of the field's agenda, reports on significant facets of theory and research development to date, and briefly considers the field's…

  20. Ourselves and Our Children: A Book By and For Parents.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boston Women's Health Book Collective, Inc., MA.

    This book probes the experience of parenthood, drawing heavily on anecdotal reports of parents' personal experiences and feelings interwoven with the authors' comments. Chapter 1 examines the pros and cons of having children; touches briefly on pregnancy, infertility, adoption, and stepparenthood; and looks at the issues involved in deciding…

  1. Cable in Mass 2.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Founders Annex Public Service Project, Inc., Dedham, MA.

    The current (1972) status of cable television (CATV) in Massachusetts is reviewed in this guide. The tone of the guide is oriented toward more citizen participation and public access to CATV operations throughout the state. The legal and technical CATV considerations are briefly discussed. Short illustrated chapters on the possibilities of local…

  2. Production and Electrical Characterization Tests of the ISL Detector and a Trigger Design for Higgs Boson Searches at CDF

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Munar Ara, Antoni

    2002-01-01

    This thesis is structured as follows: Chapter 1. gives a brief review of the Higgs mechanism in the Standard Model and the electroweak symmetry breaking. The Standard Model Higgs boson phenomenology at Tevatron energies is reviewed. Chapter 2. describes the upgraded Fermilab laboratory accelerator complex, and the upgraded CDF detector. Chapter 3. gives a brief overview of the more relevant aspects of the silicon detectors, and the ISL is described in detail. Chapter 4. describes the construction of the ISL ladders, the full custom testing setup (functionality tests, laser test, burn-in test andmore » $$\\beta$$-source measurements), and the problems encountered during the ISL ladders construction. The procedures for ladder grading are also discussed. Chapter 5. describes the multilevel trigger system of the CDF detector, and the trigger primitives available at each level. The most relevant offine event observables are briefly discussed. In Chapter 6 the procedures to estimate the trigger rate and trigger effciency calculation are described. The particularities of triggering in $$p\\bar{p}$$ collisions at high luminosities are discussed. Chapter 7. and Chapter 8. are dedicated to study an effcient trigger strategy for the $$H + W/Z \\to b\\bar{b}jj$$ channel and the $$H + Z \\to b\\bar{b} \

  3. Structure, Mechanics and Synthesis of Nanoscale Carbon and Boron Nitride

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rinaldo, Steven G.

    This thesis is divided into two parts. In Part I, we examine the properties of thin sheets of carbon and boron nitride. We begin with an introduction to the theory of elastic sheets, where the stretching and bending modes are considered in detail. The coupling between stretching and bending modes is thought to play a crucial role in the thermodynamic stability of atomically-thin 2D sheets such as graphene. In Chapter 2, we begin by looking at the fabrication of suspended, atomically thin sheets of graphene. We then study their mechanical resonances which are read via an optical transduction technique. The frequency of the resonators was found to depend on their temperature, as was their quality factor. We conclude by offering some interpretations of the data in terms of the stretching and bending modes of graphene. In Chapter 3, we look briefly at the fabrication of thin sheets of carbon and boron nitride nanotubes. We examine the structure of the sheets using transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM, respectively). We then show a technique by which one can make sheets suspended over a trench with adjustable supports. Finally, DC measurements of the resistivity of the sheets in the temperature range 600 -- 1400 C are presented. In Chapter 4, we study the folding of few-layer graphene oxide, graphene and boron nitride into 3D aerogel monoliths. The properties of graphene oxide are first considered, after which the structure of graphene and boron nitride aerogels is examined using TEM and SEM. Some models for their structure are proposed. In Part II, we look at synthesis techniques for boron nitride (BN). In Chapter 5, we study the conversion of carbon structures of boron nitride via the application of carbothermal reduction of boron oxide followed by nitridation. We apply the conversion to a wide variety of morphologies, including aerogels, carbon fibers and nanotubes, and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. In the latter chapters, we look at the formation of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). In Chapter 6, we look at various methods of producing BNNTs from boron droplets, and introduce a new method involving injection of boron powder into an induction furnace. In Chapter 7 we consider another useful process, where ammonia is reacted with boron vapor generated in situ, either through the reaction of boron with metal oxides or through the decomposition of metal borides.

  4. Computational Thermodynamics of Materials Zi-Kui Liu and Yi Wang

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Devanathan, Ram

    This authoritative volume introduces the reader to computational thermodynamics and the use of this approach to the design of material properties by tailoring the chemical composition. The text covers applications of this approach, introduces the relevant computational codes, and offers exercises at the end of each chapter. The book has nine chapters and two appendices that provide background material on computer codes. Chapter 1 covers the first and second laws of thermodynamics, introduces the spinodal as the limit of stability, and presents the Gibbs-Duhem equation. Chapter 2 focuses on the Gibbs energy function. Starting with a homogeneous system with amore » single phase, the authors proceed to phases with variable compositions, and polymer blends. The discussion includes the contributions of external electric and magnetic fields to the Gibbs energy. Chapter 3 deals with phase equilibria in heterogeneous systems, the Gibbs phase rule, and phase diagrams. Chapter 4 briefly covers experimental measurements of thermodynamic properties used as input for thermodynamic modeling by Calculation of Phase Diagrams (CALPHAD). Chapter 5 discusses the use of density functional theory to obtain thermochemical data and fill gaps where experimental data is missing. The reader is introduced to the Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package (VASP) for density functional theory and the YPHON code for phonon calculations. Chapter 6 introduces the modeling of Gibbs energy of phases with the CALPHAD method. Chapter 7 deals with chemical reactions and the Ellingham diagram for metal-oxide systems and presents the calculation of the maximum reaction rate from equilibrium thermodynamics. Chapter 8 is devoted to electrochemical reactions and Pourbaix diagrams with application examples. Chapter 9 concludes this volume with the application of a model of multiple microstates to Ce and Fe3Pt. CALPHAD modeling is briefly discussed in the context of genomics of materials. The book introduces basic thermodynamic concepts clearly and directs readers to appropriate references for advanced concepts and details of software implementation. The list of references is quite comprehensive. The authors make liberal use of diagrams to illustrate key concepts. The two Appendices at the end discuss software requirements and the file structure, and present templates for special quasi-random structures. There is also a link to download pre-compiled binary files of the YPHON code for Linux or Microsoft Windows systems. The exercises at the end of the chapters assume that the reader has access to VASP, which is not freeware. Readers without access to this code can work on a limited number of exercises. However, results from other first principles codes can be organized in the YPHON format as explained in the Appendix. This book will serve as an excellent reference on computational thermodynamics and the exercises provided at the end of each chapter make it valuable as a graduate level textbook. Reviewer: Ram Devanathan is Acting Director of Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA.« less

  5. The Distribution of Macromolecular Principles throughout Introductory Organic Chemistry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shulman, Joel I.

    2017-01-01

    Many of the principles of organic polymer chemistry are direct extensions of the information contained in the standard introductory organic chemistry course. Often, however, the discussion of macromolecules is relegated to a chapter at the end of the organic chemistry text and is covered briefly, if at all. Connecting the organic-chemical…

  6. Special Education in America: Its Legal and Governmental Foundations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ballard, Joseph, Ed.; And Others

    The text presents six chapters on the legal and governmental bases of special education. In the Introduction, F. Weintraub and J. Ballard cite the legislative and litigative history of P.L. 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, and briefly address information sources on such policy issues as procedural safeguards, underserved…

  7. Speech and Language Development of the Preschool Child; A Survey.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McElroy, Colleen Wilkinson

    Language acquisition and development by the child is explored and related to other areas of maturation and the environment. The nine chapters of the book are: I. Historical Perspective (discusses the student's attitude toward language, the effects of his attitude, factors that might hamper the study of language, and, briefly, various theories of…

  8. A Resource Guide of Services in Ohio for Persons with a Developmental Disability. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Packard, Betsy, Ed.

    The resource guide provides a listing of resources available in Ohio for the individual with developmental disabilities (autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and/or mental retardation). An introductory chapter briefly describes federal, state, county, and private agencies and services; clinic and health services; community residential alternatives;…

  9. Utilization of citric acid in wood bonding

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Citric acid (CA) is a weak organic acid. It exists most notably in citrus fruits so that it is named likewise. As a commodity chemical, CA is produced on a large scale by fermentation. In this chapter, we first briefly review the applied research and methods for commercial production of CA. Then we ...

  10. Forestry cooperatives: past and present

    Treesearch

    Mark G. Rickenbach

    2006-01-01

    Forest landowner cooperatives are not a new phenomenon, but past efforts to create and sustain these businesses have been largely unsuccessful in the U.S. Before and just after World War II saw significant investment in cooperative development that failed to create durable business. The purpose of this chapter is to briefly describe the history of forestry cooperatives...

  11. Biodegration of chlorinated ethenes

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Bradley, Paul M.; Chapelle, Francis H.

    2010-01-01

    Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes by naturally occurring or artificially enhanced processes is an important component of current site remediation strategies. At this writing, several microbial mechanisms for chlorinated ethene transformation and degradation have been identified. The purpose of this chapter is to briefly summarize the current understanding of those processes that lead to the biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes.

  12. Redesigning an Introduction to Special Education Course by Infusing Technology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dyches, Tina Taylor; Smith, Barbara A.; Syal, Suraj

    2004-01-01

    Online instruction is a growing method of delivering course content in higher education. However, little research has been conducted regarding the effectiveness of such instruction for pre-service teachers, in both general education and special education, who will teach students with disabilities. In this chapter we briefly review the literature…

  13. Benchmarking--Current Availability, Possible New National Alternatives, and Making a Contribution to the Discussion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Atchison, Eric S.; Hosch, Braden J.

    2015-01-01

    This chapter synthesizes the national discussion on other solutions to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), such as a national student record system, and complications. The authors will briefly examine the pros and cons of IPEDS while primarily focusing on national alternatives, as well providing specific examples for…

  14. Issues in Education for the Youthful Offender in Correctional Institutions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dell'Apa, Frank

    The introduction to the survey of educational programs for juvenile offenders in correctional institutions briefly outlines the educational problems and priorities in the prison setting. Chapter one discusses the history of such programs over the last 150 years, especially considering the use and biases of intelligence tests during the last 50…

  15. Health, Grade 3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bui Van Bao; And Others

    This is the third in a series of health primers for elementary education in Vietnam. It is written for Vietnamese children at the third grade level. The fifty-three lessons are integrated into one story. Each lesson is illustrated and briefly summarized. The eight chapters are: (1) Hygiene, at home, in school and in public places; (2) Food and…

  16. Leadership in Transition: The Community College Presidency.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vaughan, George B.

    Stemming from the author's personal experiences, interviews, research, and needs expressed by individuals in the community college field, this book examines issues currently facing community college presidents and argues for a change in leadership to meet the needs of a new era in higher education. Chapter 1 briefly describes the role of the…

  17. Making Thinking Audible and Visible via Cooperative Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jacobs, George M.; Wang, Aili; Li, Xishuang; Xie, Yongye

    2008-01-01

    This chapter begins with a section that describes cooperative learning and explains eight cooperative learning principles. The second section looks briefly at why making thinking audible and visible enriches students' thinking. Making thinking audible means that teachers and students speak out what is going through their minds as they do a task,…

  18. Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations Applied to Magnetic Molecules

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Engelhardt, Larry

    2006-01-01

    We have calculated the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of Heisenberg spin systems using a quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method. We have used some of these systems as models to describe recently synthesized magnetic molecules, and-upon comparing the results of these calculations with experimental data-have obtained accurate estimates for the basic parameters of these models. We have also performed calculations for other systems that are of more general interest, being relevant both for existing experimental data and for future experiments. Utilizing the concept of importance sampling, these calculations can be carried out in an arbitrarily large quantum Hilbert space, while still avoidingmore » any approximations that would introduce systematic errors. The only errors are statistical in nature, and as such, their magnitudes are accurately estimated during the course of a simulation. Frustrated spin systems present a major challenge to the QMC method, nevertheless, in many instances progress can be made. In this chapter, the field of magnetic molecules is introduced, paying particular attention to the characteristics that distinguish magnetic molecules from other systems that are studied in condensed matter physics. We briefly outline the typical path by which we learn about magnetic molecules, which requires a close relationship between experiments and theoretical calculations. The typical experiments are introduced here, while the theoretical methods are discussed in the next chapter. Each of these theoretical methods has a considerable limitation, also described in Chapter 2, which together serve to motivate the present work. As is shown throughout the later chapters, the present QMC method is often able to provide useful information where other methods fail. In Chapter 3, the use of Monte Carlo methods in statistical physics is reviewed, building up the fundamental ideas that are necessary in order to understand the method that has been used in this work. With these ideas in hand, we then provide a detailed explanation of the current QMC method in Chapter 4. The remainder of the thesis is devoted to presenting specific results: Chapters 5 and 6 contain articles in which this method has been used to answer general questions that are relevant to broad classes of systems. Then, in Chapter 7, we provide an analysis of four different species of magnetic molecules that have recently been synthesized and studied. In all cases, comparisons between QMC calculations and experimental data allow us to distinguish a viable microscopic model and make predictions for future experiments. In Chapter 8, the infamous ''negative sign problem'' is described in detail, and we clearly indicate the limitations on QMC that are imposed by this obstacle. Finally, Chapter 9 contains a summary of the present work and the expected directions for future research.« less

  19. Web Prep: How to Prepare NAS Reports For Publication on the Web

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Walatka, Pamela; Balakrishnan, Prithika; Clucas, Jean; McCabe, R. Kevin; Felchle, Gail; Brickell, Cristy

    1996-01-01

    This document contains specific advice and requirements for NASA Ames Code IN authors of NAS reports. Much of the information may be of interest to other authors writing for the Web. WebPrep has a graphic Table of Contents in the form of a WebToon, which simulates a discussion between a scientist and a Web publishing consultant. In the WebToon, Frequently Asked Questions about preparing reports for the Web are linked to relevant text in the body of this document. We also provide a text-only Table of Contents. The text for this document is divided into chapters: each chapter corresponds to one frame of the WebToons. The chapter topics are: converting text to HTML, converting 2D graphic images to gif, creating imagemaps and tables, converting movie and audio files to Web formats, supplying 3D interactive data, and (briefly) JAVA capabilities. The last chapter is specifically for NAS staff authors. The Glossary-Index lists web related words and links to topics covered in the main text.

  20. A Survey of Geologic Resources. Chapter 11

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Edmonson, Jennifer; Rickman, Doug

    2012-01-01

    This chapter focuses on the resources available from the Moon itself: regolith, geologically concentrated materials, and lunar physical features that will enable habitation and generation of power on the surface. This chapter briefly covers the formation of the Moon and thus the formation of the crust of the Moon, as well as the evolution of the regolith. The characteristics of the regolith are provided in some detail, including its mineralogy and lithology. The location of high concentrations of specific minerals or rocks is noted. Other ideal locations for in situ resource utilization technology and lunar habitation are presented. This chapter is intended to be a brief review of current knowledge, and to serve as a foundational source for further study. Each concept presented here has a wealth of literature associated with it; the reader is therefore directed to that literature with each discussion. With great interest in possible manned lunar landings and continued study of the Moon by multiple satellites, the available information changes regularly.

  1. Understanding the Structure-Function Relationships of Dendrimers in Environmental and Biomedical Applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Bo

    We are living an era wherein nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied in our lives. Dendrimers are special polymeric NPs with unique physiochemical properties, which have been intensely explored for a variety of applications. Current studies on dendrimers are bottlenecked by insufficient understandings of their structure and dynamic behaviors from a molecular level. With primarily computational approaches supplemented by many other experimental technics, this dissertation aims to establish structure-function relationships of dendrimers in environmental and biomedical applications. More specifically, it thoroughly investigates the interactions between dendrimers and different biomolecules including carbon-based NPs, metal-based NPs, and proteins/peptides. Those results not only provide profound knowledge for evaluating the impacts of dendrimers on environmental and biological systems but also facilitate designing next-generation functional polymeric nanomaterials. The dissertation is organized as following. Chapter 1 provides an overview of current progresses on dendrimer studies, where methodology of Discrete Molecular Dynamics (DMD), my major research tool, is also introduced. Two directions of utilizing dendrimers will be discussed in following chapters. Chapter 2 will focus on environmental applications of dendrimers, where two back-to-back studies are presented. I will start from describing some interesting observations from experiments i.e. dendrimers dispersed model oil molecules. Then, I will reveal why surface chemistries of dendrimers lead to different remediation efficiencies by computational modelings. Finally, I will demonstrate different scenarios of dendrimer-small molecules association. Chapter 3 is centered on dendrimers in the biomedical applications including two subtopics. In the first topic, we will discuss dendrimers as surfactants that modulating the interactions between proteins and NPs. Some fundamental concepts regarding to NPs-Protein interactions such as NP-protein corona are also explained. In the following topic, I will look into amyloid protein aggregation mediated by dendrimers, which is of high expectations for combating amyloidogenic-related diseases. Chapter 4 concludes the whole dissertation. It also briefly introduces my ongoing projects and future research directions about dendrimers. This dissertation has presented a systematic study of dendrimers in environmental and biomedical applications which might provide valuable information for future dendrimer design thus benefit the nanobiotechnology.

  2. Artificial neural networks in biology and chemistry: the evolution of a new analytical tool.

    PubMed

    Cartwright, Hugh M

    2008-01-01

    Once regarded as an eccentric and unpromising algorithm for the analysis of scientific data, the neural network has been developed in the last decade into a powerful computational tool. Its use now spans all areas of science, from the physical sciences and engineering to the life sciences and allied subjects. Applications range from the assessment of epidemiological data or the deconvolution of spectra to highly practical applications, such as the electronic nose. This introductory chapter considers briefly the growth in the use of neural networks and provides some general background in preparation for the more detailed chapters that follow.

  3. Remembering Professor Mamoru Tamura.

    PubMed

    Takahashi, Eiji

    2013-01-01

    Dr. Mamoru Tamura (1943-2011) was the honorary president of the ISOTT 2008 meeting in Sapporo, Japan, and has made numerous contributions to biomedical optics and functional near-infrared spectrometry. This chapter briefly describes Dr. Tamura's scientific achievements and contributions to the society based on the "Memorial lecture about Mamoru Tamura's contributions to biomedical optics" in ISOTT 2012 in Bruges, Belgium.

  4. "The Bell Curve": Another Chapter in the Continuing Political Economy of Racism.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Newby, Robert G.; Newby, Diane E.

    1995-01-01

    Criticizes Charles Murray's "The Bell Curve" and attempts a more cogent analysis of the respective roles of blacks and the U.S. political economy. Utilizes a sociology of knowledge framework to discuss the evolving nature of blacks in the nation's workforce. Briefly discusses eugenics and the history of racist social theories. (MJP)

  5. Invisible, Marginalized, and Stigmatized: Understanding and Addressing the Needs of Atheist Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Goodman, Kathleen M.; Mueller, John A.

    2009-01-01

    In this chapter, the authors introduce the topic of atheist students to the field of student affairs. The authors provide definitions of relevant terms related to the perspectives and principles of atheists. Then, they briefly address the demographics of atheism and focus on atheist student experiences on college campuses. The authors conclude…

  6. Research with the Attitudes towards Disabled Persons Scales (ATDP) 1960-1985.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yuker, Harold E.; Block, J. R.

    The monograph provides a review of research studies over the past 25 years which have made use of the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) Scale. The report focuses on pertinent information about the scales, their psychometric properties, and the multitude of ways they have been used. An introductory chapter looks briefly at the history of the…

  7. From "connecting the dots" to "threading the needle:" The challenges ahead in managing agricultural landscapes for environmental quality

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Non point source pollution from agriculture is one of the most challenging problems facing society. In this book chapter, we briefly review the development of “landscape thinking” in agriculture and how this has been incorporated into the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Program (CEAP). We pre...

  8. Vocal Learning in Grey Parrots: A Brief Review of Perception, Production, and Cross-Species Comparisons

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pepperberg, Irene M.

    2010-01-01

    This chapter briefly reviews what is known-and what remains to be understood--about Grey parrot vocal learning. I review Greys' physical capacities--issues of auditory perception and production--then discuss how these capacities are used in vocal learning and can be recruited for referential communication with humans. I discuss cross-species…

  9. Treatment for Abused and Neglected Children. The User Manual Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, Harold P.

    This manual brings current knowledge about the needs of abused and neglected children together with practical ideas about what can be done to meet those needs. Designed primarily for use by child protective service (CPS) workers, the manual may also be used by other professionals dealing with child abuse and neglect. Chapter 1 briefly discusses…

  10. Information Fusion - Methods and Aggregation Operators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Torra, Vicenç

    Information fusion techniques are commonly applied in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. In this chapter, we will give an overview of such applications considering their three main uses. This is, we consider fusion methods for data preprocessing, model building and information extraction. Some aggregation operators (i.e. particular fusion methods) and their properties are briefly described as well.

  11. Teens in Action. Creating a Drug-Free Future for America's Youth.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Adams, Tom; Resnik, Hank

    This book on drug abuse prevention is addressed to teenagers and covers five main areas where drug use can be prevented: schools, communities, media, the social scene, and the family. The first chapter on school programs briefly discusses peer-led alcohol and drug education, peer counseling, creating a positive school climate, and developing…

  12. If Schools Are for Learning, the Study of the Politics of Education Is Just Beginning.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hawley, Willis D.

    This chapter argues that political scientists have been more interested in studying political processes than in studying who receives what benefits from the political process. To illustrate his thesis that few political scientists have linked the political process to policy outcomes, the author briefly discusses four general categories of public…

  13. Present and Future Ground-Based Detectors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ciani, Giacomo; Fulda, Paul

    In this chapter, we first briefly review the early history of gravitational wave detection, and how the research turned towards the large scale interferometers that proved to be the most effective devices for gravitational wave astronomy. We provide an overview of what is generically defined as the "first generation" of interferometric detectors, a number of instruments built around the globe at the end of the last century, differing in size, technology and scope. A more detailed description is dedicated to the "second generation", or "advanced detectors", and their main subsystems, which represent the state of the art of the science and technology in the field. In the final section, we give a glimpse of what the next generation of detectors may look like. Given the many similitudes between different projects, throughout the chapter we will use LIGO as the leading example, and highlight how the other projects compared to it both technologically and strategically. This choice is mainly due to the size of the LIGO project and of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and to the pivotal role they played in the history of the field and eventually in the first detection of gravitational waves. It is important to note, however, that the comparatively small amount of space and detail dedicated to other endeavors is not indicative of the importance of the role they have played and still play in the field.

  14. Direct observation and control of hydrogen-bond dynamics using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kumagai, Takashi

    2015-08-01

    Hydrogen(H)-bond dynamics are involved in many elementary processes in chemistry and biology. Because of its fundamental importance, a variety of experimental and theoretical approaches have been employed to study the dynamics in gas, liquid, solid phases, and their interfaces. This review describes the recent progress of direct observation and control of H-bond dynamics in several model systems on a metal surface by using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). General aspects of H-bond dynamics and the experimental methods are briefly described in chapter 1 and 2. In the subsequent four chapters, I present direct observation of an H-bond exchange reaction within a single water dimer (chapter 3), a symmetric H bond (chapter 4) and H-atom relay reactions (chapter 5) within water-hydroxyl complexes, and an intramolecular H-atom transfer reaction (tautomerization) within a single porphycene molecule (chapter 6). These results provide novel microscopic insights into H-bond dynamics at the single-molecule level, and highlight significant impact on the process from quantum effects, namely tunneling and zero-point vibration, resulting from the small mass of H atom. Additionally, local environmental effect on H-bond dynamics is also examined by using atom/molecule manipulation with the STM.

  15. Heteronuclear Correlation SSNMR Spectroscopy with Indirect Detection under Fast Magic-Angle Spinning [Book Chapter

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kobayshi, Takeshi; Nishiyama, Yusuke; Pruski, Marek

    The main focus of this chapter is to address experimental strategies on the subject by providing a hands-on guide to fast MAS experiments, with a particular focus on indirect detection. Although our experience is limited to our respective laboratories in Ames and Yokohama, we hope that our descriptions of experimental setups and optimization procedures are sufficiently general to be applicable to all modern instruments. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 below introduces briefly the fast MAS technology and its main advantages. In Section 3, we describe the hardware associated with this remarkable technology and provide practical advices onmore » its use, including procedures for loading and unloading the samples, maintaining the probe, reducing t 1 noise, etc. In Section 4, we describe the principles and hands-on aspects of experiments involving the indirect detection of spin-1/2 and 14N nuclei« less

  16. Low-Frequency Waves in HF Heating of the Ionosphere

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sharma, A. S.; Eliasson, B.; Milikh, G. M.; Najmi, A.; Papadopoulos, K.; Shao, X.; Vartanyan, A.

    2016-02-01

    Ionospheric heating experiments have enabled an exploration of the ionosphere as a large-scale natural laboratory for the study of many plasma processes. These experiments inject high-frequency (HF) radio waves using high-power transmitters and an array of ground- and space-based diagnostics. This chapter discusses the excitation and propagation of low-frequency waves in HF heating of the ionosphere. The theoretical aspects and the associated models and simulations, and the results from experiments, mostly from the HAARP facility, are presented together to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the relevant plasma processes. The chapter presents the plasma model of the ionosphere for describing the physical processes during HF heating, the numerical code, and the simulations of the excitation of low-frequency waves by HF heating. It then gives the simulations of the high-latitude ionosphere and mid-latitude ionosphere. The chapter also briefly discusses the role of kinetic processes associated with wave generation.

  17. Discretization and Preconditioning Algorithms for the Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations on Unstructured Meshes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bart, Timothy J.; Kutler, Paul (Technical Monitor)

    1998-01-01

    Chapter 1 briefly reviews several related topics associated with the symmetrization of systems of conservation laws and quasi-conservation laws: (1) Basic Entropy Symmetrization Theory; (2) Symmetrization and eigenvector scaling; (3) Symmetrization of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations; and (4) Symmetrization of the quasi-conservative form of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. Chapter 2 describes one of the best known tools employed in the study of differential equations, the maximum principle: any function f(x) which satisfies the inequality f(double prime)>0 on the interval [a,b] attains its maximum value at one of the endpoints on the interval. Chapter three examines the upwind finite volume schemes for scalar and system conservation laws. The basic tasks in the upwind finite volume approach have already been presented: reconstruction, flux evaluation, and evolution. By far, the most difficult task in this process is the reconstruction step.

  18. [Diagnosis and treatment of gender identity disorder].

    PubMed

    Yamauchi, Toshio

    2004-02-01

    According to DSM-IV criteria, gender identity disorder(GID) is characterized as follows: 1) Strong, persistent cross-gender identification. 2) Persistent discomfort with one's assigned sex or the Sense of inappropriateness in that gender role. 3) Not due to an intersex condition. In this chapter, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of GID are briefly described. Possible pathogenesis of GID is also discussed.

  19. The Organization and Management of the Nuclear Weapons Program.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1997-03-01

    over operations include the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health...Safety, and Health. Still more guidance is received from the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board and other external bodies such as the...state regulatory agencies, and the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board. This chapter briefly reviews the most recent decade of this history, describes

  20. Searching of Students after "New Jersey v. T.L.O."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Van Geel, Tyll

    The Supreme Court in 1985 first addressed the issue of balance between a student's right to privacy as stated in the Fourth Amendment and school officials' need to maintain safety. This chapter summarizes the case, explores the meaning of the court opinion, and briefly discusses other issues. The case involved a 14-year-old girl (T.L.O.) whose…

  1. The Role of Mental Health Professionals in the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect. The User Manual Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peterson, Marilyn Strachan; Urquiza, Anthony J.

    This manual is intended to provide mental health professionals with the information needed in the evaluation and treatment of maltreated children and their families. An introductory chapter briefly considers the roles of the various mental health disciplines in child abuse intervention, including psychiatry, psychology, clinical social work,…

  2. Recharge

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fayer, Michael J.

    2008-01-17

    This chapter describes briefly the nature and measurement of recharge in support of the CH2M HILL Tank Farm Vadose Zone Project. Appendix C (Recharge) and the Recharge Data Package (Fayer and Keller 2007) provide a more thorough and extensive review of the recharge process and the estimation of recharge rates for the forthcoming RCRA Facility Investigation report for Hanford single-shell tank (SST) Waste Management Areas (WMAs).

  3. Hydrodynamic Modeling and Its Application in AUC.

    PubMed

    Rocco, Mattia; Byron, Olwyn

    2015-01-01

    The hydrodynamic parameters measured in an AUC experiment, s(20,w) and D(t)(20,w)(0), can be used to gain information on the solution structure of (bio)macromolecules and their assemblies. This entails comparing the measured parameters with those that can be computed from usually "dry" structures by "hydrodynamic modeling." In this chapter, we will first briefly put hydrodynamic modeling in perspective and present the basic physics behind it as implemented in the most commonly used methods. The important "hydration" issue is also touched upon, and the distinction between rigid bodies versus those for which flexibility must be considered in the modeling process is then made. The available hydrodynamic modeling/computation programs, HYDROPRO, BEST, SoMo, AtoB, and Zeno, the latter four all implemented within the US-SOMO suite, are described and their performance evaluated. Finally, some literature examples are presented to illustrate the potential applications of hydrodynamics in the expanding field of multiresolution modeling. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior

    PubMed Central

    Stuewig, Jeff; Mashek, Debra J.

    2011-01-01

    Moral emotions represent a key element of our human moral apparatus, influencing the link between moral standards and moral behavior. This chapter reviews current theory and research on moral emotions. We first focus on a triad of negatively valenced “self-conscious” emotions—shame, guilt, and embarrassment. As in previous decades, much research remains focused on shame and guilt. We review current thinking on the distinction between shame and guilt, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two moral emotions. Several new areas of research are highlighted: research on the domain-specific phenomenon of body shame, styles of coping with shame, psychobiological aspects of shame, the link between childhood abuse and later proneness to shame, and the phenomena of vicarious or “collective” experiences of shame and guilt. In recent years, the concept of moral emotions has been expanded to include several positive emotions—elevation, gratitude, and the sometimes morally relevant experience of pride. Finally, we discuss briefly a morally relevant emotional process—other-oriented empathy. PMID:16953797

  5. Moral emotions and moral behavior.

    PubMed

    Tangney, June Price; Stuewig, Jeff; Mashek, Debra J

    2007-01-01

    Moral emotions represent a key element of our human moral apparatus, influencing the link between moral standards and moral behavior. This chapter reviews current theory and research on moral emotions. We first focus on a triad of negatively valenced "self-conscious" emotions-shame, guilt, and embarrassment. As in previous decades, much research remains focused on shame and guilt. We review current thinking on the distinction between shame and guilt, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two moral emotions. Several new areas of research are highlighted: research on the domain-specific phenomenon of body shame, styles of coping with shame, psychobiological aspects of shame, the link between childhood abuse and later proneness to shame, and the phenomena of vicarious or "collective" experiences of shame and guilt. In recent years, the concept of moral emotions has been expanded to include several positive emotions-elevation, gratitude, and the sometimes morally relevant experience of pride. Finally, we discuss briefly a morally relevant emotional process-other-oriented empathy.

  6. Speech, Voice, and Communication.

    PubMed

    Johnson, Julia A

    2017-01-01

    Communication changes are an important feature of Parkinson's and include both motor and nonmotor features. This chapter will cover briefly the motor features affecting speech production and voice function before focusing on the nonmotor aspects. A description of the difficulties experienced by people with Parkinson's when trying to communicate effectively is presented along with some of the assessment tools and therapists' treatment options. The idea of clinical heterogeneity of PD and subtyping patients with different communication problems is explored and suggestions are made on how this may influence clinicians' treatment methods and choices so as to provide personalized therapy programmes. The importance of encouraging and supporting people to maintain social networks, employment, and leisure activities is stated as the key to achieving sustainability. Finally looking into the future, the emergence of new technologies is seen as providing further possibilities to support therapists in the goal of helping people with Parkinson's to maintain good communication skills throughout the course of the disease. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury.

    PubMed

    Barnes, M P

    1999-01-01

    Head injury is a common disabling condition but regrettably facilities for rehabilitation are sparse. There is now increasing evidence of the efficacy of a comprehensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation team compared to natural recovery following brain injury. This chapter outlines some basic concepts of rehabilitation and emphasises the importance of valid and reliable outcome measures. The evidence of the efficacy of a rehabilitation programme is discussed in some detail. A number of specific rehabilitation problems are outlined including the management of spasticity, nutrition, pressure sores and urinary continence. The increasingly important role of assistive technology is illustrated, particularly in terms of communication aids and environmental control equipment. However, the major long-term difficulties after head injury focus around the cognitive, intellectual, behavioural and emotional problems. The complex management of these disorders is briefly addressed and the evidence of the efficacy of some techniques discussed. The importance of recognition of the vegetative stage and avoidance of misdiagnosis is emphasised. Finally, the important, but often neglected, area of employment rehabilitation is covered.

  8. Von Kármán between Aachen and Pasadena

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krause, Egon; Kalkmann, Ulrich

    2013-05-01

    In the Introduction the reader is referred back to the academic ceremonials held after Theodore von Kármán's death in Aachen in May 1963. His work as the first director of the Aerodynamisches Institut (Institute of Aerodynamics) of the RWTH Aachen University of Technology from 1913 on and his initiative to re-establish international cooperation after World War I, resulting in the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM), are commented on. The following chapter describes von Kármán's relation to his former teacher Ludwig Prandtl. Some of von Kármán's scientific contributions during his time in Aachen are briefly reviewed. Thereafter, his first contacts to the California Institute of Technology are covered. Finally, the scientific and political circumstances, which led to von Kármán's decision to leave Germany in the early thirties, are elucidated in some detail. The English translation of the titles of the Aachen papers is given in Appendix I.

  9. A solid-phase assay for studying direct binding of progranulin to TNFR and progranulin antagonism of TNF/TNFR interactions.

    PubMed

    Tian, Qingyun; Zhao, Shuai; Liu, Chuanju

    2014-01-01

    The discovery that TNF receptors (TNFR) serve as the binding receptors for progranulin (PGRN) reveals the significant role of PGRN in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory arthritis. Herein we describe a simple, antibody-free analytical assay, i.e., a biotin-based solid-phase binding assay, to examine the direct interaction of PGRN/TNFR and the PGRN inhibition of TNF/TNFR interactions. Briefly, a 96-well high-binding microplate is first coated with the first protein (protein A), and after blocking, the coated microplate is incubated with the biotin-labeled second protein (protein B) in the absence or presence of the third protein (protein C). Finally the streptavidin conjugated with a detecting enzyme is added, followed by a signal measurement. Also discussed in this chapter are the advantages of the strategy, key elements to obtain reliable results, and discrepancies among various PGRN proteins in view of the binding activity with TNFR.

  10. Cooperative Program Improvement; An Experiment in ABE In-Service Training. Doolittle Family Education Center Experimental In-Service Training Project. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Griffith, William S.; And Others

    This document, consisting of seven chapters and 12 appendixes, is a full final report of the Doolittle Family Education Center Experimental In-Service Training Project. Chapter II consists of the history and plan of the project including an explanation of the framework of the model that was used to conceptualize the project. Chapter III is a…

  11. Project on Social Architecture in Education. Final Report. Part III: Case Studies. Chapter 9: Arts Co-op: An Experimental High School Program.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sullivan, Ellen Wahl

    This document contains chapter 9 of the final report of the Project on Social Architecture in Education. Chapter 9 is about a regional experimental high school program for the arts. Several features distinguished Arts Co-op from the other schools in the study. For one, it was a special purpose school, focused on the arts, and not offering a…

  12. Power Generation by Harvesting Ambient Energy with a Micro-Electromagnetic Generator

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-01

    more applicable at the micro scale are also being investigated including piezoelectric and electrostatics. Solar energy harvesting is a proven method. It...with IC circuitry. 6.2.7 Piezoelectric Research. In Chapter 2, energy harvesting through the use of piezoelectric materials was briefly discussed. A... piezoelectric harvesters require minimal movement for power generation, whereas an electromagnet generator generally requires significant mechanical motion in

  13. Environmental Impacts of Economic and Population Change in Arkansas.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Graff, Thomas; And Others

    This text is intended to portray the interrelationships of a region's environment, population, and economy. The first chapter defines these interrelationships. The second chapter focuses on economic changes in Arkansas since 1940. The third chapter examines population changes in Arkansas since 1940. The final chapter demonstrates that all these…

  14. Investigation of Local Ordering in Amorphous Materials.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fan, Gary Guoyou

    The intent of the research described in this dissertation, as indicated by the title, is to provide a better understanding of the structure of amorphous material. The possibility of using electron microscopy to study the amorphous structure is investigated. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction to the understanding and modeling of the amorphous structure, electron microscopy and the image analysis in general. The difficulty of using 2-D images to infer 3-D structures information is illustrated in Chapter 2, where it is shown that some high resolution images are not qualitatively different from images of white -noises weak-phase objects or those of random atomic arrangements. The means of obtaining statistical information from these images is given in Chapters 3 and 5, where the quantitative differences between experimental images and simulated white-noise or simulated images corresponding to random arrangements are revealed. The use of image processing techniques in electron microscopy and the possible artifacts are presented in Chapter 4. The pattern recognition technique outlined in Chapter 6 demonstrates a feasible mode of scanning transition electron microscope operation. Statistical analysis can be effectively performed on a large number of nano-diffraction patterns from, for example, locally ordered samples. Some recent developments in physics as well as in electron microscopy are briefly reviewed, and their possible applications in the study of amorphous structures are discussed in Chapter 7.

  15. Statistical inference for capture-recapture experiments

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Pollock, Kenneth H.; Nichols, James D.; Brownie, Cavell; Hines, James E.

    1990-01-01

    This monograph presents a detailed, practical exposition on the design, analysis, and interpretation of capture-recapture studies. The Lincoln-Petersen model (Chapter 2) and the closed population models (Chapter 3) are presented only briefly because these models have been covered in detail elsewhere. The Jolly- Seber open population model, which is central to the monograph, is covered in detail in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5 we consider the "enumeration" or "calendar of captures" approach, which is widely used by mammalogists and other vertebrate ecologists. We strongly recommend that it be abandoned in favor of analyses based on the Jolly-Seber model. We consider 2 restricted versions of the Jolly-Seber model. We believe the first of these, which allows losses (mortality or emigration) but not additions (births or immigration), is likely to be useful in practice. Another series of restrictive models requires the assumptions of a constant survival rate or a constant survival rate and a constant capture rate for the duration of the study. Detailed examples are given that illustrate the usefulness of these restrictions. There often can be a substantial gain in precision over Jolly-Seber estimates. In Chapter 5 we also consider 2 generalizations of the Jolly-Seber model. The temporary trap response model allows newly marked animals to have different survival and capture rates for 1 period. The other generalization is the cohort Jolly-Seber model. Ideally all animals would be marked as young, and age effects considered by using the Jolly-Seber model on each cohort separately. In Chapter 6 we present a detailed description of an age-dependent Jolly-Seber model, which can be used when 2 or more identifiable age classes are marked. In Chapter 7 we present a detailed description of the "robust" design. Under this design each primary period contains several secondary sampling periods. We propose an estimation procedure based on closed and open population models that allows for heterogeneity and trap response of capture rates (hence the name robust design). We begin by considering just 1 age class and then extend to 2 age classes. When there are 2 age classes it is possible to distinguish immigrants and births. In Chapter 8 we give a detailed discussion of the design of capture-recapture studies. First, capture-recapture is compared to other possible sampling procedures. Next, the design of capture-recapture studies to minimize assumption violations is considered. Finally, we consider the precision of parameter estimates and present figures on proportional standard errors for a variety of initial parameter values to aid the biologist about to plan a study. A new program, JOLLY, has been written to accompany the material on the Jolly-Seber model (Chapter 4) and its extensions (Chapter 5). Another new program, JOLLYAGE, has been written for a special case of the age-dependent model (Chapter 6) where there are only 2 age classes. In Chapter 9 a brief description of the different versions of the 2 programs is given. Chapter 10 gives a brief description of some alternative approaches that were not considered in this monograph. We believe that an excellent overall view of capture- recapture models may be obtained by reading the monograph by White et al. (1982) emphasizing closed models and then reading this monograph where we concentrate on open models. The important recent monograph by Burnham et al. (1987) could then be read if there were interest in the comparison of different populations.

  16. DE-NE0000735 - FINAL REPORT ON THORIUM FUEL CYCLE NEUP PROJECT

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Krahn, Steven; Ault, Timothy; Worrall, Andrew

    The report is broken into six chapters, including this executive summary chapter. Following an introduction, this report discusses each of the project’s three major components (Fuel Cycle Data Package (FCDP) Development, Thorium Fuel Cycle Literature Analysis and Database Development, and the Thorium Fuel Cycle Technical Track and Proceedings). A final chapter is devoted to summarization. Various outcomes, publications, etc. originating from this project can be found in the Appendices at the end of the document.

  17. Simulation of Liquid Droplet in Air and on a Solid Surface

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Launglucknavalai, Kevin

    Although multiphase gas and liquid phenomena occurs widely in engineering problems, many aspects of multiphase interaction like within droplet dynamics are still not quantified. This study aims to qualify the Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) Interparticle Potential multiphase computational method in order to build a foundation for future multiphase research. This study consists of two overall sections. The first section in Chapter 2 focuses on understanding the LBM method and Interparticle Potential model. It outlines the LBM method and how it relates to macroscopic fluid dynamics. The standard form of LBM is obtained. The perturbation solution obtaining the Navier-Stokes equations from the LBM equation is presented. Finally, the Interparticle Potential model is incorporated into the numerical LBM method. The second section in Chapter 3 presents the verification and validation cases to confirm the behavior of the single-phase and multiphase LBM models. Experimental and analytical results are used briefly to compare with numerical results when possible using Poiseuille channel flow and flow over a cylinder. While presenting the numerical results, practical considerations like converting LBM scale variables to physical scale variables are considered. Multiphase results are verified using Laplaces law and artificial behaviors of the model are explored. In this study, a better understanding of the LBM method and Interparticle Potential model is gained. This allows the numerical method to be used for comparison with experimental results in the future and provides a better understanding of multiphase physics overall.

  18. Hospital ventilation standards and energy conservation: a summary of the literature with conclusions and recommendations. Final report, FY 78

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hollowell, C.; Rosenfeld, A.

    1978-09-01

    This research examines the basis of current hospital HVAC standards and determines if they can be relaxed on criteria that do not compromise the health, safety, and comfort of patients and staff and has acceptance of the health care community. Chapter 2 summarizes existing standards in use throughout the United States governing hospital ventilation systems and the thermal environment. Chapter 3 explores the role of air in hospital-acquired infections. Chapter 4 explores the realm of indoor air quality within the hospital. Chapter 5 contains a discussion concerning the influence of thermal factors on patient comfort. Chapter 6 discusses the hospitalmore » odor problem with regards to ventilation rates. The final chapter includes conclusions and recommendations developed from the literature review and from a small working conference sponsored by the University of Minnesota School of Public Health.« less

  19. Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Müller, Henning; Deserno, Thomas M.

    This chapter details the necessity for alternative access concepts to the currently mainly text-based methods in medical information retrieval. This need is partly due to the large amount of visual data produced, the increasing variety of medical imaging data and changing user patterns. The stored visual data contain large amounts of unused information that, if well exploited, can help diagnosis, teaching and research. The chapter briefly reviews the history of image retrieval and its general methods before technologies that have been developed in the medical domain are focussed. We also discuss evaluation of medical content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems and conclude with pointing out their strengths, gaps, and further developments. As examples, the MedGIFT project and the Image Retrieval in Medical Applications (IRMA) framework are presented.

  20. 76 FR 53631 - BioPreferred Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-29

    ... title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) to chapter XXXII of title 7 of the CFR. DATES: This..., even though chapter XXXII of the CFR is assigned to OPPM. This direct final rule will relocate all elements of the BioPreferred Program from chapter XXIX of the CFR to chapter XXXII, as OPPM has sole...

  1. METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    FERNANDEZ-GARCIA,M.; RODGRIGUEZ, J.A.

    2007-10-01

    This chapter covers the fundamental science, synthesis, characterization, physicochemical properties and applications of oxide nanomaterials. Explains fundamental aspects that determine the growth and behavior of these systems, briefly examines synthetic procedures using bottom-up and top-down fabrication technologies, discusses the sophisticated experimental techniques and state of the art theory results used to characterize the physico-chemical properties of oxide solids and describe the current knowledge concerning key oxide materials with important technological applications.

  2. Robust Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis with Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms: Single- and Multi-Disciplinary Applications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    multi-disciplinary optimization with uncertainty. Robust optimization and sensitivity analysis is usually used when an optimization model has...formulation is introduced in Section 2.3. We briefly discuss several definitions used in the sensitivity analysis in Section 2.4. Following in...2.5. 2.4 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS In this section, we discuss several definitions used in Chapter 5 for Multi-Objective Sensitivity Analysis . Inner

  3. X-ray lasers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elton, Raymond C.

    Theoretical and practical aspects of X-ray lasers are discussed in an introduction emphasizing recent advances. Chapters are devoted to the unique optical properties of the X-ray spectral region, the principles of short-wavelength lasers, pumping by exciting plasma ions, pumping by electron capture into excited ionic states, pumping by ionization of atoms and ions, and alternative approaches. The potential scientific, technical, biological, and medical applications of X-ray lasers are briefly characterized.

  4. Chapter 1: A Brief Introduction to Lignin Structure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Katahira, Rui; Beckham, Gregg T; Elder, Thomas J.

    Lignin is an alkyl-aromatic polymer found in the cell walls of terrestrial plants. Lignin provides structure and rigidity to plants, is a natural, highly effective barrier against microbial attack, and enables water and nutrient transport through plant tissues. Depending on the plant species, the constituents of lignin can vary considerably, leading to substantial diversity in lignin chemistry and structure. Despite nearly a century of research and development attempting to convert lignin into valuable products, lignin in most current and planned biorefinery contexts remains underutilized, most often being burned to generate heat and power. However, the drive towards effective lignin valorizationmore » processes has witnessed a significant resurgence in the past decade, catalyzed by advances in improved understanding of lignin chemistry, structure, and plasticity in parallel with new catalytic and biological approaches to valorize this important, prevalent biopolymer. As a preface to the subsequent chapters in this book, this chapter briefly highlights the known aspects of lignin structure.« less

  5. Synthesis of high surface area nanomaterials and their application in catalysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chaudhary, Umesh

    2016-05-01

    The dissertation is organized in 4 chapters. Chapter 1 highlights the motivations behind our research along with a general introduction on ceria and carbon catalysts. Chapter 2 reports the investigations on Copper-Ceria catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of fatty acids into fatty alcohols. Chapter 3 discusses the development of nitrogen containing mesoporous carbon. The chapter also reports the catalytic investigations for aldol condensation and nitrobenzene hydrogenation reactions. Finally, Chapter 4 is a general conclusion summarizing this dissertation.

  6. Applications of Silicon-on-Insulator Photonic Crystal Structures in Miniature Spectrometer Designs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gao, Boshen

    Optical spectroscopy is one of the most important fundamental scientific techniques. It has been widely adopted in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and many other research fields. However, the size and weight of a spectrometer as well as the difficulty to align and maintain it have long limited spectroscopy to be a laboratory-only procedure. With the recent advancement in semiconductor electronics and photonics, miniaturized spectrometers have been introduced to complete many tasks in daily life where mobility and portability are necessary. This thesis focuses on the study of several photonic crystal (PC) nano-structures potentially suitable for miniaturized on-chip spectrometer designs. Chapter 1 briefly introduces the concept of PCs and their band structures. By analyzing the band structure, the origin of the superprism effect is explained. Defect-based PC nano-cavities are also discussed, as well as a type of coupled cavity waveguides (CCW) composed of PC nano-cavities. Chapter 2 is devoted to the optimization of a flat-band superprism structure for spectroscopy application using numerical simulations. Chapter 3 reports a fabricated broad-band superprism and the experimental characterization of its wavelength resolving performance. In chapter 4, the idea of composing a miniature spectrometer based on a single tunable PC nano-cavity is proposed. The rest of this chapter discusses the experimental study of this design. Chapter 5 examines the slow-light performance of a CCW and discusses its potential application in slow-light interferometry. Chapter 6 serves as a conclusion of this thesis and proposes directions for possible future work to follow up.

  7. International Symposium for Literacy Final Report (Persepolis, Iran, September 3-8, 1975).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    1975

    The final report of the International Symposium for Literacy, which met in Persepolis, Iran, from September 3-8, 1975, is presented. Participating were 75 individuals from around the world, including representatives from China, Vietnam, and North Korea. Chapter 1 discusses the symposium's origin and sponsoring committee activities while chapter 2,…

  8. Biological Contamination of Mars: Issues and Recommendations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1992-01-01

    The ad hoc Task Group on Planetary Protection formed by the Space Studies Board (SSB) of the National Research Council focused on making recommendations concerning the protection of Mars from forward contamination (i.e., Earth to Mars) during upcoming missions by both the United States and the former Soviet Union. In so doing, it distinguished between missions whose goals include reconnaissance and measurement and those that specifically include experiments to detect life. The task group also discussed what additional knowledge will be needed in order to assure that future recommendations regarding contamination of Earth from Mars might be made with a higher degree of certainty than is now possible. Following a short introduction to the rationale underlying planetary exploration (Chapter 1) is a brief summary of approved and contemplated missions to Mars (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 briefly reviews the state of knowledge in several areas pertinent to the problem of planetary protection, in the limits of life on Earth and the abilities of known terrestrial organisms to withstand extreme environment conditions, as well as new approaches to detecting life forms. Chapter 5 includes a review and comments (made in light of current knowledge)- on the recommendations made in 'Recommendations on Quarantine Policy for Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Titan'. Updates to the recommendations made in 1978 are also given in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 gives additional recommendations concerning collection of essential data, spacecraft sterilization and bioburden assessment, and future research, as well as legal and social issues and NASA's overall planetary protection program.

  9. Titan through Time: Evolution of Titan's Atmosphere and its Hydrocarbon Cycle on the Surface

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gilliam, Ashley E.

    The Introduction and Appendix i-A outline briefly the history of Titan exploration since its discovery by Christiaan Huygens in 1675 through the recent International Mission of Cassini-Huygens.. Chapter 1: This chapter discusses two possible pathways of loss of the two main gases from Titan's post-accretional atmosphere, methane (CH 4) and ammonia (NH3), by the mechanisms of thermal escape and emission from the interior coupled with thermal escape. Chapter 2: In this chapter, a simple photolysis model is created, where the second most abundant component of the present-day Titan atmosphere, methane (CH4), can either escape the atmosphere or undergo photolytic conversion to ethane (C2H6). Chapter 3: This chapter examines different fluvial features on Titan, identified by the Cassini spacecraft, and evaluates the possibilities of channel formation by two mechanisms: dissolution of ice by a concentrated solution of ammonium sulfate, and by mechanical erosion by flow of liquid ammonia and liquid ethane. Chapter 4: This chapter presents: (1) new explicit mathematical solutions of mixed 1st and 2nd order chemical reactions, represented by ordinary differential first-degree and Riccati equations; (2) the computed present-day concentrations of the three gases in Titan's scale atmosphere, treated as at near-steady state; and (3) an analysis of the reported and computed atmospheric concentrations of CH4, CH 3, and C2H6 on Titan, based on the reaction rate parameters of the species, the rate parameters taken as constants representative of their mean values. Chapter 5: This chapter examines the possible reactions of methane formation in terms of the thermodynamic relationships of the reactions that include pure carbon as graphite, the gases H2, CO2, H2 O, and serpentinization and magnetite formation from olivine fayalite. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

  10. Study of Three-Dimensional Pressure-Driven Turbulent Boundary Layer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-08-31

    614)-)) the flow development rate should be comparable with that of the flows used in practice. In the rest of the Chapter, first the governing...to develop these models will be briefly discussed. The available turbulence models used INTRODUCTION 2 for the mathematically closure of the of...equations, assumptions made for each model and the quantities to be measured for the further development of these models are also going to be pointed out

  11. Aircraft Emergency Decisions: Cognitive and Situational Variables

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-07-01

    Training 2-U 2.5.1 Current Programs 2-14 2.5.2 Recommendations 2-18 2.6 Stress 2-21 2.7 Siwmary 2-27 3. AIRCREW EMERGENCY DECISION TRAINING...training, and the effects of stress . Chapter 3 1-7 briefly reviews the events and resulting recommendations of the Aircrew Emergency Decision...training, and performance under stress , yhile the literature on each of these separate topics Is large, and in some cases voluminous, aircrew emergency

  12. Stability and electronic properties of low-dimensional nanostructures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guan, Jie

    As the devices used in daily life become smaller and more concentrated, traditional three-dimensional (3D) bulk materials have reached their limit in size. Low-dimensional nanomaterials have been attracting more attention in research and getting widely applied in many industrial fields because of their atomic-level size, unique advanced properties, and varied nanostructures. In this thesis, I have studied the stability and mechanical and electronic properties of zero-dimensional (0D) structures including carbon fullerenes, nanotori, metallofullerenes and phosphorus fullerenes, one-dimensional (1D) structures including carbon nanotubes and phosphorus nanotubes, as well as two-dimensional (2D) structures including layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), phosphorene and phosphorus carbide (PC). I first briefly introduce the scientific background and the motivation of all the work in this thesis. Then the computational techniques, mainly density functional theory (DFT), are reviewed in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, I investigate the stability and electronic structure of endohedral rare-earth metallofullerene La C60 and the trifluoromethylized La C60(CF3)n with n ≤ 5. Odd n is preferred due to the closed-shell electronic configuration or large HOMO-LUMO gap, which is also meaningful for the separation of C 60-based metallofullerenes. Mechanical and electronic properties of layered materials including TMDs and black phosphorus are studied in Chapter 4 and 5. In Chapter 4, a metallic NbSe2/semiconducting WSe2 bilayer is investigated and besides a rigid band shift associated with charge transfer, the presence of NbSe2 does not modify the electronic structure of WSe2. Structural similarity and small lattice mismatch results in the heterojunction being capable of efficiently transferring charge acrossthe interface. In Chapter 5, I investigate the dependence of stability and electronic band structure on the in-layer strain in bulk black phosphorus. In Chapters 6, 7 and 8, novel 2D structures are predicted theoretically. In Chapter 6, I propose two new stable structural phases of layered phosphorus besides the layered alpha-P (black) and beta-P (blue) phosphorus allotropes. A metal-insulator transition caused by inlayer strain or changing the number of layers is found in the new gamma-P phase. An unforeseen benefit is the possibility to connect different structural phases at no energy cost, which further leads to a paradigm of constructing very stable, faceted phosphorus nanotube and fullerene structures by laterally joining nanoribbons or patches of different planar phosphorene phases, which is discussed in Chapter 7. In Chapter 8, I propose previously unknown allotropes of PC in the stable shape of an atomically thin layer. Different stable geometries, which result from the competition between sp2 bonding found in graphitic C and sp3 bonding found in black P, display different electronic properties including metallic, semi-metallic with an anisotropic Dirac cone, and direct-gap semiconductors with their gap tunable by in-layer strain. In Chapter 9, I propose a fast method to determine the local curvature in 2D systems with arbitrary shape. The curvature information, combined with elastic constants obtained for a planar system, provides an accurate estimate of the local stability in the framework of continuum elasticity theory. This approach can be applied to all 2D structures. Finally, I present general conclusions from the PhD Thesis work in Chapter 10.

  13. Conspecific Interactions in Adult Laboratory Rodents: Friends or Foes?

    PubMed

    Lukas, Michael; de Jong, Trynke R

    2017-01-01

    Interactions between adult conspecifics, including sexual behaviors, affiliation, and aggression are crucial for the well-being, survival, and reproduction of mammals. This holds true for any mammalian species, but certainly for humans: An inability to optimally navigate the social system can have a strong negative impact on physical and mental health. Translational rodent models have been used for decades to unravel the neural pathways and substrates involved in normal and abnormal conspecific interactions. Researchers in the field of translational social neuroscience face a double challenge: Not only do they need to pay considerable attention to the behavioral ecology of their model species or their ancestors, they also have to expect a relatively large variability in behavior and adjust their experimental design accordingly. In this chapter, we will lay out traditional and novel rodent models and paradigms to study sexual, affiliative, and aggressive interactions among adult conspecifics. We will discuss the merits and main findings and briefly consider the most promising novel directions. Finally, we review the modulatory involvement of two major players in mammal social interaction: the central oxytocin and vasopressin system.

  14. Overview of artificial neural networks.

    PubMed

    Zou, Jinming; Han, Yi; So, Sung-Sau

    2008-01-01

    The artificial neural network (ANN), or simply neural network, is a machine learning method evolved from the idea of simulating the human brain. The data explosion in modem drug discovery research requires sophisticated analysis methods to uncover the hidden causal relationships between single or multiple responses and a large set of properties. The ANN is one of many versatile tools to meet the demand in drug discovery modeling. Compared to a traditional regression approach, the ANN is capable of modeling complex nonlinear relationships. The ANN also has excellent fault tolerance and is fast and highly scalable with parallel processing. This chapter introduces the background of ANN development and outlines the basic concepts crucially important for understanding more sophisticated ANN. Several commonly used learning methods and network setups are discussed briefly at the end of the chapter.

  15. Essays on Educational Achievement

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ampaabeng, Samuel Kofi

    2013-01-01

    This dissertation examines the determinants of student outcomes--achievement, attainment, occupational choices and earnings--in three different contexts. The first two chapters focus on Ghana while the final chapter focuses on the US state of Massachusetts. In the first chapter, I exploit the incidence of famine and malnutrition that resulted to…

  16. The Consequences of School Desegregation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rossell, Christine H., Ed.; Hawley, Willis D., Ed.

    Materials on a variety of subjects related to school desegregation are collected in this book. Chapter 1 discusses assumptions about the overall consequences of desegregation. Chapters 2 to 5 synthesize the findings of existing research on the consequences of school desegregation for children and communities. Finally, Chapter 6 describes…

  17. General Educational Requirements for Access to Manual Skills Training in Botswana. Final Report. Surveys and Studies in Adult Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ahmad, N.; And Others

    This report of a study to analyze the problems of access to institutional skills training of the manual work force is divided into five chapters. Chapter l introduces the study and explains the work plan and methodology. Chapter 2 discusses patterns of employment and overviews the provision of manual skills training in Botswana. Chapter 3 concerns…

  18. Competency Among Hard-To-Employ Youths. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Caplan, Nathan

    This report consists of five chapters: the first evaluates a theory of youth unemployment which particulary pertains to youths who are skillful in "nonstandard" competencies--the theory of competing competencies. The second chapter illustrates such behavior through the use of a case history. The third chapter presents empirical support for the…

  19. Money, Time and Learning. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thomas, J. Alan; Kemmerer, Frances

    Chapter 1 of this study discusses sources of educational inequality in terms of criteria for resource allocation, definitions of educational equity, and equity and efficiency in the classroom. Following the second chapter's review of literature on how resources affect learning, chapter 3 offers a theory of resource allocation education. The fourth…

  20. Essays on Education Programs in Developing Countries

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    He, Fang

    2010-01-01

    This dissertation evaluates programs seeking to address educational access and quality in developing countries. Chapter 1 examines the impact of two school feeding programs on enrollment in Sri Lanka. Chapter 2 assesses the relative productivity of several modes of implementing an Indian English education curriculum in India. Finally, chapter 3…

  1. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR THE GROUND WATER RULE ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The Ground Water Rule Economic Analysis provides a description of the need for the rule, consideration of regulatory alternatives, baseline analysis including national ground water system profile and an estimate of pathogen and indicator occurrence (Chapter 4), a risk assessment and benefits analysis (Chapter 5), and a cost analysis ( Chapter 6). Chapters 4, 5 and 6, selected appendices and sections of other chapters will be peer reviewed. The objective of the Economic Analysis Document is to support the final Ground Water Rule.

  2. Text-based Analytics for Biosurveillance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Charles, Lauren E.; Smith, William P.; Rounds, Jeremiah

    The ability to prevent, mitigate, or control a biological threat depends on how quickly the threat is identified and characterized. Ensuring the timely delivery of data and analytics is an essential aspect of providing adequate situational awareness in the face of a disease outbreak. This chapter outlines an analytic pipeline for supporting an advanced early warning system that can integrate multiple data sources and provide situational awareness of potential and occurring disease situations. The pipeline, includes real-time automated data analysis founded on natural language processing (NLP), semantic concept matching, and machine learning techniques, to enrich content with metadata related tomore » biosurveillance. Online news articles are presented as an example use case for the pipeline, but the processes can be generalized to any textual data. In this chapter, the mechanics of a streaming pipeline are briefly discussed as well as the major steps required to provide targeted situational awareness. The text-based analytic pipeline includes various processing steps as well as identifying article relevance to biosurveillance (e.g., relevance algorithm) and article feature extraction (who, what, where, why, how, and when). The ability to prevent, mitigate, or control a biological threat depends on how quickly the threat is identified and characterized. Ensuring the timely delivery of data and analytics is an essential aspect of providing adequate situational awareness in the face of a disease outbreak. This chapter outlines an analytic pipeline for supporting an advanced early warning system that can integrate multiple data sources and provide situational awareness of potential and occurring disease situations. The pipeline, includes real-time automated data analysis founded on natural language processing (NLP), semantic concept matching, and machine learning techniques, to enrich content with metadata related to biosurveillance. Online news articles are presented as an example use case for the pipeline, but the processes can be generalized to any textual data. In this chapter, the mechanics of a streaming pipeline are briefly discussed as well as the major steps required to provide targeted situational awareness. The text-based analytic pipeline includes various processing steps as well as identifying article relevance to biosurveillance (e.g., relevance algorithm) and article feature extraction (who, what, where, why, how, and when).« less

  3. [50 years of the Journal of psychosomatic medicine].

    PubMed

    Rudolf, Gerd; Rüger, Ulrich

    2004-01-01

    This article is a review of the historical development of this journal from its establishment in 1954 to the present. The history of its founding will first be briefly outlined and illustrated with some facsimile prints from that time. The thematic focuses as they evolved over the last five decades will then be reviewed. In a further chapter individuals will be presented who have contributed significantly to the journal and made it what it is today.

  4. Research and Development Project Priotization. An Annotated Bibliography.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-04-01

    matrix) theory provides the answer in any particular 17 problem. The matrix used is a table to express the number of votes cast for each motion...the majority-rule model and the game model. In 1964, Aumana’s chapter in Shelly and Bryan’s book [187] briefly described ordinal utility ranking...propositions to cast doubt on the existence of Bergson-Samuelson SWFs. They demonstrated that it was impossible to find a "reasonable" Bergson

  5. Applications and Experiences

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sacco, Giovanni Maria; Ferré, Sébastien

    This chapter discusses a number of real-world applications of dynamic taxonomies. Most current applications are object-seeking or knowledge-seeking exploratory tasks, and address important areas such as e-commerce, multimedia infobases, diagnostic systems, digital libraries and news systems, e-government, file systems, and geographical information systems. Applications in these areas are discussed in detail in the following, and applications in cultural heritage, art and architecture, e-recruitment, e-hrm, e-matchmaking, e-health, and e-learning are briefly reviewed.

  6. Regional Evaluation and Research Center for Head Start. Southern University, Annual Report, November 28, 1969. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Southern Univ. and Agricultural and Mechanical Coll., Baton Rouge, LA.

    This final report of the third year of the Southern University-Tulane University Regional Head Start Evaluation and Research Center is a statement of activities engaged in since September 1968. Chapter I includes an introduction and description of the centers; Chapter II, evaluation guidelines, test battery, quality control, evaluation design and…

  7. Home Entrepreneurship: The Development of Instructional Materials in the Operation of a Small Business from the Home. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weis, Susan F.; O'Brien, Kay S.

    The three chapters of this final report present material from a project to develop individualized instructional materials on operating a small business from the home for home economics related occupations. Chapter 1 includes a review of literature appropriate to the project and provides definitions from the literature (and from interviews) for…

  8. Digital image processing and analysis for activated sludge wastewater treatment.

    PubMed

    Khan, Muhammad Burhan; Lee, Xue Yong; Nisar, Humaira; Ng, Choon Aun; Yeap, Kim Ho; Malik, Aamir Saeed

    2015-01-01

    Activated sludge system is generally used in wastewater treatment plants for processing domestic influent. Conventionally the activated sludge wastewater treatment is monitored by measuring physico-chemical parameters like total suspended solids (TSSol), sludge volume index (SVI) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) etc. For the measurement, tests are conducted in the laboratory, which take many hours to give the final measurement. Digital image processing and analysis offers a better alternative not only to monitor and characterize the current state of activated sludge but also to predict the future state. The characterization by image processing and analysis is done by correlating the time evolution of parameters extracted by image analysis of floc and filaments with the physico-chemical parameters. This chapter briefly reviews the activated sludge wastewater treatment; and, procedures of image acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation and analysis in the specific context of activated sludge wastewater treatment. In the latter part additional procedures like z-stacking, image stitching are introduced for wastewater image preprocessing, which are not previously used in the context of activated sludge. Different preprocessing and segmentation techniques are proposed, along with the survey of imaging procedures reported in the literature. Finally the image analysis based morphological parameters and correlation of the parameters with regard to monitoring and prediction of activated sludge are discussed. Hence it is observed that image analysis can play a very useful role in the monitoring of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants.

  9. Mini-Computers and the Building Trades: A Guide for Teachers of Vocational Education. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Asplen, Donald; And Others

    These training materials are designed to help vocational education teachers introduce students to the utilization and installation of mini- and microcomputers in residential and small business buildings. It consists of two chapters. Chapter 1 contains general materials, designed to promote awareness, and chapter 2 contains materials which are…

  10. The Adult Basic Education Profession and Competence: Promoting Best Practice. Final Report 1993.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scheeres, Hermine; And Others

    This report describes the adult basic education profession in Australia across state boundaries and across a wide range of contexts. Chapter 1 discusses competencies and professions and why competency-based teacher education has been unsuccessful. Chapter 2 discusses the context of Adult Basic Education Competencies. Chapter 3 describes the…

  11. Landscape-scale carbon sampling strategy-lessons learned. Chapter 17

    Treesearch

    John B. Bradford; Peter Weishampel; Marie-Louise Smith; Randall Kolka; David Y. Hollinger; Richard A. Birdsey; Scott Ollinger; Michael Ryan

    2008-01-01

    Previous chapters examined individual processes relevant to forest carbon cycling, and characterized measurement approaches for understanding those processes at landscape scales. In this final chapter, we address our overall approach to understanding forest carbon dynamics over large areas. Our objective is to identify any lessons that we learned in the course of...

  12. 47 CFR 0.314 - Additional authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... operators of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment, as provided in § 18.115 of this chapter... provided by § 18.115 of this chapter, and requests for extensions of time within which to file final reports, as provided by § 18.117 of this chapter. (h) Issue notices and orders to operators of part 15...

  13. 47 CFR 0.314 - Additional authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... operators of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment, as provided in § 18.115 of this chapter... provided by § 18.115 of this chapter, and requests for extensions of time within which to file final reports, as provided by § 18.117 of this chapter. (h) Issue notices and orders to operators of part 15...

  14. 47 CFR 0.314 - Additional authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... operators of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment, as provided in § 18.115 of this chapter... provided by § 18.115 of this chapter, and requests for extensions of time within which to file final reports, as provided by § 18.117 of this chapter. (h) Issue notices and orders to operators of part 15...

  15. Petroleum industry in Iran

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Farideh, A.

    1981-01-01

    This study examines the oil industry in Iran from the early discovery of oil nearly two hundred years ago in Mazandaran (north part) to the development of a giant modern industry in the twentieth century. Chapter I presents a brief historical setting to introduce the reader to the importance of oil in Iran. It focuses on the economic implications of the early oil concessions in the period 1901 to 1951. Chapter II discusses the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry and creation of NIOC in 1951 and the international political and economic implication of these activities. Chapter III explains themore » activities of NIOC in Iran. Exploration and drilling, production, exports, refineries, natural gas, petrochemicals and internal distributions are studied. Chapter IV discusses the role of the development planning of Iran. A brief presentation of the First Development Plan through the Fifth Development Plan is given. Sources and uses of funds by plan organization during these Five Plans is studied. The Iran and Iraq War is also studied briefly, but the uncertainty of its resolution prevents any close analysis of its impact on the Iranian oil industry. One conclusion, however, is certain; oil has been a vital resource in Iran's past and it will remain the lifetime of its economic development in the future.« less

  16. Ethical issues associated with the use of animal experimentation in behavioral neuroscience research.

    PubMed

    Ohl, Frauke; Meijboom, Franck

    2015-01-01

    This chapter briefly explores whether there are distinct characteristics in the field of Behavioral Neuroscience that demand specific ethical reflection. We argue that although the ethical issues in animal-based Behavioral Neuroscience are not necessarily distinct from those in other research disciplines using animal experimentation, this field of endeavor makes a number of specific, ethically relevant, questions more explicit and, as a result, may expose to discussion a series of ethical issues that have relevance beyond this field of science. We suggest that innovative research, by its very definition, demands out-of-the-box thinking. At the same time, standardization of animal models and test procedures for the sake of comparability across experiments inhibits the potential and willingness to leave well-established tracks of thinking, and leaves us wondering how open minded research is and whether it is the researcher's established perspective that drives the research rather than the research that drives the researcher's perspective. The chapter finishes by introducing subsequent chapters of this book volume on Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience.

  17. Developing a professional approach to work-based assessments in rheumatology.

    PubMed

    Haines, Catherine; Dennick, Reg; da Silva, José António P

    2013-04-01

    This chapter discusses how doctors in key European countries develop and maintain professional standards of clinical knowledge in their specialism, rheumatology, with particular reference to how they are assessed in the workplace. The authors discuss key educational theories related to learning and assessment, including experiential learning, reflective practice, how formative and summative assessments drive experiential learning and the essential principles of reliability and validity. This chapter also considers the challenge of ensuring that professional attitudes towards assessment and reflective practice are developed alongside cognitive and practical skills, with reference to current frameworks, including the UK and North America. The chapter lists, describes and explains the main summative assessments used in postgraduate medicine in the UK. We advocate the development of the professional reflective-practitioner attitude as the best way of approaching the range of work-based assessments that trainees need to engage in. Our account concludes by briefly discussing the barriers that may impede professional approaches to assessing competence in rheumatology. A summary states how individual practitioners may contribute to a more effective process in their roles as assessors and trainees. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  18. Universal Sensor and Actuator Requirements. Chapter 5

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rosenfeld, Taylor; Webster, John; Garg, Sanjay

    2009-01-01

    The previous chapters have focused on the requirements for sensors and actuators for "More Intelligent Gas Turbine Engines" from the perspective of performance and operating environment. Even if a technology is available, which meets these performance requirements, there are still various hurdles to be overcome for the technology to transition into a real engine. Such requirements relate to TRL (Technology Readiness Level), durability, reliability, volume, weight, cost, etc. This chapter provides an overview of such universal requirements which any sensor or actuator technology will have to meet before it can be implemented on a product. The objective here is to help educate the researchers or technology developers on the extensive process that the technology has to go through beyond just meeting performance requirements. The hope is that such knowledge will help the technology developers as well as decision makers to prevent wasteful investment in developing solutions to performance requirements, which have no potential to meet the "universal" requirements. These "universal" requirements can be divided into 2 broad areas: 1) Technology value proposition; and 2) Technology maturation. These requirements are briefly discussed in the following.

  19. An Analysis of the Department of Defense’s Use of Other Transaction Authority (10 U.S.C. 2371)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-06-01

    and protocols and will also review the advantages / benefits , disadvantages /risks, and lessons learned with respect to OT authority. Finally, Chapter V...examined the various advantages / benefits and disadvantages /risks of OT authority. Finally, this Chapter provided a few examples of technologies that have... ADVANTAGES AND BENEFITS .........................................................44 1. Flexible Terms and Conditions

  20. Fishery population and habitat assessment in Puerto Rico streams: phase 2 final report

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Kwak, Thomas J.; Smith, William E.; Buttermore, Elissa N.; Cooney, Patrick B.; Cope, W. Gregory

    2013-01-01

    This document serves as the Final Report for research on Puerto Rico stream fishes and their habitat funded by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, in the form of a grant to the North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. This research was also conducted to meet the thesis requirement for a Master of Science degree granted to Elissa Buttermore (Chapters 3–4) and the dissertation requirement for a Doctor of Philospophy degree granted to William Smith (Chapters 5–8). Formatting differs among chapters, as each was developed to target a specific scientific journal and to conform to journal style.

  1. Before In Vivo Imaging: Evaluation of Fluorescent Probes Using Fluorescence Microscopy, Multiplate Reader, and Cytotoxicity Assays.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Shaojuan

    2016-01-01

    Fluorescent probes are widely utilized for noninvasive fluorescence imaging. Continuing efforts have been made in developing novel fluorescent probes with improved fluorescence quantum yield, enhanced target-specificity, and lower cytotoxicity. Before such probes are administrated into a living system, it is essential to evaluate the subcellular uptake, targeting specificity, and cytotoxicity in vitro. In this chapter, we briefly outline common methods used to evaluate fluorescent probes using fluorescence microscopy, multiplate reader, and cytotoxicity assay.

  2. Photography applications

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Cochran, Susan A.; Goodman, James A.; Purkis, Samuel J.; Phinn, Stuart R.

    2013-01-01

    Photographic imaging is the oldest form of remote sensing used in coral reef studies. This chapter briefly explores the history of photography from the 1850s to the present, and delves into its application for coral reef research. The investigation focuses on both photographs collected from low-altitude fixed-wing and rotary aircraft, and those collected from space by astronauts. Different types of classification and analysis techniques are discussed, and several case studies are presented as examples of the broad use of photographs as a tool in coral reef research.

  3. Developmental and perinatal brain diseases.

    PubMed

    Adle-Biassette, Homa; Golden, Jeffery A; Harding, Brian

    2017-01-01

    This chapter briefly describes the normal development of the nervous system, the neuropathology and pathophysiology of acquired and secondary disorders affecting the embryo, fetus, and child. They include CNS manifestations of chromosomal change; forebrain patterning defects; disorders of the brain size; cell migration and specification disorders; cerebellum, hindbrain and spinal patterning defects; hydrocephalus; secondary malformations and destructive pathologies; vascular malformations; arachnoid cysts and infectious diseases. The distinction between malformations and disruptions is important for pathogenesis and genetic counseling. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Automated Quantitative Nuclear Cardiology Methods

    PubMed Central

    Motwani, Manish; Berman, Daniel S.; Germano, Guido; Slomka, Piotr J.

    2016-01-01

    Quantitative analysis of SPECT and PET has become a major part of nuclear cardiology practice. Current software tools can automatically segment the left ventricle, quantify function, establish myocardial perfusion maps and estimate global and local measures of stress/rest perfusion – all with minimal user input. State-of-the-art automated techniques have been shown to offer high diagnostic accuracy for detecting coronary artery disease, as well as predict prognostic outcomes. This chapter briefly reviews these techniques, highlights several challenges and discusses the latest developments. PMID:26590779

  5. Cell Biology Approaches to Studying Prion Diseases.

    PubMed

    Priola, Suzette A

    2017-01-01

    During the course of prion infection, the normally soluble and protease-sensitive mammalian prion protein (PrP C ) is refolded into an insoluble, partially protease-resistant, and infectious form called PrP Sc . The conformational conversion of PrP C to PrP Sc is a critical event during prion infection and is essential for the production of prion infectivity. This chapter briefly summarizes the ways in which cell biological approaches have enhanced our understanding of how PrP contributes to different aspects of prion pathogenesis.

  6. Alternative Models for the Co-operative Governance of Teacher Education Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sagan, Edgar L.; Smith, Barbara G.

    This paper reviews and criticizes existing models of governance of teacher education and proposes alternative ones. Chapter I defines three models of governance including a) a bureaucratic model; b) a collaborative model; and c) a systems analysis model which is used to plan new models in the final chapters. Chapter II deals with the current…

  7. Evaluating the Impact of School Nutrition and Physical Activity Policies on Child Health

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fernandes, Meenakshi M.

    2009-01-01

    This dissertation evaluates the impact of elementary school policies on child health behaviors and obesity in the United States. Two chapters address nutrition policies, two chapters address physical activity policies, and a final chapter estimates the health care cost savings associated with a decline in childhood obesity prevalence. The use of…

  8. Evaluating the Impacts of School Nutrition and Physical Activity Policies on Child Health. PRGS Dissertation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fernandes, Meenakshi Maria

    2010-01-01

    This dissertation evaluates the impact of elementary school policies on child health behaviors and obesity in the United States. Two chapters address nutrition policies, two chapters address physical activity policies, and a final chapter estimates the health care cost savings associated with a decline in childhood obesity prevalence. The use of…

  9. Improving the Current DHS Capabilities Framework

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-09-01

    80 4. Pros and Cons .....................................................................................80 5. Performance Measurement... pros and cons . The chapter also provides a graphic of the proposed framework. • Chapter V – “The Road Ahead.” This chapter discovers and suggests...wheels, tires, tire pattern, tire width, and height to complement achieving the outcome. Finally, Jim considered the pros and cons of his new

  10. 47 CFR 0.314 - Additional authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... medical (ISM) equipment, as provided in § 18.115 of this chapter. (f) Act on requests for permission to resume operation of ISM equipment on a temporary basis, as provided by § 18.115 of this chapter, and requests for extensions of time within which to file final reports, as provided by § 18.117 of this chapter...

  11. 47 CFR 0.314 - Additional authority delegated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... medical (ISM) equipment, as provided in § 18.115 of this chapter. (f) Act on requests for permission to resume operation of ISM equipment on a temporary basis, as provided by § 18.115 of this chapter, and requests for extensions of time within which to file final reports, as provided by § 18.117 of this chapter...

  12. Preventing Sexual Abuse of Children in the Twenty-First Century: Preparing for Challenges and Opportunities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wurtele, Sandy K.

    2009-01-01

    Child sexual abuse is a widespread social problem that negatively affects victims, families, communities, and society. This article briefly describes the scope and consequences of child sexual abuse and briefly critiques child-focused personal safety educational programs designed to prevent sexual victimization. The final section offers…

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bauza, Oriol Salto

    This Ph.D. thesis presents the measurement of inclusive jet cross sections in Z/γ*→ e +e - events using 1.7 fb -1 of data collected by the upgraded CDF detector during the Run II of the Tevatron. The Midpoint cone algorithm is used to search for jets in the events after identifying the presence of a Z/γ* boson through the reconstruction of its decay products. The measurements are compared to next-to-LO (NLO) pQCD predictions for events with one and two jets in the final state. The perturbative predictions are corrected for the contributions of non-perturbative processes, like the underlying event andmore » the fragmentation of the partons into jets of hadrons. These processes are not described by perturbation theory and must be estimated from phenomenological models. In this thesis, a number of measurements are performed to test different models of underlying event and hadronization implemented in LO plus parton shower Monte Carlo generator programs. Chapter 2 is devoted to the description of the theory of strong interactions and jet phenomenology at hadron colliders. Chapter 3 contains the description of the Tevatron collider and the CDF detector. The analysis is described in detail in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 shows the measurement of those observables sensitive to non-perturbative effects compared to the predictions from several Monte Carlo programs. Chapter 6 discusses the final results and the comparison with theoretical expectations. Finally, Chapter 7 is devoted to the conclusions.« less

  14. Stress psychobiology in the context of addiction medicine: from drugs of abuse to behavioral addictions.

    PubMed

    Lemieux, Andrine; al'Absi, Mustafa

    2016-01-01

    In this chapter, we briefly review the basic biology of psychological stress and the stress response. We propose that psychological stress and the neurobiology of the stress response play in substance use initiation, maintenance, and relapse. The proposed mechanisms for this include, on the one hand, the complex interactions between biological mediators of the stress response and the dopaminergic reward system and, on the other hand, mediators of the stress response and other systems crucial in moderating key addiction-related behaviors such as endogenous opioids, the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system, and endocannabinoids. Exciting new avenues of study including genomics, sex as a moderator of the stress response, and behavioral addictions (gambling, hypersexuality, dysfunctional internet use, and food as an addictive substance) are also briefly presented within the context of stress as a moderator of the addictive process. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Machine Learning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hoffmann, Achim; Mahidadia, Ashesh

    The purpose of this chapter is to present fundamental ideas and techniques of machine learning suitable for the field of this book, i.e., for automated scientific discovery. The chapter focuses on those symbolic machine learning methods, which produce results that are suitable to be interpreted and understood by humans. This is particularly important in the context of automated scientific discovery as the scientific theories to be produced by machines are usually meant to be interpreted by humans. This chapter contains some of the most influential ideas and concepts in machine learning research to give the reader a basic insight into the field. After the introduction in Sect. 1, general ideas of how learning problems can be framed are given in Sect. 2. The section provides useful perspectives to better understand what learning algorithms actually do. Section 3 presents the Version space model which is an early learning algorithm as well as a conceptual framework, that provides important insight into the general mechanisms behind most learning algorithms. In section 4, a family of learning algorithms, the AQ family for learning classification rules is presented. The AQ family belongs to the early approaches in machine learning. The next, Sect. 5 presents the basic principles of decision tree learners. Decision tree learners belong to the most influential class of inductive learning algorithms today. Finally, a more recent group of learning systems are presented in Sect. 6, which learn relational concepts within the framework of logic programming. This is a particularly interesting group of learning systems since the framework allows also to incorporate background knowledge which may assist in generalisation. Section 7 discusses Association Rules - a technique that comes from the related field of Data mining. Section 8 presents the basic idea of the Naive Bayesian Classifier. While this is a very popular learning technique, the learning result is not well suited for human comprehension as it is essentially a large collection of probability values. In Sect. 9, we present a generic method for improving accuracy of a given learner by generatingmultiple classifiers using variations of the training data. While this works well in most cases, the resulting classifiers have significantly increased complexity and, hence, tend to destroy the human readability of the learning result that a single learner may produce. Section 10 contains a summary, mentions briefly other techniques not discussed in this chapter and presents outlook on the potential of machine learning in the future.

  16. [Conditioning mechanisms and psychoneuroimmunology].

    PubMed

    Stockhorst, Ursula; Klosterhalfen, Sibylle

    2005-01-01

    This chapter deals with the role of conditioning principles in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI). We will first describe the paradigms of classical and instrumental conditioning and classify immune parameters that are subject to conditioning (chapter 1). So far, PNI research mainly uses classical (or Pavlovian) conditioning. We will summarize some of the paradigmatic studies, mainly animal studies (chapter 2) and also describe studies that support the clinical relevance of classical conditioning, i. e., in the pharmacological treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplantation and tumor chemotherapy (chapter 3). A study of our group on anticipatory immunomodulation in pediatric cancer patients is reported. Mechanisms mediating conditioned immunomodulation are summarized (chapter 4). We also describe studies that analyze the impact of instrumental conditioning contingencies on immune functioning (chapter 5). Finally, research perspectives are summarized (chapter 6).

  17. Understanding Collaborative Leadership in Theory and Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawrence, Randee Lipson

    2017-01-01

    This final chapter provides a synthesis and analysis of the major themes in the previous chapters. Definitions of collaborative leadership are explored along with theoretical underpinnings, characteristics, and common themes. Implications for adult education are discussed.

  18. A Process Evaluation of Project Developmental Continuity. Interim Report II, Part B: Recommendations for Measuring Program Impact.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Love, John M.; And Others

    This report presents recommendations for measures to be used in assessing the impact of Project Developmental Continuity (PDC). Chapter I reviews the purpose of the impact study and presents the basic considerations guiding the selection of measures. Chapter II describes the review process that led to the final recommendations. Chapter III…

  19. Leadership Competency Development: A Higher Education Responsibility

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Seemiller, Corey

    2016-01-01

    Moving from why, how, and what, this chapter closes with a focus on how we know the outcomes of leadership education. This final chapter provides an overview of leadership competency development as a critical component of higher education.

  20. 75 FR 16229 - Urbanized Area Formula Program: Notice of Final Circular

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-31

    ... revision. A. Chapter I--Introduction and Background Chapter I of the revised circular is the introductory... comprehensive fleet age and condition statistics are necessary for FTA to estimate fleet condition on a national...

  1. Epidemiology of lyme borreliosis.

    PubMed

    Hubálek, Zdenek

    2009-01-01

    Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most frequent ixodid tick-borne human disease in the world, with an estimated 85,500 patients annually (underlying data presented in this review: Europe 65,500, North America 16,500, Asia 3,500, North Africa 10; approximate figures). This chapter summarizes the up-to-date knowledge about facts and factors important in the epidemiology of LB all over the world. Individual sections briefly describe geographic (latitudinal and altitudinal) distribution and incidence rates of LB in individual countries; seasonal distribution of the disease; effects of patients' age, sex, and profession; comparison of urban versus rural settings; weather-related effects on LB incidence; risk factors for LB acquisition by humans; and risk assessment. This chapter finishes by recommending a more thorough epidemiological surveillance for LB, including morbidity notification in some additional countries where it has not yet been fully implemented. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  2. Biodiversity, Life History, and Conservation of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans.

    PubMed

    Ebert, David A; Bigman, Jennifer S; Lawson, Julia M

    The sharks, batoids, and chimaeras, collectively the class Chondrichthyes, are one of the most successful groups of fishes, with over 1250 species globally. Recent taxonomic revisions have increased their diversity by about 20% over the past 17 years (2000-2016). The Northeast Pacific Ocean is one of the top 20 most diverse regions/countries on the globe with 77 chondrichthyan species, a number less than a quarter that of the most species-rich area (Australia) but that has increased by 10% since 2000 to include three new species (two skates and a chimaera). In this chapter we discuss the species richness of chondrichthyans occurring in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, characterize their life histories, briefly review several fisheries, and summarize the conservation status of those chondrichthyans occurring in the region. Detailed descriptions and evaluations of fisheries can be found in Chapter 7 of AMB Volume 78. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Einstein, Bohr, and Bell

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bellac, Michel Le

    2014-11-01

    The final form of quantum physics, in the particular case of wave mechanics, was established in the years 1925-1927 by Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Born and others, but the synthesis was the work of Bohr who gave an epistemological interpretation of all the technicalities built up over those years; this interpretation will be examined briefly in Chapter 10. Although Einstein acknowledged the success of quantum mechanics in atomic, molecular and solid state physics, he disagreed deeply with Bohr's interpretation. For many years, he tried to find flaws in the formulation of quantum theory as it had been more or less accepted by a large majority of physicists, but his objections were brushed away by Bohr. However, in an article published in 1935 with Podolsky and Rosen, universally known under the acronym EPR, Einstein thought he had identified a difficulty in the by then standard interpretation. Bohr's obscure, and in part beyond the point, answer showed that Einstein had hit a sensitive target. Nevertheless, until 1964, the so-called Bohr-Einstein debate stayed uniquely on a philosophical level, and it was actually forgotten by most physicists, as the few of them aware of it thought it had no practical implication. In 1964, the Northern Irish physicist John Bell realized that the assumptions contained in the EPR article could be tested experimentally. These assumptions led to inequalities, the Bell inequalities, which were in contradiction with quantum mechanical predictions: as we shall see later on, it is extremely likely that the assumptions of the EPR article are not consistent with experiment, which, on the contrary, vindicates the predictions of quantum physics. In Section 3.2, the origin of Bell's inequalities will be explained with an intuitive example, then they will be compared with the predictions of quantum theory in Section 3.3, and finally their experimental status will be reviewed in Section 3.4. The debate between Bohr and Einstein goes much beyond a simple controversy, which is after all almost eighty years old and has been settled today. In fact, the concept introduced in this debate, that of entanglement, lies at the heart of many very important developments of modern quantum physics, in particular all those linked to quantum information (Chapter 8). Moreover, we shall see that the phenomenon of non-local correlations compels us to revise in depth our space-time representation of quantum processes. These are the two reasons why a whole chapter is devoted to this debate.

  4. Occupational ergonomics and injury prevention.

    PubMed

    Stobbe, T J

    1996-01-01

    Ergonomics is the study of people at work. The current focus is on the prevention of work-induced musculoskeletal injuries through the application of sound ergonomic principles. This chapter has briefly outlined ergonomics and its history, has described low back pain and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders from an ergonomic perspective, and has discussed control and prevention approaches for a few scenarios. Ergonomic principles are based on a combination of science and engineering and a thorough understanding of human capabilities and limitations. When these principles are applied to the design of a job, task, process, or procedure, the incidence and severity of musculoskeletal injuries decrease. In many cases productivity and morale also improve. Workers are spared suffering, and employers are spared costs. It is hoped that this discussion will encourage more health, safety, and business professionals to learn about and apply ergonomics in their workplaces for the improvement of the worker, product, and business. Finally, many additional epidemiologic studies on the individual and joint effects of the CTD risk factors are needed. The knowledge gained from these studies will promote the more effective application of ergonomic principles to reduce worker suffering, improve products, and reduce costs.

  5. The Beginnings of Australian Radio Astronomy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sullivan, Woodruff T.

    The early stages of Australian radio astronomy, especially the first decade after World War II, are described in detail. These include the transition of the CSIRO Radiophysics Laboratory, under the leadership of Joseph Pawsey and Taffy Bowen, from a wartime laboratory in 1945 to, by 1950, the largest and one of the two most important radio astronomy groups in the world (with the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University). The initial solar investigations are described, including discovery of the hot corona and development of the sea-cliff interferometer. During this same period painstaking `radio star' observations by John Bolton and colleagues led to the first suggested optical identifications of Taurus-A (the Crab Nebula), Centaurus-A (NGC 5128), and Virgo-A (M87). The factors that led to the extraordinary early success of the Radiophysics Laboratory are analyzed in detail, followed by discussion of how the situation changed significantly in the second decade of 1955-1965. Finally, the development of major Australian instruments, from the Parkes Radio Telescope (1961) to the Australia Telescope (1988), is briefly presented. This chapter is a direct reprint of the following research paper: Sullivan, W., 2005. The beginnings of Australian radio astronomy. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 8, 11-32.

  6. Cadmium-accumulating plants.

    PubMed

    Küpper, Hendrik; Leitenmaier, Barbara

    2013-01-01

    Plants are categorized in three groups concerning their uptake of heavy metals: indicator, excluder, and hyperaccumulator plants, which we explain in this chapter, the former two groups briefly and the hyperaccumulators in detail. The ecological role of hyperaccumulation, for example, the prevention of herbivore attacks and a possible substitution of Zn by Cd in an essential enzyme, is discussed. As the mechanisms of cadmium hyperaccumulation are a very interesting and challenging topic and many aspects are studied worldwide, we provide a broad overview over compartmentation strategies, expression and function of metal transporting proteins and the role of ligands for uptake, transport, and storage of cadmium. Hyperaccumulators are not without reason a topic of great interest, they can be used biotechnologically for two main purposes which we discuss here for Cd: phytoremediation, dealing with the cleaning of anthropogenically contaminated soils as well as phytomining, i.e., the use of plants for commercial metal extraction. Finally, the outlook deals with topics for future research in the fields of biochemistry/biophysics, molecular biology, and biotechnology. We discuss which knowledge is still missing to fully understand Cd hyperaccumulation by plants and to use that phenomenon even more successfully for both environmental and economical purposes.

  7. N6-methyladenine: a conserved and dynamic DNA mark

    PubMed Central

    O’Brown, Zach Klapholz; Greer, Eric Lieberman

    2017-01-01

    Chromatin, consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) wrapped around histone proteins, facilitates DNA compaction and allows identical DNA code to confer many different cellular phenotypes. This biological versatility is accomplished in large part by post-translational modifications to histones and chemical modifications to DNA. These modifications direct the cellular machinery to expand or compact specific chromatin regions, and mark regions of the DNA as important for cellular functions. While each of the four bases that make up DNA can be modified (Iyer et al. 2011), this chapter will focus on methylation of the 6th position on adenines (6mA), as this modification has been poorly characterized in recently evolved eukaryotes but shows promise as a new conserved layer of epigenetic regulation. 6mA was previously thought to be restricted to unicellular organisms, but recent work has revealed its presence in more recently evolved metazoa. Here, we will briefly describe the history of 6mA, examine its evolutionary conservation, and evaluate the current methods for detecting 6mA. We will discuss the enzymes that bind and regulate this mark and finally examine known and potential functions of 6mA in eukaryotes. PMID:27826841

  8. Methodology of aniline blue staining of chromatin and the assessment of the associated nuclear and cytoplasmic attributes in human sperm.

    PubMed

    Sati, Leyla; Huszar, Gabor

    2013-01-01

    In this chapter, the laboratory methods for detection of sperm biomarkers that are aimed at identifying arrested sperm development are summarized. These probes include sperm staining with aniline blue for persistent histones, representing a break in the histone-transition protein-protamine sequence, immunocytochemistry with cytoplasmic sperm proteins, highlighting cytoplasmic retention during spermiogenesis, DNA nick translation testing for DNA chain fragmentation due to various reasons, for instance low HspA2 chaperone protein levels, and consequential diminished DNA repair. Finally, we briefly provide references on our work on sperm hyaluronan binding, abnormal Tybergerg sperm morphology, and the increased levels of chromosomal aneuploidies in sperm with developmental arrest. A very interesting aspect of the biomarker field is the discovery (Sati et al, Reprod Biomed Online 16:570-579, 2008) that the various nuclear and cytoplasmic defects detected by the biomarkers are related, and may simultaneously occur within the same spermatozoa as evidenced by a combination of biomarkers, such as aniline blue staining (persistent histones) coupled with cytoplasmic retention, DNA fragmentation, Caspase-3, Tygerberg abnormal morphology, and increased levels of chromosomal aneuploidies. We show examples of this >80% overlap in staining patterns within the same spermatozoa.

  9. Surface and guided waves on structured surfaces and inhomogeneous media

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Polanco, Javier

    Surface and guided waves on structured surfaces and inhomogeneous media studies the propagation of waves in systems with spatially varying parameters. In the rainbow case (chapter 1), the dielectric constant changes with coordinates. In the cylinder case: boundary and the metal (chapter 2), it is a curved surface. Finally, in the last case (chapter 3), the dielectric constant changes in z-direction.

  10. Promising Practices and Programs: Current Efforts and Future Directions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crisp, Gloria

    2016-01-01

    The final chapter of the issue provides a synthesis of the first eight chapters, offers conclusions and recommendations, and considers future directions regarding practices and programs with promise for high impact at community colleges around the country.

  11. BOOK REVIEW: Statistical Mechanics of Turbulent Flows

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cambon, C.

    2004-10-01

    This is a handbook for a computational approach to reacting flows, including background material on statistical mechanics. In this sense, the title is somewhat misleading with respect to other books dedicated to the statistical theory of turbulence (e.g. Monin and Yaglom). In the present book, emphasis is placed on modelling (engineering closures) for computational fluid dynamics. The probabilistic (pdf) approach is applied to the local scalar field, motivated first by the nonlinearity of chemical source terms which appear in the transport equations of reacting species. The probabilistic and stochastic approaches are also used for the velocity field and particle position; nevertheless they are essentially limited to Lagrangian models for a local vector, with only single-point statistics, as for the scalar. Accordingly, conventional techniques, such as single-point closures for RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) and subgrid-scale models for LES (large-eddy simulations), are described and in some cases reformulated using underlying Langevin models and filtered pdfs. Even if the theoretical approach to turbulence is not discussed in general, the essentials of probabilistic and stochastic-processes methods are described, with a useful reminder concerning statistics at the molecular level. The book comprises 7 chapters. Chapter 1 briefly states the goals and contents, with a very clear synoptic scheme on page 2. Chapter 2 presents definitions and examples of pdfs and related statistical moments. Chapter 3 deals with stochastic processes, pdf transport equations, from Kramer-Moyal to Fokker-Planck (for Markov processes), and moments equations. Stochastic differential equations are introduced and their relationship to pdfs described. This chapter ends with a discussion of stochastic modelling. The equations of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics are addressed in chapter 4. Classical conservation equations (mass, velocity, internal energy) are derived from their counterparts at the molecular level. In addition, equations are given for multicomponent reacting systems. The chapter ends with miscellaneous topics, including DNS, (idea of) the energy cascade, and RANS. Chapter 5 is devoted to stochastic models for the large scales of turbulence. Langevin-type models for velocity (and particle position) are presented, and their various consequences for second-order single-point corelations (Reynolds stress components, Kolmogorov constant) are discussed. These models are then presented for the scalar. The chapter ends with compressible high-speed flows and various models, ranging from k-epsilon to hybrid RANS-pdf. Stochastic models for small-scale turbulence are addressed in chapter 6. These models are based on the concept of a filter density function (FDF) for the scalar, and a more conventional SGS (sub-grid-scale model) for the velocity in LES. The final chapter, chapter 7, is entitled `The unification of turbulence models' and aims at reconciling large-scale and small-scale modelling. This book offers a timely survey of techniques in modern computational fluid mechanics for turbulent flows with reacting scalars. It should be of interest to engineers, while the discussion of the underlying tools, namely pdfs, stochastic and statistical equations should also be attractive to applied mathematicians and physicists. The book's emphasis on local pdfs and stochastic Langevin models gives a consistent structure to the book and allows the author to cover almost the whole spectrum of practical modelling in turbulent CFD. On the other hand, one might regret that non-local issues are not mentioned explicitly, or even briefly. These problems range from the presence of pressure-strain correlations in the Reynolds stress transport equations to the presence of two-point pdfs in the single-point pdf equation derived from the Navier--Stokes equations. (One may recall that, even without scalar transport, a general closure problem for turbulence statistics results from both non-linearity and non-locality of Navier-Stokes equations, the latter coming from, e.g., the nonlocal relationship of velocity and pressure in the quasi-incompressible case. These two aspects are often intricately linked. It is well known that non-linearity alone is not responsible for the `problem', as evidenced by 1D turbulence without pressure (`Burgulence' from the Burgers equation) and probably 3D (cosmological gas). A local description in terms of pdf for the velocity can resolve the `non-linear' problem, which instead yields an infinite hierarchy of equations in terms of moments. On the other hand, non-locality yields a hierarchy of unclosed equations, with the single-point pdf equation for velocity derived from NS incompressible equations involving a two-point pdf, and so on. The general relationship was given by Lundgren (1967, Phys. Fluids 10 (5), 969-975), with the equation for pdf at n points involving the pdf at n+1 points. The nonlocal problem appears in various statistical models which are not discussed in the book. The simplest example is full RST or ASM models, in which the closure of pressure-strain correlations is pivotal (their counterpart ought to be identified and discussed in equations (5-21) and the following ones). The book does not address more sophisticated non-local approaches, such as two-point (or spectral) non-linear closure theories and models, `rapid distortion theory' for linear regimes, not to mention scaling and intermittency based on two-point structure functions, etc. The book sometimes mixes theoretical modelling and pure empirical relationships, the empirical character coming from the lack of a nonlocal (two-point) approach.) In short, the book is orientated more towards applications than towards turbulence theory; it is written clearly and concisely and should be useful to a large community, interested either in the underlying stochastic formalism or in CFD applications.

  12. A Project to Develop Career Awareness Materials for Special Needs Students. Final Report. Research Series No. 19.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rustan, Jack; And Others

    The report briefly describes a project to develop career orientation materials for special needs students--disadvantaged and educable mentally handicapped (EMH)--at the junior and senior high school levels in North Dakota. The activities involved in selecting the career areas are briefly discussed. By polling various students in different parts of…

  13. The theoretical study of passive and active optical devices via planewave based transfer (scattering) matrix method and other approaches

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhuo, Ye

    2011-01-01

    In this thesis, we theoretically study the electromagnetic wave propagation in several passive and active optical components and devices including 2-D photonic crystals, straight and curved waveguides, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and etc. Several optical designs are also presented like organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells and solar concentrators. The first part of the thesis focuses on theoretical investigation. First, the plane-wave-based transfer (scattering) matrix method (TMM) is briefly described with a short review of photonic crystals and other numerical methods to study them (Chapter 1 and 2). Next TMM, the numerical method itself is investigated in details and developed inmore » advance to deal with more complex optical systems. In chapter 3, TMM is extended in curvilinear coordinates to study curved nanoribbon waveguides. The problem of a curved structure is transformed into an equivalent one of a straight structure with spatially dependent tensors of dielectric constant and magnetic permeability. In chapter 4, a new set of localized basis orbitals are introduced to locally represent electromagnetic field in photonic crystals as alternative to planewave basis. The second part of the thesis focuses on the design of optical devices. First, two examples of TMM applications are given. The first example is the design of metal grating structures as replacements of ITO to enhance the optical absorption in OPV cells (chapter 6). The second one is the design of the same structure as above to enhance the light extraction of OLEDs (chapter 7). Next, two design examples by ray tracing method are given, including applying a microlens array to enhance the light extraction of OLEDs (chapter 5) and an all-angle wide-wavelength design of solar concentrator (chapter 8). In summary, this dissertation has extended TMM which makes it capable of treating complex optical systems. Several optical designs by TMM and ray tracing method are also given as a full complement of this work.« less

  14. Chapter 15: Reliability of Wind Turbines

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sheng, Shuangwen; O'Connor, Ryan

    The global wind industry has witnessed exciting developments in recent years. The future will be even brighter with further reductions in capital and operation and maintenance costs, which can be accomplished with improved turbine reliability, especially when turbines are installed offshore. One opportunity for the industry to improve wind turbine reliability is through the exploration of reliability engineering life data analysis based on readily available data or maintenance records collected at typical wind plants. If adopted and conducted appropriately, these analyses can quickly save operation and maintenance costs in a potentially impactful manner. This chapter discusses wind turbine reliability bymore » highlighting the methodology of reliability engineering life data analysis. It first briefly discusses fundamentals for wind turbine reliability and the current industry status. Then, the reliability engineering method for life analysis, including data collection, model development, and forecasting, is presented in detail and illustrated through two case studies. The chapter concludes with some remarks on potential opportunities to improve wind turbine reliability. An owner and operator's perspective is taken and mechanical components are used to exemplify the potential benefits of reliability engineering analysis to improve wind turbine reliability and availability.« less

  15. A Critical Analysis of Global Competition in Higher Education: Synthesizing Themes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Portnoi, Laura M.; Bagley, Sylvia S.

    2014-01-01

    In this final chapter of the volume, the editors synthesize key themes that emerge from the preceding chapters. They also highlight the contributions the authors make through emphasizing critical perspectives and the tension between global and local forces.

  16. Nutritional Supplements to Enhance Recovery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ziegenfuss, Tim N.; Landis, Jamie; Greenwood, Mike

    The ability to recover from intense exercise often separates good athletes from great ones. In the past, "recovery" often simply included rest, physical modalities (e.g., massage, hydration therapy) and meeting basic nutritional needs for fluid and energy intake. Today, athletes have a number of additional options to help them recover from high intensity training, one of which includes the judicious use of dietary supplements. This chapter briefly reviews nutritional strategies that have a strong theoretical background for enhancing rehydration/electrolyte balance, replenishing energy reserves, minimizing oxidative damage, and stimulating muscle repair.

  17. A Comparative Study of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function of Several Surfaces as a Mid-wave Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Standard

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-01

    it for the symbology used in this document before reading this chapter. 2.1 BRDF Development In this section, the BRDF will first be briefly be...geometric occlusion term, which was de- picted in Figure 6. This term in the Cook-Torrance model describes the shadowing and masking effects, and is...where the min() function selects the least of the arguments. The first term in the minimum function is where no occlusion of any kind is occurring

  18. Lagrangian methods in nonlinear plasma wave interaction

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Crawford, F. W.

    1980-01-01

    Analysis of nonlinear plasma wave interactions is usually very complicated, and simplifying mathematical approaches are highly desirable. The application of averaged-Lagrangian methods offers a considerable reduction in effort, with improved insight into synchronism and conservation (Manley-Rowe) relations. This chapter indicates how suitable Lagrangian densities have been defined, expanded, and manipulated to describe nonlinear wave-wave and wave-particle interactions in the microscopic, macroscopic and cold plasma models. Recently, further simplifications have been introduced by the use of techniques derived from Lie algebra. These and likely future developments are reviewed briefly.

  19. Guide to the Correct Use of Filoviral Nomenclature.

    PubMed

    Kuhn, Jens H

    2017-01-01

    The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) currently recognizes three genera and seven species as part of the mononegaviral family Filoviridae. Eight distinct filoviruses (Bundibugyo virus, Ebola virus, Lloviu virus, Marburg virus, Ravn virus, Reston virus, Sudan virus, and Taï Forest virus) have been assigned to these seven species. This chapter briefly summarizes the status quo of filovirus classification and focuses on the importance of differentiating between filoviral species and filoviruses and the correct use of taxonomic and vernacular filovirus names and abbreviations in written and oral discourse.

  20. Free Energy and Heat Capacity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kurata, Masaki; Devanathan, Ramaswami

    2015-10-13

    Free energy and heat capacity of actinide elements and compounds are important properties for the evaluation of the safety and reliable performance of nuclear fuel. They are essential inputs for models that describe complex phenomena that govern the behaviour of actinide compounds during nuclear fuel fabrication and irradiation. This chapter introduces various experimental methods to measure free energy and heat capacity to serve as inputs for models and to validate computer simulations. This is followed by a discussion of computer simulation of these properties, and recent simulations of thermophysical properties of nuclear fuel are briefly reviewed.

  1. Lessons from Library Power: Enriching Teaching and Learning. Final Report of the Evaluation of the National Library Power Initiative, an Initiative of the DeWitt Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zweizig, Douglas L.; Hopkins, Dianne McAfee

    This book presents the results of an evaluation of Library Power, an initiative of the DeWitt Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund that provided support for school library development in 19 communities. Following an introductory chapter, the chapters are organized around key questions of the evaluation. Chapters 2 through 4 address the implementation of…

  2. Search Engine Liability for Copyright Infringement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fitzgerald, B.; O'Brien, D.; Fitzgerald, A.

    The chapter provides a broad overview to the topic of search engine liability for copyright infringement. In doing so, the chapter examines some of the key copyright law principles and their application to search engines. The chapter also provides a discussion of some of the most important cases to be decided within the courts of the United States, Australia, China and Europe regarding the liability of search engines for copyright infringement. Finally, the chapter will conclude with some thoughts for reform, including how copyright law can be amended in order to accommodate and realise the great informative power which search engines have to offer society.

  3. Chapter 2 Formula. 1986-87 Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moede, Lauren Hall

    For the 1986-87 school year, the Austin (Texas) Independent School District (AISD) allocated its Education Consolidation Improvement Act (ECIA) Chapter 2 Formula and Carry-over funds to nine desegregation-related programs: (1) Bus Monitors; (2) Extracurricular Transportation; (3) Outdoor Learning; (4) Peer Assistance and Leadership; (5) Project…

  4. 76 FR 39231 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-53; Introduction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-05

    ... National Aeronautics and Space Administration 48 CFR Chapter 1 Federal Acquisition Regulation; Final Rules... ADMINISTRATION 48 CFR Chapter 1 [Docket FAR 2011-0076, Sequence 5] Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-53; Introduction AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DoD), General Services...

  5. 78 FR 17865 - Airworthiness Directives; PILATUS AIRCRAFT LTD. Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-25

    ... TBO were moved from Chapter 5: Time Limits/Maintenance Checks, to Chapter 4: Structural, Component and... Directives; PILATUS AIRCRAFT LTD. Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final... all PILATUS AIRCRAFT LTD. Models PC-12, PC-12/45, and PC-12/47 airplanes. This AD results from...

  6. Graphing with "LogoWriter."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yoder, Sharon K.

    This book discusses four kinds of graphs that are taught in mathematics at the middle school level: pictographs, bar graphs, line graphs, and circle graphs. The chapters on each of these types of graphs contain information such as starting, scaling, drawing, labeling, and finishing the graphs using "LogoWriter." The final chapter of the…

  7. New and Emerging Occupations Project. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Southeast Community Coll., Lincoln, NE.

    This document reports a project to define, identify, and describe new and emerging occupations in Nebraska and disseminate that information to vocational education program and curriculum planners. Chapter 1 describes the background, problem, and purpose of the project. Chapter 2 sets forth the objectives and discusses procedures for developing a…

  8. Prototype Engineered Barrier System Field Test (PEBSFT); Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ramirez, A.L.; Buscheck, T.; Carlson, R.

    1991-08-01

    This final report represents a summary of data and interpretations obtained from the Prototype Engineered Barrier System Field Test (PEBSFT) performed in G-Tunnel within the Nevada Test Site. The PEBSFT was conducted to evaluate the applicability of measurement techniques, numerical models, and procedures developed for future field tests that will be conducted in the Exploratory Studies Facilities (ESF) at Yucca Mountain. The primary objective of the test was to provide a basis for determining whether tests planned for the ESF have the potential to be successful. Chapter 1 on high frequency electromagnetic tomography discusses the rock mass electromagnetic permittivity andmore » attenuation rate changes that were measured to characterize the water distribution in the near field of a simulated waste container. The data are used to obtain quantitative estimates of how the moisture content in the rock mass changes during heating and to infer properties of the spatial variability of water distribution, leading to conclusions about the role of fractures in the system. Chapter 2 discusses the changes in rock moisture content detected by the neutron logging probe. Chapter 3 permeability tests discusses the characterization of the in-situ permeability of the fractured tuff around the borehole. The air permeability testing apparatus, the testing procedures, and the data analysis are presented. Chapter 4 describes the moisture collection system installed in the heater borehole to trap and measure the moisture volumes. Chapter 5 describes relative humidity measurements made with the thermocouple psychrometer and capacitance sensors. Chapter 6 discusses gas pressure measurements in the G-Tunnel, addressing the calibration and installation of piezoresistive-gaged transducers. Chapter 7 describes the calibration and installation of thermocouples for temperature measurements. Chapter 8 discusses the results of the PEBSFT.« less

  9. Filling in the gaps: Illuminating (a) Clearing mechanisms in transitional protoplanetary disks, and (b) Quantitative illiteracy among undergraduate science students

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Follette, Katherine Brutlag

    What processes are responsible for the dispersal of protoplanetary disks? In this dissertation, beginning with a brief Introduction to planet detection, disk dispersal and high-contrast imaging in Chapter 1, I will describe how ground-based adaptive optics (AO) imaging can help to inform these processes. Chapter 2 presents Polarized Differential Imaging (PDI) of the transitional disk SR21 at H-band taken as part of the Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru (SEEDS). These observations were the first to show that transition disk cavities can appear markedly different at different wavelengths. The observation that the sub-mm cavity is absent in NIR scattered light is consistent with grain filtration at a planet-induced gap edge. Chapter 3 presents SEEDS data of the transition disk Oph IRS 48. This highly asymmetrical disk is also most consistent with a planet-induced clearing mechanism. In particular, the images reveal both the disk cavity and a spiral arm/divot that had not been imaged previously. This study demonstrates the power of multiwavelength PDI imaging to verify disk structure and to probe azimuthal variation in grain properties. Chapter 4 presents Magellan visible light adaptive optics imaging of the silhouette disk Orion 218-354. In addition to its technical merits, these observations reveal the surprising fact that this very young disk is optically thin at H-alpha. The simplest explanation for this observation is that significant grain growth has occurred in this disk, which may be responsible for the pre-transitional nature of its SED. Chapter 5 presents brief descriptions of several other works-in-progress that build on my previous work. These include the MagAO Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS), which will probe the inner regions of transition disks at unprecedented resolution in search of young planets in the process of formation. Chapters 6-8 represent my educational research in quantitative literacy, beginning with an introduction to the literature and study motivation in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 describes the development and validation of the Quantitative Reasoning for College Science (QuaRCS) Assessment instrument. Chapter 8 briefly describes the next steps for Phase II of the QuaRCS study.

  10. Safe and Affordable Drinking Water for Developing Countries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gadgil, Ashok

    2008-09-01

    Safe drinking water remains inaccessible for about 1.2 billion people in the world, and the hourly toll from biological contamination of drinking water is 200 deaths mostly among children under five years of age. This chapter summarizes the need for safe drinking water, the scale of the global problem, and various methods tried to address it. Then it gives the history and current status of an innovation ("UV Waterworks™") developed to address this major public health challenge. It reviews water disinfection technologies applicable to achieve the desired quality of drinking water in developing countries, and specifically, the limitations overcome by one particular invention: UV Waterworks. It then briefly describes the business model and financing option than is accelerating its implementation for affordable access to safe drinking water to the unserved populations in these countries. Thus this chapter describes not only the innovation in design of a UV water disinfection system, but also innovation in the delivery model for safe drinking water, with potential for long term growth and sustainability.

  11. Relationship of Grain Boundary Structure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 690

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-05-08

    left. (A) 4 of 6 indentation rows showed an increased hardness near the grain boundary relative to the bulk region of ~13.8% (4.43 GPa to 5.04 GPa...Chapter 4 . A discussion of the experimental procedure follows in Chapter 5. Finally, in Chapters 6 and 7, the results and corresponding conclusions... 4 5 6 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Indentation Depth (nm) H ar dn es s (G Pa ) Figure 5.8 – Hardness as a function of indentation depth

  12. The ear: Diagnostic imaging

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vignaud, J.; Jardin, C.; Rosen, L.

    1986-01-01

    This is an English translation of volume 17-1 of Traite de radiodiagnostic and represents a reasonably complete documentation of the diseases of the temporal bone that have imaging manifestations. The book begins with chapters on embryology, anatomy and radiography anatomy; it continues with blood supply and an overview of temporal bone pathology. Subsequent chapters cover malformations, trauma, infections, tumors, postoperative changes, glomus tumors, vertebasilar insufficiency, and facial nerve canal lesions. A final chapter demonstrates and discusses magnetic resonance images of the ear and cerebellopontine angle.

  13. The influence of attention, learning, and motivation on visual search.

    PubMed

    Dodd, Michael D; Flowers, John H

    2012-01-01

    The 59th Annual Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (The Influence of Attention, Learning, and Motivation on Visual Search) took place April 7-8, 2011, on the University of Nebraska-Lincoln campus. The symposium brought together leading scholars who conduct research related to visual search at a variety levels for a series of talks, poster presentations, panel discussions, and numerous additional opportunities for intellectual exchange. The Symposium was also streamed online for the first time in the history of the event, allowing individuals from around the world to view the presentations and submit questions. The present volume is intended to both commemorate the event itself and to allow our speakers additional opportunity to address issues and current research that have since arisen. Each of the speakers (and, in some cases, their graduate students and post docs) has provided a chapter which both summarizes and expands on their original presentations. In this chapter, we sought to a) provide additional context as to how the Symposium came to be, b) discuss why we thought that this was an ideal time to organize a visual search symposium, and c) to briefly address recent trends and potential future directions in the field. We hope you find the volume both enjoyable and informative, and we thank the authors who have contributed a series of engaging chapters.

  14. A brief review of other notable protein detection methods on acrylamide gels.

    PubMed

    Kurien, Biji T; Scofield, R Hal

    2012-01-01

    Several methods have been described to stain proteins analyzed on acrylamide gels. These include ultrasensitive protein detection in one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using a fluorescent product from the fungus Epicoccum nigrum; a fluorescence-based Coomassie Blue protein staining; visualization of proteins in acrylamide gels using ultraviolet illumination; fluorescence visualization of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels using environmentally benign, nonfixative, saline solution; and increasing the sensitivity four- to sixfold for detecting trace proteins in dye or silver stained polyacrylamide gels using polyethylene glycol 6000. All these methods are reviewed briefly in this chapter.

  15. Interior of the Moon

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Weber, Renee C.

    2013-01-01

    A variety of geophysical measurements made from Earth, from spacecraft in orbit around the Moon, and by astronauts on the lunar surface allow us to probe beyond the lunar surface to learn about its interior. Similarly to the Earth, the Moon is thought to consist of a distinct crust, mantle, and core. The crust is globally asymmetric in thickness, the mantle is largely homogeneous, and the core is probably layered, with evidence for molten material. This chapter will review a range of methods used to infer the Moon's internal structure, and briefly discuss the implications for the Moon's formation and evolution.

  16. Introduction: Nipah virus--discovery and origin.

    PubMed

    Chua, Kaw Bing

    2012-01-01

    Until the Nipah outbreak in Malaysia in 1999, knowledge of human infections with the henipaviruses was limited to the small number of cases associated with the emergence of Hendra virus in Australia in 1994. The Nipah outbreak in Malaysia alerted the global public health community to the severe pathogenic potential and widespread distribution of these unique paramyxoviruses. This chapter briefly describes the initial discovery of Nipah virus and the challenges encountered during the initial identification and characterisation of the aetiological agent responsible for the outbreak of febrile encephalitis. The initial attempts to isolate Nipah virus from the bat reservoir host are also described.

  17. Components of Individual Differences in Human Intelligence. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sternberg, Robert J.

    This final report reviews the main theoretical and empirical developments concerning components of individual differences in human intelligence. The report is divided into three main sections. The first briefly reviews alternative approaches to understanding the nature of intelligence. The second provides the proposed componential metatheory, a…

  18. 78 FR 79613 - Final Requirement-Migrant Education Program Consortium Incentive Grant Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-31

    ... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 34 CFR Chapter II [CFDA Number 84.144F] Final Requirement--Migrant Education Program Consortium Incentive Grant Program AGENCY: Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Department of Education. ACTION: Final requirement. SUMMARY: The Assistant Secretary for Elementary and...

  19. Control of Atmospheric Emissions in the Wood Pulping Industry, Volume 3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hendrickson, E. R.; And Others

    Volume 3 contains chapters 9 through 13 of the final report on the control of atmospheric emissions in the wood pulping industry. These chapters deal with the following topics: sampling and analytical techniques; on-going research related to reduction of emissions; research and development recommendations; current industry investment and operating…

  20. Youth Serving the Community: Realistic Public Service Roles for Young Workers. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Child Labor Committee, New York, NY.

    This report on youth employment programs is intended to help prime sponsors and program operators implement innovative youth employment efforts under the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) and the Youth Employment and Demonstration Project Act (YEDPA). The content is in two chapters. Chapter 1 covers the introduction, meeting…

  1. Head Start Impact Study. Technical Report

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Puma, Michael; Bell, Stephen; Cook, Ronna; Heid, Camilla; Shapiro, Gary; Broene, Pam; Jenkins, Frank; Fletcher, Philip; Quinn, Liz; Friedman, Janet; Ciarico, Janet; Rohacek, Monica; Adams, Gina; Spier, Elizabeth

    2010-01-01

    This Technical Report is designed to provide technical detail to support the analysis and findings presented in the "Head Start Impact Study Final Report" (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January 2010). Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Head Start Impact Study and its findings. Chapter 2 provides technical information on the…

  2. Chapter 2 Formula. 1983-84 Final Technical Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Doss, David A.; Davis, Walter E.

    In 1982-83, the Austin (TX) Independent School District chose to use its Chapter 2-Formula funds for two sets of activities: bus monitors and extracurricular transportation for desegregation purposes. This report summarizes the evaluation findings for these two activities, as well as what happened to programs funded under the Emergency School Aid…

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Korte, Andrew R

    This thesis presents efforts to improve the methodology of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) as a method for analysis of metabolites from plant tissue samples. The first chapter consists of a general introduction to the technique of MALDI-MSI, and the sixth and final chapter provides a brief summary and an outlook on future work.

  4. Excellence within Student Affairs: Understanding the Practice of Integrating Academic and Student Affairs

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ozaki, C. Casey; Hornak, Anne M.

    2014-01-01

    In this final chapter, the authors synthesize and draw from chapters across this volume to provide concluding remarks and recommendations. The authors suggest that core to the discussion of excellence of student affairs in community colleges are the concepts of integration and collaboration. As professionals tasked with supporting the student…

  5. 75 FR 10416 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Texas; Revisions to Chapter 116 Which Relate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-08

    ... Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Texas; Revisions to Chapter 116 Which Relate to the Application Review... direct final action to approve revisions to the applicable State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the State... Texas Health and Safety Code, section 382.0566, concerning specific deadlines for review and issuance of...

  6. A Forest Products Technology Program for Washington Community Colleges. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Grotefend, Robert T.

    This report describes a project to develop a forest product technology curriculum that prepares students at the technical level, junior management, to work in the manufacturing of wood and bark into lumber, plywood, particle board, laminates, and pulp chips. Chapter 1 describes project objectives and procedures followed. In chapter 2 the history…

  7. Chapter 6: CPV Tracking and Trackers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Luque-Heredia, Ignacio; Magalhaes, Pedro; Muller, Matthew

    2016-04-15

    This chapter explains the functional requirements of a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) sun tracker. It derives the design specifications of a CPV tracker. The chapter presents taxonomy of trackers describing the most common tracking architectures, based on the number of axes, their relative position, and the foundation and placing of tracking drives. It deals with the structural issues related to tracker design, mainly related to structural flexure and its impact on the system's acceptance angle. The chapter analyzes the auto-calibrated sun tracking control, by describing the state of the art and its development background. It explores the sun tracking accuracy measurementmore » with a practical example. The chapter discusses tracker manufacturing and tracker field works. It reviews survey of different types of tracker designs obtained from different manufacturers. Finally, the chapter deals with IEC62817, the technical standard developed for CPV sun trackers.« less

  8. Overview of the Health and Retirement Study and Introduction to the Special Issue.

    PubMed

    Fisher, Gwenith G; Ryan, Lindsay H

    2018-01-01

    Twenty five years ago, the largest academic behavioral and social science project ever undertaken in the U.S. began: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The HRS is an invaluable publicly available dataset for investigating work, aging, and retirement and informing public policy on these issues. This biennial longitudinal study began in 1992 and has studied more than 43,000 individuals and produced almost 4000 journal articles, dissertations, books, book chapters, and reports to date. The purpose of this special issue of Work, Aging and Retirement is to describe the HRS and highlight relevant research that utilizes this rich and complex dataset. First, we briefly describe the background that led to the development of the HRS. Then we summarize key aspects of the study, including its development, sampling, and methodology. Our review of the content of the survey focuses on the aspects of the study most relevant to research on worker aging and retirement. Next, we identify key strengths and important limitations of the study and provide advice to current and future HRS data users. Finally, we summarize the articles in this Special Issue (all of which use data from the HRS) and how they advance our knowledge and understanding of worker aging and retirement.

  9. I. DEVELOPMENTAL METHODOLOGY AS A CENTRAL SUBDISCIPLINE OF DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE.

    PubMed

    Card, Noel A

    2017-06-01

    This first chapter introduces the main goals of the monograph and previews the remaining chapters. The goals of this monograph are to provide summaries of our current understanding of advanced developmental methodologies, provide information that can advance our understanding of human development, identify shortcomings in our understanding of developmental methodology, and serve as a flagpost for organizing developmental methodology as a subdiscipline within the broader field of developmental science. The remaining chapters in this monograph address issues in design (sampling and big data), longitudinal data analysis, and issues of replication and research accumulation. The final chapter describes the history of developmental methodology, considers how the previous chapters in this monograph fit within this subdiscipline, and offers recommendations for further advancement. © 2017 The Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

  10. A RULE-BASED SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING FINAL COVERS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLS

    EPA Science Inventory

    This chapter examines how rules are used as a knowledge representation formalism in the domain of hazardous waste management. A specific example from this domain involves performance evaluation of final covers used to close hazardous waste landfills. Final cover design and associ...

  11. 20 CFR 222.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... this chapter. Final divorce means a divorce that completely dissolves a marriage and restores the parties to the status of single persons; it is also referred to as an absolute divorce. Finally divorced person means a person whose marriage has been terminated or dissolved by a final divorce. Legal...

  12. 20 CFR 222.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... this chapter. Final divorce means a divorce that completely dissolves a marriage and restores the parties to the status of single persons; it is also referred to as an absolute divorce. Finally divorced person means a person whose marriage has been terminated or dissolved by a final divorce. Legal...

  13. 20 CFR 222.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... this chapter. Final divorce means a divorce that completely dissolves a marriage and restores the parties to the status of single persons; it is also referred to as an absolute divorce. Finally divorced person means a person whose marriage has been terminated or dissolved by a final divorce. Legal...

  14. 20 CFR 222.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... this chapter. Final divorce means a divorce that completely dissolves a marriage and restores the parties to the status of single persons; it is also referred to as an absolute divorce. Finally divorced person means a person whose marriage has been terminated or dissolved by a final divorce. Legal...

  15. Research status of wave energy conversion (WEC) device of raft structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dong, Jianguo; Gao, Jingwei; Tao, Liang; Zheng, Peng

    2017-10-01

    This paper has briefly described the concept of wave energy generation and six typical conversion devices. As for raft structure, detailed analysis is provided from its development process to typical devices. Taking the design process and working principle of Plamis as an example, the general principle of raft structure is briefly described. After that, a variety of raft structure models are introduced. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages, and development trend of raft structure are pointed out.

  16. NASA Handbook for Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dunlop, James D.; Gopalakrishna, M. Rao; Yi, Thomas Y.

    1993-01-01

    Nickel-hydrogen (NiH2) batteries are finding more applications in the aerospace energy storage. Since 1983, NiH2 batteries have become the primary energy storage system used for Geosynchronous-Orbit (GEO) Satellites. The first NASA application for NiH2 batteries was the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Hubble Space Telescope Satellite launched in 1990. The handbook was prepared as a reference book to aid in the application of this technology. That is, to aid in the cell and battery design, procurement, testing, and handling of NiH2 batteries. The design of individual pressure vessel NiH2 cells is covered in Chapter l. LEO and GEO applications and their requirements are discussed in Chapter 2. The design of NiH2 batteries for both GEO and LEO applications is discussed in Chapter 3. Advanced design concepts such as the common pressure vessel and bipolar NiH2 batteries are described in Chapter 4. Performance data are presented in Chapter 5. Storage and handling of the NiH2 cells and batteries are discussed in Chapter 6. Standard test procedures are presented in Chapter 7. Cell and battery procurements are discussed in Chapter 8. Finally, safety procedures are discussed in Chapter 9.

  17. Oliver Heaviside's "Dinner"

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Giorello, Giulio; Sinigaglia, Corrado

    In the following pages we begin, in the first chapter, with a reappraisal of some ideas of Edouard Le Roy about mathematical experience, mainly in relation with the history of complex numbers. In the second chapter we discuss in some detail the i-story, and we draw a comparison between "Imaginary Quantity" and Operational Calculus from the perspective of Heaviside's conceptions of the growth of mathematics. In the third chapter we reconstruct the δ-story, i.e. the Heaviside calculus leading to the constitution of a new mathematical object, the so-called Dirac's δ-function. Finally, in the last chapter, we bring together methodological and historical considerations in order to support Lakatos' idea of quasi-empiricism in mathematics.

  18. Molecular Imaging Probes for Positron Emission Tomography and Optical Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Node and Tumor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qin, Zhengtao

    Molecular imaging is visualizations and measurements of in vivo biological processes at the molecular or cellular level using specific imaging probes. As an emerging technology, biocompatible macromolecular or nanoparticle based targeted imaging probes have gained increasing popularities. Those complexes consist of a carrier, an imaging reporter, and a targeting ligand. The active targeting ability dramatically increases the specificity. And the multivalency effect may further reduce the dose while providing a decent signal. In this thesis, sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and cancer imaging are two research topics. The focus is to develop molecular imaging probes with high specificity and sensitivity, for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and optical imaging. The objective of this thesis is to explore dextran radiopharmaceuticals and porous silicon nanoparticles based molecular imaging agents. Dextran polymers are excellent carriers to deliver imaging reporters or therapeutic agents due to its well established safety profile and oligosaccharide conjugation chemistry. There is also a wide selection of dextran polymers with different lengths. On the other hand, Silicon nanoparticles represent another class of biodegradable materials for imaging and drug delivery. The success in fluorescence lifetime imaging and enhancements of the immune activation potency was briefly discussed. Chapter 1 begins with an overview on current molecular imaging techniques and imaging probes. Chapter 2 presents a near-IR dye conjugated probe, IRDye 800CW-tilmanocept. Fluorophore density was optimized to generate the maximum brightness. It was labeled with 68Ga and 99mTc and in vivo SLN mapping was successfully performed in different animals, such as mice, rabbits, dogs and pigs. With 99mTc labeled IRDye 800CW-tilmanocept, chapter 3 introduces a two-day imaging protocol with a hand-held imager. Chapter 4 proposed a method to dual radiolabel the IRDye 800CW-tilmanocept with both 68Ga and 99mTc. Chapter 5 introduces a 68Ga metal chelating bioorthogonal tetrazine dextran probe for multistep imaging of a colon cancer. Chapter 6 presents the synthesis and in vivo evaluation of a Hepatocellular Carcinoma targeting PET probe 68Ga-Insulin-Dextran. Chapter 7 discusses a novel method to prepare silicon nanoparticles with great yield and size control. The last chapter 8 concludes all probes developed in this thesis and their clinical relevance.

  19. An Overview of CAS Standards: The Role in Self-Assessment and Evaluation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hornak, Anne M.

    2014-01-01

    This chapter explores CAS as a tool for collecting assessment and evaluation data in community college student affairs offices. Details are provided about accessing the self-assessment modules, as well as the resources available to assist colleges with data collection. Finally, the chapter will explore how to use the data to advocate for…

  20. Experiences and Lessons of the School-to-Work/Youth Apprenticeship Demonstration. Research and Evaluation Report Series 97-E.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Employment and Training Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

    This report presents a final assessment of the early implementation of the School-to-Work (STW)/Youth Apprenticeship Demonstration programs and participants. Chapter I describes the evolution of STW policy. Chapter II discusses marketing methods, the student selection process and selection criteria, reasons for student participation, and number…

  1. Research and Development Strategy on Employment-Related Problems of Older Workers. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sheppard, Harold L.; And Others

    The study reported here examines the employment-related problems of older workers and develops a research and development strategy for future federally funded projects. Following an introductory section, the content is in fifteen chapters. The first chapter covers a number of critical policy issues and the second concentrates on job-related…

  2. Using Big (and Critical) Data to Unmask Inequities in Community Colleges

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rios-Aguilar, Cecilia

    2014-01-01

    This chapter presents various definitions of big data and examines some of the assumptions regarding the value and power of big data, especially as it relates to issues of equity in community colleges. Finally, this chapter ends with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges of using big data, critically, for institutional researchers.

  3. What We Have Learned about Class Size Reduction in California. Capstone Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bohrnstedt, George W., Ed.; Stecher, Brian M., Ed.

    This final report on the California Class Size Reduction (CSR) initiative summarizes findings from three earlier reports dating back to 1997. Chapter 1 recaps the history of California's CSR initiative and includes a discussion of what state leaders' expectations were when CSR was passed. The chapter also describes research on class-size reduction…

  4. Risk Factors for Sexual Violence in the Military: An Analysis of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Incidents and Reporting

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-03-01

    53 ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Control Variables by... Statistics for Control Variables by Gender (Random Subsample with Complete Survey) ............................................................30 Table...empirical analysis. Chapter IV describes the summary statistics and results. Finally, Chapter V offers concluding thoughts, study limitations, and

  5. An Evaluation of the Self-Service Approach in One-Stop Career Centers. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    D'Amico, Ronald; Fedrau, Ruth; Kimball, Mary; Midling, Michael; Soukamneuth, Sengsouvanh

    This report presents findings from a study of self-service systems in eight One-Stop Career Centers that were identified as being particularly efficacious or noteworthy for completeness of resources, ease of use, or outreach to special populations. Chapter I describes the study design. Chapter II describes physical facilities. It focuses on the…

  6. Energy Conserving Lifestyles: Final Report to the California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schwartz, Seymour I.

    This report examines the broad topic of energy use and its relationship to lifestyles. The emphasis is on three energy conserving lifestyle models: (1) the rural alternative lifestyle; (2) new towns; and (3) energy conserving subdivisions in existing cities. The first chapter presents an introduction. Chapter two examines the back-to-the-land…

  7. Education Consolidation and Improvement Act--Chapter 1: Final Evaluation Report, Neglected and Delinquent Program.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chamberlain, Ed

    This report recommends that the Neglected and Delinquent (ND) Program of the Columbus (Ohio) Public Schools, funded by the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act Chapter 1, be continued in the 1988-89 school year because the program provides a needed service to pupils in exceptional circumstances. The ND Program is designed to provide…

  8. Modeling and Negotiating Service Quality

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benbernou, Salima; Brandic, Ivona; Cappiello, Cinzia; Carro, Manuel; Comuzzi, Marco; Kertész, Attila; Kritikos, Kyriakos; Parkin, Michael; Pernici, Barbara; Plebani, Pierluigi

    In this chapter the research problems of specifying and negotiating QoS and its corresponding quality documents are analyzed. For this reason, this chapter is separated into two main sections, Section 6.1 and 6.2, with each dedicated to one of the two problems, i.e., QoS specification and negotiation, respectively. Each section has a similar structure: they first introduce the problem and then, in the remaining subsections, review related work. Finally, the chapter ends with Section 6.3, which identifies research gaps and presents potential research challenges in QoS modelling, specification and negotiation.

  9. Implications of Declining Enrolment for the Schools of Ontario. A Statement of Effects and Solutions. Final Report. [Incidences de la Baisse des Effectifs Scolaires sur les Ecoles de l'Ontario. Problemes et Solutions. Rapport Final].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jackson, R. W. B.

    In this final report concerning declining enrollments in Ontario, the problems are defined almost entirely in economic and financial terms, and the solutions expressed in those terms. The first section of the report briefly reviews the essential background, the economic and financial constraints, and finally the demographic facts. The arguments…

  10. Educational Information System for Ontario. Final Report, March 1977-April 1978.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Auster, Ethel; Lawton, Stephen B.

    This final report describing the operation and research of the EISO project, which provides online bibliographic search services to educators of Ontario, briefly summarizes the first and second interim reports. In addition, it discusses users and the uses of EISO information by providing mini-case studies to illustrate quantitative data and…

  11. Digital-Computer Processing of Graphical Data. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Freeman, Herbert

    The final report of a two-year study concerned with the digital-computer processing of graphical data. Five separate investigations carried out under this study are described briefly, and a detailed bibliography, complete with abstracts, is included in which are listed the technical papers and reports published during the period of this program.…

  12. Focus on Statistical Physics Modeling in Economics and Finance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mantegna, Rosario N.; Kertész, János

    2011-02-01

    This focus issue presents a collection of papers on recent results in statistical physics modeling in economics and finance, commonly known as econophysics. We touch briefly on the history of this relatively new multi-disciplinary field, summarize the motivations behind its emergence and try to characterize its specific features. We point out some research aspects that must be improved and briefly discuss the topics the research field is moving toward. Finally, we give a short account of the papers collected in this issue.

  13. Ecological Census Techniques - 2nd Edition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sutherland, Edited By William J.

    2006-08-01

    This is an updated version of the best selling first edition, Ecological Census Techniques, with updating, some new chapters and authors. Almost all ecological and conservation work involves carrying out a census or survey. This practically focussed book describes how to plan a census, the practical details and shows with worked examples how to analyse the results. The first three chapters describe planning, sampling and the basic theory necessary for carrying out a census. In the subsequent chapters international experts describe the appropriate methods for counting plants, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. As many censuses also relate the results to environmental variability, there is a chapter explaining the main methods. Finally, there is a list of the most common mistakes encountered when carrying out a census. Gives worked examples and describes practical details The chapter on research planning provides an approach for planning any research, not just those relating to census techniques Latest edition of a very highly-regarded book. Includes new authors, each chapter has been updated, and additional chapters on sampling and designing research programmes have been added

  14. Research and Development of Tactile Facsimile Reading Aid for the Blind (The Optacon). Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Linvill, John G.

    Presented is a report on the 5-year project to develop the Optacon, an electronic device which allows the blind individual to read ordinary printed matter directly and independently. Chapter (1) provides and introduction and overview of the Optacon Project. Summarized in Chapter (2) is a chronological account of the Optacon Project which traces…

  15. Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Compton, W. David; Benson, Charles D.

    The history of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Skylab program is provided in this three-part book. Part I (chapters 1 to 5) traces the origins of the Skylab concept from its emergence in the period 1962-65 through its evolution into final form in 1969. Part II (chapters 6 to 13) focuses on the period from 1969-73, considering the…

  16. Is Small Finally Becoming Beautiful? Small and Medium-Size Enterprises in the New Economy. IES Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dejonckheere, J.; Ramioul, M.; Van Hootegem, G.

    This report addresses small and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs') role in the changing international division of labor and trade in information service activities. Chapter 2 describes the EMERGENCE project to map and measure eWork. Chapter 3 reviews literature that shows SMEs account for the overwhelming majority of companies and make a crucial…

  17. Financing and Sustaining Mobility Programs in Rural Areas: A Manual. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wallin, Theodore A.; Kidder, Alice

    This manual focuses on the start-up and operation of low-cost transportation in rural areas. A principal focus is the use of volunteers and/or the consolidation of rides through a brokerage program. Chapter One provides an overview of what financial and operating decisions must be made to design a volunteer system. Chapter Two describes easy…

  18. Chemical warfare agents.

    PubMed

    Kuca, Kamil; Pohanka, Miroslav

    2010-01-01

    Chemical warfare agents are compounds of different chemical structures. Simple molecules such as chlorine as well as complex structures such as ricin belong to this group. Nerve agents, vesicants, incapacitating agents, blood agents, lung-damaging agents, riot-control agents and several toxins are among chemical warfare agents. Although the use of these compounds is strictly prohibited, the possible misuse by terrorist groups is a reality nowadays. Owing to this fact, knowledge of the basic properties of these substances is of a high importance. This chapter briefly introduces the separate groups of chemical warfare agents together with their members and the potential therapy that should be applied in case someone is intoxicated by these agents.

  19. Ecology of Yersinia pestis and the Epidemiology of Plague.

    PubMed

    Dubyanskiy, Vladimir M; Yeszhanov, Aidyn B

    2016-01-01

    This chapter summarizes information about the natural foci of plague in the world. We describe the location, main hosts, and vectors of Yersinia pestis. The ecological features of the hosts and vectors of plague are listed, including predators - birds and mammals and their role in the epizootic. The epizootic process in plague and the factors affecting the dynamics of epizootic activity of natural foci of Y. pestis are described in detail. The mathematical models of the epizootic process in plague and predictive models are briefly described. The most comprehensive list of the hosts and vectors of Y. pestis in the world is presented as well.

  20. Spatiotemporal-Thematic Data Processing for the Semantic Web

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hakimpour, Farshad; Aleman-Meza, Boanerges; Perry, Matthew; Sheth, Amit

    This chapter presents practical approaches to data processing in the space, time and theme dimensions using existing Semantic Web technologies. It describes how we obtain geographic and event data from Internet sources and also how we integrate them into an RDF store. We briefly introduce a set of functionalities in space, time and semantics. These functionalities are implemented based on our existing technology for main-memory-based RDF data processing developed at the LSDIS Lab. A number of these functionalities are exposed as REST Web services. We present two sample client-side applications that are developed using a combination of our services with Google Maps service.

  1. Alternative control techniques document: NOx emissions from industrial/commercial/institutional (ICI) boilers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1994-03-01

    Industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) boilers have been identified as a category that emits more than 25 tons of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) per year. This alternative control techniques (ACT) document provides technical information for use by State and local agencies to develop and implement regulatory programs to control NOx emissions from ICI boilers. Additional ACT documents are being developed for other stationary source categories. Chapter 2 summarizes the findings of this study. Chapter 3 presents information on the ICI boiler types, fuels, operation, and industry applications. Chapter 4 discusses NOx formation and uncontrolled NOx emission factors. Chapter 5 coversmore » alternative control techniques and achievable controlled emission levels. Chapter 6 presents the cost and cost effectiveness of each control technique. Chapter 7 describes environmental and energy impacts associated with implementing the NOx control techniques. Finally, Appendices A through G provide the detailed data used in this study to evaluate uncontrolled and controlled emissions and the costs of controls for several retrofit scenarios.« less

  2. Software Safety Analysis of a Flight Guidance System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Butler, Ricky W. (Technical Monitor); Tribble, Alan C.; Miller, Steven P.; Lempia, David L.

    2004-01-01

    This document summarizes the safety analysis performed on a Flight Guidance System (FGS) requirements model. In particular, the safety properties desired of the FGS model are identified and the presence of the safety properties in the model is formally verified. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the entire project, while Chapter 2 gives a brief overview of the problem domain, the nature of accidents, model based development, and the four-variable model. Chapter 3 outlines the approach. Chapter 4 presents the results of the traditional safety analysis techniques and illustrates how the hazardous conditions associated with the system trace into specific safety properties. Chapter 5 presents the results of the formal methods analysis technique model checking that was used to verify the presence of the safety properties in the requirements model. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the main conclusions of the study, first and foremost that model checking is a very effective verification technique to use on discrete models with reasonable state spaces. Additional supporting details are provided in the appendices.

  3. An analysis of temperature-induced errors for an ultrasound distance measuring system. M. S. Thesis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wenger, David Paul

    1991-01-01

    The presentation of research is provided in the following five chapters. Chapter 2 presents the necessary background information and definitions for general work with ultrasound and acoustics. It also discusses the basis for errors in the slant range measurements. Chapter 3 presents a method of problem solution and an analysis of the sensitivity of the equations to slant range measurement errors. It also presents various methods by which the error in the slant range measurements can be reduced to improve overall measurement accuracy. Chapter 4 provides a description of a type of experiment used to test the analytical solution and provides a discussion of its results. Chapter 5 discusses the setup of a prototype collision avoidance system, discusses its accuracy, and demonstrates various methods of improving the accuracy along with the improvements' ramifications. Finally, Chapter 6 provides a summary of the work and a discussion of conclusions drawn from it. Additionally, suggestions for further research are made to improve upon what has been presented here.

  4. Grid sensitivity for aerodynamic optimization and flow analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sadrehaghighi, I.; Tiwari, S. N.

    1993-01-01

    After reviewing relevant literature, it is apparent that one aspect of aerodynamic sensitivity analysis, namely grid sensitivity, has not been investigated extensively. The grid sensitivity algorithms in most of these studies are based on structural design models. Such models, although sufficient for preliminary or conceptional design, are not acceptable for detailed design analysis. Careless grid sensitivity evaluations, would introduce gradient errors within the sensitivity module, therefore, infecting the overall optimization process. Development of an efficient and reliable grid sensitivity module with special emphasis on aerodynamic applications appear essential. The organization of this study is as follows. The physical and geometric representations of a typical model are derived in chapter 2. The grid generation algorithm and boundary grid distribution are developed in chapter 3. Chapter 4 discusses the theoretical formulation and aerodynamic sensitivity equation. The method of solution is provided in chapter 5. The results are presented and discussed in chapter 6. Finally, some concluding remarks are provided in chapter 7.

  5. ORION-II: A True Formation Flying Mission in LEO

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    How, Jonathan P.

    2004-01-01

    The final report for the Orion-II project is taken from Chapter 5 of "CDGPS-Based Relative Navigation for Multiple Spacecraft," a thesis by Megan Mitchell submitted to the MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, June 2004. This chapter begins with a comparison of the simulation architecture for the original and current simulation setups. Next, the changes made to the individual components of the navigation system are described. Finally, tests performed with a Spirent Simulator at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) are discussed. In addition to the development of the testbed components described, a new clean room facility was developed in the Orion Laboratory at MIT.

  6. Estimating abundance: Chapter 27

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Royle, J. Andrew

    2016-01-01

    This chapter provides a non-technical overview of ‘closed population capture–recapture’ models, a class of well-established models that are widely applied in ecology, such as removal sampling, covariate models, and distance sampling. These methods are regularly adopted for studies of reptiles, in order to estimate abundance from counts of marked individuals while accounting for imperfect detection. Thus, the chapter describes some classic closed population models for estimating abundance, with considerations for some recent extensions that provide a spatial context for the estimation of abundance, and therefore density. Finally, the chapter suggests some software for use in data analysis, such as the Windows-based program MARK, and provides an example of estimating abundance and density of reptiles using an artificial cover object survey of Slow Worms (Anguis fragilis).

  7. An Exposure Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (Pbde) (Final)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA announced the availability of the final report, An Exposure Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the exposure of Americans to this class of persistent organic pollutants. Individual chapters in this document ...

  8. 14 CFR 91.611 - Authorization for ferry flight with one engine inoperative.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... chapter but with— (i) The actual steady gradient of the final takeoff climb requirement not less than 1.2... less than the two-engine inoperative trim speed for the actual steady gradient of the final takeoff...

  9. BOOK REVIEW: Nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shafranov, V.

    1998-08-01

    Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics by Dieter Biskamp is a thorough introduction to the physics of the most impressive non-linear phenomena that occur in conducting magnetoplasmas. The basic systems, in which non-trivial dynamic processes are observed, accompanied by changes of geometry of the magnetic field and the effects of energy transformation (magnetic energy into kinetic energy or the opposite effect in magnetic dynamos), are the plasma magnetic confinement systems for nuclear fusion and space plasmas, mainly the solar plasma. A significant number of the examples of the dynamic processes considered are taken from laboratory plasmas, for which an experimental check of the theory is possible. Therefore, though the book is intended for researchers and students interested in both laboratory, including nuclear fusion, and astrophysical plasmas, it is most probably closer to the first category of reader. In the Introduction the author notes that unlike the hydrodynamics of non-conducting fluids, where the phenomena caused by rapid fluid motions are the most interesting, for plasmas in a strong magnetic field the quasi-static configurations inside which the local dynamic processes occur are often the most important. Therefore, the reader will also find in this book rather traditional material on the theory of plasma equilibrium and stability in magnetic fields. In addition, it is notable that, as opposed to a linear theory, the non-linear theory, as a rule, cannot give quite definite explanations or predictions of phenomena, and consequently there are in the book many results obtained by consideration of numerical models with the use of supercomputers. The treatment of non-linear dynamics is preceded by Chapters 2 to 4, in which the basics of MHD theory are presented with an emphasis on the role of integral invariants of the magnetic helicity type, a derivation of the reduced MHD equations is given, together with examples of the exact solutions of the equilibrium equations of a plasma in a magnetic field (which will be used further in models of dynamic processes), approaches to the description of three dimensional (3-D) equilibrium are briefly discussed, and the basis of the theory of linear instabilities and the basic types of MHD instabilities, with account taken of ideal resistive modes, are considered. The value of the material of these chapters is that here in a brief form the results of numerous researches in this area are presented, and frequently with a fresh point of view of old results. Chapters 5 to 10 are devoted to the subject of the book, non-linear magnetohydrodynamics. In the introduction to Chapter 5 the author pays attention to the fact that long standing doubts about the feasibility of magnetic thermonuclear reactors because of inevitable instabilities of non-uniform plasmas have been overcome in the last two decades: the plasma in tokamaks is rather well confined, despite the presence of some instabilities. The latter, as a rule, result only in the redistribution of current and plasma pressure profiles and some increase of transport, but can also lead to extremely undesirable effects. In this connection in Chapter 5 the attention of the reader is directed to the physics of the most important plasma instabilities in tokamaks. Models of the development of external and internal kink modes in tokamaks are considered, including the `vacuum bubble' model in shearless plasmas, the evolution of the resistive tearing mode together with saturation of the magnetic islands arising at a tearing instability. The rather long Chapter 6 is devoted to the fundamentals of the magnetic hydrodynamic dissipative process in the magnetic field line reconnection. This process of rapid dissipation of the energy of a magnetic field, having in the simplest case different directions in two adjacent volumes of plasma, underlies the theory of the phenomenon of powerful flares in the solar chromosphere, resulting in the well-known `magnetic storms' on the earth, and the theory of rather dangerous disruptive instabilities in tokamaks. After a discussion of the Sweet-Parker model of the diffusive current sheet, two models of the ideally conducting plasma flow generating such a sheet are considered in detail: the Petchek slow shock model (1964) and the Syrovatskii current sheet solution (1971). The first, introduced with a hypothesis about the geometry of the current sheet, has been dominant for more than two decades (at least, as the author writes, in the western hemisphere). It has been superseded by (accepted, mainly, in the eastern hemisphere) Syrovatskii's model with an external potential flow, compressing the hyperbolic branches of the magnetic field lines about an X point. This model quite naturally results in the necessity of introducing an extended singular current sheet, which is quite consistent with the later Biskamp numerical simulation (1986). In Chapter 6 the results are presented of 2-D simulations of the formation of a current sheet with details of the edge structure and with repeated generation of plasmoids at the edge, caused by tearing instability. Results on the coalescence of two identical magnetic islands, on the development of a kink island at a tearing instability of a primarily cylindrical plasma and on the generation of plasmoids in a model of the geomagnetic tail are described. At the end of Chapter 6 the topology of a 3-D configuration with a magnetic zero is briefly discussed. Finally, in the last section a way of explaning the explosive development of the reconnection process, based on the hypothesis of the growth of turbulent resistivity at an excess of the threshold value of current density is presented. In Chapter 7 which covers MHD turbulence the classical spectral approach to the description of the turbulence of ideal non-dissipative systems is presented. The dynamically important invariants, which are quadratic in the magnetic and velocity fields, are introduced: the total energy, the magnetic helicity, the cross-helicity. Then it is shown how the corresponding spectral functions are deduced from the Gibbs distribution. The processes of self-organization are considered, which are connected with the selective dissipation rates of the ideal invariants. The best known example is the process of turbulent relaxation of energy at conservation of magnetic helicity, resulting in the alignment of the vectors j and B (j = μB, μ = const). Examples of numerical calculations of turbulence structure are presented. An important connection in dynamo theory (generation and maintenance of a magnetic field) between the electric field, generated along the basic magnetic field, with averaged helicity (α effect), and the Alfvén effect on turbulence (asymptotic approach of a velocity field to a field of Alfvén velocity; briefly, alignment of the vectors v and normalized B) is deduced. Furthermore, the spectra of uniform turbulence (the distribution of the energy on the wavenumbers), the Kolmogorov spectrum Ek propto k-5/3 in the usual hydrodynamics and the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan spectrum Ek propto k-3/2 in magnetic hydrodynamics are derived, and the turbulent dissipation scales and the intermittence, a property of the structure (the spottiness) of the fully developed turbulence when the dissipative processes are concentrated in narrow layers of complicated form, are considered. At the end of this chapter a picture of the turbulent convection of a weak magnetic field, when it is possible to neglect the Lorentz force, is presented. The subsequent three chapters of the book are devoted to the description of plasma dynamic processes in tokamaks, in reversed field pinches and in solar flares. This is a good opportunity for a detailed study of MHD processes in plasmas, as is described in detail in Chapter 8, for tokamaks. Here the three main dynamic phenomena observed in these installations are considered in detail: (a) Relaxation sawtooth oscillations of the electron temperature in the central region of the plasma column (internal disruptions), (b) The most dangerous major disruptions, (c) The edge localized mode (ELM). The author analyses in detail the Kadomtsev reconnection model of the sawtooth collapse, as a basis for understanding all the different relaxation processes in tokamaks. He pays attention to the explanation of the difference between the Kadomtsev reconnection model of sawtooth collapse and the observed partial reconnection with a non-flat final q(r) profile inside the magnetic surface q = 1. Considering major disruptions he gives a clear qualitative picture of this threatening phenomenon, beginning with the shrinking of the temperature and current density profiles, followed by the (m, n) = (2,1) tearing mode instability and ending with multihelicity tearing instabilities leading to stochastic field lines and small scale turbulent processes. In connection with the ELMs observed after the L-H transition, the author explains initially the nature of the improved `high confinement' regime (H mode) developed from the `low confinement' regime (L mode) when the input power exceeds a threshold level at appropriate boundary conditions. The ELMs are considered as `a relaxation of the steep pressure gradient at the plasma edge' due to ballooning instability. The characteristic features of the giant ELMs (type 1) occurring at high plasma heating power and of the faster type III ELMs, which were the first to be observed, are presented in lucid form. At the end of Chapter 8, in Table 8.1, the main MHD properties of the disruptive processes in tokamak plasmas are summarized. In Chapter 9, the dynamical processes in toroidal pinches with stabilization of large scale perturbations by a weak (mainly internal) toroidal magnetic field, having the reverse direction to the current channel, are considered. In this system 3-D turbulence redistributes the total flux, conserved owing to the metallic wall in accordance with Taylor's theory, to satisfy the above mentioned alignment of the vectors j and B. The details of this remarkable process are described. The final chapter is devoted to solar flares, which are as the author says `probably, the most spectacular eruptive events in cosmic plasmas'. This chapter describes in detail the structure of the solar convection zone and the solar atmosphere, considers the formation of the rope-like structure of the magnetic field and the thick flux tubes displayed as sunspots, as well as the buoyancy of the flux tubes and different models of the MHD processes leading to solar flares. In summary, the reviewed book is rich in content, reflecting the important issues of striking phenomena such as solar flares, the, quite dangerous for plasma confinement, major disruptions in tokamaks and the, conversely quite favourable for plasma confinement, non-linear process of L-H transition in tokamaks and continuous turbulent generation and maintenance of stabilizing toroidal magnetic fields in reversed field pinches, as well as other interesting MHD processes. The analysis of these very complicated phenomena is based on non-elementary mathematics. This could make it difficult for non-theoreticians to read some parts of the book. However, as for an explanation of the physics of the phenomena, the author achieves this in a rather simple manner: briefly, and with the minimal number of necessary formulas. This is done strictly without oversimplifications. This makes the book useful to both theoreticians and experimenters who wish to learn about non-linear processes such as disruptions and plasma self-organization.

  10. The Use of Natural Supports To Increase Integration in Supported Employment Settings for Youth in Transition. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Storey, Keith

    This final report briefly describes activities of a project which developed and evaluated specific natural support intervention procedures to increase the social integration of employees with severe disabilities using single-subject, clique analysis, and social validation methodologies. The project resulted in the publication of 6 journal articles…

  11. The Elder Abuse Prevention Project, Phase Two, Three and Four. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Regina Univ. (Saskatchewan). Univ. Extension. Seniors Education Centre.

    This document presents the final report from an educational and community development program designed to raise awareness about the abuse and neglect of the elderly. The Elder Abuse Prevention Project is briefly described in terms of project goals, objectives, the model used, the target groups served, and the evaluation processes employed. It is…

  12. Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy of Multiconformational Molecules and Van Der Waals Complexes.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hight Walker, Angela Renee

    1995-01-01

    With the use of a Fourier transform microwave (FTM) spectrometer, structural determinations of two types of species; multiconformational molecules and van der Waals complexes, have been performed. Presented in this thesis are three sections summarizing this research effort. The first section contains a detailed explanation of the FTM instrument. In Section II, the study of three multiconformational molecules is presented as two chapters. Finally, three chapters in Section III outline the work still in progress on many van der Waals complexes. Section I was written to be a "manual" for the FTM spectrometer and to aid new additions to the group in their understanding of the instrument. An instruction guide is necessary for home-built instruments such as this one due to their unique design and application. Vital techniques and theories are discussed and machine operation is outlined. A brief explanation of general microwave spectroscopy as performed on an FTM spectrometer is also given. Section II is composed of two chapters pertaining to multiconformational molecules. In Chapter 2, a complete structural analysis of dipropyl ether is reported. The only conformer assigned had C_{rm s} symmetry. Many transitions are yet unassigned. Chapter 3 summarizes an investigation of two nitrosamines; methyl ethyl and methyl propyl nitrosamine. Only one conformer was observed for methyl ethyl nitrosamine, but two were assigned to methyl propyl nitrosamine. Nuclear hyperfine structure and internal methyl rotation complicated the spectra. The final section, Section III, contains the ongoing progress on weakly bound van der Waals complexes. The analysis of the OCS--HBr complex identified the structure as quasi-linear with large amplitude bending motions. Five separate isotopomers were assigned. Transitions originating from the HBr--DBr complex were measured and presented in Chapter 5. Although early in the analysis, the structure was determined to be bent and deuterium bonded. The final chapter of this section is meant to be a permanent record of transition frequencies whose molecular carrier is still in question. Two different groups of transitions from two different samples are listed. Further work is needed to unambiguously assign the frequencies with a carrier and quantum numbers, however the complexes (H_2 O)--(HCl)_2 and NO--H _2O are considered possible suspects.

  13. Application of flow cytometry to wine microorganisms.

    PubMed

    Longin, Cédric; Petitgonnet, Clément; Guilloux-Benatier, Michèle; Rousseaux, Sandrine; Alexandre, Hervé

    2017-04-01

    Flow cytometry (FCM) is a powerful technique allowing detection and enumeration of microbial populations in food and during food process. Thanks to the fluorescent dyes used and specific probes, FCM provides information about cell physiological state and allows enumeration of a microorganism in a mixed culture. Thus, this technique is increasingly used to quantify pathogen, spoilage microorganisms and microorganisms of interest. Since one decade, FCM applications to the wine field increase greatly to determine population and physiological state of microorganisms performing alcoholic and malolactic fermentations. Wine spoilage microorganisms were also studied. In this review we briefly describe FCM principles. Next, a deep revision concerning enumeration of wine microorganisms by FCM is presented including the fluorescent dyes used and techniques allowing a yeast and bacteria species specific enumeration. Then, the last chapter is dedicated to fluorescent dyes which are used to date in fluorescent microscopy but applicable in FCM. This chapter also describes other interesting "future" techniques which could be applied to study the wine microorganisms. Thus, this review seeks to highlight the main advantages of the flow cytometry applied to wine microbiology. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. A brief survey of constrained mechanics and variational problems in terms of differential forms

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hermann, Robert

    1994-01-01

    There has been considerable interest recently in constrained mechanics and variational problems. This is in part due to applied interests (such as 'non-holonomic mechanics in robotics') and in other part due to the fact that several schools of 'pure' mathematics have found that this classical subject is of importance for what they are trying to do. I have made various attempts at developing these subjects since my Lincoln lab days of the late 1950's. In this Chapter, I will sketch a Unified point of view, using Cartan's approach with differential forms. This has the advantage from the C-O-R viewpoint being developed in this Volume that the extension from 'smooth' to 'generalized' data is very systematic and algebraic. (I will only deal with the 'smooth' point of view in this Chapter; I will develop the 'generalized function' material at a later point.) The material presented briefly here about Variational Calculus and Constrained Mechanics can be found in more detail in my books, 'Differential Geometry and the Calculus of Variations', 'Lie Algebras and Quantum Mechanics', and 'Geometry, Physics and Systems'.

  15. Whole cow's milk in early life.

    PubMed

    Thorsdottir, Inga; Thorisdottir, Asa V

    2011-01-01

    Cow's milk is a major food for young children. Whole cow's milk is known to be detrimental to infants, mainly due to its low iron content. The negative association with iron status led to recommending the introduction of formula feeding in infancy during the weaning period or when breastfeeding ceased. More recently, the literature suggests that consuming whole cow's milk in infancy has unfortunate effects on growth, especially weight acceleration and development of overweight in childhood. These issues are discussed in the following chapter. Other suggested reasons for the avoidance of whole cow's milk in infancy are touched upon, such as milk protein allergy and high renal solute load. The hypothesis about early cow's milk introduction in the pathology of certain diseases, mainly through the peptide β-casomorphin-7, is briefly reviewed, showing that there is no clear evidence for the suggested associations. The chapter gives a recent example of introducing formula at 6 months of age instead of whole cow's milk in infants' diet in Iceland. Several aspects of consuming whole cow's milk in infancy can be found in recent reviews. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  16. Biomass Supply Logistics and Infrastructure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sokhansanj, Shahabaddine

    2009-04-01

    Feedstock supply system encompasses numerous unit operations necessary to move lignocellulosic feedstock from the place where it is produced (in the field or on the stump) to the start of the conversion process (reactor throat) of the Biorefinery. These unit operations, which include collection, storage, preprocessing, handling, and transportation, represent one of the largest technical and logistics challenges to the emerging lignocellulosic biorefining industry. This chapter briefly reviews methods of estimating the quantities of biomass followed by harvesting and collection processes based on current practices on handling wet and dry forage materials. Storage and queuing are used to deal withmore » seasonal harvest times, variable yields, and delivery schedules. Preprocessing can be as simple as grinding and formatting the biomass for increased bulk density or improved conversion efficiency, or it can be as complex as improving feedstock quality through fractionation, tissue separation, drying, blending, and densification. Handling and Transportation consists of using a variety of transport equipment (truck, train, ship) for moving the biomass from one point to another. The chapter also provides typical cost figures for harvest and processing of biomass.« less

  17. Biomass supply logistics and infrastructure.

    PubMed

    Sokhansanj, Shahabaddine; Hess, J Richard

    2009-01-01

    Feedstock supply system encompasses numerous unit operations necessary to move lignocellulosic feedstock from the place where it is produced (in the field or on the stump) to the start of the conversion process (reactor throat) of the biorefinery. These unit operations, which include collection, storage, preprocessing, handling, and transportation, represent one of the largest technical and logistics challenges to the emerging lignocellulosic biorefining industry. This chapter briefly reviews the methods of estimating the quantities of biomass, followed by harvesting and collection processes based on current practices on handling wet and dry forage materials. Storage and queuing are used to deal with seasonal harvest times, variable yields, and delivery schedules. Preprocessing can be as simple as grinding and formatting the biomass for increased bulk density or improved conversion efficiency, or it can be as complex as improving feedstock quality through fractionation, tissue separation, drying, blending, and densification. Handling and transportation consists of using a variety of transport equipment (truck, train, ship) for moving the biomass from one point to another. The chapter also provides typical cost figures for harvest and processing of biomass.

  18. Final Report. Research in Theoretical High Energy Physics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Greensite, Jeffrey P.; Golterman, Maarten F.L.

    Grant-supported research in theoretical high-energy physics, conducted in the period 1992-2015 is briefly described, and a full listing of published articles result from those research activities is supplied.

  19. Chapter 07: Species description pages

    Treesearch

    Alex C. Wiedenhoeft

    2011-01-01

    These pages are written to be the final step in the identification process; you will be directed to them by the key in Chapter 6. Each species or group of similar species in the same genus has its own set of pages. The information in the first page describes the characteristics of the wood covered in the manual. The page shows images of similar or confusable woods,...

  20. A Book Club for a Nation, Built Chapter by Chapter. The Big Read. Final Report

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sloan, Kay; Honeyford, Michelle; Bass, Kristin

    2008-01-01

    This report shares the findings from a nineteen-month study of The Big Read, an initiative of the National Endowment for the Arts, in partnership with the Institute of Museum and Library Services and Arts Midwest, designed to restore reading to the center of American culture. Piloted in early 2006 and launched nationwide later that year, The Big…

  1. Attrition/Retention of Urban Special Education Teachers: Multi-Faceted Research and Strategic Action Planning. Final Performance Report, Volume 1. [Chapter Three and Chapter Four].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morvant, Martha; Gersten, Russell

    This paper reports on a study investigating the issues that most significantly influence urban special education teachers' decisions to leave the field voluntarily or transfer to a different type of educational position. First, it presents the results of post-attrition interviews with 17 special educators who left their positions during or…

  2. Development and Validation of Career Development Guidelines by Task/Activity Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Professions: Industrial Hygiene and Safety Professional. Final Report. Technical Report XII.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vernon, Ralph J.; And Others

    This report summarizes research findings which resulted in development of curricula for occupational safety and health professions based on task/activity analyses and related performance objectives. The first seven chapters focus on the seven objectives. Chapter 1, Literature Review and Selection of Employers, concerns tasks required for…

  3. Implementing United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <1163> quality assurance in pharmaceutical compounding, Part 5: Outsourcing and responsible personnel.

    PubMed

    Allen, Loyd V

    2012-01-01

    This final installment of a five-part series relating to United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <1163> provides the pros and cons of outsourcing, an extremely important topic because of the many drug shortages and discontinued drugs being experienced, and provides a brief discussion of the importance of having a responsible employee in charge of the quality-assurance program.

  4. Final Report for Dynamic Models for Causal Analysis of Panel Data. Methods for Temporal Analysis. Part I, Chapter 1.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hannan, Michael T.; Tuma, Nancy Brandon

    This document is part of a series of chapters described in SO 011 759. Working from the premise that temporal analysis is indispensable for the study of change, the document examines major alternatives in research design of this nature. Five sections focus on the features, advantages, and limitations of temporal analysis. Four designs which…

  5. The Promise of Performance. (Competency)-Based Education: An Analytical Review of Literature and Experience. Final Report. SPON;BBB08936

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Joyce, Bruce R.

    This analysis, a review of literature and experience on performance-based education, is divided into nine chapters: chapter one, "The Short Form: Best-Guess Working Hypotheses for Competency-Based Education" (a summary of the frame of reference for this study and the recommendations for performance-based education which resulted from the effort);…

  6. An Assessment of the Nature and Extent of Community and Employee Fitness Programs and Levels of Participation. Final Report. Report No. 9.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bozzo, Robert; And Others

    This report presents an assessment and comparison of the nature and extent of general population, employee, and school fitness programs. Chapter I provides an overview of the research effort and the research questions developed as a framework for delineating issues to be examined. Chapter II identifies the generic approach used to examine the…

  7. Regional Development Impacts Multi-Regional - Multi-Industry Model (MRMI) Users Manual,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-09-01

    indicators, described in Chapter 2, are estimated as well. Finally, MRMI is flexible, as it can incorporate alternative macroeconomic , national inter...national and regional economic contexts and data sources for estimating macroeconomic and direct impacts data. Considerations for ensuring consistency...Chapter 4 is devoted to model execution and the interpretation of its output. As MRMI forecasts are based upon macroeconomic , national inter-industry

  8. BOOK REVIEW: Quantum Physics in One Dimension

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Logan, David

    2004-05-01

    To a casual ostrich the world of quantum physics in one dimension may sound a little one-dimensional, suitable perhaps for those with an unhealthy obsession for the esoteric. Nothing of course could be further from the truth. The field is remarkably rich and broad, and for more than fifty years has thrown up innumerable challenges. Theorists, realising that the role of interactions in 1D is special and that well known paradigms of higher dimensions (Fermi liquid theory for example) no longer apply, took up the challenge of developing new concepts and techniques to understand the undoubted pecularities of one-dimensional systems. And experimentalists have succeeded in turning pipe dreams into reality, producing an impressive and ever increasing array of experimental realizations of 1D systems, from the molecular to the mesoscopic---spin and ladder compounds, organic superconductors, carbon nanotubes, quantum wires, Josephson junction arrays and so on. Many books on the theory of one-dimensional systems are however written by experts for experts, and tend as such to leave the non-specialist a touch bewildered. This is understandable on both fronts, for the underlying theoretical techniques are unquestionably sophisticated and not usually part of standard courses in many-body theory. A brave author it is then who aims to produce a well rounded, if necessarily partial, overview of quantum physics in one dimension, accessible to a beginner yet taking them to the edge of current research, and providing en route a thorough grounding in the fundamental ideas, basic methods and essential phenomenology of the field. It is of course the brave who succeed in this world, and Thierry Giamarchi does just that with this excellent book, written by an expert for the uninitiated. Aimed in particular at graduate students in theoretical condensed matter physics, and assumimg little theoretical background on the part of the reader (well just a little), Giamarchi writes in a refreshingly relaxed style with infectious enthusiasm for his subject, and readily combines formal instruction with physical insight. The result is a serious, pedagogical yet comprehensive guide to the fascinating and important field of one-dimensional quantum systems, for which many a graduate student (and not a few oldies) will be grateful. The first half of the book, chapters 1--5, is devoted to a coherent presentation of the essential concepts and theoretical methods of the field. After a basic introduction to the unique behaviour of interacting electrons in one dimension, and to early fermionic approaches to the problem, Giamarchi turns to the technique of bosonization, introducing chapter 3 with a Marxist quote: `A child of five would understand this. Send for a child of five.' This most powerful technique is presented in a step by step fashion, and serious perusal of the chapter will benefit all ages since bosonization is used extensively throughout the rest of the book. The same is true of chapter 3 where a phenomenological and physically insightful introduction is given to the Luttinger liquid---the key concept in the low-energy physics of one-dimensional systems, analogous to the Fermi liquid in higher dimensions. Chapter 4 deals with what the author calls `refinements', or complications of the sort theorists in particular welcome; such as how the Luttinger liquid description is modified by the presence of long-ranged interactions, the Mott transition (`we forgot the lattice Gromit'), and the effects of breaking spin rotational invariance on application of a magnetic field. Finally chapter 5 describes various microscopic methods for one dimension, including a brief discussion of numerical techniques but focussing primarily on the Bethe ansatz---the famous one-dimensional technique others seek to emulate but whose well known complexity necessitates a relatively brief discussion, confined in practice to the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model. In the second half of the book, chapters 6--11, a range of different physical realizations of one-dimensional quantum physics are discussed. According to taste and interest, these chapters can be read in essentially any order. Spin systems are considered in chapter 6, beginning with spin chains---Jordan--Wigner, the bosonization solution---before moving to frustration, the spin-Peierls transition, and spin ladders; and including experimental examples of both spin chain and ladder materials. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with interacting lattice fermions, the former with single chain problems, notably the Hubbard, t-J and related models; and the latter with coupled fermionic chains, from finite to infinite, including a fulsome discussion of Bechgaard salts (organic conductors) as exemplars of Luttinger liquid behaviour. The effect of disorder in fermionic systems is taken up in chapter 9, and here the reader may react: interacting systems are tough enough, why make life harder? But disorder is always present to some degree in real systems---quantum wires, for example, discussed briefly in the chapter---and its effects particularly acute in one dimension. It simply cannot be avoided, even if the problem of interacting, disordered one-dimensional systems is still a long way off being solved. The penultimate chapter deals with the topical issues of boundaries, isolated impurities and constrictions, with a primary focus on mesoscopic examples of Luttinger liquids, notably carbon nanotubes and edge states in the quantum Hall effect. Finally `significant other' examples of Luttinger liquids, namely interacting one-dimensional bosons, are considered in chapter 11; which concludes with a discussion of bosonization techniques in the context of quantum impurities in Fermi liquids---the x-ray, Kondo and multichannel Kondo problems. The quality of the product attests to the fact that writing this impressive tome was a labour of love for the author. Anyone with a serious interest in getting to grips with one-dimensional quantum systems simply needs the book on their shelves---and will have great fun reading it too.

  9. The role of nuclear physics in supernovae and the evolution of neutron stars Neutrino Opacities, Equation of State, Transport Coefficients, and Dark Matter Production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rrapaj, Ermal

    A massive star, of at least eight solar masses, end their life cycle in a sudden, catastrophic collapse under its own gravity. In a thousandth of a second, it can shrink from thousands of kilometers across to a ball of ultra-condensed matter just a few kilometers across. Ultimately, it all ends in a cataclysmic explosion known as a supernova, and for a few short weeks it burns as brightly as several billion suns, briefly outshining the star's entire home galaxy. The visible light of a supernova, though, represents only about 1% of the released energy, the vast majority being in the form of ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays and, especially neutrinos. In the first chapter of work, I study neutrino - nucleon interactions and their role in the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. Another key ingredient is the equation of state, which relates the thermodynamic properties of these extreme environments to the micro physics of nuclear interactions, explored in the second chapter. As a supernova cools, a new neutron star is born. The thermal, electric properties and the shear viscosity of this object are analyzed in terms of a newly discovered interaction, among electrons and neutrons, in the third chapter. Given the enormous amount of energy released during the explosion, I study the possibility of producing light massive particles, candidates for what is commonly called dark matter, in the last chapter of this work. I find that supernovae are ideal environments where the interplay of all forces in nature can be observed, nuclear forces playing a paramount role.

  10. Steam jet ejectors for the process industries. [Glossary included

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Power, R.B.

    1994-01-01

    Steam jet ejectors were for many years the workhorse of the chemical process industries for producing vacuum. With increasing emphasis on stricter pollution control, their use was curtailed. There are still many applications, however, such as those with large capacity requirements, where ejectors are the only equipment that can produce sufficient vacuum. Chapter 1 is a short overview on how to use the text. Chapter 2 discusses what an ejector is and how it works. How ejector stages work is reviewed in Chapter 3. Engineering calculations for ejector stages is thoroughly discussed in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, contact andmore » surface condensers are reviewed, and calculation procedures are presented. The various types of pressure control are discussed in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 is an excellent review of installation of ejector vacuum systems. The final chapter of Part 2 (Chapters 3--8) thoroughly covers all aspects of operation, testing, troubleshooting and maintenance. Part 3, consisting of two chapters, is devoted to specifying and purchasing steam jet ejectors. Part 4 on other ejector applications and upgrading ejector usage also consists of two chapters. Chapter 11 reviews steam-jet refrigeration, steam-jet and gas-jet compressors, liquid jet eductors, desuperheaters, special design situations, and designing one's own systems. Upgrading of existing ejector procedures and hardware is reviewed in Chapter 12. The 12 appendixes cover: physical properties of common fluids; handy vacuum engineering data and rules of thumb; SI unit conversions; sizing air and steam metering orifices for testing; drill sizes; ejector operating costs and design optimization; forms for ejector calculations, tests, and inspections; instructions for preparing ejector specifications; test kit contents list; ejector manufacturers and suppliers of referenced hardware and information; and failure modes and symptoms.« less

  11. Plasma Physics Applied (New Book)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grabbe, Crockett

    2007-03-01

    0.5cm Plasma physics applications are one of the most rapidly growing fields in engineering & applied science today. The last decade alone has seen the rapid emergence of new applications such as dusty plasmas in the semiconductor and microchip industries, and plasma TVs. In addition, this last decade saw the achievement of the 50-year Lawson breakeven condition for fusion. With new discoveries in space plasma physics and applications to spacecraft for worldwide communication and space weather, as well as new applications being discovered, this diversity is always expanding. The new book Plasma Physics Applied reviews developments in several of these areas. Chapter 1 reviews the content and its authors, and is followed by a more comprehensive review of plasma physics applications in general in Chapter 2. Plasma applications in combustion and environmental uses are presented in Chapter 3. Lightning effects in planetary magnetospheres and potential application are described in Chapter 4. The area of dusty plasmas in both industrial and space plasmas and their applications are reviewed in Chapter 5. The particular area of Coulomb clusters in dusty plasmas is presented in Chapter 6. The variety of approaches to plasma confinement in magnetic devices for fusion are laid out in Chapter 7. Finally, an overview of plasma accelerator developments and their applications are presented in Chapter 8.

  12. TA-55 Final Safety Analysis Report Comparison Document and DOE Safety Evaluation Report Requirements

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Alan Bond

    2001-04-01

    This document provides an overview of changes to the currently approved TA-55 Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) that are included in the upgraded FSAR. The DOE Safety Evaluation Report (SER) requirements that are incorporated into the upgraded FSAR are briefly discussed to provide the starting point in the FSAR with respect to the SER requirements.

  13. Accurate diode behavioral model with reverse recovery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Banáš, Stanislav; Divín, Jan; Dobeš, Josef; Paňko, Václav

    2018-01-01

    This paper deals with the comprehensive behavioral model of p-n junction diode containing reverse recovery effect, applicable to all standard SPICE simulators supporting Verilog-A language. The model has been successfully used in several production designs, which require its full complexity, robustness and set of tuning parameters comparable with standard compact SPICE diode model. The model is like standard compact model scalable with area and temperature and can be used as a stand-alone diode or as a part of more complex device macro-model, e.g. LDMOS, JFET, bipolar transistor. The paper briefly presents the state of the art followed by the chapter describing the model development and achieved solutions. During precise model verification some of them were found non-robust or poorly converging and replaced by more robust solutions, demonstrated in the paper. The measurement results of different technologies and different devices compared with a simulation using the new behavioral model are presented as the model validation. The comparison of model validation in time and frequency domains demonstrates that the implemented reverse recovery effect with correctly extracted parameters improves the model simulation results not only in switching from ON to OFF state, which is often published, but also its impedance/admittance frequency dependency in GHz range. Finally the model parameter extraction and the comparison with SPICE compact models containing reverse recovery effect is presented.

  14. Portable Wireless LAN Device and Two-Way Radio Threat Assessment for Aircraft VHF Communication Radio Band

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nguyen, Truong X.; Koppen, Sandra V.; Ely, Jay J.; Williams, Reuben A.; Smith, Laura J.; Salud, Maria Theresa P.

    2004-01-01

    This document summarizes the safety analysis performed on a Flight Guidance System (FGS) requirements model. In particular, the safety properties desired of the FGS model are identified and the presence of the safety properties in the model is formally verified. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the entire project, while Chapter 2 gives a brief overview of the problem domain, the nature of accidents, model based development, and the four-variable model. Chapter 3 outlines the approach. Chapter 4 presents the results of the traditional safety analysis techniques and illustrates how the hazardous conditions associated with the system trace into specific safety properties. Chapter 5 presents the results of the formal methods analysis technique model checking that was used to verify the presence of the safety properties in the requirements model. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the main conclusions of the study, first and foremost that model checking is a very effective verification technique to use on discrete models with reasonable state spaces. Additional supporting details are provided in the appendices.

  15. Urban Water Conservation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moomaw, Ronald L.

    According to its abstract, this book attempts ‘an assessment of various water conservation measures aimed at reducing residential water usage.’ Its intent is to develop a research program whose ‘ultimate goal is to engender a conservation ethic among water users and managers and develop a predictable array of conservation methodologies. …’ Professor Flack indeed has presented an excellent assessment of conservation methodologies, but I believe that the proposed research program is too limited.Following a brief introductory chapter, chapter II presents an extensive review of the water conservation literature published in the 1970's and earlier. It and chapter III, which describes Flack's systematic comparison of the technical, economic, and political aspects of each conservation methodology, are the heart of the book. Chapter IV is a brief discussion and analysis of conservation programs (with examples) that a water utility might adopt. Chapter V is essentially a pilot study of methods of assessing political and social feasibility. Finally, a set of recommendations is presented in chapter VI. All in all, this book is a nice blend of literature review and original research that deals with an important issue.

  16. Final Report for Dynamic Models for Causal Analysis of Panel Data. Methodological Overview. Part II, Chapter 1.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hannan, Michael T.

    This technical document, part of a series of chapters described in SO 011 759, describes a basic model of panel analysis used in a study of the causes of institutional and structural change in nations. Panel analysis is defined as a record of state occupancy of a sample of units at two or more points in time; for example, voters disclose voting…

  17. Final Report for Dynamic Models for Causal Analysis of Panel Data. Models for Change in Quantitative Variables, Part II Scholastic Models. Part II, Chapter 4.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hannan, Michael T.

    This document is part of a series of chapters described in SO 011 759. Stochastic models for the sociological analysis of change and the change process in quantitative variables are presented. The author lays groundwork for the statistical treatment of simple stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and discusses some of the continuities of…

  18. Educational Research in Relation to Educational Reform in Asia and Oceania (May 31-June 9, 1979). Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Inst. for Educational Research, Tokyo (Japan).

    Educational research in Asia and Oceania is explored from the point of view of its effect on actual educational practices. Information is based on speeches and group discussion at a 10-day regional seminar held in Japan in 1979. This document--a report of that seminar--is presented in four chapters. In Chapter I, seminar objectives are explained,…

  19. Secret Key Crypto Implementations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bertoni, Guido Marco; Melzani, Filippo

    This chapter presents the algorithm selected in 2001 as the Advanced Encryption Standard. This algorithm is the base for implementing security and privacy based on symmetric key solutions in almost all new applications. Secret key algorithms are used in combination with modes of operation to provide different security properties. The most used modes of operation are presented in this chapter. Finally an overview of the different techniques of software and hardware implementations is given.

  20. Neglected or Delinquent Program 1990-91. Final Evaluation Report. Elementary and Secondary Education Act--Chapter 1.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chamberlain, Ed

    The Neglected or Delinquent Program (N or D) of the Columbus (Ohio) Public Schools is designed to provide classrooms and tutorial services in language development for students served in facilities eligible for Chapter 1 aid for the neglected or delinquent. In the 1990-91 school year, one full-time N or D teacher and 12 part-time tutors served 153…

  1. The mobility and diffusion of ions in gases

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mcdaniel, E. W.; Mason, E. A.

    1973-01-01

    Experimental and theoretical aspects of the mobility and diffusion of ions in gases are studied in detail. Some of the subjects discussed include ion-ion interaction, boundary condition and ion and electron behavior. Also discussed in separate chapters are the problems of the diffusion coefficients and the afterglow techniques. Finally, a special chapter studies the kinetic theory of diffusion and mobility, stressing the low-, medium- and high-field theory.

  2. Comprehending Consumption: The Behavioral Basis and Implementation of Driver Feedback for Reducing Vehicle Energy Use

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stillwater, Tai

    A large body of evidence suggests that drivers who receive real-time fuel economy information can increase their vehicle fuel economy by 5%, a process commonly known as ecodriving. However, few studies have directly addressed the human side of the feedback, that is, why drivers would (or would not) be motivated to change their behavior and how to design feedback devices to maximize the motivation to ecodrive. This dissertation approaches the question using a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach to explore driver responses and psychology as well as to quantify the process of behavior change. The first chapter discusses the use of mile-per-gallon fuel economy as a metric for driver feedback and finds that an alternative energy economy metric is superior for real-time feedback. The second chapter reviews behavioral theories and proposes a number of practical solutions for the ecodriving context. In the third chapter the theory of planned behavior is tested against driver responses to an existing feedback system available in the 2008 model Toyota Prius. The fourth chapter presents a novel feedback design based on behavioral theories and drivers' responses to the feedback. Finally, chapter five presents the quantitative results of a natural-driving study of fuel economy feedback. The dissertation findings suggest that behavior theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior can provide important improvements to existing feedback designs. In addition, a careful analysis of vehicle energy flows indicates that the mile-per-gallon metric is deeply flawed as a real-time feedback metric, and should be replaced. Chapters 2 and 3 conclude that behavior theories have both a theoretical and highly practical role in feedback design, although the driving context requires just as much care in the application. Chapters 4 and 5 find that a theory-inspired interface provides drivers with engaging and motivating feedback, and that integrating personal goal into the feedback is the most motivating theory-based addition. Finally, the behavioral model results in chapter 5 suggest that driver goals not only influence in-vehicle energy use, but are themselves flexible constructs that can be directly influenced by energy feedback.

  3. Highlights of the Exposure Factors Handbook (Final Report)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA announced the availability of the final report, Highlights of the Exposure Factors Handbook (EPA/600/R-10/030).This Highlights document presents an overview of the information provided in the Exposure Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 2011). Excerpts of each chapter of the ...

  4. Optical Communication: Its History and Recent Progress

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Agrawal, Govind P.

    This chapter begins with a brief history of optical communication before describing the main components of a modern optical communication system. Specific attention is paid to the development of low-loss optical fibers as they played an essential role after 1975. The evolution of fiber-optic communication systems is described through its six generations over a 40-year time period ranging from 1975 to 2015. The adoption of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) during the 1990s to meet the demand fueled by the advent of the Internet is discussed together with the bursting of the telecom bubble in 2000. Recent advances brought by digital coherent technology and space-division multiplexing are also described briefly.

  5. Coffee intake.

    PubMed

    Cornelis, Marilyn C

    2012-01-01

    Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Its widespread popularity and availability has fostered public health concerns of the potential health consequences of regular coffee consumption. Epidemiological studies of coffee intake and certain health outcomes have been inconsistent. The precise component of coffee potentially contributing to development of these conditions also remains unclear. One step toward addressing the challenges in studying the impact coffee has on health is a better understanding of the factors contributing to its consumption and physiological effects. This chapter focuses on those factors that are genetically determined and briefly summarizes progress in applying this knowledge to epidemiological studies of coffee and disease. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Parents, Peers, and Social Withdrawal in Childhood: A Relationship Perspective

    PubMed Central

    Rubin, Kenneth H.; Root, Amy Kennedy; Bowker, Julie

    2013-01-01

    In this chapter, the authors review the history of the Waterloo Longitudinal Project (WLP), the first longitudinal study (1980–1992) dedicated to the study of social withdrawal, its correlates, and consequences. Theories underlying the WLP are described, as are its empirical findings. Recent research from other labs that has extended the findings of the original WLP is briefly described. The authors’ research that draws on the findings of WLP are noted as well. An underlying theme in this work is that relationships (and interactions) with parents and friends can serve as protective or exacerbating factors in the developmental course of social withdrawal and its concomitants (including social anxiety). PMID:20205181

  7. MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase as an Autism Genetic Risk Factor

    PubMed Central

    Peng, Yun; Huentelman, Matthew; Smith, Christopher; Qiu, Shenfeng

    2014-01-01

    In this chapter, we will briefly discuss recent literature on the role of MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) in brain development and how perturbation of MET signaling may alter normal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Recent human genetic studies have established MET as a risk factor for autism, and the molecular and cellular underpinnings of this genetic risk are only beginning to emerge from obscurity. Unlike many autism risk genes that encode synaptic proteins, the spatial and temporal expression pattern of MET RTK indicates this signaling system is ideally situated to regulate neuronal growth, functional maturation, and establishment of functional brain circuits, particularly in those brain structures involved in higher levels of cognition, social skills, and executive functions. PMID:24290385

  8. Uses of virtual reality in clinical training: developing the spatial skills of children with mobility impairments.

    PubMed

    Stanton, D; Foreman, N; Wilson, P N

    1998-01-01

    In this chapter we review some of the ways in which the skills learned in virtual environments (VEs) transfer to real situations, and in particular how information about the spatial layouts of virtual buildings acquired from the exploration of three-dimensional computer-simulations transfers to their real equivalents. Four experiments are briefly described which examined VR use by disabled children. We conclude that spatial information of the kind required for navigation transfers effectively from virtual to real situations. Spatial skills in disabled children showed progressive improvement with repeated exploration of virtual environments. The results are discussed in relation to the potential future benefits of VR in special needs education and training.

  9. Analysis of Local Structure, Chemistry and Bonding by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mayer, Joachim

    In the present chapter, the reader will first be introduced briefly to the basic principles of analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) with special emphasis on electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtering TEM. The quantification of spectra to obtain chemical information and the origin and interpretation of near-edge fine structures in EELS (ELNES) are discussed. Special attention will be given to the characterization of internal interfaces and the literature in this area will be reviewed. Selected examples of the application of ATEM in the investigation of internal interfaces will be given. These examples include both EELS in the energy-filtering TEM and in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).

  10. Final Requirements--School Improvement Grants--Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Final Rule. Federal Register, Part IV, Department of Education, 34 CFR Chapter II

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Archives and Records Administration, 2015

    2015-01-01

    The Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education adopts final requirements for the School Improvement Grants (SIG) program, authorized under section 1003(g) of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended (ESEA). These final requirements make changes to the current SIG program requirements and implement…

  11. Cosmic superstrings: Observable remnants of brane inflation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wyman, Mark Charles

    Brane inflation provides a natural dynamical model for the physics which underlie the inflationary paradigm. Besides their inflationary predictions, brane models imply another observable consequence: cosmic strings. In this dissertation I outline the background of how cosmic strings arise in brane inflationary models and how the properties of the strings and the models are mutually tied (Chapter 2). I then use cosmological observations to put limits on the properties of any actually-existing cosmic string network (Chapter 3). Next, I study the question of how cosmic superstrings, as the cosmic strings arising from string theory are known, could be distinct from classical gauge- theory cosmic strings. In particular, I propose an analytical model for the cosmological evolution of a network of binding cosmic strings (Chapter 4); I also describe the distinctive gravitational lensing phenomena that are caused by binding strings (Chapter 5). Finally, I lay out the background for the numerical study of a gauge theory model for the dynamics of cosmic superstring binding (Chapter 6).

  12. A report on the USL NASA/RECON project. Part 1: The development of a transportable, university level, IS and R educational program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dominick, Wayne D. (Editor); Gallagher, Suzy; Granier, Martin

    1984-01-01

    A project is described which has as its goal the production of a set of system-independent, discipline-independent, transportable college level courses to educate science and engineering students in the use of large-scale information storage and retrieval systems. This project is being conducted with the cooperation and sponsorship of NASA by R and D teams at the University of Southwest Louisiana and Southern University. Chapter 1 is an introduction, providing an overview and a listing of the management phases. Chapter 2 furnishes general information regarding accomplishments in areas under development. Chapter 3 deals with the development of the course materials by presenting a series of diagrams and keys to depict the progress and interrelationships of various tasks and sub-tasks. Chapter 4 presents plans for activities to be conducted to complete and deliver course materials. The final chapter is a summary of project objectives, methods, plans, and accomplishments.

  13. Numerical conformal mapping: Methods, applications, and theory. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    DeLillo, T.K.

    1995-11-01

    Section 1 of this report, briefly summarizes research performed under this grant during the first two years 1992 to 1994 and makes some overall remarks. Section 2, summarizes research performed during the final year from September, 1994 through May 31, 1995, more fully. The main achievement of the last period has been the application of numerical conformed mapping to the solution of the biharmonic equation. Section 3, summarizes travel, meetings, and other expenses supported by this grant during the final year.

  14. Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (additions to gastropods, scaphopods, pelecypods Nuculidae to Malleidae)

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Woodring, W.P.

    1973-01-01

    Chapter E adds 112 described species and subspecies (a few briefly described) to the some 440 covered in preceding chapters : 27 additional gastropods, 18 scaphopods, and 67 pelecypods in 10 families. It is estimated that about 125 species are to be added in chapter F, the final chapter.The Arcidae is by far the largest family in the pelecypods so far studied : 30 species in six genera. The genus Anadara is the largest in that family : 25 species, representing the subgenera Hawaiarca?, Rasia, Tosarca, Grandiarca, Potiarca, and Cunearca. Potiarca, based on a living western Pacific species, is adopted for many American species heretofore assigned to Cunearca.Eighteen of the 27 additional gastropods were found at a new locality in the late Eocene part of the Gatuncillo formation. They 'are assigned to 16 genera, 14 of which are not represented at other Gatuncillo localities. The genera include Faunus, Turnpanotonos, and Bezaneonia, which are rare in America, and the rare endemic American genus Harrisianella.The marine member of the Bohio (?) formation is now assigned to the late Eocene, instead of late Eocene or early Oligocene—the only change in age assignment. Eocene affinities are especially strengthened by the presence of Samanoetia samanensis and Volvariella?, if indeed the unnamed species represents that genus, as seems likely. Both the marine member of the Bohio( ?) and the late Oligocene part of the Bohio contain early small species of Anadara, subgenus Rasia.The fossils from the moderately deep-water facies of the late Oligocene Caimito formation include the earliest hexagonal Dentalium of the subgenus Dentalium s.s., from the American mainland, and a widespread and abundant species of the essentially deep-water subgenus Fissidentalium.Anadara chiriquiensis chiriquiensis, a relatively small form of the subgenus Grandiarca that is widely distributed in the Miocene Caribbean province, occurs in the Culebra formation. For the most part it indicates brackish water.Among the fossils from the La Boca formation proper, Cyphoma aff. C. intermedia is the earliest representative of an endemic American genus, and Isognomon mimeticus, a remarkable, narrowly mytiliform species is the type of the new subgenus Mimonion. Both the Culebra and La Boca, both of early Miocene age, contain predecessors of Gatun species.As in other chapters, the largest number of species is from the middle Miocene Gatun formation: 50 species. Bailya crossata is the first Tertiary species of the genus from the Caribbean region, and the earliest now known. A bizarre, incomplete gastropod is described as xancid?, genus?. The Gatun contains 13 of the 24 species of Anadara and half of the 12 species of the subgenus Rasia of that genus. In consideration of two battered and worn specimens of a large form of the subgenus Grandiarca, identified as Anadara grandis patricia?, the similar Tertiary forms in the Caribbean region are reviewed and divided into a brackish-water group and a marine group. The Gatun fauna now totals some 330 species. 

  15. 76 FR 72327 - NASA Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Responsibility, Suspension and Debarment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-23

    .... chapter 35). List of Subjects in 48 CFR Part 1809 Government procurement. Sheryl Goddard, Director... Space Administration (NASA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: NASA has adopted as final, without change, a... INFORMATION CONTACT: Leigh Pomponio, Procurement Analyst, at (202) 358-0592 or [email protected

  16. 1979 Special Report on the NIE Compensatory Education Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children, Washington, DC.

    This document examines the National Institute of Education's (NIE) Final Report on its study of compensatory education. Objectives of the NIE study and strategies used by NIE to accomplish these objectives are summarized. The five main chapters of the Final Report dealing respectively with demonstration studies, teacher training, the Instructional…

  17. 78 FR 12955 - Final Requirements, Definitions, and Selection Criteria-Native American Career and Technical...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-26

    ... has established under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended (20 U.S.C. 6301..., cooperative education, school-based enterprises, entrepreneurship, community service learning, and job... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 34 CFR Chapter IV [Docket ID ED-2012-OVAE-0053] Final Requirements...

  18. Skills Conversion Project: Chapter 2, Executive Summary. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Society of Professional Engineers, Washington, DC.

    This final report describes the Skills Conversion Project conducted by The National Society of Professional Engineers under contract to the Department of Labor to study methods of utilizing the large pool of highly skilled unemployed technicians and professional personnel who were formerly employed in the aerospace and defense industries. If…

  19. 40 CFR 700.43 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... the PMN for the intermediate identifies the final product and describes the chemical reactions leading... chemical substance (each being assigned a separate PMN number by EPA) as a result of a prenotice agreement... chapter. Final product means a new chemical substance (as “new chemical substance” is defined in § 720.3...

  20. 40 CFR 700.43 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the PMN for the intermediate identifies the final product and describes the chemical reactions leading... chemical substance (each being assigned a separate PMN number by EPA) as a result of a prenotice agreement... chapter. Final product means a new chemical substance (as “new chemical substance” is defined in § 720.3...

  1. 40 CFR 700.43 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... the PMN for the intermediate identifies the final product and describes the chemical reactions leading... chemical substance (each being assigned a separate PMN number by EPA) as a result of a prenotice agreement... chapter. Final product means a new chemical substance (as “new chemical substance” is defined in § 720.3...

  2. 40 CFR 700.43 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the PMN for the intermediate identifies the final product and describes the chemical reactions leading... chemical substance (each being assigned a separate PMN number by EPA) as a result of a prenotice agreement... chapter. Final product means a new chemical substance (as “new chemical substance” is defined in § 720.3...

  3. 40 CFR 700.43 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... the PMN for the intermediate identifies the final product and describes the chemical reactions leading... chemical substance (each being assigned a separate PMN number by EPA) as a result of a prenotice agreement... chapter. Final product means a new chemical substance (as “new chemical substance” is defined in § 720.3...

  4. Introduction to Robust Multivariable Control

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-02-01

    AX DAVIS, Assistant for Research and Technology Flight Control Division Flight Dynamics Laboratory "If your address has changed, if you wish to be...particular chapter is given at the end of each chapter. It is needless to say that there are numerour other - publications in this area of controls research ...tco in this Area of research comprehensively in a single report. Finally, even though most of the material in this report comes from publications of W

  5. Final Report for Dynamic Models for Causal Analysis of Panel Data. Models for Change in Quantitative Variables, Part III: Estimation from Panel Data. Part II, Chapter 5.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hannan, Michael T.

    This document is part of a series of chapters described in SO 011 759. Addressing the problems of studying change and the change process, the report argues that sociologists should study coupled changes in qualitative and quantitative outcomes (e.g., marital status and earnings). The author presents a model for sociological studies of change in…

  6. Final Report for Dynamic Models for Causal Analysis of Panel Data. Models for Change in Quantitative Variables, Part I Deterministic Models. Part II, Chapter 3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hannan, Michael T.

    This document is part of a series of chapters described in SO 011 759. Addressing the question of effective models to measure change and the change process, the author suggests that linear structural equation systems may be viewed as steady state outcomes of continuous-change models and have rich sociological grounding. Two interpretations of the…

  7. Insights in Public Health

    PubMed Central

    Okamoto, Scott K; Maddock, Jay; Hayes, Donald; Lowery, Tonya; Rajan, Ranjani

    2013-01-01

    This article briefly outlines a collaboration among communities on Hawai‘i Island and a university-based research team to develop, implement, and evaluate a school-based substance use prevention curriculum called Ho‘ouna Pono. In addition to providing a rationale for the project, the goal of this paper is fourfold. First, an overview of the Ho‘ouna Pono research results to date (2007–2013) is provided. Second, within this overview, the ways in which selected results informed program development are highlighted. Third, the curriculum is briefly described, and finally, the role of the students and community in the video production is described. PMID:23463854

  8. The East African monsoon system: Seasonal climatologies and recent variations: Chapter 10

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Funk, Christopher C.; Hoell, Andrew; Shukla, Shraddhanand; Husak, Gregory J.; Michaelsen, J.

    2016-01-01

    This chapter briefly reviews the complex climatological cycle of the East African monsoon system, paying special attention to its connection to the larger Indo-Pacific-Asian monsoon cycle. We examine the seasonal monsoon cycle, and briefly explore recent circulation changes. The spatial footprint of our analysis corresponds with the “Greater Horn of Africa” (GHA) region, extending from Tanzania in the south to Yemen and Sudan in the north. During boreal winter, when northeast trade winds flow across the northwest Indian Ocean and the equatorial moisture transports over the Indian Ocean exhibit strong westerly mean flows over the equatorial Indian Ocean, East African precipitation is limited to a few highland areas. As the Indian monsoon circulation transitions during boreal spring, the trade winds over the northwest Indian Ocean reverse, and East African moisture convergence supports the “long” rains. In boreal summer, the southwesterly Somali Jet intensifies over eastern Africa. Subsidence forms along the westward flank of this jet, shutting down precipitation over eastern portions of East Africa. In boreal fall, the Jet subsides, but easterly moisture transports support rainfall in limited regions of the eastern Horn of Africa. We use regressions with the trend mode of global sea surface temperatures to explore potential changes in the seasonal monsoon circulations. Significant reductions in total precipitable water are indicated in Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen, with moisture transports broadly responding in ways that reinforce the climatological moisture transports over the Indian Ocean. Over Kenya, southern Ethiopia and Somalia, regressions with velocity potential indicate increased convergence aloft. Near the surface, this convergence appears to manifest as a surface high pressure system that modifies moisture transports in these countries as well as Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi. An analysis of rainfall changes indicates significant declines in parts of Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen.

  9. Design and commissioning of a 16.1 MHz multiharmonic buncher for the reaccelerator at NSCL

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alt, Daniel Maloney

    The ReAccelerator (ReA) linear accelerator facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory is a unique resource for the nuclear physics community. The particle fragmentation beam production technique, combined with the ability to stop and then reaccelerate the beam to energies of astrophysical interest, give experimenters an unprecedented range of rare isotopes at energies of nuclear and astrophysical interest. The ReAccelerator also functions as a testbed for technology to be incorporated in the upcoming Facility for Rare Isotope Beams linear accelerator, which will eventually in turn become the beam source for ReA. This prototype nature of the ReAccelerator, however, dictated some design choices which have resulted in a final beam with a time structure that is less than ideal for certain classes of experiments. The cavities and RFQ used in ReA have an operating frequency of 80.5 MHz, which corresponds to a separation between particle bunches at the detectors of 12.4 ns. While this separation is acceptable for many experiments, sensitive time of flight measurements require a greater separation between pulses. As nuclear physics experiments rely on statistics, a solution to increasing bunch separation without simply discarding a large fraction of the beam particles was desired. This document describes the design and construction of such a device, a 16.1 MHz multiharmonic buncher. The first chapter provides backgound information on the NSCL and ReA, and some basic concepts in accelerator physics to lay the groundwork for the project.Next, more specifics are provided on the time structure of accelerated beams, and the experimental motivation for greater separation. The third chapter outlines the basic principles of multiharmonic bunching. In order to evaluate the feasibility of any buncher design, the exact acceptance of the Radiofrequency Quadrupole (RFQ) of the ReAccelerator needed to be empirically measured. Chapter 4 describes the results of that measurement. Chapter 5 outlines the simulations and calculations that went into the design choices for this particular buncher, incorporating the results of the RFQ measurements. The next two chapters describe the construction, installation, and testing of the device, and give experimental results. Finally, Chapter 8 summarizes the project and the final steps which need to be undertaken to make the device a simple to use asset for future experimentalists at ReA.

  10. Investigations of Galaxy Clusters Using Gravitational Lensing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wiesner, Matthew P.

    2014-08-01

    In this dissertation, we discuss the properties of galaxy clusters that have been determined using strong and weak gravitational lensing. A galaxy cluster is a collection of galaxies that are bound together by the force of gravity, while gravitational lensing is the bending of light by gravity. Strong lensing is the formation of arcs or rings of light surrounding clusters and weak lensing is a change in the apparent shapes of many galaxies. In this work we examine the properties of several samples of galaxy clusters using gravitational lensing. In Chapter 1 we introduce astrophysical theory of galaxy clusters andmore » gravitational lensing. In Chapter 2 we examine evidence from our data that galaxy clusters are more concentrated than cosmology would predict. In Chapter 3 we investigate whether our assumptions about the number of galaxies in our clusters was valid by examining new data. In Chapter 4 we describe a determination of a relationship between mass and number of galaxies in a cluster at higher redshift than has been found before. In Chapter 5 we describe a model of the mass distribution in one of the ten lensing systems discovered by our group at Fermilab. Finally in Chapter 6 we summarize our conclusions.« less

  11. Career Preparation: A Curriculum in Mental Health and Aging for Service Providers. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rich, Thomas A.; And Others

    This document contains a final report of a project which developed a model multidisciplinary graduate curriculum in mental health and aging. The introductory chapter, "Career Preparation: A Curriculum in Mental Health and Aging for Service Providers" (Thomas A. Rich, et al.), includes background information and discussions of the curriculum…

  12. 76 FR 10516 - Transfer and Reorganization of Bank Secrecy Act Regulations-Technical Amendment.

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-25

    ... concerning mutual funds and the other concerning the confidentiality of a report of suspicious activity (SAR... compliance date of the mutual fund rule. Additionally, the Chapter X Final Rule contained an inadvertent..., 2010, FinCEN issued a final rule to include mutual funds within the general definition of ``financial...

  13. Human Rehabilitation Techniques. Final Report. Volume 1, Part A.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dudek, R. A.; And Others

    The first volume of a six-volume final report describes the activities and findings of a research project to identify the policy-related aspects and technology involved in efforts to aid disabled individuals in the United States. In Chapter 1, various types of technology assessments are explained, and general results of the technology assessment…

  14. Techniques for Sea Ice Characteristics Extraction and Sea Ice Monitoring Using Multi-Sensor Satellite Data in the Bohai Sea-Dragon 3 Programme Final Report (2012-2016)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Xi; Zhang, Jie; Meng, Junmin

    2016-08-01

    The objectives of Dragon-3 programme (ID: 10501) are to develop methods for classification sea ice types and retrieving ice thickness based on multi-sensor data. In this final results paper, we give a briefly introduction for our research work and mainly results. Key words: the Bohai Sea ice, Sea ice, optical and

  15. Modelling regulation of decomposition and related root/mycorrhizal processes in arctic tundra soils. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Linkins, A.E.

    1992-09-01

    Since this was the final year of this project principal activities were directed towards either collecting data needed to complete existing incomplete data sets or writing manuscripts. Data sets on Imnaviat Creek watershed basin are functionally complete and data finialized on the cellulose mineralizaiton and dust impact on soil organic carbon and phsophorus decomposition. Seven manuscripts were prepared, and are briefly outlined.

  16. Final Report for Dynamic Models for Causal Analysis of Panel Data. Approaches to the Censoring Problem in Analysis of Event Histories. Part III, Chapter 2.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tuma, Nancy Brandon; Hannan, Michael T.

    The document, part of a series of chapters described in SO 011 759, considers the problem of censoring in the analysis of event-histories (data on dated events, including dates of change from one qualitative state to another). Censoring refers to the lack of information on events that occur before or after the period for which data are available.…

  17. Mitigating Insider Sabotage and Espionage: A Review of the United States Air Force’s Current Posture

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-01

    published on ins ider threat, to include the variables that come into play and historical case studies. Existing insider threat models are discussed ...problem, including the initial development of a logical da ta mod el and a system dynamics model. This chapter also discusses the selection of the...Finally, Chapter V provides a summary of the research along with a discussion of its conclusions and impact. Recommendations for future research

  18. A Survey of the Manpower Training Needs of Connecticut Business and Industry with Special Emphasis on the Development of a Computer-Based Model for Vocational-Career Information Delivery Systems. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Connecticut Business and Industry Association, Hartford.

    Conducting a survey of manpower training needs of business and industry in Connecticut and identifying elements of a vocational-career information delivery system were the two major focuses of the study described in this report. Content is presented in three chapters. Chapter 1 reviews and analyzes the manpower training needs survey and results.…

  19. Texas Studies in Bilingualism. Spanish, French, German, Czech, Polish, Sorbian, and Norwegian in the Southwest. (With a Concluding Chapter on Code-Switching and Modes of Speaking in American Swedish.) Studia Linguistica Germanica.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilbert, Glenn G., Ed.

    This book contains studies of seven non-English languages spoken in Texas, Oklahoma and Louisiana, as well as a final chapter based on data obtained from Swedish-English bilinguals in Massachusetts, Illinois, and Minnesota. The individual studies are: Lurline H. Coltharp, "Invitation to the Dance: Spanish in the El Paso Underworld"; Janet B.…

  20. Looking Forward--Strategies for Inclusivity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Eddy, Pamela L.

    2017-01-01

    This final chapter draws together the ways in which intersectionality occurs for a range of stakeholders regarding constructions of gender in community colleges and provides tactics for increasing equity.

  1. Chapter 14: Electron Microscopy on Thin Films for Solar Cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Romero, Manuel; Abou-Ras, Daniel; Nichterwitz, Melanie

    2016-07-22

    This chapter overviews the various techniques applied in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and highlights their possibilities and also limitations. It gives the various imaging and analysis techniques applied on a scanning electron microscope. The chapter shows that imaging is divided into that making use of secondary electrons (SEs) and of backscattered electrons (BSEs), resulting in different contrasts in the images and thus providing information on compositions, microstructures, and surface potentials. Whenever aiming for imaging and analyses at scales of down to the angstroms range, TEM and its related techniques are appropriate tools. In many cases,more » also SEM techniques provide the access to various material properties of the individual layers, not requiring specimen preparation as time consuming as TEM techniques. Finally, the chapter dedicates to cross-sectional specimen preparation for electron microscopy. The preparation decides indeed on the quality of imaging and analyses.« less

  2. Particle identification at an asymmetric B Factory

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Coyle, P.; Eigen, G.; Hitlin, D.

    1991-09-01

    Particle identification systems are an important component of any detector at a high-luminosity, asymmetric B Factory. In particular, excellent hadron identification is required to probe CP violation in B{sup 0} decays to CP eigenstates. The particle identification systems discussed below also provide help in separating leptons from hadrons at low momenta. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the physics motivation for providing particle identification, the inherent limitations due to interactions and decays in flight, and the requirements for hermiticity and angular coverage. A special feature of an asymmetric B Factory is the resulting asymmetry in the momentum distributionmore » as a function of polar angle; this will also be quantified and discussed. In the next section the three primary candidates, time-of-flight (TOF), energy loss (dE/dx), and Cerenkov counters, both ring-imaging and threshold, will be briefly described and evaluated. Following this, one of the candidates, a long-drift Cerenkov ring-imaging device, is described in detail to provide a reference design. Design considerations for a fast RICH are then described. A detailed discussion of aerogel threshold counter designs and associated R D conclude the chapter. 56 refs., 64 figs., 13 tabs.« less

  3. Considerations for optimal use of postmortem human brains for molecular psychiatry: lessons from schizophrenia.

    PubMed

    Weickert, Cynthia Shannon; Rothmond, Debora A; Purves-Tyson, Tertia D

    2018-01-01

    Schizophrenia is a disabling disease impacting millions of people around the world, for which there is no known cure. Current antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia mainly target psychotic symptoms, do little to ameliorate social or cognitive deficits, have side-effects that cause weight gain, and diabetes and 30% of people do not respond. Thus, better therapeutics for schizophrenia aimed at the route biologic changes are needed and discovering the underlying neurobiology is key to this quest. Postmortem brain studies provide the most direct and detailed way to determine the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This chapter outlines steps that can be taken to ensure the best-quality molecular data from postmortem brain tissue are obtained. In this chapter, we also discuss targeted and high-throughput methods for examining gene and protein expression and some of the strengths and limitations of each method. We briefly consider why gene and protein expression changes may not always concur within brain tissue. We conclude that postmortem brain research that investigates gene and protein expression in well-characterized and matched brain cohorts provides an important foundation to be considered when interpreting data obtained from studies of living schizophrenia patients. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Aging of cell membranes: facts and theories.

    PubMed

    Zs-Nagy, Imre

    2014-01-01

    This chapter is intended to outline the main results of a research trend realized by the author during the last 45 years, focused on the main role played by the cell membrane in the aging process. It is a very wide field; therefore, the reader cannot expect in this limited space a detailed description, but will be given a wide, interdisciplinary insight into the main facts and theories regarding cellular aging. The central idea described here is the concept called the membrane hypothesis of aging (MHA). The history, the chemical roots, physicochemical facts, biophysical processes, as well as the obligatory biochemical consequences are all touched in by indicating the most important sources of detailed knowledge for those who are more interested in the basic biology of the aging process. This chapter covers also the available anti-aging interventions on the cell membrane by means of the centrophenoxine treatment based on the MHA. It also briefly interprets the possibilities of a just developing anti-aging method by using the recombinant human growth hormone, essential basis of which is the species specificity, and the general presence of receptors of this hormone in the plasma membrane of all types of cells.

  5. VUV thin films, chapter 7

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zukic, Muamer; Torr, Douglas G.

    1993-01-01

    The application of thin film technology to the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength region from 120 nm to 230 nm has not been fully exploited in the past because of absorption effects which complicate the accurate determination of the optical functions of dielectric materials. The problem therefore reduces to that of determining the real and imaginary parts of a complex optical function, namely the frequency dependent refractive index n and extinction coefficient k. We discuss techniques for the inverse retrieval of n and k for dielectric materials at VUV wavelengths from measurements of their reflectance and transmittance. Suitable substrate and film materials are identified for application in the VUV. Such applications include coatings for the fabrication of narrow and broadband filters and beamsplitters. The availability of such devices open the VUV regime to high resolution photometry, interferometry and polarimetry both for space based and laboratory applications. This chapter deals with the optics of absorbing multilayers, the determination of the optical functions for several useful materials, and the design of VUV multilayer stacks as applied to the design of narrow and broadband reflection and transmission filters and beamsplitters. Experimental techniques are discussed briefly, and several examples of the optical functions derived for selected materials are presented.

  6. Hydrothermal Growth of Polyscale Crystals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Byrappa, Kullaiah

    In this chapter, the importance of the hydrothermal technique for growth of polyscale crystals is discussed with reference to its efficiency in synthesizing high-quality crystals of various sizes for modern technological applications. The historical development of the hydrothermal technique is briefly discussed, to show its evolution over time. Also some of the important types of apparatus used in routine hydrothermal research, including the continuous production of nanosize crystals, are discussed. The latest trends in the hydrothermal growth of crystals, such as thermodynamic modeling and understanding of the solution chemistry, are elucidated with appropriate examples. The growth of some selected bulk, fine, and nanosized crystals of current technological significance, such as quartz, aluminum and gallium berlinites, calcite, gemstones, rare-earth vanadates, electroceramic titanates, and carbon polymorphs, is discussed in detail. Future trends in the hydrothermal technique, required to meet the challenges of fast-growing demand for materials in various technological fields, are described. At the end of this chapter, an Appendix 18.A containing a more or less complete list of the characteristic families of crystals synthesized by the hydrothermal technique is given with the solvent and pressure-temperature (PT) conditions used in their synthesis.

  7. Induced environment contamination monitor: Preliminary results from the Spacelab 1 flight

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Miller, E. R. (Editor)

    1984-01-01

    The STS-9/Induced Environment Contamination Monitor (IECM) mission is briefly described. Preliminary results and analyses are given for each of the 10 instruments comprising the IECM. The final section presents a summary of the major results.

  8. Strategies toward High Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cell: Material and Process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Bong Gi

    The power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells has been rapidly improved during the last few years and currently reaches around 10 %. The performance is evenly governed by absorption, exciton diffusion, exciton dissociation, carrier transfer, and collection efficiencies. Establishing a better understanding of OPV device physics combined with the development of new materials for each executive step contributes to this dramatic improvement. This dissertation focuses mainly on material design and development to correlate the intrinsic properties of organic semiconductors and the OPV performance. The introductory Chapter 1 briefly reviews the motivation of OPV research, its working mechanism, and representative organic materials for OPV application. Chapter 2 discusses the modulation of conjugated polymer's (CP's) absorption behavior and an efficient semi-empirical approach to predict CP's energy levels from its constituent monomers' HOMO/LUMO values. A strong acceptor lowered both the HOMO and LUMO levels of the CP, but the LUMO dropped more rapidly which ultimately produced a narrowed band-gap in the electron donating/accepting alternating copolymer system. In addition, the energy level difference between the CP and the constituent monomers converged to a constant value, providing an energy level prediction tool. Chapter 3 illustrates the systematic investigation on the relationship between the molecular structure of an energy harvesting organic dye and the exciton dissociation efficiency. The study showed that the quantum yield decreased as the exciton binding energy increases, and dipole moment direction should be properly oriented in the dye framework in order to improve photo-current generation when used in a dye sensitized photovoltaic device. Chapter 4 demonstrates the ultrasonic-assisted self-assembly of CPs in solution, rapidly and efficiently. Ultrasonication combined with dipolar media accelerated CP's aggregation, and the effect of CP's aggregation on the enhancement of OPV performance by promoting photo-current generation and increasing carrier mobility was systematically investigated. The correlation between the chemical structure of a CP and it aggregation behavior is further described in Chapter 5. To promote CP aggregate, a planar chain conformation was advantageous and CP aggregation improved hole mobility in the OPV device. However, thermally induced CP aggregates caused strong charge recombination, resulting in open circuit voltage drop. In Chapter 6, a novel polymer design principle to enable directed CP alignment is discussed. Regulating chain planarity and preventing massive crystallization of CP achieved by the developed molecular design principle allowed directed CP alignment under small shear flow.

  9. Host rocks and their alterations as related to uranium-bearing veins in the United States

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Walker, George W.

    1956-01-01

    This paper, dealing with the different kinds of host rocks and their alterations associated with uranium-bearing veins in the United States, is a chapter of a comprehensive report entitled , "Geology of uranium-bearing vein deposits in the United States," in preparation by George W. Walker, Frank W. Osterwald, and others. The comprehensive report will include detailed information on tectonic and structural setting, kinds of host rocks, wall-rock alteration, mineralogy, physical characteristics, processes of deposition, and concepts of origin of uraniferous veins; but, because it will not be completed until sometime in the future, some chapters of the report are being transmitted as they are finished. Part of an introductory chapter to the comprehensive report entitled, "Classification and distribution of uranium-bearing veins in the United States" (Walker and Osterwald, 1956) has already been transmitted; several of the terms used herein are defined in the introductory chapter. Data included in this chapter demonstrate that uranium-bearing veins are: 1) in rocks of nearly all textural, chemical, and mineralogic types; 2) most abundant in holocrystalline, commonly equigranular, igeneous and metamorphic rocks characterized by a moderate to high silica content and and by similar physical properties. Although some of the physiochemical properties of the host rocks are discussed in terms of favorability or nonfavoribility for uranium deposition, the principal purpose of this chapter is to establish the petroloic environment in which uranium-bearing veins have been found. Because favorability or nonfavorability of host rocks is related complexly to the chemistry of ore solutions and to methods or uranium transport and deposition, several hypothetical processes of transport and deposition have been referred to briefly; these and other hypotheses will be outlines and discussed in greater detail in a subsequent chapter. The compilation of data leading to this report and its preparation by a member of the Uranium Research and Resource Section, U.S. Geological Survey, was done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The report is based on both published and unpublished information collected principally by personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission or its predecessor organization, the Manhattan Engineer District, and to a lesser extent by staff members of other Federal or State agencies and by geologists in private industry. Information concerning foreign uranium-bearing vein deposits has been extracted almost exclusively from published reports; references to these and other data are included at appropriate places.

  10. Chinese physicists educated in Germany and America: Their scientific contributions and their impact on China's higher education

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qu, Jing Cheng

    1998-11-01

    This dissertation records the historical paths of Chinese physicists educated in Germany and America, explores their representative achievements in modern physics that have not been recognized by Chinese scholars, and provides sociological analyses of their contributions to China's higher education. We have found that Chinese students of physics in Germany and America were not passive recipients of Western science, but active contributors. They were also crucial contributors to science education and important scientific projects upon their return to China. Chapter One briefly describes physics knowledge in ancient China and introduces the transplantation of modern science and technology to China. Three distinct historical periods have been identified. In Chapter Two and Chapter Three, 30 Chinese physicists educated in Germany and 89 in America have been investigated. This research analyzes the significant achievements of these physicists. It also examines the political changes, the social background, and other factors impacting on their studies in the two countries. The selected cases in the two chapters are Li Fo-ki, Chinese physics students in Berlin, Werner Heisenberg and his Chinese students, Max Born and his Chinese students, Robert Millikan and Chinese physicists, the first two Chinese physicists from Harvard, and the Science Society of China. Chapter Four explores the geographical distribution, education and careers, return and expatriation, and the social influence exerted by these Chinese physicists. Statistical compilation and quantitative analyses comprise the basic methodology. In terms of two periods and two generations, this dissertation explores the physicists' contributions to the development of modern science in China and to education in China. Significant cases from Beijing University, Qinghua University, and Yanjing University are analyzed. The last chapter, Chapter Five, concludes that some of the achievements of these Chinese physicists were critical steps in modern physics even though China remained domestically rather weak in the development of modern science. Returning to China, most of them became pioneers and active contributors to modern science and to higher education in China. They comprised the majority of the physics community of China and played a leading role in the formation of modern science in China. After 1949, China continued to benefit from the contributions of these physicists. China independently constructed an atomic bomb in 1964 and a hydrogen bomb in 1967. In 1970, China successfully launched a man-made satellite. The Chinese physicists trained in Western countries constituted the main research force behind these projects.

  11. Frequency Response Function Based Damage Identification for Aerospace Structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oliver, Joseph Acton

    Structural health monitoring technologies continue to be pursued for aerospace structures in the interests of increased safety and, when combined with health prognosis, efficiency in life-cycle management. The current dissertation develops and validates damage identification technology as a critical component for structural health monitoring of aerospace structures and, in particular, composite unmanned aerial vehicles. The primary innovation is a statistical least-squares damage identification algorithm based in concepts of parameter estimation and model update. The algorithm uses frequency response function based residual force vectors derived from distributed vibration measurements to update a structural finite element model through statistically weighted least-squares minimization producing location and quantification of the damage, estimation uncertainty, and an updated model. Advantages compared to other approaches include robust applicability to systems which are heavily damped, large, and noisy, with a relatively low number of distributed measurement points compared to the number of analytical degrees-of-freedom of an associated analytical structural model (e.g., modal finite element model). Motivation, research objectives, and a dissertation summary are discussed in Chapter 1 followed by a literature review in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 gives background theory and the damage identification algorithm derivation followed by a study of fundamental algorithm behavior on a two degree-of-freedom mass-spring system with generalized damping. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of noise then successfully proves the algorithm against competing methods using an analytical eight degree-of-freedom mass-spring system with non-proportional structural damping. Chapter 5 extends use of the algorithm to finite element models, including solutions for numerical issues, approaches for modeling damping approximately in reduced coordinates, and analytical validation using a composite sandwich plate model. Chapter 6 presents the final extension to experimental systems-including methods for initial baseline correlation and data reduction-and validates the algorithm on an experimental composite plate with impact damage. The final chapter deviates from development and validation of the primary algorithm to discuss development of an experimental scaled-wing test bed as part of a collaborative effort for developing structural health monitoring and prognosis technology. The dissertation concludes with an overview of technical conclusions and recommendations for future work.

  12. Optical Studies of Excitonic Effects at Two-Dimensional Nanostructure Interfaces

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ajayi, Obafunso Ademilolu

    Atomically thin two-dimensional nanomaterials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have seen a rapid growth of exploration since the isolation of monolayer graphene. These materials provide a rich field of study for physics and optoelectronics applications. Many applications seek to combine a two dimensional (2D) material with another nanomaterial, either another two dimensional material or a zero (0D) or one dimensional (1D) material. The work in this thesis explores the consequences of these interactions from 0D to 2D. We begin in Chapter 2 with a study of energy transfer at 0D-2D interfaces with quantum dots and graphene. In our work we seek to maximize the rate of energy transfer by reducing the distance between the materials. We observe an interplay with the distance-dependence and surface effects from our halogen terminated quantum dots that affect our observed energy transfer. In Chapter 3 we study supercapacitance in composite graphene oxide-carbon nanotube electrodes. At this 2D-1D interface we observe a compounding effect between graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes increase the accessible surface area of the supercapacitors and improve conductivity by forming a conductive pathway through electrodes. In Chapter 4 we investigate effective means of improving sample quality in TMDCs and discover the importance of the monolayer interface. We observe a drastic improvement in photoluminescence when encapsulating our TMDCs with Boron Nitride. We measure spectral linewidths approaching the intrinsic limit due to this 2D-2D interface. We also effectively reduce excess charge and thus the trion-exciton ratio in our samples through substrate surface passivation. In Chapter 5 we briefly discuss our investigations on chemical doping, heterostructures and interlayer decoupling in ReS2. We observe an increase in intensity for p-doped MoS2 samples. We investigated the charge transfer exciton previously identified in heterostructures. Spectral observation of this interlayer exciton remained elusive in our work but provided the motivation for our work in Chapter 4. We also discuss our preliminary results on interlayer decoupling in ReS2.

  13. Study of lnter-Molecular Dynamics within Alkylsiloxane Self-Assembled Monolayer and Elastomer Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roman, Michael

    In this work, molecular motion, and in particular, glassy relaxations are studied in two novel experimental systems. Both experimental systems offer a significant degree of control over molecule-molecule, or group-group (where group refers to a portion of a molecule), interactions by controlling density and the type of inter-molecular interaction. Both systems have rigid elements that decrease the tendency of bulk materials to spontaneously change their density with temperature. Thus, density can be maintained and controlled and the effect of density and temperature can be (at least in part) de-convolved. The goal of this work is to experimentally observe the transition from simple, local relaxations to glassy dynamics as density is increased and to understand how this transition differs as the inter-molecular interactions are altered. In both approaches, the system is fabricated from individual parts where the nature, spacing, and particular arrangement of the parts can be controlled and the resultant changes in molecular motion can be observed. Building up a custom system from parts enables fundamental investigation into the glass transition (as discussed above) and also makes possible the development of materials that have engineered responses as a function of temperature. As a short-hand, we refer to the two systems as the monolayer or SAM (short for Self-Assembled Monolayer) and elastomer approaches. In Chapters 4-7 we discuss results from the monolayer approach. Chapter 8 summarizes results from the elastomer approach. In particular, Chapter 4 introduces you to dielectric spectroscopy and briefly summarizes the previous work by former students in the Clarke group which identified the local and glass relaxations in silane monolayers of substituted alkyl chains as analogous to the local and glassy relaxations in polymeric systems containing phase segregated alkyl chains, and similar to the local and glass modes in poly(ethylene). The remainder of Chapter 4 summarizes my own work to clearly delineate the transition from non-interacting behavior at low density (a partially-filled monolayer) to glassy behavior (with or without the presence of a local mode) as density is increased. In Chapter 5, I determined that this transition is highly robust to sample preparation technique. In Chapter 6, the effect of different inter-molecular interactions (dipole strength) on this transition and the resultant glassy state is discussed. Chapter 7 discusses changes in the local modes and the distribution of local and glass modes in the system as a function of terminal dipole strength. In chapter 8, elastomers are studied and the effect of backbone composition and distance between crosslinks is shown. This elastomer system can serve as a new substrate on which similar experiments as conducted with mono layers can be undertaken.

  14. Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson associated with a W Boson using Matrix Element Technique in the CDF detector at the Tevatron

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gonzalez, Barbara Alvarez

    In this thesis a direct search for the Standard Model Higgs boson production in association with a W boson at the CDF detector in the Tevatron is presented. This search contributes predominantly in the region of low mass Higgs region, when the mass of Higgs boson is less than about 135 GeV. The search is performed in a final state where the Higgs boson decays into two b quarks, and the W boson decays leptonically, to a charged lepton (it can be an electron or a muon) and a neutrino. This work is organized as follows. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the Standard Model theory of particle physics and presents the SM Higgs boson search results at LEP, and the Tevatron colliders, as well as the prospects for the SM Higgs boson searches at the LHC. The dataset used in this analysis corresponds to 4.8 fb -1 of integrated luminosity of pmore » $$\\bar{p}$$ collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. That is the luminosity acquired between the beginning of the CDF Run II experiment, February 2002, and May 2009. The relevant aspects, for this analysis, of the Tevatron accelerator and the CDF detector are shown in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4 the particles and observables that make up the WH final state, electrons, muons, E T, and jets are presented. The CDF standard b-tagging algorithms to identify b jets, and the neural network flavor separator to distinguish them from other flavor jets are also described in Chapter 4. The main background contributions are those coming from heavy flavor production processes, such as those coming from Wbb, Wcc or Wc and tt. The signal and background signatures are discussed in Chapter 5 together with the Monte CArlo generators that have been used to simulate almost all the events used in this thesis. WH candidate events have a high-p T lepton (electron or muon), high missing transverse energy, and two or more than two jets in the final state. Chapter 6 describes the event selection applied in this analysis and the method used to estimate the background contribution. The Matrix Element method, that was successfully used in the single top discovery analysis and many other analyses within the CDF collaboration, is the multivariate technique used in this thesis to discriminate signal from background events. With this technique is possible to calculate a probability for an event to be classified as signal or background. These probabilities are then combined into a discriminant function called the Event Probability Discriminant, EPD, which increases the sensitivity of the WH process. This method is described in detail in Chapter 7. As no evidence for the signal has been found, the results obtained with this work are presented in Chapter 8 in terms of exclusion regions as a function of the mass of the Higgs boso, taking into account the full systematics. The conclusions of this work to obtain the PhD are presnted in Chapter 9.« less

  15. Algorithm Updates for the Fourth SeaWiFS Data Reprocessing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hooker, Stanford, B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); Patt, Frederick S.; Barnes, Robert A.; Eplee, Robert E., Jr.; Franz, Bryan A.; Robinson, Wayne D.; Feldman, Gene Carl; Bailey, Sean W.

    2003-01-01

    The efforts to improve the data quality for the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data products have continued, following the third reprocessing of the global data set in May 2000. Analyses have been ongoing to address all aspects of the processing algorithms, particularly the calibration methodologies, atmospheric correction, and data flagging and masking. All proposed changes were subjected to rigorous testing, evaluation and validation. The results of these activities culminated in the fourth reprocessing, which was completed in July 2002. The algorithm changes, which were implemented for this reprocessing, are described in the chapters of this volume. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the activities leading up to the fourth reprocessing, and summarizes the effects of the changes. Chapter 2 describes the modifications to the on-orbit calibration, specifically the focal plane temperature correction and the temporal dependence. Chapter 3 describes the changes to the vicarious calibration, including the stray light correction to the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) data and improved data screening procedures. Chapter 4 describes improvements to the near-infrared (NIR) band correction algorithm. Chapter 5 describes changes to the atmospheric correction and the oceanic property retrieval algorithms, including out-of-band corrections, NIR noise reduction, and handling of unusual conditions. Chapter 6 describes various changes to the flags and masks, to increase the number of valid retrievals, improve the detection of the flag conditions, and add new flags. Chapter 7 describes modifications to the level-la and level-3 algorithms, to improve the navigation accuracy, correct certain types of spacecraft time anomalies, and correct a binning logic error. Chapter 8 describes the algorithm used to generate the SeaWiFS photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) product. Chapter 9 describes a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, which is used in one of the changes described in Chapter 4. Finally, Chapter 10 describes a comparison of results from the third and fourth reprocessings along the US. Northeast coast.

  16. Decision tree and ensemble learning algorithms with their applications in bioinformatics.

    PubMed

    Che, Dongsheng; Liu, Qi; Rasheed, Khaled; Tao, Xiuping

    2011-01-01

    Machine learning approaches have wide applications in bioinformatics, and decision tree is one of the successful approaches applied in this field. In this chapter, we briefly review decision tree and related ensemble algorithms and show the successful applications of such approaches on solving biological problems. We hope that by learning the algorithms of decision trees and ensemble classifiers, biologists can get the basic ideas of how machine learning algorithms work. On the other hand, by being exposed to the applications of decision trees and ensemble algorithms in bioinformatics, computer scientists can get better ideas of which bioinformatics topics they may work on in their future research directions. We aim to provide a platform to bridge the gap between biologists and computer scientists.

  17. Measurement of Mitochondrial Respiration in Isolated Protoplasts: Cytochrome and Alternative Pathways.

    PubMed

    Sunil, Bobba; Raghavendra, Agepati S

    2017-01-01

    The electron partitioning between COX and AOX pathways of mitochondria and their coordination is necessary to meet the energy demands as well as to maintain optimized redox status in plants under varying environmental conditions. The relative contribution of these two pathways to total respiration is an important measure during a given stress condition. We describe in detail the procedure that allows the measurement of the parameters of COX and AOX pathway of respiration in mesophyll protoplasts using Clark-type O 2 electrode. This chapter also lists the steps for rapid isolation procedure for mesophyll protoplasts from pea leaves. The advantages and limitations of the use of metabolic inhibitors and the protoplasts for measuring the respiration are also briefly discussed.

  18. MET receptor tyrosine kinase as an autism genetic risk factor.

    PubMed

    Peng, Yun; Huentelman, Matthew; Smith, Christopher; Qiu, Shenfeng

    2013-01-01

    In this chapter, we will briefly discuss recent literature on the role of MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) in brain development and how perturbation of MET signaling may alter normal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Recent human genetic studies have established MET as a risk factor for autism, and the molecular and cellular underpinnings of this genetic risk are only beginning to emerge from obscurity. Unlike many autism risk genes that encode synaptic proteins, the spatial and temporal expression pattern of MET RTK indicates this signaling system is ideally situated to regulate neuronal growth, functional maturation, and establishment of functional brain circuits, particularly in those brain structures involved in higher levels of cognition, social skills, and executive functions. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Sexuality education: Finnish and Chilean experiences.

    PubMed

    Apter, Dan; Molina Cartes, Ramiro

    2012-01-01

    All children and young people have the right to age-appropriate sexuality education regardless of gender, sexual orientation, ability or faith. Sexuality education provides knowledge, skills and positive values to determine and enjoy their sexuality, have safe, fulfilling relationships if one so wishes and decides, and to take responsibility for their own and for a possible partner's sexual health and well-being. Several international programs have been developed and recently published by the Population Council, IPPF and other coworkers, by UNICEF, and by WHO Europe. This chapter will briefly describe recent global development in sexuality education, and then, as examples, experience from two countries, Finland and Chile. The experiences from these school based programs suggest an important role of sexuality education. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  20. Population and Environment

    PubMed Central

    de Sherbinin, Alex; Carr, David; Cassels, Susan; Jiang, Leiwen

    2009-01-01

    The interactions between human population dynamics and the environment have often been viewed mechanistically. This review elucidates the complexities and contextual specificities of population-environment relationships in a number of domains. It explores the ways in which demographers and other social scientists have sought to understand the relationships among a full range of population dynamics (e.g., population size, growth, density, age and sex composition, migration, urbanization, vital rates) and environmental changes. The chapter briefly reviews a number of the theories for understanding population and the environment and then proceeds to provide a state-of-the-art review of studies that have examined population dynamics and their relationship to five environmental issue areas. The review concludes by relating population-environment research to emerging work on human-environment systems. PMID:20011237

  1. Adolescent brain development and the mature minor doctrine.

    PubMed

    Silber, Tomas J

    2011-08-01

    The medical rights of minors have been questioned, especially due to information on adolescent brain development and studies on adolescent decision-making. This chapter briefly introduces the mature minor doctrine (MMD) and its history, justification, and practice and then presents some of the objections to the MMD. The article then highlights new knowledge about adolescent brain development (ABD) and what this may contribute to this debate and describes "hot cognition" and "cold cognition". It concludes by alerting the reader to the danger of making inappropriate use of the discoveries of brain science and proposing a prudent approach to adolescent consent and confidentiality, one that incorporates the new knowledge on ABD without "turning back the clock" on the medical rights of minors.

  2. Finding the Higgs boson of the standard model in the channel ZH → e +e -b$$\\bar{b}$$ with the D0 detector at the Tevatron; Recherche du boson de Higgs du nideke standard dans le canal ZH → e +e -b$$\\bar{b}$$ avec le detecteur DØ aupres du Tevatron (in French)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Calpas, Betty Constante

    2010-06-11

    The organization of this thesis consists of three main ideas: the first presents the theoretical framework and experimental, as well as objects used in the analysis and the second relates to the various work tasks of service that I performed on the calorimeter, and the third is the search for the Higgs boson in the channel ZH → e +e -bmore » $$\\bar{b}$$. Thus, this thesis has the following structure: Chapter 1 is an introduction to the standard model of particle physics and the Higgs mechanism; Chapter 2 is an overview of the complex and the acceleration of the Tevatron at Fermilab DØ detector; Chapter 3 is an introduction to physical objects used in this thesis; Chapter 4 presents the study made on correcting the energy measured in the calorimeter; Chapter 5 describes the study of certification of electrons in the calorimeter; Chapter 6 describes the study of certification of electrons in the intercryostat region of calorimeter; Chapter 7 Detailed analysis on the search for Higgs production in the channel ZH → e +e -b$$\\bar{b}$$; and Chapter 8 presents the final results of the calculations of upper limits to the production cross section of the Higgs boson on a range of low masses.« less

  3. Molecular precursor routes to transition metal sulfides

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dinnage, Christopher Walker

    This thesis is primarily concerned with the synthesis of homoleptic early transition meta thiolates and the subsequent preparation of bulk and thin-film metal disulfides from these compounds. Chapter 1 gives an introduction into the properties, preparation procedures and uses of bulk and thin-film transition metal disulfides as well as giving an overview of early transition metal thiolates synthesied so far in the literature (for titanium, zirconium, tantalum and niobium). Chapter 2 is concerned with the synthesis of a number of ionic and neutral transition metal thiolates. The main synthetic methodologies discussed in this chapter include substitution reactions of transition metal amides and alkyls with thiols, salt metathesis reactions of transition metal chlorides with alkali metal thiolates or with a base / thiol and the use of Grignard reagents. Chapter 3 discusses the preparation of bulk transition metal disulfides using the thiolates prepared in the previous chapter via a thio "sol-gel" route. The preparation of a range of bulk metal and mixed-metal disulfides using transition metal chlorides and hexamethyldisilathiane is also discussed in this chapter. Finally, chapter 4 is concerned with the attempted preparation of thin-films of some transition metal disulfides. Decomposition studies of some of the thiolates prepared in chapter 2 are discussed using thermal gravimetric analysis. Vapour-phase deposition studies are also explored in order to test the potential of the transition metal thiolates as precursors to the disulfides. Experiments using low-pressure chemical vapour deposition and aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition are also described.

  4. Medicare program; revisions to payment policies under the Physician Fee Schedule, and other part B payment policies for CY 2008; delay of the date of applicability of the revised anti-markup provisions for certain services furnished in certain locations (Sec. 414.50). Final rule.

    PubMed

    2008-01-03

    This final rule delays until January 1, 2009 the applicability of the anti-markup provisions in Sec. 414.50, as revised at 72 FR 66222, except with respect to the technical component of a purchased diagnostic test and with respect to any anatomic pathology diagnostic testing services furnished in space that: Is utilized by a physician group practice as a "centralized building" (as defined at Sec. 411.351 of this chapter) for purposes of complying with the physician self-referral rules; and does not qualify as a "same building" under Sec. 411.355(b)(2)(i) of this chapter.

  5. NASAwide electronic publishing system: Prototype STI electronic document distribution, stage-4 evaluation report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tuey, Richard C.; Collins, Mary; Caswell, Pamela; Haynes, Bob; Nelson, Michael L.; Holm, Jeanne; Buquo, Lynn; Tingle, Annette; Cooper, Bill; Stiltner, Roy

    1996-01-01

    This evaluation report contains an introduction, seven chapters, and five appendices. The Introduction describes the purpose, conceptual frame work, functional description, and technical report server of the STI Electronic Document Distribution (EDD) project. Chapter 1 documents the results of the prototype STI EDD in actual operation. Chapter 2 documents each NASA center's post processing publication processes. Chapter 3 documents each center's STI software, hardware, and communications configurations. Chapter 7 documents STI EDD policy, practices, and procedures. The appendices, which arc contained in Part 2 of this document, consist of (1) STI EDD Project Plan, (2) Team members, (3) Phasing Schedules, (4) Accessing On-line Reports, and (5) Creating an HTML File and Setting Up an xTRS. In summary, Stage 4 of the NASAwide Electronic Publishing System is the final phase of its implementation through the prototyping and gradual integration of each NASA center's electronic printing systems, desktop publishing systems, and technical report servers to be able to provide to NASA's engineers, researchers, scientists, and external users the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of information concerning its activities and the result thereof to their work stations.

  6. NASAwide electronic publishing system-prototype STI electronic document distribution: Stage-4 evaluation report. Part 2; Appendices

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tuey, Richard C.; Collins, Mary; Caswell, Pamela; Haynes, Bob; Nelson, Michael L.; Holm, Jeanne; Buquo, Lynn; Tingle, Annette; Cooper, Bill; Stiltner, Roy

    1996-01-01

    This evaluation report contains an introduction, seven chapters, and five appendices. The Introduction describes the purpose, conceptual framework, functional description, and technical report server of the Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Electronic Document Distribution (EDD) project. Chapter 1 documents the results of the prototype STI EDD in actual operation. Chapter 2 documents each NASA center's post processing publication processes. Chapter 3 documents each center's STI software, hardware. and communications configurations. Chapter 7 documents STI EDD policy, practices, and procedures. The appendices consist of (A) the STI EDD Project Plan, (B) Team members, (C) Phasing Schedules, (D) Accessing On-line Reports, and (E) Creating an HTML File and Setting Up an xTRS. In summary, Stage 4 of the NASAwide Electronic Publishing System is the final phase of its implementation through the prototyping and gradual integration of each NASA center's electronic printing systems, desk top publishing systems, and technical report servers, to be able to provide to NASA's engineers, researchers, scientists, and external users, the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of information concerning its activities and the result thereof to their work stations.

  7. Concepts first: A course with improved educational outcomes and parity for underrepresented minority groups

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Webb, D. J.

    2017-08-01

    Two active learning physics courses were taught and compared. The "concepts first" course was organized to teach only concepts in the first part of the class, the ultimate goal being to increase students' problem-solving abilities much later in the class. The other course was taught in the same quarter by the same instructor using the same curricular materials, but covered material in the standard (chapter-by-chapter) order. After accounting for incoming student characteristics, students from the concepts-first course scored significantly better in two outcome measures: their grade on the final exam and the grade received in their subsequent physics course. Moreover, in the concepts-first class course, students from groups underrepresented in physics had final exam scores and class grades that were indistinguishable from other students. Finally, students who took at least one concepts-first course in introductory physics were found to have significantly higher rates of graduation with a STEM major than students from this cohort who did not.

  8. Paleobiologic Studies of the Antiquity and Precambrian Evolution of Life

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schopf, J. William

    1998-01-01

    This paper presents a final technical report on Paleobiologic Studies of the Antiquity and Precambrian Evolution of Life from 1 January 1990 - 30 September 1997. The topics include: 1) Major Research Accomplishments Supported By NAGW-2147 (Research Results Communicated in Edited Books, Research Results Communicated in Journal Articles and Book Chapters, and References Cited); and 2) Published Contributions Supported by NAGW-2147 (Edited Books, Journal Articles and Book Chapters, Book-Related Items, Miscellaneous Publications, Abstracts, and In Press).

  9. The Washington State Technology Plan for the K-12 Common School System. Sections 701-703, Chapter 336, Laws of 1993 (Engrossed Substitute House Bill 1209) as Amended by Chapter 245, Laws of 1994. Report to the Legislature.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Washington Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia.

    This final report for the Washington State Technology Plan for K-12 Common Schools provides a vision, long-term framework, and recommendations for implementation. Following an executive summary and a list of committee members, the first section of the report discusses technology in K-12 schools of tomorrow, including legislative charge, vision,…

  10. Whither Performance Contracting?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Green, Norman S.

    This report describes briefly performance contracts; discusses their shortcomings, pitfalls, and advantages; and gives some insight into the future development of this new concept. Two shortcomings of performance contracting include (1) teaching to the test and (2) board abdication of its responsibility for making final decisions about educational…

  11. Waterborne traffic Paints : a study for the potential improvement in drying time and cost-effectiveness : final report

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2000-05-15

    This report analyzes possibilities for developing an alternative to the present technology of 100% acrylic waterborne (WB) paints used for road delineation. The current market situation is briefly reviewed, and alternatives considered. The requiremen...

  12. Chapter 4: Low compaction grading to enhance reforestation success on coal surface mines

    Treesearch

    R. Sweigard; J. Burger; C. Zipper; J. Skousen; C. Barton; P. Angel

    2017-01-01

    This Forest Reclamation Advisory describes final-grading techniques for reclaiming coal surface mines to forest postmining land uses. Final grading that leaves a loose soil and a rough surface increases survival of planted seedlings and forest productivity. Such practices are often less costly than traditional "smooth grading" while meeting the requirements...

  13. 77 FR 11367 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Extension of the Department of Defense Mentor...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Acquisition Regulations System 48 CFR Part 219 and Appendix I to Chapter 2 RIN 0750-AH59 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Extension of the Department of... Regulations System, Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: DoD is issuing this final rule...

  14. 76 FR 21812 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Ownership or Control by a Foreign Government...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-19

    ... (44 U.S.C. chapter 35). List of Subjects in 48 CFR Parts 209 and 252 Government procurement. Mary...-AG78 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Ownership or Control by a Foreign Government...). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: DoD is adopting as a final rule, without change, an interim rule that...

  15. South Dakota Statewide Core Curriculum, Career Ladder and Challenge System: Volumes I and II. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    1975

    The two volume final report of the South Dakota Statewide Core Curriculum, Career Ladder, and Challenge System Project, coordinating associated health and nursing education on a statewide basis to achieve a more systematic production and utilization of health manpower, is presented. Volume 1 includes five chapters: (1) and (2) outlining funding…

  16. 76 FR 53057 - Change to the Reporting Date for Certain Data Elements Required Under the Mandatory Reporting of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-25

    ..., blast furnaces, basic oxygen process furnace shops. Lead Production 331419 Primary lead smelting and.... Chapter 5, generally provides that rules may not take effect earlier than 30 days after they are published... behavior and prepare before the final rule takes effect. Because this final rule defers a reporting...

  17. 78 FR 23588 - Final Supplementary Rules for the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-19

    ... Conservation Area (NCA), addressed in the September 2008 Resource Management Plan (RMP) and Record of Decision... an array of management actions designed to conserve natural and cultural resources on BLM... analysis can be found in Chapter 4 of the Proposed Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact...

  18. Development in electrophoresis: instrumentation for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of protein separation and application of capillary electrophoresis in micro-bioanalysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Xu, Aoshuang

    2008-01-01

    This dissertation begins with a general introduction of topics related to this work. The following chapters contain three scientific manuscripts, each presented in a separate chapter with accompanying tables, figures, and literature citations. The final chapter summarizes the work and provides some prospective on this work. This introduction starts with a brief treatment of the basic principles of electrophoresis separation, followed by a discussion of gel electrophoresis and particularly polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for protein separation, a summary of common capillary electrophoresis separation modes, and a brief treatment of micro-bioanalysis application of capillary electrophoresis, and ends with an overview of proteinmore » conformation and dynamics.« less

  19. SeaWiFS Postlaunch Technical Report Series. Volume 11; SeaWIFS Postlaunch Calibration and Validation Analyses

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); OReilly, John E.; Maritorena, Stephane; OBrien, Margaret C.; Siegel, David A.; Toole, Dierdre; Mueller, James L.; Mitchell, B. Greg; Kahru, Mati; hide

    2000-01-01

    Volume 11 continues the sequential presentation of postlaunch data analysis and algorithm descriptions begun in Volume 9. Chapters 1 and 2 present the OC2 (version 2) and OC4 (version 4) chlorophyll a algorithms used in the SeaWiFS data second and third reprocessings, August 1998 and May 2000, respectively. Chapter 3 describes a revision of the K(490) algorithm designed to use water-leaving radiances at 490 nm which was implemented for the third reprocessing. Finally, Chapter 4 is an analysis of in situ radiometer calibration data over several years at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) to establish the temporal consistency of their in-water optical measurements.

  20. Estimating abundance

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sutherland, Chris; Royle, Andy

    2016-01-01

    This chapter provides a non-technical overview of ‘closed population capture–recapture’ models, a class of well-established models that are widely applied in ecology, such as removal sampling, covariate models, and distance sampling. These methods are regularly adopted for studies of reptiles, in order to estimate abundance from counts of marked individuals while accounting for imperfect detection. Thus, the chapter describes some classic closed population models for estimating abundance, with considerations for some recent extensions that provide a spatial context for the estimation of abundance, and therefore density. Finally, the chapter suggests some software for use in data analysis, such as the Windows-based program MARK, and provides an example of estimating abundance and density of reptiles using an artificial cover object survey of Slow Worms (Anguis fragilis).

  1. Inorganic-organic electrolyte materials for energy applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fei, Shih-To

    This thesis research is devoted to the development of phosphazene-based electrolyte materials for use in various energy applications. Phosphazenes are inorganic-organic materials that provide unusal synthetic advantages and unique process features that make them useful in energy research. This particular thesis consists of six chapters and is focused on four specific aspects: lithium battery, solar cell, and fuel cell electrolytes, and artificial muscles. Chapter 1 is written as an introduction and review of phosphazene electrolytes used in energy applications. In this introduction the basic history and characteristics of the phosphazenes are discussed briefly, followed by examples of current and future applications of phosphazene electrolytes related to energy. Notes are included on how the rest of the chapters relate to previous work. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss the conductivity and fire safety of ethyleneoxy phosphazene gel electrolytes. The current highly flammable configurations for rechargeable lithium batteries generate serious safety concerns. Although commercial fire retardant additives have been investigated, they tend to decrease the overall efficiency of the battery. In these two chapters the discussion is focused on ionically conductive, non-halogenated lithium battery additives based on a methoxyethoxyethoxyphosphazene oligomer and the corresponding high polymer, both of which can increase the fire resistance of a battery while retaining a high energy efficiency. Conductivities in the range of 10 -4 Scm-1 have been obtained for self-extinguishing, ion-conductive methoxyethoxyethoxyphosphazene oligomers. The addition of 25 wt% high polymeric poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] to propylene carbonate electrolytes lowers the flammability by 90% while maintaining a good ionic conductivity of 2.5x10--3 Scm -1 Chapter 2 is focused more on the electrochemical properties of the electrolytes and how they compare to other similar materials, while Chapter 3 emphasizes the flammability studies. Chapter 4 expands the application of the ethyleneoxy phosphazene system to dye sensitized solar cell systems, and uses this material as a model for the study of electrode-electrolyte interfaces. We report here the results of our study on polymer electrolyte infiltration and its effect on dye-sensitized solar cells. In-depth studies have been made to compare the effects of different cell assembly procedures on the electrochemical properties as well as infiltration of electrolytes into various electrode designs. The first part of the study is based on the use of thermoplastic phosphazene electrolytes and how the overall fabrication procedure affects electrochemical performance, and the second is the use of cross-section microscopy to characterize the degree of electrolyte infiltration into various nanostructured titanium dioxide electrode surfaces. The results of this study should eventually improve the efficiency and longevity of thermally stable polymer dye solar cell systems. In Chapter 5 the effect of pendant polymer design on methanol fuel cell membrane performance was investigated. A synthetic method is described to produce a proton conductive polymer membrane with a polynorbornane backbone and inorganic-organic cyclic phosphazene pendent groups that bear sulfonic acid units. This hybrid polymer combines the inherent hydrophobicity and flexibility of the organic polymer with the tuning advantages of the cyclic phosphazene to produce a membrane with high proton conductivity and low methanol crossover at room temperature. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), the water swelling behavior of the polymer, and the effect of gamma radiation crosslinking were studied, together with the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of these materials. A typical membrane had an IEC of 0.329 mmolg-1 and had water swelling of 50 wt%. The maximum proton conductivity of 1.13x10 -4 Scm-1 at room temperature is less than values reported for some commercially available materials such as Nafion. However the average methanol permeability was around 10-9 cms-1, which is one hundred times smaller than the value for Nafion. Thus, the new polymers are candidates for low-temperature direct methanol fuel cell membranes. Finally, Chapter 6 focuses on the electroactivity of a mixed-substituent phosphazene electrolyte and its viability as an actuator material. We report here an electrochemically responsive polymer hydrogel based on ionic crosslinking. The crosslinking by metal cations and anionic carboxylic acid side groups can be controlled by redox reactions. The crosslinks dissociate when the cation crosslinker is reduced to a lower oxidation state and reform following oxidation, which leads to a reversible and localized swelling--contraction. By choosing biocompatible components and miniaturization designs, the system has potential in microrobotic and biomedical applications.

  2. Signaling pathways relevant to cognition-enhancing drug targets.

    PubMed

    Ménard, Caroline; Gaudreau, Pierrette; Quirion, Rémi

    2015-01-01

    Aging is generally associated with a certain cognitive decline. However, individual differences exist. While age-related memory deficits can be observed in humans and rodents in the absence of pathological conditions, some individuals maintain intact cognitive functions up to an advanced age. The mechanisms underlying learning and memory processes involve the recruitment of multiple signaling pathways and gene expression, leading to adaptative neuronal plasticity and long-lasting changes in brain circuitry. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of how these signaling cascades could be modulated by cognition-enhancing agents favoring memory formation and successful aging. It focuses on data obtained in rodents, particularly in the rat as it is the most common animal model studied in this field. First, we will discuss the role of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and its receptors, downstream signaling effectors [e.g., calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)], associated immediate early gene (e.g., Homer 1a, Arc and Zif268), and growth factors [insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Second, the impact of the cholinergic system and related modulators on memory will be briefly reviewed. Finally, since dynorphin neuropeptides have recently been associated with memory impairments in aging, it is proposed as an attractive target to develop novel cognition-enhancing agents.

  3. Enrichment, Isolation and Molecular Characterization of EpCAM-Negative Circulating Tumor Cells.

    PubMed

    Lampignano, Rita; Schneck, Helen; Neumann, Martin; Fehm, Tanja; Neubauer, Hans

    2017-01-01

    The presence of EpCAM-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood is associated with poor clinical outcomes in breast, colorectal and prostate cancer, as well as the prognosis of other tumor types. In addition, recent studies have suggested that the presence of CTCs undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and, as such, may exhibit reduced or no expression of epithelial proteins e.g. EpCAM, might be related to disease progression in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. Analyzing the neoplastic nature of this EpCAM-low/negative (EpCAM-neg) subpopulation remains an open issue as the current standard detection methods for CTCs are not efficient at identifying this subpopulation of cells. The possible association of EpCAM-neg CTCs with EpCAM-positive (EpCAM-pos) CTCs and role in the clinicopathological features and prognosis of MBC patients has still to be demonstrated. Several technologies have been developed and are currently being tested for the identification and the downstream analyses of EpCAM-pos CTCs. These technologies can be adapted and implemented into workflows to isolate and investigate EpCAM-neg cells to understand their biology and clinical relevance. This chapter will endeavour to explain the rationale behind the identification and analyses of all CTC subgroups, as well as to review the current strategies employed to enrich, isolate and characterize EpCAM-negative CTCs. Finally, the latest findings in the field will briefly be discussed with regard to their clinical relevance.

  4. ETV/ESTE RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION PROJECT

    EPA Science Inventory

    The final product for book chapter is not available for this material. If further information is needed, please refer to the bibliographic citation and contact the person listed under the Contract Field.

  5. Manpower Policies and the Disadvantaged

    DTIC Science & Technology

    disadvantaged . The history of manpower policy in the United States is briefly reviewed as are some of the more important pieces of legislation. This leads...to a discussion of programs in being, followed by a section on barriers to employment which the disadvantaged must surmount. Finally,the paper

  6. Digital and multimedia forensics justified: An appraisal on professional policy and legislation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Popejoy, Amy Lynnette

    Recent progress in professional policy and legislation at the federal level in the field of forensic science constructs a transformation of new outcomes for future experts. An exploratory and descriptive qualitative methodology was used to critique and examine Digital and Multimedia Science (DMS) as a justified forensic discipline. Chapter I summarizes Recommendations 1, 2, and 10 of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Report 2009 regarding disparities and challenges facing the forensic science community. Chapter I also delivers the overall foundation and framework of this thesis, specifically how it relates to DMS. Chapter II expands on Recommendation 1: "The Promotion and Development of Forensic Science," and focuses chronologically on professional policy and legislative advances through 2014. Chapter III addresses Recommendation 2: "The Standardization of Terminology in Reporting and Testimony," and the issues of legal language and terminology, model laboratory reports, and expert testimony concerning DMS case law. Chapter IV analyzes Recommendation 10: "Insufficient Education and Training," identifying legal awareness for the digital and multimedia examiner to understand the role of the expert witness, the attorney, the judge and the admission of forensic science evidence in litigation in our criminal justice system. Finally, Chapter V studies three DME specific laboratories at the Texas state, county, and city level, concentrating on current practice and procedure.

  7. On the use of higher order wave forms in the search for gravitational waves emitted by compact binary coalescences

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McKechan, David J. A.

    2010-11-01

    This thesis concerns the use, in gravitational wave data analysis, of higher order wave form models of the gravitational radiation emitted by compact binary coalescences. We begin with an introductory chapter that includes an overview of the theory of general relativity, gravitational radiation and ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors. We then discuss, in Chapter 2, the gravitational waves emitted by compact binary coalescences, with an explanation of higher order waveforms and how they differ from leading order waveforms we also introduce the post-Newtonian formalism. In Chapter 3 the method and results of a gravitational wave search for low mass compact binary coalescences using a subset of LIGO's 5th science run data are presented and in the subsequent chapter we examine how one could use higher order waveforms in such analyses. We follow the development of a new search algorithm that incorporates higher order waveforms with promising results for detection efficiency and parameter estimation. In Chapter 5, a new method of windowing time-domain waveforms that offers benefit to gravitational wave searches is presented. The final chapter covers the development of a game designed as an outreach project to raise public awareness and understanding of the search for gravitational waves.

  8. The NASA/National Space Science Data Center trapped radiation environment model program, 1964 - 1991

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vette, James I.

    1991-01-01

    The major effort that NASA, initially with the help of the United States Air Force (USAF), carried out for 27 years to synthesize the experimental and theoretical results of space research related to energetic charged particles into a quantitative description of the terrestrial trapped radiation environment in the form of model environments is detailed. The effort is called the Trapped Radiation Environment Modeling Program (TREMP). In chapter 2 the historical background leading to the establishment of this program is given. Also, the purpose of this modeling program as established by the founders of the program is discussed. This is followed in chapter 3 by the philosophy and approach that was applied in this program throughout its lifetime. As will be seen, this philosophy led to the continuation of the program long after it would have expired. The highlights of the accomplishments are presented in chapter 4. A view to future possible efforts in this arena is given in chapter 5, mainly to pass on to future workers the differences that are perceived from these many years of experience. Chapter 6 is an appendix that details the chronology of the development of TREMP. Finally, the references, which document the work accomplished over these years, are presented in chapter 7.

  9. Regional demand forecasting and simulation model: user's manual. Task 4, final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Parhizgari, A M

    1978-09-25

    The Department of Energy's Regional Demand Forecasting Model (RDFOR) is an econometric and simulation system designed to estimate annual fuel-sector-region specific consumption of energy for the US. Its purposes are to (1) provide the demand side of the Project Independence Evaluation System (PIES), (2) enhance our empirical insights into the structure of US energy demand, and (3) assist policymakers in their decisions on and formulations of various energy policies and/or scenarios. This report provides a self-contained user's manual for interpreting, utilizing, and implementing RDFOR simulation software packages. Chapters I and II present the theoretical structure and the simulation of RDFOR,more » respectively. Chapter III describes several potential scenarios which are (or have been) utilized in the RDFOR simulations. Chapter IV presents an overview of the complete software package utilized in simulation. Chapter V provides the detailed explanation and documentation of this package. The last chapter describes step-by-step implementation of the simulation package using the two scenarios detailed in Chapter III. The RDFOR model contains 14 fuels: gasoline, electricity, natural gas, distillate and residual fuels, liquid gases, jet fuel, coal, oil, petroleum products, asphalt, petroleum coke, metallurgical coal, and total fuels, spread over residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.« less

  10. 21 CFR 900.25 - Hearings and appeals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...) Opportunities to challenge final adverse actions taken by FDA regarding approval of certification agencies or... informal hearings in accordance with part 16 of this chapter. (b) A facility that has been denied...

  11. Setting the Record Straight: Bottom-Up Carbon Nanostructures via Solid-State Reactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jordan, Robert Stanley

    Chapter 1 describes the development and spectroscopic investigation of a novel synthetic route to N = 8 armchair graphene nanoribbons from polydiacetylene polymers. Four distinct diphenyl polydiacetylene polymers are produced from the crystal-phase topochemical polymerization of their corresponding diphenyl-1,4-butadiynes. These polydiacetylene polymers are transformed into spectroscopically indistinguishable N = 8 armchair graphene nanoribbons via simple heating in the bulk, solid-state. The stepwise transformation of polydiacetylenes to graphene nanoribbons is examined in detail by the use of complementary spectroscopic methods, namely solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The final morphology and width of the nanoribbons is established through the use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Chapter 2 chronicles the implementation of a similar approach to N = 12 armchair graphene nanoribbons from a dinaphthyl substituted polydiacetylene polymer. The mild nature of the process and pristine structure of the nanoribbons is again confirmed with the use of spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The chapter concludes with preliminary electrical measurements of the nanoribbons confirming that they are indeed conductive. Chapter 3 details the development of a synthetic route to diaryl trans-enediynes as structural models of individual reactive units within a polydiacetylene polymer. The trans-enediynes described are found to undergo three distinct annulation reactions depending on reaction conditions. Finally, the synthetic routes developed are utilized to access diethynyl [5]helicenes and phenanthrenes which fueled studies on the mechanism of the Bergman polymerization reaction.

  12. Advances in integration of photovoltaic power and energy production in practical systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fartaria, Tomas Oliveira

    This thesis presents advances in integration of photovoltaic (PV) power and energy in practical systems, such as existing power plants in buildings or directly integrated in the public electrical grid. It starts by providing an analyze of the current state of PV power and some of its limitations. The work done in this thesis begins by providing a model to compute mutual shading in large PV plants, and after provides a study of the integration of a PV plant in a biogas power plant. The remainder sections focus on the work done for project PVCROPS, which consisted on the construction and operation of two prototypes composed of a PV system and a novel battery connected to a building and to the public electrical grid. These prototypes were then used to test energy management strategies and validate the suitability of the two advanced batteries (a lithium-ion battery and a vanadium redox ow battery) for households (BIPV) and PV plants. This thesis is divided in 7 chapters: Chapter 1 provides an introduction to explain and develop the main research questions studied for this thesis; Chapter 2 presents the development of a ray-tracing model to compute shading in large PV elds (with or without trackers); Chapter 3 shows the simulation of hybridizing a biogas plant with a PV plant, using biogas as energy storage; Chapters 4 and 5 present the construction, programming, and initial operation of both prototypes (Chapter 4), EMS testing oriented to BIPV systems (Chapter 5). Finally, Chapters 6 provides some future lines of investigation that can follow this thesis, and Chapter 7 shows a synopsis of the main conclusions of this work.

  13. Bit patterned media with composite structure for microwave assisted magnetic recording

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Eibagi, Nasim

    Patterned magnetic nano-structures are under extensive research due to their interesting emergent physics and promising applications in high-density magnetic data storage, through magnetic logic to bio-magnetic functionality. Bit-patterned media is an example of such structures which is a leading candidate to reach magnetic densities which cannot be achieved by conventional magnetic media. Patterned arrays of complex heterostructures such as exchange-coupled composites are studied in this thesis as a potential for next generation of magnetic recording media. Exchange-coupled composites have shown new functionality and performance advantages in magnetic recording and bit patterned media provide unique capability to implement such architectures. Due to unique resonant properties of such structures, their possible application in spin transfer torque memory and microwave assisted switching is also studied. This dissertation is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter covers the history of magnetic recording, the need to increase magnetic storage density, and the challenges in the field. The second chapter introduces basic concepts of magnetism. The third chapter explains the fabrication methods for thin films and various lithographic techniques that were used to pattern the devices under study for this thesis. The fourth chapter introduces the exchanged coupled system with the structure of [Co/Pd] / Fe / [Co/Pd], where the thickness of Fe is varied, and presents the magnetic properties of such structures using conventional magnetometers. The fifth chapter goes beyond what is learned in the fourth chapter and utilizes polarized neutron reflectometry to study the vertical exchange coupling and reversal mechanism in patterned structures with such structure. The sixth chapter explores the dynamic properties of the patterned samples, and their reversal mechanism under microwave field. The final chapter summarizes the results and describes the prospects for future applications of these structures.

  14. World commercial aircraft accidents: 1st edition, 1946--1991

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kimura, C.Y.

    1992-02-01

    This report is a compilation of all accidents world-wide involving aircraft in commercial service which resulted in the loss of the airframe or one or more fatality, or both. This information has been gathered in order to present a complete inventory of commercial aircraft accidents. Events involving military action, sabotage, terrorist bombings, hijackings, suicides, and industrial ground accidents are included within this list. This report is organized into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter contains the compilation of accidents involving world commercial jet aircraft from 1952 to 1991. The third chapter presents a compilation ofmore » accidents involving world commercial turboprop aircraft from 1952 to 1991. The fourth chapter presents a compilation of accidents involving world commercial pistonprop aircraft with four or more engines from 1946 to 1991. Each accident compilation or database in chapters two, three and four is presented in chronological order. Each accident is presented with information the following categories: date of accident, airline or operator and its flight number (if known), type of flight, type of aircraft and model, aircraft registration number, construction number/manufacturers serial number, aircraft damage resulting from accident, accident flight phase, accident location, number of fatalities, number of occupants, references used to compile the information, and finally cause, remarks, or description (brief) of the accident. The fifth chapter presents a list of all commercial aircraft accidents for all aircraft types with 100 or more fatalities in order of decreasing number of fatalities. Chapter six presents the commercial aircraft accidents for all aircraft types by flight phase. Future editions of this report will have additional follow-on chapters which will present other studies still in preparation at the time this edition was being prepared.« less

  15. 76 FR 54162 - No Child Left Behind School Facilities and Construction Negotiated Rulemaking Committee-Notice of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-31

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Indian Affairs 25 CFR Chapter I No Child Left Behind School... Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs is announcing that the No Child Left Behind School Facilities and... purpose of the meeting is to finalize the language and appearance of a final report to Congress and the...

  16. A Process Evaluation of Project Developmental Continuity: Final Report of the PDC Feasibility Study, 1974-1977.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Love, John M.; And Others

    This is the final report of the 3-year feasibility phase of a projected 7-year longitudinal evaluation of Project Developmental Continuity (PDC), a Head Start demonstration program aimed at providing educational and developmental continuity between children's Head Start and primary school experiences. Chapter I gives an overview of the PDC program…

  17. 77 FR 13055 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Alabama: Removal of State Low-Reid Vapor...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-05

    ... proposed revision modifies Alabama's SIP to move Chapter 335-3-20 ``Control of Fuels,'' which includes the... sulfur and low-RVP requirements for the Birmingham Area pursuant to 211(c)(4)(C)(i). In a final...'s low sulfur and low-RVP requirements were necessary for the Birmingham Area to achieve the 1-hour...

  18. 78 FR 71903 - 2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule and Final Confidentiality Determinations for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-29

    ... companies, sinter plants, blast furnaces, basic oxygen process furnace shops. Lead Production 331419 Primary... Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. Chapter 5, generally provides that rules may not take effect earlier than 30 days... adjust their behavior and prepare before the final rule takes effect. To employ the 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3...

  19. Robust Vocabulary Instruction in a Readers' Workshop

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Feezell, Greg

    2012-01-01

    This article presents strategies for integrating explicit vocabulary instruction within a reading workshop. The author begins by describing a process for involving students in word selection. The author then provides a weeklong instructional sequence using student-selected words. Finally, the author briefly examines the role of vocabulary…

  20. 1999 Transit customer satisfaction index : final report : results of survey and conclusions

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2000-10-01

    The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the results and analysis of the data collected in the 1999 Florida Transit Properties Customer Satisfaction Index project, as well as to briefly review the data sources and the weighting methodo...

  1. Role of CCTs in the evolving domestic electricity market

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grahame, T.J.

    1997-12-31

    The paper summarizes the key points and issues in the role of clean coal technologies in the domestic marketplace. Then suggested solutions to bringing precommercial CCTs to the market are presented. Finally, the outlook for possible actions by government and the private sector are briefly discussed.

  2. Stars in Alignment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sailor, Wayne S.; McCart, Amy B.

    2014-01-01

    After decades of effort to create inclusive education, the authors assert that the time for full inclusion to manifest at scale may finally be at hand. This article first briefly considers the background and history of the inclusive education movement. The authors then reframe the discourse by defining inclusion through structures and…

  3. Better utilization of low-grade woods

    Treesearch

    Peter Koch

    1957-01-01

    The objective of this paper is threefold: to outline briefly some of the avenues of approach so far employed in utilizing low-grade wood, to comment on the economic aspects of the problem, and finally, to speculate about what developments the future might bring to the field of utilization.

  4. Simulation of phase equilibria

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martin, Marcus Gary

    The focus of this thesis is on the use of configurational bias Monte Carlo in the Gibbs ensemble. Unlike Metropolis Monte Carlo, which is reviewed in chapter I, configurational bias Monte Carlo uses an underlying Markov chain transition matrix which is asymmetric in such a way that it is more likely to attempt to move to a molecular conformation which has a lower energy than to one with a higher energy. Chapter II explains how this enables efficient simulation of molecules with complex architectures (long chains and branched molecules) for coexisting fluid phases (liquid, vapor, or supercritical), and also presents several of our recent extensions to this method. In chapter III we discuss the development of the Transferable Potentials for Phase Equilibria United Atom (TraPPE-UA) force field which accurately describes the fluid phase coexistence for linear and branched alkanes. Finally, in the fourth chapter the methods and the force field are applied to systems ranging from supercritical extraction to gas chromatography to illustrate the power and versatility of our approach.

  5. Industrial Sector Technology Use Model (ISTUM): industrial energy use in the United States, 1974-2000. Volume 4. Technology appendix. Final Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1979-10-01

    Volume IV of the ISTUM documentation gives information on the individual technology specifications, but relates closely with Chapter II of Volume I. The emphasis in that chapter is on providing an overview of where each technology fits into the general-model logic. Volume IV presents the actual cost structure and specification of every technology modeled in ISTUM. The first chapter presents a general overview of the ISTUM technology data base. It includes an explanation of the data base printouts and how the separate-cost building blocks are combined to derive an aggregate-technology cost. The remaining chapters are devoted to documenting the specific-technologymore » cost specifications. Technologies included are: conventional technologies (boiler and non-boiler conventional technologies); fossil-energy technologies (atmospheric fluidized bed combustion, low Btu coal and medium Btu coal gasification); cogeneration (steam, machine drive, and electrolytic service sectors); and solar and geothermal technologies (solar steam, solar space heat, and geothermal steam technologies), and conservation technologies.« less

  6. Energy use in the marine transportation industry: Task III. Efficiency improvements; Task IV. Industry future. Final report, Volume IV. [Projections for year 2000

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    1977-12-01

    Tasks III and IV measure the characteristics of potential research and development programs that could be applied to the maritime industry. It was necessary to identify potential operating scenarios for the maritime industry in the year 2000 and determine the energy consumption that would result given those scenarios. After the introductory chapter the operational, regulatory, and vessel-size scenarios for the year 2000 are developed in Chapter II. In Chapter III, future cargo flows and expected levels of energy use for the baseline 2000 projection are determined. In Chapter IV, the research and development programs are introduced into the future USmore » flag fleet and the energy-savings potential associated with each is determined. The first four appendices (A through D) describe each of the generic technologies. The fifth appendix (E) contains the baseline operating and cost parameters against which 15 program areas were evaluated. (MCW)« less

  7. The Calibration System of the E989 Experiment at Fermilab

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Anastasi, Antonio

    The muon anomaly aµ is one of the most precise quantity known in physics experimentally and theoretically. The high level of accuracy permits to use the measurement of aµ as a test of the Standard Model comparing with the theoretical calculation. After the impressive result obtained at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 2001 with a total accuracy of 0.54 ppm, a new experiment E989 is under construction at Fermilab, motivated by the diff of aexp SM µ - aµ ~ 3σ. The purpose of the E989 experiment is a fourfold reduction of the error, with a goal of 0.14 ppm,more » improving both the systematic and statistical uncertainty. With the use of the Fermilab beam complex a statistic of × 21 with respect to BNL will be reached in almost 2 years of data taking improving the statistical uncertainty to 0.1 ppm. Improvement on the systematic error involves the measurement technique of ωa and ωp, the anomalous precession frequency of the muon and the Larmor precession frequency of the proton respectively. The measurement of ωp involves the magnetic field measurement and improvements on this sector related to the uniformity of the field should reduce the systematic uncertainty with respect to BNL from 170 ppb to 70 ppb. A reduction from 180 ppb to 70 ppb is also required for the measurement of ωa; new DAQ, a faster electronics and new detectors and calibration system will be implemented with respect to E821 to reach this goal. In particular the laser calibration system will reduce the systematic error due to gain fl of the photodetectors from 0.12 to 0.02 ppm. The 0.02 ppm limit on systematic requires a system with a stability of 10 -4 on short time scale (700 µs) while on longer time scale the stability is at the percent level. The 10 -4 stability level required is almost an order of magnitude better than the existing laser calibration system in particle physics, making the calibration system a very challenging item. In addition to the high level of stability a particular environment, due to the presence of a 14 m diameter storage ring, a highly uniform magnetic field and the detector distribution around the storage ring, set specific guidelines and constraints. This thesis will focus on the final design of the Laser Calibration System developed for the E989 experiment. Chapter 1 introduces the subject of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon; chapter 2 presents previous measurement of g -2, while chapter 3 discusses the Standard Model prediction and possible new physics scenario. Chapter 4 describes the E989 experiment. In this chapter will be described the experimental technique and also will be presented the experimental apparatus focusing on the improvements necessary to reduce the statistical and systematic errors. The main item of the thesis is discussed in the last two chapters: chapter 5 is focused on the Laser Calibration system while chapter 6 describes the Test Beam performed at the Beam Test Facility of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati from the 29th February to the 7th March as a final test for the full calibrations system. An introduction explain the physics motivation of the system and the diff t devices implemented. In the final chapter the setup used will be described and some of the results obtained will be presented.« less

  8. Radiation Protection Studies of International Space Station Extravehicular Activity Space Suits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cucinotta, Francis A. (Editor); Shavers, Mark R. (Editor); Saganti, Premkumar B. (Editor); Miller, Jack (Editor)

    2003-01-01

    This publication describes recent investigations that evaluate radiation shielding characteristics of NASA's and the Russian Space Agency's space suits. The introduction describes the suits and presents goals of several experiments performed with them. The first chapter provides background information about the dynamic radiation environment experienced at ISS and summarized radiation health and protection requirements for activities in low Earth orbit. Supporting studies report the development and application of a computer model of the EMU space suit and the difficulty of shielding EVA crewmembers from high-energy reentrant electrons, a previously unevaluated component of the space radiation environment. Chapters 2 through 6 describe experiments that evaluate the space suits' radiation shielding characteristics. Chapter 7 describes a study of the potential radiological health impact on EVA crewmembers of two virtually unexamined environmental sources of high-energy electrons-reentrant trapped electrons and atmospheric albedo or "splash" electrons. The radiological consequences of those sources have not been evaluated previously and, under closer scrutiny. A detailed computational model of the shielding distribution provided by components of the NASA astronauts' EMU is being developed for exposure evaluation studies. The model is introduced in Chapters 8 and 9 and used in Chapter 10 to investigate how trapped particle anisotropy impacts female organ doses during EVA. Chapter 11 presents a review of issues related to estimating skin cancer risk form space radiation. The final chapter contains conclusions about the protective qualities of the suit brought to light form these studies, as well as recommendations for future operational radiation protection.

  9. Soviet Space Programs: 1976-80 (with Supplementary Data through 1983). Unmanned Space Activities. Part 3. Prepared at the Request of Hon. John C. Danforth, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

    This report, the third and final part of a three-part study of Soviet space programs, provides a comprehensive survey of the Soviet space science programs and the Soviet military space programs, including its long history of anti-satellite activity. Chapter 1 is an overview of the unmanned space programs (1957-83). Chapter 2 reports on significant…

  10. Engineering mechanics: statics and dynamics. [Textbook

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sandor, B.I.

    1983-01-01

    The purpose of this textbook is to provide engineering students with basic learning material about statics and dynamics which are fundamental engineering subjects. The chapters contain information on: an introduction to engineering mechanics; forces on particles, rigid bodies, and structures; kinetics of particles, particle systems, and rigid bodies in motion; kinematics; mechanical vibrations; and friction, work, moments of inertia, and potential energy. Each chapter contains introductory material, the development of the essential equations, worked-out example problems, homework problems, and, finally, summaries of the essential methods and equations, graphically illustrated where appropriate. (LCL)

  11. Lignocellulosic crop supply chains (eg, Miscanthus, switchgrass, reed canary grass, rye, giant reed, etc.) Chapter 12 of "Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining"

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Roni, Mohammad S.; Cafferty, Kara G.; Hess, J. Richard

    This chapter provides an overview of lignocellulosic crop supply chains such as Miscanthus, switch grass, reed canary grass, rye, and giant reed by outlining typical logistic operations in support of a liquid biofuel market. We present two strategies for managing feedstocks within the biomass supply system: (1) the conventional bale feedstock supply system and (2) the advanced supply system concept. Finally, we discuss feedstock blending and integrated landscape management as innovative improvements to the lignocellulosic crop supply chain.

  12. Planetary Radar

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neish, Catherine D.; Carter, Lynn M.

    2015-01-01

    This chapter describes the principles of planetary radar, and the primary scientific discoveries that have been made using this technique. The chapter starts by describing the different types of radar systems and how they are used to acquire images and accurate topography of planetary surfaces and probe their subsurface structure. It then explains how these products can be used to understand the properties of the target being investigated. Several examples of discoveries made with planetary radar are then summarized, covering solar system objects from Mercury to Saturn. Finally, opportunities for future discoveries in planetary radar are outlined and discussed.

  13. Effect Analysis of U.S. Military Aid to the Republic of Korea.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-06-01

    general opinion of the Korean people toward U.S. forces in Korea at the point of their withdrawal. Finally, Chapter VIII suggests some ideas for a...about the status of the relations between two countries. In this concluding chapter, we’d like to suggest a few ideas to enhance harmony and cooperation...after the division fell to about 15 percent of that in 1944. The war in 1950 resulted in a "coup de grace" effect on the already weak and unbalanced

  14. Reliability Modeling Methodology for Independent Approaches on Parallel Runways Safety Analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Babcock, P.; Schor, A.; Rosch, G.

    1998-01-01

    This document is an adjunct to the final report An Integrated Safety Analysis Methodology for Emerging Air Transport Technologies. That report presents the results of our analysis of the problem of simultaneous but independent, approaches of two aircraft on parallel runways (independent approaches on parallel runways, or IAPR). This introductory chapter presents a brief overview and perspective of approaches and methodologies for performing safety analyses for complex systems. Ensuing chapter provide the technical details that underlie the approach that we have taken in performing the safety analysis for the IAPR concept.

  15. MPACT Theory Manual, Version 2.2.0

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Downar, Thomas; Collins, Benjamin S.; Gehin, Jess C.

    2016-06-09

    This theory manual describes the three-dimensional (3-D) whole-core, pin-resolved transport calculation methodology employed in the MPACT code. To provide sub-pin level power distributions with sufficient accuracy, MPACT employs the method of characteristics (MOC) solutions in the framework of a 3-D coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD) formulation. MPACT provides a 3D MOC solution, but also a 2D/1D solution in which the 2D planar solution is provided by MOC and the axial coupling is resolved by one-dimensional (1-D) lower order (diffusion or P3) solutions. In Chapter 2 of the manual, the MOC methodology is described for calculating the regional angular and scalarmore » fluxes from the Boltzmann transport equation. In Chapter 3, the 2D/1D methodology is described, together with the description of the CMFD iteration process involving dynamic homogenization and solution of the multigroup CMFD linear system. A description of the MPACT depletion algorithm is given in Chapter 4, followed by a discussion of the subgroup and ESSM resonance processing methods in Chapter 5. The final Chapter 6 describes a simplified thermal hydraulics model in MPACT.« less

  16. Supply chain optimization: a practitioner's perspective on the next logistics breakthrough.

    PubMed

    Schlegel, G L

    2000-08-01

    The objective of this paper is to profile a practitioner's perspective on supply chain optimization and highlight the critical elements of this potential new logistics breakthrough idea. The introduction will briefly describe the existing distribution network, and business environment. This will include operational statistics, manufacturing software, and hardware configurations. The first segment will cover the critical success factors or foundations elements that are prerequisites for success. The second segment will give you a glimpse of a "working game plan" for successful migration to supply chain optimization. The final segment will briefly profile "bottom-line" benefits to be derived from the use of supply chain optimization as a strategy, tactical tool, and competitive advantage.

  17. Applications of Magnetic Suspension Technology to Large Scale Facilities: Progress, Problems and Promises

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Britcher, Colin P.

    1997-01-01

    This paper will briefly review previous work in wind tunnel Magnetic Suspension and Balance Systems (MSBS) and will examine the handful of systems around the world currently known to be in operational condition or undergoing recommissioning. Technical developments emerging from research programs at NASA and elsewhere will be reviewed briefly, where there is potential impact on large-scale MSBSS. The likely aerodynamic applications for large MSBSs will be addressed, since these applications should properly drive system designs. A recently proposed application to ultra-high Reynolds number testing will then be addressed in some detail. Finally, some opinions on the technical feasibility and usefulness of a large MSBS will be given.

  18. Effects of thermal cycling on composite materials for space structures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tompkins, Stephen S.

    1989-01-01

    The effects of thermal cycling on the thermal and mechanical properties of composite materials that are candidates for space structures are briefly described. The results from a thermal analysis of the orbiting Space Station Freedom is used to define a typical thermal environment and the parameters that cause changes in the thermal history. The interactions of this environment with composite materials are shown and described. The effects of this interaction on the integrity as well as the properties of GR/thermoset, Gr/thermoplastic, Gr/metal and Gr/glass composite materials are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the effects of the interaction that are critical to precision spacecraft. Finally, ground test methodology are briefly discussed.

  19. A Brief Overview of Adolescent Developmental Problems in Hong Kong

    PubMed Central

    Shek, Daniel T. L.; Keung Ma, Hing; Sun, Rachel C. F.

    2011-01-01

    Several adolescent developmental problems in Hong Kong are briefly reviewed in this paper. First, rising adolescent substance abuse trends are described. Second, Internet use problems and Internet addiction among young people are examined. Third, worrying trends in adolescent sexuality are identified. Fourth, phenomena on bullying among young people are reviewed. Finally, phenomena related to adolescent materialistic orientation are focused upon. With reference to these adolescent developmental problems, possible solutions are briefly discussed particularly with reference to the ecological perspective. It is argued that the related scientific literature provides useful pointers for designing the curriculum in the extension phase of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. PMID:22194661

  20. Standby gasoline rationing plan

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1980-06-01

    Title 10 - Energy, Chapter II - Department of Energy, PART 570 - Standby gasoline rationing plan regulations. Final rules adopted by the President for a Standby Gasoline Rationing Plan required by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1979 (P.L. ...

  1. Characterizing millisecond intermediates in hemoproteins using rapid-freeze-quench resonance Raman spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Matsumura, Hirotoshi; Moënne-Loccoz, Pierre

    2014-01-01

    The combination of rapid freeze quenching (RFQ) with resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy represents a unique tool with which to investigate the nature of short-lived intermediates formed during the enzymatic reactions of metalloproteins. Commercially available equipment allows trapping of intermediates within a millisecond to second time scale for low-temperature RR analysis resulting in the direct detection of metal-ligand vibrations and porphyrin skeletal vibrations in hemoproteins. This chapter briefly discusses RFQ-RR studies carried out previously in our laboratory and presents, as a practical example, protocols for the preparation of RFQ samples of the reaction of metmyoglobin with nitric oxide (NO) under anaerobic conditions. Also described are important controls and practical procedures for the analysis of these samples by low-temperature RR spectroscopy.

  2. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    PubMed Central

    Matthews, Marguerite; Nigg, Joel T.

    2014-01-01

    Over the last two decades, there have been numerous technical and methodological advances available to clinicians and researchers to better understand attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its etiology. Despite the growing body of literature investigating the disorder’s pathophysiology, ADHD remains a complex psychiatric disorder to characterize. This chapter will briefly review the literature on ADHD, with a focus on its history, the current genetic insights, neurophysiologic theories, and the use of neuroimaging to further understand the etiology. We address some of the major concerns that remain unclear about ADHD, including subtype instability, heterogeneity, and the underlying neural correlates that define the disorder. We highlight that the field of ADHD is rapidly evolving; the descriptions provided here will hopefully provide a sturdy foundation for which to build and improve our understanding of the disorder. PMID:24214656

  3. Prognostics and Health Management of Wind Turbines -- Current Status and Future Opportunities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sheng, Shuangwen

    The global wind industry has seen tremendous growth during the past two decades. However, the industry is challenged by premature component failures, which lead to increased turbine downtime and subsequently, cost of energy for wind power. To mitigate the impacts from these failures, the wind industry has been exploring various areas for improvements ranging from product design, new materials or lubricants, to operation and maintenance (O&M) practices. Condition-based maintenance or prognostics and health management (PHM) has been explored as one enabling technology for improving O&M practices. This chapter provides a brief overview of wind turbine PHM with a focus onmore » operational data mining and condition monitoring of drivetrains. Some future research and development opportunities in wind turbine PHM are also briefly discussed.« less

  4. Plague: Clinics, Diagnosis and Treatment.

    PubMed

    Nikiforov, Vladimir V; Gao, He; Zhou, Lei; Anisimov, Andrey

    2016-01-01

    Plague still poses a significant threat to human health and as a reemerging infection is unfamiliar to the majority of the modern medical doctors. In this chapter, the plague is described according to Dr. Nikiforov's experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of patients, and also a review of the relevant literature on this subject is provided. The main modern methods and criteria for laboratory diagnosis of plague are briefly described. The clinical presentations include the bubonic and pneumonic form, septicemia, rarely pharyngitis, and meningitis. Early diagnosis and the prompt initiation of treatment reduce the mortality rate associated with bubonic plague and septicemic plague to 5-50 %; although a delay of more than 24 h in the administration of antibiotics and antishock treatment can be fatal for plague patients. Most human cases can successfully be treated with antibiotics.

  5. A feasibility study of large-scale photobiological hydrogen production utilizing mariculture-raised cyanobacteria.

    PubMed

    Sakurai, Hidehiro; Masukawa, Hajime; Kitashima, Masaharu; Inoue, Kazuhito

    2010-01-01

    In order to decrease CO(2) emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, the development of new renewable energy sources sufficiently large in quantity is essential. To meet this need, we propose large-scale H(2) production on the sea surface utilizing cyanobacteria. Although many of the relevant technologies are in the early stage of development, this chapter briefly examines the feasibility of such H(2) production, in order to illustrate that under certain conditions large-scale photobiological H(2) production can be viable. Assuming that solar energy is converted to H(2) at 1.2% efficiency, the future cost of H(2) can be estimated to be about 11 (pipelines) and 26.4 (compression and marine transportation) cents kWh(-1), respectively.

  6. 5.8 X-ray Calorimeters

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Porter, F. Scott

    2008-01-01

    X-ray calorimeter instruments for astrophysics have seen rapid development since they were invented in 1984. The prime instrument on all currently planned X-ray spectroscopic observatories is based on calorimeter technology. This relatively simple detection concept that senses the energy of an incident photon by measuring the temperature rise of an absorber material at very low temperatures, can form the basis of a very high performance, non-dispersive spectrometer. State-of-the-art calorimeter instruments have resolving powers of over 3000, large simultaneous band-passes, and near unit efficiency. This coupled with the intrinsic imaging capability of a pixilated x-ray calorimeter array, allows true spectral-spatial instruments to be constructed. In this chapter I briefly review the detection scheme, the state-of-the-art in X-ray calorimeter instruments and the future outlook for this technology.

  7. Studies of the brain cannabinoid system using positron emission tomography

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gatley, S.J.; Volkow, N.D.

    Studies using radiolabeled psychoactive drugs in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) have permitted the imaging of binding sites in the human brain. Similar studies of marijuana have been hampered by the unsuitability of radiolabeled THC for PET studies, and the current unavailability of other in vivo imaging agents for cannabinoid receptors. Recent developments in medicinal chemistry suggest that a PET radiotracer for cannabinoid receptors will soon become available. This chapter briefly reviews these developments, together with the results of PET studies of the effects of marijuana and other abused drugs on brain metabolism. It also reviews PET studies ofmore » cocaine binding sites, to demonstrate the kind of investigations that will be possible when a cannabinoid receptor PET radioligand becomes available.« less

  8. Productivity Gainsharing--A Scanlon Overview.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kovac, James S.

    1986-01-01

    Provides an overview to an organization which is considering the initiation of a plan to share gains with its workers. Defines productivity, explains the benefits of improved productivity, examines a number of approaches to sharing productivity gains with workers, compares individual incentive plans with gain sharing plans, and finally, briefly,…

  9. The science of the stars in Danzig from Rheticus to Hevelius

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jensen, Derek

    This dissertation asks how civic institutions (the city council and the academic gymnasium), socio-economic structures (civic and private patronage) and religion and civic ideals in the city of Danzig shaped creative thought about the science of the stars during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Reciprocally, it looks at how the use of scientific knowledge created distinctive representations of the city both as it appeared to its own citizens and as it was presented to others outside of the city walls. By employing a variety of sources, including Latin texts, printed prognostications, astrological and astronomical pamphlets, handwritten marginalia, German poetry, artwork (both printed illustrations and freestanding pieces), travelers' accounts, personal correspondence and funeral sermons, I explore how those who lived in Danzig represented their observations of the stars. While concentrating on Danzig, the dissertation compares and contrasts experiences in Danzig to other places. Examples of comparisons are those in chapters 1 and 4, which compare systems of courtly patronage found in other European cities with systems of civic and private patronage found in Danzig. Chapter 2 considers the books of Peter Crüger (1580-1639), professor of mathematics and poetry in the Danzig gymnasium, and his concern to remain within the bounds of correct Lutheran doctrine. He wrote at a time when Lutherans held powerful positions within city government and in the administration of the gymnasium. In chapter 3, I focus on the writings of Peter Crüger's pupil, Andreas Gryphius (1616-1664). Gryphius later became a celebrated German poet and statesman. Understanding his stay in Danzig and his studies under Crüger, I argue, are vital to understanding his poetry, plays and prose. Chapters 5 through 7 concentrate on another of Crüger's students, namely, Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687). Chapter 5 studies Hevelius's first major publication, Selenographia (1647) and argues that Hevelius's concern to honor his city was intimately connected to the creation and final production of Selenographia . In Chapter 6, I examine the frontispiece to Hevelius's posthumously published Uranographia (1690). The frontispiece is an allegorical depiction of the "Last Judgment" of Hevelius and his astronomical works. Hevelius's "Last Judgment" resembles in form and content other judgment scene paintings in Danzig. The final chapter compares and contrasts the lives of Hevelius and Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) using a sermon given at Hevelius's funeral as the primary text of analysis.

  10. Development of BEM for ceramic composites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Henry, D. P.; Banerjee, P. K.; Dargush, G. F.; Hopkins, D. A.; Goldberg, R. K.

    1993-01-01

    BEST-CMS (boundary element solution technology - composite modeling system) is an advanced engineering system for the micro-analysis of fiber composite structures. BEST-CMS is based upon the boundary element program BEST3D which was developed for NASA by Pratt and Whitney Aircraft and the State University of New York at Buffalo under contract NAS3-23697. BEST-CMS presently has the capabilities for elastostatic analysis, steady-state and transient heat transfer analysis, steady-state and transient concurrent thermoelastic analysis, and elastoplastic and creep analysis. The fibers are assumed to be perfectly bonded to the composite matrix, or in the case of static or steady-state analysis, the fibers may be assumed to have spring connections, thermal resistance, and/or frictional sliding between the fibers and the composite matrix. The primary objective of this user's manual is to provide an overview of all BEST-CMS capabilities, along with detailed descriptions of the input data requirements. In the next chapter, a brief review of the theoretical background is presented for each analysis category. Then, chapter three discusses the key aspects of the numerical implementation, while chapter four provides a tutorial for the beginning BEST-CMS user. The heart of the manual, however, is in chapter five, where a complete description of all data input items is provided. Within this chapter, the individual entries are grouped on a functional basis for a more coherent presentation. Chapter six includes sample problems and should be of considerable assistance to the novice. Chapter seven includes capsules of a number of fiber-composite analysis problems that have been solved using BEST-CMS. This chapter is primarily descriptive in nature and is intended merely to illustrate the level of analysis that is possible within the present BEST-CMS system. Chapter eight contains a detail description of the BEST-CMS Neutral File which is helpful in writing an interface between BEST-CMS and any graphic post-processor program. Finally, all pertinent references are listed in chapter nine.

  11. STS-73 (USML-2) Final Report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rice, James E.

    1996-01-01

    The report is organized into sections representing the phases of work performed in analyzing the STS-73 (USML-2) results. Section 1 briefly outlines the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE), system features, coordinates, and measurement parameters. Section 2 describes the results from STS-73. The mission description, data calibration, and representative data obtained on STS-73 are presented. Also, the anomalous performance of OARE on STS-73 is discussed. Finally, Section 3 presents a discussion of accuracy achieved and achievable with OARE.

  12. OARE STS-75 (USMP-3) Final Report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rice, James E.

    1996-01-01

    The report is organized into sections representing the phases of work performed in analyzing the STS-75 (USMP-3) results. Section 1 briefly outlines the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE) system features, coordinates, and measurement parameters. Section 2 describes the results from STS-75. The mission description, data calibration, and representative data obtained on STS-75 are presented. Also, the anomalous performance of OARE on STS-75 is discussed. Finally, Section 3 presents a discussion of accuracy achieved and achievable with OARE.

  13. An Experimental Investigation towards Improvement of Thermoelectric Properties of Strontium Titanate Ceramics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mehdizadeh Dehkordi, Arash

    The direct energy conversion between heat and electricity based on thermoelectric effects is a topic of long-standing interest in condensed matter materials science. Experimental and theoretical investigations in order to understand the mechanisms involved and to improve the materials properties and conversion efficiency have been ongoing for more than half a century. While significant achievements have been accomplished in improving the properties of conventional heavy element based materials (such as Bi2Te 3 and PbTe) as well as the discovery of new materials systems for the close-to-room temperature and intermediate temperatures, high-temperature applications of thermoelectrics is still limited to one materials system, namely SiGe. Recently, oxides have exhibited great potential to be investigated for high-temperature thermoelectric power generation. The objective of this dissertation is to synthesize and investigate both electronic and thermal transport in strontium titanate (SrTiO3) ceramics in order to experimentally realize its potential and to ultimately investigate the possibility of further improvement of the thermoelectric performance of this perovskite oxide for mid- to high temperature applications. Developing a synthesis strategy and tuning various synthesis parameters to benefit the thermoelectric transport form the foundation of this study. It is worth mentioning that the results of this study has been employed to prepare targets for pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) to study the thermoelectric properties of corresponding thin films and superlattice structures at Dr. Husam Alshareef's group at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. Considering the broad range of functionality of SrTiO3, the findings of this work will surely benefit other fields of research and application of this functional oxide such as photoluminescence, ferroelectricity or mixed-ionic electronic conductivity. This dissertation will ultimately attempt to answer the question, "Is it possible to further improve the thermoelectric properties of SrTiO 3-based ceramics?". The organization of the dissertation is as follows: In Chapter 1, the fundamental concepts in the thermoelectric theory is explained. Second, we briefly review the characteristics of "good" thermoelectric materials and highlight the differences exist between SrTiO3 and conventional thermoelectric materials. In Chapter 2, SrTiO3 is introduced and the electronic and thermal properties arising from its crystal structure are discussed. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the fundamentals of measurements of the electronic and thermal transport properties which are the backbone of the current work. Our experimental results are presented in Chapter 4 and 5. The synthesis and processing techniques to prepare doped SrTiO3 powder and bulk polycrystalline ceramic are presented in Chapter 3. The optimizations of the synthesis and densification parameters involved are presented and discussed in this chapter as well. Significant improvement achieved in the thermoelectric figure of merit of Pr-doped SrTiO3 and the studies performed to understand the results are presented in Chapter 5. Concluding remarks and future work are discussed in Chapter 6.

  14. Practical Approaches to Curriculum Development. A Management Handbook. Project HIRE: A Curriculum Management System for Instructing the Handicapped. Final Report, Volume 2.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gardner, David C.; Beatty, Grace Joely

    Within the context of the major objectives of developing, field testing, and refining the curriculum materials described in volume 1 of this final report (CE 024 117), Volume 2 describes and critiques the management system used by Project HIRE in that development process. (See Note for availability of curriculum materials.) Chapter 1 introduces…

  15. The Development and Testing of a Model for Determining the Costs of Vocational Education Programs and Courses. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hale, James A.; And Others

    One of a three-volume series concerning the development and testing of a model for determining the costs of vocational education programs and courses, this final report contains in its five chapters an introduction, a review of related literature and research, field tests, an added-cost model for vocational education, and a summary with…

  16. A study of electricity planning in Thailand: An integrated top-down and bottom-up Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Srisamran, Supree

    This dissertation examines the potential impacts of three electricity policies on the economy of Thailand in terms of macroeconomic performance, income distribution, and unemployment rate. The three considered policies feature responses to potential disruption of imported natural gas used in electricity generation, alternative combinations (portfolios) of fuel feedstock for electricity generation, and increases in investment and local electricity consumption. The evaluation employs Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) approach with the extension of electricity generation and transmission module to simulate the counterfactual scenario for each policy. The dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter one begins with a discussion of Thailand's economic condition and is followed by a discussion of the current state of electricity generation and consumption and current issues in power generation. The security of imported natural gas in power generation is then briefly discussed. The persistence of imported natural gas disruption has always caused trouble to the country, however, the economic consequences of this disruption have not yet been evaluated. The current portfolio of power generation and the concerns it raises are then presented. The current portfolio of power generation is heavily reliant upon natural gas and so needs to be diversified. Lastly, the anticipated increase in investment and electricity consumption as a consequence of regional integration is discussed. Chapter two introduces the CGE model, its background and limitations. Chapter three reviews relevant literature of the CGE method and its application in electricity policies. In addition, the submodule characterizing the network of electricity generation and distribution and the method of its integration with the CGE model are explained. Chapter four presents the findings of the policy simulations. The first simulation illustrates the consequences of responses to disruptions in natural gas imports. The results indicate that the induced response to a complete reduction in natural gas imports would cause RGDP to drop by almost 0.1%. The second set of simulations examines alternative portfolios of power generation. Simulation results indicate that promoting hydro power would be the most economical solution; although the associated mix of power generation would have some adverse effects on RGDP. Consequently, the second best alternative, in which domestic natural gas dominates the portfolio, is recommended. The last simulation suggests that two power plants, South Bangkok and Siam Energy, should be upgraded to cope with an expected 30% spike in power consumption due to an anticipated increase in regional trade and domestic investment. Chapter five concludes the dissertation and suggests possibilities for future research.

  17. Book Review: Book review

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mishchenko, Michael I.

    2017-01-01

    The second - revised and enlarged - edition of this popular monograph is co-authored by Michael Kahnert and is published as Volume 145 of the Springer Series in Optical Sciences. As in the first edition, the main emphasis is on the mathematics of electromagnetic scattering and on numerically exact computer solutions of the frequency-domain macroscopic Maxwell equations for particles with complex shapes. The book is largely centered on Green-function solution of relevant boundary value problems and the T-matrix methodology, although other techniques (the method of lines, integral equation methods, and Lippmann-Schwinger equations) are also covered. The first four chapters serve as a thorough overview of key theoretical aspects of electromagnetic scattering intelligible to readers with undergraduate training in mathematics. A separate chapter provides an instructive analysis of the Rayleigh hypothesis which is still viewed by many as a highly controversial aspect of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical objects. Another dedicated chapter introduces basic quantities serving as optical observables in practical applications. A welcome extension of the first edition is the new chapter on group theoretical aspects of electromagnetic scattering by particles with discrete symmetries. An essential part of the book is the penultimate chapter describing in detail popular public-domain computer programs mieschka and Tsym which can be applied to a wide range of particle shapes. The final chapter provides a general overview of available literature on electromagnetic scattering by particles and gives useful reading advice.

  18. Energy efficiency in cognitive radio network: Study of cooperative sensing using different channel sensing methods

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cui, Chenxuan

    When cognitive radio (CR) operates, it starts by sensing spectrum and looking for idle bandwidth. There are several methods for CR to make a decision on either the channel is occupied or idle, for example, energy detection scheme, cyclostationary detection scheme and matching filtering detection scheme [1]. Among them, the most common method is energy detection scheme because of its algorithm and implementation simplicities [2]. There are two major methods for sensing, the first one is to sense single channel slot with varying bandwidth, whereas the second one is to sense multiple channels and each with same bandwidth. After sensing periods, samples are compared with a preset detection threshold and a decision is made on either the primary user (PU) is transmitting or not. Sometimes the sensing and decision results can be erroneous, for example, false alarm error and misdetection error may occur. In order to better control error probabilities and improve CR network performance (i.e. energy efficiency), we introduce cooperative sensing; in which several CR within a certain range detect and make decisions on channel availability together. The decisions are transmitted to and analyzed by a data fusion center (DFC) to make a final decision on channel availability. After the final decision is been made, DFC sends back the decision to the CRs in order to tell them to stay idle or start to transmit data to secondary receiver (SR) within a preset transmission time. After the transmission, a new cycle starts again with sensing. This thesis report is organized as followed: Chapter II review some of the papers on optimizing CR energy efficiency. In Chapter III, we study how to achieve maximal energy efficiency when CR senses single channel with changing bandwidth and with constrain on misdetection threshold in order to protect PU; furthermore, a case study is given and we calculate the energy efficiency. In Chapter IV, we study how to achieve maximal energy efficiency when CR senses multiple channels and each channel with same bandwidth, also, we preset a misdetection threshold and calculate the energy efficiency. A comparison will be shown between two sensing methods at the end of the chapter. Finally, Chapter V concludes this thesis.

  19. Transporte electronico en nanoestructuras de carbono

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jodar Ferrandez, Esther

    The aim of this work is the study of the electronic transport properties in several structures made of carbon nanotubes. This dissertation is divided in four chapters: (1) Chapter 1: Carbon Nanotubes. This chapter is a brief review of the foundations of carbon nanotubes (CNT). Main properties of CNT are explained. The subject developed here is important for the understanding of the results obtained in the bulk of this thesis. We carry out, in the first part of this chapter, an historical review of the discovering of CNT, that includes the history of the discovering of fullerenes, the predecessors for carbon nanotubes. Afterwards, a revision of the different methods for synthesizing nanotubes is done. The main part of this chapter treats of the description of the geometry, properties and electronic structure of CNT. Many equations deduced here will be used later. Finally, we discuss some research lines related to carbon nanotubes. (2) Chapter 2: Theoretical and numerical method. In this chapter we describe the numerical method we have developed to obtain the results presented in this work. For this purpose it is necessary to describe previously the theoretical method on which our calculations are based. We extensively explain the Green's function and its properties. A large part of our calculations are based in the obtention the GF of the system under study. This chapter finishes with the application of the equations described in order to obtain electronic properties associated with pure carbon nanotubes as an example of use. Anyway, these previous results will be used later. (3) Chapter 3: Cavities made of nanotubes. We denote as a cavity to the structure formed with a carbon nanotube sandwiched between other two carbon nanotubes (contacts), provided that the central region is wider than these contacts. In this chapter we perform some calculations of the properties associated to the electronic transport in cavities, as the local density of states and the transmission function. We analyze the influence of the width of the cavity and the distance between them (in the case of multiple cavities). Some interesting results are obtained in these calculations which have been published in international journals (Jodar et al. 2006, Jodar y Perez-Garrido 2007). We emphasize the presence of quasi-localized states in the cavities, which affects to the transmission function, the behaviour of some cavities formed with semi-conductor as quantum dots, or the study of the evolution of the system with multiple cavities to the limit of infinite cavities. (4) Chapter 4: Bloch Oscillations. In this chapter we investigate the properties of carbon nanotubes under a constant electric field. This configuration show Bloch oscillations, according to the work of Bloch and Zener. We study here the dynamics of these oscillations for different geometries as a function of the electric field applied. Specially, the behaviour of the occupation probability and the averaged quadratic displacement as a function of time. We have not found bibliography that deals with this phenomenon in Carbon Nanotubes, which is the aim of this chapter. We first study the behaviour of electrons in pure carbon nanotubes in a constant electric field, for different lengths of the CNT and different values of the electric field applied. We show how wavefunctions oscillate with a period that coincides with that given by theoretical expressions of Bloch oscillations for linear chains of atoms. Besides, we show the different kind of behaviour of localized and extended waves. In the final part of this chapter we apply a constant electric field to the structure studied in the chapter 3, i.e., the cavity. We show in this case that, besides Bloch oscillations, electrons can be confined in certain regions only by inserting the nanotube in an electric field.

  20. Guidance for Data Useability in Risk Assessment (Part B-4), Final, May, 1992

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This chapter provides guidance to the RPM and the risk assessor for designing an effective sampling plan and selecting suitable analytical methods to collect environmental data for use in baseline risk assessments.

  1. Preservice elementary teachers learning of astronomy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fidler, Chuck Gary

    The dissertation presents a new approach for the study of preservice elementary teacher astronomy education. The approach suggests that learning astronomical concepts are facilitated by greater sophistication in scale perception and spatial-aptitude. This dissertation is underscored by the national call for elementary science education reform efforts and suggests certain strategies shown more effective for the development of accurate astronomical comprehension. The present research study describes how preservice elementary teachers conceptualize and communicate ideas about Space. Instead of assuming a universal mental conception of cosmic orientations and relationships, the dissertation claims that the perception of Space related dimensions vary among preservice elementary teachers. Furthermore, the dissertation suggests individual perceptions of the scale sizes and orientations of celestial systems have direct influences on mental models used to organize and communicate astronomical information. The development of inaccurate mental models of the scaled dimensions of Space may perpetuate the teacher-student cycle of misconception and naive-theory generation among children in elementary education settings. The ability to conceptualize the vast cosmos is facilitated by the minds ability to think about vast scales and orientations of celestial objects. The Earth-based perspective of astronomy education compels the learner to think about astronomical principles within imaginary frames of reference and across unfamiliar scaled dimensions. Therefore, mental astronomical model building is underscored by the perception of scale and cosmic spatiality. This study suggests these cognitive skill sets are interconnected and facilitate the learning of accurate astronomy principles; as well as play an important role when designing an astronomy education program for preservice elementary teachers. This research study is comprised of three separate standalone articles designed and formatted for journal submission. Chapter 1 outlines the intent, rationale, and design of the overall dissertation process and format. Chapter 2 describes an in-depth review of the specific astronomy curricula used for comparison by subsequent chapters and is not intended as a standalone article, but rather as an informative outline of events and activities to help the reader understand the differences of instruction between the two sections of sample populations. Chapter 3 uses qualitative interviews to explore the cosmic dimensions associated with learning of astronomy and finds diverse perceptions of astronomical scales may influence preservice teachers' mental organization of astronomical information. Chapter 4 further analyzes cosmic dimensions using quantitative analyses and specifically examines preservice teachers perceptions of scale and spatiality within the context of astronomy education. Findings from Chapter 4 show that perceptions of scale and spatiality are an interconnected set of learning skills which may greatly enhance the learning of astronomy. Chapter 5 describes how concepts of scale and spatiality may be operationalized within a secondary school science classroom in order to better understand the scaled distances of stars though an inquiry-based three-dimensional modeling activity. Chapter 6 briefly concludes the dissertation work. Due to the nature of this dissertation design, the conclusions chapter is quite succinct as previous chapters are designed with conclusions sections embedded within the body of the text as outlined by specific journal submission guidelines. These dissertation ideas are presented in a formal setting so that the various research undertakings can be studied and analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of research data are present to support the claims made in this study. The results of this research combine with features of previous research in order to advance our understanding of how preservice elementary teachers think about and learn astronomy.

  2. Economic analysis of secondary and enhanced oil recovery techniques in Wyoming

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kara, Erdal

    This dissertation primarily aims to theoretically analyze a firm's optimization of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and carbon dioxide sequestration under different social policies and empirically analyze the firm's optimization of enhanced oil recovery. The final part of the dissertation empirically analyzes how geological factors and water injection management influence oil recovery. The first chapter builds a theoretical model to analyze economic optimization of EOR and geological carbon sequestration under different social policies. Specifically, it analyzes how social policies on sequestration influence the extent of oil operations, optimal oil production and CO2 sequestration. The theoretical results show that the socially optimal policy is a subsidy on the net CO2 sequestration, assuming negative net emissions from EOR. Such a policy is expected to increase a firm's total carbon dioxide sequestration. The second chapter statistically estimates the theoretical oil production model and its different versions. Empirical results are not robust over different estimation techniques and not in line with the theoretical production model. The last part of the second chapter utilizes a simplified version of theoretical model and concludes that EOR via CO2 injection improves oil recovery. The final chapter analyzes how a contemporary oil recovery technology (water flooding of oil reservoirs) and various reservoir-specific geological factors influence oil recovery in Wyoming. The results show that there is a positive concave relationship between cumulative water injection and cumulative oil recovery and also show that certain geological factors affect the oil recovery. Moreover, the curvature of the concave functional relationship between cumulative water injection and oil recovery is reservoir-specific due to heterogeneities among different reservoirs.

  3. [Forecast of physician workforce in the 22 French regions (1998-2013)].

    PubMed

    Coste, Emmanuel; Doan, Bui Dang Ha

    2003-01-01

    The first chapter provides detailed information on the methodology and data used. As were the other projections carried out in the past by the Centre de sociologie et de démographie médicales, the present work is basically a demographic projection. Whereas a projection of national workforce uses the total number of annual new graduates as inflow, a regional projection has to collect other types of data, as new graduates move freely from one region to another. This fundamental difference implies the use of more complex models for predicting the flows of newcomers at regional level. As concerns the outflow, a single table covering retirement and death is used for all regions. The medical profession is a homogeneous group and such a decision is not irrelevant. The second chapter presents briefly the results of the work as concerns one region. In the high variant, the regional number of physicians will continue to increase from 1998 to 2007 or 2008, then it will decrease. In the low variant, the growth will end in 2004 or 2005, followed by a stronger decreasing process. The decrease is caused by the "graduate boom" cohorts (doctors graduated during the 70's and 80's) reaching retirement age. Given the duration of medical training, the decrease will take place even if the numerous clausus (at the start of medical training) rises steadily right now. The decrease in the number of physicians will be accompanied by an aging process: the proportion of senior active doctors will raise and that of junior doctors will diminish. The third chapter evidences the diversity of the various regional trends.

  4. SeaWiFS Postlaunch Calibration and Validation Analyses

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); McClain, Charles R.; Ainsworth, Ewa J.; Barnes, Robert A.; Eplee, Robert E., Jr.; Patt, Frederick S.; Robinson, Wayne D.; Wang, Menghua; Bailey, Sean W.

    2000-01-01

    The effort to resolve data quality issues and improve on the initial data evaluation methodologies of the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project was an extensive one. These evaluations have resulted, to date, in three major reprocessings of the entire data set where each reprocessing addressed the data quality issues that could be identified up to the time of each reprocessing. The number of chapters (21) needed to document this extensive work in the SeaWiFS Postlaunch Technical Report Series requires three volumes. The chapters in Volumes 9, 10, and 11 are in a logical order sequencing through sensor calibration, atmospheric correction, masks and flags, product evaluations, and bio-optical algorithms. The first chapter of Volume 9 is an overview of the calibration and validation program, including a table of activities from the inception of the SeaWiFS Project. Chapter 2 describes the fine adjustments of sensor detector knee radiances, i.e., radiance levels where three of the four detectors in each SeaWiFS band saturate. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the analyses of the lunar and solar calibration time series, respectively, which are used to track the temporal changes in radiometric sensitivity in each band. Chapter 5 outlines the procedure used to adjust band 7 relative to band 8 to derive reasonable aerosol radiances in band 7 as compared to those in band 8 in the vicinity of Lanai, Hawaii, the vicarious calibration site. Chapter 6 presents the procedure used to estimate the vicarious calibration gain adjustment factors for bands 1-6 using the waterleaving radiances from the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) offshore of Lanai. Chapter 7 provides the adjustments to the coccolithophore flag algorithm which were required for improved performance over the prelaunch version. Chapter 8 is an overview of the numerous modifications to the atmospheric correction algorithm that have been implemented. Chapter 9 describes the methodology used to remove artifacts of sun glint contamination for portions of the imagery outside the sun glint mask. Finally, Chapter 10 explains a modification to the ozone interpolation method to account for actual time differences between the SeaWiFS and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) orbits.

  5. Enhanced spectral domain optical coherence tomography for pathological and functional studies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yuan, Zhijia

    Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel technique that enables noninvasive or minimally invasive, cross-sectional imaging of biological tissue at sub-10mum spatial resolution and up to 2-3mm imaging depth. Numerous technological advances have emerged in recent years that have shown great potential to develop OCT into a powerful imaging and diagnostic tools. In particular, the implementation of Fourier-domain OCT (FDOCT) is a major step forward that leads to greatly improved imaging rate and image fidelity of OCT. This dissertation summarizes the work that focuses on enhancing the performances and functionalities of spectral radar based FDOCT (SDOCT) for pathological and functional applications. More specifically, chapters 1-4 emphasize on the development of SDOCT and its utility in pathological studies, including cancer diagnosis. The principle of SDOCT is first briefly outlined, followed by the design of our bench-top SDOCT systems with emphasis on spectral linear interpolation, calibration and system dispersion compensation. For ultrahigh-resolution SDOCT, time-lapse image registration and frame averaging is introduced to effectively reduce speckle noise and uncover subcellular details, showing great promise for enhancing the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ. To overcome the image depth limitation of OCT, a dual-modal imaging method combing SDOCT with high-frequency ultrasound is proposed and examined in animal cancer models to enhance the sensitivity and staging capabilities for bladder cancer diagnosis. Chapters 5-7 summarize the work on developing Doppler SDOCT for functional studies. Digital-frequency-ramping OCT (DFR-OCT) is developed in the study, which has demonstrated the ability to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and thus sensitivity for retrieving subsurface blood flow imaging. New DFR algorithms and imaging processing methods are discussed to further enhance cortical CBF imaging. Applications of DFR-OCT for brain functional studies are presented and laser speckle imaging is combined to enable quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging at high spatiotemporal resolutions. An angiography-enhanced Doppler optical coherence tomography (aDFR-OCT) was also demonstrated to enable quantitative imaging of capillary changes for brain functional studies. Lastly, future work on technological development and potential biomedical applications is briefly outlined.

  6. Review of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Practitioner's Guide.

    PubMed

    Papouchis, Nicholas

    2006-01-01

    Reviews the book, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Practitioner's Guide by Nancy McWilliams (see record 2004-16060-000). Nancy McWilliams' book on analytic therapy is her latest contribution to the training needs of young clinicians. The book is organized into chapters that address fundamental issues clinical trainees typically face as they work with patients. To establish the context for describing psychoanalytic work, the first chapter defines what she means by psychoanalytic therapy. The three chapters that follow address what McWilliams means by a psychoanalytic sensibility: how the therapist may be prepared for doing therapy and how the client may be prepared for the experience of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The next three chapters address the maintenance of boundaries and basic therapy processes. Two case examples follow in chapters eight and nine, and each example is a richly evocative description of the complexity of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The last three chapters of the book deal with the ancillary lessons of psychoanalytic therapy, the occupational hazards and gratifications of the work, and a final chapter on self-care. This is an excellent book, but it should be read together with other texts on psychoanalytic psychotherapy that describe the treatment process systematically in more technical terms. This is a book written for clinicians in training or for experienced clinicians to use in working with clinical trainees. In this sense, Nancy McWilliams has more than achieved her goal of writing a book that will introduce clinical trainees to the psychoanalytic sensibility of doing psychoanalytic psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

  7. The communicative functions of final rises in Finnish intonation.

    PubMed

    Ogden, Richard; Routarinne, Sara

    2005-01-01

    This paper considers the communicative function of final rises in Finnish conversational talk between pairs of teenage girls. Final rises are fairly common, occurring approximately twice a minute, predominantly on declaratives and in narrative sequences. We briefly consider the interplay between voice quality (known to be a marker of transition relevance) and rising intonation in Finnish. We argue that in narrative sequences, rising terminals manage two main interactional tasks: they provide a place for a coparticipant to mark recipiency, and they project more talk by the current speaker. Using a methodology which combines phonetic observation with conversation analysis, we demonstrate participants' orientation to these functions.

  8. Incorporating travel time reliability into the Highway Capacity Manual.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2014-01-01

    This final report documents the activities performed during SHRP 2 Reliability Project L08: Incorporating Travel Time Reliability into the Highway Capacity Manual. It serves as a supplement to the proposed chapters for incorporating travel time relia...

  9. Gender and Leadership: A Call to Action.

    PubMed

    Shea, Heather D; Renn, Kristen A

    2017-06-01

    In the final chapter of this volume, the authors provide a call to action for changes in the way educators conceptualize gender, particularly within the context of leadership development and education. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company.

  10. Nuclear Medical Technology. Curriculum for a Two Year Program. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Buatti, A.; Rich, D.

    Objectives of the project briefly described here were (1) to develop curriculum for a two-year nuclear medical technology program based on a working relationship between three institutions (community college, university health center, and hospital) and (2) to develop procedures for the operation of a medical imaging and radiation technology core…

  11. Home Education: Practising without Prejudice?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rothermel, Paula Jane

    2010-01-01

    In this article has been extracted from a longer paper by the same name that came about in response to the Badman Review of Elective Home Education (Badman 2009). The first part briefly discusses the Badman Review. The next looks at the misunderstandings that can occur once concerns are raised in home education. Finally there are case studies…

  12. Human Factors Technologies: Past Promises, Future Issues. Final Technical Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alluisi, Earl A.

    This discussion of the major issues confronting the human factors profession begins by pointing out that the concepts of systems and system design are central to the roles and functions of the human factors specialist. Three related disciplines--human factors engineering, ergonomics, and human skilled performance--are briefly described, and the…

  13. Research on aviation fuel instability

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baker, C. E.; Bittker, D. A.; Cohen, S. M.; Seng, G. T.

    1983-01-01

    The underlying causes of fuel thermal degradation are discussed. Topics covered include: nature of fuel instability and its temperature dependence, methods of measuring the instability, chemical mechanisms involved in deposit formation, and instrumental methods for characterizing fuel deposits. Finally, some preliminary thoughts on design approaches for minimizing the effects of lowered thermal stability are briefly discussed.

  14. Comments

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ertmer, Peggy; Hlynka, Denis; Hung, David; Reeves, Thomas; Romiszowski, Alexander; Rose, Ellen

    2013-01-01

    As a final part of this special issue, six Contributing Editors of the magazine were asked to review the six articles and to briefly reflect on themes across fields, on ideas or areas that might have the most potential, and/or to offer other new ideas for our field that the articles and issue overall triggered. These senior scholars in our field…

  15. Final Environmental Assessment for the California Space Center at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-06-02

    Operations and maintenance OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration P2 Pollution prevention Pb Lead PFC Perfluorocarbon PG& E Pacific... lounge , a warehouse, Chapter 2. Description of the Proposed Action and Alternatives Final Environmental Assessment - California Space Center...Pacific Gas & Electric (PG& E ) for the entire Center, once a planned line is completed by PG& E . Acceptance of this approach is dependent on

  16. Key Concepts in Geomorphology - NSF supports community-based creation of a new style of textbook

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bierman, P. R.; Montgomery, D. R.; Massey, C. A.

    2013-12-01

    Using support from the National Science Foundation, we have created an all new textbook that differs from existing books and serves as a model for extensive community involvement and vetting at all stages from initial outlining through chapter development and revision to final review. The new textbook is designed to serve undergraduate students in first year courses about Earth Surface Processes, Physical Geography, and Quaternary Geology. The approach we employed to create this book could easily be adapted to creating books in other disciplines. The new textbook differs from existing books because it is shorter and focuses on the key concepts of the discipline rather than on specific derivations or place-based examples. A series of >200 electronic resources developed by community members as part of this project (http://serc.carleton.edu/vignettes) provide more detail and geographically specific case-studies that faculty and students need for place-or content-based teaching and learning. NSF support provided for extensive review to ensure accuracy and completeness. Each chapter was reviewed at least twice by two experts in the chapter's content area. Every chapter was also vetted by 8 to 10 generalist reviewers before extensive copyediting. The entire textbook was edited by two senior geomorphologists and a technical editor with expertise in geomorphology. The textbook has 14 chapters organized into four sections. Each chapter includes between 10 and 14 newly drafted, full-color figures designed specifically for novice learners. Between 20 and 30 annotated color photographs illustrate each of the chapters. At the end of each chapter, the Digging Deeper section presents an in depth look at the development of scientific thought on a problem relevant to the chapter along with a worked problem and a series of questions that allow students to test their mastery of the material.

  17. Measuring quantum effects in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes with multipartite entanglement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Smyth, Cathal

    This thesis is a compilation of studies on delocalization measures, entanglement, and the role of quantum coherence in electronic energy transfer (EET) in light-harvesting complexes. The first two chapters after the introduction provide foundational knowledge of quantum information and light-harvesting, respectively. Chapter 2 introduces concepts from quantum information such as purity, bipartite entanglement and criteria for its measurement. The peripheral light-harvesting complex LH2, isolated from the anoxygenic purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, is employed as model system of interest. This light-harvesting complex, along with a description of the process of light-harvesting, the presence of quantum coherence, and the different models used to simulate EET, are described in chapter 3. In combination these two chapters lay the foundation for chapter 4, a critical assessment of the current measures of delocalization employed in EET studies, their relationship, and overall effectiveness. The conclusion is that entanglement based measures are most effective at measuring quantum effects, and that they can be related to more conventional delocalization measures such as the inverse participation ratio (IPR) by taking into account the entropy of the system under study. All the measures within this chapter are known as bipartite measures, and only measure the strength of correlation between two sites. The fifth chapter presents the core of this thesis. Following a brief introduction to the concept of multipartite entanglement, the development of multipartite delocalization measures that give high-resolution information on quantum coherence in light-harvesting complexes is detailed. In contrast to other measures, these analytical measures can detect many body correlations in large systems undergoing decoherence. We determine that, much like the bipartite entanglement based measures of chapter 4, these measures are also a function of system entropy, and have a similar hierarchial structure as that of multipartite entanglement measures. The final chapter applies these measures to our model LH2 complex, and draws conclusions on the role of bipartite delocalization and multipartite delocalization in EET.

  18. A modular optical sensor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Conklin, John Albert

    This dissertation presents the design of a modular, fiber-optic sensor and the results obtained from testing the modular sensor. The modular fiber-optic sensor is constructed in such manner that the sensor diaphragm can be replaced with different configurations to detect numerous physical phenomena. Additionally, different fiber-optic detection systems can be attached to the sensor. Initially, the modular sensor was developed to be used by university of students to investigate realistic optical sensors and detection systems to prepare for advance studies of micro-optical mechanical systems (MOMS). The design accomplishes this by doing two things. First, the design significantly lowers the costs associated with studying optical sensors by modularizing the sensor design. Second, the sensor broadens the number of physical phenomena that students can apply optical sensing techniques to in a fiber optics sensor course. The dissertation is divided into seven chapters covering the historical development of fiber-optic sensors, a theoretical overview of fiber-optic sensors, the design, fabrication, and the testing of the modular sensor developed in the course of this work. Chapter 1 discusses, in detail, how this dissertation is organized and states the purpose of the dissertation. Chapter 2 presents an historical overview of the development of optical fibers, optical pressure sensors, and fibers, optical pressure sensors, and optical microphones. Chapter 3 reviews the theory of multi-fiber optic detection systems, optical microphones, and pressure sensors. Chapter 4 presents the design details of the modular, optical sensor. Chapter 5 delves into how the modular sensor is fabricated and how the detection systems are constructed. Chapter 6 presents the data collected from the microphone and pressure sensor configurations of the modular sensor. Finally, Chapter 7 discusses the data collected and draws conclusions about the design based on the data collected. Chapter 7 also presents future work needed to expand the functionality and utility of the modular sensor.

  19. Strategic directions for U.S. Geological Survey water science, 2012-2022 - Observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science to the Nation

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Evenson, Eric J.; Orndorff, Randall C.; Blome, Charles D.; Böhlke, John Karl; Hershberger, Paul K.; Langenheim, V.E.; McCabe, Gregory J.; Morlock, Scott E.; Reeves, Howard W.; Verdin, James P.; Weyers, Holly S.; Wood, Tamara M.

    2012-01-01

    This report concludes with a chapter devoted to the crosscutting science issues of the Water Mission Area with the other USGS Mission Areas: Climate and Land Use Change, Core Science Systems, Ecosystems, Energy and Minerals, Environmental Health Science, and Natural Hazards. Not one of these Mission Areas stands alone—all must work together and integrate their actions to fulfill the USGS science mission for the future. This final chapter identifies the important linkages that must be realized and maintained for this integration to occur.

  20. Fourier Transform Methods. Chapter 4

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kaplan, Simon G.; Quijada, Manuel A.

    2015-01-01

    This chapter describes the use of Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) for accurate spectrophotometry over a wide spectral range. After a brief exposition of the basic concepts of FTS operation, we discuss instrument designs and their advantages and disadvantages relative to dispersive spectrometers. We then examine how common sources of error in spectrophotometry manifest themselves when using an FTS and ways to reduce the magnitude of these errors. Examples are given of applications to both basic and derived spectrophotometric quantities. Finally, we give recommendations for choosing the right instrument for a specific application, and how to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results..

  1. Advances in life cycle assessment and emergy evaluation with case studies in gold mining and pineapple production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ingwersen, Wesley W.

    Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an internationally standardized framework for assessing the environmental impacts of products that is rapidly evolving to improve understanding and quantification of how complex product systems depend upon and affect the environment. This dissertation contributes to that evolution through the development of new methods for measuring impacts, estimating the uncertainty of impacts, and measuring ranges of environmental performance, with a focus on product systems in non-OECD countries that have not been well characterized. The integration of a measure of total energy use, emergy, is demonstrated in an LCA of gold from the Yanacocha mine in Peru in the second chapter. A model for estimating the accuracy of emergy results is proposed in the following chapter. The fourth chapter presents a template for LCA-based quantification of the range of environmental performance for tropical agricultural products using the example of fresh pineapple production for export in Costa Rica that can be used to create product labels with environmental information. The final chapter synthesizes how each methodological contribution will together improve the science of measuring product environmental performance.

  2. Drug Therapy.

    PubMed

    He, Ri-Hui; Tao, Ran

    2017-01-01

    This chapter first summarizes the therapy of addiction disorder, and elaborates on the progress of medication. First, the difference between dependency and addiction are introduced. The basic principles of the therapy of substance and non-substance addiction are then put forward. It is also pointed out in this chapter that with the progress of the study, the goal of addiction disorder therapy is expected to transfer from reducing the relapse and harm of the addiction to completely eliminating and recovering from it. This chapter also introduces the progress of psychological addiction elimination technology, especially the "Unconditioned Stimulus Retrieval Extinction Paradigm and Conditioned Stimulus Retrieval Extinction Paradigm" and PITDH technology. Finally it is pointed out that in addiction disorder therapy, comprehensive intervention has become a trend. With regard to the medication for addiction disorders, this chapter also includes the progress and deficiencies of substance and non-substance addiction. In terms of addiction disorder rehabilitation, the foundation of substance addiction is medication which is, however, limited for non-substance addiction. The key to the rehabilitation of addiction disorder is psycho-behavioral therapy, which is especially effective in eliminating craving.

  3. Health effects of mineral dusts, Volume 28: Proceedings

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Guthrie, G.D. Jr.; Mossman, B.T.

    1993-12-31

    The processes that lead to the development of disease (or pathogenesis) by minerals very likely occur at or near the mineral-fluid interface. Thus the field of ``mineral-induced pathogenesis`` is a prime candidate for interdisciplinary research, involving mineral scientists, health scientists, petrologists, pathologists, geochemists, biochemists, and surface scientists, to name a few. This review volume and the short course upon which it was based are intended to provide some of the necessary tools for the researcher interested in this area of interdisciplinary research. The chapters present several of the important problems, concepts, and approaches from both the geological and biological endsmore » of the spectrum. These two extremes are partially integrated throughout the book by cross-referencing between chapters. Chapter 1 also presents a general introduction into the ways in which these two areas overlap. The final chapter of this book discusses some of the regulatory aspects of minerals. A glossary is included at the end of this book, because the complexity of scientific terms in the two fields can thwart even the most enthusiastic of individuals. Individual reports have been processed separately for the database.« less

  4. Groundwater in geologic processes, 2nd edition

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Ingebritsen, Steven E.; Sanford, Ward E.; Neuzil, Christopher E.

    2006-01-01

    Interest in the role of Groundwater in Geologic Processes has increased steadily over the past few decades. Hydrogeologists and geologists are now actively exploring the role of groundwater and other subsurface fluids in such fundamental geologic processes as crustal heat transfer, ore deposition, hydrocarbon migration, earthquakes, tectonic deformation, diagenesis, and metamorphism.Groundwater in Geologic Processes is the first comprehensive treatment of this body of inquiry. Chapters 1 to 4 develop the basic theories of groundwater motion, hydromechanics, solute transport, and heat transport. Chapter 5 applies these theories to regional groundwater flow systems in a generic sense, and Chapters 6 to 13 focus on particular geologic processes and environments. Relative to the first edition of Groundwater in Geologic Processes , this second edition includes a much more comprehensive treatment of hydromechanics (the coupling of groundwater flow and deformation). It also includes new chapters on "compaction and diagenesis," "metamorphism," and "subsea hydrogeology." Finally, it takes advantage of the substantial body of published research that has appeared since the first edition in 1998. The systematic presentation of theory and application, and the problem sets that conclude each chapter, make this book ideal for undergraduate- and graduate-level geology courses (assuming that the students have some background in calculus and introductory chemistry). It also serves as an invaluable reference for researchers and other professionals in the field

  5. Functional anatomy and immunological interactions of ocular surface and adnexa.

    PubMed

    Paulsen, Friedrich

    2008-01-01

    This chapter gives an overview about the structures and physiology of the ocular surface and its adnexa and focuses in a second part on the possible meaning of eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT) in a context with the development of dry eye. Sections deal with (1) anatomy of the ocular surface, lacrimal gland, eyelid and nasolacrimal ducts. (2) The meaning and importance of the lacrimal functional unit and the function of the mucosal innate immune system are briefly summarized. (3) Finally, the occurrence and the possible function of EALT is discussed with regard to tolerance induction and dry eye. The epithelial surface of the eye and its specialized glandular infoldings produce the components of the tear film, which include water, protective antimicrobials, cytokines, lipids as well as mucins and trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides. Antimicrobials, mucins and TFF peptides perform a number of essential functions which, collectively, provide protection of the ocular surface. Their production changes in cases of dry eye. The development of EALT is a common feature frequently occurring in symptomatically normal conjunctiva and nasolacrimal ducts. The production of antimicrobials, mucins and TFF peptides can be linked with cell signaling, tear film rheology, and antimicrobial defense at the ocular surface. Changes in the production of such peptides and proteins in cases of dry eye support the assumption that these peptides and proteins are involved in the pathophysiological events that occur at the ocular surface and lacrimal apparatus. Whether special types of bacteria, viruses, or other factors, e.g., immune deviation, are responsible for the development of EALT in humans requires further investigation in prospective and experimental studies.

  6. Properties of Galaxies and Groups: Nature versus Nurture

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Niemi, Sami-Matias

    2011-09-01

    Due to the inherently nonlinear nature of gravity cosmological N-body simulations have become an invaluable tool when the growth of structure is being studied and modelled closer to the present epoch. Large simulations with high dynamical range have made it possible to model the formation and growth of cosmic structure with unprecedented accuracy. Moreover, galaxies, the basic building blocks of the Universe, can also be modelled in cosmological context. However, despite all the simulations and successes in recent decades, there are still many unanswered questions in the field of galaxy formation and evolution. One of the longest standing issue being the significance of the formation place and thus initial conditions to a galaxy's evolution in respect to environment, often formulated simply as "nature versus nurture" like in human development and psychology. Unfortunately, our understanding of galaxy evolution in different environments is still limited, albeit, for example, the morphology-density relation has shown that the density of the galaxy's local environment can affect its properties. Consequently, the environment should play a role in galaxy evolution, however despite the efforts, the exact role of the galaxy's local environment to its evolution remains open. This thesis introduction discusses briefly the background cosmology, cosmological N-body simulations and semi-analytical models. The second part is reserved for groups of galaxies, whether they are gravitationally bound, and what this may imply for galaxy evolution. The third part of the thesis concentrates on describing results of a case study of isolated field elliptical galaxies. The final chapter discusses another case study of luminous infra-red galaxies.

  7. Phosphate-Modified Nucleotides for Monitoring Enzyme Activity.

    PubMed

    Ermert, Susanne; Marx, Andreas; Hacker, Stephan M

    2017-04-01

    Nucleotides modified at the terminal phosphate position have been proven to be interesting entities to study the activity of a variety of different protein classes. In this chapter, we present various types of modifications that were attached as reporter molecules to the phosphate chain of nucleotides and briefly describe the chemical reactions that are frequently used to synthesize them. Furthermore, we discuss a variety of applications of these molecules. Kinase activity, for instance, was studied by transfer of a phosphate modified with a reporter group to the target proteins. This allows not only studying the activity of kinases, but also identifying their target proteins. Moreover, kinases can also be directly labeled with a reporter at a conserved lysine using acyl-phosphate probes. Another important application for phosphate-modified nucleotides is the study of RNA and DNA polymerases. In this context, single-molecule sequencing is made possible using detection in zero-mode waveguides, nanopores or by a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based mechanism between the polymerase and a fluorophore-labeled nucleotide. Additionally, fluorogenic nucleotides that utilize an intramolecular interaction between a fluorophore and the nucleobase or an intramolecular FRET effect have been successfully developed to study a variety of different enzymes. Finally, also some novel techniques applying electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based detection of nucleotide cleavage or the detection of the cleavage of fluorophosphates are discussed. Taken together, nucleotides modified at the terminal phosphate position have been applied to study the activity of a large diversity of proteins and are valuable tools to enhance the knowledge of biological systems.

  8. The World According to Jared Diamond.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McNeil, J. R.

    2001-01-01

    Reviews the book, "Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies" (Jared Diamond). Examines the strengths of the book, focusing on its distinctive aspects, while also offering criticism. States that the final chapter is the most problematic part of Diamond's work. (CMK)

  9. Learning from Decoding across Disciplines and within Communities of Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller-Young, Janice; Boman, Jennifer

    2017-01-01

    This final chapter synthesizes the findings and implications derived from applying the Decoding the Disciplines model across disciplines and within communities of practice. We make practical suggestions for teachers and researchers who wish to apply and extend this work.

  10. 76 FR 23871 - Guidelines for the Supervisory Review Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-29

    ... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Chapter VII [IRPS 11-1] Guidelines for the Supervisory Review Committee AGENCY: National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). ACTION: Final Interpretative Ruling.... 2160 (1994), the NCUA Board (Board) adopted guidelines that established an independent appellate...

  11. Primer on consumer marketing research : procedures, methods, and tools

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1994-03-01

    The Volpe Center developed a marketing research primer which provides a guide to the approach, procedures, and research tools used by private industry in predicting consumer response. The final two chapters of the primer focus on the challenges of do...

  12. 77 FR 53906 - Notice of Filing of Plats of Survey; South Dakota

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-04

    ... section 18, and the survey of a portion of the meanders of the present left bank of Chouteau Creek... they have become final, including decisions or appeals. Authority: 43 U.S.C. chapter 3. Steve L. Toth...

  13. 99mTc: Labeling Chemistry and Labeled Compounds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alberto, R.; Abram, U.

    This chapter reviews the radiopharmaceutical chemistry of technetium related to the synthesis of perfusion agents and to the labeling of receptor-binding biomolecules. To understand the limitations of technetium chemistry imposed by future application of the complexes in nuclear medicine, an introductory section analyzes the compulsory requirements to be considered when facing the incentive of introducing a novel radiopharmaceutical into the market. Requirements from chemistry, routine application, and market are discussed. In a subsequent section, commercially available 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals are treated. It covers the complexes in use for imaging the most important target organs such as heart, brain, or kidney. The commercially available radiopharmaceuticals fulfill the requirements outlined earlier and are discussed with this background. In a following section, the properties and perspectives of the different generations of radiopharmaceuticals are described in a general way, covering characteristics for perfusion agents and for receptor-specific molecules. Technetium chemistry for the synthesis of perfusion agents and the different labeling approaches for target-specific biomolecules are summarized. The review comprises a general introduction to the common approaches currently in use, employing the N x S4-x , [3+1] and 2-hydrazino-nicotinicacid (HYNIC) method as well as more recent strategies such as the carbonyl and the TcN approach. Direct labeling without the need of a bifunctional chelator is briefly reviewed as well. More particularly, recent developments in the labeling of concrete targeting molecules, the second generation of radiopharmaceuticals, is then discussed and prominent examples with antibodies/peptides, neuroreceptor targeting small molecules, myocardial imaging agents, vitamins, thymidine, and complexes relevant to multidrug resistance are given. In addition, a new approach toward peptide drug development is described. The section has a focus on coordination and labeling chemistry, but biological results are briefly summarized as well. The last (and shortest) section finally intends to give a (subjective) outlook for the future role of 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals. Critical comments are spread over the whole article but are concentrated in this section. Despite the increasing competition of diagnostic radiopharmacy by other commonly applied methods in medicine such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound, the authors are convinced that 99mTc will play a key role also in future if novel approaches are added and the requirements from chemistry biology and the market considered in research to a stronger extent.

  14. Regulation of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products in Taiwan.

    PubMed

    Lin, Yi-Chu; Wang, Po-Yu; Tsai, Shih-Chih; Lin, Chien-Liang; Tai, Hsuen-Yung; Lo, Chi-Fang; Wu, Shiow-Ing; Chiang, Yu-Mei; Liu, Li-Ling

    2015-01-01

    Owing to the rapid and mature development of emerging biotechnology in the fields of cell culture, cell preservation, and recombinant DNA technology, more and more cell or gene medicinal therapy products have been approved for marketing, to treat serious diseases which have been challenging to treat with current medical practice or medicine. This chapter will briefly introduce the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) and elaborate regulation of cell and gene therapy medicinal products in Taiwan, including regulatory history evolution, current regulatory framework, application and review procedures, and relevant jurisdictional issues. Under the promise of quality, safety, and efficacy of medicinal products, it is expected the regulation and environment will be more flexible, streamlining the process of the marketing approval of new emerging cell or gene therapy medicinal products and providing diverse treatment options for physicians and patients.

  15. School engagement: what it is and why it is important for positive youth development.

    PubMed

    Li, Yibing

    2011-01-01

    The observation that too many students are disengaged from school has inspired interest in the concept of school engagement. However, the growing excitement about school engagement is tempered by numerous conceptual and measurement issues. In this chapter, I briefly reviewed the history of the study of school engagement, summarized some prominent theoretical perspectives in the school engagement literature, discussed why it is important to understand the mechanism through which school engagement promotes positive youth development, and made recommendations on future research directions for this topic. Specifically, I called for a better understanding of and the nuances within the school engagement construct, advocated for the development of school engagement measures with sound psychometric property, and encouraged methodological innovations that can be used to understand the development of school engagement and its implications to positive youth development.

  16. Concept Mapping Using Cmap Tools to Enhance Meaningful Learning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cañas, Alberto J.; Novak, Joseph D.

    Concept maps are graphical tools that have been used in all facets of education and training for organizing and representing knowledge. When learners build concept maps, meaningful learning is facilitated. Computer-based concept mapping software such as CmapTools have further extended the use of concept mapping and greatly enhanced the potential of the tool, facilitating the implementation of a concept map-centered learning environment. In this chapter, we briefly present concept mapping and its theoretical foundation, and illustrate how it can lead to an improved learning environment when it is combined with CmapTools and the Internet. We present the nationwide “Proyecto Conéctate al Conocimiento” in Panama as an example of how concept mapping, together with technology, can be adopted by hundreds of schools as a means to enhance meaningful learning.

  17. What the laboratory rat has taught us about social play behavior: role in behavioral development and neural mechanisms.

    PubMed

    Vanderschuren, Louk J M J; Trezza, Viviana

    2014-01-01

    Social play behavior is the most vigorous and characteristic form of social interaction displayed by developing mammals. The laboratory rat is an ideal species to study this behavior, since it shows ample social play that can be easily recognized and quantified. In this chapter, we will first briefly describe the structure of social play behavior in rats. Next, we will discuss studies that used social isolation rearing during the period in life when social play is most abundant to investigate the developmental functions of social play behavior in rats, focusing on the consequences of play deprivation on social, cognitive, emotional, and sensorimotor development. Last, we will discuss the neural substrates of social play behavior in rats, with emphasis on the limbic corticostriatal circuits that underlie emotions and their influence on behavior.

  18. Quicksilver deposits of the Pilot Mountains, Mineral County, Nevada: Chapter E in Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1927: Part I - Metals and nonmetals except fuels

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Foshag, William F.

    1927-01-01

    In the course of general geologic mapping of the Hawthorne quadrangle, in western Nevada, the writer undertook a short study of the quicksilver deposits of the Pilot Mountains. The work was. done under the supervision of Henry G. Ferguson, in charge of the field work in the Hawthorne quadrangle, and the writer was accompanied by L. B. Spencer, mining engineer, of Mina, Nev., whose intimate knowledge of the district greatly facilitated the study and to whom the writer is indebted for much valuable information. Data on the general geology of the district, collected by Messrs. Ferguson and Cathcart, were freely drawn upon.The deposits of the Pilot Mountains were first described by Knopf* and later briefly by Ransome.2

  19. Perspective of Postpartum Depression Theories: A Narrative Literature Review

    PubMed Central

    Abdollahi, Fatemeh; Lye, Munn-Sann; Zarghami, Mehran

    2016-01-01

    Postpartum depression is the most prevalent emotional problem during a women's lifespan. Untreated postpartum depression may lead to several consequences such as child, infant, fetal, and maternal effects. The main purpose of this article is to briefly describe different theoretical perspectives of postpartum depression. A literature search was conducted in Psych Info, PubMed, and Science Direct between 1950 and 2015. Additional articles and book chapters were referenced from these sources. Different theories were suggested for developing postpartum depression. Three theories, namely, biological, psychosocial, and evolutionary were discussed. One theory or combinations of psychosocial, biological, and evolutionary theories were considered for postpartum depression. The most important factor that makes clinicians’ choice of intervention is their theoretical perspectives. Healthcare providers and physicians should help women to make informed choices regarding their treatment based on related theories. PMID:27500126

  20. Division of Biological and Medical Research research summary 1984-1985

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Barr, S.H.

    1985-08-01

    The Division of Biological and Medical Research at Argonne National Laboratory conducts multidisciplinary research aimed at defining the biological and medical hazards to man from energy technologies and new energy options. These technically oriented studies have a strong base in fundamental research in a variety of scientific disciplines, including molecular and cellular biology, biophysics, genetics, radiobiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, chemistry, environmental toxicology, and epidemiology. This research summary is organized into six parts. The first five parts reflect the Divisional structure and contain the scientific program chapters, which summarize the activities of the individual groups during the calendar year 1984 and themore » first half of 1985. To provide better continuity and perspective, previous work is sometimes briefly described. Although the summaries are short, efforts have been made to indicate the range of research activities for each group.« less

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