29 CFR 1915.507 - Land-side fire protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... specific recommendations in NFPA 14-2003 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems... 29 Labor 7 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Land-side fire protection systems. 1915.507 Section 1915... Protection in Shipyard Employment § 1915.507 Land-side fire protection systems. (a) Employer responsibilities...

14 CFR 29.1359 - Electrical system fire and smoke protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 29.1359 Electrical system fire and smoke protection. (a) Components of the electrical system... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Electrical system fire and smoke protection...

Risks, designs, and research for fire safety in spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Friedman, Robert; Sacksteder, Kurt R.; Urban, David

1991-01-01

Current fire protection for spacecraft relies mainly on fire prevention through the use of nonflammable materials and strict storage controls of other materials. The Shuttle also has smoke detectors and fire extinguishers, using technology similar to aircraft practices. While experience has shown that the current fire protection is adequate, future improvements in fire safety technology to meet the challenges of long duration space missions, such as the Space Station Freedom, are essential. All spacecraft fire protection systems, however, must deal with the unusual combustion characteristics and operational problems in the low gravity environment. The features of low gravity combustion that affect spacecraft fire safety, and the issues in fire protection for Freedom that must be addressed eventually to provide effective and conservative fire protection systems are discussed.

Sprinkler System Installer. Occupational Analyses Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chinien, Chris; Boutin, France

This analysis covers tasks performed by a sprinkler system installer, an occupational title some provinces and territories of Canada have also identified as pipefitter--fire protection mechanic specialty; sprinkler and fire protection installer; sprinkler and fire protection systems installer; and sprinkler fitter. A guide to analysis discusses…

33 CFR 127.1507 - Water systems for fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Water systems for fire protection... HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Firefighting Equipment § 127.1507 Water systems for fire protection. (a) Each waterfront facility handling LHG must have a supply of water and a...

33 CFR 149.418 - What fire protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... a helicopter fueling facility have? 149.418 Section 149.418 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have? In addition to the portable fire extinguishers required under table 149.409, each helicopter fueling facility must have a fire protection system complying...

33 CFR 149.418 - What fire protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a helicopter fueling facility have? 149.418 Section 149.418 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have? In addition to the portable fire extinguishers required under table 149.409, each helicopter fueling facility must have a fire protection system complying...

33 CFR 149.418 - What fire protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a helicopter fueling facility have? 149.418 Section 149.418 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have? In addition to the portable fire extinguishers required under table 149.409, each helicopter fueling facility must have a fire protection system complying...

Fire Protection in Educational Occupancies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gervais, Romeo P.

2000-01-01

Discusses the origins of school fires and the components of the fire protection code called the Life Safety Code (LSC). Three of the following LSC requirements are described: means of egress; protection from hazards; and fire suppression and alarm systems. Information on who starts fires is highlighted along with preventive measures. (GR)

Fire Protection. Honeywell Planning Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Honeywell, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.

A general discussion of fire alarms and protection is provided by a manufacturer of automated monitoring and control systems. Background information describes old and new fire alarm systems, comparing system components, wage savings, and cost analysis. Different kinds of automatic systems are listed, including--(1) local system, (2) auxiliary…

36 CFR 1234.10 - What are the facility requirements for all records storage facilities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the HVAC systems, fire alarm and fire protection systems. Manual switching between sources of service... elements are protected by a properly installed, properly maintained wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system, as... must provide documentation that the facility has a fire suppression system specifically designed to...

33 CFR 149.418 - What fire protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... a helicopter fueling facility have? 149.418 Section 149.418 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have? In addition to the portable fire extinguishers required under Table 149.409 of this part, each helicopter fueling facility must have a fire protection...

33 CFR 149.418 - What fire protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... a helicopter fueling facility have? 149.418 Section 149.418 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... protection system must a helicopter fueling facility have? In addition to the portable fire extinguishers required under Table 149.409 of this part, each helicopter fueling facility must have a fire protection...

Manual Fire Suppression Methods on Typical Machinery Space Spray Fires

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-31

Aqueous Film Forming Foam Manuscnpt approved April 25, 1990. ( AFFF ), has been incorporated in machinery space fire protection systems to...distribution unlimited. 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Aqueous Film Forming Foami ( AFFF ...machinery space fire protection systems to control running fuel and fuel spray fires (PKP side of TAFES), and bilge fires ( aqueous film forming foam

14 CFR 29.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems. 29.1195 Section... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 29.1195 Fire... inches must have a fire extinguishing system for the designated fire zones. The fire extinguishing system...

33 CFR 149.419 - Can the water supply for the helicopter deck fire protection system be part of a fire water system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Can the water supply for the helicopter deck fire protection system be part of a fire water system? 149.419 Section 149.419 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT...

33 CFR 149.419 - Can the water supply for the helicopter deck fire protection system be part of a fire water system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Can the water supply for the helicopter deck fire protection system be part of a fire water system? 149.419 Section 149.419 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT...

33 CFR 149.419 - Can the water supply for the helicopter deck fire protection system be part of a fire water system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Can the water supply for the helicopter deck fire protection system be part of a fire water system? 149.419 Section 149.419 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT...

33 CFR 149.419 - Can the water supply for the helicopter deck fire protection system be part of a fire water system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Can the water supply for the helicopter deck fire protection system be part of a fire water system? 149.419 Section 149.419 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT...

46 CFR 161.002-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Amendments to SOLAS 74), 1992—161.002-4(b). National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code, 1993—161...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Fire-Protective Systems § 161.002-1 Incorporation by reference...

46 CFR 161.002-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Amendments to SOLAS 74), 1992—161.002-4(b). National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code, 1993—161...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Fire-Protective Systems § 161.002-1 Incorporation by reference...

48 CFR 2052.235-71 - Safety, health, and fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....235-71 Safety, health, and fire protection. As prescribed in 2035.70(a)(2), the contracting officer... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Safety, health, and fire..., Health, and Fire Protection (JAN 1993) The contractor shall take all reasonable precautions in the...

48 CFR 2052.235-71 - Safety, health, and fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....235-71 Safety, health, and fire protection. As prescribed in 2035.70(a)(2), the contracting officer... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Safety, health, and fire..., Health, and Fire Protection (JAN 1993) The contractor shall take all reasonable precautions in the...

48 CFR 2052.235-71 - Safety, health, and fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....235-71 Safety, health, and fire protection. As prescribed in 2035.70(a)(2), the contracting officer... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Safety, health, and fire..., Health, and Fire Protection (JAN 1993) The contractor shall take all reasonable precautions in the...

48 CFR 2052.235-71 - Safety, health, and fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....235-71 Safety, health, and fire protection. As prescribed in 2035.70(a)(2), the contracting officer... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Safety, health, and fire..., Health, and Fire Protection (JAN 1993) The contractor shall take all reasonable precautions in the...

46 CFR 95.17-25 - Additional protection required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-25 Additional protection required. (a) In order that any residual fires above the floor plates may be extinguished when a foam system is...

46 CFR 95.17-25 - Additional protection required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-25 Additional protection required. (a) In order that any residual fires above the floor plates may be extinguished when a foam system is...

Zebra Mussel Chemical Control Guide, Version 2.0

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

delivery systems, including potable water treatment, agriculture, industry, power generation, and fire protection. Since this invasive organism’s...delivery systems, including potable water treatment, agriculture, industry, power generation, and fire protection (Mackie and Claudi 2010). Zebra mussels...generators, pipes, valves, sensing equipment (level, flow, and pressure) and fire protection (Mackie and Claudi 2010; Prescott et al. 2014). Other USACE

Fire protection review revisit no. 2, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dobson, P. H.; Earley, M. W.; Mattern, L. J.

1985-05-01

A fire protection survey was conducted at Argonne National Laboratory on April 1-5, 8-12, and April 29-May 2, 1985. The purpose was to review the facility fire protection program and to make recommendations or identify areas according to criteria established by the Department of Energy. There has been a substantial improvement in fire protection at this laboratory since the 1977 audit. Numerous areas which were previously provided with detection systems only have since been provided with automatic sprinkler protection. The following basic fire protection features are not properly controlled: (1) resealing wall and floor penetrations between fire areas after installation of services; (2) cutting and welding; and (3) housekeeping. The present Fire Department manpower level appears adequate to control a route fire. Their ability to adequately handle a high-challenge fire, or one involving injuries to personnel, or fire spread beyond the initial fire area is doubtful.

Fire protection for a Martian colony

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beattie, Robert M., Jr.

The fire prevention failures that occurred in Apollo 1 and Challenger accidents are reviewed and used to discuss fire protection measures that should be taken in a Martian colony. Fire detection systems, classes of fire, and suppression agents are described. The organization of fire fighting personnel appropriate for Mars is addressed.

29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that... each floor. (e) Fire alarm devices. (1) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be... 29 Labor 8 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor...

29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that... each floor. (e) Fire alarm devices. (1) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be... 29 Labor 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor...

29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that... each floor. (e) Fire alarm devices. (1) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be... 29 Labor 8 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor...

29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that... each floor. (e) Fire alarm devices. (1) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be... 29 Labor 8 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor...

Aircraft Instrument, Fire Protection, Warning, Communication, Navigation and Cabin Atmosphere Control System (Course Outline), Aviation Mechanics 3 (Air Frame): 9067.04.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

This document presents an outline for a 135-hour course designed to familiarize the student with manipulative skills and theoretical knowledge concerning aircraft instrument systems like major flight and engine instruments; fire protection and fire fighting systems; warning systems and navigation systems; aircraft cabin control systems, such as…

46 CFR 161.002-2 - Types of fire-protective systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., but not be limited to, automatic fire and smoke detecting systems, manual fire alarm systems, sample extraction smoke detection systems, watchman's supervisory systems, and combinations of these systems. (b) Automatic fire detecting systems. For the purpose of this subpart, automatic fire and smoke detecting...

46 CFR 161.002-2 - Types of fire-protective systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., but not be limited to, automatic fire and smoke detecting systems, manual fire alarm systems, sample extraction smoke detection systems, watchman's supervisory systems, and combinations of these systems. (b) Automatic fire detecting systems. For the purpose of this subpart, automatic fire and smoke detecting...

Maximal physical work performance with European standard based fire-protective clothing system and equipment in relation to individual characteristics.

PubMed

Louhevaara, V; Ilmarinen, R; Griefahn, B; Künemund, C; Mäkinen, H

1995-01-01

Every fire fighter needs to wear fire-protective clothing and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) several times a year while carrying out various fire-fighting and rescue operations in hazardous work environments. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effects of a multilayer turnout suit designed to fulfil European standard EN 469 used over standardized (Nordic) clothing and with SCBA (total mass 25.9 kg) on maximal physical work performance, and to evaluate the relationship between individual characteristics and power output with the fire-protective clothing system and SCBA. The subjects were 12 healthy firemen aged 26-46 years. The range of their body mass, body fat and maximal oxygen consumption was 69-101 kg, 10-20% and 2.70-5.86 l.min-1, respectively. The maximal tests without (control) and with the fire-protective clothing system and SCBA were carried out on a treadmill in a thermoneutral environment. When compared to the control test, the decrease in the maximal power output in terms of maximal working time and walking speed averaged 25% (P < 0.001) varying from 18% to 34% with the fire-protective clothing system and SCBA. At maximum, no significant differences were found in pulmonary ventilation, absolute oxygen consumption, the respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, the rate-pressure product, mechanical efficiency, and the rating of perceived exertion between the tests with and without the fire-protective clothing system and SCBA. The reduction of the power output was related to the extra mass of the fire protective clothing and SCBA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A Combined Water-Bromotrifluoromethane Crash-Fire Protection System for a T-56 Turbopropeller Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, John A.; Busch, Arthur M.

1959-01-01

A crash-fire protection system is described which will suppress the ignition of crash-spilled fuel that may be ingested by a T-56 turbo-propeller engine. This system includes means for rapidly extinguishing the combustor flame, means for cooling and inerting with water the hot engine parts likely to ignite engine ingested fuel, and means for blanketing with bromotrifluoromethane massive metal parts that may reheat after the engine stops rotating. Combustion-chamber flames were rapidly extinguished at the engine fuel nozzles by a fuel shutoff and drain valve. Hot engine parts were inerted and cooled by 42 pounds of water discharged at seven engine stations. Massive metal parts that could reheat were inerted with 10 pounds of bromotrifluoromethane discharged at two engine stations. Performance trials of the crash-fire protection system were conducted by bringing the engine up to takeoff temperature, actuating the crash-fire protection system, and then spraying fuel into the engine to simulate crash-ingested fuel. No fires occurred during these trials, although fuel was sprayed into the engine from 0.3 second to 15 minutes after actuating the crash-fire protection system.

Minutes of the Rapid Action Fire Protection System Seminar Held at Rock Island, Illinois on 23-24 October 1984

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-01

A\\5AI5?? 93<» MINUTES OF THE RAPID ACTION FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM SEMINAR AMCCOM SAFETY OFFICE 23-24 OCTOBER 1984 PREFACE This seminar was...held as a medium by which there could be a free exchange of information on rapid action fire protection systems used in munition production operations...The objectives of the seminar were- - Discuss system operating principles & system components. - Exchange latest technical data, developments, and

10 CFR 50.48 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... suppression systems; and (iii) The means to limit fire damage to structures, systems, or components important...) Standard 805, “Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water Reactor Electric Generating... pressurized-water reactors (PWRs) is not permitted. (iv) Uncertainty analysis. An uncertainty analysis...

10 CFR 50.48 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... suppression systems; and (iii) The means to limit fire damage to structures, systems, or components important...) Standard 805, “Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water Reactor Electric Generating... pressurized-water reactors (PWRs) is not permitted. (iv) Uncertainty analysis. An uncertainty analysis...

40 CFR Appendix P to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Listed in the September 27, 2006 Final Rule, Effective November 27, 2006

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... latest edition of the NFPA 2001 Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, for whichever... requirements. 4—The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or... coverage related to the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire...

40 CFR Appendix P to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Listed in the September 27, 2006 Final Rule, Effective November 27, 2006

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... latest edition of the NFPA 2001 Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, for whichever... requirements. 4—The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or... coverage related to the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire...

40 CFR Appendix P to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Listed in the September 27, 2006 Final Rule, Effective November 27, 2006

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... latest edition of the NFPA 2001 Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, for whichever... requirements. 4—The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or... coverage related to the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire...

46 CFR 181.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 181.320 Section 181.320 Shipping...) FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 181.320 Fire hoses and nozzles. (a) A fire hose with a... cargo decks, where no protection is provided, hoses may be temporarily removed during heavy weather or...

46 CFR 181.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 181.320 Section 181.320 Shipping...) FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 181.320 Fire hoses and nozzles. (a) A fire hose with a... cargo decks, where no protection is provided, hoses may be temporarily removed during heavy weather or...

46 CFR 181.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 181.320 Section 181.320 Shipping...) FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 181.320 Fire hoses and nozzles. (a) A fire hose with a... cargo decks, where no protection is provided, hoses may be temporarily removed during heavy weather or...

46 CFR 181.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 181.320 Section 181.320 Shipping...) FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 181.320 Fire hoses and nozzles. (a) A fire hose with a... cargo decks, where no protection is provided, hoses may be temporarily removed during heavy weather or...

46 CFR 161.002-2 - Types of fire-protective systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., but not be limited to, automatic fire and smoke detecting systems, manual fire alarm systems, sample... unit, fire detectors, smoke detectors, and audible and visual alarms distinct in both respects from the alarms of any other system not indicating fire. (c) Manual fire alarm systems. For the purpose of this...

14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE, NON-HALOGEN FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

EPA Science Inventory

With the phaseout of halon production, two alternative technologies - water misting and low-residue particulates - have come to the fire protection forefront. These technologies use water or dry chemicals in reduced quantities to provide acceptable fire protection. A review and a...

30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire...

30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems...

30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems...

30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems...

30 CFR 75.1103-6 - Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire... Protection § 75.1103-6 Automatic fire sensors; actuation of fire suppression systems. Point-type heat sensors or automatic fire sensor and warning device systems may be used to actuate deluge-type water systems...

Risk Based Reliability Centered Maintenance of DOD Fire Protection Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-01-01

2.2.3 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis ( FMEA )............................ 2.2.4 Failure Mode Risk Characterization...Step 2 - System functions and functional failures definition Step 3 - Failure mode and effect analysis ( FMEA ) Step 4 - Failure mode risk...system). The Interface Location column identifies the location where the FMEA of the fire protection system began or stopped. For example, for the fire

29 CFR 1915.509 - Definitions applicable to this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... harmful. Hose systems—fire protection systems consisting of a water supply, approved fire hose, and a... fire protection system consisting of piping and hose connections used to supply water to approved hose... influence shipyard employment (such as mail delivery or office supply services). Dangerous atmosphere—an...

14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. For commuter category airplanes, the following apply: (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system may react chemically with...

14 CFR 23.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems. 23.1195 Section... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1195 Fire extinguishing systems. (a) For commuter category airplanes, fire extinguishing...

14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. Link to an amendment... material in any fire extinguishing system may react chemically with any extinguishing agent so as to create...

Development, installation, and testing services for an automatic, point type thermal sensor, fire protection system on a mining dozer. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lease, W.D.

1976-08-01

Lease AFEX, Inc., modified its standard design of an automatic fire protection system used in the past on logging equipment, and long-term, in-mine tested system on a Fiat-Alli's HD-41B dozer at the Lemmons and Company coal mine, Boonville, Ind. The modification of the standard AFEX system involved improving the actuation device. The AFEX system is called a point-type thermal sensor, automatic fire protection system. The in-mine test took place in late 1975, and early 1976. The system was then tested by simulating a fire on the dozer. The system operated successfully after the 4 months of in-mine endurance testing. (Colormore » illustrations reproduced in black and white.)« less

Military Housing Inspection-Camp Buehring, Kuwait

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-30

General DPW Director Public Works FAS Fire Alarm System HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning IAW In Accordance With ITM Inspection...safety policies and standards regarding electrical and fire protection systems . Findings We found significant deficiencies in electrical and fire...protection systems during the physical inspections of the U.S. military-occupied facilities at Camp Buehring. We identified a total of 538

Fire safety practices in the Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Friedman, Robert

1993-01-01

The Shuttle reinforces its policy of fire-preventive measures with onboard smoke detectors and Halon 1301 fire extinguishers. The forthcoming Space Station Freedom will have expanded fire protection with photoelectric smoke detectors, radiation flame detectors, and both fixed and portable carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. Many design and operational issues remain to be resolved for Freedom. In particular, the fire-suppression designs must consider the problems of gas leakage in toxic concentrations, alternative systems for single-failure redundancy, and commonality with the corresponding systems of the Freedom international partners. While physical and engineering requirements remain the primary driving forces for spacecraft fire-safety technology, there are, nevertheless, needs and opportunities for the application of microgravity combustion knowledge to improve and optimize the fire-protective systems.

30 CFR 75.1107-8 - Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection Fire Suppression Devices and Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids on Underground Equipment § 75.1107-8... liquid chemical to protect attended equipment shall: (1) Be maintained at a pressure consistent with the...

30 CFR 75.1107-8 - Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection Fire Suppression Devices and Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids on Underground Equipment § 75.1107-8... liquid chemical to protect attended equipment shall: (1) Be maintained at a pressure consistent with the...

Putting Out Fires.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dondero, Tom

1998-01-01

Examines school fire-prevention and emergency-response systems. Advises how administrators can help to protect lives and property, and select the detection and alarm systems that can provide the best protection. Discusses types of extinguishing systems to consider. Provides advice for stopping arson, (GR)

CFES--California Fire Economics Simulator: A Computerized System for Wildland Fire Protection Planning

Treesearch

Jeremy S. Fried; J. Keith Gilless; Robert E. Martin

1987-01-01

The University of California's Department of Forestry and Resource Management, under contract with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, has developed and released the first version of the California Fire Economics Simulator (CFES). The current release is adapted from the Initial Action Assessment component of the USFS's National Fire...

Consequences of Fire: The Killing Fumes

MedlinePlus

... Electric Vehicles Fire Fighter Safety and Response for Solar Power Systems Fire Fighting Tactics Under Wind Driven ... Protection Devices Development of Fire Mitigations Solutions for PV Systems Installed on Building Roofs - Phase 1 Electric/ ...

14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1201 Section 29.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1201 Section 29.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1201 Section 29.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 29.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1201 Section 29.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No materials in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1201 Section 25.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Protection § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. (a) No material in any fire extinguishing system...

14 CFR 91.1415 - CAMP: Mechanical reliability reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... failure, malfunction, or defect in an aircraft concerning— (1) Fires during flight and whether the related fire-warning system functioned properly; (2) Fires during flight not protected by related fire-warning system; (3) False fire-warning during flight; (4) An exhaust system that causes damage during flight to...

14 CFR 91.1415 - CAMP: Mechanical reliability reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... failure, malfunction, or defect in an aircraft concerning— (1) Fires during flight and whether the related fire-warning system functioned properly; (2) Fires during flight not protected by related fire-warning system; (3) False fire-warning during flight; (4) An exhaust system that causes damage during flight to...

Risks and issues in fire safety on the Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Friedman, Robert

1993-01-01

A fire in the inhabited portion of a spacecraft is a greatly feared hazard, but fire protection in space operations is complicated by two factors. First, the spacecraft cabin is an enclosed volume, which limits the resources for fire fighting and the options for crew escape. Second, an orbiting spacecraft experiences a balance of forces, creating a near-zero-gravity (microgravity) environment that profoundly affects the characteristics of fire initiation, spread, and suppression. The current Shuttle Orbiter is protected by a fire-detection and suppression system whose requirements are derived of necessity from accepted terrestrial and aircraft standards. While experience has shown that Shuttle fire safety is adequate, designers recognize that improved systems to respond specifically to microgravity fire characteristics are highly desirable. Innovative technology is particularly advisable for the Space Station, a forthcoming space community with a complex configuration and long-duration orbital missions, in which the effectiveness of current fire-protection systems is unpredictable. The development of risk assessments to evaluate the probabilities and consequences of fire incidents in spacecraft are briefly reviewed. It further discusses the important unresolved issues and needs for improved fire safety in the Space Station, including those of material selection, spacecraft atmospheres, fire detection, fire suppression, and post-fire restoration.

46 CFR 108.444 - Lockout valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Fire Extinguishing Systems Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.444 Lockout valves. (a) A lockout valve must be provided on any carbon dioxide extinguishing system protecting a space over... complete isolation of the system from the protected space or spaces, making it impossible for carbon...

Crew Exploration Vehicle Environmental Control and Life Support Fire Protection Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, John F.; Barido, Richard; Tuan, George C.

2007-01-01

As part of preparing for the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) worked on developing the requirements to manage the fire risk. The new CEV poses unique challenges to current fire protection systems. The size and configuration of the vehicle resembles the Apollo capsule instead of the current Space Shuttle or the International Space Station. The smaller free air volume and fully cold plated avionic bays of the CEV requires a different approach in fire protection than the ones currently utilized. The fire protection approach discussed in this paper incorporates historical lessons learned and fire detection and suppression system design philosophy spanning from Apollo to the International Space Station. Working with NASA fire and materials experts, this approach outlines the best requirements for both the closed out area of the vehicle, such as the avionics bay, and the crew cabin area to address the unique challenges due to the size and configuration of the CEV.

41 CFR 102-80.115 - Is there more than one option for establishing that an equivalent level of safety exists?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., complete sprinkler protection can be expected to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin, limit fire... the times required for egress. If a combination of fire protection systems provides a margin of safety... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

41 CFR 102-80.115 - Is there more than one option for establishing that an equivalent level of safety exists?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., complete sprinkler protection can be expected to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin, limit fire... the times required for egress. If a combination of fire protection systems provides a margin of safety... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

41 CFR 102-80.115 - Is there more than one option for establishing that an equivalent level of safety exists?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., complete sprinkler protection can be expected to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin, limit fire... the times required for egress. If a combination of fire protection systems provides a margin of safety... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

41 CFR 102-80.115 - Is there more than one option for establishing that an equivalent level of safety exists?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., complete sprinkler protection can be expected to prevent flashover in the room of fire origin, limit fire... the times required for egress. If a combination of fire protection systems provides a margin of safety... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL...

14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23.1201 Section 23.1201 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. For commuter category...

46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

46 CFR 95.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol... AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 95.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

46 CFR 95.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol... AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 95.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

46 CFR 193.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 193.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

46 CFR 95.05-1 - Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol... AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Detecting and Extinguishing Equipment, Where Required § 95.05-1 Fire detecting, manual alarm, and supervised patrol systems. (a) Fire detecting, manual...

Firefighters Integrated Response Equipment System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaplan, H.; Abeles, F.

1978-01-01

The Firefighters Integrated Response Equipment System (Project FIRES) is a joint National Fire Prevention and Control Administration (NFPCA)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program for the development of an 'ultimate' firefighter's protective ensemble. The overall aim of Project FIRES is to improve firefighter protection against hazards, such as heat, flame, smoke, toxic fumes, moisture, impact penetration, and electricity and, at the same time, improve firefighter performance by increasing maneuverability, lowering weight, and improving human engineering design of his protective ensemble.

30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems installed in belt haulageways of...

30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems installed in belt haulageways of...

30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems installed in belt haulageways of...

30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems installed in belt haulageways of...

46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

46 CFR 122.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... marked in clearly legible letters “FIRE ALARM”. (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be... fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near each pull box and... “carbon dioxide.” (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and the fire...

In situ thermal condensation of glucose-diammonium phosphate in wood for fire and fungal decay protection

Treesearch

George Chen

2009-01-01

Thermal condensation of glucose-diammonium phosphate in wood at 160 and 190[degrees]C will protect wood against fire and decay in one treatment using an aqueous system. For fire protection, treatments at 160 or 190[degrees]C led to low flammability as evidenced by fire-tube tests. For nonleached wood, weight losses were 1.9, 2.0, and 2.0% with chemical retentions of 56...

46 CFR 161.002-2 - Types of fire-protective systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... systems will be considered to consist of normal and emergency power supplies, a fire detecting control... subpart, manual fire alarm systems will be considered to consist of normal and emergency power supplies, a...

46 CFR 161.002-2 - Types of fire-protective systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... systems will be considered to consist of normal and emergency power supplies, a fire detecting control... subpart, manual fire alarm systems will be considered to consist of normal and emergency power supplies, a...

40 CFR Appendix J to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the January 29, 2002 Final Rule, effective April 1, 2002

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or... protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training...

40 CFR Appendix J to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the January 29, 2002 Final Rule, effective April 1, 2002

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or... protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training...

40 CFR Appendix J to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the January 29, 2002 Final Rule, effective April 1, 2002

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or... protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training...

30 CFR 75.1107-8 - Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems. (a) Fire suppression systems using water or... equivalent protective devices and a rising stem or other visual indicator-type shutoff valve. (b) Water supplies for fire suppression devices installed on underground equipment may be maintained in mounted water...

30 CFR 75.1107-8 - Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems. (a) Fire suppression systems using water or... equivalent protective devices and a rising stem or other visual indicator-type shutoff valve. (b) Water supplies for fire suppression devices installed on underground equipment may be maintained in mounted water...

30 CFR 75.1107-8 - Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Fire suppression devices; extinguishant supply systems. (a) Fire suppression systems using water or... equivalent protective devices and a rising stem or other visual indicator-type shutoff valve. (b) Water supplies for fire suppression devices installed on underground equipment may be maintained in mounted water...

30 CFR 75.1103-8 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-8 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements. (a) Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems shall be examined at...

30 CFR 75.1103-8 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-8 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements. (a) Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems shall be examined at...

30 CFR 75.1103-8 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-8 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements. (a) Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems shall be examined at...

30 CFR 75.1103-8 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-8 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements. (a) Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems shall be examined at...

30 CFR 75.1103-8 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-8 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; examination and test requirements. (a) Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems shall be examined at...

Is Your School Truly Fire-Safe?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saunders, Carol Silverman

1995-01-01

Though most people assume that their schools are protected by smoke alarms and sprinkler systems, many are not. Older schools can fall through fire-code loopholes. Some schools have insufficient fire detection systems. Sprinkler systems can be too expensive for schools. Parents should educate themselves and insist on fire safety. (SM)

46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. For all airplanes with engine(s) embedded in the fuselage or in pylons on the aft fuselage the following applies: (a) No...

14 CFR 23.1201 - Fire extinguishing systems materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire extinguishing systems materials. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1201 Fire extinguishing systems materials. For all airplanes with engine(s) embedded in the fuselage or in pylons on the aft fuselage the following applies: (a) No...

Crash-Fire Protection System for T-56 Turbopropeller Engine Using Water as Cooling and Inerting Agent

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Busch, Arthur M.; Campbell, John A.

1959-01-01

A crash-fire protection system to suppress the ignition of crash-spilled fuel that may be ingested by a T-56 turbopropeller engine is described. This system includes means for rapidly extinguishing the combustor flame and means for cooling and inerting with water the hot engine parts likely to ignite engine-ingested fuel. Combustion-chamber flames were extinguished in 0.07 second at the engine fuel manifold. Hot engine parts were inerted and cooled by 52 pounds of water discharged at ten engine stations. Performance trials of the crash-fire prevention system were conducted by bringing the engine up to takeoff temperature, stopping the normal fuel flow to the engine, starting the water discharge, and then spraying fuel into the engine to simulate crash-ingested fuel. No fires occurred during these trials, although fuel was sprayed into the engine from 0.3 second to 15 minutes after actuating the crash-fire protection system.

GIS Fuzzy Expert System for the assessment of ecosystems vulnerability to fire in managing Mediterranean natural protected areas.

PubMed

Semeraro, Teodoro; Mastroleo, Giovanni; Aretano, Roberta; Facchinetti, Gisella; Zurlini, Giovanni; Petrosillo, Irene

2016-03-01

A significant threat to the natural and cultural heritage of Mediterranean natural protected areas (NPAs) is related to uncontrolled fires that can cause potential damages related to the loss or a reduction of ecosystems. The assessment and mapping of the vulnerability to fire can be useful to reduce landscape damages and to establish priority areas where it is necessary to plan measures to reduce the fire vulnerability. To this aim, a methodology based on an interactive computer-based system has been proposed in order to support NPA's management authority for the identification of vulnerable hotspots to fire through the selection of suitable indicators that allow discriminating different levels of sensitivity (e.g. Habitat relevance, Fragmentation, Fire behavior, Ecosystem Services, Vegetation recovery after fire) and stresses (agriculture, tourism, urbanization). In particular, a multi-criteria analysis based on Fuzzy Expert System (FES) integrated in a GIS environment has been developed in order to identify and map potential "hotspots" of fire vulnerability, where fire protection measures can be undertaken in advance. In order to test the effectiveness of this approach, this approach has been applied to the NPA of Torre Guaceto (Apulia Region, southern Italy). The most fire vulnerable areas are the patch of century-old forest characterized by high sensitivity and stress, and the wetlands and century-old olive groves due to their high sensitivity. The GIS fuzzy expert system provides evidence of its potential usefulness for the effective management of natural protected areas and can help conservation managers to plan and intervene in order to mitigate the fire vulnerability in accordance with conservation goals. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Halon Gas and Library Fire Protection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pacey, Antony

1991-01-01

Describes the operation of halon gas fire extinguishing systems, which have been installed in a number of libraries and archives across Canada where protection of special collections from water and mold damage resulting from operation of a standard water sprinkler system is paramount. The advantages and disadvantages of this type of system are…

New Technology for the Fire Attire

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Although little can be done to reduce the risks of firefighting, something can be done to curb the injuries and fatalities. This is the goal of Project FIRES, a program jointly sponsored by NASA and the Federal Emergency Management Agency's U.S. Fire Administration with technical management provided by Marshall Space Flight Center. Project FIRES (Firefighter's Integrated Response Equipment System) involves applications of advanced materials and design concepts, derived from Apollo to update existing gear which does not adequately protect against many of the hazards encountered in fire suppression activities. A major focus of the effort involves application to the FIRES ensemble of lightweight, fire-resistant, heat-protective materials originally developed for use in astronauts' space suits or in spacecraft components which require thermal protection. Data from the fourteen municipal fire departments participating in the field evaluation will form a basis for development of new nationwide protective ensemble students.

14 CFR 25.858 - Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire... Construction Fire Protection § 25.858 Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems. If certification with cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection provisions is requested, the following...

14 CFR 25.858 - Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire... Construction Fire Protection § 25.858 Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems. If certification with cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection provisions is requested, the following...

14 CFR 25.858 - Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire... Construction Fire Protection § 25.858 Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems. If certification with cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection provisions is requested, the following...

14 CFR 25.858 - Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire... Construction Fire Protection § 25.858 Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems. If certification with cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection provisions is requested, the following...

30 CFR 75.1103-4 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; installation; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-4 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; installation; minimum requirements. (a) Effective December 31, 2009, automatic fire sensor and warning device...

30 CFR 75.1103-4 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; installation; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-4 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; installation; minimum requirements. (a) Effective December 31, 2009, automatic fire sensor and warning device...

30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

30 CFR 75.1101-10 - Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-10 Water sprinkler systems; fire warning devices at belt drives. Each water sprinkler...

14 CFR 125.161 - Fire-extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 125.161 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... protection against destruction of the airplane in case of fire is provided by the use of fireproof materials... be provided to serve all designated fire zones. (b) Materials in the fire-extinguishing system must...

14 CFR 125.161 - Fire-extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 125.161 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... protection against destruction of the airplane in case of fire is provided by the use of fireproof materials... be provided to serve all designated fire zones. (b) Materials in the fire-extinguishing system must...

Modeling heat and moisture transport in firefighter protective clothing during flash fire exposure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chitrphiromsri, Patirop; Kuznetsov, Andrey V.

2005-01-01

In this paper, a model of heat and moisture transport in firefighter protective clothing during a flash fire exposure is presented. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of coupled heat and moisture transport on the protective performance of the garment. Computational results show the distribution of temperature and moisture content in the fabric during the exposure to the flash fire as well as during the cool-down period. Moreover, the duration of the exposure during which the garment protects the firefighter from getting second and third degree burns from the flash fire exposure is numerically predicted. A complete model for the fire-fabric-air gap-skin system is presented.

46 CFR 76.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Sprinkler Systems (“NFPA 13”)—76.25-1, 76.25-90. (d) Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), 12 Laboratory... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION... Connections for Marine Fire Applications (“ASTM F 1121”)—76.10-10. (c) National Fire Protection Association...

46 CFR 76.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Sprinkler Systems (“NFPA 13”)—76.25-1, 76.25-90. (d) Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), 12 Laboratory... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION... Connections for Marine Fire Applications (“ASTM F 1121”)—76.10-10. (c) National Fire Protection Association...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Propane Related Links

Science.gov Websites

Amerex Corporation's Vehicle Fire Suppression Systems are designed to warn the vehicle operator and suppress the fire, protecting both equipment and employees. Automatic systems suppress the fire in its

46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... extinguisher, semiportable fire extinguisher, and fixed gas fire extinguishing system to check for excessive... testing of alarms and ventilation shutdowns, for each fixed gas fire extinguishing system and detecting... gas to ensure it has been tested and marked in accordance with § 147.60 in subchapter N of this...

46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... extinguisher, semiportable fire extinguisher, and fixed gas fire extinguishing system to check for excessive... testing of alarms and ventilation shutdowns, for each fixed gas fire extinguishing system and detecting... gas to ensure it has been tested and marked in accordance with § 147.60 in subchapter N of this...

Applications of Living Fire PRA models to Fire Protection Significance Determination Process in Taiwan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

De-Cheng, Chen; Chung-Kung, Lo; Tsu-Jen, Lin

2004-07-01

The living fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) models for all three operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Taiwan had been established in December 2000. In that study, a scenario-based PRA approach was adopted to systematically evaluate the fire and smoke hazards and associated risks. Using these fire PRA models developed, a risk-informed application project had also been completed in December 2002 for the evaluation of cable-tray fire-barrier wrapping exemption. This paper presents a new application of the fire PRA models to fire protection issues using the fire protection significance determination process (FP SDP). The fire protection issues studied may involvemore » the selection of appropriate compensatory measures during the period when an automatic fire detection or suppression system in a safety-related fire zone becomes inoperable. The compensatory measure can either be a 24-hour fire watch or an hourly fire patrol. The living fire PRA models were used to estimate the increase in risk associated with the fire protection issue in terms of changes in core damage frequency (CDF) and large early release frequency (LERF). In compliance with SDP at-power and the acceptance guidelines specified in RG 1.174, the fire protection issues in question can be grouped into four categories; red, yellow, white and green, in accordance with the guidelines developed for FD SDP. A 24-hour fire watch is suggested only required for the yellow condition, while an hourly fire patrol may be adopted for the white condition. More limiting requirement is suggested for the red condition, but no special consideration is needed for the green condition. For the calculation of risk measures, risk impacts from any additional fire scenarios that may have been introduced, as well as more severe initiating events and fire damages that may accompany the fire protection issue should be considered carefully. Examples are presented in this paper to illustrate the evaluation process. (authors)« less

33 CFR 149.414 - What are the requirements for a fire detection and alarm system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... national consensus standard, as that term is defined in 29 CFR 1910.2, for fire detection and fire alarm... fire detection and alarm system? 149.414 Section 149.414 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... EQUIPMENT Firefighting and Fire Protection Equipment Firefighting Requirements § 149.414 What are the...

33 CFR 149.414 - What are the requirements for a fire detection and alarm system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... national consensus standard, as that term is defined in 29 CFR 1910.2, for fire detection and fire alarm... fire detection and alarm system? 149.414 Section 149.414 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... EQUIPMENT Firefighting and Fire Protection Equipment Firefighting Requirements § 149.414 What are the...

33 CFR 149.414 - What are the requirements for a fire detection and alarm system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... national consensus standard, as that term is defined in 29 CFR 1910.2, for fire detection and fire alarm... fire detection and alarm system? 149.414 Section 149.414 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... EQUIPMENT Firefighting and Fire Protection Equipment Firefighting Requirements § 149.414 What are the...

33 CFR 149.414 - What are the requirements for a fire detection and alarm system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... national consensus standard, as that term is defined in 29 CFR 1910.2, for fire detection and fire alarm... fire detection and alarm system? 149.414 Section 149.414 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... EQUIPMENT Firefighting and Fire Protection Equipment Firefighting Requirements § 149.414 What are the...

33 CFR 149.415 - What are the requirements for a fire main system on a manned deepwater port?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fire main system on a manned deepwater port? 149.415 Section 149.415 Navigation and Navigable Waters..., CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT Firefighting and Fire Protection Equipment Firefighting Requirements § 149.415 What are the requirements for a fire main system on a manned deepwater port? (a) Each pumping platform...

33 CFR 149.415 - What are the requirements for a fire main system on a manned deepwater port?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... fire main system on a manned deepwater port? 149.415 Section 149.415 Navigation and Navigable Waters..., CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT Firefighting and Fire Protection Equipment Firefighting Requirements § 149.415 What are the requirements for a fire main system on a manned deepwater port? (a) Each pumping platform...

33 CFR 149.415 - What are the requirements for a fire main system on a manned deepwater port?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... fire main system on a manned deepwater port? 149.415 Section 149.415 Navigation and Navigable Waters..., CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT Firefighting and Fire Protection Equipment Firefighting Requirements § 149.415 What are the requirements for a fire main system on a manned deepwater port? (a) Each pumping platform...

30 CFR 75.1103-3 - Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum requirements; general. 75.1103-3 Section 75.1103-3 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND...-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1103-3 Automatic fire sensor and warning device systems; minimum...

Fail-safe fire detection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bloam, E. T.

1974-01-01

Fire detection control system continually monitors its own integrity, automatically signals any malfunction, and separately signals fire in any zone being monitored. Should be of interest in fields of chemical and petroleum processing, power generation, equipment testing, and building protection.

Fighting Fire with Fire.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spoor, Dana L.

1996-01-01

School districts are integrating security and life-safety systems into school buildings to protect students and property. This proactive approach includes sprinkler systems, fire alarms, and security systems that monitor door movement. Some school districts that are incorporating the latest life-safety technology are in Missouri, Ohio, California,…

Fire and the Design of Educational Buildings. Building Bulletin 7. Sixth Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education and Science, London (England).

This bulletin offers guidance on English school premises regulations applying to safety protection against fires in the following general areas: means of escape in case of fire; precautionary measures to prevent fire; fire warning systems and fire fighting; fire spreading speed; structures and materials resistant to fires; and damage control. It…

46 CFR 76.35-15 - Operation and installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-15 Operation and installation. (a) The system shall be so arranged and installed that the presence of a fire may be reported from any of the protected spaces and be...

46 CFR 76.35-15 - Operation and installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-15 Operation and installation. (a) The system shall be so arranged and installed that the presence of a fire may be reported from any of the protected spaces and be...

46 CFR 76.35-15 - Operation and installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-15 Operation and installation. (a) The system shall be so arranged and installed that the presence of a fire may be reported from any of the protected spaces and be...

46 CFR 76.35-15 - Operation and installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-15 Operation and installation. (a) The system shall be so arranged and installed that the presence of a fire may be reported from any of the protected spaces and be...

Test results: Halon 1301 versus water sprinkler fire protection for essential electronic equipment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reichelt, E. F.; Walker, J. L.; Vickers, R. N.; Kwan, A. J.

1982-07-01

This report describes results of testing two contending extinguishants, Halon 1301 and water, for fire protection of essential electronic equipment. A series of controlled fires in a facility housing an operational electronic data processing system sought to establish immediate and long term effects of exposure of sensitive electronic equipment and stored data to fire extinguishment atmospheres. Test results lead to the conclusion that Halon 1301 is superior to water as an extinguishant for fires occurring in essential electronic equipment installations.

75 FR 52713 - Nationwide Aerial Application of Fire Retardant on National Forest System Lands

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-27

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Nationwide Aerial Application of Fire Retardant on... statement for the continued nationwide aerial application of fire retardant on National Forest System lands... 26667, Salt Lake City, UT 84126-0667. Comments may also be sent via e- mail to Fire[email protected

14 CFR 25.858 - Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... detection systems. 25.858 Section 25.858 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... Construction Fire Protection § 25.858 Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems. If... must be met for each cargo or baggage compartment with those provisions: (a) The detection system must...

46 CFR 161.002-9 - Automatic fire detecting system, power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... system must meet the requirements of § 113.10-9 of subchapter J (Electrical Engineering Regulations) of... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automatic fire detecting system, power supply. 161.002-9..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Fire-Protective Systems § 161.002...

46 CFR 161.002-9 - Automatic fire detecting system, power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... system must meet the requirements of § 113.10-9 of subchapter J (Electrical Engineering Regulations) of... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automatic fire detecting system, power supply. 161.002-9..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Fire-Protective Systems § 161.002...

46 CFR 161.002-9 - Automatic fire detecting system, power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... system must meet the requirements of § 113.10-9 of subchapter J (Electrical Engineering Regulations) of... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Automatic fire detecting system, power supply. 161.002-9..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Fire-Protective Systems § 161.002...

46 CFR 181.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 181.320 Section 181.320 Shipping...) FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 181.320 Fire hoses and nozzles. (a) A fire hose with a nozzle must be attached to each fire hydrant at all times. For fire hydrants located on open decks or...

46 CFR 181.300 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire pumps. 181.300 Section 181.300 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 181.300 Fire pumps. (a) A self priming, power driven fire pump must be...

46 CFR 132.330 - Fire monitors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire monitors. 132.330 Section 132.330 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS FIRE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Miscellaneous § 132.330 Fire monitors. (a) Each fire monitor of the fire main system must be fitted with a shut...

46 CFR 181.300 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire pumps. 181.300 Section 181.300 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 181.300 Fire pumps. (a) A self priming, power driven fire pump must be...

14 CFR 23.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... materials in the area protected by the fire extinguishing system; and (2) Have thermal stability over the... exist in the extinguishing system. This must be shown by test except for built-in carbon dioxide fuselage compartment fire extinguishing systems for which— (1) Five pounds or less of carbon dioxide will...

Fire Pumps: Time to Change NFPA 25 Weekly Churn Testing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saidi, John F.; Davis, Richard J.

2010-01-01

APPA, through its Code Advocacy Task Force (CATF), is active with code organizations such as the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). This article reviews some of the recent work on NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, by the CATF and some members of the NFPA 25 Technical…

40 CFR Appendix L to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Listed in the January 27, 2003, Final Rule, Effective March 28, 2003

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... environments protected by HFC227-BC extinguishing systemsEach HFC227-BC extinguisher should be clearly labelled... Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems. See additional comments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Additional comments. 1—Should... or performance requirements. 4—The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in...

40 CFR Appendix L to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Listed in the January 27, 2003, Final Rule, Effective March 28, 2003

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... environments protected by HFC227-BC extinguishing systemsEach HFC227-BC extinguisher should be clearly labelled... Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems. See additional comments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Additional comments. 1—Should... or performance requirements. 4—The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in...

40 CFR Appendix L to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Listed in the January 27, 2003, Final Rule, Effective March 28, 2003

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... environments protected by HFC227-BC extinguishing systemsEach HFC227-BC extinguisher should be clearly labelled... Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems. See additional comments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Additional comments. 1—Should... or performance requirements. 4—The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in...

29 CFR Appendix C to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection References For Further Information

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, ANSI Z87.1; American National..., Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 9. Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, ANSI/NFPA 17; National... systems—dry chemical: 1. Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, ANSI/NFPA 17; National Fire...

29 CFR Appendix C to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection References For Further Information

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...—September 30, 1978. Evaluation and Performance of Open Circuit Breathing Apparatus. NU REG/CR-1235. Los.... § 1910.160. Fixed extinguishing systems—general information: 1. Standard for Foam Extinguishing Systems... for Hi-Expansion Foam Systems, ANSI/NFPA 11A; National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park...

An effective and practical fire-protection system. [for aircraft fuel storage and transport

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mansfield, J. A.; Riccitiello, S. R.; Fewell, L. L.

1975-01-01

A high-performance sandwich-type fire protection system comprising a steel outer sheath and insulation combined in various configurations is described. An inherent advantage of the sheath system over coatings is that it eliminates problems of weatherability, materials strength, adhesion, and chemical attack. An experimental comparison between the protection performance of state-of-the-art coatings and the sheath system is presented, with emphasis on the protection of certain types of steel tanks for fuel storage and transport. Sheath systems are thought to be more expensive than coatings in initial implementation, although they are less expensive per year for sufficiently long applications.

History of Fire Events in the U.S. Commercial Nuclear Industry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bijan Najafi; Joglar-Biloch, Francisco; Kassawara, Robert P.

2002-07-01

Over the past decade, interest in performance-based fire protection has increased within the nuclear industry. In support of this growing interest, in 1997 the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) developed a long-range plan to develop/improve data and tools needed to support Risk-Informed/Performance-Based fire protection. This plan calls for continued improvement in collection and use of information obtained from fire events at nuclear plants. The data collection process has the objectives of improving the insights gained from such data and reducing the uncertainty in fire risk and fire modeling methods in order to make them a more reliable basis for performancemore » based fire protection programs. In keeping with these objectives, EPRI continues to collect, review and analyze fire events in support of the nuclear industry. EPRI collects these records in cooperation with the Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited (NEIL), by compiling public fire event reports and by direct solicitation of U.S. nuclear facilities. EPRI fire data collection project is based on the principle that the understanding of history is one of the cornerstones of improving fire protection technology and practice. Therefore, the goal has been to develop and maintain a comprehensive database of fire events with flexibility to support various aspects of fire protection engineering. With more than 1850 fire records over a period of three decades and 2400 reactor years, this is the most comprehensive database of nuclear power industry fire events in existence today. In general, the frequency of fires in the U.S. commercial nuclear industry remains constant. In few cases, e.g., transient fires and fires in BWR offgas/recombiner systems, where either increasing or decreasing trends are observed, these trends tend to slow after 1980. The key issues in improving quality of the data remain to be consistency of the recording and reporting of fire events and difficulties in collection of records. EPRI has made significant progress towards improving the quality of the fire events data through use of multiple collection methods as well as its review and verification. To date EPRI has used this data to develop a generic fire ignition frequency model for U.S. nuclear power industry (Ref. 1, 4 and 5) as well as to support other models in support of EPRI Fire Risk Methods such as a cable fire manual suppression model. EPRI will continue its effort to collect and analyze operating data to support risk informed/performance based fire safety engineering, including collection and analysis of impairment data for fire protection systems and features. This paper provides details on the collection and application of fire events to risk informed/performance based fire protection. The paper also provides valuable insights into improving both collection and use of fire events data. (authors)« less

Providing accurate near real-time fire alerts for Protected Areas through NASA FIRMS: Opportunities and Challenges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ilavajhala, S.; Davies, D.; Schmaltz, J. E.; Wong, M.; Murphy, K. J.

2013-12-01

The NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) is at the forefront of providing global near real-time (NRT) MODIS thermal anomalies / hotspot location data to end-users . FIRMS serves the data via an interactive Web GIS named Web Fire Mapper, downloads of NRT active fire, archive data downloads for MODIS hotspots dating back to 1999 and a hotspot email alert system The FIRMS Email Alerts system has been successfully alerting users of fires in their area of interest in near real-time and/or via daily and weekly email summaries, with an option to receive MODIS hotspot data as a text file (CSV) attachment. Currently, there are more than 7000 email alert subscriptions from more than 100 countries. Specifically, the email alerts system is designed to generate and send an email alert for any region or area on the globe, with a special focus on providing alerts for protected areas worldwide. For many protected areas, email alerts are particularly useful for early fire detection, monitoring on going fires, as well as allocating resources to protect wildlife and natural resources of particular value. For protected areas, FIRMS uses the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) supplied by United Nations Environment Program - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). Maintaining the most up-to-date, accurate boundary geometry for the protected areas for the email alerts is a challenge as the WDPA is continuously updated due to changing boundaries, merging or delisting of certain protected areas. Because of this dynamic nature of the protected areas database, the FIRMS protected areas database is frequently out-of-date with the most current version of WDPA database. To maintain the most up-to-date boundary information for protected areas and to be in compliance with the WDPA terms and conditions, FIRMS needs to constantly update its database of protected areas. Currently, FIRMS strives to keep its database up to date by downloading the most recent WDPA database at regular intervals, processing it, and ingesting it into the FIRMS spatial database. However, due to the large size of database, the process to download, process and ingest the database is quite time consuming. The FIRMS team is currently working on developing a method to update the protected areas database via web at regular intervals or on-demand. Using such a solution, FIRMS will be able access the most up-to-date extents of any protected area and the corresponding spatial geometries in real time. As such, FIRMS can utilize such a service to access the protected areas and their associated geometries to keep users' protected area boundaries in sync with those of the most recent WDPA database, and thus serve a more accurate email alert to the users. Furthermore, any client accessing the WDPA protected areas database could potentially use the solution of real-time access to the protected areas database. This talk primarily focuses on the challenges for FIRMS in sending accurate email alerts for protected areas, along with the solution the FIRMS team is developing. This talk also introduces the FIRMS fire information system and its components, with a special emphasis on the FIRMS email alerts system.

The application of machine vision in fire protection system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rong, Jiang

2018-04-01

Based on the previous research, this paper introduces the theory of wavelet, collects the situation through the video system, and calculates the key information needed in the fire protection system. That is, through the algorithm to collect the information, according to the flame color characteristics and smoke characteristics were extracted, and as the characteristic information corresponding processing. Alarm system set the corresponding alarm threshold, when more than this alarm threshold, the system will alarm. This combination of flame color characteristics and smoke characteristics of the fire method not only improve the accuracy of judgment, but also improve the efficiency of judgments. Experiments show that the scheme is feasible.

Informap... a computerized information system for fire planning and fire control

Treesearch

Theodore G. Storey; Ross D. Carder; Ernest T. Tolin

1969-01-01

INFORMAP (Information Necessary for Optimum Resource Management and Protection) is a computerized system under development for storing, manipulating, retrieving, and displaying data for fire planning and fire control. A prototype for planning applications has been developed and tested. It is programed in Fortran IV for the IBM 7040 computer, and displays information in...

Audit Report, "Fire Protection Deficiencies at Los Alamos National Laboratory"

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2009-06-01

The Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos) maintains some of the Nation's most important national security assets, including nuclear materials. Many of Los Alamos' facilities are located in close proximity to one another, are occupied by large numbers of contract and Federal employees, and support activities ranging from nuclear weapons design to science-related activities. Safeguarding against fires, regardless of origin, is essential to protecting employees, surrounding communities, and national security assets. On June 1, 2006, Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS), became the managing and operating contractor for Los Alamos, under contract with the Department's National Nuclearmore » Security Administration (NNSA). In preparation for assuming its management responsibilities at Los Alamos, LANS conducted walk-downs of the Laboratory's facilities to identify pre-existing deficiencies that could give rise to liability, obligation, loss or damage. The walk-downs, which identified 812 pre-existing fire protection deficiencies, were conducted by subject matter professionals, including fire protection experts. While the Los Alamos Site Office has overall responsibility for the effectiveness of the fire protection program, LANS, as the Laboratory's operating contractor, has a major, day-to-day role in minimizing fire-related risks. The issue of fire protection at Los Alamos is more than theoretical. In May 2000, the 'Cerro Grande' fire burned about 43,000 acres, including 7,700 acres of Laboratory property. Due to the risk posed by fire to the Laboratory's facilities, workforce, and surrounding communities, we initiated this audit to determine whether pre-existing fire protection deficiencies had been addressed. Our review disclosed that LANS had not resolved many of the fire protection deficiencies that had been identified in early 2006: (1) Of the 296 pre-existing deficiencies we selected for audit, 174 (59 percent) had not been corrected; and, (2) A substantial portion of the uncorrected deficiencies, 86 (49 percent) were considered by the walk-down teams to be significant enough to warrant compensatory actions until the deficiency was corrected or was tracked to closure through implementation of corrective actions. Further, we found that 32 of the significant deficiencies had been closed by the previous Los Alamos contractor, prior to LANS assuming responsibility for operation of the Laboratory, even though the deficiencies had not been corrected. A fire protection expert provided technical support during the audit. As an example of uncorrected problems, LANS had not resolved, by performing periodic tests, a deficiency identified in 2006 regarding a kitchen hood fire suppression system in a facility located within the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Such systems are required to be tested twice a year by the National Fire Protection Association standard, a standard that had been adopted by Department of Energy under DOE Order 420.1B. Yet, in 2006, the LANS walk-down team recognized that this system had not been inspected since May 2004 and noted that deficient suppression systems could result in significantly high levels of property damage and loss. After we brought this issue to management's attention on February 6, 2009, LANS officials stated that the Laboratory would correct this deficiency. As with the problems involving the fire suppression system, we observed that LANS had not always corrected life safety deficiencies involving building exits at one of its primary facilities. This included providing a secondary emergency exit for a building with occupants on multiple floor levels. LANS had removed personnel from the third floor and improved the sprinkler system of the facility, but it had still not provided a secondary exit for personnel on the second floor by the time we completed our review. NNSA has since stated that this fire protection issue will be completely addressed by relocating personnel from the second floor. Perhaps most serious, our testing revealed that a number of deficiencies were formally closed even though actual corrective action had not been completed. Notably, we observed that action had not been taken to resolve a recommendation to replace a fire alarm panel found to be unreliable. After the walk-down was conducted but prior to contract transition, the former contractor closed the recommendation in its action tracking database even though the panel had not been replaced. The walk-down team had categorized the fire alarm system as requiring replacement since it had been modified many times, was old and obsolete, and had very limited available spare parts. In fact, the walk-down team concluded that the panel 'must be considered to be unreliable and should have a very high priority for replacement'.« less

46 CFR 95.10-5 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire pumps. 95.10-5 Section 95.10-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System, Details § 95.10-5 Fire pumps. (a) Vessels shall be equipped with independently driven fire...

46 CFR 118.300 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire pumps. 118.300 Section 118.300 Shipping COAST GUARD... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 118.300 Fire pumps. (a) A self priming, power driven fire pump must be installed on each vessel. (b) On a...

46 CFR 76.10-5 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire pumps. 76.10-5 Section 76.10-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System, Details § 76.10-5 Fire pumps. (a) Vessels shall be equipped with independently driven fire pumps in...

Fire Protection Jacket

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT, aided Paul Monroe Engineering, Orange, CA, in the development of their PC1200 Series Fire Protection Jacket that protects the oil conduit system on an offshore drilling platform from the intense hydrocarbon fires that cause buckling and could cause structural failure of the platform. The flame-proof jacketing, which can withstand temperatures of 2000 degrees Fahrenheit for four hours or more, was developed from a combination of ceramic cloth (similar to the ceramic in Space Shuttle tiles), and laminates used in space suits.

46 CFR 193.10-5 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire pumps. 193.10-5 Section 193.10-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System, Details § 193.10-5 Fire pumps. (a) Vessels shall be equipped with independently...

46 CFR 27.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS TOWING VESSELS General Provisions for Fire-Protection... the Commandant; (2) A manually-operated clean-agent system that satisfies the National Fire Protection... or coastal service. Towing vessel in ocean or coastal service means a towing vessel that operates...

Fire protection for launch facilities using machine vision fire detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwartz, Douglas B.

1993-02-01

Fire protection of critical space assets, including launch and fueling facilities and manned flight hardware, demands automatic sensors for continuous monitoring, and in certain high-threat areas, fast-reacting automatic suppression systems. Perhaps the most essential characteristic for these fire detection and suppression systems is high reliability; in other words, fire detectors should alarm only on actual fires and not be falsely activated by extraneous sources. Existing types of fire detectors have been greatly improved in the past decade; however, fundamental limitations of their method of operation leaves open a significant possibility of false alarms and restricts their usefulness. At the Civil Engineering Laboratory at Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida, a new type of fire detector is under development which 'sees' a fire visually, like a human being, and makes a reliable decision based on known visual characteristics of flames. Hardware prototypes of the Machine Vision (MV) Fire Detection System have undergone live fire tests and demonstrated extremely high accuracy in discriminating actual fires from false alarm sources. In fact, this technology promises to virtually eliminate false activations. This detector could be used to monitor fueling facilities, launch towers, clean rooms, and other high-value and high-risk areas. Applications can extend to space station and in-flight shuttle operations as well; fiber optics and remote camera heads enable the system to see around obstructed areas and crew compartments. The capability of the technology to distinguish fires means that fire detection can be provided even during maintenance operations, such as welding.

Fire protection for launch facilities using machine vision fire detection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwartz, Douglas B.

1993-01-01

Fire protection of critical space assets, including launch and fueling facilities and manned flight hardware, demands automatic sensors for continuous monitoring, and in certain high-threat areas, fast-reacting automatic suppression systems. Perhaps the most essential characteristic for these fire detection and suppression systems is high reliability; in other words, fire detectors should alarm only on actual fires and not be falsely activated by extraneous sources. Existing types of fire detectors have been greatly improved in the past decade; however, fundamental limitations of their method of operation leaves open a significant possibility of false alarms and restricts their usefulness. At the Civil Engineering Laboratory at Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida, a new type of fire detector is under development which 'sees' a fire visually, like a human being, and makes a reliable decision based on known visual characteristics of flames. Hardware prototypes of the Machine Vision (MV) Fire Detection System have undergone live fire tests and demonstrated extremely high accuracy in discriminating actual fires from false alarm sources. In fact, this technology promises to virtually eliminate false activations. This detector could be used to monitor fueling facilities, launch towers, clean rooms, and other high-value and high-risk areas. Applications can extend to space station and in-flight shuttle operations as well; fiber optics and remote camera heads enable the system to see around obstructed areas and crew compartments. The capability of the technology to distinguish fires means that fire detection can be provided even during maintenance operations, such as welding.

A feasibility study: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection utilization of infrared technologies for wildland fire suppression and management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nichols, J. D.; Britten, R. A.; Parks, G. S.; Voss, J. M.

1990-01-01

NASA's JPL has completed a feasibility study using infrared technologies for wildland fire suppression and management. The study surveyed user needs, examined available technologies, matched the user needs with technologies, and defined an integrated infrared wildland fire mapping concept system configuration. System component trade-offs were presented for evaluation in the concept system configuration. The economic benefits of using infrared technologies in fire suppression and management were examined. Follow-on concept system configuration development and implementation were proposed.

Systems Study of an Automated Fire Weather Data System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nishioka, K.

1974-01-01

A sensor system applicable to an automated weather station was developed. The sensor provides automated fire weather data which correlates with manual readings. The equipment and methods are applied as an aid to the surveillance and protection of wildlands from fire damage. The continuous readings provided by the sensor system make it possible to determine the periods of time that the wilderness areas should be closed to the public to minimize the possibilities of fire.

Fire-protection research for energy technology: Fy 80 year end report

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasegawa, H. K.; Alvares, N. J.; Lipska, A. E.; Ford, H.; Priante, S.; Beason, D. G.

1981-05-01

This continuing research program was initiated in order to advance fire protection strategies for Fusion Energy Experiments (FEE). The program expanded to encompass other forms of energy research. Accomplishments for fiscal year 1980 were: finalization of the fault-free analysis of the Shiva fire management system; development of a second-generation, fire-growth analysis using an alternate model and new LLNL combustion dynamics data; improvements of techniques for chemical smoke aerosol analysis; development and test of a simple method to assess the corrosive potential of smoke aerosols; development of an initial aerosol dilution system; completion of primary small-scale tests for measurements of the dynamics of cable fires; finalization of primary survey format for non-LLNL energy technology facilities; and studies of fire dynamics and aerosol production from electrical insulation and computer tape cassettes.

14 CFR 25.1713 - Fire protection: EWIS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS) § 25.1713... used during emergency procedures must be fire resistant. (c) Insulation on electrical wire and electrical cable, and materials used to provide additional protection for the wire and cable, installed in...

FIRESCOPE: a new concept in multiagency fire suppression coordination

Treesearch

Richard A. Chase

1980-01-01

FIRESCOPE is a system developed to improve the capability of firefighting agencies in southern California in allocating and managing fire suppression resources. The system provides an effective and efficient solution to operational coordination requirements and problems of the major fire protection agencies serving the southern California urban-wildland complex. Major...

Department of the Army Justification of Estimates for Fiscal Year 1983 Submitted to Congress February 1982. Part 3 (Weapons & Tracked Combat Vehicles).

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

of 130 kits for the Fire Support Teem Vehicle, an integrated system platform which will provide under - armor protection for the ground laser locator...procureuent of 495 kits for the Fire Support Team Vehicles, an integrated system platform which will provide under - armor protection for the Ground Laser

Fight Fire with These Safety Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Lisa M.

1998-01-01

Provides expert guidelines on ways to keep schools and children safe from building fires, such as maintenance of exits for easy egress in emergencies, maintaining fire-protection systems, and utilizing evacuation planning and drilling. Highlights fire-safety ideas as part of school-building and renovation projects. (GR)

Smoke Detection: Critical Element of a University Residential Fire Safety Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Donald A.

1979-01-01

A program at the University of Massachusetts/Amherst to assess the fire protection needs of its residential system is described. The study culminated in a multiphase fire safety improvement plan. (JMF)

Effects of Water Sprinklers on the Performance of Low Level AFFF Aircraft Hangar Fire Suppression Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-05-22

AFFF fire suppression system. The combined overhead water-only sprinkler and low level AFFF system is being considered as a new protection scheme for...performance of a low level system during AFFF discharge (4.0 Lpm/sq m (0.1 gpm/sq ft)). Based on the results of these tests, the design criteria for...Navy hangar protection may be revised to incorporate AFFF application from only the low level system, combined with overhead closed-head guide response water sprinklers.

A comparison of geospatially modeled fire behavior and fire management utility of three data sources in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

LaWen T. Hollingsworth; Laurie L. Kurth; Bernard R. Parresol; Roger D. Ottmar; Susan J. Prichard

2012-01-01

Landscape-scale fire behavior analyses are important to inform decisions on resource management projects that meet land management objectives and protect values from adverse consequences of fire. Deterministic and probabilistic geospatial fire behavior analyses are conducted with various modeling systems including FARSITE, FlamMap, FSPro, and Large Fire Simulation...

46 CFR 153.975 - Preparation for cargo transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... system to have a fire protection system. (b) Any electrical bonding of the tankship to the transfer... plugged. (m) Smoking is limited to safe places. (n) Fire fighting and safety equipment is ready. (o) He is... or continue cargo transfer unless the following conditions are met: (a) No fires or open flames are...

Unmanned Ground Vehicles for Integrated Force Protection

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-04-01

employed. 2 Force Protection 18 MAR 02 Security Posts Squad Laptop Fire Tm Ldr Wearable Computers OP/LP Def Fight Psn SRT Sensors USA, USMC, Allied...visual systems. Attaching sensors and response devices on a monorail proved to be much more technically challenging than expected. Film producers and...facilitate experimentation with weapon aiming and firing techniques from the MRHA. grated Marsupial Delivery System was developed to transport smaller

Management impacts on fire occurrence: A comparison of fire regimes of African and South American tropical savannas in different protected areas.

PubMed

Alvarado, Swanni T; Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire; Archibald, Sally

2018-07-15

Humans can alter fire dynamics in grassland systems by changing fire frequency, fire seasonality and fuel conditions. These changes have effects on vegetation structure and recovery, species composition, and ecosystem function. Understanding how human management can affect fire regimes is vital to detect potential changes in the resilience of plant communities, and to predict vegetation responses to human interventions. We evaluated the fire regimes of two recently protected areas in Madagascar (Ibity and Itremo NPA) and one in Brazil (Serra do Cipó NP) before and after livestock exclusion and fire suppression policies. We compare the pre- and post-management fire history in these areas and analyze differences in terms of total annual burned area, density of ignitions, burn scar size distribution, fire return period and seasonal fire distribution. More than 90% of total park areas were burned at least once during the studied period, for all parks. We observed a significant reduction in the number of ignitions for Ibity NPA and Serra do Cipó NP after livestock exclusion and active fire suppression, but no significant change in total burned area for each protected area. We also observed a seasonal shift in burning, with fires happening later in the fire season (October-November) after management intervention. However, the protected areas in Madagascar had shorter fire return intervals (3.23 and 1.82 years) than those in Brazil (7.91 years). Our results demonstrate that fire exclusion is unattainable, and probably unwarranted in tropical grassland conservation areas, but show how human intervention in fire and vegetation patterns can alter various aspects of the fire regimes. This information can help with formulating realistic and effective fire management policies in these valuable conservation areas. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

14 CFR 25.869 - Fire protection: systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... protection: systems. (a) Electrical system components: (1) Components of the electrical system must meet the... the discharge side of the pump that might contain flammable vapors or fluids must meet the...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 179 - Procedures for Simulated Pool and Torch-Fire Testing

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... plate. (3) Before exposure to the pool-fire simulation, none of the thermocouples on the thermal... simulated pool fire. (5) A pool-fire simulation test must run for a minimum of 100 minutes. The thermal... three consecutive successful simulation fire tests must be performed for each thermal protection system...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 179 - Procedures for Simulated Pool and Torch-Fire Testing

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... plate. (3) Before exposure to the pool-fire simulation, none of the thermocouples on the thermal... simulated pool fire. (5) A pool-fire simulation test must run for a minimum of 100 minutes. The thermal... three consecutive successful simulation fire tests must be performed for each thermal protection system...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 179 - Procedures for Simulated Pool and Torch-Fire Testing

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... plate. (3) Before exposure to the pool-fire simulation, none of the thermocouples on the thermal... simulated pool fire. (5) A pool-fire simulation test must run for a minimum of 100 minutes. The thermal... three consecutive successful simulation fire tests must be performed for each thermal protection system...

46 CFR 76.17-25 - Additional protection required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.17-25 Additional protection required. (a) In order that any residual fires above the floor plates may be extinguished when a foam system is installed...

46 CFR 76.17-25 - Additional protection required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.17-25 Additional protection required. (a) In order that any residual fires above the floor plates may be extinguished when a foam system is installed...

Water Supply Systems For Aircraft Fire And Rescue Protection

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-01-01

This Advisory Circular (AC) provides guidance for the selection : of a water source and standards for the design of a distribution system to : support aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) service operations on : airports.

46 CFR 118.300 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire pumps. 118.300 Section 118.300 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150 PASSENGERS OR WITH OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 118.300...

Policy Options to Address Crucial Communication Gaps in the Incident Command System

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection COML Communications Unit Leader COMT Communication Technician EBRPD East Bay Regional Parks...Laguna Fire 1970 - One of California’s Worst Wildfires.” Available at http://www.cccarto.com/cal_wildfire/laguna/fire.html, Accessed August 10, 2012...NIMS - The Evolution of the National Incident Management System.” Fire Rescue Magazine, August 2011. 15 compatibility, and department emergency

Early Forest Fire Detection Using Radio-Acoustic Sounding System

PubMed Central

Sahin, Yasar Guneri; Ince, Turker

2009-01-01

Automated early fire detection systems have recently received a significant amount of attention due to their importance in protecting the global environment. Some emergent technologies such as ground-based, satellite-based remote sensing and distributed sensor networks systems have been used to detect forest fires in the early stages. In this study, a radio-acoustic sounding system with fine space and time resolution capabilities for continuous monitoring and early detection of forest fires is proposed. Simulations show that remote thermal mapping of a particular forest region by the proposed system could be a potential solution to the problem of early detection of forest fires. PMID:22573967

Fire Protection System for an Atrium Satisfies Code Intent

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boehmer, Donald J.; Jensen, Rolf

1975-01-01

The Civic Center in Scarborough, Ontario, has an open interior design that incorporates an atrium. Fire protection elements include automatic sprinklers, provisions for efficient exiting of building occupants, and smoke evacuation by gravity exhaust. (Available from 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, $15.00 annually.) (Author/MLF)

Inadequate Contract Oversight of Military Construction Projects in Afghanistan Resulted in Increased Hazards to Life and Safety of Coalition Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-08

applicable fire protection standards for two of the three projects we reviewed that required a fire sprinkler system . Specifically, the Secure...RSOI and Command and Control facilities do not have fire sprinkler systems as required by Unified Facilities Criteria 3-600-01, Section 4-2.2...stated that, as such, those facilities did not need fire sprinkler systems . Based on the justification provided by the Air Force on the DD Form 1391s

46 CFR 76.35-5 - Zoning.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-5 Zoning. (a) The zoning of the manual alarm system shall meet the same requirements as for the electric fire detecting system, § 76.27-5. (b) [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 76.35-5 - Zoning.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-5 Zoning. (a) The zoning of the manual alarm system shall meet the same requirements as for the electric fire detecting system, § 76.27-5. (b) [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 76.35-5 - Zoning.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-5 Zoning. (a) The zoning of the manual alarm system shall meet the same requirements as for the electric fire detecting system, § 76.27-5. (b) [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 76.35-5 - Zoning.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-5 Zoning. (a) The zoning of the manual alarm system shall meet the same requirements as for the electric fire detecting system, § 76.27-5. (b) [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 76.35-5 - Zoning.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Alarm System, Details § 76.35-5 Zoning. (a) The zoning of the manual alarm system shall meet the same requirements as for the electric fire detecting system, § 76.27-5. (b) [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 28.825 - Excess fire detection and protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... appropriate] FIRE SYSTEM.” (v) Instructions for the operation of the system must be located in a conspicuous... be in a break-glass-type box conspicuously located adjacent to the opening, and; (vii) Be equipped...

46 CFR 28.825 - Excess fire detection and protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... appropriate] FIRE SYSTEM.” (v) Instructions for the operation of the system must be located in a conspicuous... be in a break-glass-type box conspicuously located adjacent to the opening, and; (vii) Be equipped...

46 CFR 28.825 - Excess fire detection and protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... appropriate] FIRE SYSTEM.” (v) Instructions for the operation of the system must be located in a conspicuous... be in a break-glass-type box conspicuously located adjacent to the opening, and; (vii) Be equipped...

14 CFR 23.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 23.859... Construction Fire Protection § 23.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire regions. The following combustion heater fire regions must be protected from fire in accordance with the...

14 CFR 23.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 23.859... Construction Fire Protection § 23.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire regions. The following combustion heater fire regions must be protected from fire in accordance with the...

14 CFR 23.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 23.859... Construction Fire Protection § 23.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire regions. The following combustion heater fire regions must be protected from fire in accordance with the...

14 CFR 23.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 23.859... Construction Fire Protection § 23.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire regions. The following combustion heater fire regions must be protected from fire in accordance with the...

14 CFR 23.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 23.859... Construction Fire Protection § 23.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire regions. The following combustion heater fire regions must be protected from fire in accordance with the...

Research in fire prevention.

PubMed

Pearce, N

1985-10-01

This paper describes in broad terms, the fire testing programme we carried out on whole bed assemblies in 1984. It should be clear that the tests were carried out in a thoroughly rigorous scientific manner. As always there is more to be done. The immediate task of finding the so called 'safe' bed assembly is proceeding with the search this year for safer pillows. Softer barrier foams are now being produced and it may be that the NHS could use full depth foam mattresses rather than a barrier foam wrap. On the engineering side I have explained the false alarm problem, and I have reviewed some of the research we are doing to see that new technology is used to give us better systems in future. Life safety sprinkler systems give the possibility of truly active fire protection in patient areas. They will enhance fire safety but at the moment no trade-offs can be offered in other areas of fire protection--either active or passive. My final point is that although I have considered the Department's fire research by looking separately at specific projects, the fire safety of a hospital must always be considered as a total package. To be effective, individual components of fire safety must not be considered in isolation but as part of the overall fire safety system.

QM-8 field joint protection system, volume 7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hale, Elgie

1989-01-01

The pre-launch functioning data of the Field Joint Protection System (JPS) used on QM-8 are presented. Also included is the post fire condition of the JPS components following the test firing of the motor. The JPS components are: field joint heaters; field joint sensors; field joint moisture seal; moisture seal kevlar retaining straps; field joint external extruded cork insulation; vent valve; power cables; and igniter heater.

Forest construction infrastructures for the prevision, suppression, and protection before and after forest fires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drosos, Vasileios C.; Giannoulas, Vasileios J.; Daoutis, Christodoulos

2014-08-01

Climatic changes cause temperature rise and thus increase the risk of forest fires. In Greece the forests with the greatest risk to fire are usually those located near residential and tourist areas where there are major pressures on land use changes, while there are no currently guaranteed cadastral maps and defined title deeds because of the lack of National and Forest Cadastre. In these areas the deliberate causes of forest fires are at a percentage more than 50%. This study focuses on the forest opening up model concerning both the prevention and suppression of forest fires. The most urgent interventions that can be done after the fire destructions is also studied in relation to soil protection constructions, in order to minimize the erosion and the torrential conditions. Digital orthophotos were used in order to produce and analyze spatial data using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Initially, Digital Elevation Models were generated, based on photogrammetry and forest areas as well as the forest road network were mapped. Road density, road distance, skidding distance and the opening up percentage were accurately measured for a forest complex. Finally, conclusions and suggestions have been drawn about the environmental compatibility of forest protection and wood harvesting works. In particular the contribution of modern technologies such as digital photogrammetry, remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems is very important, allowing reliable, effective and fast process of spatial analysis contributing to a successful planning of opening up works and fire protection.

30 CFR 75.1103-5 - Automatic fire warning devices; actions and response.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic fire warning devices; actions and... Protection § 75.1103-5 Automatic fire warning devices; actions and response. (a) When the carbon monoxide... fire sensor and warning device systems shall provide an effective warning signal at the following...

30 CFR 75.1103-5 - Automatic fire warning devices; actions and response.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire warning devices; actions and... Protection § 75.1103-5 Automatic fire warning devices; actions and response. (a) When the carbon monoxide... fire sensor and warning device systems shall provide an effective warning signal at the following...

75 FR 35437 - Notice of Request for Extension of a Currently Approved Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-22

... from construction of a fire station with fire fighting and rescue equipment to financing a 911 emergency system. These facilities are designed to provide fire protection and emergency rescue services to... for a currently approved information collection in support of the program for Fire and Rescue Loans...

Utilization of available skills and materials in fire prevention

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, H. W.

1971-01-01

Procedures for installing fire protection systems in large buildings are discussed. Factors considered in the safety management are: (1) distribution of water supply, (2) design and location of exits, (3) emergency power system, and (4) maintenance procedures.

Heat shields for aircraft - A new concept to save lives in crash fires.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neel, C. B.; Parker, J. A.; Fish, R. H.; Henshaw, J.; Newland, J. H.; Tempesta, F. L.

1971-01-01

A passenger compartment surrounded by a fire-retardant shell, to protect the occupants long enough for the fire to burn out or for fire-fighting equipment to reach the aircraft and extinguish it, is proposed as a new concept for saving lives in crash fires. This concept is made possible by the recent development of two new fire-retardant materials: a very lightweight foam plastic, called polyisocyanurate foam, and an intumescent paint. Exposed to heat, the intumescent paint expands to many times its original thickness and insulates the surface underneath it. Demonstration tests are illustrated, described and discussed. However, some problems, such as preventing fuselage rupture and protecting windows, must be solved before such a system can be used.

HOW TO PROVIDE AUTOMATIC FIRE PROTECTION FOR YOUR BUILDING.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Honeywell, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.

THE ADVANTAGES OF PROMPT FIRE DETECTION IS DISCUSSED WITH RESPECT TO THE NATURE AND COST OF FIRES. EQUIPMENT IS DESCRIBED, AND DIAGRAMS OF INSTALLATIONS OF DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS ARE GIVEN FOR SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, COMMERICAL BUILDINGS, INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, AND CAMPUSES. (JT)

LSD 36 Well Deck Fire Protection

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-30

below, which are loaded with personnel, vehicles and supplies. Normally, an Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF ) sprinkler system would be recommended for...the foam to the center area and allow the AFFF film to spread out from there; or, some combination of the two approaches. Results Phase I Tests A...landing craft and vehicles stored in the well deck below. Based on these tests, the optimum fire protection system would involve an Aqueous Film

Fire tests to evaluate the potential fire threat and its effects on HEPA filter integrity in cell ventilation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building 7920

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hasegawa, H.K.; Staggs, K.J.; Doughty, S.M.

1992-12-01

As a result of a DOE (Tiger Team) Technical Safety Appraisal (November 1990) of the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC), ORNL Building 7920, a number of fire protection concerns were identified. The primary concern was the perceived loss of ventilation system containment due to the thermal destruction and/or breaching of the prefilters and/or high-efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA `s) and the resultant radioactive release to the external environment. The following report describes the results of an extensive fire test program performed by the Fire Research Discipline (FRD) of the Special Projects Division of Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) and fundedmore » by ORNL to address these concerns. Full scale mock-ups of a REDC hot cell tank pit, adjacent cubicle pit, and associated ventilation system were constructed at LLNL and 13 fire experiments were conducted to specifically answer the questions raised by the Tiger Team. Our primary test plan was to characterize the burning of a catastrophic solvent spill (kerosene) of 40 liters and its effect on the containment ventilation system prefilters and HEPA filters. In conjunction with ORNL and Lockwood Greene we developed a test matrix that assessed the fire performance of the prefilters and HEPA filters; evaluated the fire response of the fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) epoxy ventilation duct work; the response and effectiveness of the fire protection system, the effect of fire in a cubicle on the vessel off-gas (VOG) elbow, and other fire safety questions.« less

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Cooling Performance of Water Spraying Systems during a Fire

PubMed Central

Chen, YaoHan; Su, ChungHwei; Tseng, JoMing; Li, WunJie

2015-01-01

The water spray systems are effective protection systems in the confined or unconfined spaces to avoid the damage to building structures since the high temperature when fires occur. NFPA 15 and 502 have suggested respectively that the factories or vehicle tunnels install water spray systems to protect the machinery and structures. This study discussed the cooling effect of water spray systems in experimental and numerical analyses. The actual combustion of woods were compared with the numerical simulations. The results showed that although the flame continued, the cooling effects by water spraying process within 120 seconds were obvious. The results also indicated that the simulation results of the fifth version Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) overestimated the space temperature before water spraying in the case of the same water spray system. PMID:25723519

77 FR 58170 - Proposed Renewal of Existing Information Collection; Fire Protection (Underground Coal Mines)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

... the locations of automatic fire warning sensors and the intended air flow direction at these locations...) requires that a qualified person examine the automatic fire sensor and warning device systems on a weekly....1103-8(b) requires that a record of the weekly automatic fire sensor functional tests be maintained by...

75 FR 20516 - Special Conditions: Cirrus Design Corporation, Model SF50; Fire Extinguishing for Upper Aft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-20

...; Special Conditions No. 23-245-SC] Special Conditions: Cirrus Design Corporation, Model SF50; Fire... protect such installed engines from fires, were not envisioned in the development of the part 23 normal... condition for the fire extinguishing system for the engine on the model SF50 is required. Regulations...

Effects of fire fighter protective ensembles on mobility and performance.

PubMed

Coca, Aitor; Williams, W Jon; Roberge, Raymond J; Powell, Jeffrey B

2010-07-01

Many studies have shown that fire fighter turnout gear and equipment may restrict mobility. The restriction of movement is usually due to a decrease in range of motion (ROM). It is important to know how much the decrease in ROM affects performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fire fighter protective ensembles on mobility and performance by measuring static and dynamic range of motion (ROM) and job-related tasks. Eight healthy adults (5 males, 3 females), aged 20-40 years, participated in this study. The study consisted of measuring a battery of motions and fire fighter specific tasks while wearing a standard fire fighter ensemble (SE) or regular light clothing (baseline or BL). Several BL ROM tests were significantly (p < 0.05) different from the SE test, including a decrease in shoulder flexion, cervical rotation and flexion, trunk lateral flexion, and stand and reach. There was a significant decrease in time from SE to baseline performing the one-arm search task and object lift. These overall findings support the need for a comprehensive ergonomic evaluation of protective clothing systems to ascertain human factors issues. The development of a Standard Ergonomics Test Practice for further use in laboratories that conduct personal protective systems evaluations using human test subjects is recommended. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Fire extinguishment and inhibition in spacecraft environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deris, John

1987-01-01

It was concluded that it is essential that NASA develop a comprehensive approach to fire extinguishment and inerting in spacecraft environments. Electronic equipment might be easily protected through use of an onboard inert gas generating system. The use of Halon 1301 presents serious technological challenges for agent cleanup and removal of the toxic and corrosive products of combustion. Nitrogen pressurization, while effective, probably presents a serious weight penality. The use of liquid water sprays appears to be the most effective approach to general purpose spacecraft fire protection.

29 CFR Appendix B to Subpart L of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... NFPA No. 13E, Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler, Standpipe Systems. ANSI..., Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. 1910.159 ANSI-NFPA No. 13, Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 13A, Sprinkler Systems, Maintenance. ANSI/NFPA No. 18, Wetting Agents. ANSI/NFPA No. 20...

29 CFR Appendix B to Subpart L of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... NFPA No. 13E, Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler, Standpipe Systems. ANSI..., Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. 1910.159 ANSI-NFPA No. 13, Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 13A, Sprinkler Systems, Maintenance. ANSI/NFPA No. 18, Wetting Agents. ANSI/NFPA No. 20...

29 CFR Appendix B to Subpart L of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... NFPA No. 13E, Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler, Standpipe Systems. ANSI..., Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. 1910.159 ANSI-NFPA No. 13, Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 13A, Sprinkler Systems, Maintenance. ANSI/NFPA No. 18, Wetting Agents. ANSI/NFPA No. 20...

29 CFR Appendix B to Subpart L of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... NFPA No. 13E, Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler, Standpipe Systems. ANSI..., Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. 1910.159 ANSI-NFPA No. 13, Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 13A, Sprinkler Systems, Maintenance. ANSI/NFPA No. 18, Wetting Agents. ANSI/NFPA No. 20...

Fire Protection Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Avco has drawn upon its heat shield experience to develop a number of widely-accepted commercial fire protection materials. Originating from NASA's space shuttle thermal protection system, one such material is Chartek 59 fireproofing, an intumescent epoxy coating specifically designed for outdoor use by industrial facilities dealing with highly flammable products such as oil refineries and chemical plants. The coating is applied usually by spray gun to exterior structural steel conduits, pipes and valves, offshore platforms and liquefied petroleum gas tanks. Fireproofing provides two types of protection: ablation or dissipation of heat by burn-off and "intumescence" or swelling; the coating swells to about five times its original size, forming a protective blanket of char which retards transfer of heat to the metal structure preventing loss of structural strength and possible collapse which would compound the fire fighting problem.

Factors Controlling Vegetation Fires in Protected and Non-Protected Areas of Myanmar

PubMed Central

Biswas, Sumalika; Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad; Lwin, Zin Mar; Lasko, Kristofer; Justice, Christopher O.

2015-01-01

Fire is an important disturbance agent in Myanmar impacting several ecosystems. In this study, we quantify the factors impacting vegetation fires in protected and non-protected areas of Myanmar. Satellite datasets in conjunction with biophysical and anthropogenic factors were used in a spatial framework to map the causative factors of fires. Specifically, we used the frequency ratio method to assess the contribution of each causative factor to overall fire susceptibility at a 1km scale. Results suggested the mean fire density in non-protected areas was two times higher than the protected areas. Fire-land cover partition analysis suggested dominant fire occurrences in the savannas (protected areas) and woody savannas (non-protected areas). The five major fire causative factors in protected areas in descending order include population density, land cover, tree cover percent, travel time from nearest city and temperature. In contrast, the causative factors in non-protected areas were population density, tree cover percent, travel time from nearest city, temperature and elevation. The fire susceptibility analysis showed distinct spatial patterns with central Myanmar as a hot spot of vegetation fires. Results from propensity score matching suggested that forests within protected areas have 11% less fires than non-protected areas. Overall, our results identify important causative factors of fire useful to address broad scale fire risk concerns at a landscape scale in Myanmar. PMID:25909632

Factors controlling vegetation fires in protected and non-protected areas of myanmar.

PubMed

Biswas, Sumalika; Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad; Lwin, Zin Mar; Lasko, Kristofer; Justice, Christopher O

2015-01-01

Fire is an important disturbance agent in Myanmar impacting several ecosystems. In this study, we quantify the factors impacting vegetation fires in protected and non-protected areas of Myanmar. Satellite datasets in conjunction with biophysical and anthropogenic factors were used in a spatial framework to map the causative factors of fires. Specifically, we used the frequency ratio method to assess the contribution of each causative factor to overall fire susceptibility at a 1km scale. Results suggested the mean fire density in non-protected areas was two times higher than the protected areas. Fire-land cover partition analysis suggested dominant fire occurrences in the savannas (protected areas) and woody savannas (non-protected areas). The five major fire causative factors in protected areas in descending order include population density, land cover, tree cover percent, travel time from nearest city and temperature. In contrast, the causative factors in non-protected areas were population density, tree cover percent, travel time from nearest city, temperature and elevation. The fire susceptibility analysis showed distinct spatial patterns with central Myanmar as a hot spot of vegetation fires. Results from propensity score matching suggested that forests within protected areas have 11% less fires than non-protected areas. Overall, our results identify important causative factors of fire useful to address broad scale fire risk concerns at a landscape scale in Myanmar.

Smokey comes of age: Unmanned aerial systems for fire management

USGS Publications Warehouse

Twidwell, Dirac; Allen, Craig R.; Detweiler, Carrick; Higgins, James; Laney, Christian; Elbaum, Sebastian

2016-01-01

During the past century, fire management has focused on techniques both to protect human communities from catastrophic wildfire and to maintain fire-dependent ecological systems. However, despite a large and increasing allocation of resources and personnel to achieve these goals, fire management objectives at regional to global scales are not being met. Current fire management techniques are clearly inadequate for the challenges faced by fire managers, and technological innovations are needed. Advances in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) technology provide opportunities for innovation in fire management and science. In many countries, fire management organizations are beginning to explore the potential of UAS for monitoring fires. We have taken the next step and developed a prototype that can precisely ignite fires as part of wildfire suppression tactics or prescribed fires (fire intentionally ignited within predetermined conditions to reduce hazardous fuels, improve habitat, or mitigate for large wildfires). We discuss the potential for these technologies to benefit fire management activities, while acknowledging the sizeable sociopolitical barriers that prevent their immediate broad application.

Multi-Level Wild Land Fire Fighting Management Support System for an Optimized Guidance of Ground and Air Forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Almer, Alexander; Schnabel, Thomas; Perko, Roland; Raggam, Johann; Köfler, Armin; Feischl, Richard

2016-04-01

Climate change will lead to a dramatic increase in damage from forest fires in Europe by the end of this century. In the Mediterranean region, the average annual area affected by forest fires has quadrupled since the 1960s (WWF, 2012). The number of forest fires is also on the increase in Central and Northern Europe. The Austrian forest fire database shows a total of 584 fires for the period 2012 to 2014, while even large areas of Sweden were hit by forest fires in August 2014, which were brought under control only after two weeks of intense fire-fighting efforts supported by European civil protection modules. Based on these facts, the improvements in forest fire control are a major international issue in the quest to protect human lives and resources as well as to reduce the negative environmental impact of these fires to a minimum. Within this paper the development of a multi-functional airborne management support system within the frame of the Austrian national safety and security research programme (KIRAS) is described. The main goal of the developments is to assist crisis management tasks of civil emergency teams and armed forces in disaster management by providing multi spectral, near real-time airborne image data products. As time, flexibility and reliability as well as objective information are crucial aspects in emergency management, the used components are tailored to meet these requirements. An airborne multi-functional management support system was developed as part of the national funded project AIRWATCH, which enables real-time monitoring of natural disasters based on optical and thermal images. Airborne image acquisition, a broadband line of sight downlink and near real-time processing solutions allow the generation of an up-to-date geo-referenced situation map. Furthermore, this paper presents ongoing developments for innovative extensions and research activities designed to optimize command operations in national and international fire-fighting missions. The ongoing development focuses on the following topics: (1) Development of a multi-level management solution to coordinate and guide different airborne and terrestrial deployed firefighting modules as well as related data processing and data distribution activities. (2) Further, a targeted control of the thermal sensor based on a rotating mirror system to extend the "area performance" (covered area per hour) in time critical situations for the monitoring requirements during forest fire events. (3) Novel computer vision methods for analysis of thermal sensor signatures, which allow an automatic classification of different forest fire types and situations. (4) A module for simulation-based decision support for planning and evaluation of resource usage and the effectiveness of performed fire-fighting measures. (5) Integration of wearable systems to assist ground teams in rescue operations as well as a mobile information system into innovative command and fire-fighting vehicles. In addition, the paper gives an outlook on future perspectives including a first concept for the integration of the near real-time multilevel forest fire fighting management system into an "EU Civil Protection Team" to support the EU civil protection modules and the Emergency Response Coordination Centre in Brussels. Keywords: Airborne sensing, multi sensor imaging, near real-time fire monitoring, simulation-based decision support, forest firefighting management, firefighting impact analysis.

49 CFR 179.18 - Thermal protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... fire effects on and heat flux through tank discontinuities, protective housings, underframes, metal jackets, insulation, and thermal protection. A complete record of each analysis shall be made, retained...

49 CFR 179.18 - Thermal protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... fire effects on and heat flux through tank discontinuities, protective housings, underframes, metal jackets, insulation, and thermal protection. A complete record of each analysis shall be made, retained...

49 CFR 179.18 - Thermal protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... fire effects on and heat flux through tank discontinuities, protective housings, underframes, metal jackets, insulation, and thermal protection. A complete record of each analysis shall be made, retained...

49 CFR 179.18 - Thermal protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... fire effects on and heat flux through tank discontinuities, protective housings, underframes, metal jackets, insulation, and thermal protection. A complete record of each analysis shall be made, retained...

29 CFR Appendix C to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection References For Further Information

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection Handbook, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. B. Accident.... Private Fire Brigades, NFPA 27; National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269..., Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 . 3. Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, NFPA 1001; National Fire...

29 CFR Appendix C to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection References For Further Information

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection Handbook, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. B. Accident.... Private Fire Brigades, NFPA 27; National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269..., Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 . 3. Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, NFPA 1001; National Fire...

29 CFR Appendix C to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection References For Further Information

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection Handbook, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. B. Accident.... Private Fire Brigades, NFPA 27; National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269..., Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 . 3. Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, NFPA 1001; National Fire...

Investment appraisal using quantitative risk analysis.

PubMed

Johansson, Henrik

2002-07-01

Investment appraisal concerned with investments in fire safety systems is discussed. Particular attention is directed at evaluating, in terms of the Bayesian decision theory, the risk reduction that investment in a fire safety system involves. It is shown how the monetary value of the change from a building design without any specific fire protection system to one including such a system can be estimated by use of quantitative risk analysis, the results of which are expressed in terms of a Risk-adjusted net present value. This represents the intrinsic monetary value of investing in the fire safety system. The method suggested is exemplified by a case study performed in an Avesta Sheffield factory.

78 FR 55765 - Compensatory and Alternative Regulatory Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-11

... Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN-FIRE) AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Draft..., ``Compensatory and Alternative Regulatory Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN-FIRE).'' In... integral part of NRC-approved fire protection programs. However, compensatory measures are not expected to...

Using Space Technologies for a timely detection of forest fires: the experience of end-users in 3 Italian Regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filizzola, Carolina; Belloni, Antonella; Benigno, Giuseppe; Biancardi, Alberto; Corrado, Rosita; Coviello, Irina; De Costanzo, Giovanni; Genzano, Nicola; Lacava, Teodosio; Lisi, Mariano; Marchese, Francesco; Mazzeo, Giuseppe; Merzagora, Cinzio; Paciello, Rossana; Pergola, Nicola; Sannazzaro, Filomena; Serio, Salvatore; Tramutoli, Valerio

2013-04-01

Every year, hundreds of thousands of hectares of European forests are destroyed by fires. Due to the particular topography, landscape and demographic distribution in Europe (very different from typical scenarios of China, USA, Canada and Australia), rapidity in fire sighting is still the determining factor in limiting damages to people and goods. Moreover, the possibility of early fire detection means also potentially to reduce the size of the event to be faced, the necessary fire fighting resources and, therefore, even the reaction times. In such a context, integration of satellite technologies (mainly high temporal resolution data) and traditional surveillance systems within the fire fighting procedures seems to positively impact on the effectiveness of active fire fighting as demonstrated by recent experiences over Italian territory jointly performed by University of Basilicata, IMAA-CNR and Local Authorities. Real time implementation was performed since 2007, during fire seasons, over several Italian regions with different fire regimes and features, in order to assess the actual potential of different satellite-based fire detection products to support regional and local authorities in efficiently fighting fires and better mitigating their negative effects. Real-time campaigns were carried out in strict collaboration with end-users within the framework of specific projects (i.e. the AVVISA, AVVISTA and AVVISA-Basilicata projects) funded by Civil Protection offices of Regione Lombardia, Provincia Regionale di Palermo and Regione Basilicata in charge of fire risk management and mitigation. A tailored training program was dedicated to the personnel of Regional Civil Protection offices in order to ensure the full understanding and the better integration of satellite based products and tools within the existing fire fighting protocols. In this work, outcomes of these practices are shown and discussed, especially highlighting the impact that a real time satellite system may have in assisting and complementing traditional surveillance systems to mitigate damages due to fires. In particular, the usefulness of satellite technology in an operational context was demonstrated mainly in reference to: i) the possibility of identifying fires at an early stage (so avoiding that small hotbeds could extend and become dangerous for citizens and destructive for environmental protected areas) as well as ii) the possibility to have an effective territorial control (e.g. discovering illegal burning fires such as unauthorized cleaning fires, and permitting local authorities to rapidly intervene and catch red-handed pyromaniacs).

14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... protective devices. (4) Means available for controlling or extinguishing a fire, such as stopping flow of...

Department of the Air Force. FY 1995 Budget Estimates. Military Construction and Family Housing

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-02-01

monorail lift systems and provide AFFF fire protection system, and elevators. Renovate engineering and work areas; provide new air make-up unit and...135,0U0 SY 1,200 880-212 AFFF FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM LS 800 FOR FUEL CELL TOTAL: 10,450 9b. Future Projects: Typical Planned Next Three Years: 111...PROTECT 2 EA 3,600 PH II & AFFF PUMPS/RESERVOIR TOTAL: 27,900 9b. Future Projects: Typical Planned Next Three Years: 442-758 WAREHOUSE 107,000 SF

46 CFR 108.486 - Helicopter decks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Helicopter decks. 108.486 Section 108.486 Shipping COAST... Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Protection for Helicopter Facilities § 108.486 Helicopter decks. At least two of the accesses to the helicopter landing deck must each have a fire hydrant on the unit's...

46 CFR 108.486 - Helicopter decks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Helicopter decks. 108.486 Section 108.486 Shipping COAST... Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Protection for Helicopter Facilities § 108.486 Helicopter decks. At least two of the accesses to the helicopter landing deck must each have a fire hydrant on the unit's...

46 CFR 108.486 - Helicopter decks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Helicopter decks. 108.486 Section 108.486 Shipping COAST... Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Protection for Helicopter Facilities § 108.486 Helicopter decks. At least two of the accesses to the helicopter landing deck must each have a fire hydrant on the unit's...

46 CFR 108.486 - Helicopter decks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Helicopter decks. 108.486 Section 108.486 Shipping COAST... Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Protection for Helicopter Facilities § 108.486 Helicopter decks. At least two of the accesses to the helicopter landing deck must each have a fire hydrant on the unit's...

46 CFR 108.486 - Helicopter decks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Helicopter decks. 108.486 Section 108.486 Shipping COAST... Fire Extinguishing Systems Fire Protection for Helicopter Facilities § 108.486 Helicopter decks. At least two of the accesses to the helicopter landing deck must each have a fire hydrant on the unit's...

Leveraging the geospatial advantage

Treesearch

Ben Butler; Andrew Bailey

2013-01-01

The Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS) web-based application leverages geospatial data to inform strategic decisions on wildland fires. A specialized data team, working within the Wildland Fire Management Research Development and Application group (WFM RD&A), assembles authoritative national-level data sets defining values to be protected. The use of...

49 CFR 179.18 - Thermal protection systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... analysis must consider the fire effects on and heat flux through tank discontinuities, protective housings, underframes, metal jackets, insulation, and thermal protection. A complete record of each analysis shall be...

Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Wildland Fire Management Environmental Assessment - April 2003

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Irving, J.S.

DOE prepared an environmental assessment (EA)for wildland fire management activities on the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) (DOE/EA-1372). The EA was developed to evaluate wildland fire management options for pre-fire, fire suppression, and post fire activities. Those activities have an important role in minimizing the conversion of the native sagebrush steppe ecosystem found on the INEEL to non-native weeds. Four alternative management approaches were analyzed: Alternative 1 - maximum fire protection; Alternative 2 - balanced fire protection; Alternative 2 - balanced fire protection; Alternative 3 - protect infrastructure and personnel; and Alternative 4 - no action/traditional fire protection.

Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Wildland Fire Management Environmental Assessment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Irving, John S

DOE prepared an environmental assessment (EA)for wildland fire management activities on the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) (DOE/EA-1372). The EA was developed to evaluate wildland fire management options for pre-fire, fire suppression, and post fire activities. Those activities have an important role in minimizing the conversion of the native sagebrush steppe ecosystem found on the INEEL to non-native weeds. Four alternative management approaches were analyzed: Alternative 1 - maximum fire protection; Alternative 2 - balanced fire protection; Alternative 2 - balanced fire protection; Alternative 3 - protect infrastructure and personnel; and Alternative 4 - no action/traditional fire protection.

Remote monitoring of a Fire Protection System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bauman, Steven; Vermeulen, Tom; Roberts, Larry; Matsushige, Grant; Gajadhar, Sarah; Taroma, Ralph; Elizares, Casey; Arruda, Tyson; Potter, Sharon; Hoffman, James

2011-03-01

Some years ago CFHT proposed developing a Remote Observing Environment aimed at producing Science Observations at their Observatory Facility on Mauna Kea from their Headquarters facility in Waimea, HI. This Remote Observing Project commonly referred to as OAP (Observatory Automation Project) was completed at the end of January 2011 and has been providing the majority of Science Data since. My poster will discuss the upgrades to the existing fire alarm protection system. With no one at the summit during nightly operations, the observatory facility required automated monitoring of the facility for safety to personnel and equipment in the case of a fire. An addressable analog fire panel was installed which utilizes digital communication protocol (DCP), intelligent communication with other devices, and an RS-232 interface which provides feedback and real-time monitoring of the system. Using the interface capabilities of the panel, it provides notifications when heat detectors, smoke sensors, manual pull stations, or the main observatory computer room fire suppression system has been activated. The notifications are sent out as alerts to staff in the form of test massages and emails and the observing control GUI interface alerts the remote telescope operator with a map showing the location of the fire occurrence and type of device that has been triggered. And all of this was accomplished without the need for an outside vendor to monitor the system and facilitate warnings or notifications regarding the system.

78 FR 70076 - Aging Management of Internal Surfaces, Fire Water Systems, Atmospheric Storage Tanks, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-22

... Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS): You may access publicly available documents online in the... protection system piping, (d) revisions to the scope and inspection recommendations of the GALL Report AMP XI... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2013-0068] Aging Management of Internal Surfaces, Fire Water...

Early Warning Systems Assure Safe Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenhalgh, John

1973-01-01

Fairfield, Connecticut, public schools are protected by an automatic fire detection system covering every area of every building through an electric monitor. An intrusion alarm system that relies primarily on pulsed infra-red beams protects the plant investment. (Author/MF)

49 CFR 193.2801 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire protection. 193.2801 Section 193.2801...: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Fire Protection § 193.2801 Fire protection. Each operator must provide and maintain fire protection at LNG plants according to sections 9.1 through 9.7 and section 9.9 of NFPA 59A...

46 CFR 76.15-50 - Lockout valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... any carbon dioxide extinguishing system protecting a space over 6,000 cubic feet in volume and... system from the protected space or spaces, making it impossible for carbon dioxide to discharge in the... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Carbon...

46 CFR 76.15-50 - Lockout valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... any carbon dioxide extinguishing system protecting a space over 6,000 cubic feet in volume and... system from the protected space or spaces, making it impossible for carbon dioxide to discharge in the... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Carbon...

Fire Protection for Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fortson-James, Judith

1981-01-01

This overview of preventive measures that can be taken to help minimize damage to library materials from fire discusses the advantages, disadvantages, dangers, and comparative costs of several types of sprinkler systems, including high-expansion foam, total-flooding, dry- and wet-pipe systems, and on-off sprinkler heads. Five references are…

29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 1910.163 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Fire Protection Fixed Fire... extinguishing agent, installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. These systems shall also comply with § 1910...

29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Section 1910.163 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Fire Protection Fixed Fire... extinguishing agent, installed to meet a particular OSHA standard. These systems shall also comply with § 1910...

Effects of weathering on performance of intumescent coatings for structure fire protection in the wildland-urban interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahrani, Babak

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of weathering on the performance of intumescent fire-retardant coatings on wooden products. The weathering effects included primary (solar irradiation, moisture, and temperature) and secondary (environmental contaminants) parameters at various time intervals. Wildland urban interface (WUI) fires have been an increasing threat to lives and properties. Existing solutions to mitigate the damages caused by WUI fires include protecting the structures from ignition and minimizing the fire spread from one structure to another. These solutions can be divided into two general categories: active fire protection systems and passive fire protection systems. Passive systems are either using pre-applied wetting agents (water, gel, or foam) or adding an extra layer (composite wraps or coatings). Fire-retardant coating treatment methods can be divided into impregnated (penetrant) and intumescent categories. Intumescent coatings are easy to apply, economical, and have a better appearance in comparison to other passive fire protection methods, and are the main focus of this study. There have been limited studies conducted on the application of intumescent coatings on wooden structures and their performance after long-term weathering exposure. The main concerns of weathering effects are: 1) the reduction of ignition resistance of the coating layer after weathering; and 2) the fire properties of coatings after weathering since coatings might contribute as a combustible fuel and assist the fire growth after ignition. Three intumescent coatings were selected and exposed to natural weathering conditions in three different time intervals. Two types of tests were performed on the specimens: a combustibility test consisted of a bench-scale performance evaluation using a Cone Calorimeter, and a thermal decomposition test using Simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) method (also known as SDT). For each coating type and weathering period, three different radiative heat flux levels were used in the combustibility tests. Data obtained from the tests, including flammability and thermal properties, were gathered, analyzed, and compared to non-weathered specimens. The results revealed visible effects of weathering on pre (and up to)-ignition flammability and intumescent properties, especially decreases in Time-to-Ignition (TTI), Time-to-Intumescence (tintu.), and (maximum) Intumescence Height (Hintu.) values in weathered specimens. These results showed that the ignition resistance of the coating layers decreased after weathering exposure. On the other hand, the obtained results from weathered specimens for the post-ignition flammability properties, especially Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR) and Effective Heat of Combustion (EHC) did not show a significant difference in comparison to the non-weathered samples. These results demonstrated that the weathered coating layer would not likely to act as an additional combustible fuel to increase fire spread.

46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

46 CFR 116.440 - Atriums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.440... entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be protected throughout with a smoke detection system...

46 CFR 181.400 - Where required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Where required. 181.400 Section 181.400 Shipping COAST... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fixed Fire Extinguishing and Detecting Systems § 181.400 Where required. (a) The... cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet); (2) A pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be in...

46 CFR 28.375 - Emergency source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Requirements for Vessels Which Have Their Keel Laid or Are at a Similar... systems; (3) Bilge pumps; (4) Fire protection and detection systems, including fire pumps; (5... (11.0 meters) in length need only supply communication equipment by an emergency source of electrical...

46 CFR 28.375 - Emergency source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Requirements for Vessels Which Have Their Keel Laid or Are at a Similar... systems; (3) Bilge pumps; (4) Fire protection and detection systems, including fire pumps; (5... (11.0 meters) in length need only supply communication equipment by an emergency source of electrical...

46 CFR 28.375 - Emergency source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Requirements for Vessels Which Have Their Keel Laid or Are at a Similar... systems; (3) Bilge pumps; (4) Fire protection and detection systems, including fire pumps; (5... (11.0 meters) in length need only supply communication equipment by an emergency source of electrical...

46 CFR 28.375 - Emergency source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Requirements for Vessels Which Have Their Keel Laid or Are at a Similar... systems; (3) Bilge pumps; (4) Fire protection and detection systems, including fire pumps; (5... (11.0 meters) in length need only supply communication equipment by an emergency source of electrical...

46 CFR 28.375 - Emergency source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY VESSELS Requirements for Vessels Which Have Their Keel Laid or Are at a Similar... systems; (3) Bilge pumps; (4) Fire protection and detection systems, including fire pumps; (5... (11.0 meters) in length need only supply communication equipment by an emergency source of electrical...

14 CFR 23.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Protection § 23.1197 Fire extinguishing agents. For all airplanes with engine(s) embedded in the fuselage or... extinguishing system; and (2) Have thermal stability over the temperature range likely to be experienced in the... personnel compartment, even though a defect may exist in the extinguishing system. This must be shown by...

14 CFR 23.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Protection § 23.1197 Fire extinguishing agents. For all airplanes with engine(s) embedded in the fuselage or... extinguishing system; and (2) Have thermal stability over the temperature range likely to be experienced in the... personnel compartment, even though a defect may exist in the extinguishing system. This must be shown by...

29 CFR 1926.150 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fire protection. 1926.150 Section 1926.150 Labor... (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Fire Protection and Prevention § 1926.150 Fire protection. (a) General requirements. (1) The employer shall be responsible for the development of a fire...

Fire Protection for Munitions in Underground Storage Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-01

ESFR ) K-25, 165 F (74 C) sprinkler heads, manufactured by Tyco, to provide a discharge density of 0.6 gpm/ft2 (24.4 lpm/m2). The system consisted of...extinguish the fire before adjacent stacks were impacted. Results showed that ESFR K-25 pendant sprinkler heads will operate and inhibit fire spread

46 CFR 27.209 - What are the requirements for training crews to respond to fires?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the engine room and effectively seal all natural openings to the space to prevent leakage of the.... (3) Reporting inoperative alarm systems and fire-detection systems. (4) Putting on a fireman's outfit...) Testing of all alarm and detection systems; and (4) Putting on protective clothing (by at least one person...

Reduction and mitigation of thermal injuries: what can be done?

PubMed

Voisine, J J; Albano, J P

1996-01-01

Soon after the introduction of the crashworthy fuel system and Nomex flight apparel, morbidity and mortality rates from thermal injuries in aviation were reduced to zero. Although the incidence of aircraft mishaps involving postcrash fires have remained the same, there has been a recent increase in thermal injury morbidity. These case reports describe three different aircraft accidents in which fire was caused by factors other than the crashworthy fuel system. They also describe sustained thermal injuries and compare them to personal protection equipment. We found that the condition of the personal protective equipment and unauthorized use of unapproved apparel were responsible for the sustained injuries. We maintain that personal protection equipment is effective if worn in the manner for which it was designed. We believe that the lessons learned apply to all military operations where the risk of fire is high, not solely aviation. A proactive program focused on education would reduce the thermal injury morbidity.

46 CFR 34.17-25 - Additional protection required-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Fixed Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 34.17-25 Additional protection required—T/ALL. (a) In order that any residual fires above the floor plates may be extinguished when a foam system is installed for...

46 CFR 34.17-25 - Additional protection required-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Fixed Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 34.17-25 Additional protection required—T/ALL. (a) In order that any residual fires above the floor plates may be extinguished when a foam system is installed for...

46 CFR 161.002-4 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... protected spaces. To meet this end, the basic requirements of the fire-protective systems are reliability... systems. (3) All parts of the system must pass the environmental tests for control and monitoring... tests of Lloyd's Register Type Approval System, Test Specification Number 1, as appropriate. (4) Those...

Fire investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomberg, A.

There was considerable progress made on several fronts of fire investigation in the United States in recent years. Progress was made in increasing the quantity of fire investigation and reporting, through efforts to develop the National Fire Incident Reporting System. Improving overall quality of fire investigation is the objective of efforts such as the Fire Investigation Handbook, which was developed and published by the National Bureau of Standards, and the upgrading and expanding of the ""dictionary'' of fire investigation and reporting, the NFPA 901, Uniform Coding for Fire Protection, system. The science of fire investigation as furthered also by new approaches to post fire interviews being developed at the University of Washington, and by in-depth research into factors involved in several large loss fires, including the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas. Finally, the use of special study fire investigations - in-depth investigations concentrating on specific fire problems - is producing new glimpses into the nature of the national fire problem. A brief description of the status of efforts in each of these areas is discussed.

Use of treated woods in roof assembly.

PubMed

Edlich, Richard F; Winters, Kathryne L; Long, William B; Gubler, K Dean; Britt, L D

2005-01-01

On February 12, 2002, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a voluntary decision by industry to move consumer use of treated lumber products away from a variety of pressure-treated wood that contains Arsenate (As) by December 31, 2003, in favor of new alternative wood preservatives. It is the purpose of this report to outline legislative efforts to ban the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood for residential roofing in the State of Oregon. At the time that the legislation was introduced, it was coincidental that the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) recommended that CCA-treated wood should not be used in residential roofing. A summary of the report is included in this review. Finally, we discuss some of the potentially harmful environmental hazards of wood preservatives on the environment. In addition to the toxicity of pressure-treated wood on our environment, we point out that wood as well as pressure-treated wood assemblies are highly flammable. Consequently, we recommend the use of residential roofing systems that have Class A fire protection for the homeowner. Because residential roof fires remain a life-threatening danger to residential homeowners in the United States, we describe a national fire prevention program for reducing residential roof fires by use of an Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) and National Fire Protection Association Class A fire-rated roof system.

46 CFR 28.330 - Galley hood and other fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Stage of Construction on or After or Which Undergo a Major Conversion Completed on or After September 15... pre-engineered dry or wet chemical fire extinguishing system meeting the applicable sections of NFPA...

Archeological treasures protection based on early forest wildfire multi-band imaging detection system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gouverneur, B.; Verstockt, S.; Pauwels, E.; Han, J.; de Zeeuw, P. M.; Vermeiren, J.

2012-10-01

Various visible and infrared cameras have been tested for the early detection of wildfires to protect archeological treasures. This analysis was possible thanks to the EU Firesense project (FP7-244088). Although visible cameras are low cost and give good results during daytime for smoke detection, they fall short under bad visibility conditions. In order to improve the fire detection probability and reduce the false alarms, several infrared bands are tested ranging from the NIR to the LWIR. The SWIR and the LWIR band are helpful to locate the fire through smoke if there is a direct Line Of Sight. The Emphasis is also put on the physical and the electro-optical system modeling for forest fire detection at short and longer ranges. The fusion in three bands (Visible, SWIR, LWIR) is discussed at the pixel level for image enhancement and for fire detection.

78 FR 45573 - Compensatory and Alternative Regulatory Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

... Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN-FIRE) AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of... Nuclear Power Plant Fire Protection (CARMEN-FIRE), Draft Report for Comment.'' DATES: Comments on this... CONTACT: Felix Gonzalez, Fire Research Branch, Division of Risk Analysis, Office of Nuclear Regulatory...

Aircraft fire safety research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Botteri, Benito P.

1987-01-01

During the past 15 years, very significant progress has been made toward enhancing aircraft fire safety in both normal and hostile (combat) operational environments. Most of the major aspects of the aircraft fire safety problem are touched upon here. The technology of aircraft fire protection, although not directly applicable in all cases to spacecraft fire scenarios, nevertheless does provide a solid foundation to build upon. This is particularly true of the extensive research and testing pertaining to aircraft interior fire safety and to onboard inert gas generation systems, both of which are still active areas of investigation.

30 CFR 75.1107-4 - Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators; installation; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., there shall be in addition, a manual actuator installed to operate the system. Where sprinklers are used... “Local Protective Signaling Systems” (NFPA No. 72A-1967). (c) On unattended equipment the fire... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators...

30 CFR 75.1107-4 - Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators; installation; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., there shall be in addition, a manual actuator installed to operate the system. Where sprinklers are used... “Local Protective Signaling Systems” (NFPA No. 72A-1967). (c) On unattended equipment the fire... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators...

30 CFR 75.1107-4 - Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators; installation; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., there shall be in addition, a manual actuator installed to operate the system. Where sprinklers are used... “Local Protective Signaling Systems” (NFPA No. 72A-1967). (c) On unattended equipment the fire... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators...

30 CFR 75.1107-4 - Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators; installation; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., there shall be in addition, a manual actuator installed to operate the system. Where sprinklers are used... “Local Protective Signaling Systems” (NFPA No. 72A-1967). (c) On unattended equipment the fire... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Automatic fire sensors and manual actuators...

30 CFR 75.1103-10 - Fire suppression systems; additional requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements. 75.1103-10 Section 75.1103-10 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... Protection § 75.1103-10 Fire suppression systems; additional requirements. For each conveyor belt flight... per minute, an additional cache of the materials specified in § 75.1103-9(a)(1), (2), and (3) shall be...

29 CFR 1910.163 - Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fixed extinguishing systems, water spray and foam. 1910.163 Section 1910.163 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Fire Protection Fixed Fire Suppression Equipment § 1910.163 Fixed...

30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

30 CFR 75.1101-6 - Water sprinkler systems; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Water sprinkler systems; general. 75.1101-6... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-6 Water sprinkler systems; general. Water sprinkler systems may be installed to protect main and secondary belt...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - National Consensus Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 12A—Halon 1301 Extinguishing Systems. NFPA No. 13—Water Sprinkler.... § 57.4261 NFPA No. 14—Standpipe and Hose Systems. § 57.4533 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. § 57.4560... Fire Prevention and Control Pt. 57, Subpt. C., App. I Appendix I to Subpart C of Part 57—National...

76 FR 40777 - Interim Enforcement Policy for Certain Fire Protection Issues

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-12

... Certain Fire Protection Issues AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Policy statement; revision... Enforcement Policy on enforcement discretion for certain fire protection issues to extend the enforcement... policy affects licensees that are transitioning to use the National Fire Protection Association Standard...

Fire-danger rating in the future.

Treesearch

James E. Hefner

1967-01-01

The forest resources of this country must be protected from wildfire. Protection does not eliminate fire but does reduce loss from fire. In recent years, more acres have been burned on the unprotected 3 percent of forest land than on the 97 percent under organized fire protection. Protection from fire has saved more than 100 million acres per year. This figure is based...

Aircraft Survivability: An Overview of Aircraft Fire Protection, Spring 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

function, liquid spray ignition, fire initiation, and fire growth and sustainment. For impacts with the tank ullage, the FPM describes the... spray fires are simulated using a two-phase flow model that describes both the droplet lifetime history and the gas phase. In addition to...vulnerability in a fuel tank is through the injection of nitrogen by Onboard Inerting Gas Generation Systems (OBIGGS). Recent research by the FAA has shown

14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

14 CFR 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 25.859....859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... surrounds the combustion chamber. However, no fire extinguishment is required in cabin ventilating air...

Cost-benefit analysis of passive fire protections in road LPG transportation.

PubMed

Paltrinieri, Nicola; Bonvicini, Sarah; Spadoni, Gigliola; Cozzani, Valerio

2012-02-01

The cost-benefit evaluation of passive fire protection adoption in the road transport of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was investigated. In a previous study, mathematical simulations of real scale fire scenarios proved the effectiveness of passive fire protections in preventing the "fired" boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), thus providing a significant risk reduction. In the present study the economical aspects of the adoption of fire protections are analyzed and an approach to cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is proposed. The CBA model is based on the comparison of the risk reduction due to fire protections (expressed in monetary terms by the value of a statistical life) and the cost of the application of fire protections to a fleet of tankers. Different types of fire protections were considered, as well as the possibility to apply protections to the entire fleet or only to a part of it. The application of the proposed model to a real-life case study is presented and discussed. Results demonstrate that the adoption of passive fire protections on road tankers, though not compulsory in Europe, can be economically feasible, thus representing a concrete measure to achieve control of the "major hazard accidents" cited by the European legislation. © 2011 Society for Risk Analysis.

46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (7) Inspection and testing of smoke and fire detecting systems (including sensors and alarms) and... Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge operated) Examine pressure cartridge and replace if end... clear. Insert charged cartridge. Ensure dry chemical is free flowing, not caked, and extinguisher...

46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... (7) Inspection and testing of smoke and fire detecting systems (including sensors and alarms) and... Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge operated) Examine pressure cartridge and replace if end... clear. Insert charged cartridge. Ensure dry chemical is free flowing, not caked, and extinguisher...

46 CFR 115.810 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... (7) Inspection and testing of smoke and fire detecting systems (including sensors and alarms) and... Coast Guard inspector. Dry chemical (cartridge operated) Examine pressure cartridge and replace if end... clear. Insert charged cartridge. Ensure dry chemical is free flowing, not caked, and extinguisher...

14 CFR 29.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... hydraulic system must be designed to withstand pressures sufficiently greater than those prescribed in... system. (c) Fire protection. Each hydraulic system using flammable hydraulic fluid must meet the...

14 CFR 29.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... hydraulic system must be designed to withstand pressures sufficiently greater than those prescribed in... system. (c) Fire protection. Each hydraulic system using flammable hydraulic fluid must meet the...

14 CFR 29.1435 - Hydraulic systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... hydraulic system must be designed to withstand pressures sufficiently greater than those prescribed in... system. (c) Fire protection. Each hydraulic system using flammable hydraulic fluid must meet the...

33 CFR 126.5 - Incorporation by reference: Where can I get a copy of the publications mentioned in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for Marine Fire Applications, (approved March 1, 2010) 126.15 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), One Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101: NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 1998 Edition 126.15 NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1996 Edition 126...

33 CFR 126.5 - Incorporation by reference: Where can I get a copy of the publications mentioned in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... for Marine Fire Applications, (approved March 1, 2010) 126.15 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), One Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101: NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 1998 Edition 126.15 NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1996 Edition 126...

Fire performance, microstructure and thermal degradation of an epoxy based nano intumescent fire retardant coating for structural applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aziz, Hammad, E-mail: engr.hammad.aziz03@gmail.com; Ahmad, Faiz, E-mail: faizahmad@petronas.com.my; Yusoff, P. S. M. Megat

Intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) is a passive fire protection system which swells upon heating to form expanded multi-cellular char layer that protects the substrate from fire. In this research work, IFRC’s were developed using different flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate, expandable graphite, melamine and boric acid. These flame retardants were bound together with the help of epoxy binder and cured together using curing agent. IFRC was then reinforced with nano magnesium oxide and nano alumina as inorganic fillers to study their effect towards fire performance, microstructure and thermal degradation. Small scale fire test was conducted to investigate themore » thermal insulation of coating whereas fire performance was calculated using thermal margin value. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of char obtained after fire test. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to investigate the residual weight of coating. Results showed that the performance of the coating was enhanced by reinforcement with nano size fillers as compared to non-filler based coating. Comparing both nano size magnesium oxide and nano size alumina; nano size alumina gave better fire performance with improved microstructure of char and high residual weight.« less

Fire performance, microstructure and thermal degradation of an epoxy based nano intumescent fire retardant coating for structural applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aziz, Hammad; Ahmad, Faiz; Yusoff, P. S. M. Megat; Zia-ul-Mustafa, M.

2015-07-01

Intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) is a passive fire protection system which swells upon heating to form expanded multi-cellular char layer that protects the substrate from fire. In this research work, IFRC's were developed using different flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate, expandable graphite, melamine and boric acid. These flame retardants were bound together with the help of epoxy binder and cured together using curing agent. IFRC was then reinforced with nano magnesium oxide and nano alumina as inorganic fillers to study their effect towards fire performance, microstructure and thermal degradation. Small scale fire test was conducted to investigate the thermal insulation of coating whereas fire performance was calculated using thermal margin value. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of char obtained after fire test. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to investigate the residual weight of coating. Results showed that the performance of the coating was enhanced by reinforcement with nano size fillers as compared to non-filler based coating. Comparing both nano size magnesium oxide and nano size alumina; nano size alumina gave better fire performance with improved microstructure of char and high residual weight.

46 CFR 72.05-40 - Insulation, other than for structural fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Structural Fire Protection § 72.05-40 Insulation, other than for structural fire protection. (a) Any insulation installed for heat and comfort, refrigeration (including air... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Insulation, other than for structural fire protection...

46 CFR 72.05-40 - Insulation, other than for structural fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Structural Fire Protection § 72.05-40 Insulation, other than for structural fire protection. (a) Any insulation installed for heat and comfort, refrigeration (including air... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Insulation, other than for structural fire protection...

46 CFR 72.05-40 - Insulation, other than for structural fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Structural Fire Protection § 72.05-40 Insulation, other than for structural fire protection. (a) Any insulation installed for heat and comfort, refrigeration (including air... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Insulation, other than for structural fire protection...

46 CFR 72.05-40 - Insulation, other than for structural fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Structural Fire Protection § 72.05-40 Insulation, other than for structural fire protection. (a) Any insulation installed for heat and comfort, refrigeration (including air... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Insulation, other than for structural fire protection...

46 CFR 72.05-40 - Insulation, other than for structural fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... VESSELS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Structural Fire Protection § 72.05-40 Insulation, other than for structural fire protection. (a) Any insulation installed for heat and comfort, refrigeration (including air... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Insulation, other than for structural fire protection...

41 CFR 102-80.135 - Who is a qualified fire protection engineer?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... protection engineer? 102-80.135 Section 102-80.135 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... qualified fire protection engineer? A qualified fire protection engineer is defined as an individual with a thorough knowledge and understanding of the principles of physics and chemistry governing fire growth...

14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of...

14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of...

14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of...

14 CFR 23.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flammable fluid fire protection. 23.863... Construction Fire Protection § 23.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. (a) In each area where flammable fluids... fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing agents. (5) Ability of...

76 FR 70413 - National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): Request for Comments on NFPA's Codes and Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-14

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology National Fire Protection... (NIST) is publishing this notice on behalf of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to..., (301) 975-4019. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Since 1896, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA...

46 CFR 176.810 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire protection. 176.810 Section 176.810 Shipping COAST...) INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Material Inspections § 176.810 Fire protection. (a) At each initial and... and have the vessel ready for inspection of its fire protection equipment, including the following: (1...

46 CFR 194.20-7 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire protection. 194.20-7 Section 194.20-7 Shipping... Fire protection. (a) Each chemical storeroom shall be protected by a fixed automatic carbon dioxide... fire extinguishers are required in accordance with Table 193.50-10(a) of this subchapter. ...

2007 Joint Services Small Arms Systems Annual Symposium, Exhibition and Firing Demonstration

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-10

CAN Chairman Combat Clothing Individual Equipment & Protection Henk Reulink – NLD Chairman Dan Fitzgerald – USA Deputy C4I & Systems Architecture Rune ...Chairman Combat Clothing Individual Equipment & Protection Henk Reulink – NLD Chairman Dan Fitzgerald – USA Deputy C4I & Systems Architecture Rune

14 CFR 33.17 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire protection. 33.17 Section 33.17... STANDARDS: AIRCRAFT ENGINES Design and Construction; General § 33.17 Fire protection. (a) The design and... fire during normal operation and failure conditions, and must minimize the effect of such a fire. In...

Behavior of Insulated Carbon-FRP-Strengthened RC Beams Exposed to Fire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sayin, B.

2014-09-01

There are two main approaches to improving the fire resistance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems. While the most common method is to protect or insulate the FRP system, an other way is to use fibers and resins with a better fire performance. This paper presents a numerical investigation into the five protection behavior of insulated carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP)-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The effects of external loading and thermal expansion of materials at elevated temperatures are taken into consideration in a finite-element model. The validity of the numerical model is demonstrated with results from an existing experimental study on insulated CFRP-strengthened RC beams. Conclusions of this investigation are employed to predict the structural behavior of CFRP-strengthened concrete structures.

Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) Design: Fire Protection Engineering for Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-08-20

following provisions: • Ceiling sprinkler design area must be increased by 10 percent. ESFR sprinklers must increase the required number to be...Control System ESFR Early Suppression Fast-Response Sprinklers ETL Engineering Technical Letters FAAA Fire Administration Authorization Act FM

46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

46 CFR 116.439 - Balconies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... connected by the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting NFPA 13. (e) If the... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.439...

14 CFR 25.865 - Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Design and Construction Fire Protection § 25.865 Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure. Essential flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structures located in... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire protection of flight controls, engine...

14 CFR 25.865 - Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Design and Construction Fire Protection § 25.865 Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure. Essential flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structures located in... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire protection of flight controls, engine...

14 CFR 25.865 - Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Design and Construction Fire Protection § 25.865 Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure. Essential flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structures located in... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire protection of flight controls, engine...

14 CFR 25.865 - Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Design and Construction Fire Protection § 25.865 Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure. Essential flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structures located in... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire protection of flight controls, engine...

14 CFR 25.865 - Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Design and Construction Fire Protection § 25.865 Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure. Essential flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structures located in... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire protection of flight controls, engine...

Mammalian Toxicology Testing: Problem Definition Study, Global Army Toxicology Requirements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

Electronic Warfare Equipment (D251) Tactical ECK System (64750A) Protective Electronic Warfare Equipment (D540) High Energy Electromagnetic Radiation...Fighting Portable Weapon (for IFV) Smoke Grenade Launcher Staff Smart, Target-Activated Fire-and-Forget Tactical ECK System (63755A) Protective Electronic...Warfare Equipment (D251) Tactical ECK System (64750A) Protective Electronic Warfare Equipment (D540) High Energy Electromagnetic Radiation Weapons (e.g

PYRONES: pyro-modeling and evacuation simulation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanellos, Tassos; Doulgerakis, Adam; Georgiou, Eftichia; Kountouriotis, Vassilios I.; Paterakis, Manolis; Thomopoulos, Stelios C. A.; Pappou, Theodora; Vrahliotis, Socrates I.; Rekouniotis, Thrasos; Protopsaltis, Byron; Rozenberg, Ofir; Livneh, Ofer

2016-05-01

Structural fires continue to pose a great threat towards human life and property. Due to the complexity and non-deterministic characteristics of a building fire disaster, it is not a straightforward task to assess the effectiveness of fire protection measures embedded in the building design, planned evacuation strategies and potential modes of response for mitigating the fire's consequences. Additionally, there is a lack of means that realistically and accurately recreate the conditions of building fire disasters for the purpose of training personnel in order to be sufficiently prepared when vis-a-vis with such an environment. The propagation of fire within a building, the diffusion of its volatile products, the behavior of the occupants and the sustained injuries not only exhibit non-linear behaviors as individual phenomena, but are also intertwined in a web of co-dependencies. The PYRONES system has been developed to address all these aspects through a comprehensive approach that relies on accurate and realistic computer simulations of the individual phenomena and their interactions. PYRONES offers innovative tools and services to strategically targeted niches in two market domains. In the domain of building design and engineering, PYRONES is seamlessly integrated within existing engineering Building Information Modelling (BIM) workflows and serves as a building performance assessment platform, able to evaluate fire protection systems. On another front, PYRONES penetrates the building security management market, serving as a holistic training platform for specialists in evacuation strategy planning, firefighters and first responders, both at a Command and Control and at an individual trainee level.

Emergency Response Capability Baseline Needs Assessment - Compliance Assessment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sharry, John A.

This document was prepared by John A. Sharry, LLNL Fire Marshal and Division Leader for Fire Protection and was reviewed by LLNL Emergency Management Department Head, James Colson. This document is the second of a two-part analysis on Emergency Response Capabilities of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The first part, 2016 Baseline Needs Assessment Requirements Document established the minimum performance criteria necessary to meet mandatory requirements. This second part analyses the performance of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Emergency Management Department to the contents of the Requirements Document. The document was prepared based on an extensive review of information contained in the 2016more » BNA, a review of Emergency Planning Hazards Assessments, a review of building construction, occupancy, fire protection features, dispatch records, LLNL alarm system records, fire department training records, and fire department policies and procedures. The 2013 BNA was approved by NNSA’s Livermore Field Office on January 22, 2014.« less

Prevention of residential roof fires by use of a class "A" fire rated roof system.

PubMed

Edlich, Richard F; Winters, Kathryne L; Long, William B; Britt, L D

2004-01-01

Because residential roof fires remain a life-threatening danger to residential homeowners in the United States, we describe in detail a national fire prevention program for reducing residential roof fires by use of an Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) and National Fire Protection Association Class A fire rated roof system. This Class A system should comply with the test requirements for fire resistance of roof coverings, as outlined in UL 790 or in ASTM International (ASTM) E-108. Both the Asphalt Roofing Manufacturer's Association (ARMA) and the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) have set up guidelines for selecting a new roof for the homeowner. Class A, fiber-glass-based asphalt roofing shingles represent an overwhelming share of the United States residential roofing market, and, as such, the Class A rated roofing system remains an excellent alternative to wood shingles and shakes. Fortunately, the Class A fire rating is available for certain wood shingle products that incorporate a factory-applied, fire resistant treatment. However, in this circumstance, wood products labeled as Class B shakes or shingles must be installed over spaced or solid sheathing that have been covered either with one layer of 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) thick noncombustible roof board, or with one layer of minimum 72-lb. fiber-glass-based mineral surfaced cap sheet, or with another specialty roofing sheet to obtain the Class A fire rating. Clay, tile, slate, and metal have been assigned Class A fire ratings in the codes (but often without testing). These alternative roofing materials are often considerably more expensive. Proper application, ventilation, and insulation of roofing systems are required to prevent heat and moisture buildup in the attic, which can damage the roofing system, making it more susceptible to water leakage as well as ignition in the event of a fire. The NRCA has devised excellent recommendations for the homeowner to prequalify the contractor. In addition, a warranty for any new roofing material is important for the homeowner to ensure that the roofing can be repaired by the contractor or manufacturer during the specified warranty period, in case of contractor error or a manufacturing defect. In addition, the homeowner should ensure that the warranty is transferable to any future owner of the home to allow the buyer to have the same warranty benefits as the original owner. The State of California has mandated strict roofing requirements to prevent residential fires. In the absence of this legislation in other states, the homeowner must follow the guidelines outlined in this collective review to ensure that a roofing system with Class A fire protection is installed. Other fire safety precautions that should also be considered mandatory are to include smoke alarms, escape plans, and retrofit fire sprinklers.

30 CFR 57.4261 - Shaft-station waterlines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....4261 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention... located at underground shaft stations and are part of the mine's fire protection system shall have at...

75 FR 13646 - Public Meeting With Interested Persons To Discuss the Proposed AC 20-42D, Hand Fire Extinguishers...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-22

... Systems Fire Protection Working Group (IASFPWG) to draft a revision to the current AC 20-42C, issued on... approved replacement agents for Halon 1211 and establishes an FAA approved minimum performance standard...

75 FR 2481 - Sunshine Act; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-15

... installation and commissioning of a new gas-fired industrial water heater, manufactured by Energy Systems... its investigation into a natural gas explosion that occurred at the ConAgra production facility in... consider urgent recommendations to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the American Gas...

Fire Protection Specialist, Blocks I, II, & III, 17-2. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This military-developed text contains the first three blocks of a five-block course for use in training fire protection specialists. Covered in the individual volumes are the following topics: fire protection objectives and responsibilities (fire protection and occupational safety, extinguishing agents, principles and theory of combustion, natural…

Using the forest, people, fire agent-based social network model to investigate interactions in social-ecological systems

Treesearch

Paige Fischer; Adam Korejwa; Jennifer Koch; Thomas Spies; Christine Olsen; Eric White; Derric Jacobs

2013-01-01

Wildfire links social and ecological systems in dry-forest landscapes of the United States. The management of these landscapes, however, is bifurcated by two institutional cultures that have different sets of beliefs about wildfire, motivations for managing wildfire risk, and approaches to administering policy. Fire protection, preparedness, and response agencies often...

Forest Fire Occurrence in Southern Counties, 1966-1975

Treesearch

M.L. Doolittle

1977-01-01

Forest fire occurrence data for individual protection units generally are unavailable outside particular state organization. Number of fires, area protected and fire occurrence rate (fires per 1,000,000 acres) from 1966 to 1975, are presented in tables for the 993 counties under protection in 13 southern states. These data are compared with data for the preceeding...

46 CFR 181.410 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the storage cylinders. (iii) A small independent system... and the first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for a period of 10 minutes... protect the piping from over-pressurization. (3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant. (4) When...

46 CFR 181.410 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the storage cylinders. (iii) A small independent system... and the first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for a period of 10 minutes... protect the piping from over-pressurization. (3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant. (4) When...

46 CFR 181.410 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the storage cylinders. (iii) A small independent system... and the first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for a period of 10 minutes... protect the piping from over-pressurization. (3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant. (4) When...

Nano-silica as the go material on heat resistant tunnel lining

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omar, Faizah; Osman, S. A.; Mutalib, A.

2018-04-01

This paper is concerned with passive fire protection method of protective concrete mix that is made up of fly ash, polypropylene fibre, and nano-silica. Nano-silica is focused on as the innovative material to be used in the composition of the protective concrete mix. The previous experimental studies which analyse the performance of passive fire protection on tunnels are discussed. This paper also discusses passive fire protection. The fire protection materials and behaviour analyses of tunnel structure are also presented. At the end of the paper, the recommendation of the optimum composition concrete material with fly ash, polypropylene fibre and nano-silica as tunnel lining fire protective materials is proposed.

Maintenance Facilities for Ammunition, Explosives, and Toxics. Design Manual 28.3.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

LOADING DOCK RAMP PROTECTION 28.3-2 8. FIRE PROTECTION 28.3-2 9. SECURITY 28.3-2 10. SAFETY 28.3-2 Section 2. GENERAL AMMUNITION MAINTENANCE SHOPS 28.3...protection in accordance with Section 3 1910.23c, Occupatioual Safety and Health Act Standards Manual. 5 8. FIRE PROTECTION. Fire protection for all...Volume 1, and Fire Protection Engineering, NAVFAC DM-8. 9. SECURITY. Maintenance facilities for ammunition, explosives, and I toxics shall be located so

Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Maintenance Facility Modification Handbook

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, Kay L.; Ramsden, Margo M.; Gonzales, John E.

To ensure the safety of personnel and facilities, vehicle maintenance facilities are required by law and by guidelines of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the International Fire Code (IFC) to exhibit certain design features. They are also required to be fitted with certain fire protection equipment and devices because of the potential for fire or explosion in the event of fuel leakage or spills. All fuels have an explosion or fire potential if specific conditions are present. The hazard presented by liquid fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, results from the spillage of these liquids and subsequent ignitionmore » of vapors, causing a fire or explosion. Facilities that maintain liquid-fueled vehicles and implement appropriate safety measures are protected with ventilation systems designed to capture liquid fuel vapors at or near floor level. To minimize the potential for ignition in the event of a spill, receptacles, electrical fixtures, and hot-work operations, such as welding, are located outside of these areas. Compressed natural gas (CNG) is composed of methane with slight amounts of heavier simple hydrocarbons. Maintenance facilities that maintain CNG vehicles indoors must be protected against fire and explosion. However, the means of ensuring safety are different from those employed for liquid fuels because of the gaseous nature of methane and the fact that it is lighter than air. Because CNG is lighter than air, a release will rise to the ceiling of the maintenance facility and quickly dissipate rather than remaining at or near floor level like liquid fuel vapors. Although some of the means of protection for CNG vehicle maintenance facilities are similar to those used for liquid-fueled vehicles (ventilation and elimination of ignition sources), the types and placement of the protection equipment are different because of the behavior of the different fuels. The nature of gaseous methane may also require additional safeguards, such as combustible gas detectors and control systems, or specialized space heating, which are not needed in facilities servicing liquid-fuel vehicles. This handbook covers maintenance facilities that service CNG-fueled vehicles. Although similar requirements are mandated for liquefied natural gas (LNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fueled vehicles, LNG and LPG are not covered in this handbook.« less

40 CFR Appendix T to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the April 29, 2013 Final Rule, effective May 29, 2013.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or destroyed. 4—EPA... equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training or any...

40 CFR Appendix T to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the April 29, 2013 Final Rule, effective May 29, 2013.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or destroyed. 4—EPA... equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training or any...

Protection and Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School Board Journal, 1964

1964-01-01

Several aspects of school safety and protection are presented for school administrators and architects. Among those topics discussed are--(1) life safety, (2) vandalism controlled through proper design, (3) personal protective devices, and (4) fire alarm systems. Another critical factor in providing a complete school safety program is proper…

40 CFR 280.20 - Performance standards for new UST systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and standards may be used to comply with paragraph (b)(2) of this section: (A) National Fire... Fire Protection Association Standard 30, “Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code”; and National... recognized association or independent testing laboratory as specified below: (1) The tank is constructed of...

40 CFR 280.20 - Performance standards for new UST systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and standards may be used to comply with paragraph (b)(2) of this section: (A) National Fire... Fire Protection Association Standard 30, “Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code”; and National... recognized association or independent testing laboratory as specified below: (1) The tank is constructed of...

40 CFR 280.20 - Performance standards for new UST systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and standards may be used to comply with paragraph (b)(2) of this section: (A) National Fire... Fire Protection Association Standard 30, “Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code”; and National... recognized association or independent testing laboratory as specified below: (1) The tank is constructed of...

46 CFR 193.10-1 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Application. 193.10-1 Section 193.10-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System, Details § 193.10-1 Application. (a) The provisions of this subpart, with the...

RISICO: A decision support system (DSS) for dynamic wildfire risk evaluation in Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Andrea, Mirko; Fiorucci, Paolo; Gaetani, Francesco; Negro, Dario

2010-05-01

The system RISICO provides Italian Civil Protection Department (DPC) with daily wildland fire risk forecast maps relevant to the whole national territory since 2003. RISICO support the activities relating to Italian national forest fires warning system and National fires fighting air fleet. The RISICO system has a complex software architecture based on a framework able to manage geospatial data as well as time dependent information (e.g, Numerical Weather Prediction, real time meteorological observations, and satellite data). Within the system semi-physical models, able to simulate in space and time the variability of the fuel moisture content, are implemented. This parameter represents the main variable related with the ignition of a fire. Based on this information and introducing information on topography and wind field the model provides the rate of spread and the linear intensity of a potential fire generated by accidental or deliberate ignition. The model takes into account the vegetation patterns, in terms of fuel load and flammability. It needs territorial and meteorological data. Territorial data used by the system are vegetation cover and topography. Meteorological data are mainly represented by Numerical Weather Prediction (Limited Area model). Meteorological data provided in real time by a meteorological network are also used by the model as well as satellite data (e.g., vegetation index, snow cover). The output information are provided on a web-gis based system according with the OGC-INSPIRE standard. In 2007 the system has been improved introducing some changes both in the model structure and its functionality. Spatial resolution is increased up to 100m in the implementation at regional level. The fine fuel moisture model has been changed, introducing the FFMC of the CFFDRS with some slightly differences. In addition, a different nominal rate of spread (no-wind on flat terrain) has been introduced for each different class of vegetation. The operational chain of the RISICO system is considerably changed. In the first release the system run daily making use of observations only to define the initial state of the dead fine fuel moisture content. The new version of the system is able to run each 3-h making use of observations at each time step. In order to validate the RISICO system, the information obtained from the analysis of really occurred fires has been compared with the information generated by RISICO system. In particular, a data set of more than 11000 wildland fires occurred in Italy between 01/01/2007 and 31/12/2008 has been considered in the validation procedure. The performance indexes selected in order to measure the system effectiveness are relevant to the capability of identifying the correct danger classes with reference to the extension and duration of the fire. In this connection, a comparison between the performance obtained by the new release of the RISICO system and the previous one has been carried out highlighting separately the improvement given by the higher resolution, the model structure and the operational chain. The system RISICO is able to integrate the main Fire Hazard Indexes present in the literature providing a suitable tool for testing the different indexes on the same platform in different environmental and climatic conditions. Risico represents an operational approach to forest fires management both during the prevention and fire fighting phases. The prevention phase represents the main goal for the DPC. Prevention starts with a daily bulletin issue. The bulletin is based on RISICO data, forecast, meteorological data and other observed data such as active fires. The bulletin is dispatched to all operative bodies employed both in fire fighting and civil protection activities. During the fire fighting activities Risico support decision maker to define the best strategies. The objective of the paper is to promote the use of Fire Hazard Forecast as operational tool in fire risk prevention and management and to provide know-how for standardisation of the fire hazard "mapping" or "alert" systems in Europe. This work was funded by the Italian Civil Protection.

29 CFR Appendix A to Subpart L of... - Fire Protection

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the International Fire Service Training Association, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA-1041), the International Society of Fire Service Instructors and other fire training sources be... planning, and safety practices. It is again suggested that fire service training sources be consulted for...

78 FR 58967 - Airworthiness Directives; ATR-GIE Avions de Transport Régional Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-25

... extinction and allow fire propagation out of the nacelle fire protected area, resulting in damage to the... efficiency, delay the fire extinction and allow fire propagation out of the nacelle fire protected area... the decrease of the fire extinguishing agent efficiency, which could delay fire extinction and allow...

Project FIRES [Firefighters' Integrated Response Equipment System]. Volume 2: Protective Ensemble Performance Standards, Phase 1B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abeles, F. J.

1980-01-01

The design of the prototype protective ensemble was finalized. Prototype ensembles were fabricated and then subjected to a series of qualification tests which were based upon the protective ensemble performance standards PEPS requirements. Engineering drawings and purchase specifications were prepared for the new protective ensemble.

Stochastic representation of fire behavior in a wildland fire protection planning model for California.

Treesearch

J. Keith Gilless; Jeremy S. Fried

1998-01-01

A fire behavior module was developed for the California Fire Economics Simulator version 2 (CFES2), a stochastic simulation model of initial attack on wildland fire used by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Fire rate of spread (ROS) and fire dispatch level (FDL) for simulated fires "occurring" on the same day are determined by making...

Fire Protection of Weapon Storage and Water Mist Redundancy Philosophies

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

criteria me system ged system ozzles dummy tor d, insulated titute of Swe stems pedo pipe Date 2012 den Refere -03-31 P90 nce 0038-04...test wit tion test wit ution test wi t system, 10 st system, 5 m, 5 bar, 50 , 10 bar, 50 ummy, free- edo dummy pedo dummy pedo dummy ummy, dren...systems usi lower volum pedo dumm temperature discharge d ion. h Institute ynamics dström Date 2012 den ater mist/wa ests indicate fire

Passive fire protection in high density village (case study, Bustaman Semarang)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sukawi, Sukawi; Wahyu Firmandhani, Satriya; Hardiman, Gagoek

2017-12-01

Fire hazard is the disaster that always has an unpredictable process of coming. When it comes, its level scope and the magnitude of the effects cannot be predicted. Dense settlements especially in big cities, among others Bustaman Kampong Semarang never escape from physical problems such as flooding and wildfire. If both are compared in dense settlements scope, so that, wild fire is the most potentially catastrophic. It is necessary to do a research on passive fire protection in a village of high density city such as Bustaman. Qualitative research was conducted using descriptive method to conduct observations and interviews in the Bustaman. Bustaman as a high density village, with narrow roads and dense rows of houses. The terraced buildings are also encountered, and found many buildings use combustible material. That environmental conditions can facilitate the propagation of flames in case of fire. To improve the established Bustaman's environment, in terms of the application of passive fire protection systems, it is recommended to utilize the road as the dividing buildings. Need to build the separation wall fireproof in every each series in several units of too long buildings and attempted open space procurement that separates rows of buildings that are too long, and also the replacement of combustible material with a material that is more incombustible.

76 FR 29011 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Fire...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-19

... for OMB Review; Comment Request; Fire Protection in Shipyard Employment ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The... information collection request (ICR) titled, ``Fire Protection in Shipyard Employment,'' to the Office of... Fire Protection in Shipyard Employment Standard makes it mandatory for a covered employer to develop a...

14 CFR 29.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 29.859... § 29.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... any ventilating air passage that— (i) Surrounds the combustion chamber; and (ii) Would not contain...

14 CFR 29.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 29.859... § 29.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... any ventilating air passage that— (i) Surrounds the combustion chamber; and (ii) Would not contain...

14 CFR 29.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 29.859... § 29.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... any ventilating air passage that— (i) Surrounds the combustion chamber; and (ii) Would not contain...

14 CFR 29.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 29.859... § 29.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... any ventilating air passage that— (i) Surrounds the combustion chamber; and (ii) Would not contain...

14 CFR 29.859 - Combustion heater fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Combustion heater fire protection. 29.859... § 29.859 Combustion heater fire protection. (a) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion... any ventilating air passage that— (i) Surrounds the combustion chamber; and (ii) Would not contain...

49 CFR 193.2717 - Training: fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... under § 193.2801. (b) A written plan of continuing instruction, including plant fire drills, must be... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Training: fire protection. 193.2717 Section 193...: fire protection. (a) All personnel involved in maintenance and operations of an LNG plant, including...

49 CFR 193.2717 - Training: fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... under § 193.2801. (b) A written plan of continuing instruction, including plant fire drills, must be... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Training: fire protection. 193.2717 Section 193...: fire protection. (a) All personnel involved in maintenance and operations of an LNG plant, including...

49 CFR 193.2717 - Training: fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... under § 193.2801. (b) A written plan of continuing instruction, including plant fire drills, must be... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Training: fire protection. 193.2717 Section 193...: fire protection. (a) All personnel involved in maintenance and operations of an LNG plant, including...

49 CFR 193.2717 - Training: fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... under § 193.2801. (b) A written plan of continuing instruction, including plant fire drills, must be... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Training: fire protection. 193.2717 Section 193...: fire protection. (a) All personnel involved in maintenance and operations of an LNG plant, including...

Aviation Engine Test Facilities (AETF) fire protection study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beller, R. C.; Burns, R. E.; Leonard, J. T.

1989-07-01

An analysis is presented to the effectiveness of various types of fire fighting agents in extinguishing the kinds of fires anticipated in Aviation Engine Test Facilities (AETF), otherwise known as Hush Houses. The agents considered include Aqueous Film-Forming Foam, Halon 1301, Halon 1211 and water. Previous test work has shown the rapidity with which aircraft, especially high performance aircraft, can be damaged by fire. Based on this, tentative criteria for this evaluation included a maximum time of 20 s from fire detection to extinguishment and a period of 30 min in which the agent would prevent reignition. Other issues examined included: toxicity, corrosivity, ease of personnel egress, system reliability, and cost effectiveness. The agents were evaluated for their performance in several fire scenarios, including: under frame fire, major engine fire, engine disintegration fire, high-volume pool fire with simultaneous spill fire, internal electrical fire, and runaway engine fire.

46 CFR 34.01-15 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 34.30-1. (2) [Reserved] [USCG-2009-0702, 74 FR... Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, 1987, incorporation by reference approved for § 34.10-15. (2) [Reserved] (c) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269...

46 CFR 193.15-50 - Clean agent systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide and Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-50 Clean agent... carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system. [USCG-2006-24797, 77 FR 33893, June 7, 2012] ...

46 CFR 193.15-50 - Clean agent systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide and Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-50 Clean agent... carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system. [USCG-2006-24797, 77 FR 33893, June 7, 2012] ...

The potential predictability of fire danger provided by ECMWF forecast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di Giuseppe, Francesca

2017-04-01

The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), is currently being developed in the framework of the Copernicus Emergency Management Services to monitor and forecast fire danger in Europe. The system provides timely information to civil protection authorities in 38 nations across Europe and mostly concentrates on flagging regions which might be at high danger of spontaneous ignition due to persistent drought. The daily predictions of fire danger conditions are based on the US Forest Service National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS), the Canadian forest service Fire Weather Index Rating System (FWI) and the Australian McArthur (MARK-5) rating systems. Weather forcings are provided in real time by the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecasting system. The global system's potential predictability is assessed using re-analysis fields as weather forcings. The Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4) provides 11 years of observed burned areas from satellite measurements and is used as a validation dataset. The fire indices implemented are good predictors to highlight dangerous conditions. High values are correlated with observed fire and low values correspond to non observed events. A more quantitative skill evaluation was performed using the Extremal Dependency Index which is a skill score specifically designed for rare events. It revealed that the three indices were more skilful on a global scale than the random forecast to detect large fires. The performance peaks in the boreal forests, in the Mediterranean, the Amazon rain-forests and southeast Asia. The skill-scores were then aggregated at country level to reveal which nations could potentiallty benefit from the system information in aid of decision making and fire control support. Overall we found that fire danger modelling based on weather forecasts, can provide reasonable predictability over large parts of the global landmass.

Fire Protection for Rural Communities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hagevig, William A.

Fire protection in rural Alaskan communities depends on individual home fire prevention and protection rather than on the services offered by a centralized fire department. Even when help is summoned to extinguish a blaze, aid does not come in the form of a cadre of highly trained firefighters; it comes instead from whomever happens to be in the…

76 FR 70414 - National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Proposes To Revise Codes and Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-14

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology National Fire Protection... publishing this notice on behalf of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to announce the NFPA's proposal to revise some of its fire safety codes and standards and requests proposals from the public to...

14 CFR 23.1451 - Fire protection for oxygen equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fire protection for oxygen equipment. 23... Equipment Miscellaneous Equipment § 23.1451 Fire protection for oxygen equipment. Oxygen equipment and lines... in, or escape from, any designated fire zone. (c) Be installed so that escaping oxygen cannot come in...

14 CFR 23.1451 - Fire protection for oxygen equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fire protection for oxygen equipment. 23... Equipment Miscellaneous Equipment § 23.1451 Fire protection for oxygen equipment. Oxygen equipment and lines... in, or escape from, any designated fire zone. (c) Be installed so that escaping oxygen cannot come in...

14 CFR 23.1451 - Fire protection for oxygen equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fire protection for oxygen equipment. 23... Equipment Miscellaneous Equipment § 23.1451 Fire protection for oxygen equipment. Oxygen equipment and lines... in, or escape from, any designated fire zone. (c) Be installed so that escaping oxygen cannot come in...

14 CFR 23.1451 - Fire protection for oxygen equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire protection for oxygen equipment. 23... Equipment Miscellaneous Equipment § 23.1451 Fire protection for oxygen equipment. Oxygen equipment and lines... in, or escape from, any designated fire zone. (c) Be installed so that escaping oxygen cannot come in...

14 CFR 23.1451 - Fire protection for oxygen equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fire protection for oxygen equipment. 23... Equipment Miscellaneous Equipment § 23.1451 Fire protection for oxygen equipment. Oxygen equipment and lines... in, or escape from, any designated fire zone. (c) Be installed so that escaping oxygen cannot come in...

10 CFR 36.27 - Fire protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fire protection. 36.27 Section 36.27 Energy NUCLEAR... Requirements for Irradiators § 36.27 Fire protection. (a) The radiation room at a panoramic irradiator must... become fully shielded if a fire is detected. (b) The radiation room at a panoramic irradiator must be...

33 CFR 149.641 - What are the structural fire protection requirements for accommodation spaces and modules?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What are the structural fire...: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT Design and Equipment Structural Fire Protection § 149.641 What are the structural fire protection requirements for accommodation spaces and modules? (a) Accommodation...

33 CFR 149.641 - What are the structural fire protection requirements for accommodation spaces and modules?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What are the structural fire...: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT Design and Equipment Structural Fire Protection § 149.641 What are the structural fire protection requirements for accommodation spaces and modules? (a) Accommodation...

Application of Graph Theory to Cost-Effective Fire Protection of Chemical Plants During Domino Effects.

PubMed

Khakzad, Nima; Landucci, Gabriele; Reniers, Genserik

2017-09-01

In the present study, we have introduced a methodology based on graph theory and multicriteria decision analysis for cost-effective fire protection of chemical plants subject to fire-induced domino effects. By modeling domino effects in chemical plants as a directed graph, the graph centrality measures such as out-closeness and betweenness scores can be used to identify the installations playing a key role in initiating and propagating potential domino effects. It is demonstrated that active fire protection of installations with the highest out-closeness score and passive fire protection of installations with the highest betweenness score are the most effective strategies for reducing the vulnerability of chemical plants to fire-induced domino effects. We have employed a dynamic graph analysis to investigate the impact of both the availability and the degradation of fire protection measures over time on the vulnerability of chemical plants. The results obtained from the graph analysis can further be prioritized using multicriteria decision analysis techniques such as the method of reference point to find the most cost-effective fire protection strategy. © 2016 Society for Risk Analysis.

77 FR 25710 - Agency Information Collection Extension

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-01

... Accident/Incident Reporting System (CAIRS); Occurrence Reporting and Processing System (ORPS); Noncompliance Tracking System (NTS); Radiation Exposure Monitoring System (REMS); Annual Fire Protection Summary... following additional authorities: Computerized Accident/Incident Reporting System (CAIRS): DOE Order 231.1B...

Application of a CO2 dial system for infrared detection of forest fire and reduction of false alarm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bellecci, C.; Francucci, M.; Gaudio, P.; Gelfusa, M.; Martellucci, S.; Richetta, M.; Lo Feudo, T.

2007-04-01

Forest fires can be the cause of serious environmental and economic damages. For this reason considerable effort has been directed toward forest protection and fire fighting. The means traditionally used for early fire detection mainly consist in human observers dispersed over forest regions. A significant improvement in early warning capabilities could be obtained by using automatic detection apparatus. In order to early detect small forest fires and minimize false alarms, the use of a lidar system and dial technique will be considered. A first evaluation of the lowest detectable concentration will be estimated by numerical simulation. The theoretical model will also be used to get the capability of the dial system to control wooded areas. Fixing the burning rate for several fuels, the maximum range of detection will be evaluated. Finally results of simulations will be reported.

Fire monitoring from space: from research to operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pergola, Nicola; Filizzola, Carolina; Corrado, Rosita; Coviello, Irina; lacava, Teodosio; Marchese, Francesco; Mazzeo, Giuseppe; Paciello, Rossana; Tramutoli, Valerio

2013-04-01

Each summer fires rage through European forests, burning hundreds of thousands of hectares per year, as a result of the many (up to 60000) forest fires that usually occur annually in Europe. Fires can threaten public health and safety, destroy property and cause economic damages. Despite of their medium extension (the average burnt area is less than 6 ha), much smaller if compared with other regions like the USA and Canada, the number of simultaneous active fires in Europe can be very high, fomented by weather conditions that, especially in summer times and for countries of South Europe, are particularly favourable to a rapid and dramatic development of flames. Fires still are not only a social problem, but also an environmental emergency, producing a continuous impoverishment of forests and possibly indirectly triggering other natural hazards (e.g. making slopes, without the trees action, more prone to landslides). Additionally, there is a general concern about the loss of biodiversity and the contribution to land degradation that fires may cause. Earth Observation satellite systems have been largely tested for fire detection and monitoring from space. Their spectral capability, synoptic view and revisit times can offer an added value in the operational use not only in real time, during fires fighting activities, but also in near-real or delay time during the phases of risk management and mitigation. However, the practice of an actual operational use of satellite products by end-users is still not usual at European level. This work is based on the experience carried out jointly by CNR-IMAA and the National Civil Protection Department (DPC), in the framework of a five-year agreement in which the operational use of an Earth observation satellite system for fires spotting and monitoring is tested. Satellite-based products, developed not only for detecting fires but also for continuously monitoring their evolution in time domain, have been provided to Civil Protection Department for the whole summer campaign on forest fires fighting, supporting their activities in routinely managing and monitoring forest fires risk. The experimented satellite system has demonstrated to provide valuable information that can be used by civil protection staff also in support to organization and allocation of fire fighting resources on ground, especially when, during the high risk periods, there are or are expected a large number of contemporary events. Training activities, devoted to make DPC staff fully able to self operate the provided satellite-based tool, were also carried out during this collaborative experience, which represents a best practice of a useful integration of satellite added value products within the operational framework of an expert user.

Protecting the Library and Its Resources. A Guide to Physical Protection and Insurance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Edward M., Ed.

The first part of this manual contains information about providing physical protection for libraries and is organized into the following chapters--(1) types of physical losses, (2) the prevention of losses, (3) fire defense measures, (4) fire protection equipment, and (5) fire protection in library planning. The second part is concerned with…

46 CFR 161.002-4 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... vibration and the adverse effects of sea humidity. (b) Standards. (1) All fire-protective systems must be... systems. (3) All parts of the system must pass the environmental tests for control and monitoring...

46 CFR 161.002-4 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... vibration and the adverse effects of sea humidity. (b) Standards. (1) All fire-protective systems must be... systems. (3) All parts of the system must pass the environmental tests for control and monitoring...

46 CFR 161.002-4 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... vibration and the adverse effects of sea humidity. (b) Standards. (1) All fire-protective systems must be... systems. (3) All parts of the system must pass the environmental tests for control and monitoring...

46 CFR 161.002-4 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... vibration and the adverse effects of sea humidity. (b) Standards. (1) All fire-protective systems must be... systems. (3) All parts of the system must pass the environmental tests for control and monitoring...

Full Spectrum LAR

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

Emerson 901 TOW Under Armor (TUA) weapons system. When reliably operational, the Emerson 901 turret can still provide effective anti-armor fires as...the rear of the LAV-R thus there is no available space to carry ammunition resupplies, food, or under armor ambulance kits. On the other hand, the...the LAR battalion; however, the LAV-EFSS cannot be fired under armor protection or in the direct firing mode. Both the LAV-120 AMS and the LAV-EFSS

Vulnerability Methodology and Protective Measures for Aircraft Fire and Explosion Hazards. Volume 2. Aircraft Engine Nacelle Fire Test Programs. Part 1. Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment and Surface Ignition Studies

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

by sensors in the test cell and sampled, digitized, averaged, and calibrated by the facility computer system. The data included flowrates calculated ...before the next test could be started. This required about 2 minutes. 6.4 Combat Damage Testing Appendix C contains calculations and analysis...were comparable (Figure 7-5). Agent quantities required per MIL-E-22285 were again calculated using the equations noted in paragraph 7.1.1. The

Characteristics of sprinklers and water spray mists for fire safety

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackman, Louise A.; Lavelle, Stephen P.; Nolan, P. F.

1991-04-01

In order to predict the type of sprinkler or spray head required for fire safety in buildings and transport systems (e.g. aircraft) it is necessary to model the interaction of water droplets with the thermally buoyant fire gases. Such modelling requires a detailed knowledge of the mean droplet size, the droplet size distribution, droplet velocity and trajectory. Many existing systems for the characterisation of droplets are indirect in that an optical property is measured and the results are subject to "black box" data processing. A direct method can be developed using a synchronised metal vapour laser and high speed cine camera with appropriate optics. Results on both sprinkler and spray mist will be presented and a basis for the choice of active fire protection systems will be outlined.

41 CFR 102-80.135 - Who is a qualified fire protection engineer?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... protection engineer? 102-80.135 Section 102-80.135 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... qualified fire protection engineer? A qualified fire protection engineer is defined as an individual with a..., spread, and suppression, meeting one of the following criteria: (a) An engineer having an undergraduate...

41 CFR 102-80.135 - Who is a qualified fire protection engineer?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... protection engineer? 102-80.135 Section 102-80.135 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... qualified fire protection engineer? A qualified fire protection engineer is defined as an individual with a..., spread, and suppression, meeting one of the following criteria: (a) An engineer having an undergraduate...

41 CFR 102-80.135 - Who is a qualified fire protection engineer?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... protection engineer? 102-80.135 Section 102-80.135 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... qualified fire protection engineer? A qualified fire protection engineer is defined as an individual with a..., spread, and suppression, meeting one of the following criteria: (a) An engineer having an undergraduate...

41 CFR 102-80.135 - Who is a qualified fire protection engineer?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... protection engineer? 102-80.135 Section 102-80.135 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property... qualified fire protection engineer? A qualified fire protection engineer is defined as an individual with a..., spread, and suppression, meeting one of the following criteria: (a) An engineer having an undergraduate...

46 CFR 28.155 - Excess fire detection and protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Excess fire detection and protection equipment. 28.155... protection equipment. Installation of fire detection and protection equipment in excess of that required by the regulations in this subchapter is permitted provided that the excess equipment does not endanger...

Fire Safety Technician

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Pam

2007-01-01

Fire protection is one of the most important considerations in the construction and operation of industrial plants and commercial buildings. Fire insurance rates are determined by fire probability factors, such as the type of construction, ease of transporting personnel, and the quality and quantity of fire protection equipment available. Because…

Aerosol can puncture device operational test plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leist, K.J.

1994-05-03

Puncturing of aerosol cans is performed in the Waste Receiving and Processing Facility Module 1 (WRAP 1) process as a requirement of the waste disposal acceptance criteria for both transuranic (TRU) waste and low-level waste (LLW). These cans have contained such things as paints, lubricating oils, paint removers, insecticides, and cleaning supplies which were used in radioactive facilities. Due to Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) Fire Protection concerns of the baseline system`s fire/explosion proof characteristics, a study was undertaken to compare the baseline system`s design to commercially available puncturing devices. While the study found no areas which might indicate a riskmore » of fire or explosion, WHC Fire Protection determined that the puncturing system must have a demonstrated record of safe operation. This could be obtained either by testing the baseline design by an independent laboratory, or by substituting a commercially available device. As a result of these efforts, the commercially available Aerosolv can puncturing device was chosen to replace the baseline design. Two concerns were raised with the system. Premature blinding of the coalescing/carbon filter, due to its proximity to the puncture and draining operation; and overpressurization of the collection bottle due to its small volume and by blinding of the filter assembly. As a result of these concerns, testing was deemed necessary. The objective of this report is to outline test procedures for the Aerosolv.« less

46 CFR 118.410 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... piping must be capped within the space protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the storage... and the first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for a period of 10 minutes... protect the piping from overpressurization. (3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant. (4) When...

46 CFR 118.410 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... piping must be capped within the space protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the storage... and the first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for a period of 10 minutes... protect the piping from overpressurization. (3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant. (4) When...

46 CFR 118.410 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... piping must be capped within the space protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the storage... and the first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for a period of 10 minutes... protect the piping from overpressurization. (3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant. (4) When...

40 CFR Appendix E to Part 75 - Optional NOX Emissions Estimation Protocol for Gas-Fired Peaking Units and Oil-Fired Peaking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Optional NOX Emissions Estimation Protocol for Gas-Fired Peaking Units and Oil-Fired Peaking Units E Appendix E to Part 75 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION...

40 CFR Appendix E to Part 75 - Optional NOX Emissions Estimation Protocol for Gas-Fired Peaking Units and Oil-Fired Peaking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Optional NOX Emissions Estimation Protocol for Gas-Fired Peaking Units and Oil-Fired Peaking Units E Appendix E to Part 75 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION...

33 CFR 149.641 - What are the structural fire protection requirements for accommodation spaces and modules?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... national consensus standard, as that term is defined in 29 CFR 1910.2, for the structural fire protection... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What are the structural fire...: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT Design and Equipment Structural Fire Protection § 149.641 What are...

Directory of workers in the fire field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuvshinoff, B. W.; Mcleod, S. B.; Katz, R. G.

1973-01-01

A directory was compiled to provide a list of workers engaged in fire research, their addresses and affiliations, and their principal fields of activity. The initial criteria for the selection of names for the directory are recent contributions to fire literature, teaching of subjects relevant to fire science, or participation in or support of fire research programs. With some exceptions, fire service personnel and fire protection engineers were excluded because directories already exist for these professionals. Also excluded are investigators engaged principally in studies of propulsion, combustion, and explosion phenomena, because these areas of study are somewhat aside from the main focus of fire research. For purposes of the directory, fire science is taken to be the body of knowledge, art, and skill related to the investigation, analysis, and interpretation of the phenomena of unwanted fires and the evaluation of materials methods, systems, and equipment related to fire safety, prevention, detection, and suppression.

46 CFR 76.30-90 - Installations contracted for prior to November 19, 1952.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and they are maintained in good condition to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. Minor repairs and alterations may be made to the same standards as the original installation. (2... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Pneumatic Fire Detecting System, Details § 76.30-90 Installations...

46 CFR 193.10-90 - Installations contracted for prior to March 1, 1968.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... service so long as they are maintained in good condition to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. Minor repairs, alterations, and replacements may be permitted to the same standards as...) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System, Details § 193.10-90 Installations...

46 CFR 76.27-90 - Installations contracted for prior to November 19, 1952.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., and they are maintained in good condition to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. Minor repairs and alterations may be made to the same standards as the original installation. (2... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Electric Fire Detecting System, Details § 76.27-90 Installations...

46 CFR 162.161-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) (June 4, 2008), (“MSC.1/Circ. 1267”), IBR approved for § 162.161-6. (c) National Fire Protection...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Fixed Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems § 162.161-2... from the sources listed below. It is also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records...

46 CFR 162.161-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) (June 4, 2008), (“MSC.1/Circ. 1267”), IBR approved for § 162.161-6. (c) National Fire Protection...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Fixed Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems § 162.161-2... from the sources listed below. It is also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records...

Assessing the predictability of fire occurrence and area burned across phytoclimatic regions in Spain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bedia, J.; Herrera, S.; Gutiérrez, J. M.

2014-01-01

Most fire protection agencies throughout the world have developed forest fire risk forecast systems, usually building upon existing fire danger indices and meteorological forecast data. In this context, the daily predictability of wildfires is of utmost importance in order to allow the fire protection agencies to issue timely fire hazard alerts. In this study, we address the predictability of daily fire occurrence using the components of the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System and related variables calculated from the latest ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) reanalysis, ERA-Interim. We develop daily fire occurrence models in peninsular Spain for the period 1990-2008 and, considering different minimum burned area thresholds for fire definition, assess their ability to reproduce the inter-annual fire frequency variability. We based the analysis on a phytoclimatic classification aiming the stratification of the territory into homogeneous units in terms of climatic and fuel type characteristics, allowing to test model performance under different climate/fuel conditions. We then extend the analysis in order to assess the predictability of monthly burned areas. The sensitivity of the models to the level of spatial aggregation of the data is also evaluated. Additionally, we investigate the gain in model performance with the inclusion of socioeconomic and land use/land cover (LULC) covariates in model formulation. Fire occurrence models have attained good performance in most of the phytoclimatic zones considered, being able to faithfully reproduce the inter-annual variability of fire frequency. Total area burned has exhibited some dependence on the meteorological drivers, although model performance was poor in most cases. We identified temperature and some FWI system components as the most important explanatory variables, highlighting the adequacy of the FWI system for fire occurrence prediction in the study area. The results were improved when using aggregated data across regions compared to when data were sampled at the grid-box level. The inclusion of socioeconomic and LULC covariates contributed marginally to the improvement of the models, and in most cases attained no relevant contribution to total explained variance - excepting northern Spain, where anthropogenic factors are known to be the major driver of fires. Models of monthly fire counts performed better in the case of fires larger than 0.1 ha, and for the rest of the thresholds (1, 10 and 100 ha) the daily occurrence models improved the predicted inter-annual variability, indicating the added value of daily models. Fire frequency predictions may provide a preferable basis for past fire history reconstruction, long-term monitoring and the assessment of future climate impacts on fire regimes across regions, posing several advantages over burned area as a response variable. Our results leave the door open to the development a more complex modelling framework based on daily data from numerical climate model outputs based on the FWI system.

Estimating the Manpower, Personnel, and Training Requirements of the Army’s Corps Support Weapon System Using the HARDMAN Methodology

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

Description 24 3-4 System Analysis 26 3-5 CSWS Fire Control System 40 3-6 Hybrid Collective Protection Equipment 46 4-1 Macrit Calculation 50 4-2...suppression. The U.S. Army Chemical Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, is developing hybrid collective protection equipment (HCPE) to provide NBC...Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 15 January 1981. Hybrid collective protection equipment (HCPE) application guidelines. Clearwater, FL

46 CFR 28.355 - Main source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... auxiliaries and controls; (2) Interior lighting; (3) Steering systems; (4) Communication systems; (5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights; (6) Fire protection or detection equipment; (7) Bilge pumps; or...

46 CFR 28.355 - Main source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... auxiliaries and controls; (2) Interior lighting; (3) Steering systems; (4) Communication systems; (5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights; (6) Fire protection or detection equipment; (7) Bilge pumps; or...

46 CFR 28.850 - Main source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... controls; (2) Interior lighting; (3) Steering systems; (4) Communication systems; (5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights; (6) Fire protection or detection equipment; (7) Bilge pumps; and (8) General...

46 CFR 28.850 - Main source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... controls; (2) Interior lighting; (3) Steering systems; (4) Communication systems; (5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights; (6) Fire protection or detection equipment; (7) Bilge pumps; and (8) General...

46 CFR 28.355 - Main source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... auxiliaries and controls; (2) Interior lighting; (3) Steering systems; (4) Communication systems; (5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights; (6) Fire protection or detection equipment; (7) Bilge pumps; or...

46 CFR 28.850 - Main source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... controls; (2) Interior lighting; (3) Steering systems; (4) Communication systems; (5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights; (6) Fire protection or detection equipment; (7) Bilge pumps; and (8) General...

46 CFR 28.355 - Main source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... auxiliaries and controls; (2) Interior lighting; (3) Steering systems; (4) Communication systems; (5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights; (6) Fire protection or detection equipment; (7) Bilge pumps; or...

46 CFR 28.850 - Main source of electrical power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... controls; (2) Interior lighting; (3) Steering systems; (4) Communication systems; (5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights; (6) Fire protection or detection equipment; (7) Bilge pumps; and (8) General...