Sample records for flakeboards
-
Bottomland hardwoods for structual flakeboards
Eddie W. Price; Chung-Yun Hse
1983-01-01
Seven species found growing in bottomland hardwood sites were evaluated for their potential in being utilized in a structural flakeboard. The evaluation process consisted of three phases of investigation. Phase I investigated properties of flakeboards fabricated with several flake lengths and thicknesses using all seven species. In Phase II, properties of panels made...
-
Aspen flakeboard treated with disodium octaborate tetrahydrate
Robert H. White; John Forsman; John R. Erickson
2008-01-01
In this project, we investigated mechanical properties and fire performance of aspen flakeboards manufactured with the fire-retardant chemical disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT). Flakeboards were prepared using two levels of adhesive loading (5% and 7% methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)) and three levels of fire-retardant treatments (6%, 9%, and 12%). DOT is a...
-
Creep behavior of flakeboards made with a mixture of southern species
Eddie W. Price
1985-01-01
Deftection of oriented flakeboards, random flakeboards, and southern pine plywood was evaluated for small size bending specimens and concentrated loads applied to panels nailed on framing lumber. The flakeboards contained a mixture of southern hardwoods and pine; the plywood was 3-ply l/2-inch and 4-ply 5/8-inch construction. Tests of both panel directions, all load...
-
Data for prediction of mechanical properties of aspen flakeboards
C. G. Carll; P. Wang
1983-01-01
This research compared two methods of producing flakeboards with uniform density distribution (which could then be used to predict bending properties of flakeboards with density gradients). One of the methods was suspected of producing weak boards because it involved exertion of high pressures on cold mats. Although differences were found in mechanical properties of...
-
Linear movement of plywood and flakeboards as related to the longitudinal movement of wood
B. G. Heebink; E. W. Kuenzi; A. C. Maki
1964-01-01
Veneer, plywood, and flakeboard specimens were subjected to various humidity conditions. Physical and elastic properties of the veneer were determined and the influence of these properties on the movement of plywood and flakeboards fabricated of like material was evaluated, The linear movement of the plywood and flakeboards was closely related to the longitudinal-to-...
-
Racking strength of walls sheathed with structual flakeboards made from southern species
E.W. Price; Gromala D.S.
1980-01-01
Ten types of structural flakeboards and two types of southern pine plywood were evaluated. Racking loads were applied to full-size racking panels (8 by 8 ft., according to ASTME 72) and small panels (2 by 2 ft.). When subjected to a 1,600-pound racking load, 8- by 8-foot panels sheathed with flakeboards containing a mixture of hardwood and pine flakes were slightly...
-
Accelerated aging of phenolic-bonded flakeboards
Andrew J. Baker; Robert H. Gillespie
1978-01-01
Specimens of phenolic-bonded flakeboard, vertical-grain southern pine and Douglas-fir, and marine-grade Douglas-fir plywood were exposed to four accelerated aging situations. These consisted of: 1) Multiple cycles of boiling and elevated-temperature drying, 2) multiple cycles of vacuum- pressure soaking and intermediate-temperature drying, 3) the six-cycle ASTM D-1037...
-
Basic properties of full-size st ructural flakeboards fabricated with flakes on a shaping lathe
Eddie W. Prie
1977-01-01
Structural exterior flakeboards manufactured in 4 by 8 ft (1.22 by 2.44 m ) size with phenolic resin and flakes produced on a shaping-lathe headrig were evaluated for plate shear modulus, internal bond, bending properties, and 24-hour water soak stability. Both mixed and single species flakeboards were produced. Panels with mixed flakes had 20% by weight of hickory,...
-
Data basic to the engineering of reconstituted flakeboard
Robert L. Geimer
1979-01-01
Flakeboards made with uniform densities throughout their thickness and different degrees of flake alignment were used to establish relationships between bending, tension, and compression values of modulus of elasticity or modulus of rupture (or stress to maximum load) and the variables of specific gravity and flake alignment. An equation using sonic velocity as an...
-
Flexural creep of structural flakeboards under cyclic humidity
M.C. Yeh; R.C. Tang; Chung-Yun Hse
1990-01-01
Flexural creep behavior of randomly oriented structural flakeboards under cyclic humidity is presented. Specimens fabricated with 5 and 7 percent phenol-formaldehyde resin were subjected to constant concentrated load in bending under slow and fast cyclic relative humidity (RH) between 65 and 95 percent for 100 days. The temperature was set at a constant 75°F through...
-
Construction variables considered in fabrication of a structural flakeboard
R.L. Geimer; E.W. Price
1978-01-01
Flake geometry, flake quality, flake alignment, average density, density gradients, layer thicknesses, and resin content were factors considered in determining the final construction details on structural flakeboards made from 1) western softwoods and 2) southern hardwood residues. After making compromises between board properties, a three-layer design was recommended...
-
Flakeboard properties as affected by flake cutting techniques
E.W. Price; Lehmann W.F.
1979-01-01
Flakeboards were prepared from flakes obtained from disk, drum, and ring flakers, and a shaping-lathe headrig. Species used were lodgepole pine,loblolly pine, sweetgum, southern red oak, and mockernut hickory at 1.25 compression ratio and two resin contents (5% and 8%). The three-layer panels had 25 percent of the largest flakes on each surface; all other material...
-
Wood particleboard and flakeboard : types, grades, and uses
C. G. Carll
1986-01-01
This report is for those who use or may want to use wood particleboard. The term bparticleboardc is used as defined in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard D 1554, which includes flakeboards as a subclass of particleboards, and not as used in the lumber trade where the term is usually reserved for panels made of fine wood particles such as...
-
Selected properties of MDF and flakeboard overlaid with fiberglass mats
Zhiyong Cai
2006-01-01
Nonwoven fiberglass face laminates have long been applied to consolidated wood- based composites to improve their performance and serviceability. In this study, fiberglass mats with 50 percent resin binder were applied as face laminates to unconsolidated wood fiber or flake mats, then hot-pressed to make overlaid medium density fiberboard and flakeboard. Fiberglass...
-
Physical and mechanical properties of flakeboard reinforced with bamboo strips
Ge Wang; Zhehui Jiang; Chung Y. Hse; Todd F. Shupe
2009-01-01
The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical performance of flakeboard reinforced with bamboo strips. The study investigated three different bamboo strip alignment patterns and an experimental control. All panels were tested in static bending both along parallel and perpendicular to the lengths of the bamboo strips. Internal bond...
-
Preliminary study on flakeboard panels made from aspen slash wood
Yan Yu; Alan Rudie; Zhiyong Cai
2010-01-01
The disposal of forest-thinning residue is one of the major problems for sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the technical possibility of utilizing aspen logging slash wood with a diameter ranging from 50 to 76 mm for flakeboard production. Influences of weight ratio between slash wood and commercial flakes on the selected...
-
Hardwood structual flakeboard- Development of the industry in North America
Peter Koch; Norman C. Springate
1983-01-01
After a faltering beginning in 1958, vigorus growth in the 1970s, and extraordinary expansion in 1980, 1981, and 1982, the structuml flakeboard industry in North America is competing strongly with the soft plywood industry in midwestern, eastern, and southern structural panel markets. In early 1982, existing and planned annual capacities in North America totaled about...
-
Effect of resin type on properties of steam-press-cured flakeboards
Chung-Yun Hse; Robert L. Geimer; W. Ernest Hsu; R.C. Tang
1995-01-01
Six potentially important wood adhesives for gluing southern pine and white oak flakeboards were evaluated for their performances in steam-injection pressing and conventional platen pressing. Of the six resins tested, polyisocyanate resin performed well in both steam injection and conventional platen pressings. Phenol-fonnaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea-fonnaldehyde (...
-
Effect of resin type on properties of steam-press-cured flakeboards
Chung-Yun Hse; Robert L. Geimer; W. Earnest Hsu; R.C. Tang
1995-01-01
Six potentially important wood adhesives for gluing southern pine and white oak flakeboards were evaluated for their performances in steam-injection pressing and conventional platen pressing. Of the six resins tested, polyisocyanate resin performed well in both steam injection and conventional platen pressings. Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea-formaldehyde (...
-
Data for Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Aspen Flakeboards.
1983-09-01
mat and, consequently, Design of particleboards or flakeboards with specific flexural possible flake damage by crushing. Geirner has since properties...acletst at gos U.S. Foes Produt La. ’Nire numein pernm e refe to @teW cited at end of report. ., Experimental Design and Procedute Homogeneous boards...superior tensile strength to steanInjected boards at low Bending Properties . : SG levels where the comparativ advantage of steam- "iection presg (i.e
-
Effect of species and panel density on durability of structural flakeboard
M. W. Kelly; Eddie W. Price
1985-01-01
Structural flakeboard panels made with species of sweetgum, hickories, red oaks, white oaks, and southern pines, and with a 20 percent mixture of each species group, were subjected to a series of exposure conditions. One of the exposure conditions consisted of a Xenon arc lamp with an intermittent water spray from conventional weatherometer test equipment. Other...
-
Rate- and duration-of-load behavior of lab-made structural flakeboards
J. D. McNatt
1985-01-01
Tests of structural use panels under different loading conditions provide basic information for establishing design stresses. This paper reports the effects of loading rate in tension and bending and of duration of load in tension on the properties of four lab-made structural flakeboards, (two of which had aligned flakes). The objective was to determine if these panels...
-
Effect of hygroscopic treatments and load applications on engineering properties of flakeboards
M.C. Yeh; R.C. Tang; C.Y. Hse
1991-01-01
The study of mechanical properties of hardwood structural flakeboards (white oak, red oak, and sweetgum) as affected by hygroscopic treatments and load applications, individually or collectively, is reported. The shear moduli and moduli of elasticty determined by stress waves (Esw) are drastically reduced by cycle conditions of 65/95/65 percent...
-
Leaching of flakeboard produced from recycled CCA-treated wood into deionized water
W. Li; T.F. Shupe; Chung-Yun Hse
2004-01-01
The disposal of preservative-treated wood is becoming a larger issue for the forest products industry due to increasing public concern and scrutiny as well as costs associated with traditional disposal, i.e., landfilling. Recycling of preservative-treated wood has great potential. In this study, flakeboard was produced from decommissioned guardrail posts that had been...
-
Initial test of large panels of structural flakeboard from southern hardwoods
Eddie W. Price
1975-01-01
A strong structural exterior flakeboard from mixed southern hardwoods has been developed on a laboratory scale; the problem is transfer of the technique to pilot-plant scale in the manufacture of 4- by 8-ft panels. From the pilot-plant trial here reported, it is concluded that a specific platen pressure of at least 575 psi and a hot press closing time of about 45...
-
Dimensional stability of flakeboards as affected by board specific gravity and flake alignment
Robert L. Geimer
1982-01-01
The objective was to determine the relationship between the variables specific gravity (SG) and flake alignment and the dimensional stability properties of flakeboard. Boards manufactured without a density gradient were exposed to various levels of relative humidity and a vacuum-pressure soak (VPS) treatment. Changes in moisture content (MC), thickness swelling, and...
-
Chung-Yun Hse; Peter Koch; Charles W. Mcmillin; Eddie W. Price
1975-01-01
A seriex of experiments was conducted to develop a 1/2-inch-thick, structural, exterior, mixed-species flakeboard functionally competitive with sheathing grades of plywood. The board design settled on is comprised of equal-weight portions throughout of Carya spp., Quercus alba L., Quercus falcata Michx.,
-
C. -Y. Hse; P. Koch; C.W. McMillin; E.W. Price
1975-01-01
A series of experiments was conducted to develop a 1/2-inch-thick, structural, exterior, mixed-species flakeboard functionally competitive with sheathing grades of plywood. The board design settled on is comprised of equal-weight portions throughout of Carya spp., Quercus alba L., Quercus falcata Michx.,
-
Manufacture and performance of full size structural flakeboards from Douglas-fir forest residues
J. Dobbin McNatt
1978-01-01
The Forest Products Laboratory manufactured and assessed the performance of 4- by 8-foot structural flakeboard panels from Douglas-fir forest residues after target performance goals were developed. The 42 pcf, three- layer boards were 1/2 inch thick with high quality disk cut flakes for the faces and lower quality flakes processed through a ring flaker in the core....
-
Todd F. Shupe; Chung-Yun Hse; Eddie W. Price
2001-01-01
Homogeneous and 3-layer flakeboard panels were fabricated from mixed hardwood species and baldcypress grown in northern Florida. All panels yielded adequate bending strength and stiffness and dimensional stability. For the homogeneous panels, the study indicates that only one panel condition, i.e., 5.5 percent resin content (RC) and 45 pcf, yielded internal bond (IB)...
-
Reel wheels : an application of material science
Robert L. Geimer
1979-01-01
Circular plates of reconstituted wood were fabricated and destructively tested to appraise the potential of such material for cable reel flanges. The reconstituted wood consisted of flakeboard from quality-cut flakes and also from factory residue. The high quality flakeboard used 0.020- by 1/2-by 2-inch southern pine flakes cut on a disk flaker, whereas the flakeboard...
-
Flakeboard thickness swelling. Part I, Stress relaxation in a flakeboard mat
R. L. Geimer; J. H. Kwon; J. Bolton
1998-01-01
The steam injection schedule best suited for dimensionally stabilizing a flake mat is one in which steam treatment is initiated before the press is closed and is continued at least until the mat attains target thickness. Experiments showed that resinless mats treated with 20 sec of steam at 600 kPa had maximum thickness swelling of 205% compared to 350% for resinless...
-
Charles B. Vick
1987-01-01
Composite framing msde from yellow-poplar and sweetgum parallel-laminated veneer and oriented flakeboard was effectively laminated with an emulsion polymer/isocyanate adhesive and radio-frequency curing at an assumed but typical range of material surface characteristics and factory assembly conditions.
-
Potential for structural lumber substitutes
Theodore L. Laufenberg
1985-01-01
The potential for substitution of structural wood composites into solid-sawn lumber markets is presented from the technological viewpoint. Technological limitations of existing composite processes and products are reviewed in the context of the present laminated veneer lumber (LVL), flakeboard, and fiber/ paper industries. The limits of mechanical property potential...
-
Composites from southern pine juvenile wood. Part 2. Durability and dimensional stability
Anton D. Pugel; Eddie W. Price; Chung-Yun Hse
1990-01-01
Southern pine juvenile and mature wood were processed into three composites: flakeboard, particleboard, and fiberboard. The durability of these composites was assessed by subjecting specimens to an ovendry-vacuumpressure-soak (ODVPS) treatment, and then evaluated for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bond. Overall, juvenile wood composites had...
-
Properties of structural panels fabricated from bioremediated CCA-treated wood: pilot scale
Carol A. Clausen; James H. Muehl; Andrzej M. Krzysik
2006-01-01
Particleboard and flakeboard panels were fabricated from remediated CCA-treated southern yellow pine. Treated wood, flaked or comminuted into particles, was remediated in 12-kg batches using oxalic acid extraction, followed by bioleaching with the metal-tolerant bacterium Bacillus licheniformis. Remediation resulted in removal of 80 percent Cu, 71 percent Cr, and 89...
-
Durability of structural panels
Eddie W. Price; [Editor
1984-01-01
Twenty papers from the proceedings of a workshop are presented on the durability of a group of structural panels for use in roof, wall, and floor sheathing applications. The panel types are waferboard,flakeboard, strandboard, oriented structural board, and structural particleboard. A summary of the proceedings is given as the final presentation.
-
Effect of environmental conditions on the flexural properties of wood I-beams and lumber
Gwo-Huang Chen; R.C. Tang; E.W. Price
1989-01-01
Flexural properties as affected by environmental conditions were evaluated for full-sized wood composite I-beams webbed with oriented strand board (OSB), randomly oriented flakeboard (RF) and 3-ply Structural I plywood (PLY). Solid-sawn southern pine 2 by 10's, ordinarily used in light-frame building construction, were also tested for comparative purposes....
-
Composites from southern pine juvenile wood. Part 1. Panel fabrication and initial properties
Anton D. Pugel; Eddie W. Price; Chung-Yun Hse
1990-01-01
Flakeboard, particleboard, and fiberboard panels were manufactured from four different sources of southern pine (Pinus taeda L.) juvenile wood. The sources were: 1) fastgrown trees; 2) the inner core of older trees; 3) branches; and 4) tops. The juvenile wood particle sizes and panel densities were similar to those used for control panels made from...
-
Steam-assisted hot-pressing of construction plywood
Ronald W. Jokerst; Robert L. Geimer
1994-01-01
This study was designed to determine if steam injection pressing used for fiberboard, particleboard, and flakeboard could be adapted to the pressing of plywood. Plywood panels were fabricated with and without adhesive and then pressed to determine the effects of steam injection Lime, steam injection pressure, and press pressure on heat transfer rate, moisture...
-
Joseph B. Sturos
1989-01-01
Describes a new machine designed to reduce small-diameter logs into small chunks or blocks. The chunks can be used to manufacture flakeboard and composite wood products as well as for energy wood. Presents data on the physical character of chunkwood produced; production rates; and torque, power, and energy requirements for two species and two nominal chunk lengths....
-
Mechanical and physical properties of composite panels manufactured from Chinese tallow tree furnish
Todd F. Shupe; Leslie H. Groom; Thomas L. Eberhardt; Timothy G. Rials; Chung Y. Hse; Thomas Pesacreta
2006-01-01
Chinese tallow tree is a noxious, invasive plant in the southeastern United States. It is generally considered a nuisance and has no current commercial use. The objective of this research was to determine the technical feasibility of using the stem wood of this species for particleboard, fiberboard, and structural flakeboard. Due to its rapid growth, Chinese tallow...
-
Prototype flaking head smooths surfaces left by headrig or edger chipping heads
Peter Koch
1976-01-01
Flaking heads arranged to follow headrig and edger chipper cheads could smooth machined surfaces and produce high-value flakes of near optimum dimsneions for structural flakeboard. In the proposed concept, eight knives are closely grouped in a 45-degree helix on a cutterhead tipped at 45-degree angle to the direction of workpiece feed. Each knife is set out in cutting...
-
Prototype flaking head smooths surfaces left by headrig or edger chipping heads
P. Koch
1976-01-01
Flaking heads arranged to follow headrig and edger chipper heads would smooth machined surfaces and produce high-value flakes of near optimum dimensions for structural flakeboard. In the proposed concept, eight knives are closely grouped in a 45-degree helix on a cutterhead tipped at 45-degree angle to the direction of workpiece feed. Each knife is set out in cutting...
-
Slash pine rootwood in flakeboard
E.T. Howard
1974-01-01
Flakes 3 Inches along the grain. 3/8-inch wide, and 0.02 inch thick were machined from the taproots (with 6-inch-high stump) and second logs at eight 31-year-old slash pines. Specific gravity (O.D. weight, green volume) of stems averaged 0.52; rootwood averaged 0.43 and decreased sharply with depth below ground. Forty-four-lb./cu. ft. structural-type particleboards...
-
Steam injection pressing : large panel fabrication with southern hardwoods
Robert L. Geimer; Eddie W. Price
1986-01-01
Large 4 by 8 ft (1.22 by 2.44 m) panels were made using a steam injection method of pressing. Homogenously constructed flakeboards were fabricated from southern red oak, sweet gum, and a mixture of the two species using both isocyanate and phenolic resins. Isocyanate was especially suited to the process and 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) thick panels were pressed in less than 150...
-
Determining tensile properties of sweetgum veneer flakes
Eddie W. Price
1976-01-01
Rotary-cut sweetgum veneer flakes measuring 3 inches along the grain, 3/8 inch wide, and 0.015 inch thick, were stressed in tension parallel to the grain at gage lengths from 0.50 to 1.25 inches for unpressed control and at 0.75 inch gage length for flakes pressed in a flakeboard mat. The control fkaes had an average tensile strength of 9,400 psi for the smaller gage...
-
Determining tensile properties of sweetgum veneer flakes
E.W. Price
1976-01-01
Rotary-cut 8weetgum veneer flakes measuring 3 inchee along the grain, 3/8 inch wide, and 0.015 inch thick, were stressed in tension parallel to the grain at gage lengths from 0.00 to 1.25 inchee for unpressed control and at 0.75 inch gage length for flakes pressed in a flakeboard mat. The control flakes had an average tensile strength of 9,400 psi for the smaller age...
-
Flake storage effects on properties of laboratory-made flakeboards
C. G. Carll
1998-01-01
Aspen (Populus gradidentata) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) flakes were prepared with tangential-grain and radial-grain faces on a laboratory disk flaker. These were gently dried in a steam-heated rotary drum dryer. Approximately 1 week after drying, surface wettability was measured on a large sample of flakes using an aqueous dye solution. Three replicate boards of...
-
Properties of flakeboards from hardwoods growing on southern pine sites
C. -Y. Hse
1975-01-01
Boards 0.5 inch thick were made from 3-inch-long flakes of 9 species of southern hardwoods commonly found on pine sites. The main effects of species were due to variation in wood density; low-density species compacted readily when pressed, and the resulting good flake contact improved bonding and gave boards of high strength. With species having specific gravities...
-
Alkali-treated kraft lignin as a component in flakeboard eesins
Mon-Lin Kuo; Chung-Yun Hse; Dee-Hua Huang
1991-01-01
Southern pine kraft lignin was reacted with NaOH (15 and 20% based on dry lignin) at 170, 200, and 250°C for 30 and 60 min. Sweetgum flake boards bonded with phenolic resins containing 50% hydroxymethylated lignin prepared from some of the alkali treated lignins were compared with boards bonded with a neat PF resin. Results indicate that boards bonded with lignin-...
-
Lathe creates hardwood flakes for manufacture of "super strong" flakeboard
P. Koch
1973-01-01
Most industry members got their first look at a prototype of the Koch lathe at this year's Southern Forest Products Assn. Machinery Exhibition held in Atlanta. With the residue from this machine, Dr. Peter Koch, project leader at the Southern Forest Experiment Station in Pineville, LA thinks it will be possible to create a flake that can be used for making a...
-
Properties of flakeboards from hardwoods growing on southern pine sites
Chung-Yun Hse
1975-01-01
Boards 0.5 inch thick were made from 3-inch-long flakes of 9 species of southern hardwoods commonly found on pine sites. The main effects of species were doe to variation in wood density; low-density species compacted readily when pressed, and the resulting good flake contact improved bonding and gave boards of high strength. With species having specific gravities...
-
Remediation and recycling of WBP-treated lumber for use as flakeboard
Ronald Sabo; Jerrold E. Winandy; Carol A. Clausen; Altaf Basta
2008-01-01
Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted in which preservative metals (As, Cr, & Cu) were thermochemically extracted from CCA-treated spruce (Picea engelmannii) using oxalic acid and sodium hydroxide. The effects of extraction time, temperature, and pH were examined and laboratory scale optimization was achieved. Two series of experiments were carried out. In...
-
Flake Orientation Effects On Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sweetgum Flakeboard
T.F. Shupe; Chung-Yun Hse; E.W. Price
2001-01-01
Research was initiated to determine the effect of flake orientation on the physical and mechanical properties offlakeboard. The panel fabrication techniques investigated were single-layer panels with random and oriented flake distribution, three-layer, five-layer, and seven-layer panels. Single-layer oriented panels had panel directional property ratios of 11.8 and 12....
-
The response of hardwood flakes and flakeboard to high temperature drying
Walter L. Plagemann; Eddie W. Price; William E. Johns
1982-01-01
This study assesses the effect of high temperature drying on chemical and mechanical properties of flakes and correlates changes in flake quality with board properties. The high temperature drying of flakes was found to have a significant effect on the internal bond (IB) of the resulting panels. The highest IB values were observed in boards produced from flakes dried...
-
Physical and mechanical properties of flakeboard produced from recycled CCA-treated wood
W. Li; T.F. Shupe; Chung-Yun Hse
2004-01-01
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood has been most widely used in North America since the 1970s for many exterior applications such as decks, fences, playground equipment, utility poles, and others. A large volume of CCA-treated wood is currently coming out of service. Traditional disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration are not without adverse...
-
Effects of A New Caul System on Strength and Stability of Structural Flakeboard
Cheng Piao; Todd F. Shupe; Chung Y. Hse
2004-01-01
Pressing flakes or fibers at high moisture content (MC) may generate substantial benefits for the manufacture of wood composites. Such technology could reduce furnish drying costs and the risk of fire hazard, improve panel mechanicaland moisture soaking properties, and reduce emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at drying of flakes and at hot pressing. However...
-
Robert L. Geimer; Jin Heon Kwon
1999-01-01
The results of this study showed that the same relative reductions in thickness swelling (TS) previously obtained with steam-injection-pressed (SIP) resinless mats are also obtained in boards bonded with 3% isocyanate resin. Reductions in thickness swelling were proportional to steam time and pressure. Thickness swelling of 40% measured in conventionally pressed boards...
-
Peter Koch
1975-01-01
Virtually all nations have an under-utilized resource of small-diameter, low-grade hardwoods of mixed species in a range of densities. The shaping-lathe headrig, now in the final stages of commercialization, is a key to utilizing these hardwoods for pallets, industrial lumber, and-with further development-railroad crossties. Lathe residues in the form of flakes can be...