Molybdenum Accumulation in Marine Sediments as an Indicator of Hypoxic Water Conditions (NACAETAC)

EPA Science Inventory

Direct monitoring of hypoxic water column conditions over large spatial and temporal extents is difficult due to the substantial logistical and financial investment required. Recent studies have indicated that concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) in marine sediments may serve as a u...

Indicators of Economic Status and Social Capital in South African Townships: What Do They Reveal about the Material and Social Conditions in Families of Poor Children?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barbarin, Oscar A.; Khomo, Ngokoana

1997-01-01

Employed a method for assessing material well-being and social resources using a set of observable indicators such as adequacy of food, quality of housing, financial assets, consumer goods, and social resources. Identified two dimensions, consumption and social/financial capital, which when used to assign SES were predictive of a family's ability…

Is financial hardship associated with reduced health in disability? The case of spinal cord injury in Switzerland.

PubMed

Fekete, Christine; Siegrist, Johannes; Reinhardt, Jan D; Brinkhof, Martin W G

2014-01-01

To investigate socioeconomic inequalities in a comprehensive set of health indicators among persons with spinal cord injury in a wealthy country, Switzerland. Observational cross-sectional data from 1549 participants of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI), aged over 16 years, and living in Switzerland were analyzed. Socioeconomic circumstances were operationalized by years of formal education, net equivalent household income and financial hardship. Health indicators including secondary conditions, comorbidities, pain, mental health, participation and quality of life were used as outcomes. Associations between socioeconomic circumstances and health indicators were evaluated using ordinal regressions. Financial hardship was consistently associated with more secondary conditions (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.18-5.21), comorbidities (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.83-4.53) and pain (OR 3.32, 95% CI 2.21-4.99), whereas mental health (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15-0.36), participation (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.21-0.43) and quality of life (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.15-0.33) were reduced. Persons with higher education reported better mental health (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.07) and higher quality of life (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09); other health indicators were not associated with education. Household income was not related to any of the studied health indicators when models were controlled for financial hardship. Suffering from financial hardship goes along with significant reductions in physical health, functioning and quality of life, even in a wealthy country with comprehensive social and health policies.

Analyzing Crisis in Global Financial Indices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Sunil; Deo, Nivedita

We apply the Random Matrix Theory and complex network techniques to 20 global financial indices and study the correlation and network properties before and during the financial crisis of 2008 respectively. We find that the largest eigenvalue deviate significantly from the upper bound which shows a strong correlation between financial indices. By using a sliding window of 25 days we find that largest eigenvalue represent the collective information about the correlation between global financial indices and its trend indicate the market conditions. It is confirmed that eigenvectors corresponding to second largest eigenvalue gives useful information about the sector formation in the global financial indices. We find that these clusters are formed on the basis of the geographical location. The correlation network is constructed using threshold method for different values of threshold θ in the range 0 to 0.9, at θ=0.2 the network is fully connected. At θ=0.6, the Americas, Europe and Asia/Pacific form different clusters before the crisis but during the crisis Americas and Europe are strongly linked. If we further increase the threshold to 0.9 we find that European countries France, Germany and UK consistently constitute the most tightly linked markets before and during the crisis. We find that the structure of Minimum Spanning Tree before the crisis is more star like whereas during the crisis it changes to be more chain like. Using the multifractal analysis, we find that Hurst exponents of financial indices increases during the period of crisis as compared to the period before the crisis. The empirical results verify the validity of measures, and this has led to a better understanding of complex financial markets.

Trends in Financial Indicators of Colleges and Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomberg, Irene L.; Atelsek, Frank J.

A survey conducted by the Higher Education Panel sought trends in various items of information about the financial condition of colleges and universities. A stratified sample of 760 insitutions was used, excluding major research universities. Information was requested on basic finance data, dormitory occupancy rates, occurrence of institutional…

Creating a balanced scorecard for a hospital system.

PubMed

Pink, G H; McKillop, I; Schraa, E G; Preyra, C; Montgomery, C; Baker, G R

2001-01-01

In 1999, hospitals in Ontario, Canada, collaborated with a university-based research team to develop a report on the relative performance of individual hospitals in Canada's most populated province. The researchers used the balanced-scorecard framework advocated by Kaplan and Norton. Indicators of performance were developed in four areas: clinical utilization and outcomes, patient satisfaction, system integration and change, and financial performance and condition. The process of selecting, calculating, and validating meaningful indicators of financial performance and condition is outlined. Lessons learned along the way are provided. These lessons may prove valuable to other finance researchers and practitioners who are engaged in performance measurement endeavors.

Financial Capability and Sociodemographic Factors among Survivors of Human Trafficking.

PubMed

Okech, David; McGarity, Stephen Vandiver; Hansen, Nathan; Burns, Abigail C; Howard, Waylon

2018-01-01

Improving the economic well-being of the girls and women is a key to reducing re-trafficking and in providing stability that survivors can use to rebuild their lives. The study looks at how various sociodemographic traits affected the financial capability of n = 144 women and girls who received intervention at a residential care facility in Ghana, West Africa. Three domain of financial capability are assessed in this, i.e., financial risk, financial planning, and financial saving. A scaled likelihood ratio test (chi-square difference test) was used to evaluate the significance of each direct covariate effect(%). Each of the overall goodness-of-fit indices suggested that the initial CFA model fit the data well, χ 2 (19, N = 144)  = 31.45, p = 0.04, RMSEA = 0.067 (90% CI: 0.017-0.108), TLI = 0.923, CFI = 0.948. Older women reported lower levels of financial savings than younger women. We found that women with secondary school education or higher reported significantly higher financial risk than women with less education. Women with children reported lower levels of financial saving than women without children. Married women indicated significantly more financial saving than single women. There was a significant negative effect of time spent in trafficking conditions on financial saving, indicating the highest average level of financial savings at intervention and decreased thereafter. Programs and policies in resource-scarce contexts that aim to assist trafficking survivors must go beyond providing psychosocial counseling and focus also on economic development opportunities.

The detection of financial crisis using combination of volatility and markov switching models based on real output, domestic credit per GDP, and ICI indicators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugiyanto; Zukhronah, Etik; Setianingrum, Meganisa

2018-05-01

Open economic system has not only provided ease for every country to interact with each other, but also make it easier to transmitted the crisis. Financial crisis that hit Indonesia in 1997-1998 and 2008 severely impacted the economy, thus a method to detect crisis is required. According to Kamisky et al. [6], crisis can be detected based on several financial indicators such as real output, domestic credit per Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Indonesia Composite Index (ICI). This research aims to determine the appropriate combination of volatility and Markov switching model to detect financial crisis in Indonesia based on the indicators. Volatility model used for modeling the unconstant-variance of ARMA. Markov switching is an alternative model of time series data with changed conditions in the data, or called state. In this research, we are using three assumption of states namely low volatility state, medium volatility state and high volatility state. The data of each indicator were taken from 1990 until 2016. The result of the study show that MS-ARCH(3,1) can be used to detect the financial crisis that hit Indonesia in 1997-1998 and 2008 based on real output, domestic credit per GDP, and ICI indicators.

Performing well in financial management and quality of care: evidence from hospital process measures for treatment of cardiovascular disease.

PubMed

Dong, Gang Nathan

2015-02-01

Fiscal constraints faced by U.S. hospitals as a result of the recent economic downturn are leading to business practices that reduce costs and improve financial and operational efficiency in hospitals. There naturally arises the question of how this finance-driven management culture could affect the quality of care. This paper attempts to determine whether the process measures of treatment quality are correlated with hospital financial performance. Panel study of hospital care quality and financial condition between 2005 and 2010 for cardiovascular disease treatment at acute care hospitals in the United States. Process measures for condition-specific treatment of heart attack and heart failure and hospital-level financial condition ratios were collected from the CMS databases of Hospital Compare and Cost Reports. There is a statistically significant relationship between hospital financial performance and quality of care. Hospital profitability, financial leverage, asset liquidity, operating efficiency, and costs appear to be important factors of health care quality. In general, public hospitals provide lower quality care than their nonprofit counterparts, and urban hospitals report better quality score than those located in rural areas. Specifically, the first-difference regression results indicate that the quality of treatment for cardiovascular patients rises in the year following an increase in hospital profitability, financial leverage, and labor costs. The results suggest that, when a hospital made more profit, had the capacity to finance investment using debt, paid higher wages presumably to attract more skilled nurses, its quality of care would generally improve. While the pursuit of profit induces hospitals to enhance both quantity and quality of services they offer, the lack of financial strength may result in a lower standard of health care services, implying the importance of monitoring the quality of care among those hospitals with poor financial health.

Effects of Geographic Diversification on Risk Pooling to Mitigate Drought-Related Financial Losses for Water Utilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baum, Rachel; Characklis, Gregory W.; Serre, Marc L.

2018-04-01

As the costs and regulatory barriers to new water supply development continue to rise, drought management strategies have begun to rely more heavily on temporary conservation measures. While these measures are effective, they often lead to intermittent and unpredictable reductions in revenues that are financially disruptive to water utilities, raising concerns over lower credit ratings and higher rates of borrowing for this capital intensive sector. Consequently, there is growing interest in financial risk management strategies that reduce utility vulnerabilities. This research explores the development of financial index insurance designed to compensate a utility for drought-related losses. The focus is on analyzing candidate hydrologic indices that have the potential to be used by utilities across the US, increasing the potential for risk pooling, which would offer the possibility of both lower risk management costs and more widespread implementation. This work first analyzes drought-related financial risks for 315 publicly operated water utilities across the country and examines the effectiveness of financial contracts based on several indices both in terms of their correlation with utility revenues and their spatial autocorrelation across locations. Hydrologic-based index insurance contracts are then developed and tested over a 120 year period. Results indicate that risk pooling, even under conditions in which droughts are subject to some level of spatial autocorrelation, has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of managing financial risk.

The fallacy of financial heuristics.

PubMed

Langabeer, James

2007-01-01

In turbulent times, the financial policies and decisions about cash and debt make or break hospitals' financial condition. Decisions about whether to continue saving cash or reduce debt burdens are probably the most vital policy decision for the hospital CFO. Unfortunately, my research shows that most administrators are relying on judgment, or best-guess heuristics to address these policy issues. This article explores one of the most common heuristics in health finance-ratios gauging debt and cash on hand. The subject is explored through the research and analysis of over 40 hospitals in a very competitive marketplace-the boroughs of New York City. Analyses of financial strength, through various statistical models, were conducted to explore the linkages between traditional heuristics and long-term economic results. Data were collected for 30 operational and financial indicators. Findings suggest that organizations require different cash-debt positions based on their overall financial health, and that a one-number heuristic does not fit all. Extremely financially constrained hospitals (those approaching bankruptcy conditions) should be building free cash flow and minimizing debt service, while financially secure hospitals need to minimize cash on hand while reducing debt. If all hospitals continue to try to meet an arbitrary days of cash heuristic, this simplification could cripple an organization. A much more effective metric requires each organization to model decisions more comprehensively.

Financial incentives and coverage of child health interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Bassani, Diego G; Arora, Paul; Wazny, Kerri; Gaffey, Michelle F; Lenters, Lindsey; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A

2013-01-01

Financial incentives are widely used strategies to alleviate poverty, foster development, and improve health. Cash transfer programs, microcredit, user fee removal policies and voucher schemes that provide direct or indirect monetary incentives to households have been used for decades in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and more recently in Southeast Asia. Until now, no systematic review of the impact of financial incentives on coverage and uptake of health interventions targeting children under 5 years of age has been conducted. The objective of this review is to provide estimates on the effect of six types of financial incentive programs: (i) Unconditional cash transfers (CT), (ii) Conditional cash transfers (CCT), (iii) Microcredit (MC), (iv) Conditional Microcredit (CMC), (v) Voucher schemes (VS) and (vi) User fee removal (UFR) on the uptake and coverage of health interventions targeting children under the age of five years. We conducted systematic searches of a series of databases until September 1st, 2012, to identify relevant studies reporting on the impact of financial incentives on coverage of health interventions and behaviors targeting children under 5 years of age. The quality of the studies was assessed using the CHERG criteria. Meta-analyses were undertaken to estimate the effect when multiple studies meeting our inclusion criteria were available. Our searches resulted in 1671 titles identified 25 studies reporting on the impact of financial incentive programs on 5 groups of coverage indicators: breastfeeding practices (breastfeeding incidence, proportion of children receiving colostrum and early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for six months and duration of breastfeeding); vaccination (coverage of full immunization, partial immunization and specific antigens); health care use (seeking healthcare when child was ill, visits to health facilities for preventive reasons, visits to health facilities for any reason, visits for health check-up including growth control); management of diarrhoeal disease (ORS use during diarrhea episode, continued feeding during diarrhea, healthcare during diarrhea episode) and other preventive health interventions (iron supplementation, vitamin A, zinc supplementation, preventive deworming). The quality of evidence on the effect of financial incentives on breastfeeding practices was low but seems to indicate a potential positive impact on receiving colostrum, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding. There is no effect of financial incentives on immunization coverage although there was moderate quality evidence of conditional cash transfers leading to a small but non-significant increase in coverage of age-appropriate immunization. There was low quality evidence of impact of CCT on healthcare use by children under age 5 (Risk difference: 0.14 [95%CI: 0.03; 0.26]) as well as low quality evidence of an effect of user fee removal on use of curative health services (RD=0.62 [0.41; 0.82]). Financial incentives may have potential to promote increased coverage of several important child health interventions, but the quality of evidence available is low. The more pronounced effects seem to be achieved by programs that directly removed user fees for access to health services. Some indication of effect were also observed for programs that conditioned financial incentives on participation in health education and attendance to health care visits. This finding suggest that the measured effect may be less a consequence of the financial incentive and more due to conditionalities addressing important informational barriers.

Financial incentives and coverage of child health interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Financial incentives are widely used strategies to alleviate poverty, foster development, and improve health. Cash transfer programs, microcredit, user fee removal policies and voucher schemes that provide direct or indirect monetary incentives to households have been used for decades in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and more recently in Southeast Asia. Until now, no systematic review of the impact of financial incentives on coverage and uptake of health interventions targeting children under 5 years of age has been conducted. The objective of this review is to provide estimates on the effect of six types of financial incentive programs: (i) Unconditional cash transfers (CT), (ii) Conditional cash transfers (CCT), (iii) Microcredit (MC), (iv) Conditional Microcredit (CMC), (v) Voucher schemes (VS) and (vi) User fee removal (UFR) on the uptake and coverage of health interventions targeting children under the age of five years. Methods We conducted systematic searches of a series of databases until September 1st, 2012, to identify relevant studies reporting on the impact of financial incentives on coverage of health interventions and behaviors targeting children under 5 years of age. The quality of the studies was assessed using the CHERG criteria. Meta-analyses were undertaken to estimate the effect when multiple studies meeting our inclusion criteria were available. Results Our searches resulted in 1671 titles identified 25 studies reporting on the impact of financial incentive programs on 5 groups of coverage indicators: breastfeeding practices (breastfeeding incidence, proportion of children receiving colostrum and early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for six months and duration of breastfeeding); vaccination (coverage of full immunization, partial immunization and specific antigens); health care use (seeking healthcare when child was ill, visits to health facilities for preventive reasons, visits to health facilities for any reason, visits for health check-up including growth control); management of diarrhoeal disease (ORS use during diarrhea episode, continued feeding during diarrhea, healthcare during diarrhea episode) and other preventive health interventions (iron supplementation, vitamin A, zinc supplementation, preventive deworming). The quality of evidence on the effect of financial incentives on breastfeeding practices was low but seems to indicate a potential positive impact on receiving colostrum, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding. There is no effect of financial incentives on immunization coverage although there was moderate quality evidence of conditional cash transfers leading to a small but non-significant increase in coverage of age-appropriate immunization. There was low quality evidence of impact of CCT on healthcare use by children under age 5 (Risk difference: 0.14 [95%CI: 0.03; 0.26]) as well as low quality evidence of an effect of user fee removal on use of curative health services (RD=0.62 [0.41; 0.82]). Conclusions Financial incentives may have potential to promote increased coverage of several important child health interventions, but the quality of evidence available is low. The more pronounced effects seem to be achieved by programs that directly removed user fees for access to health services. Some indication of effect were also observed for programs that conditioned financial incentives on participation in health education and attendance to health care visits. This finding suggest that the measured effect may be less a consequence of the financial incentive and more due to conditionalities addressing important informational barriers. PMID:24564520

12 CFR 705.6 - Application and award processes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... necessary based on the type of funding initiative, economic environment, or other factors or conditions that... long-term financial viability, including absence of indicators suggesting the Qualifying Credit Union...

12 CFR 705.6 - Application and award processes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... necessary based on the type of funding initiative, economic environment, or other factors or conditions that... long-term financial viability, including absence of indicators suggesting the Qualifying Credit Union...

12 CFR 705.6 - Application and award processes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... necessary based on the type of funding initiative, economic environment, or other factors or conditions that... long-term financial viability, including absence of indicators suggesting the Qualifying Credit Union...

24 CFR 902.1 - Purpose, scope, and general matters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... agencies (PHAs), public housing residents, and the general public, by providing a management tool for... requirements for poor performers. (b) Scope. PHAS is a strategic measure of the essential housing operations of... indicators, which are more fully addressed in § 902.9: Physical condition, financial condition, management...

Financial Measures Project: Measuring Financial Conditions of Colleges and Universities, 1978 Working Conference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coldren, Sharon L., Ed.

Papers are presented from a 1978 working conference on measuring financial conditions of colleges and universities. Contents include the following: "The Federal Government's Interest in the Development of Financial Measures" by M. Chandler; "Improving the Conceptual Framework for Measuring Financial Condition Using Institutional…

Adverse psychosocial working conditions and poor quality of life among financial service employees in Brazil.

PubMed

Silva, Luiz Sergio; Barreto, Sandhi Maria

2012-01-01

Workers in the financial services sector are exposed to great stress at work. This study investigates whether exposure to adverse psychosocial work conditions is independently associated with poor health-related physical and mental quality of life among financial services workers. We studied a nationwide representative sample of 2,054 workers of a large Brazilian state bank in 2008. Adverse psychosocial work conditions were investigated by the Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) scale and the Job content questionnaire (JCQ). Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-12). Poor mental and physical HRQL was defined by the lowest quartiles of the SF-12 final score distributions. Associations were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. In the multivariate analysis, exposures to low control and lack of social support at work (JCQ) were associated with poor HRQL in the physical domain. Increasing effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment (ERI), on the other hand, were associated with poor HRQL in the mental domain, with a significant statistical trend. Overcommitment was also associated with poor physical HRQL. The results suggest that exposure to adverse psychosocial work conditions has a negative impact on both domains of HRQL among financial service workers. They also indicate that ERI and DC models capture different aspects of job strain.

12 CFR 219.5 - Conditions for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... financial records prior to the time the financial institution is notified of such event. (c) Itemized bill... FOR PROVIDING FINANCIAL RECORDS; RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN FINANCIAL RECORDS (REGULATION S) Reimbursement to Financial Institutions for Providing Financial Records § 219.5 Conditions for...

Financial well-being of older Australians with multiple health conditions.

PubMed

Temple, Jeromey B; Williams, Ruth

2018-06-01

Given recent rises in out-of-pocket health expenses, we examined the financial well-being of older Australians with multiple health conditions and disabilities. The 2014 General Social Survey was used to measure the: (i) current financial position; (ii) propensity to experience financial difficulties; and (iii) types of behaviours older people with multiple health conditions engage in to improve financial resilience. Compared to older Australians with no health conditions, respondents with multiple health conditions had lower incomes and assets and a higher propensity to hold consumer debt (once controls were included). They were at a higher risk of cash flow difficulties, dissaving to meet day-to-day living expenses and exclusion from financial providers. However, the majority of people with multiple health conditions engaged in financially resilient behaviours. Many older Australians with multiple health conditions were in a financially precarious situation with implications for the ability to afford ongoing increases in out-of-pocket health-care costs. © 2018 AJA Inc.

Parental Financial Assistance and Young Adults’ Relationships With Parents and Well-Being

PubMed Central

Johnson, Monica Kirkpatrick

2013-01-01

Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the impact of parental financial assistance on young adults’ relationships with parents and well-being. Conditional change models were estimated to evaluate the effects of parental financial assistance reported in Wave 3 (ages 18 – 26) and Wave 4 (ages 24 – 32) of the study. The results (Ns ranged from 9,128 to 13,389 across outcomes) indicated that financial assistance was positively associated with changes in depressive symptoms and closeness to both mothers and fathers in both periods. Changes in self-esteem were less robustly linked to parental financial assistance. Although the observed pattern with respect to parent – child relations held regardless of the progress young people had made in the transition to adulthood, the effects for well-being, which were also relatively small in magnitude, did not. In particular, changes in depressive symptoms associated with financial assistance were concentrated among individuals occupying adult social roles. PMID:23935214

What's good for the goose is good for the gander. Guiding principles for the use of financial incentives in health behaviour change.

PubMed

Lynagh, Marita C; Sanson-Fisher, Rob W; Bonevski, Billie

2013-03-01

The use of financial incentives or pay-for-performance programs for health care providers has triggered emerging interest in the use of financial incentives for encouraging health behaviour change. This paper aims to identify key conditions under which the use of financial incentives for improvements in public health outcomes is most likely to be effective and appropriate. We review recent systematic reviews on their effectiveness in changing health behaviour and identify existing moral concerns concerning personal financial incentives. Current evidence indicates that incentives can be effective in driving health behaviour change under certain provisos, while a number of misgivings continue to be deliberated on. We outline a number of key principles for consideration in decisions about the potential use of incentives in leading to public health improvements. These key principles can assist policy makers in making decisions on the use of financial incentives directed at achieving improvements in public health.

Numerical Activities of Daily Living - Financial (NADL-F): A tool for the assessment of financial capacities.

PubMed

Arcara, Giorgio; Burgio, Francesca; Benavides-Varela, Silvia; Toffano, Roberta; Gindri, Patrizia; Tonini, Elisabetta; Meneghello, Francesca; Semenza, Carlo

2017-09-07

Financial capacity is the ability to manage one's own finances according to self-interests. Failure in financial decisions and lack of independence when dealing with money can affect people's quality of life and are associated with neuropsychological deficits or clinical conditions such as mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease. Despite the importance of evaluating financial capacity in the assessment of patients with neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders, only a few tools have been developed. In the present article, the authors introduce the Numerical Activities of Daily Living - Financial (NADL-F) test, a new test to assess financial capacity in clinical populations. The NADL-F is relatively short, yet it encompasses the most common activities involving financial capacities. The NADL-F proved to have satisfactory psychometric properties and overall good validity for measuring financial abilities. Associations with performance on basic neuropsychological tests were investigated, in particular focusing on mathematical abilities as cognitive correlates of financial capacity. Results indicate that the NADL-F could be a useful tool to guide treatments for the enhancement of financial capacities. By sharing all materials and procedures, the authors hope to promote the development of further versions of the NADL-F in different languages, taking into account the necessary adjustments related to different socio-cultural contexts.

Factors associated with variation in financial condition among voluntary hospitals.

PubMed Central

Brecher, C; Nesbitt, S

1985-01-01

This article uses multiple regression analysis to identify factors which affect variations in the financial condition of voluntary hospitals in New York State. Six separate ratios are used to measure financial condition and 18 independent variables are considered. The factors affecting financial conditions were found to vary among dimensions of financial health, and different causal relationships were evident among hospitals in New York City than among those in the rest of the state. PMID:4019212

12 CFR 219.5 - Conditions for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FOR PROVIDING FINANCIAL RECORDS; RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN FINANCIAL RECORDS (REGULATION S) Reimbursement to Financial Institutions for Providing Financial Records § 219.5 Conditions for... reproduced financial records that were not stored electronically (i.e., where the information requested was...

12 CFR 219.5 - Conditions for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... FOR PROVIDING FINANCIAL RECORDS; RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN FINANCIAL RECORDS (REGULATION S) Reimbursement to Financial Institutions for Providing Financial Records § 219.5 Conditions for... reproduced financial records that were not stored electronically (i.e., where the information requested was...

12 CFR 219.5 - Conditions for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... FOR PROVIDING FINANCIAL RECORDS; RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN FINANCIAL RECORDS (REGULATION S) Reimbursement to Financial Institutions for Providing Financial Records § 219.5 Conditions for... reproduced financial records that were not stored electronically (i.e., where the information requested was...

12 CFR 219.5 - Conditions for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... FOR PROVIDING FINANCIAL RECORDS; RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN FINANCIAL RECORDS (REGULATION S) Reimbursement to Financial Institutions for Providing Financial Records § 219.5 Conditions for... reproduced financial records that were not stored electronically (i.e., where the information requested was...

Mental Health and Its Associated Variables Among International Students at a Japanese University: With Special Reference to Their Financial Status.

PubMed

Kono, Kumi; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Obayashi, Yoshihide; Arai, Asuna; Tamashiro, Hiko

2015-12-01

We attempted to identify the risk factors that may affect mental health status of the international students and we conducted the survey using a self-administered questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The students were divided into two groups; (1) those who received scholarships and (2) those who didn't since we thought the division represented practical patterns of their financial status. The associations of socio-demographic characteristics with depressive symptoms were examined. Of the 726 students, 480 (66.1%) responded and 207 (43.1%) had depressive symptoms. The logistic regression analysis indicated that quality of sleep, amount of exercise, and housing conditions--but not financial status--were statistically associated with the risk of developing depressive symptoms. Although the inversion of the cause and effect is yet to be ascertained, the students who are unsatisfied with their housing conditions, quality of sleep and less exercise need more attention.

Effects of mental health benefits legislation: a community guide systematic review.

PubMed

Sipe, Theresa Ann; Finnie, Ramona K C; Knopf, John A; Qu, Shuli; Reynolds, Jeffrey A; Thota, Anilkrishna B; Hahn, Robert A; Goetzel, Ron Z; Hennessy, Kevin D; McKnight-Eily, Lela R; Chapman, Daniel P; Anderson, Clinton W; Azrin, Susan; Abraido-Lanza, Ana F; Gelenberg, Alan J; Vernon-Smiley, Mary E; Nease, Donald E

2015-06-01

Health insurance benefits for mental health services typically have paid less than benefits for physical health services, resulting in potential underutilization or financial burden for people with mental health conditions. Mental health benefits legislation was introduced to improve financial protection (i.e., decrease financial burden) and to increase access to, and use of, mental health services. This systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mental health benefits legislation, including executive orders, in improving mental health. Methods developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used to identify, evaluate, and analyze available evidence. The evidence included studies published or reported from 1965 to March 2011 with at least one of the following outcomes: access to care, financial protection, appropriate utilization, quality of care, diagnosis of mental illness, morbidity and mortality, and quality of life. Analyses were conducted in 2012. Thirty eligible studies were identified in 37 papers. Implementation of mental health benefits legislation was associated with financial protection (decreased out-of-pocket costs) and appropriate utilization of services. Among studies examining the impact of legislation strength, most found larger positive effects for comprehensive parity legislation or policies than for less-comprehensive ones. Few studies assessed other mental health outcomes. Evidence indicates that mental health benefits legislation, particularly comprehensive parity legislation, is effective in improving financial protection and increasing appropriate utilization of mental health services for people with mental health conditions. Evidence was limited for other mental health outcomes. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Effects of Mental Health Benefits Legislation

PubMed Central

Sipe, Theresa Ann; Finnie, Ramona K.C.; Knopf, John A.; Qu, Shuli; Reynolds, Jeffrey A.; Thota, Anilkrishna B.; Hahn, Robert A.; Goetzel, Ron Z.; Hennessy, Kevin D.; McKnight-Eily, Lela R.; Chapman, Daniel P.; Anderson, Clinton W.; Azrin, Susan; Abraido-Lanza, Ana F.; Gelenberg, Alan J.; Vernon-Smiley, Mary E.; Nease, Donald E.

2015-01-01

Context Health insurance benefits for mental health services typically have paid less than benefits for physical health services, resulting in potential underutilization or financial burden for people with mental health conditions. Mental health benefits legislation was introduced to improve financial protection (i.e., decrease financial burden) and to increase access to, and use of, mental health services. This systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mental health benefits legislation, including executive orders, in improving mental health. Evidence acquisition Methods developed for the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used to identify, evaluate, and analyze available evidence. The evidence included studies published or reported from 1965 to March 2011 with at least one of the following outcomes: access to care, financial protection, appropriate utilization, quality of care, diagnosis of mental illness, morbidity and mortality, and quality of life. Analyses were conducted in 2012. Evidence synthesis Thirty eligible studies were identified in 37 papers. Implementation of mental health benefits legislation was associated with financial protection (decreased out-of-pocket costs) and appropriate utilization of services. Among studies examining the impact of legislation strength, most found larger positive effects for comprehensive parity legislation or policies than for less-comprehensive ones. Few studies assessed other mental health outcomes. Conclusions Evidence indicates that mental health benefits legislation, particularly comprehensive parity legislation, is effective in improving financial protection and increasing appropriate utilization of mental health services for people with mental health conditions. Evidence is limited for other mental health outcomes. PMID:25998926

Financial Health Indicators for Institutions of Higher Learning: A Literature Review and Synthesis. Technical Report No. 13.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brubaker, Paul

Forty studies that have formulated financial standards or indicators for colleges and universities are reviewed. The 40 investigations have been conducted since 1973 and have generated over 300 financial indicators. Information is provided on reasons for performing financial analysis, databases that generate the financial information, theoretical…

Measuring the coupled risks: A copula-based CVaR model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Xubiao; Gong, Pu

2009-01-01

Integrated risk management for financial institutions requires an approach for aggregating risk types (such as market and credit) whose distributional shapes vary considerably. The financial institutions often ignore risks' coupling influence so as to underestimate the financial risks. We constructed a copula-based Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) model for market and credit risks. This technique allows us to incorporate realistic marginal distributions that capture essential empirical features of these risks, such as skewness and fat-tails while allowing for a rich dependence structure. Finally, the numerical simulation method is used to implement the model. Our results indicate that the coupled risks for the listed company's stock maybe are undervalued if credit risk is ignored, especially for the listed company with bad credit quality.

Comparing the financial condition of Texas hospitals using a novel definition for the safety net.

PubMed

Stauffer, Brett D; Amarasingham, Ruben; Pickens, Sue; Anderson, Ron J

2008-08-01

Lack of health insurance is more prevalent in the state of Texas than in the rest of the country. To get necessary medical care, uninsured Texans must rely on safety net hospitals. Economic turmoil and fluctuating public support routinely threaten the financial stability of these hospitals. Safety net hospitals must be identified to craft public policy solutions that ensure their viability. In this paper, we propose a new method to identify these hospitals by incorporating criteria established previously by economists with additional measures of community value. Our data indicate that safety net hospitals continue to face financial challenges. Texas will need to move forward along several policy fronts to preserve this vital system of care.

Influence of socioeconomic status, wealth and financial empowerment on gender differences in health and healthcare utilization in later life: evidence from India.

PubMed

Roy, Kakoli; Chaudhuri, Anoshua

2008-05-01

Empirical studies from developed countries observe that women report worse health and higher healthcare utilization than men, but the health disadvantage diminishes with age; gender differences in self-rated health often vanish or are reversed in older ages. Comparable assessments of health during later life from developing countries are limited because of the lack of large-scale surveys that include older women. Our study attempts to address the shortage of developing country studies by examining gender differences in health and healthcare utilization among older adults in India. Both ordered and binary logit specifications were used to assess significant gender differences in subjective and objective health, and healthcare utilization after controlling for demographics, medical conditions, traditional indicators of socioeconomic status like education and income, and additional wealth indicators. The wealth indicators, measured by property ownership and economic independence, are regarded as financially empowering older adults to exercise greater control over their health and well-being. Data are drawn from a nationally representative decennial socioeconomic and health survey of 120,942 Indian households conducted during 1995-1996. The study sample comprises 34,086 older men and women aged >or= 60 years. Our results indicate that older women report worse self-rated health, higher prevalence of disabilities, marginally lower chronic conditions, and lower healthcare utilization than men. The health disadvantage and lower utilization among women cannot be explained by demographics and the differential distribution of medical conditions. While successive controls for education, income, and property ownership narrows the gender gap in both health and healthcare utilization, significant differentials still persist. Upon controlling for economic independence, gender differentials disappear or are reversed, with older women having equal or better health than otherwise similar men. Financial empowerment might confer older women the health advantage reflected in developed societies by enhancing a woman's ability to undertake primary and secondary prevention during the life course.

The log-periodic-AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) model for financial crashes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gazola, L.; Fernandes, C.; Pizzinga, A.; Riera, R.

2008-02-01

This paper intends to meet recent claims for the attainment of more rigorous statistical methodology within the econophysics literature. To this end, we consider an econometric approach to investigate the outcomes of the log-periodic model of price movements, which has been largely used to forecast financial crashes. In order to accomplish reliable statistical inference for unknown parameters, we incorporate an autoregressive dynamic and a conditional heteroskedasticity structure in the error term of the original model, yielding the log-periodic-AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) model. Both the original and the extended models are fitted to financial indices of U. S. market, namely S&P500 and NASDAQ. Our analysis reveal two main points: (i) the log-periodic-AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) model has residuals with better statistical properties and (ii) the estimation of the parameter concerning the time of the financial crash has been improved.

Selecting indicators for the 2011 Assessment of the Nation's Wetlands

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is planning to conduct a National Wetland Condition Assessment in 2011 with reporting due in 2013. The results will be used to ensure that technical and financial resources are more efficiently allocated to address risks that confro...

77 FR 45285 - Definition of Troubled Condition

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-31

... with assets between $250 million and $500 million that have experienced some degree of financial stress... examinations has doubled, not the number of FISCUs experiencing difficulties. Statistics indicate that in...., a ``5'' instead of a ``4''). These statistics show that disagreement between an SSA and NCUA on a...

12 CFR 1263.16 - Financial condition requirement for insurance company and certain CDFI applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... condition requirement for insurance company and certain CDFI applicants. (a) Insurance companies. An insurance company applicant shall be deemed to meet the financial condition requirement of § 1263.6(a)(4) if... 12 Banks and Banking 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Financial condition requirement for insurance...

12 CFR 1263.16 - Financial condition requirement for insurance company and certain CDFI applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... condition requirement for insurance company and certain CDFI applicants. (a) Insurance companies. An insurance company applicant shall be deemed to meet the financial condition requirement of § 1263.6(a)(4) if... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Financial condition requirement for insurance...

12 CFR 1263.16 - Financial condition requirement for insurance company and certain CDFI applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... condition requirement for insurance company and certain CDFI applicants. (a) Insurance companies. An insurance company applicant shall be deemed to meet the financial condition requirement of § 1263.6(a)(4) if... 12 Banks and Banking 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Financial condition requirement for insurance...

12 CFR 1263.16 - Financial condition requirement for insurance company and certain CDFI applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... condition requirement for insurance company and certain CDFI applicants. (a) Insurance companies. An insurance company applicant shall be deemed to meet the financial condition requirement of § 1263.6(a)(4) if... 12 Banks and Banking 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Financial condition requirement for insurance...

Inequalities in financial risk protection in Bangladesh: an assessment of universal health coverage.

PubMed

Islam, Md Rashedul; Rahman, Md Shafiur; Islam, Zobida; Nurs, Cherri Zhang B; Sultana, Papia; Rahman, Md Mizanur

2017-04-04

Financial risk protection and equity are major components of universal health coverage (UHC), which is defined as ensuring access to health services for all citizens without any undue financial burden. We investigated progress towards UHC financial risk indicators and assessed variability of inequalities in financial risk protection indicators by wealth quintile. We further examined the determinants of different financial hardship indicators related to healthcare costs. A cross-sectional, three-stage probability survey was conducted in Bangladesh, which collected information from 1600 households from August to November 2011. Catastrophic health payments, impoverishment, and distress financing (borrowing or selling assets) were treated as financial hardship indicators in UHC. Poisson regression models were used to identify the determinants of catastrophic payment, impoverishment and distress financing separately. Slope, relative and concentration indices of inequalities were used to assess wealth-based inequalities in financial hardship indicators. The study found that around 9% of households incurred catastrophic payments, 7% faced distress financing, and 6% experienced impoverishing health payments in Bangladesh. Slope index of inequality indicated that the incidence of catastrophic health payment and distress financing among the richest households were 12 and 9 percentage points lower than the poorest households respectively. Multivariable Poisson regression models revealed that all UHC financial hardship indicators were significantly higher among household that had members who received inpatient care or were in the poorest quintile. The presence of a member with chronic illness in a household increased the risk of impoverishment by nearly double. This study identified a greater inequality in UHC financial hardship indicators. Rich households in Bangladesh were facing disproportionately less financial hardship than the poor ones. Households can be protected from financial hardship associated with healthcare costs by implementing risk pooling mechanism, increasing GDP spending on health, and properly monitoring subsidized programs in public health facilities.

Quantum Bohmian model for financial market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choustova, Olga Al.

2007-01-01

We apply methods of quantum mechanics for mathematical modeling of price dynamics at the financial market. The Hamiltonian formalism on the price/price-change phase space describes the classical-like evolution of prices. This classical dynamics of prices is determined by “hard” conditions (natural resources, industrial production, services and so on). These conditions are mathematically described by the classical financial potential V(q), where q=(q1,…,qn) is the vector of prices of various shares. But the information exchange and market psychology play important (and sometimes determining) role in price dynamics. We propose to describe such behavioral financial factors by using the pilot wave (Bohmian) model of quantum mechanics. The theory of financial behavioral waves takes into account the market psychology. The real trajectories of prices are determined (through the financial analogue of the second Newton law) by two financial potentials: classical-like V(q) (“hard” market conditions) and quantum-like U(q) (behavioral market conditions).

78 FR 76728 - Charitable Donation Accounts

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-19

... accepted accounting principles, must be limited to 5 percent of your net worth at all times for the... liquidation of the account, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and (D) Indicate the... FCU and reasonable given its size and financial condition.\\6\\ \\5\\ 12 CFR 701.25(a) (2011). \\6\\ Id. 12...

Asset-Based Measurement of Poverty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandolini, Andrea; Magri, Silvia; Smeeding, Timothy M.

2010-01-01

Poverty is generally defined as income or expenditure insufficiency, but the economic condition of a household also depends on its real and financial asset holdings. This paper investigates measures of poverty that rely on indicators of household net worth. We review and assess two main approaches followed in the literature: income-net worth…

Financial Health Indicators: An Analysis Of Financial Statement Information To Determine The Financial Health Of DOD Contractors

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

STATEMENT INFORMATION TO DETERMINE THE FINANCIAL HEALTH OF DOD CONTRACTORS December 2016 By: Timothy J. Grant Tony L. Ingram Darnell D...AND SUBTITLE FINANCIAL HEALTH INDICATORS: AN ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION TO DETERMINE THE FINANCIAL HEALTH OF DOD CONTRACTORS 5...government contracting officers must be able to determine the financial health of prospective contractors . In fact, according to the Federal Acquisition

Correlation and network analysis of global financial indices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Sunil; Deo, Nivedita

2012-08-01

Random matrix theory (RMT) and network methods are applied to investigate the correlation and network properties of 20 financial indices. The results are compared before and during the financial crisis of 2008. In the RMT method, the components of eigenvectors corresponding to the second largest eigenvalue form two clusters of indices in the positive and negative directions. The components of these two clusters switch in opposite directions during the crisis. The network analysis uses the Fruchterman-Reingold layout to find clusters in the network of indices at different thresholds. At a threshold of 0.6, before the crisis, financial indices corresponding to the Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific form separate clusters. On the other hand, during the crisis at the same threshold, the American and European indices combine together to form a strongly linked cluster while the Asia-Pacific indices form a separate weakly linked cluster. If the value of the threshold is further increased to 0.9 then the European indices (France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) are found to be the most tightly linked indices. The structure of the minimum spanning tree of financial indices is more starlike before the crisis and it changes to become more chainlike during the crisis. The average linkage hierarchical clustering algorithm is used to find a clearer cluster structure in the network of financial indices. The cophenetic correlation coefficients are calculated and found to increase significantly, which indicates that the hierarchy increases during the financial crisis. These results show that there is substantial change in the structure of the organization of financial indices during a financial crisis.

Correlation and network analysis of global financial indices.

PubMed

Kumar, Sunil; Deo, Nivedita

2012-08-01

Random matrix theory (RMT) and network methods are applied to investigate the correlation and network properties of 20 financial indices. The results are compared before and during the financial crisis of 2008. In the RMT method, the components of eigenvectors corresponding to the second largest eigenvalue form two clusters of indices in the positive and negative directions. The components of these two clusters switch in opposite directions during the crisis. The network analysis uses the Fruchterman-Reingold layout to find clusters in the network of indices at different thresholds. At a threshold of 0.6, before the crisis, financial indices corresponding to the Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific form separate clusters. On the other hand, during the crisis at the same threshold, the American and European indices combine together to form a strongly linked cluster while the Asia-Pacific indices form a separate weakly linked cluster. If the value of the threshold is further increased to 0.9 then the European indices (France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) are found to be the most tightly linked indices. The structure of the minimum spanning tree of financial indices is more starlike before the crisis and it changes to become more chainlike during the crisis. The average linkage hierarchical clustering algorithm is used to find a clearer cluster structure in the network of financial indices. The cophenetic correlation coefficients are calculated and found to increase significantly, which indicates that the hierarchy increases during the financial crisis. These results show that there is substantial change in the structure of the organization of financial indices during a financial crisis.

A financial network perspective of financial institutions' systemic risk contributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Wei-Qiang; Zhuang, Xin-Tian; Yao, Shuang; Uryasev, Stan

2016-08-01

This study considers the effects of the financial institutions' local topology structure in the financial network on their systemic risk contribution using data from the Chinese stock market. We first measure the systemic risk contribution with the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR) which is estimated by applying dynamic conditional correlation multivariate GARCH model (DCC-MVGARCH). Financial networks are constructed from dynamic conditional correlations (DCC) with graph filtering method of minimum spanning trees (MSTs). Then we investigate dynamics of systemic risk contributions of financial institution. Also we study dynamics of financial institution's local topology structure in the financial network. Finally, we analyze the quantitative relationships between the local topology structure and systemic risk contribution with panel data regression analysis. We find that financial institutions with greater node strength, larger node betweenness centrality, larger node closeness centrality and larger node clustering coefficient tend to be associated with larger systemic risk contributions.

Environmental quality indicators and financial development in Malaysia: unity in diversity.

PubMed

Alam, Arif; Azam, Muhammad; Abdullah, Alias Bin; Malik, Ihtisham Abdul; Khan, Anwar; Hamzah, Tengku Adeline Adura Tengku; Faridullah; Khan, Muhammad Mushtaq; Zahoor, Hina; Zaman, Khalid

2015-06-01

Environmental quality indicators are crucial for responsive and cost-effective policies. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between environmental quality indicators and financial development in Malaysia. For this purpose, the number of environmental quality indicators has been used, i.e., air pollution measured by carbon dioxide emissions, population density per square kilometer of land area, agricultural production measured by cereal production and livestock production, and energy resources considered by energy use and fossil fuel energy consumption, which placed an impact on the financial development of the country. The study used four main financial indicators, i.e., broad money supply (M2), domestic credit provided by the financial sector (DCFS), domestic credit to the private sector (DCPC), and inflation (CPI), which each financial indicator separately estimated with the environmental quality indicators, over a period of 1975-2013. The study used the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique to minimize the simultaneity from the model. The results show that carbon dioxide emissions exert the positive correlation with the M2, DCFC, and DCPC, while there is a negative correlation with the CPI. However, these results have been evaporated from the GMM estimates, where carbon emissions have no significant relationship with any of the four financial indicators in Malaysia. The GMM results show that population density has a negative relationship with the all four financial indicators; however, in case of M2, this relationship is insignificant to explain their result. Cereal production has a positive relationship with the DCPC, while there is a negative relationship with the CPI. Livestock production exerts the positive relationship with the all four financial indicators; however, this relationship with the CPI has a more elastic relationship, while the remaining relationship is less elastic with the three financial indicators in a country. Energy resources comprise energy use and fossil fuel energy consumption, both have distinct results with the financial indicators, as energy demand have a positive and significant relationship with the DCFC, DCPC, and CPI, while fossil fuel energy consumption have a negative relationship with these three financial indicators. The results of the study are of value to both environmentalists and policy makers.

The heterogeneity in financial and time burden of caregiving to children with chronic conditions.

PubMed

Zan, Hua; Scharff, Robert L

2015-03-01

We examine the financial and time burdens associated with caring for children with chronic conditions, focusing on disparities across types of conditions. Using linked data from the 2003 to 2006 National Health Interview Survey and 2004-2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we created measures of financial burden (out-of-pocket healthcare costs, the ratio of out-of-pocket healthcare costs to family income, healthcare costs paid by insurance, and total healthcare costs) and time burden (missed school time due to illness or injury and the number of doctor visits) associated with 14 groups of children's chronic conditions. We used the two-part model to assess the effect of condition on financial burden and finite mixture/latent class model to analyze the time burden of caregiving. Controlling for the influences of other socio-demographic characteristics on caregiving burden, children with chronic conditions have higher financial and time burdens relative to caregiving burdens for healthy children. Levels of financial burden and burden sharing between families and insurance system also vary by type of condition. For example, children with pervasive developmental disorder or heart disease have a relatively low financial burden for families, while imposing a high cost on the insurance system. In contrast, vision difficulties are associated with a high financial burden for families relative to the costs borne by others. With respect to time burden, conditions such as cerebral palsy and heart disease impose a low time burden, while conditions such as pervasive developmental disorder are associated with a high time burden. This study demonstrates that differences exist in caregiving burden for children by type of chronic condition. Each condition has a unique profile of time and financial cost burden for families and the insurance system. These results have implications for policymakers and for families' savings and employment decisions.

Failure factors in non-life insurance companies in United Kingdom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsudin, Humaida Banu

2013-04-01

Failure in insurance company is a condition of financial distress where a company has difficulty paying off its financial obligations to its creditors. This study continues the research from the study in identifying the determinants for run-off non-life insurance companies in United Kingdom. The analysis continues to identify other variables that could lead companies to financial distress that is macroeconomic factors (GDP rates, inflation rates and interest rates); total companies failed a year before and average size for failed companies'. The result from the analysis indicates that inflation rates, interest rates, total companies failed a year before and average sizes for failed companies are the best predictors. An early detection of failure can prevent companies from bankruptcy and allow management to take action to reduce the failure costs.

Financial Conditions: An In-Depth Look at Fiscal Troubles on Campus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scoby, Jerry L.

1993-01-01

A survey of 300 college and university business officers investigated the extent of the institutions' financial difficulties. Results reveal administrators' perceptions of the reasons for and solutions to financial problems, factors in institutional stability or strength, plans to maintain or strengthen the institution's financial condition,…

Financial Indicators in Strategic Decision Making: Recommended Practices for Financial Officers at Small Private Colleges and Universities in the Midwestern United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reissenweber, Beth

2012-01-01

This study explored whether financial leaders and institutional governing boards use financial indicators as a tool to inform decision making, solely as a compliance measurement tool, or not at all. The purpose of this qualitative study was two-fold to: (a) identify the use of financial indicators in strategic decision making, and (b) investigate…

Perceived Mortality and Perceived Morality: Perceptions of Value-Orientation Are More Likely When a Decision Is Preceded by a Mortality Reminder

PubMed Central

Nordmo, Mads; Norman, Elisabeth

2016-01-01

The questions addressed in this paper are whether and how reported mortality reminders can function as an indication of sincerity when communicating ambiguously motivated decisions. In two experiments, participants were exposed to a fictitious CEO who announced a decision to implement new organizational measures that were both environmentally and financially beneficial. In the experimental condition, the CEO attributed her new ideas to a recent mortality reminder. In the active control condition, the CEO attributed her decision to a non-lethal dentistry health scare, and in the passive control condition the CEO did not give any account of events preceding her decision. When a CEO implemented new corporate initiatives after a mortality reminder, her motivation for doing so was perceived as somewhat more motivated by intrinsic values, and significantly less motivated by financial gains. This change in attribution patterns was demonstrated to be indirectly related to a positive evaluation of the CEO, as well as an increased willingness to pay for the organization’s services. The second experiment further demonstrated that the reduced attribution to financial motivation associated with mortality awareness persisted even when the CEO in question was known for placing a high personal priority on financial goal attainment. The findings underscore the importance of perceived value-oriented motivation when communicating climate change mitigating policies, and the role of mortality awareness as one of many ways to induce such attributions. PMID:26973555

Perceived Mortality and Perceived Morality: Perceptions of Value-Orientation Are More Likely When a Decision Is Preceded by a Mortality Reminder.

PubMed

Nordmo, Mads; Norman, Elisabeth

2016-01-01

The questions addressed in this paper are whether and how reported mortality reminders can function as an indication of sincerity when communicating ambiguously motivated decisions. In two experiments, participants were exposed to a fictitious CEO who announced a decision to implement new organizational measures that were both environmentally and financially beneficial. In the experimental condition, the CEO attributed her new ideas to a recent mortality reminder. In the active control condition, the CEO attributed her decision to a non-lethal dentistry health scare, and in the passive control condition the CEO did not give any account of events preceding her decision. When a CEO implemented new corporate initiatives after a mortality reminder, her motivation for doing so was perceived as somewhat more motivated by intrinsic values, and significantly less motivated by financial gains. This change in attribution patterns was demonstrated to be indirectly related to a positive evaluation of the CEO, as well as an increased willingness to pay for the organization's services. The second experiment further demonstrated that the reduced attribution to financial motivation associated with mortality awareness persisted even when the CEO in question was known for placing a high personal priority on financial goal attainment. The findings underscore the importance of perceived value-oriented motivation when communicating climate change mitigating policies, and the role of mortality awareness as one of many ways to induce such attributions.

Internet use and decision making in community-based older adults

PubMed Central

James, Bryan D.; Boyle, Patricia A.; Yu, Lei; Bennett, David A.

2013-01-01

Use of the internet may provide tools and resources for better decision making, yet little is known about the association of internet use with decision making in older persons. We examined this relationship in 661 community-dwelling older persons without dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, an ongoing longitudinal study of aging. Participants were asked to report if they had access to the internet and how frequently they used the internet and email. A 12-item instrument was used to assess financial and healthcare decision making using materials designed to approximate those used in real world settings. Items were summed to yield a total decision making score. Associations were tested via linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and a measure of global cognitive function. Secondary models further adjusted for income, depression, loneliness, social networks, social support, chronic medical conditions, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), life space size, and health and financial literacy. Interaction terms were used to test for effect modification. Almost 70% of participants had access to the internet, and of those with access, 55% used the internet at least several times a week. Higher frequency of internet use was associated with better financial and healthcare decision making (β = 0.11, p = 0.002). The association persisted in a fully adjusted model (β = 0.08, p = 0.024). Interaction models indicated that higher frequency of internet use attenuated the relationships of older age, poorer cognitive function, and lower levels of health and financial literacy with poorer healthcare and financial decision making. These findings indicate that internet use is associated with better health and financial decision making in older persons. Future research is required to understand whether promoting the use of the internet can produce improvements in healthcare and financial decision making. PMID:24578696

12 CFR 925.16 - Financial condition requirement for insurance company applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Financial condition requirement for insurance company applicants. An insurance company applicant shall be... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial condition requirement for insurance company applicants. 925.16 Section 925.16 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOME...

49 CFR 655.82 - Compliance as a condition of financial assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... statements or misrepresentations under 18 U.S.C. 1001. (c) State's role. Each State shall certify compliance... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Compliance as a condition of financial assistance... IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS Certifying Compliance § 655.82 Compliance as a condition of financial...

Self-reported financial barriers to care among patients with cardiovascular-related chronic conditions.

PubMed

Campbell, David J T; King-Shier, Kathryn; Hemmelgarn, Brenda R; Sanmartin, Claudia; Ronksley, Paul E; Weaver, Robert G; Tonelli, Marcello; Hennessy, Deirdre; Manns, Braden J

2014-05-01

People with chronic conditions who do not achieve therapeutic targets have a higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Failure to meet these targets may be due to a variety of barriers. This article examines self-reported financial barriers to health care among people with cardiovascular-related chronic conditions. A population-based survey was administered to western Canadians with cardiovascular-related chronic conditions (n = 1,849). Associations between self-reported financial barriers and statin use, the likelihood of stopping use of prescribed medications, and emergency department visits or hospitalizations were assessed. More than 10% respondents reported general financial barriers (12%) and lack of drug insurance (14%); 4% reported financial barriers to accessing medications. Emergency department visits or hospitalizations were 70% more likely among those reporting a general financial barrier. Those reporting a financial barrier to medications were 50% less likely to take statins and three times more likely to stop using prescribed medications. Individuals without drug insurance were nearly 30% less likely to take statins. In this population, self-reported financial barriers were associated with lower medication use and increased likelihood of emergency department visits or hospitalization.

Financial burdens and barriers to care among nonelderly adults: The role of functional limitations and chronic conditions.

PubMed

Bernard, Didem; Selden, Thomas; Yeh, Susan

2016-04-01

People with functional limitations and chronic conditions account for the greatest resource use within the health care system. To examine financial burdens and barriers to care among nonelderly adults, focusing on the role of functional limitations and chronic conditions. High financial burden is defined as medical spending exceeding 20 percent of family income. Financial barriers are defined as delaying care/being unable to get care for financial reasons, and reporting that delaying care/going without was a big problem. Data are from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2008-2012). Functional limitations are associated with increased prevalence of financial burdens. Among single adults, the frequency of high burdens is 20.3% for those with functional limitations, versus 7.8% for those without. Among those with functional limitations, those with 3 or more chronic conditions are twice as likely to have high burdens compared to those without chronic conditions (22.2% versus 11.1%, respectively). Similar patterns occur among persons in multi-person families whose members have functional limitations and chronic conditions. Having functional limitations and chronic conditions is also strongly associated with financial barriers to care: 40.2% among the uninsured, 21.9% among those with public coverage, and 13.6% among those with private group insurance were unable to get care. Functional limitations and chronic conditions are associated with increased prevalence of burdens and financial barriers in all insurance categories, with the exception that an association between functional limitations and the prevalence of burdens was not observed for public coverage. Published by Elsevier Inc.

24 CFR 901.35 - Indicator #6, financial management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Indicator #6, financial management... URBAN DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC HOUSING MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM § 901.35 Indicator #6, financial management. This indicator examines the amount of cash reserves available for operations and, for PHAs...

Reduction in Force: Policy & Procedure in South Carolina School Districts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenkins, Robert E.; Woodson, Marvin C.

Starting from a survey of research literature and court cases, researchers conducted a study of South Carolina school districts' policies and procedures concerning reductions in force (RIFs). The literature review indicated some of the conditions necessitating RIFs (such as state financial problems), methods of avoiding RIFs, and criteria for RIF…

The dynamic financial distress prediction method of EBW-VSTW-SVM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jie; Li, Hui; Chang, Pei-Chann; He, Kai-Yu

2016-07-01

Financial distress prediction (FDP) takes important role in corporate financial risk management. Most of former researches in this field tried to construct effective static FDP (SFDP) models that are difficult to be embedded into enterprise information systems, because they are based on horizontal data-sets collected outside the modelling enterprise by defining the financial distress as the absolute conditions such as bankruptcy or insolvency. This paper attempts to propose an approach for dynamic evaluation and prediction of financial distress based on the entropy-based weighting (EBW), the support vector machine (SVM) and an enterprise's vertical sliding time window (VSTW). The dynamic FDP (DFDP) method is named EBW-VSTW-SVM, which keeps updating the FDP model dynamically with time goes on and only needs the historic financial data of the modelling enterprise itself and thus is easier to be embedded into enterprise information systems. The DFDP method of EBW-VSTW-SVM consists of four steps, namely evaluation of vertical relative financial distress (VRFD) based on EBW, construction of training data-set for DFDP modelling according to VSTW, training of DFDP model based on SVM and DFDP for the future time point. We carry out case studies for two listed pharmaceutical companies and experimental analysis for some other companies to simulate the sliding of enterprise vertical time window. The results indicated that the proposed approach was feasible and efficient to help managers improve corporate financial management.

Intercity passenger rail : Amtrak's financial viability continues to be threatened

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-03-12

Amtrak's financial condition is still very precarious and heavily dependent on federal operating and capital funds. We previously reported that Amtrak's financial condition had deteriorated steadily since 1990 and that Amtrak was unlikely to overcome...

Financial networks based on Granger causality: A case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papana, Angeliki; Kyrtsou, Catherine; Kugiumtzis, Dimitris; Diks, Cees

2017-09-01

Connectivity analysis is performed on a long financial record of 21 international stock indices employing a linear and a nonlinear causality measure, the conditional Granger causality index (CGCI) and the partial mutual information on mixed embedding (PMIME), respectively. Both measures aim to specify the direction of the interrelationships among the international stock indexes and portray the links of the resulting networks, by the presence of direct couplings between variables exploiting all available information. However, their differences are assessed due to the presence of nonlinearity. The weighted networks formed with respect to the causality measures are transformed to binary ones using a significance test. The financial networks are formed on sliding windows in order to examine the network characteristics and trace changes in the connectivity structure. Subsequently, two statistical network quantities are calculated; the average degree and the average shortest path length. The empirical findings reveal interesting time-varying properties of the constructed network, which are clearly dependent on the nature of the financial cycle.

The Study on Financial Supervision for Chinese Financial Industry under Mixed Operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Song

Financial mixed operation refers to that financial institution can offer all financial services (banking, securities, insurance, and trust) and engage in industrial businesses by holding the share ownership. Because of self interests, risk diversification, the change of competition condition, and clients' needs of the diversity of financial products and services, commercial banks make it possible for the mixed operation to be the optimal choice of the banking businesses under dynamic conditions in globalized competition, which results in the diversity and integration of banking businesses.

Dependence of credit spread and macro-conditions based on an alterable structure model.

PubMed

Xie, Yun; Tian, Yixiang; Xiao, Zhuang; Zhou, Xiangyun

2018-01-01

The fat-tail financial data and cyclical financial market makes it difficult for the fixed structure model based on Gaussian distribution to characterize the dynamics of corporate bonds spreads. Using a flexible structure model based on generalized error distribution, this paper focuses on the impact of macro-level factors on the spreads of corporate bonds in China. It is found that in China's corporate bonds market, macroeconomic conditions have obvious structural transformational effects on bonds spreads, and their structural features remain stable with the downgrade of bonds ratings. The impact of macroeconomic conditions on spreads is significant for different structures, and the differences between the structures increase as ratings decline. For different structures, the persistent characteristics of bonds spreads are obviously stronger than those of recursive ones, which suggest an obvious speculation in bonds market. It is also found that the structure switching of bonds with different ratings is not synchronous, which indicates the shift of investment between different grades of bonds.

Dependence of credit spread and macro-conditions based on an alterable structure model

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

The fat-tail financial data and cyclical financial market makes it difficult for the fixed structure model based on Gaussian distribution to characterize the dynamics of corporate bonds spreads. Using a flexible structure model based on generalized error distribution, this paper focuses on the impact of macro-level factors on the spreads of corporate bonds in China. It is found that in China's corporate bonds market, macroeconomic conditions have obvious structural transformational effects on bonds spreads, and their structural features remain stable with the downgrade of bonds ratings. The impact of macroeconomic conditions on spreads is significant for different structures, and the differences between the structures increase as ratings decline. For different structures, the persistent characteristics of bonds spreads are obviously stronger than those of recursive ones, which suggest an obvious speculation in bonds market. It is also found that the structure switching of bonds with different ratings is not synchronous, which indicates the shift of investment between different grades of bonds. PMID:29723295

10 CFR 625.3 - Standard sales provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... conditions of sale, and purchaser financial and performance responsibility measures, or descriptions thereof... and conditions, or financial and performance responsibility measures, shall apply to a particular sale... contractual provisions and financial and performance responsibility measures which the Notice of Sale makes...

10 CFR 625.3 - Standard sales provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... conditions of sale, and purchaser financial and performance responsibility measures, or descriptions thereof... and conditions, or financial and performance responsibility measures, shall apply to a particular sale... contractual provisions and financial and performance responsibility measures which the Notice of Sale makes...

Cohesiveness in Financial News and its Relation to Market Volatility

PubMed Central

Piškorec, Matija; Antulov-Fantulin, Nino; Novak, Petra Kralj; Mozetič, Igor; Grčar, Miha; Vodenska, Irena; Šmuc, Tomislav

2014-01-01

Motivated by recent financial crises, significant research efforts have been put into studying contagion effects and herding behaviour in financial markets. Much less has been said regarding the influence of financial news on financial markets. We propose a novel measure of collective behaviour based on financial news on the Web, the News Cohesiveness Index (NCI), and we demonstrate that the index can be used as a financial market volatility indicator. We evaluate the NCI using financial documents from large Web news sources on a daily basis from October 2011 to July 2013 and analyse the interplay between financial markets and finance-related news. We hypothesise that strong cohesion in financial news reflects movements in the financial markets. Our results indicate that cohesiveness in financial news is highly correlated with and driven by volatility in financial markets. PMID:24849598

A lack of response of the financial behaviors of biodiversity conservation nonprofits to changing economic conditions.

PubMed

Larson, Eric R; Boyer, Alison G; Armsworth, Paul R

2014-12-01

The effectiveness of conservation organizations is determined in part by how they adapt to changing conditions. Over the previous decade, economic conditions in the United States (US) showed marked variation including a period of rapid growth followed by a major recession. We examine how biodiversity conservation nonprofits in the US responded to these changes through their financial behaviors, focusing on a sample of 90 biodiversity conservation nonprofits and the largest individual organization (The Nature Conservancy; TNC). For the 90 sampled organizations, an analysis of financial ratios derived from tax return data revealed little response to economic conditions. Similarly, more detailed examination of conservation expenditures and land acquisition practices of TNC revealed only one significant relationship with economic conditions: TNC accepted a greater proportion of conservation easements as donated in more difficult economic conditions. Our results suggest that the financial behaviors of US biodiversity conservation nonprofits are unresponsive to economic conditions.

12 CFR 206.3 - Prudential standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... condition of the correspondent and shall take into account any deterioration in the correspondent's financial condition. Factors bearing on the financial condition of the correspondent include the capital... relation to the condition of the correspondent. (b) Standards for selecting correspondents. (1) A bank...

12 CFR 206.3 - Prudential standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... condition of the correspondent and shall take into account any deterioration in the correspondent's financial condition. Factors bearing on the financial condition of the correspondent include the capital... relation to the condition of the correspondent. (b) Standards for selecting correspondents. (1) A bank...

12 CFR 206.3 - Prudential standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... condition of the correspondent and shall take into account any deterioration in the correspondent's financial condition. Factors bearing on the financial condition of the correspondent include the capital... relation to the condition of the correspondent. (b) Standards for selecting correspondents. (1) A bank...

12 CFR 206.3 - Prudential standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... condition of the correspondent and shall take into account any deterioration in the correspondent's financial condition. Factors bearing on the financial condition of the correspondent include the capital... relation to the condition of the correspondent. (b) Standards for selecting correspondents. (1) A bank...

Is CO2 emission a side effect of financial development? An empirical analysis for China.

PubMed

Hao, Yu; Zhang, Zong-Yong; Liao, Hua; Wei, Yi-Ming; Wang, Shuo

2016-10-01

Based on panel data for 29 Chinese provinces from 1995 to 2012, this paper explores the relationship between financial development and environmental quality in China. A comprehensive framework is utilized to estimate both the direct and indirect effects of financial development on CO 2 emissions in China using a carefully designed two-stage regression model. The first-difference and orthogonal-deviation Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) methods are used to control for potential endogeneity and introduce dynamics. To ensure the robustness of the estimations, two indicators measuring financial development-financial depth and financial efficiency-are used. The empirical results indicate that the direct effects of financial depth and financial efficiency on environmental quality are positive and negative, respectively. The indirect effects of both indicators are U shaped and dominate the shape of the total effects. These findings suggest that the influences of the financial development on environment depend on the level of economic development. At the early stage of economic growth, financial development is environmentally friendly. When the economy is highly developed, a higher level of financial development is harmful to the environmental quality.

7 CFR 1700.33 - Financial Services Staff.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Financial Services Staff. 1700.33 Section 1700.33... AGRICULTURE GENERAL INFORMATION Agency Organization and Functions § 1700.33 Financial Services Staff. The Financial Services Staff evaluates the financial condition of financially troubled borrowers in order to...

7 CFR 1700.33 - Financial Services Staff.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Financial Services Staff. 1700.33 Section 1700.33... AGRICULTURE GENERAL INFORMATION Agency Organization and Functions § 1700.33 Financial Services Staff. The Financial Services Staff evaluates the financial condition of financially troubled borrowers in order to...

7 CFR 1700.33 - Financial Services Staff.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Financial Services Staff. 1700.33 Section 1700.33... AGRICULTURE GENERAL INFORMATION Agency Organization and Functions § 1700.33 Financial Services Staff. The Financial Services Staff evaluates the financial condition of financially troubled borrowers in order to...

7 CFR 1700.33 - Financial Services Staff.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Financial Services Staff. 1700.33 Section 1700.33... AGRICULTURE GENERAL INFORMATION Agency Organization and Functions § 1700.33 Financial Services Staff. The Financial Services Staff evaluates the financial condition of financially troubled borrowers in order to...

7 CFR 1700.33 - Financial Services Staff.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial Services Staff. 1700.33 Section 1700.33... AGRICULTURE GENERAL INFORMATION Agency Organization and Functions § 1700.33 Financial Services Staff. The Financial Services Staff evaluates the financial condition of financially troubled borrowers in order to...

75 FR 8771 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Order Approving...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-25

... information relative to such member's financial condition as disclosed in its most recent balance sheet... an alternative means of satisfying the requirement that members make balance sheet information... financial condition as disclosed in its most recent balance sheet * * *.'' FINRA proposed providing members...

17 CFR 229.301 - (Item 301) Selected financial data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... significant trends in the registrant's financial condition and results of operations. 2. Subject to appropriate variation to conform to the nature of the registrant's business, the following items shall be... of and would highlight other trends in their financial condition and results of operations. Briefly...

Making the Case for Using Financial Indicators in Local Public Health Agencies

PubMed Central

Suarez, Virginia; Denison, Dwight

2011-01-01

The strength of the public health infrastructure determines the ability of local public health agencies to respond to emergencies and provide essential services. Organizational and systems capacity measures and assessments are important components of the public health infrastructure. Hospitals and governments have a long tradition of using financial indicators to assess fiscal and operational activities. We reviewed the literature on how hospitals use financial indicators to monitor financial risk, promote organizational sustainability, and improve organizational capacity. Given that financial indicators have not generally been employed by public health practitioners, we discuss how these measures can be applied to local public health agencies to improve their organizational capacity. PMID:21233438

Costa Rican environmental service payments: The use of a financial instrument in participatory forest management.

PubMed

Miranda, Miriam; Dieperink, Carel; Glasbergen, Pieter

2006-10-01

The core element of the Costa Rican forestry policy is a financial instrument called the environmental service payment. This instrument rewards forest owners for the environmental services (the mitigation of greenhouse gases, the protection of watersheds and scenic beauty, and the development of biodiversity) their forests provide. In this article, the experiences with this new instrument are analyzed by focusing on the way interests are represented and access is granted, the openness of information exchange, whether social learning occurred, and whether decision-making authority is shared. The analysis is based on a survey conducted in the Huetar Norte Region and on in-depth interviews with the major stakeholders. The Costa Rican case indicates that financial instruments can be used to share responsibilities and that stakeholders can successfully cooperate on forest issues. It also shows that such a participatory approach is only promising if certain cultural, economic, organizational, and political conditions are met.

76 FR 10047 - Changes to the Public Housing Assessment System (PHAS): Financial Condition Scoring Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-23

... the Compliance and Other Matters Noted in internal control deficiency an Audit of the Financial... program major federal requirements (regardless of cause). Internal Controls and Compliance: 1. Control... Housing Assessment System (PHAS): Financial Condition Scoring Notice AGENCY: Office of the Assistant...

12 CFR 1231.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to improve the financial condition of the regulated entity or is subject to a proceeding initiated by... financial condition of the regulated entity, unless otherwise informed in writing by the FHFA; or (2) Is... Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.), as amended by the Federal...

Role of respondents' education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing.

PubMed

Sheikh, Mashhood Ahmed; Abelsen, Birgit; Olsen, Jan Abel

2014-11-18

Most research assessing the effect of childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) on health in adulthood has focused on cause-specific mortality. Low CSES is associated with mortality from coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases in adulthood. But little evidence is available on the unique effect of different indicators of CSES on subjective measures of health and wellbeing in adulthood. Cross-sectional data from the last wave of The Tromsø Study (n = 12,984) was used to assess the unique effect of three indicators of CSES (childhood financial conditions, mothers' education and fathers' education) on a range of subjective health measures: EQ-5D health dimensions, self-rated health, age-comparative self-rated health, as well as subjective wellbeing. Data was analyzed with the Paramed command in Stata. Log-linear regression was used for the subjective measures of health and wellbeing to estimate the natural direct effects (NDE's), natural indirect effects (NIE's), controlled direct effects (CDE's) and marginal total effects (MTE's) as risk ratios (RRs). Low childhood financial conditions were associated with lower health and wellbeing in adulthood, independently of respondents' education. Among men, Low childhood financial conditions increased the risk (NDE) of being unhealthy on the composite EQ-5D by 22% (RR 1.22, 95% 1.14-1.31) and on subjective wellbeing by 24% (RR 1.24, 95% 1.18-1.30), while for women the risk increased by 16% (RR 1.16, 95% 1.10-1.23) and 26% (RR 1.26, 95% 1.19-1.33), respectively. Among men, the NDE of low mothers' education on age-comparative self-rated health increased by 9% (RR 1.09, 95% 1.01-1.16), while the NIE increased the risk by 3% (RR 1.03, 95% 1.01-1.04). The NDE of low mothers' education increased the risk on anxiety/depression among women by 38% (RR 1.38, 95% 1.13-1.69), whereas the NIE increased the risk by 5% (RR 1.05, 95% 1.02-1.08). Childhood financial conditions have a unique direct effect on a wide range of health and wellbeing measures. These findings apply to both men and women. Generally, parental education has an indirect effect on later health, but mothers' education may also have a long-term direct effect on later health.

Getting Through College With a Disability; A Summary of Services Available on 500 Campuses for Students With Handicapping Conditions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, Washington, DC.

This guide to college selection for the physically handicapped student summarizes information on the services and policies of 500 two- and four-year colleges. As to each college, it indicates if there are student organizations, offices, financial aid services, or career development services specifically designed for handicapped students, and if…

26 CFR 301.6159-1 - Agreements for payment of tax liabilities in installments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... must provide, a financial condition update at any time. (vi) At any time after entering into an... the installment agreement or a request for a financial update was inaccurate or incomplete in any... financial condition update requested by the Commissioner. (3) Request by taxpayer. Upon request by a...

26 CFR 301.6159-1 - Agreements for payment of tax liabilities in installments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... must provide, a financial condition update at any time. (vi) At any time after entering into an... the installment agreement or a request for a financial update was inaccurate or incomplete in any... financial condition update requested by the Commissioner. (3) Request by taxpayer. Upon request by a...

26 CFR 301.6159-1 - Agreements for payment of tax liabilities in installments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... must provide, a financial condition update at any time. (vi) At any time after entering into an... the installment agreement or a request for a financial update was inaccurate or incomplete in any... financial condition update requested by the Commissioner. (3) Request by taxpayer. Upon request by a...

26 CFR 301.6159-1 - Agreements for payment of tax liabilities in installments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... must provide, a financial condition update at any time. (vi) At any time after entering into an... the installment agreement or a request for a financial update was inaccurate or incomplete in any... financial condition update requested by the Commissioner. (3) Request by taxpayer. Upon request by a...

Financial Condition and Tuition in Private Nonprofit Baccalaureate Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peruso, Dominick F., Jr.

2012-01-01

The rate of tuition inflation at U.S. colleges and universities is alarming and threatens both access and choice. Private nonprofit baccalaureate colleges often possess the highest tuition rates but routinely face financial challenges. This study was designed to better understand the relationship between tuition and financial condition for the…

A lack of response of the financial behaviors of biodiversity conservation nonprofits to changing economic conditions

PubMed Central

Larson, Eric R; Boyer, Alison G; Armsworth, Paul R

2014-01-01

The effectiveness of conservation organizations is determined in part by how they adapt to changing conditions. Over the previous decade, economic conditions in the United States (US) showed marked variation including a period of rapid growth followed by a major recession. We examine how biodiversity conservation nonprofits in the US responded to these changes through their financial behaviors, focusing on a sample of 90 biodiversity conservation nonprofits and the largest individual organization (The Nature Conservancy; TNC). For the 90 sampled organizations, an analysis of financial ratios derived from tax return data revealed little response to economic conditions. Similarly, more detailed examination of conservation expenditures and land acquisition practices of TNC revealed only one significant relationship with economic conditions: TNC accepted a greater proportion of conservation easements as donated in more difficult economic conditions. Our results suggest that the financial behaviors of US biodiversity conservation nonprofits are unresponsive to economic conditions. PMID:25512840

Comparing Types of Financial Incentives to Promote Walking: An Experimental Test.

PubMed

Burns, Rachel J; Rothman, Alexander J

2018-04-19

Offering people financial incentives to increase their physical activity is an increasingly prevalent intervention strategy. However, little is known about the relative effectiveness of different types of incentives. This study tested whether incentives based on specified reinforcement types and schedules differentially affected the likelihood of meeting a walking goal and explored if observed behavioural changes may have been attributable to the perceived value of the incentive. A 2 (reinforcement type: cash reward, deposit contract) × 2 (schedule: fixed, variable) between-subjects experiment with a hanging control condition was conducted over 8 weeks (n = 153). Although walking was greater in the incentive conditions relative to the control condition, walking did not differ across incentive conditions. Exploratory analyses indicated that the perceived value of the incentive was associated with the likelihood of meeting the walking goal, but was not affected by reinforcement type or schedule. The reinforcement type and schedule manipulations tested in this study did not differentially affect walking. Given that walking behaviour was associated with perceived value, designing incentive strategies that optimise the perceived value of the incentive may be a promising avenue for future research. © 2018 The International Association of Applied Psychology.

1970's Trends in Cost and Revenue Factors as Financial Health Indicators. Report No. 77-28.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larkin, Paul G.

In order to develop a set of financial indicators useful for identifying long range trends in costs and revenues, this report reviews factors affecting financial health at Prince George's Community College (PGCC) from 1970 through 1976. In a three-part analysis, the author discusses (1) the measurement of financial well-being, (2) the indicators…

Hospital admissions and emergency department presentations for dental conditions indicate access to hospital, rather than poor access to dental health care in the community.

PubMed

Yap, Matthew; Kok, Mei-Ruu; Nanda, Soniya; Vickery, Alistair; Whyatt, David

2018-03-01

High rates of dental-related potentially preventable hospitalisations are thought to reflect poor access to non-hospital dental services. The association between accessibility (geographic and financial) to non-hospital dentists and potentially preventable hospitalisations was examined in Western Australia. Areas with persistently high rates of dental-related potentially preventable hospitalisations and emergency department (ED) presentations were mapped. Statistical models examined factors associated with these events. Persistently high rates of dental-related potentially preventable hospitalisations were clustered in metropolitan areas that were socioeconomically advantaged and had more dentists per capita (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.08) after adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomics, and Aboriginality. Persistently high rates of ED presentations were clustered in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas near metropolitan EDs and with fewer dentists per capita (RR 0.91, 0.88-0.94). A positive association between dental-related potentially preventable hospitalisations and poor (financial or geographic) access to dentists was not found. Rather, rates of such events were positively associated with socioeconomic advantage, plus greater access to hospitals and non-hospital dental services. Furthermore, ED presentations for dental conditions are inappropriate indicators of poor access to non-hospital dental services because of their relationship with hospital proximity. Health service planners and policymakers should pursue alternative indicators of dental service accessibility.

17 CFR 229.303 - (Item 303) Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false (Item 303) Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations. 229.303 Section 229.303 Commodity... 1975-REGULATION S-K Financial Information § 229.303 (Item 303) Management's discussion and analysis of...

12 CFR 360.6 - Treatment of financial assets transferred in connection with a securitization or participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... documents shall require that the sponsor separately identify in its financial asset data bases the financial... isolation” condition that is addressed by this section. The foregoing paragraph shall apply to a last-in... isolation” condition that is addressed by this section. (2) Transition period safe harbor. With respect to...

Managing water utility financial risks through third-party index insurance contracts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeff, Harrison B.; Characklis, Gregory W.

2013-08-01

As developing new supply capacity has become increasingly expensive and difficult to permit (i.e., regulatory approval), utilities have become more reliant on temporary demand management programs, such as outdoor water use restrictions, for ensuring reliability during drought. However, a significant fraction of water utility income is often derived from the volumetric sale of water, and such restrictions can lead to substantial revenue losses. Given that many utilities set prices at levels commensurate with recovering costs, these revenue losses can leave them financially vulnerable to budgetary shortfalls. This work explores approaches for mitigating drought-related revenue losses through the use of third-party financial insurance contracts based on streamflow indices. Two different types of contracts are developed, and their efficacy is compared against two more traditional forms of financial hedging used by water utilities: Drought surcharges and contingency funds (i.e., self-insurance). Strategies involving each of these approaches, as well as their use in combination, are applied under conditions facing the water utility serving Durham, North Carolina. A multireservoir model provides information on the scale and timing of droughts, and the financial effects of these events are simulated using detailed data derived from utility billing records. Results suggest that third-party index insurance contracts, either independently or in combination with more traditional hedging tools, can provide an effective means of reducing a utility's financial vulnerability to drought.

New Economic and Financial Indicators of Sustainability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pittman, James; Wilhelm, Kevin

2007-01-01

Financial accounting methods fall short of fully accounting for the relative sustainability of college and university operations. Management of social, environmental, and economic performance will be aided by changes to and new developments in financial accounting practices to complement other indicators of sustainability.

Investigating financial incentives for maternal health: an introduction.

PubMed

Stanton, Mary Ellen; Higgs, Elizabeth S; Koblinsky, Marge

2013-12-01

Projection of current trends in maternal and neonatal mortality reduction shows that many countries will fall short of the UN Millennium Development Goal 4 and 5. Underutilization of maternal health services contributes to this poor progress toward reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the quality of services continues to lag in many countries, with a negative effect on the health of women and their babies, including deterring women from seeking care. To enhance the use and provision of quality maternal care, countries and donors are increasingly using financial incentives. This paper introduces the JHPN Supplement, in which each paper reviews the evidence of the effectiveness of a specific financial incentive instrument with the aim of improving the use and quality of maternal healthcare and impact. The US Agency for International Development and the US National Institutes of Health convened a US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives on 24-25 April 2012 in Washington, DC. The Summit brought together leading global experts in finance, maternal health, and health systems from governments, academia, development organizations, and foundations to assess the evidence on whether financial incentives significantly and substantially increase provision, use and quality of maternal health services, and the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of these incentives. Evidence review teams evaluated the multidisciplinary evidence of various financial mechanisms, including supply-side incentives (e.g. performance-based financing, user fees, and various insurance mechanisms) and demand-side incentives (e.g. conditional cash transfers, vouchers, user fee exemptions, and subsidies for care-seeking). At the Summit, the teams presented a synthesis of evidence and initial recommendations on practice, policy, and research for discussion. The Summit enabled structured feedback on recommendations which the teams included in their final papers appearing in this Supplement. Papers in this Supplement review the evidence for a specific financial incentive mechanism (e.g. pay for performance, conditional cash transfer) to improve the use and quality of maternal healthcare and makes recommendations for programmes and future research. While data on programmes using financial incentives for improved use and indications of the quality of maternal health services support specific conclusions and recommendations, including those for future research, data linking the use of financial incentives with improved health outcomes are minimal.

12 CFR 621.14 - Certification of correctness.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REQUIREMENTS Report of Condition and Performance § 621.14 Certification of correctness. Each report of financial condition and performance filed with the Farm Credit Administration shall be certified as having... accurate representation of the financial condition and performance of the institution to which it applies...

42 CFR 441.256 - Additional condition for Federal financial participation (FFP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... LIMITS APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC SERVICES Sterilizations § 441.256 Additional condition for Federal financial participation (FFP). (a) FFP is not available in expenditures for any sterilization or...

The internalist perspective on inevitable arbitrage in financial markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuno, Koichiro

2003-06-01

Arbitrage as an inevitable component of financial markets is due to the robust interplay between the continuous and the discontinuous stochastic variables appearing in the underlying dynamics. We present empirical evidence of such an arbitrage through the laboratory experiment on a portfolio management in the Japan-United States financial markets over the last several years, under the condition that the asset allocation was updated every day over the entire period. The portfolio management addressing the foreign exchange, the stock, and the bond markets was accomplished as referring to and processing only those empirical data that have been complied by and made available from the monetary authorities and the relevant financial markets so far. The averaged annual yield of the portfolio counted in the denomination of US currency was slightly greater than the averaged yield of the same physical assets counted in the denomination of Japanese currency, indicating the occurrence of arbitrage pricing in the financial markets. Daily update of asset allocation was conducted as referring to the predictive movement internal to the dynamics such that monetary flow variables, that are discontinuously stochastic upon the act of measurement internal to the markets, generate monetary stock variables that turn out to be both continuously stochastic and robust in the effect.

Association of Smoking Cessation With Financial Stress and Material Well-Being: Results From a Prospective Study of a Population-Based National Survey

PubMed Central

Siahpush, Mohammad; Spittal, Matt; Singh, Gopal K

2007-01-01

Objectives. We used 4 waves of prospective data to examine the association of smoking cessation with financial stress and material well-being. Methods. Data (n = 5699 at baseline) came from 4 consecutive waves (2001–2005) of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. We used mixed models to examine the participant-specific association of smoking cessation with financial stress and material well-being. Results. On average, a smoker who quits is expected to have a 25% reduction (P<.001; odds ratio [OR]=0.75; 95% confidence interaval [CI]=0.69, 0.81) in the odds of financial stress. Similarly, the data provided strong evidence (P<.001) that a smoker who quits is likely to experience an enhanced level of material well-being. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that interventions to encourage smoking cessation are likely to improve standards of living and reduce deprivation. The findings provide grounds for encouraging the social services sector to incorporate smoking cessation efforts into their programs to enhance the material or financial conditions of disadvantaged groups. The findings also provide additional incentives for smokers to stop smoking and as such can be used in antismoking campaigns and by smoking cessation services. PMID:17971550

The effect of the global financial crisis on preventable hospitalizations among the homeless in New York State.

PubMed

White, Brandi; Ellis, Charles; Jones, Walter; Moran, William; Simpson, Kit

2018-04-01

Objective Periods of economic instability may increase preventable hospitalizations because of increased barriers to accessing primary care. For underserved populations such as the homeless, these barriers may be more pronounced due to limited resources in the health care safety net. This study examined the impact of the global financial crisis of 2007-2008 on access to care for the homeless in New York State. Methods Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) were used as a proxy measure for primary care access. Admissions for ACSCs were identified in the New York State Inpatient Database from 2006 to 2012. Hospitalization rates for ACSCs were calculated for the homeless and nonhomeless. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the impact of the financial crisis on hospitalization rates for ACSCs. Results The findings indicate that during the financial crisis, homeless adults had significantly higher preventable hospitalizations than nonhomeless adults, and the uninsured homeless had significantly higher preventable hospitalizations when compared to other homeless subgroups. After the financial crisis, preventable hospitalizations for the homeless stabilized but remained at higher rates than those for the nonhomeless. Conclusions These findings are important to developing health policies designed to provide effective care for underserved population such as the homeless.

Update Study of the Financial Condition of Independent Higher Education in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Commission for Independent Colleges and Universities, Harrisburg, PA.

A study completed in Winter 1971 report on the financial condition of institutions affiliated with the Commission for Independent Colleges and Universities (CICU). Its analysis showed a steady deterioration of financial operating results from a positive $10 million to a negative $1 million. The purpose of the present study was to: (1) measure the…

Managing risk in a challenging financial environment.

PubMed

Kaufman, Kenneth

2008-08-01

Five strategies can help hospital financial leaders balance their organizations' financial and risk positions: Understand the hospital's financial condition; Determine the desired level of risk; Consider total risk; Use a portfolio approach; Explore best-case/worst-case scenarios to measure risk.

17 CFR 210.4-03 - Inapplicable captions and omission of unrequired or inapplicable financial statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... omission of unrequired or inapplicable financial statements. 210.4-03 Section 210.4-03 Commodity and... unrequired or inapplicable financial statements. (a) No caption should be shown in any financial statement as to which the items and conditions are not present. (b) Financial statements not required or...

Models for financial crisis detection in Indonesia based on M1, M2 per foreign exchange reverse, and M2 multiplier indicators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugiyanto; Zukhronah, Etik; Pratiwi, Esteti Sophia

2017-12-01

Indonesia has been hit by financial crisis in the middle of 1997. The financial crisis that has occurred gives a severe impact to the economy of Indonesia resulting the needs for a detection system of financial crisis. Crisis can be detected based on several indicators such as M1, M2 per foreign exchange reserves, and M2 multiplier. These three indicators can affect the exchange rate stability and may further affect the financial stability so that it can be one of the causes of the financial crisis. This research aims to determine the appropriate model that can detect the financial crisis in Indonesia. Markov switching is an alternative model that can be approach and used often for detecting financial crisis. We can determine the combination of volatility and Markov switching model with AR and volatility model are determined first. The results of this research are that M1 can be modelled by SWARCH (3, 1) while M2 per foreign research exchange reserves and M2 multiplier can be modelled by SWARCH(3,2).

The decision process used for hospital bond rating--and its implications.

PubMed Central

Cleverley, W O; Nutt, P C

1984-01-01

Investigation of the process of hospital bond rating related the ratings assigned by Moody's and Standard and Poors to indicators of hospital financial condition (such as debt per bed and peak debt coverage), institutional factors (including size, occupancy, and local market competition), indenture provisions (such as reserves), and contextual factors. The criteria used by Moody's and Standard and Poors to rate hospital bonds were revealed to be similar, but not identical. Criteria used in the bond rating process have several important implications: the rating approach provides strong financial incentives for increases in hospital size and complexity, for example, and hospitals that rely on extensive amounts of public financing appear to be penalized in the rating process. PMID:6500959

7 CFR 3430.56 - Financial reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial reporting. 3430.56 Section 3430.56... reporting. (a) SF-269, Financial Status Report. Unless stated differently in the award terms and conditions... requirement. (f) Additional reporting requirements. CSREES may require additional financial reporting...

Financial states of world financial and commodities markets around sovereign debt crisis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nobi, Ashadun; Lee, Jae Woo

2017-11-01

We applied a threshold method to construct a complex network from cross-correlations coefficients of 46 daily time series comprised of 23 global indices and 23 commodity futures from 2010 - 2014. We identify financial states of both global indices and commodity futures based on the change of the network structure. The trend of the average correlation is decreasing except sharp peak during crises during the study period. The threshold networks are generated at a threshold value of θ = 0.1 and the change of degrees of each node over time is used to identify the financial state for each index. We observe that commodity futures, such as EU CO2 emission, live cattle, natural gas as well as the financial indices of Jakarta and Indonesia stock exchange (JKSE) and Kuala Lumpur stock exchange (KLSE) change states frequently. By the average change in links we identify the indices which are more reactive to crises.

Random matrix theory and cross-correlations in global financial indices and local stock market indices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nobi, Ashadun; Maeng, Seong Eun; Ha, Gyeong Gyun; Lee, Jae Woo

2013-02-01

We analyzed cross-correlations between price fluctuations of global financial indices (20 daily stock indices over the world) and local indices (daily indices of 200 companies in the Korean stock market) by using random matrix theory (RMT). We compared eigenvalues and components of the largest and the second largest eigenvectors of the cross-correlation matrix before, during, and after the global financial the crisis in the year 2008. We find that the majority of its eigenvalues fall within the RMT bounds [ λ -, λ +], where λ - and λ + are the lower and the upper bounds of the eigenvalues of random correlation matrices. The components of the eigenvectors for the largest positive eigenvalues indicate the identical financial market mode dominating the global and local indices. On the other hand, the components of the eigenvector corresponding to the second largest eigenvalue are positive and negative values alternatively. The components before the crisis change sign during the crisis, and those during the crisis change sign after the crisis. The largest inverse participation ratio (IPR) corresponding to the smallest eigenvector is higher after the crisis than during any other periods in the global and local indices. During the global financial the crisis, the correlations among the global indices and among the local stock indices are perturbed significantly. However, the correlations between indices quickly recover the trends before the crisis.

Hospital financial condition and the quality of patient care.

PubMed

Bazzoli, Gloria J; Chen, Hsueh-Fen; Zhao, Mei; Lindrooth, Richard C

2008-08-01

Concerns about deficiencies in the quality of care delivered in US hospitals grew during a time period when an increasing number of hospitals were experiencing financial problems. Our study examines a six-year longitudinal database of general acute care hospitals in 11 states to assess the relationship between hospital financial condition and quality of care. We evaluate two measures of financial performance: operating margin and a broader profitability measure that encompasses both operating and non-operating sources of income. Our model specification allows for gradual adjustments in quality-enhancing activities and recognizes that current realizations of patient quality may affect future financial performance. Empirical results suggest that there is a relationship between financial performance and quality of care, but not as strong as suggested in earlier research. Overall, our results suggest that deep financial problems that go beyond the patient care side of business may be important to prompting quality problems. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Financial Mechanism for the Implementation of Strategic and Operational Financial Decisions of Modern Enterprises

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nikeriasova, Veronika V.; Ordov, Konstantin V.; Khvostenko, Oleg A.

2016-01-01

In modern conditions of world depression, it is urgent for increasing the efficiency of the financial mechanism. Company's future depends on the correct choice of the financial mechanism strategy. The article deals with the issues of improving the financial mechanism of enterprises in the implementation of strategic and operational financial…

Financial socialization of first-year college students: the roles of parents, work, and education.

PubMed

Shim, Soyeon; Barber, Bonnie L; Card, Noel A; Xiao, Jing Jian; Serido, Joyce

2010-12-01

This cross-sectional study tests a conceptual financial socialization process model, specifying four-levels that connect anticipatory socialization during adolescence to young adults' current financial learning, to their financial attitudes, and to their financial behavior. A total of 2,098 first-year college students (61.9% females) participated in the survey, representing a diverse ethnic group (32.6% minority participation: Hispanic 14.9%, Asian/Asian American 9%, Black 3.4%, Native American 1.8% and other 3.5%). Structural equation modeling indicated that parents, work, and high school financial education during adolescence predicted young adults' current financial learning, attitude and behavior, with the role played by parents substantially greater than the role played by work experience and high school financial education combined. Data also supported the proposed hierarchical financial socialization four-level model, indicating that early financial socialization is related to financial learning, which in turn is related to financial attitudes and subsequently to financial behavior. The study presents a discussion of how the theories of consumer socialization and planned behavior were combined effectively to depict the financial development of young adults. Several practical implications are also provided for parents, educators and students.

12 CFR 390.461 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and upon a new, bona fide credit analysis utilizing current information on financial condition and... means a financial institution that engages in the business of banking; that is recognized as a bank by.... Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims...

12 CFR 390.461 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... and upon a new, bona fide credit analysis utilizing current information on financial condition and... means a financial institution that engages in the business of banking; that is recognized as a bank by.... Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims...

12 CFR 390.461 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and upon a new, bona fide credit analysis utilizing current information on financial condition and... means a financial institution that engages in the business of banking; that is recognized as a bank by.... Direct credit substitutes include: (1) Financial standby letters of credit that support financial claims...

12 CFR 1263.15 - Recent merger or acquisition applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... section. (a) Financial condition requirement—(1) Regulatory financial reports. For purposes of § 1263.11(a... its application for membership, has not yet filed regulatory financial reports with its appropriate... regulatory financial reports that the applicant has filed with its appropriate regulator. (2) Performance...

12 CFR 1263.15 - Recent merger or acquisition applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... section. (a) Financial condition requirement—(1) Regulatory financial reports. For purposes of § 1263.11(a... its application for membership, has not yet filed regulatory financial reports with its appropriate... regulatory financial reports that the applicant has filed with its appropriate regulator. (2) Performance...

12 CFR 1263.15 - Recent merger or acquisition applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... section. (a) Financial condition requirement—(1) Regulatory financial reports. For purposes of § 1263.11(a... its application for membership, has not yet filed regulatory financial reports with its appropriate... regulatory financial reports that the applicant has filed with its appropriate regulator. (2) Performance...

12 CFR 1263.15 - Recent merger or acquisition applicants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... section. (a) Financial condition requirement—(1) Regulatory financial reports. For purposes of § 1263.11(a... its application for membership, has not yet filed regulatory financial reports with its appropriate... regulatory financial reports that the applicant has filed with its appropriate regulator. (2) Performance...

76 FR 8848 - Proposed Information Collection (Financial Statement); Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-15

... (Financial Statement); Comment Request AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department of Veterans... use of other forms of information technology. Title: Financial Statement, VA Form 26-6807. OMB Control... creditworthiness requirements. The data is also used to determine a borrower's financial condition in connection...

Parental Financial Support and the Financial and Family Problems of College Freshmen

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnett, Nancy Hubbell

1975-01-01

Freshmen completed the Mooney Problem Check List and reported how much financial support their parents provided. The relationship between parents' support and finances, living conditions, and employment problems was highly significant, with women reporting more financial problems than men. (Author)

Be Vigilant on Financial Statements.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freed, DeBow

2002-01-01

Highlights areas on university's financial statements that warrant careful review by trustees and suggests ways they can check to see whether an institution's financial statements are clear and valid indicators of its financial status. (EV)

Financial Analysis of National University Hospitals in Korea.

PubMed

Lee, Munjae

2015-10-01

This paper provides information for decision making of the managers and the staff of national university hospitals. In order to conduct a financial analysis of national university hospitals, this study uses reports on the final accounts of 10 university hospitals from 2008 to 2011. The results of comparing 2008 and 2011 showed that there was a general decrease in total assets, an increase in liabilities, and a decrease in total medical revenues, with a continuous deficit in many hospitals. Moreover, as national university hospitals have low debt dependence, their management conditions generally seem satisfactory. However, some individual hospitals suffer severe financial difficulties and thus depend on short-term debts, which generally aggravate the profit and loss structure. Various indicators show that the financial state and business performance of national university hospitals have been deteriorating. These research findings will be used as important basic data for managers who make direct decisions in this uncertain business environment or by researchers who analyze the medical industry to enable informed decision-making and optimized execution. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to raising government awareness of the need to foster and support the national university hospital industry.

Financial Analysis of National University Hospitals in Korea

PubMed Central

Lee, Munjae

2015-01-01

Objectives This paper provides information for decision making of the managers and the staff of national university hospitals. Methods In order to conduct a financial analysis of national university hospitals, this study uses reports on the final accounts of 10 university hospitals from 2008 to 2011. Results The results of comparing 2008 and 2011 showed that there was a general decrease in total assets, an increase in liabilities, and a decrease in total medical revenues, with a continuous deficit in many hospitals. Moreover, as national university hospitals have low debt dependence, their management conditions generally seem satisfactory. However, some individual hospitals suffer severe financial difficulties and thus depend on short-term debts, which generally aggravate the profit and loss structure. Various indicators show that the financial state and business performance of national university hospitals have been deteriorating. Conclusion These research findings will be used as important basic data for managers who make direct decisions in this uncertain business environment or by researchers who analyze the medical industry to enable informed decision-making and optimized execution. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to raising government awareness of the need to foster and support the national university hospital industry. PMID:26730356

24 CFR 902.35 - Financial condition scoring and thresholds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Financial Condition Scoring Process that is currently in effect can be found at the REAC Internet site at... toll free number). (2) PHAs with fiscal years ending on or before June 30, 2000, will receive an...

Research on energy stock market associated network structure based on financial indicators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xi, Xian; An, Haizhong

2018-01-01

A financial market is a complex system consisting of many interacting units. In general, due to the various types of information exchange within the industry, there is a relationship between the stocks that can reveal their clear structural characteristics. Complex network methods are powerful tools for studying the internal structure and function of the stock market, which allows us to better understand the stock market. Applying complex network methodology, a stock associated network model based on financial indicators is created. Accordingly, we set threshold value and use modularity to detect the community network, and we analyze the network structure and community cluster characteristics of different threshold situations. The study finds that the threshold value of 0.7 is the abrupt change point of the network. At the same time, as the threshold value increases, the independence of the community strengthens. This study provides a method of researching stock market based on the financial indicators, exploring the structural similarity of financial indicators of stocks. Also, it provides guidance for investment and corporate financial management.

12 CFR 208.3 - Application and conditions for membership in the Federal Reserve System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...: (1) Financial condition and management. The financial history and condition of the applying bank and the general character of its management. (2) Capital. The adequacy of the bank's capital in accordance....3(c)(1); (iii) The application contains a material error or is otherwise deficient; or (iv) The...

Effect of Financial Stress and Positive Financial Behaviors on Cost-Related Nonadherence to Health Regimens Among Adults in a Community-Based Setting.

PubMed

Patel, Minal R; Kruger, Daniel J; Cupal, Suzanne; Zimmerman, Marc A

2016-04-07

Little is known about the role of positive financial behaviors (behaviors that allow maintenance of financial stability with financial resources) in mitigating cost-related nonadherence (CRN) to health regimens. This study examined the relationships between positive financial behaviors, financial stress, and CRN. Data came from the 2011 Speak to Your Health! Community Survey (n = 1,234). Descriptive statistics were computed to examine financial stress and CRN, by chronic condition and health insurance status. We used multivariate logistic regression models to examine the relationship between positive financial behaviors and financial stress and their interaction on a composite score of CRN, controlling for health insurance status, educational level, age, marital status, number of chronic conditions, and employment status. Thirty percent of the sample engaged in CRN. Participants reported moderate financial stress (mean, 13.85; standard deviation [SD] = 6.97), and moderate positive financial behavior (mean, 8.84; SD = 3.24). Participants with employer-sponsored insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, the Genesee Health Plan, high blood pressure, asthma, and diabetes had the highest proportion of CRN. The relationship between financial stress and CRN was not significantly different between those who reported lower versus higher levels of positive financial behavior (P = .32). Greater financial stress was associated with a greater likelihood of CRN (odds ratio [OR] = 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08-2.99). Higher level of positive financial behavior was associated with a lower likelihood of CRN (OR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.94). Financial literacy as a means of promoting positive financial behavior may help reduce CRN. An intervention strategy focused on improving financial literacy may be relevant for high-risk groups who report high levels of financial stress.

Did the strong get stronger and the weak get weaker? Examining changes in hospital financial condition.

PubMed

Bazzoli, Gloria J; Lindrooth, Richard C; Clement, Jan P; Zhao, Mei; Chukmaitov, Askar

2006-01-01

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, many industry observers expressed the view that there was a growing dichotomy in the hospital industry in which financially weak hospitals were getting weaker and financially strong hospitals were getting stronger. Although existing analysis of cross-sectional financial data concur with this view, our analysis of 1993 to 2000 longitudinal data provides only partial support. We find that about one half of general acute care hospitals classified as financially strong in 1993-95 continued to be strong in 1998-00. More persistence was found for hospitals in weak financial position in 1993-95 with about 60 to 70 percent of them continuing to be weak in 1998-00. Persistently weak hospitals did experience deteriorating financial condition whereas persistently strong hospitals appeared at best to hold their ground financially. Although many Medicare payment policies appear well-targeted to hospitals that would otherwise have financial problems (for example, isolated rural institutions and teaching hospitals), policymakers may need to consider the development of temporary loan or grant programs to assist hospitals that experience transitory financial problems during difficult times.

Preventable hospitalizations, barriers to care, and disability.

PubMed

Pezzin, Liliana E; Bogner, Hillary R; Kurichi, Jibby E; Kwong, Pui L; Streim, Joel E; Xie, Dawei; Na, Ling; Hennessy, Sean

2018-05-01

The AHRQ's Prevention Quality Indicators assume inpatient hospitalizations for certain conditions, referred as ambulatory-care sensitive (ACS) conditions, are potentially preventable and may indicate reduced access to and a lower quality of ambulatory care. Using a cohort drawn from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) linked to Medicare claims, we examined the extent to which barriers to healthcare are associated with ACS hospitalizations and related costs, and whether these associations differ by beneficiaries' disability status. Our results indicate that the regression-adjusted cost of ACS hospitalizations for elderly Medicare beneficiaries with no disabilities was $799. This cost increased six-fold, by $5148, among beneficiaries with mild disability, by $9045 for beneficiaries with moderate disability, by $5513 for those with severe disability, and by $8557 for persons with complete disability (P < 0.001). Persons reporting having foregone or delayed needed medical care because of financial difficulties (+$2082, P = .05), those experiencing low satisfaction with care coordination (+$1714, P = .01), and those reporting low satisfaction with access to care (+$1237, P = .02) also incurred significant excess ACS hospitalization costs relative to persons reporting no such barriers. This pattern held true for those with and without a disability, but were especially marked among persons with no functional limitations. These findings suggest that a better understanding of how public policy might effectively improve care coordination and reduce financial barriers to care is essential to formulating programs that reduce excess hospitalizations among the large and growing number of elderly Medicare beneficiaries.

Financial Responsibilities of Governing Boards of Colleges and Universities. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, 1985

1985-01-01

Financial planning and management responsibilities of college governing boards are examined. External factors and the institution's condition and direction of movement are addressed, along with policies concerning financial resources (e.g., tuition, financial aid, investments, and educational and auxiliary sales and services). Also considered are:…

45 CFR 95.612 - Disallowance of Federal Financial Participation (FFP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Disallowance of Federal Financial Participation... Financial Participation (FFP) Specific Conditions for Ffp § 95.612 Disallowance of Federal Financial... approved advance planning document to the detriment of the proper and efficient operation of the affected...

12 CFR 327.9 - Assessment risk categories and pricing methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... institution's financial condition and the risk posed to the Deposit Insurance Fund. The three Supervisory... method. Under the financial ratios method for Risk Category I institutions, each of six financial ratios... the Board under § 327.10(c), will equal an institution's assessment rate. The six financial ratios are...

Workplace Financial Education Facilitates Improvement in Personal Financial Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prawitz, Aimee D.; Cohart, Judith

2014-01-01

Based on the life-cycle theory of consumption, this quasi-experimental study of 995 employees examined changes in financial behaviors following employee-needs-driven workplace financial education. Repeated-measures ANOVA compared participants and non-participants on perceived financial wellness and savings ratios; main effects indicated that both…

Perceived Income Adequacy Among Older Adults in 12 Countries: Findings From the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe

PubMed Central

Litwin, Howard; Sapir, Eliyahu V.

2009-01-01

Purpose: To validate a survey research measure of subjective income, as measured by perceived income adequacy, in an international context. Design and Methods: The study population comprised persons aged 50 years and older in 12 countries from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (n = 28,939). Perceived difficulty in making ends meet was regressed on sociodemographic variables, economic indicators, health status measures, and expectations regarding one's financial future. Country differences were also controlled. Results: The findings confirm a multidimensional explanation of perceived income adequacy but also point to the primacy of objective economic indicators in predicting household financial distress. Respondents aged 80 years and older report less financial difficulty. Poor health status and pessimistic financial expectations also predict greater household financial distress but to a lesser degree. Implications: Self-rated economic status is a robust indicator of financial capacity in older age and can be used by practitioners to gain meaningful information. However, practitioners should keep in mind that the oldest-old may underestimate financial difficulties. PMID:19386829

What is the business case for improving care for patients with complex conditions?

PubMed

Luck, Jeff; Parkerton, Patricia; Hagigi, Fred

2007-12-01

Patients with complex conditions account for a disproportionate share of health care spending. Although evidence indicates that care for these patients could be provided more efficiently, the financial impact of mechanisms to improve the care they receive is unclear. Numerous mechanisms-emphasizing patient self-management, care coordination, and evidence-based guidelines-aim to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients with complex conditions. Assessing the overall "business case" for these mechanisms requires carefully estimating all relevant costs and financial benefits, then comparing them in present value terms. Mechanisms that are not cost-saving may still be implemented if they are cost-effective. We reviewed articles in peer-reviewed journals, as well as reports available on publicly accessible websites, which contained data about the business case for mechanisms to improve care for patients with complex conditions. Published studies do not provide clear evidence that current mechanisms are cost saving. This literature also has several major methodological shortcomings with respect to providing an understanding of the business case for these mechanisms. Further research using standardized methodologies is needed to understand the business case for mechanisms to improve care for patients with complex conditions. Implications for VA business case analyses include the necessity of establishing appropriate time horizons, scope of services, and target populations, as well as considering the impact of existing VA systems.

Global financial indices and twitter sentiment: A random matrix theory approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García, A.

2016-11-01

We use Random Matrix Theory (RMT) approach to analyze the correlation matrix structure of a collection of public tweets and the corresponding return time series associated to 20 global financial indices along 7 trading months of 2014. In order to quantify the collection of tweets, we constructed daily polarity time series from public tweets via sentiment analysis. The results from RMT analysis support the fact of the existence of true correlations between financial indices, polarities, and the mixture of them. Moreover, we found a good agreement between the temporal behavior of the extreme eigenvalues of both empirical data, and similar results were found when computing the inverse participation ratio, which provides an evidence about the emergence of common factors in global financial information whether we use the return or polarity data as a source. In addition, we found a very strong presumption that polarity Granger causes returns of an Indonesian index for a long range of lag trading days, whereas for Israel, South Korea, Australia, and Japan, the predictive information of returns is also presented but with less presumption. Our results suggest that incorporating polarity as a financial indicator may open up new insights to understand the collective and even individual behavior of global financial indices.

Writing a successful business plan.

PubMed

Haag, A B

1997-01-01

1. In creating and building a business, the entrepreneur assumes all the responsibilities for its development and management, as well as the risks and risks and rewards. Many businesses do not survive because business owners fail to develop an effective plan. 2. The business plan focuses on major areas of concern and their contribution to the success of a new business. The finished product communicates the product/service to others and provides the basis for the financial proposal. 3. Planning helps identify customers, market area, pricing strategy, and competitive conditions. It aids in decision making and is an essential guide for operating a business successfully and measuring progress. 4. The business plan not only serves as a mechanism for obtaining any needed financial resources, but also indicates the future direction of the company.

40 CFR 280.95 - Financial test of self-insurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... least $10 million? ___ 8. Is line 6 at least 10 times line 3? ___ 9. Have financial statements for the.... (f) The Director of the implementing agency may require reports of financial condition at any time... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Financial test of self-insurance. 280...

The Financial Education Tool Kit: Helping Teachers Meet State- Mandated Personal Finance Requirements

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

St. Pierre, Eileen; Richert, Charlotte; Routh, Susan; Lockwood, Rachel; Simpson, Mickey

2012-01-01

States are recognizing the need for personal financial education and have begun requiring it as a condition for high school graduation. Responding to teacher requests to help them meet state-mandated financial education requirements, FCS educators in the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service developed a financial education tool kit. This article…

Financial heat machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khrennikov, Andrei

2005-05-01

We consider dynamics of financial markets as dynamics of expectations and discuss such a dynamics from the point of view of phenomenological thermodynamics. We describe a financial Carnot cycle and the financial analog of a heat machine. We see, that while in physics a perpetuum mobile is absolutely impossible, in economics such mobile may exist under some conditions.

Financial preconditions for successful community initiatives for the uninsured.

PubMed

Song, Paula H; Smith, Dean G

2007-01-01

Community-based initiatives are increasingly being implemented as a strategy to address the health needs of the community, with a growing body of evidence on successes of various initiatives. This study addresses financial status indicators (preconditions) that might predict where community-based initiatives might have a better chance for success. We evaluated five community-based initiatives funded by the Communities in Charge (CIC) program sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. These initiatives focus on increasing access by easing financial barriers to care for the uninsured. At each site, we collected information on financial status indicators and interviewed key personnel from health services delivery and financing organizations. With full acknowledgment of the caveats associated with generalizations based on a small number of observations, we suggest four financial preconditions associated with successful initiation of CIC programs: (1) uncompensated care levels that negatively affect profitability, (2) reasonable financial stability of providers, (3) stable health insurance market, and (4) the potential to create new sources of funding. In general, sites that demonstrate successful program initiation are financially stressed enough by uncompensated care to gain the attention of local healthcare providers. However, they are not so strained and so concerned about revenue sources that they cannot afford to participate in the initiative. In addition to political and managerial indicators, we suggest that planning for community-based initiatives should include financial indicators of current health services delivery and financing organizations and consideration of whether they meet preconditions for success.

Examining financial performance indicators for acute care hospitals.

PubMed

Burkhardt, Jeffrey H; Wheeler, John R C

2013-01-01

Measuring financial performance in acute care hospitals is a challenge for those who work daily with financial information. Because of the many ways to measure financial performance, financial managers and researchers must decide which measures are most appropriate. The difficulty is compounded for the non-finance person. The purpose of this article is to clarify key financial concepts and describe the most common measures of financial performance so that researchers and managers alike may understand what is being measured by various financial ratios.

Solutions to Address Diabetes-Related Financial Burden and Cost-Related Nonadherence: Results From a Pilot Study.

PubMed

Patel, Minal R; Resnicow, Kenneth; Lang, Ian; Kraus, Kathleen; Heisler, Michele

2018-02-01

Cost-related nonadherence (CRN) to recommended self-management behaviors among adults with chronic conditions such as diabetes is prevalent. Few behavioral interventions to mitigate CRN have been tested and evaluated. We developed a financial burden resource tool and examined its acceptability and the preliminary effects on patient-centered outcomes among adults with diabetes or prediabetes seen in a clinical setting. We report a pre-post one-group design pilot study. From an endocrinology clinic, we recruited 104 adults with diabetes who reported financial burdens with their diabetes management or engaged in CRN behaviors. We offered participants the financial burden resource tool we developed, which provided tailored, low-cost resource options for diabetes management and other social needs. Acceptability and self-reported outcomes were assessed 2 months after use of the tool. Mean age of participants was 50.5 years ( SD = 15.3). Participants found the tool highly acceptable across 15 indicators (e.g., 93% "learned a lot," 98% "topics relevant" 95% "applicable to their lives," 98% "liked the information"). Significant improvements between baseline and 2-month follow-up were observed for discussion of cost concerns with nurses (19% to 29%, p < .05) and pharmacists (13% to 25.5%, p < .01), not skipping doses of medicines due to cost (11% to 4%, p < .03), and financial management (33.83 to 39.62, p < .007). There were no significant changes in perception of financial burden. A financial burden resource tool is highly acceptable to patients, is easy to administer, and can prompt behavior change. This pilot study supports the need for well-powered trials with longer follow-up to further evaluate the effectiveness of such tools in improving CRN and key outcomes.

Solutions to Address Diabetes-Related Financial Burden and Cost-Related Nonadherence: Results From a Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Patel, Minal R.; Resnicow, Kenneth; Lang, Ian; Kraus, Kathleen; Heisler, Michele

2018-01-01

Background Cost-related nonadherence (CRN) to recommended self-management behaviors among adults with chronic conditions such as diabetes is prevalent. Few behavioral interventions to mitigate CRN have been tested and evaluated. Aims We developed a financial burden resource tool and examined its acceptability and the preliminary effects on patient-centered outcomes among adults with diabetes or prediabetes seen in a clinical setting. Method We report a pre–post one-group design pilot study. From an endocrinology clinic, we recruited 104 adults with diabetes who reported financial burdens with their diabetes management or engaged in CRN behaviors. We offered participants the financial burden resource tool we developed, which provided tailored, low-cost resource options for diabetes management and other social needs. Acceptability and self-reported outcomes were assessed 2 months after use of the tool. Results Mean age of participants was 50.5 years (SD = 15.3). Participants found the tool highly acceptable across 15 indicators (e.g., 93% “learned a lot,” 98% “topics relevant” 95% “applicable to their lives,” 98% “liked the information”). Significant improvements between baseline and 2-month followup were observed for discussion of cost concerns with nurses (19% to 29%, p < .05) and pharmacists (13% to 25.5%, p < .01), not skipping doses of medicines due to cost (11% to 4%, p < .03), and financial management (33.83 to 39.62, p < .007). There were no significant changes in perception of financial burden. Conclusion A financial burden resource tool is highly acceptable to patients, is easy to administer, and can prompt behavior change. This pilot study supports the need for well-powered trials with longer follow-up to further evaluate the effectiveness of such tools in improving CRN and key outcomes. PMID:28443371

The Impact of College Student Financial Health on Other Dimensions of Health.

PubMed

Bemel, James E; Brower, Christopher; Chischillie, Alyssa; Shepherd, Jessica

2016-03-01

Researchers examined college students' financial health and other health indicators to determine whether the integration of financial health into undergraduate health courses is justified and justify financial health as the newest dimension of health within the field of health promotion. The study utilized a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at a large public university located in the western region of the United States. Participants completed the survey from any computer with Internet access. A sample of 3000 undergraduate students was selected. A total of 686 surveys were completed (22.9% response rate). Data were collected from college students ages 18 to 30 during the first 2 weeks of June 2013. Participants completed an online survey regarding their financial health and other dimensions of health. SPSS version 19.0 was used to examine the relationships between financial health and individual health variables using χ(2), independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson R, point-biserial correlation, and nonparametric analyses. Every dimension of health was impacted significantly by lower levels of financial health. Participants' emotional health was impacted far more than any other dimension, with significant impacts on concentration (p = .005), usefulness (p = .006), decision making (p = .014), and happiness (p < .001) by the mere presence of a budget. Findings indicate an apparent relationship between financial health and other health indicators and support the need for financial education by parents and middle/high schools and the incorporation of financial health into undergraduate health courses. © The Author(s) 2016.

The International Monetary Fund's effects on global health: before and after the 2008 financial crisis.

PubMed

Stuckler, David; Basu, Sanjay

2009-01-01

In April 2009, the G20 countries committed US $750 billion to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which has assumed a central role in global economic management. The IMF provides loans to financially ailing countries, but with strict conditions, typically involving a mix of privatization, liberalization, and fiscal austerity programs. These loan conditions have been extremely controversial. In principle, they are designed to help countries balance their books. In practice, they often translate into reductions in social spending, including spending on public health and health care delivery. As more countries are being exposed to IMF policies, there is a need to establish what we know and do not know about the IMF's effects on global health. This article introduces a series in which contributors review the evidence on the relationship between the IMF and public health and discuss potential ways to improve the Fund's effects on health. While more evidence is needed for some regions, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that IMF programs have been significantly associated with weakened health care systems, reduced effectiveness of health-focused development aid, and impeded efforts to control tobacco, infectious diseases, and child and maternal mortality. Reforms are urgently needed to prevent the current wave of IMF programs from further undermining public health in financially ailing countries and limiting progress toward the health Millennium Development Goals.

48 CFR 832.202-4 - Security for Government financing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... accepted accounting principles and must be audited and certified by an independent public accountant or an... for Government financing. An offeror's financial condition may be considered adequate security to... offeror's financial condition, the contracting officer may obtain, to the extent required, the following...

Effects of financial incentives on the intention to consent to organ donation: a questionnaire survey.

PubMed

Mayrhofer-Reinhartshuber, D; Fitzgerald, A; Benetka, G; Fitzgerald, R

2006-11-01

Shortage of donor organs is a serious problem for transplantation medicine. One controversial suggestion to increase the number of organ donors is financial incentives for consent. The aim of this study was to test whether different forms and amounts of financial incentives were apt to increase the consent to organ donation. Data were collected via questionnaires in urban and rural regions of Austria and randomly assigned to settings with three different amounts of financial incentives. The questionnaire was designed by using the theory of planned behaviour of Ajzen. Parents 69 mothers and 35 fathers; ages 25 to 65 years were evaluated for intention to consent to organ donation, perceived social norm, and positive/ negative aspects of organ donation without and with various financial incentives. The intention to consent to organ donation dropped highly significantly (Z = -7.556 P = .000) from the basic condition (M = 1.13; confidence interval [CIs] 0.78 to 1.51) to the condition with financial incentives (M = -1.58; CI, 1.96 to -1.15). No influence of the amount of financial incentive was observed. Highly significant differences were measured between both conditions for the social norm (Z = -5.638; P < .000) and the attitude toward organ donation (Z = -1.962; P < .05; Z = -2.104; P < .035). Financial incentives led to decreased consents and elicited strong rejections and negative reactions of the participants. Taking money for consent to organ donation seems to be a strict taboo for most people in Austrian society.

Employment impact and financial burden for families of children with fragile X syndrome: findings from the National Fragile X Survey.

PubMed

Ouyang, L; Grosse, S; Raspa, M; Bailey, D

2010-10-01

The employment impact and financial burden experienced by families of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) has not been quantified in the USA. Using a national fragile X family survey, we analysed data on 1019 families with at least one child who had a full FXS mutation. Out-of-pocket expenditures related to fragile X were reported. We used logistic regression to examine the role of insurance, number of affected children, and number of total co-occurring conditions in predicting the financial burden and employment impact of FXS, while adjusting for race, education, marital status and other sociodemographic predictors. Almost half of families affected by FXS reported that they had experienced an increased financial burden and nearly 60% stated that they had had to change work hours or stop work because of FXS. Families with health insurance that met family needs were significantly less likely to report an excess financial burden. The type of insurance (private or public) was not associated with the reported financial burden. Affected children's mutation status, especially male children with the full mutation, was associated with employment impact. The total number of co-occurring conditions was associated with both financial burden and employment impact. Families affected by FXS experienced a significant employment impact and financial burden. Policies designed to help families with FXS need to take into consideration the dimension of co-occurring conditions. © 2010 The Authors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Financial Well-being in Active Ageing.

PubMed

Rajola, Federico; Frigerio, Chiara; Parrichi, Monica

2014-01-01

In developed countries, economic and financial well-being is playing a crucial positive role in ageing and inclusion processes. Due to the complexity and pervasiveness of financial economy in the real life, more and more social as well as individual well-being are perceived as influenced by financial conditions. On the other hand, the demographic circumstances drive scholars as well as politicians to reflect on ageing dynamics. Bridging the two domains, the following research focuses on the role of the financial well-being as a mediating role of general well-being in elder people. The assumption is that elderly people have specific financial needs that sometimes are not covered by financial providers' offers. The motivation is mainly on the role of information asymmetries between elder consumers and financial institutions. On the dynamics of these asymmetries, the research will specifically investigate the role of financial literacy, as the ability of comprehension of elder people of their needs and of financial information. The applicative implication of this research work consists in finding the determinants of financial well-being for elders and the definition of their specific financial competencies, in order to 1) identify educational and regulatory guidelines for policy makers in charge of creating financial market transparency conditions, and to 2) support design of organizational mechanisms as well as financial product/services for this specific target of client. The following chapter presents preliminary explorative results of a survey delivered on 200 elder individuals (65-80 yrs.) leaving in Milan. Findings show that active elders consider the ability of managing personal wealth as one of the core determinant of well-being, although the economic and financial literacy is limited. Furthermore, the chapter proposes a research agenda for scholars interested in exploring the relationship between financial well-being and ageing.

Financial health and customer satisfaction in private health care providers in Brazil.

PubMed

Schiozer, Rafael Felipe; Saito, Cristiana Checchia; Saito, Richard

2011-11-01

This paper analyzes the relationship between the financial health and organizational form of private health care providers in Brazil. It also examines the major determinants of customer satisfaction associated with the provider's organizational form. An adjusted Altman's z-score is used as an indicator of financial health. A proxy variable based on customer complaints filed at the Brazilian National Agency for Supplementary Health is used as an indicator for customer satisfaction. The study uses a sample of 270 private health care providers and their operations over the period 2003-2005. Panel data analysis includes control variables related to market, operations, and management. Principal results indicate that: (1) private health care providers benefit from economies of scale; (2) self-funded health plans have better financial health; (3) spending on marketing does not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction in Brazil; (4) weak empirical evidence exists showing that good financial performance enhances customer's satisfaction.

45 CFR 1302.20 - Grantee to show both legal status and financial viability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... both legal status and financial viability. (a) Upon the occurrence of a change in the legal condition... legal status and financial viability within 30 days after receiving the grantee's written submittal. (c... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Grantee to show both legal status and financial...

Cross-border Portfolio Investment Networks and Indicators for Financial Crises

PubMed Central

Joseph, Andreas C.; Joseph, Stephan E.; Chen, Guanrong

2014-01-01

Cross-border equity and long-term debt securities portfolio investment networks are analysed from 2002 to 2012, covering the 2008 global financial crisis. They serve as network-proxies for measuring the robustness of the global financial system and the interdependence of financial markets, respectively. Two early-warning indicators for financial crises are identified: First, the algebraic connectivity of the equity securities network, as a measure for structural robustness, drops close to zero already in 2005, while there is an over-representation of high-degree off-shore financial centres among the countries most-related to this observation, suggesting an investigation of such nodes with respect to the structural stability of the global financial system. Second, using a phenomenological model, the edge density of the debt securities network is found to describe, and even forecast, the proliferation of several over-the-counter-traded financial derivatives, most prominently credit default swaps, enabling one to detect potentially dangerous levels of market interdependence and systemic risk. PMID:24510060

Interactions between financial stress and economic activity for the U.S.: A time- and frequency-varying analysis using wavelets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrer, Román; Jammazi, Rania; Bolós, Vicente J.; Benítez, Rafael

2018-02-01

This paper examines the interactions between the main U.S. financial stress indices and several measures of economic activity in the time-frequency domain using a number of continuous cross-wavelet tools, including the usual wavelet squared coherence and phase difference as well as two new summary wavelet-based measures. The empirical results show that the relationship between financial stress and the U.S. real economy varies considerably over time and depending on the time horizon considered. A significant adverse effect of financial stress on U.S. economic activity is observed since the onset of the subprime mortgage crisis in the summer of 2007, indicating that the impact of financial market stress on the real economy is particularly severe during periods of major financial turmoil. Furthermore, the significant linkage between financial stress and the economic environment is mostly concentrated at time horizons from one to four years, demonstrating that the effect of financial stress on economic activity is especially visible in the long-run.

Cross-border Portfolio Investment Networks and Indicators for Financial Crises

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joseph, Andreas C.; Joseph, Stephan E.; Chen, Guanrong

2014-02-01

Cross-border equity and long-term debt securities portfolio investment networks are analysed from 2002 to 2012, covering the 2008 global financial crisis. They serve as network-proxies for measuring the robustness of the global financial system and the interdependence of financial markets, respectively. Two early-warning indicators for financial crises are identified: First, the algebraic connectivity of the equity securities network, as a measure for structural robustness, drops close to zero already in 2005, while there is an over-representation of high-degree off-shore financial centres among the countries most-related to this observation, suggesting an investigation of such nodes with respect to the structural stability of the global financial system. Second, using a phenomenological model, the edge density of the debt securities network is found to describe, and even forecast, the proliferation of several over-the-counter-traded financial derivatives, most prominently credit default swaps, enabling one to detect potentially dangerous levels of market interdependence and systemic risk.

Cross-border portfolio investment networks and indicators for financial crises.

PubMed

Joseph, Andreas C; Joseph, Stephan E; Chen, Guanrong

2014-02-10

Cross-border equity and long-term debt securities portfolio investment networks are analysed from 2002 to 2012, covering the 2008 global financial crisis. They serve as network-proxies for measuring the robustness of the global financial system and the interdependence of financial markets, respectively. Two early-warning indicators for financial crises are identified: First, the algebraic connectivity of the equity securities network, as a measure for structural robustness, drops close to zero already in 2005, while there is an over-representation of high-degree off-shore financial centres among the countries most-related to this observation, suggesting an investigation of such nodes with respect to the structural stability of the global financial system. Second, using a phenomenological model, the edge density of the debt securities network is found to describe, and even forecast, the proliferation of several over-the-counter-traded financial derivatives, most prominently credit default swaps, enabling one to detect potentially dangerous levels of market interdependence and systemic risk.

Defense Finance and Accounting Service Work on the Navy Defense Business Operations Fund FY 1995 Financial Statements

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-11-22

consolidation of financial statements , and for an automated process to transfer financial statement data from the Central Data Base to a... consolidation of financial statements . The Deputy Chief Financial Officer also indicated that the DFAS Cleveland Center approved a system change request...ently is developing Standard Operating Procedures to ensure consistency and standardization in the adjustment and consolidation of financial statements .

14 CFR 431.81 - Financial responsibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Financial responsibility requirements. 431.81 Section 431.81 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION...-Licensing Requirements-Reusable Launch Vehicle Mission License Terms and Conditions § 431.81 Financial...

14 CFR 431.81 - Financial responsibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Financial responsibility requirements. 431.81 Section 431.81 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION...-Licensing Requirements-Reusable Launch Vehicle Mission License Terms and Conditions § 431.81 Financial...

14 CFR 431.81 - Financial responsibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Financial responsibility requirements. 431.81 Section 431.81 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION...-Licensing Requirements-Reusable Launch Vehicle Mission License Terms and Conditions § 431.81 Financial...

14 CFR 431.81 - Financial responsibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial responsibility requirements. 431.81 Section 431.81 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION...-Licensing Requirements-Reusable Launch Vehicle Mission License Terms and Conditions § 431.81 Financial...

14 CFR 431.81 - Financial responsibility requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Financial responsibility requirements. 431.81 Section 431.81 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION...-Licensing Requirements-Reusable Launch Vehicle Mission License Terms and Conditions § 431.81 Financial...

Reserve growth during financial volatility in a technologically challenging world

USGS Publications Warehouse

Klett, Timothy R.; Gautier, Donald L.

2010-01-01

Reserve growth (growth-to-known) is the addition of oil and gas quantities to reported proved or proved-plus-probable reserves in discovered fields. The amount of reserve growth fluctuates through time with prevailing economic and technological conditions. Most reserve additions are the result of investment in field operations and in development technology. These investments can be justified by higher prices of oil and gas, the desire to maintain cash flow, and by greater recovery efficiency in well established fields. The price/cost ratio affects decisions for field abandonment and (or) implementation of improved recovery methods. Although small- to medium-size fields might show higher percentages of reserve growth, a relatively few giant fields contribute most volumetric reserve growth, indicating that companies may prefer to invest in existing fields with low geologic and production risk and an established infrastructure in order to increase their price/cost relationship. Whereas many previous estimates of reserve growth were based on past trends of reported reserves, future reserve growth is expected to be greatly affected by financial volatility and fluctuating economic and technological conditions.

Financial Advice: Who Pays

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finke, Michael S.; Huston, Sandra J.; Winchester, Danielle D.

2011-01-01

Using a cost-benefit framework for financial planning services and proprietary data collected in the summer of 2008, the client characteristics that are associated with the likelihood of paying for professional financial advice, as well as the type of financial services purchased, are identified. Results indicate that respondents who pay for…

How to improve the equity of health financial sources? - Simulation and analysis of total health expenditure of one Chinese province on system dynamics.

PubMed

Wang, Xin; Sun, Yuanling; Mu, Xin; Guan, Li; Li, Jingjie

2015-08-27

We simulate and analyze Total Health Expenditure (THE) in financial sources and other economic indicators (such as THE per capita, GDP, etc.) in a province of China from 2002 to 2012 on System Dynamics. Based on actual data and certain mathematical methods, we use system dynamic software to construct a logic model for THE and changing proportions, and thus simulate the actual conditions of development and changes in THE. According to the simulation results, the government possess the largest investment in the average annual growth rate of THE, which was 25.16% in 2012. Social investment comprises the majority of the possession ratio, which was up to 41.20%. The personal investment growth rate decreased by almost 21%, but the total amount of personal investment increased by 28075 million yuan, which is far higher than the increase in government investment. Individuals are still the main carriers of health care expenses. The equity of health financial sources is still poor. The System Dynamics method used in this paper identifies a dynamic measurement process, provides a scientific basis for simulation and analysis of the changes in THE and its key constraining factors, as well as put forward suggestions for the improvement of equity of health financial sources.

Case study: San Francisco's use of neighborhood indicators to encourage healthy urban development.

PubMed

Bhatia, Rajiv

2014-11-01

Neighborhood indicators are quantitative measures of neighborhood quality, including measures of attributes such as crime, noise, proximity to parks, transit services, social capital, and student performance. In 2007 the San Francisco Department of Public Health, with broad public input, developed a comprehensive system of neighborhood indicators to inform, influence, and monitor decisions made by the Department of City Planning and other community development institutions. Local public agencies, businesses, and citizens' groups used the indicators to identify disparities in environmental and social conditions, inform and shape neighborhood land use plans, select appropriate sites for development projects, craft new environmental regulations, and justify demands on developers to make financial contributions to community infrastructure. Among other things, the use of indicators contributed to policies to prevent residential displacement, a city ordinance requiring stricter building ventilation standards in areas with high air pollution, and the redeployment of traffic police to high-injury corridors. Data that can be used to create neighborhood indicators are increasingly available, and participation by public health and health care institutions in the indicators' development, dissemination, and application could help improve several conditions that contribute to poor population health. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

12 CFR 925.11 - Financial condition requirement for applicants other than insurance companies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... other than insurance companies. 925.11 Section 925.11 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD....11 Financial condition requirement for applicants other than insurance companies. (a) Review requirement. In determining whether an applicant other than an insurance company has complied with the...

42 CFR 455.304 - Condition for Federal financial participation (FFP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Condition for Federal financial participation (FFP). 455.304 Section 455.304 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH..., to receive Federal payments under Section 1903(a)(1) of the Act based on State expenditures for...

42 CFR 455.304 - Condition for Federal financial participation (FFP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Condition for Federal financial participation (FFP). 455.304 Section 455.304 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH..., to receive Federal payments under Section 1903(a)(1) of the Act based on State expenditures for...

42 CFR 455.304 - Condition for Federal financial participation (FFP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Condition for Federal financial participation (FFP). 455.304 Section 455.304 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH..., to receive Federal payments under Section 1903(a)(1) of the Act based on State expenditures for...

12 CFR 702.402 - Full and fair disclosure of financial condition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... disclosure demands that a credit union properly address charges for loan losses as follows: (1) Charges for.... 702.402 Section 702.402 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS PROMPT CORRECTIVE ACTION Reserves § 702.402 Full and fair disclosure of financial condition...

24 CFR 27.20 - Conditions of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... probable causes of project failure resulting in its default; (2) A financial analysis of the project... analysis of the project, including the condition of the structure and grounds, the need for rehabilitation... financial feasibility of the project after foreclosure and sale subject to the terms to be required by the...

Student Loans, Financial Stress, and College Student Retention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Britt, Sonya L.; Ammerman, David Allen; Barrett, Sarah F.; Jones, Scott

2017-01-01

This study examined a sample of 2,475 undergraduate students to determine the influence of financial stress, debt loads, and financial counseling on retention rates. Results indicate, among other findings, that financial stress contributes to an increased likelihood of discontinuing college. Self-reported student loan debt contributes to an…

Wasteful use of financial resources in public hospitals in Turkey: a trend analysis.

PubMed

Ozgulbas, Nermin; Kisa, Adnan

2006-01-01

The Turkish health system is mainly financed by public sources such as taxes and premiums collected from workers. According to 2003 data, total health expenditures were 4.5% of the country's Gross Domestic Product. Currently, 56% of the system is financed by the Ministry of Health, and services are also provided by the Ministry. The main sources of finance among the Ministry of Health hospitals are general budget contributions made by the Ministry and revolving funds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the financial conditions of those Ministry of Health hospitals that have revolving funds. The financial trends of 2514 hospitals were followed from 1996 to 2000, and financial statement analyses were conducted. The results of the study show that the Ministry of Health hospitals are not professionally administered for their financial situation and also that their financial resources are not used effectively. The hospitals had difficulty in collecting debts and had problems in cash returns. At the end of the study, policy suggestions are made for health care managers toward improving financial conditions in these public hospitals.

Impact of HMO mergers and acquisitions on financial performance.

PubMed

Weech-Maldonado, Robert

2002-01-01

This study examines the effect of health maintenance organization (HMO) mergers and acquisitions on financial performance, as indicated by cash flow returns, profitability ratios, and efficiency indicators. Pooled, cross-sectional files of financial performance data were created for HMO mergers occurring in the period of 1988 to 1994. The study uses a time-series design involving the analysis of pre- and post-acquisition financial performance measured over a period of four years. Change scores for the industry-adjusted financial performance measures were calculated and then evaluated using t-tests. The study showed that HMO mergers had a positive effect on financial performance and efficiency. This effect disappeared, however, after adjusting for HMO industry returns. Potential synergies arising from HMO mergers have been largely illusory. Mergers may have been a result of non-value enhancing motives or management overconfidence.

48 CFR 52.247-6 - Financial Statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....247-6 Financial Statement. As prescribed in 47.207-1(e), insert the following provision in solicitations for transportation or for transportation-related services to ensure that offerors are prepared to... furnish the Government with a current certified statement of the offeror's financial condition and such...

48 CFR 52.247-6 - Financial Statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....247-6 Financial Statement. As prescribed in 47.207-1(e), insert the following provision in solicitations for transportation or for transportation-related services to ensure that offerors are prepared to... furnish the Government with a current certified statement of the offeror's financial condition and such...

31 CFR 203.12 - EFTPS interest assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Circumstances subject to interest assessments. Treasury may assess interest on a financial institution in... tax payment instructions to the financial institution was timely and that the taxpayer satisfied the conditions imposed by the financial institution pursuant to § 203.10(b). Treasury also may assess interest...

75 FR 75897 - Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-07

... the Financial Management Service to discontinue the system that processes FTD coupons, the temporary... Financial Management Service (FMS) considered current market conditions. In the last 18 months, more than 100 financial institutions, large and small, have stopped accepting FTD coupons. In many states, few...

The financial attractiveness assessment of large waste management projects registered as clean development mechanism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bufoni, André Luiz, E-mail: bufoni@facc.ufrj.br; Oliveira, Luciano Basto; Rosa, Luiz Pinguelli

Highlights: • Projects are not financially attractive without registration as CDMs. • WM benchmarks and indicators are converging and reducing in variance. • A sensitivity analysis reveal that revenue has more of an effect on the financial results. • Results indicate that an extensive database would reduce WM project risk and capital costs. • Disclosure standards would make information more comparable worldwide. - Abstract: This study illustrates the financial analyses for demonstration and assessment of additionality presented in the project design (PDD) and enclosed documents of the 431 large Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) classified as the ‘waste handling and disposalmore » sector’ (13) over the past ten years (2004–2014). The expected certified emissions reductions (CER) of these projects total 63.54 million metric tons of CO{sub 2}eq, where eight countries account for 311 projects and 43.36 million metric tons. All of the projects declare themselves ‘not financially attractive’ without CER with an estimated sum of negative results of approximately a half billion US$. The results indicate that WM benchmarks and indicators are converging and reducing in variance, and the sensitivity analysis reveals that revenues have a greater effect on the financial results. This work concludes that an extensive financial database with simple standards for disclosure would greatly diminish statement problems and make information more comparable, reducing the risk and capital costs of WM projects.« less

Expert Financial Advice Neurobiologically “Offloads” Financial Decision-Making under Risk

PubMed Central

Engelmann, Jan B.; Capra, C. Monica; Noussair, Charles; Berns, Gregory S.

2009-01-01

Background Financial advice from experts is commonly sought during times of uncertainty. While the field of neuroeconomics has made considerable progress in understanding the neurobiological basis of risky decision-making, the neural mechanisms through which external information, such as advice, is integrated during decision-making are poorly understood. In the current experiment, we investigated the neurobiological basis of the influence of expert advice on financial decisions under risk. Methodology/Principal Findings While undergoing fMRI scanning, participants made a series of financial choices between a certain payment and a lottery. Choices were made in two conditions: 1) advice from a financial expert about which choice to make was displayed (MES condition); and 2) no advice was displayed (NOM condition). Behavioral results showed a significant effect of expert advice. Specifically, probability weighting functions changed in the direction of the expert's advice. This was paralleled by neural activation patterns. Brain activations showing significant correlations with valuation (parametric modulation by value of lottery/sure win) were obtained in the absence of the expert's advice (NOM) in intraparietal sulcus, posterior cingulate cortex, cuneus, precuneus, inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. Notably, no significant correlations with value were obtained in the presence of advice (MES). These findings were corroborated by region of interest analyses. Neural equivalents of probability weighting functions showed significant flattening in the MES compared to the NOM condition in regions associated with probability weighting, including anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral PFC, thalamus, medial occipital gyrus and anterior insula. Finally, during the MES condition, significant activations in temporoparietal junction and medial PFC were obtained. Conclusions/Significance These results support the hypothesis that one effect of expert advice is to “offload” the calculation of value of decision options from the individual's brain. PMID:19308261

A balanced perspective: using nonfinancial measures to assess financial performance.

PubMed

Watkins, Ann L

2003-11-01

Assessments of hospitals' financial performance have traditionally been based exclusively on analysis of a concise set of key financial ratios. One study, however, demonstrates that analysis of a hospital's financial condition can be significantly enhanced with the addition of several nonfinancial measures, including case-mix adjusted admissions, case-mix adjusted admissions per full-time equivalent, and case-mix adjusted admissions per beds in service.

12 CFR 360.6 - Treatment by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as conservator or receiver of financial...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... accepted accounting principles, other than the “legal isolation” condition as it applies to institutions... the conditions for sale accounting treatment set forth by generally accepted accounting principles in... Corporation as conservator or receiver of financial assets transferred in connection with a securitization or...

International Financial Institution Policies of Conditionality and Public Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacPhail, Scott; McGray, Robert

2014-01-01

Conditionalities are most broadly defined as the provisos that are to be met by a country when borrowing money from the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). Increasingly, they have proven to have far reaching consequences for countries entering into agreements with The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade…

75 FR 66820 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-29

... of its financial condition as disclosed in its most recently prepared balance sheet.] * * * * * II... relative to a member's financial condition, as disclosed in its most recent balance sheet, available for... option of delivering their balance sheet, in paper or electronic form, to customers who request it...

Clarifying the relationship between nonradiologists' financial interest in imaging and their utilization of imaging.

PubMed

Bhargavan, Mythreyi; Sunshine, Jonathan H; Hughes, Danny R

2011-11-01

Several limitations and deficiencies have been identified in existing studies of physician financial interest in imaging that show financial interest is associated with more imaging. We conducted extensive quantitative analysis of seven deficiencies that have been identified. Using Symmetry's Episode Grouper, we created episodes of care from all the 2004-2007 health care claims for a random 5% sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. We compared utilization of imaging in nonhospital episodes having a nonradiologist physician who had a financial interest in imaging with utilization in episodes with no such physician. We studied 23 combinations of medical conditions with imaging modalities commonly used for these conditions. Across four different definitions of financial interest and the 23 combinations, the relative probability (risk ratio) of imaging was uniformly higher for episodes of physicians with a financial interest, predominantly at p < 0.001. The mean relative probability was 1.87. This mean was little affected by the definition of financial interest used or the definition of the physician deemed responsible for the imaging. Controlling for patient characteristics, illness severity, and physician specialty likewise had little effect. Physicians who had acquired a financial interest averaged a 49% increase in the odds of imaging relative to physicians who had not. Physicians with a financial interest in an imaging modality used other modalities more than did physicians without a financial interest in the index modality. The Deficit Reduction Act's 2007 payment reductions had little effect. A financial interest in imaging is associated with higher utilization, probably causally. Limiting nonradiologists' financial interest in imaging may be desirable.

Nearly half of families in high-deductible health plans whose members have chronic conditions face substantial financial burden.

PubMed

Galbraith, Alison A; Ross-Degnan, Dennis; Soumerai, Stephen B; Rosenthal, Meredith B; Gay, Charlene; Lieu, Tracy A

2011-02-01

High-deductible health plans-typically with deductibles of at least $1,000 per individual and $2,000 per family-require greater enrollee cost sharing than traditional plans. But they also may provide more affordable premiums and may be the lowest-cost, or only, coverage option for many families with members who are chronically ill. We surveyed families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans and families in traditional plans to compare health care-related financial burden-such as experiencing difficulty paying medical or basic bills or having to set up payment plans. Almost half (48 percent) of the families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans reported health care-related financial burden, compared to 21 percent of families in traditional plans. Almost twice as many lower-income families in high-deductible plans spent more than 3 percent of income on health care expenses as lower-income families in traditional plans (53 percent versus 29 percent). As health reform efforts advance, policy makers must consider how to modify high-deductible plans to reduce the financial burden for families with chronic conditions.

75 FR 60287 - Treatment by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as Conservator or Receiver of Financial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

... conditions for sale accounting treatment under generally accepted accounting principles (``GAAP''). The rule... securitization participants. Modifications to GAAP Accounting Standards On June 12, 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (``FASB'') finalized modifications to GAAP through Statement of Financial...

78 FR 59930 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-30

... $50 billion in total assets and nonbank systemically important financial institutions, subject to annual supervisory stress tests and semi- annual company-run stress tests; ``other financial companies... Board informed as to--(i) its financial condition, [and] systems for monitoring and controlling...

12 CFR 201.4 - Availability and terms of credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... overnight, as a backup source of funding to a depository institution that is in generally sound financial... Reserve Bank, the depository institution is in generally sound financial condition and cannot obtain such... would facilitate the orderly resolution of serious financial difficulties of a depository institution...

12 CFR 1408.8 - Right to offer to repay claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... would create a financial hardship, the Corporation shall analyze the debtor's financial condition. The... an undue financial hardship for the debtor. The written agreement shall set forth the amount and... of the consequences of signing a confess-judgment note. The debtor shall sign a statement...

77 FR 32671 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Collection; Comments Requested; Application for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-01

...; Comments Requested; Application for Approval as a Provider of a Personal Financial Management Instructional... financial management. Other: None. Congress passed a bankruptcy law that requires individuals who file for bankruptcy to complete an approved personal financial management instructional course as a condition of...

The Influence of Locus of Control on Student Financial Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Britt, Sonya; Cumbie, Julie A.; Bell, Mary M.

2013-01-01

Data on psychological influences of financial behaviors has not been well addressed in student populations, which is concerning given the high levels of general and financial stress experienced by college students. The findings of this study indicate that college students with an external locus of control exhibit the worst financial behaviors.…

Who is responsible for business failures?

PubMed

Cleverley, William O

2002-10-01

Two high-profile business failures should be a wake-up call for hospital leaders. Management and boards cannot rely on unaudited financial statements as the principal indicator of financial health. Boards must ensure diligent analysis of key financial measures. Board members need better education about healthcare finance. Hospitals are not immune to financial collapse.

Fiscal Year 2015 U.S. Government Financial Statements: Need to Address the Governments Remaining Financial Management Challenges and Long Term Fiscal Path

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-06

government’s financial position and condition. The Budget accounts for government receipts, or cash received by the government, and spending (outlays), or...sought to address the historical lack of reliable, useful, and timely information to assure financial accountability for the federal government. Such... financial statements.3 Further, with the enactment of the Accountability of Tax Dollars Act of 2002 (ATDA), most executive branch entities must now

A reassessment of the indicators of primary education quality in developing countries: Emerging evidence from Tanzania

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mosha, Herme Joseph

1988-03-01

This article seeks to identify factors affecting the quality of primary education in five regions of Tanzania by extensively reviewing relevant literature and empirical data. Some of the shortcomings emphasised by the author are: frequent staff turnover, declining financial support for primary education, ineffective curricula, shortage of teachers' guides and textbooks, and unfavourable working conditions for teachers in rural areas. Beyond this, the need for freely available material, efficient school management and regular inspections is stressed by the author.

How Financial Literacy Affects Household Wealth Accumulation.

PubMed

Behrman, Jere R; Mitchell, Olivia S; Soo, Cindy K; Bravo, David

2012-05-01

This study isolates the causal effects of financial literacy and schooling on wealth accumulation using a new household dataset and an instrumental variables (IV) approach. Financial literacy and schooling attainment are both strongly positively associated with wealth outcomes in linear regression models, whereas the IV estimates reveal even more potent effects of financial literacy. They also indicate that the schooling effect only becomes positive when interacted with financial literacy. Estimated impacts are substantial enough to imply that investments in financial literacy could have large wealth payoffs.

How Financial Literacy Affects Household Wealth Accumulation

PubMed Central

Behrman, Jere R.; Mitchell, Olivia S.; Soo, Cindy K.; Bravo, David

2012-01-01

This study isolates the causal effects of financial literacy and schooling on wealth accumulation using a new household dataset and an instrumental variables (IV) approach. Financial literacy and schooling attainment are both strongly positively associated with wealth outcomes in linear regression models, whereas the IV estimates reveal even more potent effects of financial literacy. They also indicate that the schooling effect only becomes positive when interacted with financial literacy. Estimated impacts are substantial enough to imply that investments in financial literacy could have large wealth payoffs. PMID:23355747

12 CFR 1263.11 - Financial condition requirement for depository institutions and CDFI credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... following documents: (1) Regulatory financial reports. The regulatory financial reports filed by the... standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report on the applicant; (ii) The most... accepted auditing standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report on the...

12 CFR 1263.11 - Financial condition requirement for depository institutions and CDFI credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... following documents: (1) Regulatory financial reports. The regulatory financial reports filed by the... standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report on the applicant; (ii) The most... accepted auditing standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report on the...

12 CFR 1263.11 - Financial condition requirement for depository institutions and CDFI credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... following documents: (1) Regulatory financial reports. The regulatory financial reports filed by the... standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report on the applicant; (ii) The most... accepted auditing standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report on the...

12 CFR 1263.11 - Financial condition requirement for depository institutions and CDFI credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... following documents: (1) Regulatory financial reports. The regulatory financial reports filed by the... standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report on the applicant; (ii) The most... accepted auditing standards by a certified public accounting firm which submits a report on the...

12 CFR 608.808 - Right to offer to repay claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... explanation. The statement shall recite that the written explanation was read and understood before execution... would create a financial hardship, the FCA shall analyze the debtor's financial condition. The FCA may... financial hardship for the debtor. The written agreement shall set forth the amount and frequency of...

Perspectives on Evaluation in Financial Education: Landscape, Issues, and Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walstad, William; Urban, Carly; Asarta, Carlos J.; Breitbach, Elizabeth; Bosshardt, William; Heath, Julie; O'Neill, Barbara; Wagner, Jamie; Xiao, Jing Jian

2017-01-01

This review discusses the heterogeneity in the effectiveness of financial education programs that occurs because of the unique conditions for programs and methods to evaluate them. The authors define six groups served by financial education: children, youth, college students and young adults, working adults, military personnel, and low-income…

12 CFR 620.11 - Content of quarterly report to shareholders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... results to be expected for the year. (c) Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and.... For purposes of this section, major captions to be provided in the financial statements are the same as those provided in the financial statements contained in the institution's annual report to...

Understanding financial statements.

PubMed

Tarantino, D P

2001-01-01

In his premier column for The Physician Executive, David Tarantino takes a look at those critical "financials" that can make or break a business. If you're considering a career move, you need to know the financial condition of future employers. Learn how to read the statements and glean valuable information from the numbers.

Nurse staffing and system integration and change indicators in acute care hospitals: evidence from a balanced scorecard.

PubMed

McGillis Hall, Linda; Peterson, Jessica; Baker, G Ross; Brown, Adalsteinn D; Pink, George H; McKillop, Ian; Daniel, Imtiaz; Pedersen, Cheryl

2008-01-01

This study examined relationships between financial indicators for nurse staffing and organizational system integration and change indicators. These indicators, along with hospital location and type, were examined in relation to the nursing financial indicators. Results showed that different indicators predicted each of the outcome variables. Nursing care hours were predicted by the hospital type, geographic location, and the system. Both nursing and patient care hours were significantly related to dissemination and benchmarking of clinical data.

Socioeconomic Status and Financial Coping Strategies: The Mediating Role of Perceived Control

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caplan, Leslie J.; Schooler, Carmi

2007-01-01

We examine the relations among socioeconomic status, control beliefs, and two coping styles (problem-focused vs. emotion-focused) in the context of financial stress. Findings indicate that low socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to greater use of emotion-focused financial coping and lesser use of problem-focused financial coping. The effects of…

The Impact of Financial Literacy Education on Subsequent Financial Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mandell, Lewis; Klein, Linda Schmid

2009-01-01

This study examined the differential impact on 79 high school students of a personal financial management course completed 1 to 4 years earlier. This study used a matched sample design based on a school system's records to identify students who had and had not taken a course in personal financial management. The findings indicated that those who…

77 FR 47702 - 30-Day Notice of Request for Approval: Statutory Authority To Preserve Rail Service

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-09

... filing with the Board: an offer of financial assistance (OFA) to subsidize or purchase a rail line for... terms and conditions of the financial assistance; a request for a public use condition (section 10905... this collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the Board...

The influence of age on perceptions of anticipated financial inadequacy by palliative radiation outpatients.

PubMed

Francoeur, Richard B

2007-12-01

A consistent body of knowledge suggests that with advancing age, adults tend to report lower financial strain from their current economic condition. But are more negative perceptions shifted onto their expectations about their future economic condition? This study of seriously ill outpatients investigates whether advancing age is related to more negative expectations of future health-related financial strain, in which illness progression would necessitate greater health care consumption. Ordinal probit multivariate regression was conducted on survey findings from 268 outpatients initiating palliative radiation for recurrent cancer. Half were retirees age>/=65. Age comparisons are reported when there was no recent work transition. As age advances (from 40 to 84), outpatients incurring low objective financial stress were more likely to reveal that their health insurance and finances would be less adequate to meet future health needs. Previously, these outpatients were reported to minimize perceptions of current financial strain as age advances. Therefore, older outpatients may cope with current circumstances by displacing perceptions of financial inadequacy onto plausible future situations of cancer progression demanding greater healthcare consumption. Financial strain may be hidden in older outpatients initiating palliative radiation. These outpatients appear at risk of foregoing appropriate healthcare. Targeted screening and advocacy are warranted.

Accountability report - fiscal year 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-04-01

This document contains the US NRC`s accountability report for fiscal year 1997. Topics include uses of funds, financial condition, program performance, management accountability, and the audited financial statement.

10 CFR 800.202 - Loan terms and conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... specified amounts of working capital (including amounts derived from Federal financial assistance) and maintain specified financial ratios, where in the Secretary's judgment satisfaction of such preconditions...

12 CFR 623.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; (2) The preparation or certification of any statement, opinion, report of financial condition and performance, financial statement, appraisal report, audit report, or other document or report by any attorney...

Novel indexes based on network structure to indicate financial market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhong, Tao; Peng, Qinke; Wang, Xiao; Zhang, Jing

2016-02-01

There have been various achievements to understand and to analyze the financial market by complex network model. However, current studies analyze the financial network model but seldom present quantified indexes to indicate or forecast the price action of market. In this paper, the stock market is modeled as a dynamic network, in which the vertices refer to listed companies and edges refer to their rank-based correlation based on price series. Characteristics of the network are analyzed and then novel indexes are introduced into market analysis, which are calculated from maximum and fully-connected subnets. The indexes are compared with existing ones and the results confirm that our indexes perform better to indicate the daily trend of market composite index in advance. Via investment simulation, the performance of our indexes is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the dynamic complex network model could not only serve as a structural description of the financial market, but also work to predict the market and guide investment by indexes.

Ordered LOGIT Model approach for the determination of financial distress.

PubMed

Kinay, B

2010-01-01

Nowadays, as a result of the global competition encountered, numerous companies come up against financial distresses. To predict and take proactive approaches for those problems is quite important. Thus, the prediction of crisis and financial distress is essential in terms of revealing the financial condition of companies. In this study, financial ratios relating to 156 industrial firms that are quoted in the Istanbul Stock Exchange are used and probabilities of financial distress are predicted by means of an ordered logit regression model. By means of Altman's Z Score, the dependent variable is composed by scaling the level of risk. Thus, a model that can compose an early warning system and predict financial distress is proposed.

Incentive payments are not related to expected health gain in the pay for performance scheme for UK primary care: cross-sectional analysis

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The General Medical Services primary care contract for the United Kingdom financially rewards performance in 19 clinical areas, through the Quality and Outcomes Framework. Little is known about how best to determine the size of financial incentives in pay for performance schemes. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that performance indicators with larger population health benefits receive larger financial incentives. Methods We performed cross sectional analyses to quantify associations between the size of financial incentives and expected health gain in the 2004 and 2006 versions of the Quality and Outcomes Framework. We used non-parametric two-sided Spearman rank correlation tests. Health gain was measured in expected lives saved in one year and in quality adjusted life years. For each quality indicator in an average sized general practice we tested for associations first, between the marginal increase in payment and the health gain resulting from a one percent point improvement in performance and second, between total payment and the health gain at the performance threshold for maximum payment. Results Evidence for lives saved or quality adjusted life years gained was found for 28 indicators accounting for 41% of the total incentive payments. No statistically significant associations were found between the expected health gain and incentive gained from a marginal 1% increase in performance in either the 2004 or 2006 version of the Quality and Outcomes Framework. In addition no associations were found between the size of financial payment for achievement of an indicator and the expected health gain at the performance threshold for maximum payment measured in lives saved or quality adjusted life years. Conclusions In this subgroup of indicators the financial incentives were not aligned to maximise health gain. This disconnection between incentive and expected health gain risks supporting clinical activities that are only marginally effective, at the expense of more effective activities receiving lower incentives. When designing pay for performance programmes decisions about the size of the financial incentive attached to an indicator should be informed by information on the health gain to be expected from that indicator. PMID:22507660

Net returns, fiscal risks, and the optimal patient mix for a profit-maximizing hospital.

PubMed

Ozatalay, S; Broyles, R

1987-10-01

As is well recognized, the provisions of PL98-21 not only transfer financial risks from the Medicare program to the hospital but also induce institutions to adjust the diagnostic mix of Medicare beneficiaries so as to maximize net income or minimize the net loss. This paper employs variation in the set of net returns as the sole measure of financial risk and develops a model that identifies the mix of beneficiaries that maximizes net income, subject to a given level of risk. The results indicate that the provisions of PL98-21 induce the institution to deny admission to elderly patients presenting conditions for which the net return is relatively low and the variance in the cost per case is large. Further, the paper suggests that the treatment of beneficiaries at a level commensurate with previous periods or the preferences of physicians may jeopardize the viability and solvency of Medicare-dependent hospitals.

The source of dual-task limitations: Serial or parallel processing of multiple response selections?

PubMed Central

Marois, René

2014-01-01

Although it is generally recognized that the concurrent performance of two tasks incurs costs, the sources of these dual-task costs remain controversial. The serial bottleneck model suggests that serial postponement of task performance in dual-task conditions results from a central stage of response selection that can only process one task at a time. Cognitive-control models, by contrast, propose that multiple response selections can proceed in parallel, but that serial processing of task performance is predominantly adopted because its processing efficiency is higher than that of parallel processing. In the present study, we empirically tested this proposition by examining whether parallel processing would occur when it was more efficient and financially rewarded. The results indicated that even when parallel processing was more efficient and was incentivized by financial reward, participants still failed to process tasks in parallel. We conclude that central information processing is limited by a serial bottleneck. PMID:23864266

76 FR 81933 - Agency Information Collection Activities Regarding Savings and Loan Holding Companies...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... accounting principles (SAP) financial statements. The proposal also stated that there could be a few SLHCs... Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (``GAAP'') financial statements that are consolidated at the top... approved by the Board will provide data to analyze the overall financial condition of most SLHCs to ensure...

ITEA Financial Report--Fiscal 2003

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technology Teacher, 2004

2004-01-01

The figures in this report reflect the financial year, which ended on June 30, 2003. The balance shown is the result of specifically planned activities on behalf of the Board of Directors and the headquarters staff to balance the budget. The Board monitors the financial condition of the association and foundation on an ongoing basis through its…

12 CFR 1500.3 - What are the holding periods permitted for merchant banking investments?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... includes a depository institution controlled by the financial holding company and any subsidiary of such a depository institution. (4) Approval required to hold interests held in excess of time limit. A financial... financial holding company; (iii) Market conditions; (iv) The nature of the portfolio company's business; (v...

Missouri Extension Provides Tax Assistance to Rural Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huston, Sandra J.; Procter, Brenda

2006-01-01

Financial education is one pathway to improving the human condition. Family financial educators in University Extension programs lead in their efforts to provide individuals and families with the skills they need to manage their financial resources effectively. Offering these opportunities at a time when families have money to manage is a key…

Toward quantum-like modeling of financial processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choustova, Olga

2007-05-01

We apply methods of quantum mechanics for mathematical modeling of price dynamics at the financial market. We propose to describe behavioral financial factors (e.g., expectations of traders) by using the pilot wave (Bohmian) model of quantum mechanics. Trajectories of prices are determined by two financial potentials: classical-like V(q) ("hard" market conditions, e.g., natural resources) and quantum-like U(q) (behavioral market conditions). On the one hand, our Bohmian model is a quantum-like model for the financial market, cf. with works of W. Segal, I. E. Segal, E. Haven, E. W. Piotrowski, J. Sladkowski. On the other hand, (since Bohmian mechanics provides the possibility to describe individual price trajectories) it belongs to the domain of extended research on deterministic dynamics for financial assets (C.W.J. Granger, W.A. Barnett, A. J. Benhabib, W.A. Brock, C. Sayers, J. Y. Campbell, A. W. Lo, A. C. MacKinlay, A. Serletis, S. Kuchta, M. Frank, R. Gencay, T. Stengos, M. J. Hinich, D. Patterson, D. A. Hsieh, D. T. Caplan, J.A. Scheinkman, B. LeBaron and many others).

Financial and operational ratios for bond-insured hospitals.

PubMed

McCue, Michael J; McCluer, R Forrest

2008-01-01

Few, if any, researchers have analyzed the performance indicators of companies that offer bond insurance to hospitals and healthcare systems. The authors of this study analyzed the key financial and operational indicators of independent hospitals and hospitals within large multihospital systems that are insured by the 5 major bond insurance companies. The authors examined 87 insured bond issues; the results of this study show that some insurers cover healthcare facilities that have strong operational traits and others focus on financial factors.

A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-Term Impact of the "Money Smart" Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumers' Behavior and Confidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 2007

2007-01-01

Using data collected from a pre-training survey, post-training survey, and telephone follow-up survey, this study analyzes the impact of the Money Smart financial education curriculum upon the financial opinions and behaviors of course participants during the survey period. The data indicate that Money Smart financial education training positively…

40 CFR 35.6335 - Property management standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... property are in good condition and periodic calibration of the instruments used for precision measurements... the property; (5) Provisions for financial control and accounting in the financial management system...

7 CFR 3575.69 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... borrower within 30 days of such violation. (b) Financial reports. The lender must obtain the financial..., including trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial... and prudent lending standards. (d) Loan balances. The lender must report to the Agency the outstanding...

7 CFR 3575.69 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... borrower within 30 days of such violation. (b) Financial reports. The lender must obtain the financial..., including trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial... and prudent lending standards. (d) Loan balances. The lender must report to the Agency the outstanding...

7 CFR 3575.69 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... borrower within 30 days of such violation. (b) Financial reports. The lender must obtain the financial..., including trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial... and prudent lending standards. (d) Loan balances. The lender must report to the Agency the outstanding...

7 CFR 3575.69 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... borrower within 30 days of such violation. (b) Financial reports. The lender must obtain the financial..., including trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial... and prudent lending standards. (d) Loan balances. The lender must report to the Agency the outstanding...

7 CFR 3575.69 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... borrower within 30 days of such violation. (b) Financial reports. The lender must obtain the financial..., including trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial... and prudent lending standards. (d) Loan balances. The lender must report to the Agency the outstanding...

Analyzing the Financial State of Colleges and Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frances, Carol; Stenner, A. Jackson

1979-01-01

Ten pitfalls for financial analysts are described: information lags, misinterpreting trend data, data shortcomings, sample institutions' problems, misuse of panel ratings, using same indicators for private and public institutions, underdevelopment of conceptual framework, arbitrary financial health scales, shaky use of discriminant analysis, and…

Financial Management and Culture: The American Indian Case

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Danes, Sharon M.; Garbow, Jennifer; Jokela, Becky Hagen

2016-01-01

Study investigates distal and proximal contextual influences of the American Indian culture that affect financial decisions and behaviors. Primary household financial managers were interviewed. Study was grounded in Deacon and Firebaugh's "Family Resource Management" theory. Findings indicated that American Indians view many concepts…

Nearly Half of Families In High-Deductible Health Plans Whose Members Have Chronic Conditions Face Substantial Financial Burden

PubMed Central

Galbraith, Alison A.; Ross-Degnan, Dennis; Soumerai, Stephen B.; Rosenthal, Meredith B.; Gay, Charlene; Lieu, Tracy A.

2015-01-01

High-deductible health plans – typically with deductibles of at least $1,000 per individual and $2,000 per family -- require greater enrollee cost sharing than traditional plans. But they also may provide more affordable premiums and may be the lowest-cost, or only, coverage option for many families with members who are chronically ill. We surveyed families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans and families in traditional plans to compare health care-related financial burden – such as experiencing difficulty paying medical or basic bills or having to set up payment plans. Almost half (48 percent) of the families with chronic conditions in high-deductible plans reported health care-related financial burden, compared to a fifth of families (21 percent) in traditional plans. Almost twice as many lower-income families in high-deductible plans spent more than 3 percent of income on health care expenses as lower-income families in traditional plans (53 percent versus 29 percent). As health reform efforts advance, policy makers must consider how to modify high-deductible plans to reduce the financial burden for families with chronic conditions. PMID:21289354

Measuring Financial Gains from Genetically Superior Trees

Treesearch

George Dutrow; Clark Row

1976-01-01

Planting genetically superior loblolly pines will probably yield high profits.Forest economists have made computer simulations that predict financial gains expected from a tree improvement program under actual field conditions.

Financial arrangement selection for energy management projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woodroof, Eric Aubrey

Scope and method of study. The purpose of this study was to develop a model (E-FUND) to help facility managers select financial arrangements for energy management projects (EMPs). The model was developed with the help of a panel of expert financiers. The panel also helped develop a list of key objectives critical to the decision process. The E-FUND model was tested by a population of facility managers in four case studies. Findings and conclusions. The results may indicate that having a high economic benefit (from an EMP) is not overwhelmingly important, when compared to other qualitative objectives. The results may also indicate that the true lease and performance contract may be the most applicable financial arrangements for EMPs.

Development of a methodology for the detection of hospital financial outliers using information systems.

PubMed

Okada, Sachiko; Nagase, Keisuke; Ito, Ayako; Ando, Fumihiko; Nakagawa, Yoshiaki; Okamoto, Kazuya; Kume, Naoto; Takemura, Tadamasa; Kuroda, Tomohiro; Yoshihara, Hiroyuki

2014-01-01

Comparison of financial indices helps to illustrate differences in operations and efficiency among similar hospitals. Outlier data tend to influence statistical indices, and so detection of outliers is desirable. Development of a methodology for financial outlier detection using information systems will help to reduce the time and effort required, eliminate the subjective elements in detection of outlier data, and improve the efficiency and quality of analysis. The purpose of this research was to develop such a methodology. Financial outliers were defined based on a case model. An outlier-detection method using the distances between cases in multi-dimensional space is proposed. Experiments using three diagnosis groups indicated successful detection of cases for which the profitability and income structure differed from other cases. Therefore, the method proposed here can be used to detect outliers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Correlates of physician visits among older adults in China: the effects of family support.

PubMed

Li, Yawen; Chi, Iris

2011-09-01

We examined how family support influenced the use of health services among older Chinese adults. Data came from a national representative survey including 20,255 respondents aged 60 and older. The dependent variable was the number of physician visits in the past 12 months. Family support variables include living arrangement, family size, financial support, instrumental support, and filial piety. Providing or receiving financial support increased the likelihood as well as number of physician visits. By contrast, living with children and regarding children as filial decreased physician visits. Financial sufficiency as indicated by the exchange of financial resources within families indicates the importance of money in predicting older adults' physician visits. Living with children may indicate a higher level of support, which substitutes some of physician services. Perceiving children as being filial may render psychological protective effects to older adults which results in less health service use.

Time-varying correlations in global real estate markets: A multivariate GARCH with spatial effects approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Huaying; Liu, Zhixue; Weng, Yingliang

2017-04-01

The present study applies the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (MGARCH) with spatial effects approach for the analysis of the time-varying conditional correlations and contagion effects among global real estate markets. A distinguishing feature of the proposed model is that it can simultaneously capture the spatial interactions and the dynamic conditional correlations compared with the traditional MGARCH models. Results reveal that the estimated dynamic conditional correlations have exhibited significant increases during the global financial crisis from 2007 to 2009, thereby suggesting contagion effects among global real estate markets. The analysis further indicates that the returns of the regional real estate markets that are in close geographic and economic proximities exhibit strong co-movement. In addition, evidence of significantly positive leverage effects in global real estate markets is also determined. The findings have significant implications on global portfolio diversification opportunities and risk management practices.

How Have Health Insurers Performed Financially Under the ACA' Market Rules?

PubMed

McCue, Michael J; Hall, Mark A

2017-10-01

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) transformed the market for individual health insurance, so it is not surprising that insurers' transition was not entirely smooth. Insurers, with no previous experience under these market conditions, were uncertain how to price their products. As a result, they incurred significant losses. Based on this experience, some insurers have decided to leave the ACA’s subsidized market, although others appear to be thriving. Examine the financial performance of health insurers selling through the ACA's marketplace exchanges in 2015--the market’s most difficult year to date. Analysis of financial data for 2015 reported by insurers from 48 states and D.C. to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Although health insurers were profitable across all lines of business, they suffered a 10 percent loss in 2015 on their health plans sold through the ACA's exchanges. The top quarter of the ACA exchange market was comfortably profitable, while the bottom quarter did much worse than the ACA market average. This indicates that some insurers were able to adapt to the ACA's new market rules much better than others, suggesting the ACA's new market structure is sustainable, if supported properly by administrative policy.

Universal behavior of the interoccurrence times between losses in financial markets: independence of the time resolution.

PubMed

Ludescher, Josef; Bunde, Armin

2014-12-01

We consider representative financial records (stocks and indices) on time scales between one minute and one day, as well as historical monthly data sets, and show that the distribution P(Q)(r) of the interoccurrence times r between losses below a negative threshold -Q, for fixed mean interoccurrence times R(Q) in multiples of the corresponding time resolutions, can be described on all time scales by the same q exponentials, P(Q)(r)∝1/{[1+(q-1)βr](1/(q-1))}. We propose that the asset- and time-scale-independent analytic form of P(Q)(r) can be regarded as an additional stylized fact of the financial markets and represents a nontrivial test for market models. We analyze the distribution P(Q)(r) as well as the autocorrelation C(Q)(s) of the interoccurrence times for three market models: (i) multiplicative random cascades, (ii) multifractal random walks, and (iii) the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity [GARCH(1,1)] model. We find that only one of the considered models, the multifractal random walk model, approximately reproduces the q-exponential form of P(Q)(r) and the power-law decay of C(Q)(s).

Universal behavior of the interoccurrence times between losses in financial markets: Independence of the time resolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ludescher, Josef; Bunde, Armin

2014-12-01

We consider representative financial records (stocks and indices) on time scales between one minute and one day, as well as historical monthly data sets, and show that the distribution PQ(r ) of the interoccurrence times r between losses below a negative threshold -Q , for fixed mean interoccurrence times RQ in multiples of the corresponding time resolutions, can be described on all time scales by the same q exponentials, PQ(r ) ∝1 /{[1+(q -1 ) β r ] 1 /(q -1 )} . We propose that the asset- and time-scale-independent analytic form of PQ(r ) can be regarded as an additional stylized fact of the financial markets and represents a nontrivial test for market models. We analyze the distribution PQ(r ) as well as the autocorrelation CQ(s ) of the interoccurrence times for three market models: (i) multiplicative random cascades, (ii) multifractal random walks, and (iii) the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity [GARCH(1,1)] model. We find that only one of the considered models, the multifractal random walk model, approximately reproduces the q -exponential form of PQ(r ) and the power-law decay of CQ(s ) .

Antiherding in Financial Decision Increases Valuation of Return on Investment: An Event-Related Potential Study

PubMed Central

Wang, Cuicui; Jin, Jia; Vieito, João Paulo

2017-01-01

Using event-related potentials, this study investigated how financial herding or antiherding affected the valuation of subsequent outcomes. For each trial, subjects decided whether to buy the stock according to its net money flow information which could be used to reflect the strength of buying power or selling power of the stock. The return on investment (ROI) as feedback included the increase or decrease percentage after subjects' responses. Results showed that, compared with herding, antiherding induced larger discrepancies of FRN and P300 amplitude between positive ROI and negative ROI, indicating that individuals under antiherding condition had stronger motivation and paid more attention in the evaluation process of ROI. Moreover, only for positive ROI, the amplitudes of FRN and P300 were modulated by two kinds of behaviors. We suggested that individuals making antiherd decisions were more confident with their own ability and choices, which reduced the positive outcome prediction error and gave more mental resources to evaluate positive outcome. However, negative outcomes evoked no different motivational meaning and negative emotion for individuals between herding and antiherding. The study may provide new insights into neurocognitive processes of herding and antiherding in financial market. PMID:28634488

Antiherding in Financial Decision Increases Valuation of Return on Investment: An Event-Related Potential Study.

PubMed

Wang, Cuicui; Jin, Jia; Vieito, João Paulo; Ma, Qingguo

2017-01-01

Using event-related potentials, this study investigated how financial herding or antiherding affected the valuation of subsequent outcomes. For each trial, subjects decided whether to buy the stock according to its net money flow information which could be used to reflect the strength of buying power or selling power of the stock. The return on investment (ROI) as feedback included the increase or decrease percentage after subjects' responses. Results showed that, compared with herding, antiherding induced larger discrepancies of FRN and P300 amplitude between positive ROI and negative ROI, indicating that individuals under antiherding condition had stronger motivation and paid more attention in the evaluation process of ROI. Moreover, only for positive ROI, the amplitudes of FRN and P300 were modulated by two kinds of behaviors. We suggested that individuals making antiherd decisions were more confident with their own ability and choices, which reduced the positive outcome prediction error and gave more mental resources to evaluate positive outcome. However, negative outcomes evoked no different motivational meaning and negative emotion for individuals between herding and antiherding. The study may provide new insights into neurocognitive processes of herding and antiherding in financial market.

Socioeconomic variation in the financial consequences of ill health for older people with chronic diseases: a systematic review.

PubMed

Valtorta, Nicole K; Hanratty, Barbara

2013-04-01

Chronic disease has financial consequences for older adults, but it is unclear how this varies between conditions with different disease trajectories. The aim of this study was to review evidence on the financial burden associated with cancer, heart failure or stroke in older people, to identify those most at risk of financial adversity. We systematically searched nine databases for studies with data on the illness-related financial burden (objective), or on the perception of financial hardship (subjective), of older patients and/or their informal caregivers in high-income countries. We identified thirty-eight papers published in English between 1984 and 2012. Studies fell into three categories: those reporting direct, out of pocket, costs (medical and/or non-medical); studies of the indirect costs associated with illness (such as wage or income loss); and papers reporting general financial or economic burdens secondary to illness. Three out of four studies focused on people with cancer. More affluent people had greater out of pocket costs, but were less financially burdened by illness, compared with older adults from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Disadvantaged patients and families were more likely to report experiences of financial hardship, and spend a higher proportion of their income on all expenses related to their diagnoses. This review illustrates how little is known about the financial adversity experienced by patients with some common chronic conditions. It raises the possibility that higher expenditure by more affluent older people may be creating inequalities in how chronic illness is experienced. The development of effective strategies for financial protection at older ages will require more information on who is affected and at which point in their illness trajectory. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Independent School Financial Model Is Broken: Here's How We Fix It

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farber, John S.

2012-01-01

All of those who work in independent schools have read a variety of material regarding strategies to improve their financial model. But as the author sees it, in the current economic conditions, there are really only two possible solutions for improving financial structures. They can no longer rely on their traditional strategy of increasing…

12 CFR 611.1130 - Inter-System transfer of funds and equities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... financial condition of one or more institutions of the System. For purposes of this section, the term “bond...) Based on application to it of one or more of the following ratios, the receiving institution is not financially viable in that it will not be able to continue to extend new or additional credit or financial...

More than 100 Colleges Fail Education Department's Test of Financial Strength

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blumenstyk, Goldie

2009-01-01

A newly compiled analysis by the U.S. Department of Education and obtained by "The Chronicle" shows that 114 private nonprofit degree-granting colleges were in such fragile financial condition at the end of their last fiscal year that they failed the department's financial-responsibility test. Colleges that fail the test are subject to extra…

17 CFR 250.103A - Liability for certain statements by issuers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... oil and gas reserves as set forth in paragraphs 30-34 of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards... discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations,” or Item 302 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.302 of this chapter), “Supplementary financial information,” or (ii) The value of proved oil and...

17 CFR 230.175 - Liability for certain statements by issuers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... paragraphs 30-34 of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 69) presented voluntarily or pursuant to... Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” Item 5 of Form 20-F (§ 249.220(f) of this chapter), “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” Item 302 of Regulation S-K (§ 229...

12 CFR 208.36 - Reporting requirements for State member banks subject to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... recent fiscal year, and no foreign offices, may elect to substitute for the financial statements required... qualifying for and electing to file financial statements from its quarterly report of condition pursuant to... statement or schedule, only the particular financial statement or schedule need be included. All copies of...

12 CFR 335.221 - Forms for registration of securities and cross reference to Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... statements. The requirements for Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of... the FDIC instead of the SEC. (b) The requirements for Financial Statements can generally be found in Regulation S-X (17 CFR part 210). Banks may also refer to the instructions for Federal Financial Institutions...

75 FR 74935 - Rescission of Form T-1, Trust Annual Report; Requiring Subsidiary Organization Reporting on the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-01

.... These provisions include LMRDA Title II financial reporting and disclosure requirements for labor.... The labor organization annual financial reports required by section 201(b) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 431(b... financial condition and operations for its preceding fiscal year.'' The Form LM-2 Annual Report, the most...

Liquidity crisis detection: An application of log-periodic power law structures to default prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wosnitza, Jan Henrik; Denz, Cornelia

2013-09-01

We employ the log-periodic power law (LPPL) to analyze the late-2000 financial crisis from the perspective of critical phenomena. The main purpose of this study is to examine whether LPPL structures in the development of credit default swap (CDS) spreads can be used for default classification. Based on the different triggers of Bear Stearns’ near bankruptcy during the late-2000 financial crisis and Ford’s insolvency in 2009, this study provides a quantitative description of the mechanism behind bank runs. We apply the Johansen-Ledoit-Sornette (JLS) positive feedback model to explain the rise of financial institutions’ CDS spreads during the global financial crisis 2007-2009. This investigation is based on CDS spreads of 40 major banks over the period from June 2007 to April 2009 which includes a significant CDS spread increase. The qualitative data analysis indicates that the CDS spread variations have followed LPPL patterns during the global financial crisis. Furthermore, the univariate classification performances of seven LPPL parameters as default indicators are measured by Mann-Whitney U tests. The present study supports the hypothesis that discrete scale-invariance governs the dynamics of financial markets and suggests the application of new and fast updateable default indicators to capture the buildup of long-range correlations between creditors.

Down Syndrome: Co-Occuring Conditions

MedlinePlus

... content Toggle navigation Home Our Story Mission Say Hello to Our Team Financial Information NDSS History About ... Events Shop NDSS Home Our Story Mission Say Hello to Our Team Financial Information NDSS History About ...

12 CFR 563.172 - Financial derivatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... underlying assets, indices, or reference rates. The most common types of financial derivatives are futures, forward commitments, options, and swaps. A mortgage derivative security, such as a collateralized mortgage... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial derivatives. 563.172 Section 563.172...

The Impact of a Holistic Conditional Cash Transfer Program in New York City on Parental Financial Investment, Student Time Use, and Educational Processes and Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aber, J. Lawrence; Morris, Pamela; Wolf, Sharon; Berg, Juliette

2016-01-01

This article examines the impacts of Opportunity New York City-Family Rewards, the first holistic conditional cash transfer (CCT) program evaluated in the United States, on parental financial investments in children, and high school students' academic time use, motivations and self-beliefs, and achievement outcomes. Family Rewards, launched by the…

The effect of task demand and incentive on neurophysiological and cardiovascular markers of effort.

PubMed

Fairclough, Stephen H; Ewing, Kate

2017-09-01

According to motivational intensity theory, effort is proportional to the level of task demand provided that success is possible and successful performance is deemed worthwhile. The current study represents a simultaneous manipulation of demand (working memory load) and success importance (financial incentive) to investigate neurophysiological (EEG) and cardiovascular measures of effort. A 2×2 repeated-measures study was conducted where 18 participants performed a n-back task under three conditions of demand: easy (1-back), hard (4-back) and very hard (7-back). In addition, participants performed these tasks in the presence of performance-contingent financial incentive or in a no-incentive (pilot trial) condition. Three bands of EEG activity were quantified: theta (4-7Hz), lower-alpha (7.5-10Hz) and upper-alpha (10.5-13Hz). Fronto-medial activity in the theta band and activity in the upper-alpha band at frontal, central and parietal sites were sensitive to demand and indicated greatest effort when the task was challenging and success was possible. Mean systolic blood pressure and activity in the lower-alpha band at parietal sites were also sensitive to demand but also increased in the incentive condition across all levels of task demand. The results of the study largely support the predictions of motivational intensity using neurophysiological markers of effort. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The financial impacts of the nursing shortage.

PubMed

Rivers, Patrick A; Tsai, Kai-Li; Munchus, George

2005-01-01

This article examines the multiple factors leading to the nursing shortage and the financial impact of the nursing shortage on hospitals and health care providers, the government, society and educational institutions. Nursing shortages have occurred in this country throughout history, however, the current shortage is especially grappling due to the financial condition of the health care system, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the Balanced Budget Act, the compounding conditions that have led up to the shortage and the forecasted health care needs. Many solutions have been proposed to improve the nursing shortage. This article provides recommendations to problem solving methods and discusses some current policy alternatives, including recently enacted "nurse-patient ratio" regulation, demonstrated by California state policy and the "Magnet Certification" program developed by American Nursing Credential Center (ANCC). This article further examines the financial impacts on nursing shortage problem.

Financial technical indicator based on chaotic bagging predictors for adaptive stock selection in Japanese and American markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, Tomoya; Ohkura, Yuushi

2016-01-01

In order to examine the predictability and profitability of financial markets, we introduce three ideas to improve the traditional technical analysis to detect investment timings more quickly. Firstly, a nonlinear prediction model is considered as an effective way to enhance this detection power by learning complex behavioral patterns hidden in financial markets. Secondly, the bagging algorithm can be applied to quantify the confidence in predictions and compose new technical indicators. Thirdly, we also introduce how to select more profitable stocks to improve investment performance by the two-step selection: the first step selects more predictable stocks during the learning period, and then the second step adaptively and dynamically selects the most confident stock showing the most significant technical signal in each investment. Finally, some investment simulations based on real financial data show that these ideas are successful in overcoming complex financial markets.

Assessing the effect of increased managed care on hospitals.

PubMed

Mowll, C A

1998-01-01

This study uses a new relative risk methodology developed by the author to assess and compare certain performance indicators to determine a hospital's relative degree of financial vulnerability, based on its location, to the effects of increased managed care market penetration. The study also compares nine financial measures to determine whether hospital in states with a high degree of managed-care market penetration experience lower levels of profitability, liquidity, debt service, and overall viability than hospitals in low managed care states. A Managed Care Relative Financial Risk Assessment methodology composed of nine measures of hospital financial and utilization performance is used to develop a high managed care state Composite Index and to determine the Relative Financial Risk and the Overall Risk Ratio for hospitals in a particular state. Additionally, financial performance of hospitals in the five highest managed care states is compared to hospitals in the five lowest states. While data from Colorado and Massachusetts indicates that hospital profitability diminishes as the level of managed care market penetration increases, the overall study results indicate that hospitals in high managed care states demonstrate a better cash position and higher profitability than hospitals in low managed care states. Hospitals in high managed care states are, however, more heavily indebted in relation to equity and have a weaker debt service coverage capacity. Moreover, the overall financial health and viability of hospitals in high managed care states is superior to that of hospitals in low managed care states.

Fairness of Financial Contribution in Iranian Health System: Trend Analysis of National Household Income and Expenditure, 2003-2010

PubMed Central

Fazaeli, Amir Abbas; Seyedin, Hesam; Moghaddam, Abbas Vosoogh; Delavari, Alireza; Salimzadeh, H.; Varmazyar, Hasan; Fazaeli, Ali Akbar

2015-01-01

Background: Social systems are dealing with the challenge of achieving fairness in the distribution of financial burden and protecting the risk of financial loss. The purpose of this paper is to present a trend analysis for the indicators related to fairness in healthcare’s financial burden in rural and urban population of Iran during the eight years period of 2003 to 2010. Methods: We used the information gathered by statistical center of Iran through sampling processes for the household income and expenditures. The indicators of fairness in financial contribution of healthcare were calculated based on the WHO recommended methodology. The indices trend analysis of eight-year period for the rural, urban areas and the country level were computed. Results: This study shows that in Iran the fairness of financial contribution index during the eight-year period has been decreased from 0.841 in 2003 to above 0.827 in 2010 and The percentage of people with catastrophic health expenditures has been increased from 2.3% to above 3.1%. The ratio of total treatment costs to the household overall capacity to pay has been increased from 0.055 to 0.068 and from 0.072 to 0.0818 in urban and rural areas respectively. Conclusion: There is a decline in fairness of financial contribution index during the study period. While, a trend stability of the proportion of households who suffered catastrophic health expenditures was found. PMID:26156920

Fairness of Financial Contribution in Iranian Health System: Trend Analysis of National Household Income and Expenditure, 2003-2010.

PubMed

Fazaeli, Amir Abbas; Seyedin, Hesam; Vosoogh Moghaddam, Abbas; Delavari, Alireza; Salimzadeh, H; Varmazyar, Hasan; Fazaeli, Ali Akbar

2015-03-18

Social systems are dealing with the challenge of achieving fairness in the distribution of financial burden and protecting the risk of financial loss. The purpose of this paper is to present a trend analysis for the indicators related to fairness in healthcare's financial burden in rural and urban population of Iran during the eight years period of 2003 to 2010. We used the information gathered by statistical center of Iran through sampling processes for the household income and expenditures. The indicators of fairness in financial contribution of healthcare were calculated based on the WHO recommended methodology. The indices trend analysis of eight-year period for the rural, urban areas and the country level were computed. This study shows that in Iran the fairness of financial contribution index during the eight-year period has been decreased from 0.841 in 2003 to above 0.827 in 2010 and The percentage of people with catastrophic health expenditures has been increased from 2.3% to above 3.1%. The ratio of total treatment costs to the household overall capacity to pay has been increased from 0.055 to 0.068 and from 0.072 to 0.0818 in urban and rural areas respectively. There is a decline in fairness of financial contribution index during the study period. While, a trend stability of the proportion of households who suffered catastrophic health expenditures was found.

Correlates of health and financial literacy in older adults without dementia

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Recent research has begun to recognize the important influence of literacy levels and how they affect health and wellbeing, especially in older adults. Our study focuses on health and financial literacy, two domains of literacy which previous research has suggested may be significantly related to health and wellbeing. Our study examines the relation of health and financial literacy with health promoting behaviors and health status among community-based older persons. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a community-based cohort study of aging in northeastern Illinois. The study consisted of 556 older persons without dementia, each determined by a clinical evaluation. Health and financial literacy were measured using a series of questions designed to assess the ability to understand and process health and financial information, concepts, and numeracy; the two scores were averaged to yield a total literacy score. Health promoting behaviors, including engagement in cognitive, physical, and social activities, were assessed using self report measures. Indicators of heath status, including cognition (global cognition and five specific cognitive abilities), functional status (basic and instrumental activities of daily living, mobility disability), and mental health (depressive symptoms, loneliness) were assessed. Results In a series of regression models adjusted for age, sex, and education, higher total literacy scores were associated with more frequent participation in health promoting behaviors, including cognitive, physical and social activities (all p values <0.05). Higher total literacy scores were associated with higher cognitive function, less disability, and better mental health (all p values < 0.05). Literacy remained associated with health promoting behaviors and health status in fully adjusted models that also controlled for income and the number of chronic medical conditions. Most of the findings were similar for health and financial literacy except that health literacy was more strongly associated with health promoting behaviors whereas financial literacy was more strongly associated with mental health. Conclusions Health and financial literacy are associated with more frequent engagement in health promoting behaviors and better health status in older persons without dementia. PMID:22691341

Correlates of health and financial literacy in older adults without dementia.

PubMed

Bennett, Jarred S; Boyle, Patricia A; James, Bryan D; Bennett, David A

2012-06-12

Recent research has begun to recognize the important influence of literacy levels and how they affect health and wellbeing, especially in older adults. Our study focuses on health and financial literacy, two domains of literacy which previous research has suggested may be significantly related to health and wellbeing. Our study examines the relation of health and financial literacy with health promoting behaviors and health status among community-based older persons. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a community-based cohort study of aging in northeastern Illinois. The study consisted of 556 older persons without dementia, each determined by a clinical evaluation. Health and financial literacy were measured using a series of questions designed to assess the ability to understand and process health and financial information, concepts, and numeracy; the two scores were averaged to yield a total literacy score. Health promoting behaviors, including engagement in cognitive, physical, and social activities, were assessed using self report measures. Indicators of heath status, including cognition (global cognition and five specific cognitive abilities), functional status (basic and instrumental activities of daily living, mobility disability), and mental health (depressive symptoms, loneliness) were assessed. In a series of regression models adjusted for age, sex, and education, higher total literacy scores were associated with more frequent participation in health promoting behaviors, including cognitive, physical and social activities (all p values <0.05). Higher total literacy scores were associated with higher cognitive function, less disability, and better mental health (all p values < 0.05). Literacy remained associated with health promoting behaviors and health status in fully adjusted models that also controlled for income and the number of chronic medical conditions. Most of the findings were similar for health and financial literacy except that health literacy was more strongly associated with health promoting behaviors whereas financial literacy was more strongly associated with mental health. Health and financial literacy are associated with more frequent engagement in health promoting behaviors and better health status in older persons without dementia.

Similarities and Differences in Financial Behaviors of Students and Soldiers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, Mary Bell; Britt, Sonya L.; Goff, Briana Nelson; Archuleta, Kristy L.

2015-01-01

College students and military populations can have many similar yet very different characteristics related to their financial lives. Using social learning theory, this study examined factors that influence financial behavior outcomes of both populations using primary data. Findings indicate past behaviors and some personal factors play a…

A Steady Hand in Uncertain Times

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Frank

2009-01-01

TIAA-CREF, the financial services company that manages retirement portfolios for professionals in academia and other select fields, avoided the heavy losses other financial firms incurred during last fall's financial meltdown. Thus far, the indicators reflect TIAA-CREF's prudent, disciplined investment strategies. From Sept. 30 to Dec. 31, 2008,…

78 FR 36005 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

... Clear Over-the-Counter Index Options on Underlying Indices Published by Standard & Poor's Financial... publishing this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons. \\1\\ 15 U.S.C...-counter (``OTC'') index options on underlying indices published by Standard & Poor's Financial Services...

Financial Indicators of Reduced Impact Logging Performance in Brazil: Case Study Comparisons

Treesearch

Thomas P. Holmes; Frederick Boltz; Douglas R. Carter

2001-01-01

Indicators of financial performance are compared for three case studies in the Brazilian Amazon. Each case study presents parameters obtained from monitoring initial harvest entries into primary forests for reduced impact logging (RIL) and conventional logging (CL) operations. Differences in cost definitions and data collection protocols complicate the analysis, and...

Financing intersectoral health promotion programmes: some reasons why collaborators are collaborating as indicated by cost-effectiveness analyses.

PubMed

Johansson, Pia; Tillgren, Per

2011-03-01

Intersectoral collaboration is an important part of many health promotion programmes. The reasons for the local organisations to collaborate, i.e. to finance programmes, are presumably based on benefits they derive from the collaboration. The aim of this study is to discuss whether subsector financial analyses based on data from cost-effectiveness analyses reflect incentives of collaborating organisations in two intersectoral health promotion programmes. Within economics, financial incentives are important reasons for actions. The financial incentives of collaborators are exemplified with two subsector financial analyses containing avoided disease-related costs as estimated in two cost-effectiveness analyses, on an elderly safety promotion programme (Safe Seniors in Sundbyberg) and on a diabetes prevention programme (Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program, SDPP) from Stockholm, Sweden. The subsector financial analyses indicate that there are financial incentives for the key local community organisation, i.e. the local authority, to collaborate in one of the programmes but not the other. There are no financial benefits for other important community organisations, such as non-governmental organisations. The reasons for collaborating organisations to collaborate within intersectoral health promotion programmes extend beyond financial benefits from averted disease. Thus, the reported subsector financial analyses are only partial reflections of the incentives of collaborators, but they might be used as a starting point for discussions on cost sharing among potential intersectoral collaborators.

A model to determine financial indicators for organic solar cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Powell, Colin; Bender, Timothy; Lawryshyn, Yuri

2009-11-15

Organic solar cells are an emerging photovoltaic technology that is inexpensive and easy to manufacture, despite low efficiency and stability. A model, named TEEOS (Technical and Economic Evaluator for Organic Solar), is presented that evaluates organic solar cells for various solar energy applications in different geographic locations, in terms of two financial indicators, payback period and net present value (NPV). TEEOS uses SMARTS2 software to estimate broadband (280-4000 nm) spectral irradiance data and with the use of a cloud modification factor, predicts hourly irradiation in the absence of actual broadband irradiance data, which is scarce for most urban locations. Bymore » using the avoided cost of electricity, annual savings are calculated which produce the financial indicators. It is hoped that these financial indicators can help guide certain technical decisions regarding the direction of research for organic solar cells, for example, increasing efficiency or increasing the absorptive wavelength range. A sample calculation using solar hats is shown to be uneconomical, but a good example of large-scale organic PV production. (author)« less

Perceived financial difficulties and maladjustment outcomes in adolescence.

PubMed

Fröjd, Sari; Marttunen, Mauri; Pelkonen, Mirjami; von der Pahlen, Bettina; Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu

2006-10-01

Studies using traditional SES indicators in strictly adolescent populations have usually failed to find class differences in adolescent mental health. The present study aimed to find out whether there is an association between adolescent perceived financial difficulties of the family and adolescent maladjustment, and to explore the possible sex differences in this association. School-based survey on 3278 ninth grade students (15-16 years old) in two economically well developed Finnish cities. One-fifth of the adolescents reported that their family had financial difficulties in the previous 12 months. Perceiving financial difficulties was significantly more common among girls than boys. Perceived financial difficulties were associated with known risk factors of poverty and with depression and harmful drinking patterns in both sexes. Adjusting for parental educational levels, parental unemployment and family structure did not change the significant association with maladjustment outcomes. Additional adjustment with comorbidity, however, levelled out the significance of the association of perceived financial difficulties and harmful drinking patterns in boys. While adolescent perception of financial difficulties is probably associated with the objective financial situation of the family it may also be an indicator of the psychological meaning attached to the situation and should thus be considered a possible risk factor for adolescent maladjustment in clinical practice.

17 CFR 240.3b-6 - Liability for certain statements by issuers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... proved oil and gas reserves as set forth in paragraphs 30-34 of Statement of Financial Accounting... Regulation S-K (§ 229.303 of this chapter), “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” Item 5 of Form 20-F (§ 240.220(f) of this chapter), “Operating and Financial...

Recent Financial Gains Helping Farmers Withstand Drought. Agriculture Information Bulletin Number 543.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanson, Gregory; And Others

After nearly half a decade of low income and debt service problems, farm financial conditions began to improve in the mid-1980s. Higher livestock returns, lower production costs, rising land prices, increased lender stability, and fewer tax-driven incentives to borrow and invest are among the factors that eased farm financial stress in 1987. Real…

Wood fueled boiler financial feasibility user's manual

Treesearch

Robert Govett; Scott Bowe; Terry Mace; Steve Hubbard; John (Rusty) Dramm; Richard Bergman

2005-01-01

“Wood Fueled Boiler Financial Feasibility” is a spreadsheet program designed for easy use on a personal computer. This program provides a starting point for interested parties to perform financial feasibility analysis of a steam boiler system for space heating or process heat. By allowing users to input the conditions applicable to their current or proposed fuel...

12 CFR 1730.3 - Periodic disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (a) Each Enterprise shall prepare disclosures relating to its financial condition, results of operation, business developments, and management's expectations that include supporting financial... Banks and Banking OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN...

The Associations of Financial Stress and Parenting Support Factors with Alcohol Behaviors During Young Adulthood

PubMed Central

Lawry, Charles; Li, Gu; Conger, Katherine J.; Russell, Stephen T.

2014-01-01

This study examined concurrent and prospective associations of financial stress (financial strain, lack of financial access, public assistance) and parenting support factors (relationship quality, living at home, financial support) with young adults’ alcohol behaviors (alcohol use, heavy drinking, and problematic drinking) over a 5-year period. Analyses of National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) data (N = 7,159) showed that, over the study period, alcohol use and heavy drinking declined while problematic drinking increased. In addition, living at home and parental relationship quality were associated with fewer concurrent and prospective alcohol behaviors whereas financial strain and parents’ financial support were associated with more alcohol behaviors. The implications for minimizing alcohol misuse in young adults amid uncertain economic conditions are discussed. PMID:26388681

Reading and understanding financial statements.

PubMed

White, Joseph P

2005-01-01

Feeling comfortable reading and understanding financial statements is critical to the success of healthcare executives and physicians involved in management. Businesses use three primary financial statements: a balance sheet represents the equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity; an income statement represents the equation, Revenues - Expenses = Net Income; a statement of cash flows reports all sources and uses of cash during the represented period. The balance sheet expresses financial indicators at one particular moment in time, whereas the income statement and the statement of cash flows show activity that occurred over a stretch of time. Additional information is disclosed in attached footnotes and other supplementary materials. There are two ways to prepare financial statements. Cash-basis accounting recognizes revenue when it is received and expenses when they are paid. Accrual-basis accounting recognizes revenue when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred. Although cash-basis is acceptable, periodically using the accrual method reveals important information about receivables and liabilities that could otherwise remain hidden. Become more engaged with your financial statements by spending time reading them, tracking key performance indicators, and asking accountants and financial advisors questions. This will help you better understand your business and build a successful future.

Financial statistics of major U.S. publicly owned electric utilities 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-12-01

The 1997 edition of the ``Financial Statistics of Major U.S. Publicly Owned Electric Utilities`` publication presents 5 years (1993 through 1997) of summary financial data and current year detailed financial data on the major publicly owned electric utilities. The objective of the publication is to provide Federal and State governments, industry, and the general public with current and historical data that can be used for policymaking and decisionmaking purposes related to publicly owned electric utility issues. Generator (Tables 3 through 11) and nongenerator (Tables 12 through 20) summaries are presented in this publication. Five years of summary financial data aremore » provided (Tables 5 through 11 and 14 through 20). Summaries of generators for fiscal years ending June 30 and December 31, nongenerators for fiscal years ending June 30 and December 31, and summaries of all respondents are provided in Appendix C. The composite tables present aggregates of income statement and balance sheet data, as well as financial indicators. Composite tables also display electric operation and maintenance expenses, electric utility plant, number of consumers, sales of electricity, operating revenue, and electric energy account data. The primary source of publicly owned financial data is the Form EIA-412, ``Annual Report of Public Electric Utilities.`` Public electric utilities file this survey on a fiscal year basis, in conformance with their recordkeeping practices. The EIA undertook a review of the Form EIA-412 submissions to determine if alternative classifications of publicly owned electric utilities would permit the inclusion of all respondents. The review indicated that financial indicators differ most according to whether or not a publicly owned electric utility generates electricity. Therefore, the main body of the report provides summary information in generator/nongenerator classifications. 2 figs., 101 tabs.« less

Coming of Age on a Shoestring Budget: Financial Capability and Financial Behaviors of Lower-Income Millennials.

PubMed

West, Stacia; Friedline, Terri

2016-10-01

Lower-income millennials make important financial decisions that may affect their future financial well-being. With limited resources, this population is at risk for acquiring too much debt or being unprepared for a financial emergency that can send them further into poverty and constrain their ability to leverage resources for future economic mobility. A financial capability approach, an intervention that combines financial education with financial inclusion through the use of a savings account, may correlate with millennials’ healthy financial behaviors. This study used data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study to examine the relationship between financial capability and the financial behaviors of lower-income millennials between the ages of 18 and 34 years (N = 2,578). Compared with those lower-income millennials who were financially excluded, those who were financially capable were also 171 percent more likely to afford an unexpected expense, 182 percent more likely to save for emergencies, and 34 percent less likely to carry too much debt, relating to their greater overall financial satisfaction. The findings of this study indicate that interventions that develop lower-income millennials’ financial capability may be effective for promoting healthy financial behaviors.

America's Most Financially Disadvantaged School Districts and How They Got That Way: How State and Local Governance Causes School Funding Disparities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Bruce D.

2014-01-01

This report explores some of the most financially disadvantaged school districts in the country and identifies a typology of conditions that have created or reinforced their disadvantage. This report looks at why this happens--and what can be done about it. First, this report lays out a typology of conditions that lead to severe fiscal…

Assessing College Student Subjective and Objective Knowledge in an Online Financial Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowles, Charity

2017-01-01

Purpose: This purpose of this correlational study using Joo's (2008) financial wellness framework was to determine the impact of an online financial literacy workshop on student subjective knowledge, dependent on indicators of stress, behavior, and objective knowledge, when controlling for demographic differences at a large public university.…

Are Graduating Students Ready for Financial Aspects of Social Work Practice?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Birkenmaier, Julie M.; Loke, Vernon; Hageman, Sally A.

2016-01-01

Graduating students must be prepared with knowledge and skills for the financial aspects of social work practice. This study examines graduating students' attitudes and perceptions about client finances, as well as their financial knowledge. Internet survey results (n = 116) of BSW and MSW graduating students indicate that respondents (a) perceive…

The next $120,000: a case study to illustrate analysis of alternative farm investments in fixed assets.

PubMed

St-Pierre, N R; Shoemaker, D; Jones, L R

2000-05-01

Dairy scientists specializing in the area of farm management are increasingly involved in analysis of farm investments in fixed assets. There have been instances where the wrong procedures were used to assess investments in fixed assets, leading to erroneous and possibly disastrous conclusions. A detailed case study of a dairy farm facing the decision of where best to invest an unexpected $120,000 windfall is used to illustrate the various facets of financial analysis. Indicators of profitability, liquidity, solvency, repayment capacity, and financial efficiency are explained and applied to the farm case to produce a detailed analysis of the current financial position of the firm. Long-range budgets of four alternate investment options and their impact on all financial indicators are presented. The four options are: 1) to pay down debt, 2) to purchase an additional 100 cows, 3) to install automatic milk yield recording in the parlor, and 4) to build new heifer facilities. All four investments are profitable. Therefore, an analysis limited to profitability indicators would conclude that any of the four options is a good investment. However, liquidity and financial efficiency issues showed that the option of purchasing 100 cows is far superior to the three others. We conclude that a complete and thorough financial analysis is required to evaluate the impact of long-run investments in fixed assets.

Feasibility of Federal assistance for urban mass transportation operating costs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-11-01

The contents of the report include the present financial and operating condition of urban mass transportation; the present financial assistance programs for urban mass transportation; an analysis of alternative federal assistance programs; and the se...

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: Note on Two-Phase Phenomena in Financial Markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Shi-Mei; Cai, Shi-Min; Zhou, Tao; Zhou, Pei-Ling

2008-06-01

The two-phase behaviour in financial markets actually means the bifurcation phenomenon, which represents the change of the conditional probability from an unimodal to a bimodal distribution. We investigate the bifurcation phenomenon in Hang-Seng index. It is observed that the bifurcation phenomenon in financial index is not universal, but specific under certain conditions. For Hang-Seng index and randomly generated time series, the phenomenon just emerges when the power-law exponent of absolute increment distribution is between 1 and 2 with appropriate period. Simulations on a randomly generated time series suggest the bifurcation phenomenon itself is subject to the statistics of absolute increment, thus it may not be able to reflect essential financial behaviours. However, even under the same distribution of absolute increment, the range where bifurcation phenomenon occurs is far different from real market to artificial data, which may reflect certain market information.

Education in Rural and City School Systems: Some Statistical Indices for 1947-48. Circular 329.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Rose Marie

Nine comparative indices present both financial and non-financial statistics for rural and urban public elementary and secondary schools in 36 states and for all 36 states combined. The 1947-48 data cover the average salary of the instructional staff, instructional expenditure per pupil, total current expenditure per pupil, capital outlay per…

A multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of financial market efficiency: Comparison using Dow Jones sector ETF indices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiwari, Aviral Kumar; Albulescu, Claudiu Tiberiu; Yoon, Seong-Min

2017-10-01

This study challenges the efficient market hypothesis, relying on the Dow Jones sector Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) indices. For this purpose, we use the generalized Hurst exponent and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) methods, using daily data over the timespan from 2000 to 2015. We compare the sector ETF indices in terms of market efficiency between short- and long-run horizons, small and large fluctuations, and before and after the global financial crisis (GFC). Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, there is clear evidence that the sector ETF markets are multifractal in nature. We also find a crossover in the multifractality of sector ETF market dynamics. Second, the utilities and consumer goods sector ETF markets are more efficient compared with the financial and telecommunications sector ETF markets, in terms of price prediction. Third, there are noteworthy discrepancies in terms of market efficiency, between the short- and long-term horizons. Fourth, the ETF market efficiency is considerably diminished after the global financial crisis.

76 FR 7091 - Notice of Intent To Require Reporting Forms for Savings and Loan Holding Companies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-08

... title: Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies. Agency form number: FR Y-9C, FR Y-9LP, FR Y-9SP... financial statements for the consolidated BHC and the parent holding company only. The FR Y-9 family of... condition to ensure safe and sound operations. The FR Y-9C consists of standardized financial statements...

A comparative financial analysis of multi-institutional organizations by ownership type.

PubMed

Coyne, J S

1985-01-01

Concern about future directions in healthcare exists, with corporate consolidation seen as likely and necessary. To understand this transformation, the author examines the financial growth trends among the nation's leading corporate providers. Investor-owned (IO) and not-for-profit (NFP) firms are compared using audited data on four financial accounts (assets, debt, equity and income) and three financial ratios (liquidity, leverage, and profitability). The author analyzes financial trends from 1978 to 1982 and looks beyond the significant differences in the balance sheet and income statement accounts to a significant similarity in ratio trends between the NFP and the IO firms' financial conditions. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of future forms of corporate providers.

The Lexis plot for run-off non-life insurance companies in United Kingdom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsudin, Humaida Banu

2014-06-01

This study is intended to look at the company's age to be one of the predictor for financially distressed non-life insurance companies in United Kingdom. Financial distress is a condition where a company has difficulty paying off its obligations to its creditors. For this study, Lexis plot is used to identify either younger companies or older companies are in run-off. Run-off is a process where many insurance companies stop underwriting policies long before they reach financial crisis or financial distress. The study utilises financial data of 22 years from year 1985 to year 2006 for 397 companies. From the study, it is identified that younger companies are more in financial distress than older companies.

The evolution analysis of listed companies co-holding non-listed financial companies based on two-mode heterogeneous networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, Pengli; Li, Huajiao; Zhou, Jinsheng; Chen, Fan

2017-10-01

Complex network theory is a widely used tool in the empirical research of financial markets. Two-mode and multi-mode networks are new trends and represent new directions in that they can more accurately simulate relationships between entities. In this paper, we use data for Chinese listed companies holding non-listed financial companies over a ten-year period to construct two networks: a two-mode primitive network in which listed companies and non-listed financial companies are considered actors and events, respectively, and a one-mode network that is constructed based on the decreasing-mode method in which listed companies are considered nodes. We analyze the evolution of the listed company co-holding network from several perspectives, including that of the whole network, of information control ability, of implicit relationships, of community division and of small-world characteristics. The results of the analysis indicate that (1) China's developing stock market affects the share-holding condition of listed companies holding non-listed financial companies; (2) the information control ability of co-holding networks is focused on a few listed companies and the implicit relationship of investment preference between listed companies is determined by the co-holding behavior; (3) the community division of the co-holding network is increasingly obvious, as determined by the investment preferences among listed companies; and (4) the small-world characteristics of the co-holding network are increasingly obvious, resulting in reduced communication costs. In this paper, we conduct an evolution analysis and develop an understanding of the factors that influence the listed companies co-holding network. This study will help illuminate research on evolution analysis.

Financial and nonfinancial burden among families of CSHCN: changes between 2001 and 2009-2010.

PubMed

Ghandour, Reem M; Hirai, Ashley H; Blumberg, Stephen J; Strickland, Bonnie B; Kogan, Michael D

2014-01-01

We use the latest data to explore multiple dimensions of financial burden among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and their families in 2009-2010 and changes since 2001. Five burden indicators were assessed using the 2001 and 2009-2010 National Surveys of CSHCN: past-year health-related out-of-pocket expenses of ≥$1,000 or ≥ 3% of household income; perceived financial problems; changes in family employment; and >10 hours of weekly care provision/coordination. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence estimates were used to assess burden in 2009-2010 and calculate absolute and relative measures of change since 2001. Prevalence rate ratios for each burden type in 2009-2010 compared to 2001 were estimated by logistic regression. Nearly half of CSHCN and their families experienced some form of burden in 2009-2010. The percentage of CSHCN living in families that paid ≥$1,000 or ≥ 3% of household income out of pocket for health care rose 120% and 35%, respectively, between 2001 and 2009-2010, while the prevalence of caregiving and employment burdens declined. Relative to 2001, in 2009-2010, CSHCN who were privately insured or least affected by their conditions were 1.7 times as likely to live in families that paid ≥ 3% of household income out of pocket, while publicly insured children were 20% less likely to do so and those most severely affected were 12% more likely to do so. Over the past decade, increases in financial burden and declines in employment and caregiving burdens were observed for CSHCN families. Public insurance expansions may have buffered increases in financial burden, yet disparities persist. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Financial and Nonfinancial Burden Among Families of CSHCN: Changes Between 2001 and 2009–2010

PubMed Central

Ghandour, Reem M.; Hirai, Ashley H.; Blumberg, Stephen J.; Strickland, Bonnie B.; Kogan, Michael D.

2016-01-01

Objective We use the latest data to explore multiple dimensions of financial burden among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and their families in 2009–2010 and changes since 2001. Methods Five burden indicators were assessed using the 2001 and 2009–2010 National Surveys of CSHCN: past-year health-related out-of-pocket expenses of ≥$1,000 or ≥3% of household income; perceived financial problems; changes in family employment; and >10 hours of weekly care provision/coordination. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence estimates were used to assess burden in 2009–2010 and calculate absolute and relative measures of change since 2001. Prevalence rate ratios for each burden type in 2009–2010 compared to 2001 were estimated by logistic regression. Results Nearly half of CSHCN and their families experienced some form of burden in 2009–2010. The percentage of CSHCN living in families that paid ≥$1,000 or ≥3% of household income out of pocket for health care rose 120% and 35%, respectively, between 2001 and 2009–2010, while the prevalence of caregiving and employment burdens declined. Relative to 2001, in 2009–2010, CSHCN who were privately insured or least affected by their conditions were 1.7 times as likely to live in families that paid ≥3% of household income out of pocket, while publicly insured children were 20% less likely to do so and those most severely affected were 12% more likely to do so. Conclusions Over the past decade, increases in financial burden and declines in employment and caregiving burdens were observed for CSHCN families. Public insurance expansions may have buffered increases in financial burden, yet disparities persist. PMID:24369874

Conditional dynamics driving financial markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boguñá, M.; Masoliver, J.

2004-08-01

We revisit the problem of daily correlations in speculative prices and report empirical evidences on the existence of what we term a conditional or dual dynamics driving the evolution of financial assets. This dynamics is detected in several markets around the world and for different historical periods. In particular, we have analyzed the DJIA database from 1900 to 2002 as well as 65 companies trading in the LIFFE market of futures and 12 of the major European and American treasury bonds. In all cases, we find a twofold dynamics driving the financial evolution depending on whether the previous price went up or down. We conjecture that this effect is universal and intrinsic to all markets.

Is Trust for Sale? The Effectiveness of Financial Compensation for Repairing Competence- versus Integrity-Based Trust Violations.

PubMed

Haesevoets, Tessa; Reinders Folmer, Chris; Van Hiel, Alain

2015-01-01

Despite the popularity of financial compensation as a means for addressing trust violations, the question whether (more) money can indeed buy trust back remains largely unexplored. In the present research, we focus on the role of violation type and compensation size. The results of a scenario study and a laboratory experiment show that financial compensation can effectively promote the restoration of trust for transgressions that indicate a lack of competence. Conversely, for transgressions which signal a lack of integrity, financial compensation is not an effective tool to repair trust. Moreover, our findings indicate that for both violation types, overcompensation has no positive effects on top of the impact of equal compensation. These findings therefore show that when it comes to trust, money cannot buy everything.

Financial and employment problems in families of children with special health care needs: implications for research and practice.

PubMed

Looman, Wendy S; O'Conner-Von, Susan K; Ferski, Gabriela J; Hildenbrand, Debra A

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to financial burden among families of children with special needs and to identify specific provider-level activities associated with decreased risk for such burden. Data for secondary analysis are from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN). Logistic regression analysis of state-level data was conducted to identify significant predictors of financial and employment problems among families of children with SHCN in Minnesota. Children with more severe conditions and whose family members provided health care at home were more likely to have parents report financial and employment problems due to the child's condition. On the other hand, families whose health care providers communicated well with other service providers and who helped them feel like partners in their child's care were significantly less likely to report financial and employment problems. Pediatric nurses and nurse practitioners can use these findings as they work with families for optimal family outcomes. Advocacy and policy implications at state and federal levels also are discussed.

The financial performance of rural hospitals and implications for elimination of the Critical Access Hospital program.

PubMed

Holmes, George M; Pink, George H; Friedman, Sarah A

2013-01-01

To compare the financial performance of rural hospitals with Medicare payment provisions to those paid under prospective payment and to estimate the financial consequences of elimination of the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) program. Financial data for 2004-2010 were collected from the Healthcare Cost Reporting Information System (HCRIS) for rural hospitals. HCRIS data were used to calculate measures of the profitability, liquidity, capital structure, and financial strength of rural hospitals. Linear mixed models accounted for the method of Medicare reimbursement, time trends, hospital, and market characteristics. Simulations were used to estimate profitability of CAHs if they reverted to prospective payment. CAHs generally had lower unadjusted financial performance than other types of rural hospitals, but after adjustment for hospital characteristics, CAHs had generally higher financial performance. Special payment provisions by Medicare to rural hospitals are important determinants of financial performance. In particular, the financial condition of CAHs would be worse if they were paid under prospective payment. © 2012 National Rural Health Association.

Relationship between Community Collectivization and Financial Vulnerability of Female Sex Workers in Southern India.

PubMed

Patel, Sangram Kishor; Prabhakar, Parimi; Jain, Anrudh Kumar; Saggurti, Niranjan; Adhikary, Rajatashuvra

2016-01-01

Studies exploring the linkages between financial vulnerabilities and community collectivization of female sex workers (FSWs) are scarce in India despite having potential policy implications. To fill this gap in the literature, this study attempts to understand the financial vulnerabilities among FSWs and assess the relationship between community collectivization and financial vulnerabilities in southern India. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional, behavioral tracking survey (BTS)-2014, conducted among FSWs (N = 2400) in Andhra Pradesh, a southern state of India under the Avahan-India AIDS initiative program. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through multivariate logistic regression, to assess the independent relationships of the degree of community collectivization indicators with financial vulnerability indicators, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Most FSWs (87%) reported having either one or more financial vulnerability and nearly one-fifth had a high financial vulnerability. The risk of facing financial vulnerability was significantly lower among FSWs with a high degree of perceived collective efficacy (15% vs 31%; AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.5) and collective agency (4% vs 21%; AOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.3) as compared to their respective counterparts, after controlling for their individual socio-demographic characteristics. FSWs with a high degree of collective efficacy are also less likely to report different components of financial vulnerability (e.g. income, saving, expenditure, and debt). This study finding suggests that community-led interventions such as improving collectivization are promising strategies to address financial vulnerabilities and a path to a sustainable reduction of HIV risk. This study calls for further evidence-based research and measurement of the effects of community-led approaches in addressing the financial vulnerabilities of the key population at risk for HIV.

12 CFR 1777.28 - Appointment of conservator for a significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... appointment of a conservator would have serious adverse effects on economic conditions of national financial markets or on the financial stability of the housing finance market; and (ii) The public interest would be...

Report: Fiscal 2004 and 2003 Financial Statements for the Pesticides Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report #2005-1-00081, May 4, 2005. We identified the following reportable conditions: We could not assess the adequacy of automated controls. EPA needs to improve financial statement preparation and quality control.

75 FR 9185 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-01

...: * * * * * SYSTEM LOCATION: Delete entry and replace with ``Financial Services and Accounting Division, Accounting... Services and Accounting Division, Accounting Operations Branch, Headquarters, Defense Logistics Agency... collection process, documents furnished by individual concerning financial condition, personnel actions, and...

Questionable hospital financial relationships with physicians.

PubMed

Mustard, Lewis W

2009-01-01

Hospital and physician financial relationships are coming under even more scrutiny by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Office of Inspector General. Clearly, CMS intends to audit vastly more hospital-physician financial relationships as part of Stark compliance. CMS has already begun sending a Disclosure of Financial Relationship Report to 400 hospitals as part of enforcing the Deficit Reduction Act. Those hospitals that do not respond truthfully and promptly may be subject to noncompliance with a Medicare condition of participation and therefore ineligible to participate in the Medicare and Medicaid Programs.

The measurement of maintenance function efficiency through financial KPIs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galar, D.; Parida, A.; Kumar, U.; Baglee, D.; Morant, A.

2012-05-01

The measurement of the performance in the maintenance function has produced large sets of indicators that due to their nature and disparity in criteria and objectives have been grouped in different subsets lately, emphasizing the set of financial indicators. The generation of these indicators demands data collection of high reliability that is only made possible through a model of costs adapted to the special casuistry of the maintenance function, characterized by the occultism of these costs.

Redesigning financial management education for the nursing administration graduate student.

PubMed

Lemire, J A

2000-04-01

The changes and expansion in the nurse administrator role indicate a need for a specialized body of financial knowledge and skills for making system focused decisions that integrate the clinical and business aspects of healthcare. A survey of nurse administrators and chief executive officers showed high agreement on the important financial management concepts to the nurse administrator role. A graduate level financial management course that includes concepts for course content and practice applications is proposed.

Out-of-pocket expenditure and financial protection in the Chilean health care system-A systematic review.

PubMed

Koch, Kira Johanna; Cid Pedraza, Camilo; Schmid, Andreas

2017-05-01

Protection against financial risk due to medical spending is an explicit health guarantee within Chile's AUGE health reform. This paper seeks to analyze the degree to which out-of-pocket expenditure still expose Chilean households to financial catastrophe and impoverishment, and to explore inequalities in financial protection. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify empirical studies analyzing financial protection in Chile. The search included databases as well as grey literature, i.e. governmental and institutional webpages. The indicators are based on the conceptual framework of financial protection, as portrayed in the World Health Report 2013. We identify n=16 studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria. Empirical studies indicate that 4% of Chilean households faced catastrophic health expenditure defined as out-of-pocket expenditure exceeding 30% of household's capacity to pay, while less than 1% were pushed into poverty in 2012. In contrast to prior studies, recent data report that even publicly insured who should be fully protected from co-payments were affected by catastrophic health expenditure. Also in the private insurance system financial catastrophe is a common risk. Despite health reform efforts, financial protection is insufficient and varies to the disadvantage of the poor and vulnerable groups. More research is required to understand why current mechanisms are not as effective as expected and to enable according reforms of the insurance system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Five Fundamentals of Financial Health--Guidelines for Building Financial Strength.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brower, Mary R.; Sull, Theresa M.

2003-01-01

Identifies five fundamental indicators of good financial management for child care programs. Offers composites of child care program experiences to illustrate these fundamentals: enrollment at capacity with a waiting list, tuition based on full cost of care, family fees paid on time, program's bills and taxes paid on time, and a cash reserve in…

Internal Control Environment Forces and Financial Reporting Decisions Made by Financial Accountants. The 1999 Delta Pi Epsilon Doctoral Research Award.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

D'Aquila, Jill M.

2000-01-01

Responses from 188 certified public accountants indicated that those who perceived an organizational tone fostering ethical behavior were more likely to report financial information fairly. When presented with six ethical dilemmas, they made decisions that resulted in misrepresented information for an average of 1.5 dilemmas. (SK)

Can Students Learn Economics and Personal Finance in a Specialized Elementary School?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Posnanski, Tracy J.; Schug, Mark C.; Schmitt, Thomas

2007-01-01

Statistics from a number of surveys indicate there is a high rate of economic and financial illiteracy in the United States. Several other studies have pointed out that problems related to the widespread lack of economic and financial understanding have serious consequences on the future economic well-being of many citizens. Financial and economic…

Effect of Personal Financial Knowledge on College Students' Credit Card Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robb, Cliff A.; Sharpe, Deanna L.

2009-01-01

Analysis of survey data collected from 6,520 students at a large Midwestern University affirmed that financial knowledge is a significant factor in the credit card decisions of college students but not entirely in expected ways. Results of a double hurdle analysis indicated that students with relatively higher levels of financial knowledge were…

Financing Study Abroad: An Exploration of the Influence of Financial Factors on Student Study Abroad Patterns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whatley, Melissa

2017-01-01

This study examines the role of financial aid variables, namely, student loan and grant amounts, expected family contribution, and financial need, on the decision to study abroad among students in the University System of Georgia. Findings indicate that, generally, student loans negatively influence the likelihood of a student studying abroad…

Simulating the Effects of Financial Aid Packages on College Student Stopout, Reenrollment Spells, and Graduation Chances

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DesJardins, Stephen L.; McCall, Brian P.

2010-01-01

This study investigates the impact that different financial aid packages have on student stopout, reenrollment, and graduation probabilities. The authors simulate how various financial aid packaging regimes affect the occurrence and timing of these events. Their findings indicate that the number and duration of enrollment and stopout spells affect…

Financial strain and cognitive-based smoking processes: The explanatory role of depressive symptoms among adult daily smokers.

PubMed

Robles, Zuzuky; Anjum, Sahar; Garey, Lorra; Kauffman, Brooke Y; Rodríguez-Cano, Rubén; Langdon, Kirsten J; Neighbors, Clayton; Reitzel, Lorraine R; Zvolensky, Michael J

2017-07-01

Little work has focused on the underlying mechanisms that may link financial strain and smoking processes. The current study tested the hypothesis that financial strain would exert an indirect effect on cognitive-based smoking processes via depressive symptoms. Three clinically significant dependent variables linked to the maintenance of smoking were evaluated: negative affect reduction motives, negative mood abstinence expectancies, and perceived barriers for quitting. Participants included 102 adult daily smokers (M age =33.0years, SD=13.60; 35.3% female) recruited from the community to participate in a self-guided (unaided; no psychological or pharmacological intervention) smoking cessation study. Results indicated that depressive symptoms explain, in part, the relation between financial strain and smoking motives for negative affect reduction, negative mood abstinence expectancies, and perceived barriers for quitting. Results indicate that smoking interventions for individuals with high levels of financial strain may potentially benefit from the addition of therapeutic tactics aimed at reducing depression. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quantifying complexity of financial short-term time series by composite multiscale entropy measure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niu, Hongli; Wang, Jun

2015-05-01

It is significant to study the complexity of financial time series since the financial market is a complex evolved dynamic system. Multiscale entropy is a prevailing method used to quantify the complexity of a time series. Due to its less reliability of entropy estimation for short-term time series at large time scales, a modification method, the composite multiscale entropy, is applied to the financial market. To qualify its effectiveness, its applications in the synthetic white noise and 1 / f noise with different data lengths are reproduced first in the present paper. Then it is introduced for the first time to make a reliability test with two Chinese stock indices. After conducting on short-time return series, the CMSE method shows the advantages in reducing deviations of entropy estimation and demonstrates more stable and reliable results when compared with the conventional MSE algorithm. Finally, the composite multiscale entropy of six important stock indices from the world financial markets is investigated, and some useful and interesting empirical results are obtained.

Insurance coverage and financial burden for families of children with special health care needs.

PubMed

Chen, Alex Y; Newacheck, Paul W

2006-01-01

To examine the role of insurance coverage in protecting families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) from the financial burden associated with care. Data from the 2001 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs were analyzed. We built 2 multivariate regression models by using "work loss/cut back" and "experiencing financial problems" as the dependent variables, and insurance status as the primary independent variable of interest while adjusting for income, race/ethnicity, functional limitation/severity, and other sociodemographic predictors. Approximately 29.9% of CSHCN live in families where their condition led parents to report cutting back on work or stopping work completely. Families of 20.9% of CSHCN reported experiencing financial difficulties due to the child's condition. Insurance coverage significantly reduced the likelihood of financial problems for families at every income level. The proportion of families experiencing financial problems was reduced from 35.7% to 23.0% for the poor and 44.9% to 24.5% for low-income families with continuous insurance coverage (P < .01 for both comparisons). Similarly, the proportion of parents having to cut back or stop work was reduced from 42.8% to 35.9% for the poor (P < .05) and 43.5% to 33.9% for low-income families (P < .01). Continuous health insurance coverage provides protection from financial burden and hardship for families of CSHCN in all income groups. This evidence is supportive of policies designed to promote universal coverage for CSHCN. However, many poor and low-income families continue to experience work loss and financial problems despite insurance coverage. Hence, health insurance should not be viewed as a solution in itself, but instead as one element of a comprehensive strategy to provide financial safety for families with CSHCN.

A qualitative comparative analysis of well-managed school sanitation in Bangladesh

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Continued management of sanitation and hygiene services, post-intervention, is a global challenge, particularly in the school-setting. This situation threatens anticipated impacts of school sanitation and hygiene investments. To improve programming and policies, and increase the effectiveness of limited development resources, we seek to understand how and why some schools have well-managed sanitation post-intervention, while others do not. Methods Based on in-depth qualitative data from 16 case schools in Meherpur, Bangladesh, we employ fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions, or combinations of conditions (referred to as pathways), that lead to either well-managed or poorly managed school sanitation. We include posited sustainability determinants from the literature and factors that emerged from the cases themselves in the analysis. Results We identified three distinct pathways sufficient to support well-managed services, providing multiple options for how well-managed school sanitation could be encouraged. Two of these are applicable to both government and non-government schools: (1) quality construction, financial community support and a champion; and (2) quality construction, financial government support, a maintenance plan and school management committee involvement. On-going financial support for operations and maintenance was identified as a necessary condition for continued service management, which was absent from many schools with poorly managed services. However, financial support was insufficient alone and other conditions are needed in conjunction, including quality construction and incentivizing conditions, such as school management committee involvement in sanitation specifically, a sanitation champion, and/or one teacher clearly responsible for toilet maintenance. Surprisingly, the number of students per toilet (ranging from 18–95 students) and toilet age (ranging from 8–32 months) had no significant effect on sanitation conditions. Conclusions Findings corroborate those from a similar study in Belize, and comparison suggests the need for financial community support and the possibly tenuous reliance on local champions in the absence of adequate government support for operations and maintenance. Sub-determinants to the necessary conditions are also discussed which have implications for school sanitation in Bangladesh and may have broader relevance for other low-income countries though further research is needed. PMID:24397540

A qualitative comparative analysis of well-managed school sanitation in Bangladesh.

PubMed

Chatterley, Christie; Javernick-Will, Amy; Linden, Karl G; Alam, Kawser; Bottinelli, Laure; Venkatesh, Mohini

2014-01-08

Continued management of sanitation and hygiene services, post-intervention, is a global challenge, particularly in the school-setting. This situation threatens anticipated impacts of school sanitation and hygiene investments. To improve programming and policies, and increase the effectiveness of limited development resources, we seek to understand how and why some schools have well-managed sanitation post-intervention, while others do not. Based on in-depth qualitative data from 16 case schools in Meherpur, Bangladesh, we employ fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions, or combinations of conditions (referred to as pathways), that lead to either well-managed or poorly managed school sanitation. We include posited sustainability determinants from the literature and factors that emerged from the cases themselves in the analysis. We identified three distinct pathways sufficient to support well-managed services, providing multiple options for how well-managed school sanitation could be encouraged. Two of these are applicable to both government and non-government schools: (1) quality construction, financial community support and a champion; and (2) quality construction, financial government support, a maintenance plan and school management committee involvement. On-going financial support for operations and maintenance was identified as a necessary condition for continued service management, which was absent from many schools with poorly managed services. However, financial support was insufficient alone and other conditions are needed in conjunction, including quality construction and incentivizing conditions, such as school management committee involvement in sanitation specifically, a sanitation champion, and/or one teacher clearly responsible for toilet maintenance. Surprisingly, the number of students per toilet (ranging from 18-95 students) and toilet age (ranging from 8-32 months) had no significant effect on sanitation conditions. Findings corroborate those from a similar study in Belize, and comparison suggests the need for financial community support and the possibly tenuous reliance on local champions in the absence of adequate government support for operations and maintenance. Sub-determinants to the necessary conditions are also discussed which have implications for school sanitation in Bangladesh and may have broader relevance for other low-income countries though further research is needed.

12 CFR 998.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... institutions who raise funds in the global debt markets. ... EQUITY SECURITIES § 998.1 Purpose. The purposes of this part are to enhance the quality of the financial... disclosures from Bank to Bank, to provide a greater degree of transparency regarding the financial condition...

78 FR 17766 - Interagency Guidance on Leveraged Lending

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-22

..., Board, and FDIC that engage in leveraged lending activities. The number of community banks with substantial involvement in leveraged lending is small; therefore, the agencies generally expect community... potential impact of stressful events and circumstances on borrowers' financial condition. Recent financial...

12 CFR 1805.800 - Safety and soundness.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Banks and Banking COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FUND, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM Terms and Conditions of Assistance § 1805.800 Safety and soundness. (a) Regulated institutions. Nothing in this part, or in an Assistance Agreement, shall...

12 CFR 1730.3 - Periodic disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Banks and Banking OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION § 1730.3 Periodic disclosures. (a) Each Enterprise shall prepare disclosures relating to its financial condition, results of...

12 CFR 1730.3 - Periodic disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Banks and Banking OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION § 1730.3 Periodic disclosures. (a) Each Enterprise shall prepare disclosures relating to its financial condition, results of...

12 CFR 1730.3 - Periodic disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Banks and Banking OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION § 1730.3 Periodic disclosures. (a) Each Enterprise shall prepare disclosures relating to its financial condition, results of...

Brownfields Davis Bacon for Cleanup Grants: Petroleum for Government Entities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Terms & conditions specify how Recipients will assist EPA in meeting its Davis Bacon responsibilities when DB applies to EPA awards of financial assistance under the Recovery Act or any other statute which makes DB applicable to EPA financial assistance.

Brownfields Davis Bacon for Cleanup Grants: Hazardous Substances for Government Entities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The following terms and conditions specify how Recipients will assist EPA in meeting its Davis-Bacon (DB) responsibilities when DB applies to EPA awards of financial assistance under any statute which makes DB applicable to EPA financial assistance.

Legitimacy and status groups in financial markets.

PubMed

Preda, Alex

2005-09-01

Economic sociologists have argued that financial markets should be analysed as uncertainty-processing social networks and intermediary groups. Networks and intermediaries alone cannot confer legitimacy upon financial actors and transactions. Status groups are a solution to this problem. They emphasize reputation, honour and good social behaviour as stabilizers of collective action, as means of social control and as indicators of legitimacy. I examine here the emergence and evolution of status groups of brokers in London, New York and Paris, and show how emphasis on honour was used to legitimize financial transactions. I argue that financial markets should be conceived as networks, intermediary and status groups. In global, automated financial markets status groups like securities analysts are gaining in prominence.

A multi-product green supply chain under government supervision with price and demand uncertainty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hafezalkotob, Ashkan; Zamani, Soma

2018-05-01

In this paper, a bi-level game-theoretic model is proposed to investigate the effects of governmental financial intervention on green supply chain. This problem is formulated as a bi-level program for a green supply chain that produces various products with different environmental pollution levels. The problem is also regard uncertainties in market demand and sale price of raw materials and products. The model is further transformed into a single-level nonlinear programming problem by replacing the lower-level optimization problem with its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions. Genetic algorithm is applied as a solution methodology to solve nonlinear programming model. Finally, to investigate the validity of the proposed method, the computational results obtained through genetic algorithm are compared with global optimal solution attained by enumerative method. Analytical results indicate that the proposed GA offers better solutions in large size problems. Also, we conclude that financial intervention by government consists of green taxation and subsidization is an effective method to stabilize green supply chain members' performance.

Investigating Long-Range Dependence in American Treasury Bills Variations and Volatilities during Stable and Unstable Periods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lahmiri, Salim

2016-05-01

Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is used to examine long-range dependence in variations and volatilities of American treasury bills (TB) during periods of low and high movements in TB rates. Volatility series are estimated by generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model under Gaussian, Student, and the generalized error distribution (GED) assumptions. The DFA-based Hurst exponents from 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year TB data indicates that in general the dynamics of the TB variations process is characterized by persistence during stable time period (before 2008 international financial crisis) and anti-persistence during unstable time period (post-2008 international financial crisis). For volatility series, it is found that; for stable period; 3-month volatility process is more likely random, 6-month volatility process is anti-persistent, and 1-year volatility process is persistent. For unstable period, estimation results show that the generating process is persistent for all maturities and for all distributional assumptions.

Does literacy improve finance?

PubMed

Poon, Martha; Olen, Helaine

2015-04-01

When economists ask questions about basic financial principles, most ordinary people answer incorrectly. Economic experts call this condition "financial illiteracy," which suggests that poor financial outcomes are due to a personal deficit of reading-related skills. The analogy to reading is compelling because it suggests that we can teach our way out of population-wide financial failure. In this comment, we explain why the idea of literacy appeals to policy makers in the advanced industrial nations. But we also show that the narrow skill set laid out by economists does not satisfy the politically inclusive definition of literacy that literacy studies fought for. We identify several channels through which people engage with ideas about finance and demonstrate that not all forms of literacy will lead people to the educational content prescribed by academic economists. We argue that truly financial literate people can defy the demands of financial theory and financial institutions. © The Author(s) 2015.

RCRA, superfund and EPCRA hotline training module. Introduction to: RCRA financial assurance (40 cfr parts 264/265, subpart h) updated July 1996

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-07-01

The module addresses financial assurance standards explaining first mechanisms and then the extent of coverage required. It describes the applicability of financial assurance for closure and post-closure and identifies necessary factors for calculating cost estimates. It explains allowable mechanisms for financial assurance, including which mechanisms can be used together and under what conditions. It explains how financial assurance works when a company owns several facilities or when a company is owned by one or more larger companies. It presents the financial assurance requirements for accident liability coverage. It identifies who is subject to sudden versus nonsudden liability provisions and citesmore » applicable definitions. It specifies the amount of liability coverage required for single and multiple facilities. It lists allowable mechanisms and combinations of mechanisms that can be used to satisfy financial assurance liability requirements.« less

Economic Cognitions Among Older Adults: Parental Socialization Predicts Financial Planning for Retirement

PubMed Central

Palaci, Francisco; Jiménez, Irene; Topa, Gabriela

2017-01-01

Drawing on the model on financial planning for retirement (FPR), the aim of this work is to explore how parental economic socialization both directly and indirectly affects FPR through the mediation of financial literacy, financial planning decisions and financial management. Data from a sample of 280 participants aged between 45 and 63 years were used. The results show that parental economic socialization directly and indirectly influences FPR. Moreover, parental economic behavior acts as a positive model for the development of financial literacy and skills and for decisions about FPR. All the variables increased the explained variance of FPR. Lastly, we discuss the process by which parental economic socialization is positively related to financial literacy and skills that impact on FPR, indicating some implications and future lines of research. PMID:29209198

Economic Cognitions Among Older Adults: Parental Socialization Predicts Financial Planning for Retirement.

PubMed

Palaci, Francisco; Jiménez, Irene; Topa, Gabriela

2017-01-01

Drawing on the model on financial planning for retirement (FPR), the aim of this work is to explore how parental economic socialization both directly and indirectly affects FPR through the mediation of financial literacy, financial planning decisions and financial management. Data from a sample of 280 participants aged between 45 and 63 years were used. The results show that parental economic socialization directly and indirectly influences FPR. Moreover, parental economic behavior acts as a positive model for the development of financial literacy and skills and for decisions about FPR. All the variables increased the explained variance of FPR. Lastly, we discuss the process by which parental economic socialization is positively related to financial literacy and skills that impact on FPR, indicating some implications and future lines of research.

Is Trust for Sale? The Effectiveness of Financial Compensation for Repairing Competence- versus Integrity-Based Trust Violations

PubMed Central

Haesevoets, Tessa; Reinders Folmer, Chris; Van Hiel, Alain

2015-01-01

Despite the popularity of financial compensation as a means for addressing trust violations, the question whether (more) money can indeed buy trust back remains largely unexplored. In the present research, we focus on the role of violation type and compensation size. The results of a scenario study and a laboratory experiment show that financial compensation can effectively promote the restoration of trust for transgressions that indicate a lack of competence. Conversely, for transgressions which signal a lack of integrity, financial compensation is not an effective tool to repair trust. Moreover, our findings indicate that for both violation types, overcompensation has no positive effects on top of the impact of equal compensation. These findings therefore show that when it comes to trust, money cannot buy everything. PMID:26714025

Need depriving effects of financial insecurity: Implications for well-being and financial behaviors.

PubMed

Weinstein, Netta; Stone, Dan N

2018-06-28

Evidence suggests that experiencing financial insecurity lowers well-being and increases problematic financial behaviors. The present article employs a self-determination theory (SDT; R. M. Ryan & Deci, 2000a) perspective to understand the mechanisms by which experiencing financial insecurity contributes to these detrimental outcomes. Informed by SDT, we expected that the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness would drive these effects. Studies were concerned with individuals' general experiences of financial insecurity (using community samples; Studies 1 and 2), and employed manipulations involving self-reflection (Study 3) and hypothetical scenarios (Study 4). Findings demonstrated that financially insecure conditions undermined basic psychological needs and lowered well-being (measured in terms of self-esteem, depression, and anxiety). In addition, lower satisfaction of basic psychological needs linked financial insecurity to a greater likelihood of engaging in financial cheating (Studies 2 and 3) and risky financial decisions (Study 4). Importantly, this pattern of effects remained in evidence across socioeconomically diverse samples and income levels. We discuss implications for future interventions to improve the wellness of individuals in financially insecure circumstances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

12 CFR 1805.805 - Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Information. 1805.805 Section 1805.805 Banks and Banking COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FUND, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM Terms and Conditions of Assistance § 1805.805 Information. The Fund...

12 CFR 1805.805 - Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Information. 1805.805 Section 1805.805 Banks and Banking COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FUND, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM Terms and Conditions of Assistance § 1805.805 Information. The Fund...

12 CFR 1805.805 - Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Information. 1805.805 Section 1805.805 Banks and Banking COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FUND, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM Terms and Conditions of Assistance § 1805.805 Information. The Fund...

12 CFR 1805.805 - Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Information. 1805.805 Section 1805.805 Banks and Banking COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FUND, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM Terms and Conditions of Assistance § 1805.805 Information. The Fund...

Airline Quarterly Financial Review - Second Quarter 1997 Majors

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This report contains staff comments, tables and charts on the financial condition of the U.S. major airlines. The data are presented on both a carrier group and an individual carrier basis, but the primary focus is on the individual major carrier and...

Airline Quarterly Financial Review - Fourth Quarter 1997 Majors

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This report contains staff comments, tables and charts on the financial : condition of the U.S. major airlines. An electronic version of this document can be obtained via the World Wide Web at: http://dms.dot.gov/ost/aviation/analysis.html : The data...

12 CFR 1805.805 - Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Information. 1805.805 Section 1805.805 Banks and Banking COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FUND, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM Terms and Conditions of Assistance § 1805.805 Information. The Fund...

Intercity passenger rail : Amtrak's progress in improving its financial condition has been mixed

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-07-01

Since its creation in 1971, Amtrak has accumulated massive financial losses, with recent losses averaging more than $800 million per year. To help Amtrak sustain operations and make needed capital investments, the federal government has provided Amtr...

Brownfields Davis Bacon for Cleanup Grants: Hazardous Substances for Non-Profit Entities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The following terms and conditions specify how Recipients will assist EPA in meeting its Davis Bacon (DB) responsibilities when DB applies to EPA awards of financial assistance under any other statute which makes DB applicable to EPA financial assistance.

Brownfields Davis Bacon for Cleanup Grants: Petroleum for Non-Profit Entities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Terms & conditions specify how Recipients will assist EPA in meeting its Davis Bacon responsibilities when DB applies to EPA awards of financial assistance under the Recovery Act or any other statute which makes DB applicable to EPA financial assistance.

7 CFR 1980.442 - Feasibility studies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.442 Feasibility... a feasibility study for loans to existing businesses when the financial history of the business, the current financial condition of the business, and guarantees or other collateral offered for the loan are...

7 CFR 1980.442 - Feasibility studies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.442 Feasibility... a feasibility study for loans to existing businesses when the financial history of the business, the current financial condition of the business, and guarantees or other collateral offered for the loan are...

7 CFR 1980.442 - Feasibility studies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.442 Feasibility... a feasibility study for loans to existing businesses when the financial history of the business, the current financial condition of the business, and guarantees or other collateral offered for the loan are...

Financial Aid and First-Year Collegiate GPA: A Regression Discontinuity Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curs, Bradley R.; Harper, Casandra E.

2012-01-01

Using a regression discontinuity design, we investigate whether a merit-based financial aid program has a causal effect on the first-year grade point average of first-time out-of-state freshmen at the University of Oregon. Our results indicate that merit-based financial aid has a positive and significant effect on first-year collegiate grade point…

Associations between the purchase of healthy and fast foods and restrictions to food access: a cross-sectional study in Melbourne, Australia.

PubMed

Burns, Cate; Bentley, Rebecca; Thornton, Lukar; Kavanagh, Anne

2015-01-01

To examine the associations between financial, physical and transport conditions that may restrict food access (which we define as food security indicators) and the purchase of fast foods and nutritious staples such as bread and milk. Multilevel logistic and multinomial regression analysis of cross-sectional survey data to assess associations between the three indicators of food insecurity and household food shopping adjusted for sociodemographic and socio-economic variables. Random selection of households (n 3995) from fifty Census Collector Districts in Melbourne, Australia, in 2003. The main food shoppers in each household (n 2564). After adjustment for confounders, analysis showed that a greater likelihood of purchasing chain-brand fast food on a weekly basis compared with never was associated with running out of money to buy food (OR = 1·59; 95 % CI 1·08, 2·34) and reporting difficulties lifting groceries (OR = 1·77; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·54). Respondents without regular access to a car to do food shopping were less likely to purchase bread types considered more nutritious than white bread (OR = 0·75; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·95) and milk types considered more nutritious than full-cream milk (OR = 0·62; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·81). The food insecurity indicators were not associated with the purchasing of fruits, vegetables or non-chain fast food. Householders experiencing financial and physical barriers were more likely to frequently purchase chain fast foods while limited access to a car resulted in a lower likelihood that the nutritious options were purchased for two core food items (bread and milk). Policies and interventions that improve financial access to food and lessen the effect of physical limitations to carrying groceries may reduce the purchasing of fast foods. Further research is required on food sourcing and dietary quality among those with food access restrictions.

Tracking the majority: households, older workers, and retirement during the Great Depression.

PubMed

Moen, J R; Gratton, B

2000-01-01

Well into the 20th century, elderly people relied on traditional means of support, such as children's financial contributions or continued labor force activity. After the institution of Social Security in the late 1930s, retirement--permanent withdrawal from the labor force with financial arrangements made for support--became an expected part of the life cycle of men 65 years and older in the United States. This research explores the extent of retirement and methods to finance it in the period just before Social Security became available. The 1935-1936 Study of Consumer Purchases (SCP) contains information on demographic and economic conditions for 5,975 households. The SCP is a rich but underutilized source of data on household behavior. The data allow two definitions of labor force activity to be constructed; descriptive statistics identify factors associated with retirement. Alternative sources of support, such as pensions and investment income, have been thought to be relatively insignificant before the 1940s. This article shows that retirement in the modern sense appeared before state provision of support for aged persons. SCP data indicate considerable reliance on such financial instruments, a particularly noteworthy result given Depression conditions. Pension and investment income also helps identify persons who might report a gainful occupation but appear to have withdrawn from labor force activity, meeting a modern definition of retirement. The SCP, collected just as Social Security was enacted, reveals that nonfamilial sources of income like pensions and investments had begun to underwrite retirement without dependence on family members. Many older persons relied on these instruments for support in old age, and many did not have children present in their households. These results constitute evidence for an independent, nonfamily-based retirement before governmental provision of assistance through Social Security.

Chaoticity in the time evolution of foreign currency exchange rates in Turkey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cakar, O.; Aybar, O. O.; Hacinliyan, A. S.; Kusbeyzi, I.

Tools from chaos theory that have found recent use in analysing financial markets have been applied to the US Dollar and Euro buying and selling rates against the Turkish currency. The reason for choosing the foreign exchange rate in this analysis is the fact that foreign currency is an indicator of not only the globalization of economy but also savings and investment. In order to test the globality assumption and to ascertain the degree of involvement of local conditions in Turkey, the Euro and US dollar exchange rates have been subjected to the same analysis.

Are Conditional Cash Transfers Effective in Urban Areas? Evidence from Mexico1

PubMed Central

Behrman, Jere R.; Gallardo-García, Jorge; Parker, Susan W.; Todd, Petra E.; Vélez-Grajales, Viviana

2014-01-01

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have spread worldwide as a new form of social assistance for the poor. Previous evaluations of CCT programs focus mainly on rural settings, and little is known about their effects in urban areas. This paper studies the short-term (one- and two-year) effects of the Mexican Oportunidades CCT program on urban children/youth. The program provides financial incentives for children/youth to attend school and for family members to visit health clinics. To participate, families had to sign up for the program and be deemed eligible. Difference-in-difference propensity score matching estimates indicate that the program is successful in increasing school enrollment, schooling attainment and time devoted to homework for girls and boys and in decreasing working rates of boys. PMID:25705094

Are Conditional Cash Transfers Effective in Urban Areas? Evidence from Mexico.

PubMed

Behrman, Jere R; Gallardo-García, Jorge; Parker, Susan W; Todd, Petra E; Vélez-Grajales, Viviana

2012-07-01

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have spread worldwide as a new form of social assistance for the poor. Previous evaluations of CCT programs focus mainly on rural settings, and little is known about their effects in urban areas. This paper studies the short-term (one- and two-year) effects of the Mexican Oportunidades CCT program on urban children/youth. The program provides financial incentives for children/youth to attend school and for family members to visit health clinics. To participate, families had to sign up for the program and be deemed eligible. Difference-in-difference propensity score matching estimates indicate that the program is successful in increasing school enrollment, schooling attainment and time devoted to homework for girls and boys and in decreasing working rates of boys.

A financial model for assessing hospital performance: an application to multi-institutional organizations.

PubMed

Coyne, J S

1986-01-01

The financial growth of investor-owned and not-for-profit hospitals has become an increasingly important research topic. More hospitals are forming multi-institutional organizations (MIOs) in an attempt to achieve greater market share and improve financial self-sufficiency. Few studies have provided a model for systematically analyzing financial growth in MIOs. A financial model is presented here to analyze equity growth. The model is applied to MIOs using recent audited financial data from more than 500 hospitals in 18 MIOs, eight investor-owned and ten not-for-profit. The results indicate that investor-owned MIO hospitals achieve significantly greater equity growth primarily through greater profit margins. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to the increasing price-competitive healthcare environment. The usefulness of the financial model is assessed in terms of its value as a financial diagnostic tool.

Nursing home safety: does financial performance matter?

PubMed

Oetjen, Reid M; Zhao, Mei; Liu, Darren; Carretta, Henry J

2011-01-01

This study examines the relationship between financial performance and selected safety measures of nursing homes in the State of Florida. We used descriptive analysis on a total sample of 1,197. Safety information was from the Online Survey, Certification and Reporting (OSCAR) data of 2003 to 2005, while the financial performance measures were from the Medicare cost reports of 2002 to 2004. Finally, we examined the most frequently cited deficiencies as well as the relationship between financial performance and quality indicators. Nursing homes in the bottom quartile of financial performance perform poorly on most resident-safety measures of care; however, nursing homes in the top two financial categories also experienced a higher number of deficiencies. Nursing homes in the next to lowest quartile of financial performance category best perform on most of these safety measures. The results reinforce the need to monitor nursing home quality and resident safety in US nursing homes, especially among facilities with poor overall financial performance.

Family Impacts among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Health Care Quality

PubMed Central

Zuckerman, Katharine E.; Lindly, Olivia J.; Bethell, Christina D.; Kuhlthau, Karen

2014-01-01

Objectives To compare health care quality and family employment and financial impacts among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with autism spectrum disorder (CSHCN+ASD), CSHCN with functional limitations (CSHCN+FL), and CSHCN lacking these conditions (other CSHCN). To test whether high health care quality was associated with reduced family impacts among CSHCN+ASD. Methods Data from the 2009-2010 National Survey of CSHCN were used to compare 3025 CSHCN+ASD, 6505 CSHCN+FL, and 28 296 other CSHCN. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses examined six age-relevant, federally-defined health care quality indicators and five family financial and employment impact indicators. Two composite measures were additionally used: (1) receipt of care that met all age-relevant quality indicators; and (2) had ≥ two of the five adverse family impacts. Results Across all health care quality indicators CSHCN+ASD fared poorly, with only 7.4% meeting all age-relevant indicators. CSHCN+ASD had worse health care quality than other CSHCN, including CSHCN+FL. CSHCN+ASD also had high rates of adverse family impact, with over half experiencing two or more adverse impacts. Rates of adverse family impact were higher in CSHCN+ASD than other CSHCN, including CSHCN+FL. Among CSHCN+ASD, those whose health care that met federal quality standards were less likely to have multiple adverse family impacts than CSHCN+ASD whose health care did not meet federal quality standards. Conclusions CSHCN+ASD are more prone to experience poor health care quality and family impacts than other CSHCN, even CSHCN+FL. Receipt of care meeting federal quality standards may potentially lessen adverse family impacts for CSHCN+ASD. PMID:24976352

The Ethical Dimensions of Awarding Financial Aid

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hillman, Nicholas

2011-01-01

In countries charging tuition fees, and those that are considering adopting tuition fee policies, recent economic conditions are making education less affordable and accessible for students. To combat these challenges, nations, state/regional governments, and universities are experimenting with financial aid programmes by providing non-repayable…

An exploration of older Hong Kong residents' willingness to make copayments toward vouchers for community care.

PubMed

Fu, Yuan Yuan; Chui, Ernest Wing-Tak; Law, Chi Kin; Zhao, XinYi; Lou, Vivian W Q

2018-05-10

Because of its rapidly aging population, Hong Kong faces great challenges in the provision and financing of long-term care (LTC) and needs to explore sustainable funding mechanisms. However, there is a paucity of research on older people's willingness to pay (WTP) for LTC services in Hong Kong. This study utilizes data collected in Hong Kong in 2011 (N = 536) to investigate older people's receptivity to this financing mode by assessing their co-payments for a community care service voucher scheme and then testing how potential factors affect respondents' amount of co-payment. Results show that respondents' WTP was positively associated with family financial support, financial condition, and positive attitudes toward this novel policy and negatively associated with family caregiving support. Direct and moderating effects of family financial support on WTP were found. The policy-related implications of LTC financing to improve older people's acceptance of co-payment mechanisms, financial condition, and shared responsibility of care are discussed.

Non-arbitrage in financial markets: A Bayesian approach for verification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cerezetti, F. V.; Stern, Julio Michael

2012-10-01

The concept of non-arbitrage plays an essential role in finance theory. Under certain regularity conditions, the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing states that, in non-arbitrage markets, prices of financial instruments are martingale processes. In this theoretical framework, the analysis of the statistical distributions of financial assets can assist in understanding how participants behave in the markets, and may or may not engender arbitrage conditions. Assuming an underlying Variance Gamma statistical model, this study aims to test, using the FBST - Full Bayesian Significance Test, if there is a relevant price difference between essentially the same financial asset traded at two distinct locations. Specifically, we investigate and compare the behavior of call options on the BOVESPA Index traded at (a) the Equities Segment and (b) the Derivatives Segment of BM&FBovespa. Our results seem to point out significant statistical differences. To what extent this evidence is actually the expression of perennial arbitrage opportunities is still an open question.

Irreversibility of financial time series: A graph-theoretical approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flanagan, Ryan; Lacasa, Lucas

2016-04-01

The relation between time series irreversibility and entropy production has been recently investigated in thermodynamic systems operating away from equilibrium. In this work we explore this concept in the context of financial time series. We make use of visibility algorithms to quantify, in graph-theoretical terms, time irreversibility of 35 financial indices evolving over the period 1998-2012. We show that this metric is complementary to standard measures based on volatility and exploit it to both classify periods of financial stress and to rank companies accordingly. We then validate this approach by finding that a projection in principal components space of financial years, based on time irreversibility features, clusters together periods of financial stress from stable periods. Relations between irreversibility, efficiency and predictability are briefly discussed.

14 CFR 1260.114 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... award conditions. If an applicant or recipient has a history of poor performance, is not financially... conformed to the terms and conditions of a previous award, or is not otherwise responsible, NASA may impose...

14 CFR 1260.114 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... award conditions. If an applicant or recipient has a history of poor performance, is not financially... conformed to the terms and conditions of a previous award, or is not otherwise responsible, NASA may impose...

14 CFR 1260.114 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... award conditions. If an applicant or recipient has a history of poor performance, is not financially... conformed to the terms and conditions of a previous award, or is not otherwise responsible, NASA may impose...

14 CFR 1260.114 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... award conditions. If an applicant or recipient has a history of poor performance, is not financially... conformed to the terms and conditions of a previous award, or is not otherwise responsible, NASA may impose...

Perceived financial retirement preparedness and its correlates: a national study in Israel.

PubMed

Segel-Karpas, Dikla; Werner, Perla

2014-01-01

Studies suggest that a large proportion of adults do not manage to save enough for retirement. Correlates of retirement saving behaviors have yet to be fully understood. The goal of this study was to examine perceived financial preparedness for retirement and its correlates. We studied the effect of perceived financial knowledge and involvement, social and institutional support, and attitudes toward retirement in a national sample of 227 non-retired Israeli adults (mean age = 44; 53% female; 81% Jewish). Results indicated that only about 20% perceived themselves as financially prepared for retirement. The main correlates of financial preparedness were financial knowledge and involvement in financial activities. The results show that a large proportion of the Israeli population feel underprepared for retirement. Those who perceive themselves as having high levels of financial knowledge are less predisposed to feel underprepared. Future research should examine the relationship between perceived financial preparedness and actual savings. © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Changes in Cross-Correlations as an Indicator for Systemic Risk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Zeyu; Podobnik, Boris; Feng, Ling; Li, Baowen

2012-11-01

The 2008-2012 global financial crisis began with the global recession in December 2007 and exacerbated in September 2008, during which the U.S. stock markets lost 20% of value from its October 11 2007 peak. Various studies reported that financial crisis are associated with increase in both cross-correlations among stocks and stock indices and the level of systemic risk. In this paper, we study 10 different Dow Jones economic sector indexes, and applying principle component analysis (PCA) we demonstrate that the rate of increase in principle components with short 12-month time windows can be effectively used as an indicator of systemic risk--the larger the change of PC1, the higher the increase of systemic risk. Clearly, the higher the level of systemic risk, the more likely a financial crisis would occur in the near future.

The Role of Cash Flow in Financial Early Warning of Agricultural Enterprises Based on Logistic Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Fengru

2018-01-01

This paper chooses the agricultural listed companies as the research object, compares the financial situation of the enterprise and the theory of financial early warning, combines the financial status of the agricultural listed companies, selects the relevant cash flow indicators, discusses the application of the Logistic financial early warning model in the agricultural listed companies, Agricultural enterprises get better development. Research on financial early warning of agricultural listed companies will help the agricultural listed companies to predict the financial crisis. Financial early warning model is simple to establish, operational and strong, the use of financial early warning model, to help enterprises in the financial crisis before taking rapid and effective measures, which can avoid losses. Help enterprises to discover signs of deterioration of the financial situation in time to maintain the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises. In addition, through the financial early warning model, investors can correctly identify the financial situation of agricultural enterprises, and can evaluate the financial situation of agricultural enterprises and to help investors to invest in scientific and rational, beneficial to investors to analyze the safety of investment. But also help the relevant regulatory agencies to effectively monitor the market and promote the healthy and stable development of the market.

Impact of Next Generation Sequencing on the Organization and Funding of Returning Research Results: Survey of Canadian Research Ethics Boards Members

PubMed Central

Godard, Beatrice

2016-01-01

Research Ethics Boards (REBs) are expected to evaluate protocols planning the use of Next Generation Sequencing technologies (NGS), assuring that any genomic finding will be properly managed. As Canadian REBs play a central role in the disclosure of such results, we deemed it important to examine the views and experience of REB members on the return of aggregated research results, individual research results (IRRs) and incidental findings (IFs) in current genomic research. With this intent, we carried out a web-based survey, which showed that 59.7% of respondents viewed the change from traditional sequencing to NGS as more than a technical substitution, and that 77% of respondents agreed on the importance of returning aggregated research results, the most compelling reasons being the recognition of participants’ contribution and increasing the awareness of scientific progress. As for IRRs specifically, 50% of respondents were in favour of conveying such information, even when they only indicated the probability that a condition may develop. Current regulations and risk to participants were considered equally important, and much more than financial costs, when considering the return of IRRs and IFs. Respondents indicated that the financial aspect of offering genetic counseling was the least important matter when assessing it as a requisite. Granting agencies were named as mainly responsible for funding, while the organizing and returning of IRRs and IFs belonged to researchers. However, views in these matters differ according to respondents’ experience. Our results draw attention to the need for improved guidance when considering the organizational and financial aspects of returning genetic research results, so as to better fulfill the ethical and moral principles that are to guide such undertakings. PMID:27167380

Becoming disabled: The association between disability onset in younger adults and subsequent changes in productive engagement, social support, financial hardship and subjective wellbeing.

PubMed

Emerson, Eric; Kariuki, Maina; Honey, Anne; Llewellyn, Gwynnyth

2014-10-01

Very few population-based studies have investigated the association between the onset of health conditions/impairments associated with disability and subsequent well-being. To examine the association between the onset of disability and four indicators of well-being (full-time engagement in employment or education, financial hardship, social support, subjective well-being) among a nationally representative sample of Australian adolescents and young adults. Secondary analysis of the first eight waves (2001-2008) of the survey of Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia. For financial hardship and subjective well-being, the majority of participants belonged to trajectory classes for which there was no evidence that the onset of disability was associated with a subsequent lowering of well-being. For participation in employment and education, the majority of participants belonged to trajectory classes for which there was evidence of a modest immediate reduction in participation rates followed by subsequent stability. For social support, the majority of participants belonged to trajectory classes for which there was evidence of a modest temporary reduction in support followed by rebound back to initial levels. Membership of classes associated with poorer outcomes was associated with a number of covariates including: male gender; younger age of disability onset; being born overseas; not living with both parents at age 14; lower proficiency in the English language; and parental education being year 12 or below. The results of our analyses illustrate the existence of clear empirically defined trajectory classes following the onset of disability across a range of indicators of well-being. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

To Facilitate or Curb? The Role of Financial Development in China's Carbon Emissions Reduction Process: A Novel Approach.

PubMed

Xing, Tiancai; Jiang, Qichuan; Ma, Xuejiao

2017-10-13

With the Paris Agreement coming into effect, China, as the largest CO₂ emitter in the world, will be facing greater pressure to reduce its carbon emissions. This paper discusses how to solve this issue from the perspective of financial development in China. Although many studies have analyzed its impact on carbon emissions, the conclusions are contradictory. A major criticism of the existing studies is the reasonability of the selection of appropriate indicators and panel estimation techniques. Almost all studies use only one or limited indicators to represent the financial development and ignore the cross-sectional dependence. To fulfil the gaps mentioned above, a financial development index system is built, and with the framework of the STIRPAT (Stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model, this paper applies an ARDL approach to investigating the long-run relationship between financial development and carbon emissions and a dynamic panel error-corrected model to capture the short-run impact. The empirical results show that financial development can improve carbon emissions, and such impact not only shows a regional difference but also reflects the features of stage differences. Additionally, based on the discussion on seven specific aspects of financial development, our findings can be helpful for policy makers to enact corresponding policies to realize the goal of reducing carbon emissions in China.

To Facilitate or Curb? The Role of Financial Development in China’s Carbon Emissions Reduction Process: A Novel Approach

PubMed Central

Xing, Tiancai; Jiang, Qichuan

2017-01-01

With the Paris Agreement coming into effect, China, as the largest CO2 emitter in the world, will be facing greater pressure to reduce its carbon emissions. This paper discusses how to solve this issue from the perspective of financial development in China. Although many studies have analyzed its impact on carbon emissions, the conclusions are contradictory. A major criticism of the existing studies is the reasonability of the selection of appropriate indicators and panel estimation techniques. Almost all studies use only one or limited indicators to represent the financial development and ignore the cross-sectional dependence. To fulfil the gaps mentioned above, a financial development index system is built, and with the framework of the STIRPAT (Stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model, this paper applies an ARDL approach to investigating the long-run relationship between financial development and carbon emissions and a dynamic panel error-corrected model to capture the short-run impact. The empirical results show that financial development can improve carbon emissions, and such impact not only shows a regional difference but also reflects the features of stage differences. Additionally, based on the discussion on seven specific aspects of financial development, our findings can be helpful for policy makers to enact corresponding policies to realize the goal of reducing carbon emissions in China. PMID:29027983

Financial Well-Being and Post-Deployment Adjustment among Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans

PubMed Central

Elbogen, Eric B.; Johnson, CAPT Sally C.; Wagner, H. Ryan; Newton, Virginia M.; Beckham, Jean C.

2012-01-01

Research has yet to examine the relationship between financial well-being and community reintegration of veterans. To address this, we analyzed data from n=1,388 Iraq and Afghanistan War Era Veterans who completed a national survey on post-deployment adjustment. The results indicated that probable major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and traumatic brain injury were associated with financial difficulties. However, regardless of diagnosis, veterans who reported having money to cover basic needs were significantly less likely to have post-deployment adjustment problems such as criminal arrest, homelessness, substance abuse, suicidal behavior, and aggression. Statistical analyses also indicated that poor money management (e.g. incurring significant debt or writing bad checks) was related to maladjustment, even among veterans at higher income levels. Given these findings, efforts aimed at enhancing financial literacy and promoting meaningful employment may have promise to enhance outcomes and improve quality of life among returning veterans. PMID:22730842

An assessment of residents’ and fellows’ personal finance literacy: an unmet medical education need

PubMed Central

White, Andrew J.; Hiller, Katherine M.; Amini, Richard; Jeffe, Donna B.

2017-01-01

Objectives This study aimed to assess residents’ and fellows’ knowledge of finance principles that may affect their personal financial health. Methods A cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey was administered to a convenience sample of residents and fellows at two academic medical centers.  Respondents answered 20 questions on personal finance and 28 questions about their own financial planning, attitudes, and debt. Questions regarding satisfaction with one’s financial condition and investment-risk tolerance used a 10-point Likert scale (1=lowest, 10=highest).  Of 2,010 trainees, 422 (21%) responded (median age 30 years; interquartile range, 28-33).   Results The mean quiz score was 52.0% (SD = 19.1). Of 299 (71%) respondents with student loan debt, 144 (48%) owed over $200,000.  Many respondents had other debt, including 86 (21%) with credit card debt. Of 262 respondents with retirement savings, 142 (52%) had saved less than $25,000. Respondents’ mean satisfaction with their current personal financial condition was 4.8 (SD = 2.5) and investment-risk tolerance was 5.3 (SD = 2.3). Indebted trainees reported lower satisfaction than trainees without debt (4.4 vs. 6.2, F (1,419) = 41.57, p < .001).   Knowledge was moderately correlated with investment-risk tolerance (r=0.41, p < .001), and weakly correlated with satisfaction with financial status (r=0.23, p < .001). Conclusions Residents and fellows had low financial literacy and investment-risk tolerance, high debt, and deficits in their financial preparedness.  Adding personal financial education to the medical education curriculum would benefit trainees.  Providing education in areas such as budgeting, estate planning, investment strategies, and retirement planning early in training can offer significant long-term benefits. PMID:28557777

An assessment of residents' and fellows' personal finance literacy: an unmet medical education need.

PubMed

Ahmad, Fahd A; White, Andrew J; Hiller, Katherine M; Amini, Richard; Jeffe, Donna B

2017-05-29

This study aimed to assess residents' and fellows' knowledge of finance principles that may affect their personal financial health. A cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey was administered to a convenience sample of residents and fellows at two academic medical centers.  Respondents answered 20 questions on personal finance and 28 questions about their own financial planning, attitudes, and debt. Questions regarding satisfaction with one's financial condition and investment-risk tolerance used a 10-point Likert scale (1=lowest, 10=highest).  Of 2,010 trainees, 422 (21%) responded (median age 30 years; interquartile range, 28-33). The mean quiz score was 52.0% (SD = 19.1). Of 299 (71%) respondents with student loan debt, 144 (48%) owed over $200,000.  Many respondents had other debt, including 86 (21%) with credit card debt. Of 262 respondents with retirement savings, 142 (52%) had saved less than $25,000. Respondents' mean satisfaction with their current personal financial condition was 4.8 (SD = 2.5) and investment-risk tolerance was 5.3 (SD = 2.3). Indebted trainees reported lower satisfaction than trainees without debt (4.4 vs. 6.2, F (1,419) = 41.57, p < .001).   Knowledge was moderately correlated with investment-risk tolerance (r=0.41, p < .001), and weakly correlated with satisfaction with financial status (r=0.23, p < .001). Residents and fellows had low financial literacy and investment-risk tolerance, high debt, and deficits in their financial preparedness.  Adding personal financial education to the medical education curriculum would benefit trainees.  Providing education in areas such as budgeting, estate planning, investment strategies, and retirement planning early in training can offer significant long-term benefits.

Selection of key financial indicators: a literature, panel and survey approach.

PubMed

Pink, George H; Daniel, Imtiaz; Hall, Linda McGillis; McKillop, Ian

2007-01-01

Since 1998, most hospitals in Ontario have voluntarily participated in one of the largest and most ambitious publicly available performance-reporting initiatives in the world. This article describes the method used to select key financial indicators for inclusion in the report including the literature review, panel and survey approaches that were used. The results for five years of recent data for Ontario hospitals are also presented.

Carbon-dioxide emissions trading and hierarchical structure in worldwide finance and commodities markets.

PubMed

Zheng, Zeyu; Yamasaki, Kazuko; Tenenbaum, Joel N; Stanley, H Eugene

2013-01-01

In a highly interdependent economic world, the nature of relationships between financial entities is becoming an increasingly important area of study. Recently, many studies have shown the usefulness of minimal spanning trees (MST) in extracting interactions between financial entities. Here, we propose a modified MST network whose metric distance is defined in terms of cross-correlation coefficient absolute values, enabling the connections between anticorrelated entities to manifest properly. We investigate 69 daily time series, comprising three types of financial assets: 28 stock market indicators, 21 currency futures, and 20 commodity futures. We show that though the resulting MST network evolves over time, the financial assets of similar type tend to have connections which are stable over time. In addition, we find a characteristic time lag between the volatility time series of the stock market indicators and those of the EU CO(2) emission allowance (EUA) and crude oil futures (WTI). This time lag is given by the peak of the cross-correlation function of the volatility time series EUA (or WTI) with that of the stock market indicators, and is markedly different (>20 days) from 0, showing that the volatility of stock market indicators today can predict the volatility of EU emissions allowances and of crude oil in the near future.

Carbon-dioxide emissions trading and hierarchical structure in worldwide finance and commodities markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Zeyu; Yamasaki, Kazuko; Tenenbaum, Joel N.; Stanley, H. Eugene

2013-01-01

In a highly interdependent economic world, the nature of relationships between financial entities is becoming an increasingly important area of study. Recently, many studies have shown the usefulness of minimal spanning trees (MST) in extracting interactions between financial entities. Here, we propose a modified MST network whose metric distance is defined in terms of cross-correlation coefficient absolute values, enabling the connections between anticorrelated entities to manifest properly. We investigate 69 daily time series, comprising three types of financial assets: 28 stock market indicators, 21 currency futures, and 20 commodity futures. We show that though the resulting MST network evolves over time, the financial assets of similar type tend to have connections which are stable over time. In addition, we find a characteristic time lag between the volatility time series of the stock market indicators and those of the EU CO2 emission allowance (EUA) and crude oil futures (WTI). This time lag is given by the peak of the cross-correlation function of the volatility time series EUA (or WTI) with that of the stock market indicators, and is markedly different (>20 days) from 0, showing that the volatility of stock market indicators today can predict the volatility of EU emissions allowances and of crude oil in the near future.

12 CFR 391.14 - Enforcement of orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... credit commitment, of the borrower's overall financial condition and resources, the financial... deleted; d. An explanation of how the customer may obtain a credit report free of charge; and e... to the FTC, and should provide the FTC's Web site address and toll-free telephone number that...

5 CFR 2635.403 - Prohibited financial interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Section 2635.403 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS GOVERNMENT ETHICS STANDARDS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Conflicting Financial Interests § 2635.403... retaining his stock in the company. The agency can require the employee to sell his stock as a condition of...

Brownfields Davis Bacon for Revolving Loan Fund Grants: RLF Grants to Governmental/Quasi-Governmental Organizations

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Terms & conditions specify how Recipients will assist EPA in meeting its Davis Bacon responsibilities when DB applies to EPA awards of financial assistance under the Recovery Act or any other statute which makes DB applicable to EPA financial assistance.

12 CFR 1805.801 - Notice of Award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice of Award. 1805.801 Section 1805.801 Banks and Banking COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FUND, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM Terms and Conditions of Assistance § 1805.801 Notice of...

12 CFR 1005.6 - Liability of consumer for unauthorized transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... transfers. 1005.6 Section 1005.6 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 1005.6 Liability of consumer for unauthorized transfers. (a) Conditions for..., for an unauthorized electronic fund transfer involving the consumer's account only if the financial...

Laboratory manager's financial handbook. The laboratory's importance to the financial stability of a health-care organization.

PubMed

Travers, E M

1996-01-01

From a financial standpoint, one of the most valuable assets in the survival of a health-care organization is the clinical laboratory. Laboratory directors, managers, and supervisors have indicated their overwhelming need to understand finance, especially cost management, to CLMA and to the author at national meetings and workshops, Tremendous financial pressures are being applied in health-care organizations across the country. Two strategic factors in their successful move into the 21st century are more appropriate test utilization and cost control in the laboratory.

Relationship between Community Collectivization and Financial Vulnerability of Female Sex Workers in Southern India

PubMed Central

Patel, Sangram Kishor; Prabhakar, Parimi; Jain, Anrudh Kumar; Saggurti, Niranjan; Adhikary, Rajatashuvra

2016-01-01

Introduction Studies exploring the linkages between financial vulnerabilities and community collectivization of female sex workers (FSWs) are scarce in India despite having potential policy implications. To fill this gap in the literature, this study attempts to understand the financial vulnerabilities among FSWs and assess the relationship between community collectivization and financial vulnerabilities in southern India. Data and Methods Data were drawn from a cross-sectional, behavioral tracking survey (BTS)—2014, conducted among FSWs (N = 2400) in Andhra Pradesh, a southern state of India under the Avahan-India AIDS initiative program. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through multivariate logistic regression, to assess the independent relationships of the degree of community collectivization indicators with financial vulnerability indicators, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Results Most FSWs (87%) reported having either one or more financial vulnerability and nearly one-fifth had a high financial vulnerability. The risk of facing financial vulnerability was significantly lower among FSWs with a high degree of perceived collective efficacy (15% vs 31%; AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3–0.5) and collective agency (4% vs 21%; AOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.3) as compared to their respective counterparts, after controlling for their individual socio-demographic characteristics. FSWs with a high degree of collective efficacy are also less likely to report different components of financial vulnerability (e.g. income, saving, expenditure, and debt). Conclusion This study finding suggests that community-led interventions such as improving collectivization are promising strategies to address financial vulnerabilities and a path to a sustainable reduction of HIV risk. This study calls for further evidence-based research and measurement of the effects of community-led approaches in addressing the financial vulnerabilities of the key population at risk for HIV. PMID:27227998

The financial attractiveness assessment of large waste management projects registered as clean development mechanism.

PubMed

Bufoni, André Luiz; Oliveira, Luciano Basto; Rosa, Luiz Pinguelli

2015-09-01

This study illustrates the financial analyses for demonstration and assessment of additionality presented in the project design (PDD) and enclosed documents of the 431 large Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) classified as the 'waste handling and disposal sector' (13) over the past ten years (2004-2014). The expected certified emissions reductions (CER) of these projects total 63.54 million metric tons of CO2eq, where eight countries account for 311 projects and 43.36 million metric tons. All of the projects declare themselves 'not financially attractive' without CER with an estimated sum of negative results of approximately a half billion US$. The results indicate that WM benchmarks and indicators are converging and reducing in variance, and the sensitivity analysis reveals that revenues have a greater effect on the financial results. This work concludes that an extensive financial database with simple standards for disclosure would greatly diminish statement problems and make information more comparable, reducing the risk and capital costs of WM projects. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Community Savings Groups, Financial Security, and HIV Risk Among Female Sex Workers in Iringa, Tanzania.

PubMed

Mantsios, Andrea; Galai, Noya; Mbwambo, Jessie; Likindikoki, Samuel; Shembilu, Catherine; Mwampashi, Ard; Beckham, S W; Leddy, Anna; Davis, Wendy; Sherman, Susan; Kennedy, Caitlin; Kerrigan, Deanna

2018-02-24

This study assessed the association between community savings group participation and consistent condom use (CCU) among female sex workers (FSW) in Iringa, Tanzania. Using cross-sectional data from a survey of venue-based FSW (n = 496), logistic regression was used to examine the associations between financial indicators including community savings group participation and CCU. Over one-third (35%) of the women participated in a savings group. Multivariable regression results indicated that participating in a savings group was significantly associated with nearly two times greater odds of CCU with new clients in the last 30 days (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.10-2.86). Exploratory mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between savings group participation and CCU was partially mediated by financial security, as measured by monthly income. Findings indicate that community savings groups may play an important role in reducing sexual risk behaviors of FSW and hold promise as part of comprehensive, community-led HIV prevention strategies among FSW.

Hospital financial management: what is the link between revenue cycle management, profitability, and not-for-profit hospitals' ability to grow equity?

PubMed

Singh, Simone Rauscher; Wheeler, John

2012-01-01

Effective revenue cycle management--from appointment scheduling and patient registration at the front end of the revenue cycle to billing and cash collections at the back end--plays a crucial role in hospitals' efforts to improve their financial performance. Using data for 1,397 bond-issuing, not-for-profit US hospitals for 2000 to 2007, this study analyzed the relationship between hospitals' performance at managing the revenue cycle and their profitability and ability to build equity capital. Hospital-level fixed effects regression analysis was used to model four different measures of profitability and equity capital as functions of two key financial indicators of revenue cycle management--amount of patient revenue and speed of revenue collection. The results indicated that higher amounts of patient revenue in relation to a hospital's assets were associated with statistically significant increases in operating and total profit margins, free cash flow, and equity capital (p < 0.01 for all four models); that is, hospitals that generated more patient revenue per dollar of assets invested reported improved financial performance. Likewise, a statistically significant link existed between lower revenue collection periods and all four indicators of hospital financial performance (p < 0.01 for three models; p < 0.05 for one model). Hospitals that collected faster on their patient revenue reported higher profit margins and larger equity values. For revenue cycle managers, these findings represent good news: Streamlining a hospital's management of the patient revenue cycle can advance the organization's financial viability by improving profitability and enabling equity growth.

Financial catastrophe, treatment discontinuation and death associated with surgically operable cancer in South-East Asia: Results from the ACTION Study.

PubMed

Jan, Stephen; Kimman, Merel; Peters, Sanne A E; Woodward, Mark

2015-06-01

This study assessed the extent to which individuals with surgically operable cancer in Southeast Asia experience financially catastrophic out-of-pocket costs, discontinuation of treatment, or death. The ACTION study is a prospective, 8-country, cohort study of adult patients recruited consecutively with an initial diagnosis of cancer from public and private hospitals. Participants were interviewed at baseline and 3 months. In this paper, we identified 4,584 participants in whom surgery was indicated in initial treatment plans and assessed the following competing outcomes: death, financial catastrophe (out-of-pocket costs of >30% of annual household income), treatment discontinuation, and hospitalization without financial catastrophe incurred. We then analyzed a range of predictors using a multinomial regression model. Of the participants, 72% were female and 44% had health insurance at baseline. At 3 months, 31% of participants incurred financial catastrophe, 8% had died, 23% had discontinued treatment, and 38% were hospitalized but avoided financial catastrophe. Health insurance status was found to be associated with lower odds of treatment discontinuation (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.77) relative to hospitalization without financial catastrophe. Women had greater odds of financial catastrophe than men (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05-1.74), whereas lower socioeconomic status (range of indicators) was generally found to be associated with higher odds of death, treatment discontinuation, and financial catastrophe. Priority should be given to measures such as programs to extend social health insurance to offset the out-of-pocket costs associated with surgery for cancer faced in particular by women, the uninsured, and individuals of low socioeconomic status in Southeast Asia. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Determinants of the use of dietary supplements among secondary and high school students

PubMed

Gajda, Karolina; Zielińska, Monika; Ciecierska, Anna; Hamułka, Jadwiga

All over the world, including Poland, the sale of dietary supplements is increasing. More and more often, people including children and youths, use dietary supplements on their own initiative and without any medical indications or knowledge in this field. Analysis of the conditions of using the dietary supplements with vitamins and minerals among secondary school and high school students in Poland. The study included 396 students aged 13-18 years (249 girls and 147 boys). Authors’ questionnaire was used to evaluate the intake of dietary supplements. The use of cluster analysis allowed to distinguish groups of students with similar socio-demographic characteristics and the frequency of use of dietary supplements. In the studied population of students three clusters were created that significantly differed in socio-demographic characteristics. In cluster 1 and 2, were mostly students who used dietary supplements (respectively, 56% of respondents and 100%). In cluster 1 there were mostly students coming from rural areas and small city, with a worse financial situation, mainly boys (56%), while cluster 2 was dominated by girls (81%) living in a big city, coming from families with a good financial situation and who were more likely to be underweight (28.8%). In cluster 3 there were mostly older students (62%), not taking dietary supplements. In comparison to cluster 2, they had lower frequency of breakfast consumption (55% vs. 69%), but higher frequency of the consumption of soft drinks, fast-food, coffee as well as salt use at the table. The results show that the use of dietary supplements in adolescence is a common phenomenon and slightly conditioned by eating behaviors. This unfavorable habit of common dietary supplements intake observed among students indicates the need for education on the benefits and risks of the supplements usage.

Integrated care experiences and outcomes in Germany, the Netherlands, and England.

PubMed

Busse, Reinhard; Stahl, Juliane

2014-09-01

Care for people with chronic conditions is an issue of increasing importance in industrialized countries. This article examines three recent efforts at care coordination that have been evaluated but not yet included in systematic reviews. The first is Germany's Gesundes Kinzigtal, a population-based approach that organizes care across all health service sectors and indications in a targeted region. The second is a program in the Netherlands that bundles payments for patients with certain chronic conditions. The third is England's integrated care pilots, which take a variety of approaches to care integration for a range of target populations. Results have been mixed. Some intermediate clinical outcomes, process indicators, and indicators of provider satisfaction improved; patient experience improved in some cases and was unchanged or worse in others. Across the English pilots, emergency hospital admissions increased compared to controls in a difference-in-difference analysis, but planned admissions declined. Using the same methods to study all three programs, we observed savings in Germany and England. However, the disease-oriented Dutch approach resulted in significantly increased costs. The Kinzigtal model, including its shared-savings incentive, may well deserve more attention both in Europe and in the United States because it combines addressing a large population and different conditions with clear but simple financial incentives for providers, the management company, and the insurer. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

12 CFR 225.200 - Conditions to Board's section 20 orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... directors or the chief executive officer of an affiliated section 20 subsidiary. (ii) Directors, officers or... financial reporting, anti-fraud and financial responsibility rules applicable to broker-dealers. In addition...) Directors, officers or employees of a bank or thrift subsidiary of a bank holding company, or a bank or...

77 FR 7236 - Information Collection Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-10

... persons may seek to preserve rail service by filing with the Board: an offer of financial assistance (OFA...), including a request for the Board to set terms and conditions of the financial assistance; a request for a... information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the Board, including whether the...

45 CFR 400.103 - Coverage of refugees who spend down to State financial eligibility standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Welfare OFFICE OF REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM Refugee Medical Assistance Conditions of Eligibility for Refugee Medical Assistance § 400.103 Coverage of refugees who spend down to State financial eligibility...

17 CFR 210.6A-03 - Statements of financial condition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935, INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940, INVESTMENT ADVISERS ACT OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Employee Stock Purchase... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Statements of financial...

12 CFR 208.23 - Agricultural loan loss amortization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... principal shareholders, a participating bank may amortize in its Reports of Condition and Income: (i) Any loss on a qualified agricultural loan that the bank would be required to reflect in its financial... required to reflect in its financial statements for any period between and including 1983 and 1991...

75 FR 475 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-05

... such member's financial condition as disclosed in its most recent balance sheet prepared either in... satisfying the requirement that members make balance sheet information available to bona fide regular... most recent balance sheet . * * *'' FINRA is proposing to provide members with the option of delivering...

41 CFR 102-35.20 - What definitions apply to GSA's personal property regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... determine its capitalization thresholds as discussed in Financial Accounting Standard Advisory Board (FASAB) Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards No. 6 Accounting for Property, Plant and Equipment... an agency, along with a formal process to verify the condition, location, and quantity of such items...

Financial Management of Canadian Universities: Adaptive Strategies to Fiscal Constraints

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deering, Darren; Sá, Creso M.

2014-01-01

Decreasing government funding and regulated tuition policies have created a financially constrained environment for Canada's universities. The conventional response to such conditions is to cut programme offerings and services in an attempt to lower costs throughout the institution. However, we argue that three Canadian universities have reacted…

78 FR 4026 - Definition of Troubled Condition

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-18

... made a difference. From cases arising in the recent financial crisis, NCUA has learned that it must be.... In some cases during the crisis, it was not possible to respond quickly enough when NCUA's CAMEL... rating by NCUA in either the Financial Risk or Risk Management composites; (2) A corporate FISCU is...

24 CFR 902.60 - Data collection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Data collection. 902.60 Section 902... PUBLIC HOUSING ASSESSMENT SYSTEM PHAS Scoring § 902.60 Data collection. (a) Fiscal Year reporting period... transmission of the data. (c) Financial condition information. Year-end financial information to conduct the...

Financial auditing at enterprises for control of projects realized with credit fund-raising

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lukmanova, Inessa

2017-10-01

The article analyzes methods of conducting financial audit under the construction control of projects implemented with raising credit funds in modern conditions. This work aims to improve the methodological toolkit of construction control when lending projects of the construction of transport infrastructure. The paper considers correlations of various procedures of construction control, financial audit and organizational and technical factors affecting investment and construction projects. The authors presented the logical scheme of the process of lending to legal entities and developed an algorithm of the procedure for conducting a financial audit, allowing to make possible adjustments and the right decision.

Perceived financial status, health, and maladjustment in adolescence.

PubMed

Hamilton, Hayley A; Noh, Samuel; Adlaf, Edward M

2009-04-01

This study examines the relationship between adolescent perception of family financial status and diverse aspects of health and maladjustment. Data were derived from the 2005 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey of 7th-12th grade students in ontario, Canada. This biennial survey monitors mental and physical health, substance use, and delinquent behavior in adolescent students. Results indicate that the significance of perceived financial status varies across adolescent outcomes. Greater emotional distress and lower self-rated health are associated with a perception of below average financial status. The associations of illicit drug use and hazardous and harmful drinking with perceived financial status vary for younger and older adolescents. Adjustments for parental education highlight differences in the influences of perceived financial status and parental education on health and behavior. Results highlight the utility of perceived family financial status in examinations of adolescent health and behavior, and the importance of examining diverse aspects of health and maladjustment.

Trends in financial satisfaction: does poverty make a difference?

PubMed

Hsieh, Chang-Ming

2002-01-01

Gerontological studies on financial satisfaction have been limited by the dearth of longitudinal research and the lack of research that includes the concept of poverty. In order to bridge these gaps, this longitudinal study examines and compares the intracohort and intercohort effects on financial satisfaction trends by poverty status among Americans age 45 and above, using data from the General Social Surveys. The results suggest that for both the poor and the non-poor, changes in financial satisfaction trends are mostly due to strong negative intercohort effects, indicating that younger cohorts are less satisfied financially than the older ones. There appears to be a significant difference in the intercohort effects of financial satisfaction trends between the poor and the non-poor. However, such difference can be accounted for by the differences in the effects of education and social comparison (or relative deprivation) on financial satisfaction between the poor and the non-poor.

The structure and resilience of financial market networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kauê Dal'Maso Peron, Thomas; da Fontoura Costa, Luciano; Rodrigues, Francisco A.

2012-03-01

Financial markets can be viewed as a highly complex evolving system that is very sensitive to economic instabilities. The complex organization of the market can be represented in a suitable fashion in terms of complex networks, which can be constructed from stock prices such that each pair of stocks is connected by a weighted edge that encodes the distance between them. In this work, we propose an approach to analyze the topological and dynamic evolution of financial networks based on the stock correlation matrices. An entropy-related measurement is adopted to quantify the robustness of the evolving financial market organization. It is verified that the network topological organization suffers strong variation during financial instabilities and the networks in such periods become less robust. A statistical robust regression model is proposed to quantity the relationship between the network structure and resilience. The obtained coefficients of such model indicate that the average shortest path length is the measurement most related to network resilience coefficient. This result indicates that a collective behavior is observed between stocks during financial crisis. More specifically, stocks tend to synchronize their price evolution, leading to a high correlation between pair of stock prices, which contributes to the increase in distance between them and, consequently, decrease the network resilience.

The early indicators of financial failure: a study of bankrupt and solvent health systems.

PubMed

Coyne, Joseph S; Singh, Sher G

2008-01-01

This article presents a series of pertinent predictors of financial failure based on analysis of solvent and bankrupt health systems to identify which financial measures show the clearest distinction between success and failure. Early warning signals are evident from the longitudinal analysis as early as five years before bankruptcy. The data source includes seven years of annual statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by 13 health systems before they filed bankruptcy. Comparative data were compiled from five solvent health systems for the same seven-year period. Seven financial solvency ratios are included in this study, including four cash liquidity measures, two leverage measures, and one efficiency measure. The results show distinct financial trends between solvent and bankrupt health systems, in particular for the operating-cash-flow-related measures, namely Ratio 1: Operating Cash Flow Percentage Change, from prior to current period; Ratio 2: Operating Cash Flow to Net Revenues; and Ratio 4: Cash Flow to Total Liabilities, indicating sensitivity in the hospital industry to cash flow management. The high dependence on credit from third-party payers is cited as a reason for this; thus, there is a great need for cash to fund operations. Five managerial policy implications are provided to help health system managers avoid financial solvency problems in the future.

Assessing the financial characteristics of multi-institutional organizations.

PubMed Central

Coyne, J S

1985-01-01

The prospective pricing of health services is precipitating greater attention to financial characteristics and greater development of multi-institutional organizations (MIOs). This study compares the financial characteristics of 1,590 MIO hospitals with 2,819 freestanding hospitals by ownership type: church-operated, other not-for-profit, and investor-owned. Using 1981 data from the American Hospital Association, the hospitals' capital structure and profitability are measured using three financial ratios: total assets-to-equity, return on equity, and operating margin. The results indicate both greater leverage and greater profitability among MIO hospitals, particularly in the investor-owned sector. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to financial performance by hospital ownership type in the future. PMID:4038697

Assessing the financial characteristics of multi-institutional organizations.

PubMed

Coyne, J S

1985-02-01

The prospective pricing of health services is precipitating greater attention to financial characteristics and greater development of multi-institutional organizations (MIOs). This study compares the financial characteristics of 1,590 MIO hospitals with 2,819 freestanding hospitals by ownership type: church-operated, other not-for-profit, and investor-owned. Using 1981 data from the American Hospital Association, the hospitals' capital structure and profitability are measured using three financial ratios: total assets-to-equity, return on equity, and operating margin. The results indicate both greater leverage and greater profitability among MIO hospitals, particularly in the investor-owned sector. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to financial performance by hospital ownership type in the future.

Exploring definitions of financial abuse in elderly Korean immigrants: the contribution of traditional cultural values.

PubMed

Lee, Hee Yun; Lee, Sang E; Eaton, Charissa K

2012-10-01

The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural definitions of financial abuse from the perspective of 124 elderly Korean immigrants and to examine the role of traditional cultural values in their definitions by using a mixed methods approach. The qualitative analysis generated four themes relevant to definition of financial abuse. A binary logistic regression indicated that those with stronger cultural adherence to traditional values had higher odds of providing culture-based definitions of financial abuse. Education is needed for health professionals, social service providers, and adult protective workers to increase their understanding of culture-specific experiences of financial abuse among ethnic minority elders.

Financial hardship and self-rated health among low-income housing residents.

PubMed

Tucker-Seeley, Reginald D; Harley, Amy E; Stoddard, Anne M; Sorensen, Glorian G

2013-08-01

Self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to be predictive of morbidity and mortality. Evidence also shows that SRH is socioeconomically patterned, although this association differs depending on the indicator of socioeconomic status used. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between SRH and financial hardship among residents of low-income housing. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Health in Common Study (N = 828), an observational study to investigate social and physical determinants of cancer risk-related behaviors among residents of low-income housing in three cities in the Boston metropolitan area. Modified Poisson regression models were used to obtain the relative risk of low SRH (fair or poor), adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Unadjusted models revealed that the respondents reporting financial hardship were 53% more likely to report low SRH compared with those not reporting financial hardship. After controlling for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics, and psychological distress, the results showed that those reporting financial hardship were 44% more likely to report low SRH. Our results suggest that financial hardship is a robust predictor of SRH; and over and above the influence of demographic and traditional socioeconomic indicators, and even psychological distress, financial hardship remains strongly associated with low SRH. Additional research needs to be conducted to further elucidate this pathway and to better understand the determinants of variability in financial hardship among low-income housing residents to ensure the most appropriate policy levers (e.g., housing-related policy, food-related policy) are chosen to improve health outcomes in this population.

Renewable Energy Project Financing: Impacts of the Financial Crisis and Federal Legislation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwabe, P.; Cory, K.; Newcomb, J.

2009-07-01

Extraordinary financial market conditions have disrupted the flows of equity and debt investment into U.S. renewable energy (RE) projects since the fourth quarter of 2008. The pace and structure of renewable energy project finance has been reshaped by a combination of forces, including the financial crisis, global economic recession, and major changes in federal legislation affecting renewable energy finance. This report explores the impacts of these key market events on renewable energy project financing and development.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Newman, J.R.; Maltby, J.H.

The purpose of this presentation was to discuss the emerging role of financial entities in determining environmental requirements for international power projects. The paper outlines the following: emerging conditions; examples of announced privatization energy projects by country; types of government and international financial entity sources; problems for IPPs; similarity and differences between the World Bank and the USEPA; comparison of the international standards and regulations for power plants; recent trends/issues involving international power project approval; and recommendations for understanding/expediting the financial entities` environmental approval process and how to expedite this process.

Changes in Cross-Correlations as an Indicator for Systemic Risk

PubMed Central

Zheng, Zeyu; Podobnik, Boris; Feng, Ling; Li, Baowen

2012-01-01

The 2008–2012 global financial crisis began with the global recession in December 2007 and exacerbated in September 2008, during which the U.S. stock markets lost 20% of value from its October 11 2007 peak. Various studies reported that financial crisis are associated with increase in both cross-correlations among stocks and stock indices and the level of systemic risk. In this paper, we study 10 different Dow Jones economic sector indexes, and applying principle component analysis (PCA) we demonstrate that the rate of increase in principle components with short 12-month time windows can be effectively used as an indicator of systemic risk—the larger the change of PC1, the higher the increase of systemic risk. Clearly, the higher the level of systemic risk, the more likely a financial crisis would occur in the near future. PMID:23185692

49 CFR 260.55 - Lender's loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) The lender must report the outstanding principal and interest balance on each guaranteed loan... of other reports as required by the loan documents. The Lender must analyze the financial statements... trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial...

49 CFR 260.55 - Lender's loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) The lender must report the outstanding principal and interest balance on each guaranteed loan... of other reports as required by the loan documents. The Lender must analyze the financial statements... trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial...

49 CFR 260.55 - Lender's loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) The lender must report the outstanding principal and interest balance on each guaranteed loan... of other reports as required by the loan documents. The Lender must analyze the financial statements... trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial...

49 CFR 260.55 - Lender's loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) The lender must report the outstanding principal and interest balance on each guaranteed loan... of other reports as required by the loan documents. The Lender must analyze the financial statements... trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial...

49 CFR 260.55 - Lender's loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) The lender must report the outstanding principal and interest balance on each guaranteed loan... of other reports as required by the loan documents. The Lender must analyze the financial statements... trends, strengths, weaknesses, extraordinary transactions, and other indications of the financial...

The Impacts of Regulations and Financial Development on the Operations of Supply Chains with Greenhouse Gas Emissions

PubMed Central

Xiao, Zhuang; Tian, Yixiang; Yuan, Zheng

2018-01-01

To establish a micro foundation to understand the impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission regulations and financial development levels on firms’ GHG emissions, we build a two-stage dynamic game model to incorporate GHG emission regulations (in terms of an emission tax) and financial development (represented by the corresponding financing cost) into a two-echelon supply chain. With the subgame perfect equilibrium, we identify the conditions to determine whether an emission regulatory policy and/or financial development can affect GHG emissions in the supply chain. We also reveal the impacts of the strictness of GHG emission regulation, the financial development level, and the unit GHG emission rate on the operations of the supply chain and the corresponding profitability implications. Managerial insights are also discussed. PMID:29470451

Measuring financial performance: an overview of financial statements.

PubMed

Dalsted, N L

1995-07-01

Financial management has emerged as a critical component in the long-term viability of today's ranches and farms. Proper and timely financial reporting and analysis of financial statements are valuable tools that agricultural producers can use to monitor, coordinate, and plan their operational production and marketing schemes and strategies. A side note to preparation of financial statements. With the concerns over lender liability issues associated with statements either assisted with or prepared by a lending officer, agricultural producers will be responsible for preparing their own statements. The lending institutions may prepare their own statements in their assessment of the financial condition of a business and or individual, but, ultimately, the responsibility of financial statements is the borrower's. Some of the material presented in this article provides important input for use in such analytical programs as the National Cattlemen's Association, Integrated Resource Committees, and Standard Performance Analysis (SPA). SPA techniques and associated software have been or currently are under development for cow-calf, stocker, seedstock, and sheep enterprises. Critical to the analysis is having complete and correct financial statements. These analytical programs build on the financial statements. These analytical programs build on the financial statements as recommended by the FFSTF. Proper financial reporting is critical not only to a SPA assessment but also to the overall financial management of today's farms and ranches. Recognizing the importance of financial management in production agriculture is not enough, taking a proactive stance in one's financial plan is paramount to success. Failure to do so will only enhance the exit rates of producers from production agriculture.

Economic growth and environmental pollution in Myanmar: an analysis of environmental Kuznets curve.

PubMed

Aung, Thiri Shwesin; Saboori, Behnaz; Rasoulinezhad, Ehsan

2017-09-01

This empirical study examines the short- and long-run relationship between GDP as an economic growth indicator and CO 2 emissions as an environmental pollution indicator in Myanmar by using annual time series data over the period of 1970-2014. It also carefully considered other proxies, such as trade openness, financial openness and urbanization, and structural breaks in the country. The fundamental objective of this study is to test the validity of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the context of Myanmar. The dynamic estimates of the long- and short-term relationship among greenhouse gases (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O), GDP, trade intensity, financial openness, and urbanization growth are built through an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The empirical findings indicate that there is positive short- and long-run relationship between CO 2 and GDP and thus, no evidence of EKC hypothesis is found for CO 2 in Myanmar. Nevertheless, the existence of the EKC is observed for CH 4 and N 2 O. On the other hand, trade and financial openness have inverse relationship with CO 2 emissions. These results demonstrate that trade liberalization and financial openness will improve the environment quality in Myanmar in the long run.

Do grandparents compete with or support their grandchildren? In Guatemala, paternal grandmothers may compete, and maternal grandmothers may cooperate.

PubMed

Sheppard, Paula; Sear, Rebecca

2016-04-01

Previous research has found that the presence of grandparents, particularly grandmothers, is often positively associated with child survival. Little research has explored the potential mechanisms driving these associations. We use data from rural Guatemala to test whether contact with and direct investment (advice and financial) from grandparents is associated with child health, proxied by height. Our results demonstrate the complexity of family relationships and their influence on child health, suggesting that both cooperative and competitive relationships exist within the family. The clearest evidence we find for grandparental influence is that having a living paternal grandmother tends to be negatively associated with child height. By contrast, contact with maternal kin appears broadly to be beneficial for child height, although these relationships are weaker. These patterns are mirrored in maternal body mass index, suggesting grandparental influence acts partly through maternal health. These findings support the hypotheses that, under conditions of limited resources, family relationships may be competitive within the family lineage which shares the same resource base, but cooperative when there are few costs to cooperation. Finally, financial assistance from maternal grandfathers is positively correlated with infant length but negatively with the height of older children, perhaps because the receipt of financial support is an indication of need. The provision of advice shows no associations with child height.

Health Beliefs Describing Patients Enrolling in Community Pharmacy Disease Management Programs.

PubMed

Luder, Heidi; Frede, Stacey; Kirby, James; King, Keith; Heaton, Pamela

2016-08-01

The purpose of this study was to survey new enrollees in a community pharmacy, employer-based diabetes and hypertension coaching program to describe the characteristics, health beliefs, and cues to action of newly enrolled participants. A 70-question, 5-point Likert-type survey was developed using constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). New enrollees in the coaching programs completed the survey. Survey responses between controlled and uncontrolled patients and patient demographics were compared. Between November 2011 and November 2012, 154 patients completed the survey. Patients were fairly well controlled with a mean hemoglobin A1C of 7.3% and a mean blood pressure of 134/82 mm Hg. The strongest cue to action for enrollment was the financial incentives offered by the employer (mean: 3.33, median: 4). White patients were significantly more motivated by financial incentives. More patients indicated they had not enrolled previously in the program because they were unaware it was available (mean: 2.89, median 3.0) and these patients were more likely to have an uncontrolled condition (P ≤ 0.050). A top factor motivating patients to enroll in a disease management coaching program was the receipt of financial incentives. Significant differences in HBM, TPB, and TRA responses were seen for patients with different demographics. © The Author(s) 2015.

Financial Motivation Undermines Maintenance in an Intensive Diet and Activity Intervention

PubMed Central

Moller, Arlen C.; McFadden, H. Gene; Hedeker, Donald; Spring, Bonnie

2012-01-01

Financial incentives are widely used in health behavior interventions. However, self-determination theory posits that emphasizing financial incentives can have negative consequences if experienced as controlling. Feeling controlled into performing a behavior tends to reduce enjoyment and undermine maintenance after financial contingencies are removed (the undermining effect). We assessed participants' context-specific financial motivation to participate in the Make Better Choices trial—a trial testing four different strategies for improving four health risk behaviors: low fruit and vegetable intake, high saturated fat intake, low physical activity, and high sedentary screen time. The primary outcome was overall healthy lifestyle change; weight loss was a secondary outcome. Financial incentives were contingent upon meeting behavior goals for 3 weeks and became contingent upon merely providing data during the 4.5-month maintenance period. Financial motivation for participation was assessed at baseline using a 7-item scale (α = .97). Across conditions, a main effect of financial motivation predicted a steeper rate of weight regained during the maintenance period, t(165) = 2.15, P = .04. Furthermore, financial motivation and gender interacted significantly in predicting maintenance of healthy diet and activity changes, t(160) = 2.42, P = .016, such that financial motivation had a more deleterious influence among men. Implications for practice and future research on incentivized lifestyle and weight interventions are discussed. PMID:22548152

Correlation of financial markets in times of crisis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sandoval, Leonidas; Franca, Italo De Paula

2012-01-01

Using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of correlations matrices of some of the main financial market indices in the world, we show that high volatility of markets is directly linked with strong correlations between them. This means that markets tend to behave as one during great crashes. In order to do so, we investigate financial market crises that occurred in the years 1987 (Black Monday), 1998 (Russian crisis), 2001 (Burst of the dot-com bubble and September 11), and 2008 (Subprime Mortgage Crisis), which mark some of the largest downturns of financial markets in the last three decades.

Punishment as a means of competition: implications for strong reciprocity theory.

PubMed

Paál, Tünde; Bereczkei, Tamás

2015-01-01

Strong negative reciprocity, that is, sanctions imposed on norm violators at the punisher's own expense, has powerful cooperation-enhancing effects in both real-life and experimental game situations. However, it is plausible that punishment may obtain alternative roles depending on social context and the personality characteristics of participants. We examined the occurrence of punishing behavior among 80 subjects in a strongly competitive Public Goods game setting. Despite the punishment condition, the amount of the contributions decreased steadily during the game. The amount of contributions had no significant effect on received and imposed punishments. The results indicate that certain social contexts (in this case, intensive competition) exert modifying effects on the role that punishment takes on. Subjects punished each other in order to achieve a higher rank and a financially better outcome. Punishment primarily functioned as a means of rivalry, instead of as a way of second-order cooperation, as strong reciprocity suggests. These results indicate the need for the possible modification of the social conditions of punishment mechanisms described by the strong reciprocity theory as an evolutionary explanation of human cooperation.

Punishment as a Means of Competition: Implications for Strong Reciprocity Theory

PubMed Central

Paál, Tünde; Bereczkei, Tamás

2015-01-01

Strong negative reciprocity, that is, sanctions imposed on norm violators at the punisher’s own expense, has powerful cooperation-enhancing effects in both real-life and experimental game situations. However, it is plausible that punishment may obtain alternative roles depending on social context and the personality characteristics of participants. We examined the occurrence of punishing behavior among 80 subjects in a strongly competitive Public Goods game setting. Despite the punishment condition, the amount of the contributions decreased steadily during the game. The amount of contributions had no significant effect on received and imposed punishments. The results indicate that certain social contexts (in this case, intensive competition) exert modifying effects on the role that punishment takes on. Subjects punished each other in order to achieve a higher rank and a financially better outcome. Punishment primarily functioned as a means of rivalry, instead of as a way of second-order cooperation, as strong reciprocity suggests. These results indicate the need for the possible modification of the social conditions of punishment mechanisms described by the strong reciprocity theory as an evolutionary explanation of human cooperation. PMID:25811464

Financial implications of the continuity of primary care.

PubMed

Hollander, Marcus J; Kadlec, Helena

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to assess the financial implications of the continuity of care, for patients with high care needs, by examining the cost of government-funded health care services in British Columbia, Canada. Using British Columbia Ministry of Health administrative databases for fiscal year 2010-2011 and generalized linear models, we estimated cost ratios for 10 cost-related predictor variables, including patients' attachment to the practice. Patients were selected and divided into groups on the basis of their Resource Utilization Band (RUB) and placement in provincial registries for 8 chronic conditions (1,619,941 patients). The final dataset included all high- and very-high-care-needs patients in British Columbia (ie, RUB categories 4 and 5) in 1 or more of the 8 registries who met the screening criteria (222,779 patients). Of the 10 predictors, across 8 medical conditions and both RUBs, patients' attachment to the practice had the strongest relationship to costs (correlations = -0.168 to -0.322). Higher attachment was associated with lower costs. Extrapolation of the findings indicated that an increase of 5% in the overall attachment level, for the selected high-care-needs patients, could have resulted in an estimated cost avoidance of $142 million Canadian for fiscal year 2010-2011. Continuity of care, defined as a patient's attachment to his/her primary care practice, can reduce health care costs over time and across chronic conditions. Health care policy makers may wish to consider creating opportunities for primary care physicians to increase the attachment that their high-care-needs patients have to their practices.

[Financial compensation for asbestosis patients].

PubMed

Hagmolen Of Ten Have, W; Rooijackers, J M; Burgers, J A

2016-01-01

Asbestosis in the Netherlands is a rare work-related form of pulmonary fibrosis caused by long-term, intensive exposure to asbestos. It can have a great impact on patients' quality of life and life expectancy even 20-30 years after initial exposure. The Dutch Institute of Asbestos Victims (IAS) mediates between the victims and their employers or former employers about payment of compensation. Liability procedures against a previous employer are long and stressful. Since 1 April 2014 it has, therefore, been possible to receive financial aid from the state. The IAS and the Netherlands Asbestosis Panel determine who is eligible for this. In this article we look in detail at the conditions for, and the process of, application for this financial aid. Since the introduction of this arrangement, more than 250 asbestosis victims have applied for aid; so far, 65 applicants have met the required conditions.

Hospital-physician relations: the relative importance of economic, relational and professional attributes to organizational attractiveness.

PubMed

Trybou, Jeroen; Gemmel, Paul; Van Vaerenbergh, Yves; Annemans, Lieven

2014-05-21

Belgian hospitals face a growing shortage of physicians and increasingly competitive market conditions. In this challenging environment hospitals are struggling to build effective hospital-physician relationships which are considered to be a critical determinant of organizational success. Employed physicians of a University hospital were surveyed. Organizational attributes were identified through the literature and two focus groups. Variables were measured using validated questionnaires. Descriptive analyses and linear regression were used to test the model and relative importance analyses were performed. The selected attributes predict hospital attractiveness significantly (79.3%). The relative importance analysis revealed that hospital attractiveness is most strongly predicted by professional attributes (35.3%) and relational attributes (29.7%). In particular, professional development opportunities (18.8%), hospital prestige (16.5%), organizational support (17.2%) and leader support (9.3%) were found to be most important. Besides these non-economic aspects, the employed physicians indicated pay and financial benefits (7.4%) as a significant predictor of hospital attractiveness. Work-life balance and job security were not significantly related to hospital attractiveness. This study shows that initiatives aimed at strengthening physicians' positive perceptions of professional and relational aspects of practicing medicine in hospitals, while assuring satisfactory financial conditions, may offer useful avenues for increasing the level of perceived hospital attractiveness. Overall, hospitals are advised to use a differentiated approach to increase their attractiveness to physicians.

Hospital-physician relations: the relative importance of economic, relational and professional attributes to organizational attractiveness

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Belgian hospitals face a growing shortage of physicians and increasingly competitive market conditions. In this challenging environment hospitals are struggling to build effective hospital-physician relationships which are considered to be a critical determinant of organizational success. Methods Employed physicians of a University hospital were surveyed. Organizational attributes were identified through the literature and two focus groups. Variables were measured using validated questionnaires. Descriptive analyses and linear regression were used to test the model and relative importance analyses were performed. Results The selected attributes predict hospital attractiveness significantly (79.3%). The relative importance analysis revealed that hospital attractiveness is most strongly predicted by professional attributes (35.3%) and relational attributes (29.7%). In particular, professional development opportunities (18.8%), hospital prestige (16.5%), organizational support (17.2%) and leader support (9.3%) were found to be most important. Besides these non-economic aspects, the employed physicians indicated pay and financial benefits (7.4%) as a significant predictor of hospital attractiveness. Work-life balance and job security were not significantly related to hospital attractiveness. Conclusions This study shows that initiatives aimed at strengthening physicians’ positive perceptions of professional and relational aspects of practicing medicine in hospitals, while assuring satisfactory financial conditions, may offer useful avenues for increasing the level of perceived hospital attractiveness. Overall, hospitals are advised to use a differentiated approach to increase their attractiveness to physicians. PMID:24884491

More than meets the eye: social, economic, and emotional impacts of work-related injury and illness.

PubMed

Lax, Michael B; Klein, Rosemary

2008-01-01

The impact of an occupational illness or injury on an injured worker can be severe. This study assessed several dimensions of the impact on a group of 50 injured workers, all patients at an Occupational Health Center. The dimensions assessed included aspects of access to health care, support from treating physicians in obtaining Workers' Compensation benefits, financial impacts, the role of attorneys and "Independent Medical Examiners," and the impact on mental health. Many reported that their treating physician did not want to become involved in Workers' Compensation, despite indicating a belief that the health condition was work-related. The financial impacts of a work-related diagnosis were particularly striking, with respondents reporting that they were burdened both with costs directly related to the medical care of their condition, and with coping with ongoing general expenses on a reduced income. Many respondents reported depleting savings, borrowing money, taking out retirement funds, and declaring bankruptcy in efforts to cope. Emotionally, respondents almost universally reported their diagnosis and related issues were associated with depression, anxiety, and loss of identity and self-worth. This study demonstrates how a work-related injury or illness can extend far beyond the physical impact for injured workers. Existing systems fail to adequately compensate or rehabilitate injured workers, leaving them to their own devices to deal with their losses, medical or otherwise.

Investigation on the Efficiency of Financial Companies in Malaysia with Data Envelopment Analysis Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weng Siew, Lam; Kah Fai, Liew; Weng Hoe, Lam

2018-04-01

Financial ratio and risk are important financial indicators to evaluate the financial performance or efficiency of the companies. Therefore, financial ratio and risk factor are needed to be taken into consideration to evaluate the efficiency of the companies with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. In DEA model, the efficiency of the company is measured as the ratio of sum-weighted outputs to sum-weighted inputs. The objective of this paper is to propose a DEA model by incorporating the financial ratio and risk factor in evaluating and comparing the efficiency of the financial companies in Malaysia. In this study, the listed financial companies in Malaysia from year 2004 until 2015 are investigated. The results of this study show that AFFIN, ALLIANZ, APEX, BURSA, HLCAP, HLFG, INSAS, LPI, MNRB, OSK, PBBANK, RCECAP and TA are ranked as efficient companies. This implies that these efficient companies have utilized their resources or inputs optimally to generate the maximum outputs. This study is significant because it helps to identify the efficient financial companies as well as determine the optimal input and output weights in maximizing the efficiency of financial companies in Malaysia.

Financial Markets during Highly Anxious Time: Multifractal Fluctuations in Asset Returns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siokis, Fotios M.

Building on the notion that systems and in particular complex systems such as stock exchange markets reveal their structure better when they are under stress, we analyze the multifractal character and nonlinear properties of four major stock market indices during financial meltdowns by means of the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). The three distinct financial crises under investigation are the Black Monday, the Dot-Com and the Great Recession. Scaling and Hurst exponents are derived as well as the singularity spectra. The results show that all indices exhibit strong multifractal properties. The complexity of the markets is higher under the Black Monday event revealed by the width of the singularity spectrum and the higher α0 parameter.

Reconceptualizing the Role of the Director of Religious Studies: A New Zealand Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Lyn Marie; van der Nest, Theo

2016-01-01

The Private Schools Conditional Integration Act (PSCI Act) of 1975 in New Zealand reinvigorated a Catholic education system, on the verge of financial collapse. This enacted legislation required Catholic authorities to develop and maintain the "Special Character" of the school. Financial or State aid is dependent on each school's ability…

Report on the Audit of the Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Fund, Bad Aibling Station, West Germany

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-29

This is our final report on the Audit of the Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Fund (the Fund), Bad Aibling Station (the Station), West Germany. The...objectives of the audit were to determine whether the financial statements presented fairly the financial condition and results of operations of the

24 CFR 100.130 - Discrimination in the terms and conditions for making available loans or other financial assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... availability of such loans or other financial assistance because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap... of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin. (2) Determining the... which is secured by residential real estate, because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial...

Surviving Economic Crises through Education. Global Studies in Education, Volume 11

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cole, David R., Ed.

2012-01-01

This book comes at a time of increasing anxiety about the repercussions of financial instability and the probability of widespread market volatility. The educators and researchers whose work is collected here have considered these factors deeply when constructing their responses to prevailing financial conditions. These views guide the reader…

12 CFR 28.12 - Approval of a Federal branch or agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., the OCC considers: (1) The financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the applicant... operations of the foreign bank to assess the foreign bank's overall financial condition and compliance with... consolidation with, a foreign bank that has an office in the United States, may proceed with the transaction...

[A Critical Condition of Clinical Studies in Japan -- A Battle of Clinical Study Groups].

PubMed

Furukawa, Hiroshi

2016-04-01

The post-marketing clinical study groups have been losing their activity due to stop of financial support. As the result, clinical study groups cannot achieve any EBM for treatment guidelines. Financial supports should be restarted immediately not to extinguish the post-marketing clinical studies and study groups.

The Effect of Labor Market Conditions and Financial Aid on Doctoral Student Retention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ampaw, Frimpomaa D.

2010-01-01

Forty-three percent of doctoral students never complete their degree. This dropout is the highest among graduate and professional degree programs. Previous cross sectional studies of doctoral students' retention show the importance of financial aid in predicting degree completion. The studies however, do not estimate the labor market's effect on…

75 FR 2850 - Notice of Proposed New Fee Sites; Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, (Title VIII, Pub. L...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-19

... planning to charge fees at eight recreation sites. All sites have recently been reconstructed or amenities... Springs Guard Station will be available for overnight rental. A financial analysis is being completed to... improve deteriorating resource conditions and recreation experiences. A financial analysis is being...

24 CFR 100.130 - Discrimination in the terms and conditions for making available loans or other financial assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... availability of such loans or other financial assistance because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap... of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin. (2) Determining the... which is secured by residential real estate, because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial...

24 CFR 100.130 - Discrimination in the terms and conditions for making available loans or other financial assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... availability of such loans or other financial assistance because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap... of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin. (2) Determining the... which is secured by residential real estate, because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial...

Ethical acceptability of offering financial incentives for taking antipsychotic depot medication: patients' and clinicians' perspectives after a 12-month randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Noordraven, Ernst L; Schermer, Maartje H N; Blanken, Peter; Mulder, Cornelis L; Wierdsma, André I

2017-08-29

A randomized controlled trial 'Money for Medication'(M4M) was conducted in which patients were offered financial incentives for taking antipsychotic depot medication. This study assessed the attitudes and ethical considerations of patients and clinicians who participated in this trial. Three mental healthcare institutions in secondary psychiatric care in the Netherlands participated in this study. Patients (n = 169), 18-65 years, diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or another psychotic disorder who had been prescribed antipsychotic depot medication, were randomly assigned to receive 12 months of either treatment as usual plus a financial reward for each depot of medication received (intervention group) or treatment as usual alone (control group). Structured questionnaires were administered after the 12-month intervention period. Data were available for 133 patients (69 control and 64 intervention) and for 97 clinicians. Patients (88%) and clinicians (81%) indicated that financial incentives were a good approach to improve medication adherence. Ethical concerns were categorized according to the four-principles approach (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice). Patients and clinicians alike mentioned various advantages of M4M in clinical practice, such as increased medication adherence and improved illness insight; but also disadvantages such as reduced intrinsic motivation, loss of autonomy and feelings of dependence. Overall, patients evaluated financial incentives as an effective method of improving medication adherence and were willing to accept this reward during clinical treatment. Clinicians were also positive about the use of this intervention in daily practice. Ethical concerns are discussed in terms of patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. We conclude that this intervention is ethically acceptable under certain conditions, and that further research is necessary to clarify issues of benefit, motivation and the preferred size and duration of the incentive. Nederlands Trial Register, number NTR2350 .

The use of interest rate swaps by nonprofit organizations: evidence from nonprofit health care providers.

PubMed

Stewart, Louis J; Trussel, John

2006-01-01

Although the use of derivatives, particularly interest rate swaps, has grown explosively over the past decade, derivative financial instrument use by nonprofits has received only limited attention in the research literature. Because little is known about the risk management activities of nonprofits, the impact of these instruments on the ability of nonprofits to raise capital may have significant public policy implications. The primary motivation of this study is to determine the types of derivatives used by nonprofits and estimate the frequency of their use among these organizations. Our study also extends contemporary finance theory by an empirical examination of the motivation for interest rate swap usage among nonprofits. Our empirical data came from 193 large nonprofit health care providers that issued debt to the public between 2000 and 2003. We used a univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis relying on logistic regression models to test alternative explanations of interest rate swaps usage by nonprofits, finding that more than 45 percent of our sample, 88 organizations, used interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value in excess of $8.3 billion. Our empirical tests indicate the primary motive for nonprofits to use interest rate derivatives is to hedge their exposure to interest rate risk. Although these derivatives are a useful risk management tool, under conditions of falling bond market interest rates these derivatives may also expose a nonprofit swap user to the risk of a material unscheduled termination payment. Finally, we found considerable diversity in the informativeness of footnote disclosure among sample organizations that used interest rate swaps. Many nonprofits did not disclose these risks in their financial statements. In conclusion, we find financial managers in large nonprofits commonly use derivative financial instruments as risk management tools, but the use of interest rate swaps by nonprofits may expose them to other risks that are not adequately disclosed in their financial statements.

Impact of hospital-acquired conditions on financial liabilities for Medicare patients.

PubMed

Coomer, Nicole M; Kandilov, Amy M G

2016-11-01

Hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) can increase the financial liabilities faced by patients when the HACs require additional treatment both in the hospital and in subsequent health care encounters. This article estimates incremental effects of 6 HACs on Medicare beneficiary financial liabilities. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to examine the differences in beneficiary liability between care episodes with and without HACs. Episodes included the index hospitalization in which the HAC occurred and all inpatient, outpatient, and physician claims within 90 days of index hospital discharge. Medicare fee-for-service patients discharged from a hospital in fiscal year (FY) 2009 or FY 2010 with severe pressure ulcer, fracture, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, vascular catheter-associated infection, surgical site infection, or deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism after certain orthopedic procedures were matched by diagnosis, sex, race, and age to with patients without HACs. Medicare patients were liable for an additional $20.5 million per year across the HAC episodes compared with what they would have owed without the HACs. Beneficiaries with HACs were also more likely to exhaust their Part A days in the index hospitalization. HACs create significant financial burden for Medicare beneficiaries. The incremental financial liabilities are concentrated in the episode of care after the index hospitalization with the HAC. Policies and programs that reduce HAC incidence will improve Medicare beneficiaries' physical and financial health. Copyright © 2016 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. All rights reserved.

Determinants of financial performance of home-visit nursing agencies in Japan.

PubMed

Fukui, Sakiko; Yoshiuchi, Kazuhiro; Fujita, Junko; Ikezaki, Sumie

2014-01-09

Japan has the highest aging population in the world and promotion of home health services is an urgent policy issue. As home-visit nursing plays a major role in home health services, the Japanese government began promotion of this activity in 1994. However, the scale of home-visit nursing agencies has remained small (the average numbers of nursing staff and other staff were 4.2 and 1.7, respectively, in 2011) and financial performance (profitability) is a concern in such small agencies. Additionally, the factors related to profitability in home-visit nursing agencies in Japan have not been examined multilaterally and in detail. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the determinants of financial performance of home-visit nursing agencies. We performed a nationwide survey of 2,912 randomly selected home-visit nursing agencies in Japan. Multinomial logistic regression was used to clarify the determinants of profitability of the agency (profitable, stable or unprofitable) based on variables related to management of the agency (operating structure, management by a nurse manager, employment, patient utilization, quality control, regional cooperation, and financial condition). Among the selected home-visit nursing agencies, responses suitable for analysis were obtained from 1,340 (effective response rate, 46.0%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that both profitability and unprofitability were related to multiple variables in management of the agency when compared to agencies with stable financial performance. These variables included the number of nursing staff/rehabilitation staff/patients, being owned by a hospital, the number of cooperative hospitals, home-death rate among terminal patients, controlling staff objectives by nurse managers, and income going to compensation. The results suggest that many variables in management of a home-visit nursing agency, including the operating structure of the agency, regional cooperation, staff employment, patient utilization, and quality control of care, have an influence in both profitable and unprofitable agencies. These findings indicate the importance of consideration of management issues in achieving stable financial performance in home-visit nursing agencies in Japan. The findings may also be useful in other countries with growing aging populations.

Determinants of financial performance of home-visit nursing agencies in Japan

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Japan has the highest aging population in the world and promotion of home health services is an urgent policy issue. As home-visit nursing plays a major role in home health services, the Japanese government began promotion of this activity in 1994. However, the scale of home-visit nursing agencies has remained small (the average numbers of nursing staff and other staff were 4.2 and 1.7, respectively, in 2011) and financial performance (profitability) is a concern in such small agencies. Additionally, the factors related to profitability in home-visit nursing agencies in Japan have not been examined multilaterally and in detail. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the determinants of financial performance of home-visit nursing agencies. Methods We performed a nationwide survey of 2,912 randomly selected home-visit nursing agencies in Japan. Multinomial logistic regression was used to clarify the determinants of profitability of the agency (profitable, stable or unprofitable) based on variables related to management of the agency (operating structure, management by a nurse manager, employment, patient utilization, quality control, regional cooperation, and financial condition). Results Among the selected home-visit nursing agencies, responses suitable for analysis were obtained from 1,340 (effective response rate, 46.0%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that both profitability and unprofitability were related to multiple variables in management of the agency when compared to agencies with stable financial performance. These variables included the number of nursing staff/rehabilitation staff/patients, being owned by a hospital, the number of cooperative hospitals, home-death rate among terminal patients, controlling staff objectives by nurse managers, and income going to compensation. Conclusions The results suggest that many variables in management of a home-visit nursing agency, including the operating structure of the agency, regional cooperation, staff employment, patient utilization, and quality control of care, have an influence in both profitable and unprofitable agencies. These findings indicate the importance of consideration of management issues in achieving stable financial performance in home-visit nursing agencies in Japan. The findings may also be useful in other countries with growing aging populations. PMID:24400964

Variable diffusion in stock market fluctuations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hua, Jia-Chen; Chen, Lijian; Falcon, Liberty; McCauley, Joseph L.; Gunaratne, Gemunu H.

2015-02-01

We analyze intraday fluctuations in several stock indices to investigate the underlying stochastic processes using techniques appropriate for processes with nonstationary increments. The five most actively traded stocks each contains two time intervals during the day where the variance of increments can be fit by power law scaling in time. The fluctuations in return within these intervals follow asymptotic bi-exponential distributions. The autocorrelation function for increments vanishes rapidly, but decays slowly for absolute and squared increments. Based on these results, we propose an intraday stochastic model with linear variable diffusion coefficient as a lowest order approximation to the real dynamics of financial markets, and to test the effects of time averaging techniques typically used for financial time series analysis. We find that our model replicates major stylized facts associated with empirical financial time series. We also find that ensemble averaging techniques can be used to identify the underlying dynamics correctly, whereas time averages fail in this task. Our work indicates that ensemble average approaches will yield new insight into the study of financial markets' dynamics. Our proposed model also provides new insight into the modeling of financial markets dynamics in microscopic time scales.

Traps and transformations influencing the financial viability of tourism on private-land conservation areas.

PubMed

Clements, Hayley S; Cumming, Graeme S

2018-04-01

The ability of private conservation organizations to remain financially viable is a key factor influencing their effectiveness. One-third of financially motivated private-land conservation areas (PLCAs) surveyed in South Africa are unprofitable, raising questions about landowners' abilities to effectively adapt their business models to the socioeconomic environment. In any complex system, options for later adaptation can be constrained by starting conditions (path dependence). We tested 3 hypothesized drivers of path dependence in PLCA ecotourism and hunting business models: (H1) the initial size of a PLCA limits the number of mammalian game and thereby predators that can be sustained; (H2) initial investments in infrastructure limit the ability to introduce predators; and (H3) rainfall limits game and predator abundance. We further assessed how managing for financial stability (optimized game stocking) or ecological sustainability (allowing game to fluctuate with environmental conditions) influenced the ability to overcome path dependence. A mechanistic PLCA model based on simple ecological and financial rules was run for different initial conditions and management strategies, simulating landowner options for adapting their business model annually. Despite attempts by simulated landowners to increase profits, adopted business models after 13 years were differentiated by initial land and infrastructural assets, supporting H1 and H2. A conservation organization's initial assets can cause it to become locked into a financially vulnerable business model. In our 50-year simulation, path dependence was overcome by fewer of the landowners who facilitated natural ecological variability than those who maintained constant hunting rates and predator numbers, but the latter experienced unsustainably high game densities in low rainfall years. Management for natural variability supported long-term ecological sustainability but not shorter term socioeconomic sustainability for PLCAs. Our findings highlight trade-offs between ecological and economic sustainability and suggest a role for governmental support of the private conservation industry. © 2017 Society for Conservation Biology.

42 CFR 495.348 - Procurement standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... contractor integrity, record of past performance, financial and technical resources or accessibility to other.... The grantee must maintain written standards of conduct governing the performance of its employees... employs or is about to employ any of the parties indicated herein, has a financial or other interest in...

38 CFR 36.4326 - Subrogation and indemnity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the obligor's current financial situation and prospective earning potential and obligations indicates... situation will consider all of the following: (i) The obligor's current and anticipated family income based... financial situation. Such actions would include termination of the loan by means of a deed-in-lieu of...

5 CFR 4001.103 - Prohibited financial interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... in a publicly traded or publicly available investment fund which, in its prospectus, does not indicate the objective or practice of concentrating its investments in the securities of System... exercise control over the financial interests held in the fund; (2) Having a legal or beneficial interest...

Helical vortices generated by flapping wings of bumblebees

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farge, Marie; Engels, Thomas; Kolomenskiy, Dmitry; Schneider, Kai; Lehmann, Fritz; Sesterhenn, Jörn

2016-11-01

We analyze high resolution numerical simulation data of a bumblebee with fixed body and prescribed wing motion, flying in a numerical wind tunnel, presented in. The inflow condition of the tunnel varies from unperturbed laminar to strongly turbulent. The flow generated by the flapping wings indicates the important role of the leading edge vortex (LEV), responsible for elevated lift production and which is not significantly altered by the inflow turbulence. The LEV has a conical structure due to the three-dimensional motion of the wings. This flow configuration produces strong vorticity on the sharp leading edge and the outwards velocity (from the root to the tip of the wing) in the spanwise direction. Flow visualizations show that the generated vortical structures are characterized by a strong helicity. We study the evolution of the mean helicity for each wing and analyze the impact of turbulent inflow. We thankfully acknowledge financial support from the French-German AIFIT project funded by DFG and ANR (Grant 15-CE40-0019). DK gratefully acknowledges financial support from the JSPS postdoctoral fellowship.

[Marketing in the system of military-medical facilities].

PubMed

Kostiuchenko, O M; Sviridova, T B

2014-02-01

Military medical facilities of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian, have received the right to provide additional services and have been involved in the sphere of market relations. The strong influence of market relations - an objective reality that must be used for the development of military medical institutions and improving quality of care.Effective commercial activity can improve capabilities of the military medical institutions. This requires constant study of market mechanisms to implement and develop their competitive advantage. The paper substantiates the need for the participation of military medical institutions in the provision of health services to the public on the terms of compensation incurred by financial institutions costs (paid medical services, medical assistance program of compulsory and voluntary health insurance). Taking into account the specifics of military medical institutions set out basic principles and recommendations have been implementing marketing approach in their management, the practical application of which will not only increase efficiency, but also create conditions to improve the financial and economic indicators. This knowledge will help the mechanism of functioning health care market and the rules of interaction of market counterparties.

The endogenous dynamics of financial markets: Interaction and information dissemination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, ChunXia; Hu, Sen; Xia, BingYing

2012-06-01

We investigate the process that different interactions between investors will prompt information to propagate along a differentiated path and construct a financial market model. As information spreads, increasingly investors are attracted to participate in trading, then the “herding effect” is magnified gradually, which will induce the topology of market network to change and the price to fluctuate. Especially, under different initial conditions or parameters, the peak and fat-tail property is produced and the obtained statistic values coincide with empirical results: the power-law exponents between the peak value of return probability distribution and the time scales range from 0.579 to 0.747, and the exponents between the accumulation distribution and the return on the tail are close to 3. Besides, the extent of volatility clustering in our produced price series is close to that of S&P 500 and locates between NASDAQ and HSI. All the results obtained here indicate that the continuous variation of the “herding effect” resulting from information propagation among interacting investors may be the origin of stylized facts of price fluctuations.

Artificial neural network intelligent method for prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trifonov, Roumen; Yoshinov, Radoslav; Pavlova, Galya; Tsochev, Georgi

2017-09-01

Accounting and financial classification and prediction problems are high challenge and researchers use different methods to solve them. Methods and instruments for short time prediction of financial operations using artificial neural network are considered. The methods, used for prediction of financial data as well as the developed forecasting system with neural network are described in the paper. The architecture of a neural network used four different technical indicators, which are based on the raw data and the current day of the week is presented. The network developed is used for forecasting movement of stock prices one day ahead and consists of an input layer, one hidden layer and an output layer. The training method is algorithm with back propagation of the error. The main advantage of the developed system is self-determination of the optimal topology of neural network, due to which it becomes flexible and more precise The proposed system with neural network is universal and can be applied to various financial instruments using only basic technical indicators as input data.

Credit Default Swaps networks and systemic risk

PubMed Central

Puliga, Michelangelo; Caldarelli, Guido; Battiston, Stefano

2014-01-01

Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads should reflect default risk of the underlying corporate debt. Actually, it has been recognized that CDS spread time series did not anticipate but only followed the increasing risk of default before the financial crisis. In principle, the network of correlations among CDS spread time series could at least display some form of structural change to be used as an early warning of systemic risk. Here we study a set of 176 CDS time series of financial institutions from 2002 to 2011. Networks are constructed in various ways, some of which display structural change at the onset of the credit crisis of 2008, but never before. By taking these networks as a proxy of interdependencies among financial institutions, we run stress-test based on Group DebtRank. Systemic risk before 2008 increases only when incorporating a macroeconomic indicator reflecting the potential losses of financial assets associated with house prices in the US. This approach indicates a promising way to detect systemic instabilities. PMID:25366654

Credit Default Swaps networks and systemic risk.

PubMed

Puliga, Michelangelo; Caldarelli, Guido; Battiston, Stefano

2014-11-04

Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads should reflect default risk of the underlying corporate debt. Actually, it has been recognized that CDS spread time series did not anticipate but only followed the increasing risk of default before the financial crisis. In principle, the network of correlations among CDS spread time series could at least display some form of structural change to be used as an early warning of systemic risk. Here we study a set of 176 CDS time series of financial institutions from 2002 to 2011. Networks are constructed in various ways, some of which display structural change at the onset of the credit crisis of 2008, but never before. By taking these networks as a proxy of interdependencies among financial institutions, we run stress-test based on Group DebtRank. Systemic risk before 2008 increases only when incorporating a macroeconomic indicator reflecting the potential losses of financial assets associated with house prices in the US. This approach indicates a promising way to detect systemic instabilities.

Credit Default Swaps networks and systemic risk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puliga, Michelangelo; Caldarelli, Guido; Battiston, Stefano

2014-11-01

Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads should reflect default risk of the underlying corporate debt. Actually, it has been recognized that CDS spread time series did not anticipate but only followed the increasing risk of default before the financial crisis. In principle, the network of correlations among CDS spread time series could at least display some form of structural change to be used as an early warning of systemic risk. Here we study a set of 176 CDS time series of financial institutions from 2002 to 2011. Networks are constructed in various ways, some of which display structural change at the onset of the credit crisis of 2008, but never before. By taking these networks as a proxy of interdependencies among financial institutions, we run stress-test based on Group DebtRank. Systemic risk before 2008 increases only when incorporating a macroeconomic indicator reflecting the potential losses of financial assets associated with house prices in the US. This approach indicates a promising way to detect systemic instabilities.

Impact of global financial crisis on stylized facts between energy markets and stock markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leng, Tan Kim; Cheong, Chin Wen; Hooi, Tan Siow

2014-06-01

Understanding the stylized facts is extremely important and has becomes a hot issue nowadays. However, recent global financial crisis that started from United States had spread all over the world and adversely affected the commodities and financial sectors of both developed and developing countries. This paper tends to examine the impact of crisis on stylized facts between energy and stock markets using ARCH-family models based on the experience over 2008 global financial crisis. Empirical results denote that there is long lasting, persists and positively significant the autocorrelation function of absolute returns and their squares in both markets for before and during crisis. Besides that, leverage effects are found in stock markets whereby bad news has a greater impact on volatility than good news for both before and during crisis. However, crisis does not indicate any impact on risk-return tradeoff for both energy and stock markets. For forecasting evaluations, GARCH model and FIAPARCH model indicate superior out of sample forecasts for before and during crisis respectively.

Caregiver Burdens and Preventive Dental Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental Disability and/or Mental Health Conditions: National Survey of CSHCN, 2009-2010.

PubMed

Wiener, R Constance; Vohra, Rini; Sambamoorthi, Usha; Madhavan, S Suresh

2016-12-01

Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the burdens of caregivers on perception of the need and receipt of preventive dental care for a subset of children with special health care needs-children with Autism Spectrum disorder, developmental disability and/or mental health conditions (CASD/DD/MHC). Methods The authors used the 2009-2010 National Survey of CSHCN. The survey included questions addressing preventive dental care and caregivers' financial, employment, and time-related burdens. The associations of these burdens on perceptions and receipt of preventive dental care use were analyzed with bivariate Chi square analyses and multinomial logistic regressions for CASD/DD/MHC (N = 16,323). Results Overall, 16.3 % of CASD/DD/MHC had an unmet preventive dental care need. There were 40.0 % of caregivers who reported financial burden, 20.3 % who reported employment burden, and 10.8 % who reported time burden. A higher percentage of caregivers with financial burden, employment burden, and time-related burden reported that their CASD/DD/MHC did not receive needed preventive dental care (14.1, 16.5, 17.7 % respectively) compared to caregivers without financial, employment, or time burdens (9.0, 9.6 %, 11.0 % respectively). Caregivers with financial burden (adjusted multinomial odds ratio, 1.38 [95 % CI 1.02, 1.86] and employment burden (adjusted multinomial odds ratio, 1.45 [95 % CI 1.02, 2.06] were more likely to report that their child did not receive preventive dental care despite perceived need compared to caregivers without financial or employment burdens. Conclusions for practice Unmet needs for preventive dental care were associated with employment and financial burdens of the caregivers of CASD/DD/MHC.

Caregiver Burdens and Preventive Dental Care for Children with Autism Spectrum disorder, developmental disability and/or mental health conditions: National Survey of CSHCN, 2009–10

PubMed Central

Vohra, Rini; Sambamoorthi, Usha; Madhavan, S. Suresh

2016-01-01

Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the burdens of caregivers on one perception of the need and receipt of preventive dental care for a subset of children with special health care needs—children with Autism Spectrum disorder, developmental disability and/or mental health conditions (CASD/DD/MHC). Methods The authors used the 2009–2010 National Survey of CSHCN. The survey included questions addressing preventive dental care and caregivers’ financial, employment, and time-related burdens. The associations of these burdens on perceptions and receipt of preventive dental care use were analyzed with bivariate Chi square analyses and multinomial logistic regressions for CASD/DD/MHC (N=16,323). Results Overall, 16.3% of CASD/DD/MHC had an unmet preventive dental care need. There were 40.0% of caregivers who reported financial burden, 20.3% who reported employment burden, and 10.8% who reported time burden. A higher percentage of caregivers with financial burden, employment burden, and time-related burden reported that their CASD/DD/MHC did not receive needed preventive dental care (14.1 %, 16.5%, 17.7% respectively) compared to caregivers without financial, employment, or time burdens (9.0%, 9.6%, 11.0% respectively). Caregivers with financial burden (adjusted multinomial odds ratio, 1.38 [95%CI: 1.02, 1.86]) and employment burden (adjusted multinomial odds ratio, 1.45 [95%CI: 1.02, 2.06]) were more likely to report that their child did not receive preventive dental care despite perceived need compared to caregivers without financial or employment burdens. Conclusions for practice Unmet needs for preventive dental care were associated with employment and financial burdens of the caregivers of CASD/DD/MHC. PMID:27465058

Producing ammonium sulfate from flue gas desulfurization by-products

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chou, I.-Ming; Bruinius, J.A.; Benig, V.; Chou, S.-F.J.; Carty, R.H.

2005-01-01

Emission control technologies using flue gas desulfurization (FGD) have been widely adopted by utilities burning high-sulfur fuels. However, these technologies require additional equipment, greater operating expenses, and increased costs for landfill disposal of the solid by-products produced. The financial burdens would be reduced if successful high-volume commercial applications of the FGD solid by-products were developed. In this study, the technical feasibility of producing ammonium sulfate from FGD residues by allowing it to react with ammonium carbonate in an aqueous solution was preliminarily assessed. Reaction temperatures of 60, 70, and 80??C and residence times of 4 and 6 hours were tested to determine the optimal conversion condition and final product evaluations. High yields (up to 83%) of ammonium sulfate with up to 99% purity were achieved under relatively mild conditions. The optimal conversion condition was observed at 60??C and a 4-hour residence time. The results of this study indicate the technical feasibility of producing ammonium sulfate fertilizer from an FGD by-product. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Inc.

Malpractice paid losses and financial performance of nursing homes.

PubMed

Zhao, Mei; Haley, D Rob; Oetjen, Reid M; Carretta, Henry J

2011-01-01

Florida's nursing home industry has experienced significant financial pressure over the past decade. One of the primary reasons is the dramatic increase in litigation activity for nursing home providers claiming negligent care and abuse. Although anecdotal reports indicate a higher cost because of malpractice in nursing facilities, few studies have examined the extent of malpractice paid losses and their effect on the financial performance of nursing homes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of malpractice paid losses on the financial performance of nursing homes. Medicare Cost Report data and Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting data for Florida skilled nursing facilities over the 6-year period from 2001 to 2006 were used to calculate the malpractice paid losses and the financial performance indicators as well as the nursing home organizational and market factors. Descriptive analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to examine the effect of paid loss on financial performance. The paid loss for malpractice claims was strongly associated with financial performance. Nursing facilities with malpractice paid losses had consistently lower total margins over the study period. The threat of nursing home litigation may create an incentive for nursing homes to improve quality of care; however, large paid claims can also force nursing homes into a financial situation where the organization no longer has the resources to improve quality. Nursing home managers must assess their malpractice litigation risk and identify tactics to mitigate these risks to better provide a safe and secure environment for the older persons. In addition, this research offers support for local, state, and federal policymakers to revisit the issue of malpractice litigation and the nursing home industry through its insight on the relationship of nursing home margins and litigation.

A comparative study of financial data sources for critical access hospitals: audited financial statements, the Medicare cost report, and the Internal Revenue Service form 990.

PubMed

Ozmeral, Alisha Bhadelia; Reiter, Kristin L; Holmes, George M; Pink, George H

2012-01-01

Medicare cost reports (MCR), Internal Revenue Service form 990s (IRS 990), and audited financial statements (AFS) vary in their content, detail, purpose, timeliness, and certification. The purpose of this study was to compare selected financial data elements and characterize the extent of differences in financial data and ratios across the MCR, IRS 990, and AFS for a sample of nonprofit critical access hospitals (CAHs). Line items from AFS of 47 CAHs were compared to data reported in the hospitals' MCR and IRS 990s. Line items were based on 9 financial indicators commonly used to assess hospital financial performance. Of the indicators examined, the equity financing ratio most frequently matched between the 3 reports, while salaries and benefits to total expenses and debt service coverage were often different. Variances were driven by differences in individual account balances used to construct the ratios. Relative to AFS, cash was frequently lower on the IRS 990 while marketable securities and unrestricted investments were often higher. Other revenue and net income were consistently lower on the MCR and IRS 990, and depreciation was often higher on the MCR. The majority of total assets and fund balance (equity) values matched across the 3 reports, suggesting differences in classification among detailed accounts were more common than variances between the component totals (total assets, total liabilities, and fund balance). Health policy researchers should consider the impact of these variances on study results and consider ways to improve the availability and quality of financial accounting information. © 2012 National Rural Health Association.

Providing Coverage for the Unique Lifelong Health Care Needs of Living Kidney Donors Within the Framework of Financial Neutrality.

PubMed

Gill, J S; Delmonico, F; Klarenbach, S; Capron, A M

2017-05-01

Organ donation should neither enrich donors nor impose financial burdens on them. We described the scope of health care required for all living kidney donors, reflecting contemporary understanding of long-term donor health outcomes; proposed an approach to identify donor health conditions that should be covered within the framework of financial neutrality; and proposed strategies to pay for this care. Despite the Affordable Care Act in the United States, donors continue to have inadequate coverage for important health conditions that are donation related or that may compromise postdonation kidney function. Amendment of Medicare regulations is needed to clarify that surveillance and treatment of conditions that may compromise postdonation kidney function following donor nephrectomy will be covered without expense to the donor. In other countries lacking health insurance for all residents, sufficient data exist to allow the creation of a compensation fund or donor insurance policies to ensure appropriate care. Providing coverage for donation-related sequelae as well as care to preserve postdonation kidney function ensures protection against the financial burdens of health care encountered by donors throughout their lives. Providing coverage for this care should thus be cost-effective, even without considering the health care cost savings that occur for living donor transplant recipients. © 2016 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.