Sample records for floating water bridge

  1. Structure of the floating water bridge and water in an electric field

    PubMed Central

    Skinner, Lawrie B.; Benmore, Chris J.; Shyam, Badri; Weber, J. K. R.; Parise, John B.

    2012-01-01

    The floating water bridge phenomenon is a freestanding rope-shaped connection of pure liquid water, formed under the influence of a high potential difference (approximately 15 kV). Several recent spectroscopic, optical, and neutron scattering studies have suggested that the origin of the bridge is associated with the formation of anisotropic chains of water molecules in the liquid. In this work, high energy X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on a series of floating water bridges as a function of applied voltage, bridge length, and position within the bridge. The two-dimensional X-ray scattering data showed no direction-dependence, indicating that the bulk water molecules do not exhibit any significant preferred orientation along the electric field. The only structural changes observed were those due to heating, and these effects were found to be the same as for bulk water. These X-ray scattering measurements are supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which were performed under electric fields of 106 V/m and 109 V/m. Directional structure factor calculations were made from these simulations parallel and perpendicular to the E-field. The 106 V/m model showed no significant directional-dependence (anisotropy) in the structure factors. The 109 V/m model however, contained molecules aligned by the E-field, and had significant structural anisotropy. PMID:23010930

  2. 77 FR 35900 - Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-15

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... navigable waters during the Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float- in and bridge construction of span placement... the existing bascule spans from the Gilmerton Bridge, transport the new center span from the Eastern...

  3. 77 FR 44544 - Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-In, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-30

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-In, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... withdrawing its proposed rule concerning the Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in and bridge construction of... ``Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Chesapeake...

  4. 8. CAR FLOAT AND TUG DOCKED AT BRIDGE NO. 11 ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    8. CAR FLOAT AND TUG DOCKED AT BRIDGE NO. 11 FROM BRIDGE NO. 9 APRON. LOOKING SOUTHEAST. - Greenville Yard, Transfer Bridge System, Port of New York/New Jersey, Upper New York Bay, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ

  5. 63. VIEW OF THE SHOOFLY BRIDGE LIFT SPAN BEING FLOATED ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    63. VIEW OF THE SHOOFLY BRIDGE LIFT SPAN BEING FLOATED INTO PLACE, LOOKING NORTH, January 29, 1935 - Sacramento River Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River at California State Highway 275, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

  6. 77 FR 43557 - Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-25

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... during the Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float- in and bridge construction of span placement. This action... Construction, INC will facilitate removal of the existing bascule spans from the Gilmerton Bridge, transport of...

  7. 77 FR 73541 - Safety Zone: Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-11

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone: Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float- in and bridge construction of span placement. This action is intended to... rulemaking (NPRM) proposing a safety zone in the Gilmerton Bridge Area (77 FR 43557) on September 5-9, 2012...

  8. 77 FR 75016 - Safety Zone: Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-19

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone: Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... final rule establishing a safety zone around the Gilmerton Bridge center span barge. Inadvertently, this... Gilmerton Bridge center span barge (77 FR 73541). Inadvertently, this rule included an error in the...

  9. Estimation of the full-field dynamic response of a floating bridge using Kalman-type filtering algorithms

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Petersen, Ø. W.; Øiseth, O.; Nord, T. S.; Lourens, E.

    2018-07-01

    Numerical predictions of the dynamic response of complex structures are often uncertain due to uncertainties inherited from the assumed load effects. Inverse methods can estimate the true dynamic response of a structure through system inversion, combining measured acceleration data with a system model. This article presents a case study of full-field dynamic response estimation of a long-span floating bridge: the Bergøysund Bridge in Norway. This bridge is instrumented with a network of 14 triaxial accelerometers. The system model consists of 27 vibration modes with natural frequencies below 2 Hz, obtained from a tuned finite element model that takes the fluid-structure interaction with the surrounding water into account. Two methods, a joint input-state estimation algorithm and a dual Kalman filter, are applied to estimate the full-field response of the bridge. The results demonstrate that the displacements and the accelerations can be estimated at unmeasured locations with reasonable accuracy when the wave loads are the dominant source of excitation.

  10. Super-long bridges with floating towers: the role of multi-box decks and Hardware-In-the-Loop technology for wind tunnel tests

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zasso, A.; Argentini, T.; Bayati, I.; Belloli, M.; Rocchi, D.

    2017-12-01

    The super long fjord crossings in E39 Norwegian project pose new challenges to long span bridge design and construction technology. Proposed solutions should consider the adoption of bridge deck with super long spans or floating solutions for at least one of the towers, due to the relevant fjord depth. At the same time, the exposed fjord environment, possibly facing the open ocean, calls for higher aerodynamic stability performances. In relation to this scenario, the present paper addresses two topics: 1) the aerodynamic advantages of multi-box deck sections in terms of aeroelastic stability, and 2) an experimental setup in a wind tunnel able to simulate the aeroelastic bridge response including the wave forcing on the floating.

  11. 14 CFR 136.11 - Helicopter floats for over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Helicopter floats for over water. 136.11... TOURS AND NATIONAL PARKS AIR TOUR MANAGEMENT National Air Tour Safety Standards § 136.11 Helicopter floats for over water. (a) A helicopter used in commercial air tours over water beyond the shoreline must...

  12. 14 CFR 136.11 - Helicopter floats for over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Helicopter floats for over water. 136.11... TOURS AND NATIONAL PARKS AIR TOUR MANAGEMENT National Air Tour Safety Standards § 136.11 Helicopter floats for over water. (a) A helicopter used in commercial air tours over water beyond the shoreline must...

  13. 14 CFR 136.11 - Helicopter floats for over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Helicopter floats for over water. 136.11... TOURS AND NATIONAL PARKS AIR TOUR MANAGEMENT National Air Tour Safety Standards § 136.11 Helicopter floats for over water. (a) A helicopter used in commercial air tours over water beyond the shoreline must...

  14. 14 CFR 136.11 - Helicopter floats for over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Helicopter floats for over water. 136.11... TOURS AND NATIONAL PARKS AIR TOUR MANAGEMENT National Air Tour Safety Standards § 136.11 Helicopter floats for over water. (a) A helicopter used in commercial air tours over water beyond the shoreline must...

  15. Collective Behavior of Camphor Floats Migrating on the Water Surface

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nishimori, Hiraku; Suematsu, Nobuhiko J.; Nakata, Satoshi

    2017-10-01

    As simple and easily controllable objects among various self-propelled particles, camphor floats on the water surface have been widely recognized. In this paper, we introduce characteristic behaviors and discuss the background mechanism of camphor floats on water, both in isolated and non-isolated conditions. In particular, we focus on: (i) the transition of dynamical characters through bifurcations exhibited by systems with small number of camphor floats and (ii) the emergence of a rich variety of complex dynamics observed in systems with large number camphor floats, and attempt to elucidate these phenomena through mathematical modeling as well as experimental analysis. Finally, we discuss the connection of the dynamics of camphor floats to that of a wider class of complex and sophisticated dynamics exhibited by various types of self-propelled particles.

  16. Apparatus for removing oil and other floating contaminants from a moving body of water

    DOEpatents

    Strohecker, J.W.

    1973-12-18

    The patent describes a process in which floating contaminants such as oil and solid debris are removed from a moving body of water by employing a skimming system which uses the natural gravitational flow of the water. A boom diagonally positioned across the body of water diverts the floating contaminants over a floating weir and into a retention pond where an underflow weir is used to return contaminant-free water to the moving body of water. The floating weir is ballasted to maintain the contaminant-receiving opening therein slightly below the surface of the water during fluctuations in the water level for skimming the contaminants with minimal water removal.

  17. Water Pressure Distribution on a Twin-Float Seaplane

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thompson, F L

    1930-01-01

    This is the second of a series of investigations to determine water pressure distribution on various types of seaplane floats and hulls, and was conducted on a twin-float seaplane. It consisted of measuring water pressures and accelerations on a TS-1 seaplane during numerous landing and taxiing maneuvers at various speeds and angles. The results show that water pressures as great as 10 lbs. per sq. in.may occur at the step in various maneuvers and that pressures of approximately the same magnitude occur at the stern and near the bow in hard pancake landings with the stern way down. At the other parts of the float the pressures are less and are usually zero or slightly negative for some distance abaft the step. A maximum negative pressure of 0.87 lb. Per square inch was measured immediately abaft the step. The maximum positive pressures have a duration of approximately one-twentieth to one-hundredth second at any given location and are distributed over a very limited area at any particular instant.

  18. Water-Pressure Distribution on Seaplane Float

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thompson, F L

    1929-01-01

    The investigation presented in this report was conducted for the purpose of determining the distribution and magnitude of water pressures likely to be experienced on seaplane hulls in service. It consisted of the development and construction of apparatus for recording water pressures lasting one one-hundredth second or longer and of flight tests to determine the water pressures on a UO-1 seaplane float under various conditions of taxiing, taking off, and landing. The apparatus developed was found to operate with satisfactory accuracy and is suitable for flight tests on other seaplanes. The tests on the UO-1 showed that maximum pressures of about 6.5 pounds per square inch occur at the step for the full width of the float bottom. Proceeding forward from the step the maximum pressures decrease in magnitude uniformly toward the bow, and the region of highest pressures narrows toward the keel. Immediately abaft the step the maximum pressures are very small, but increase in magnitude toward the stern and there once reached a value of about 5 pounds per square inch. (author)

  19. Floating Probe Assembly for Measuring Temperature of Water

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stewart, Randy; Ruffin, Clyde

    2002-01-01

    A floating apparatus denoted a temperature probe aquatic suspension system (TPASS) has been developed for measuring the temperature of an ocean, lake, or other natural body of water at predetermined depths. Prior instruments built for the same purpose were found to give inaccurate readings because the apparatuses themselves significantly affected the temperatures of the water in their vicinities. The design of the TPASS is intended to satisfy a requirement to minimize the perturbation of the temperatures to be measured. The TPASS includes a square-cross-section aluminum rod 28 in. (=71 cm) long with floats attached at both ends. Each float includes five polystyrene foam disks about 3/4 in.(=1.9 cm) thick and 2.5 in. (=6.4 cm) in diameter. The disks are stacked to form cylinders, bolted to the rod, and covered with hollow plastic sleeves. A metal sleeve is clamped to the middle of the aluminum rod, from whence it hangs down into the water. Temperature probes (which can be thermocouples, thermistors, or resistance temperature devices) are placed within the sleeve at the desired measurement depths. Wires from the temperature probes are routed to the input terminals of a data logger.

  20. Floating Probe Assembly for Measuring Temperature of Water

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Selinsky, T.; Stewart, Randy; Ruffin, Clyde

    2002-01-01

    A floating apparatus denoted a temperature probe aquatic suspension system (TPASS) has been developed for measuring the temperature of an ocean, lake, or other natural body of water at predetermined depths. Prior instruments built for the same purpose were found to give inaccurate readings because the apparatuses themselves significantly affected the temperatures of the water in their vicinities. The design of the TPASS is intended to satisfy a requirement to minimize the perturbation of the temperatures to be measured. The TPASS includes a square-cross-section aluminum rod 28 in. (approx. = 71 cm) long with floats attached at both ends. Each float includes five polystyrene foam disks about 3/4 in. (approx. = 1.9 cm) thick and 2.5 in. (approx. = 6.4 cm) in diameter. The disks are stacked to form cylinders, bolted to the rod, and covered with hollow plastic sleeves. A metal sleeve is clamped to the middle of the aluminum rod, from whence it hangs down into the water. Temperature probes (which can be thermocouples, thermistors, or resistance temperature devices) are placed within the sleeve at the desired measurement depths. Wires from the temperature probes are routed to the input terminals of a data logger. This work was done by Randy

  1. Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Productivities of Water Surface-Floating Microalgae by Chemical Mutagenesis

    PubMed Central

    Nojima, Daisuke; Ishizuka, Yuki; Muto, Masaki; Ujiro, Asuka; Kodama, Fumito; Yoshino, Tomoko; Maeda, Yoshiaki; Matsunaga, Tadashi; Tanaka, Tsuyoshi

    2017-01-01

    Water surface-floating microalgae have great potential for biofuel applications due to the ease of the harvesting process, which is one of the most problematic steps in conventional microalgal biofuel production. We have collected promising water surface-floating microalgae and characterized their capacity for biomass and lipid production. In this study, we performed chemical mutagenesis of two water surface-floating microalgae to elevate productivity. Floating microalgal strains AVFF007 and FFG039 (tentatively identified as Botryosphaerella sp. and Chlorococcum sp., respectively) were exposed to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) or 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and pale green mutants (PMs) were obtained. The most promising FFG039 PM formed robust biofilms on the surface of the culture medium, similar to those formed by wild type strains, and it exhibited 1.7-fold and 1.9-fold higher biomass and lipid productivities than those of the wild type. This study indicates that the chemical mutation strategy improves the lipid productivity of water surface-floating microalgae without inhibiting biofilm formation and floating ability. PMID:28555001

  2. Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Productivities of Water Surface-Floating Microalgae by Chemical Mutagenesis.

    PubMed

    Nojima, Daisuke; Ishizuka, Yuki; Muto, Masaki; Ujiro, Asuka; Kodama, Fumito; Yoshino, Tomoko; Maeda, Yoshiaki; Matsunaga, Tadashi; Tanaka, Tsuyoshi

    2017-05-27

    Water surface-floating microalgae have great potential for biofuel applications due to the ease of the harvesting process, which is one of the most problematic steps in conventional microalgal biofuel production. We have collected promising water surface-floating microalgae and characterized their capacity for biomass and lipid production. In this study, we performed chemical mutagenesis of two water surface-floating microalgae to elevate productivity. Floating microalgal strains AVFF007 and FFG039 (tentatively identified as Botryosphaerella sp. and Chlorococcum sp., respectively) were exposed to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) or 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and pale green mutants (PMs) were obtained. The most promising FFG039 PM formed robust biofilms on the surface of the culture medium, similar to those formed by wild type strains, and it exhibited 1.7-fold and 1.9-fold higher biomass and lipid productivities than those of the wild type. This study indicates that the chemical mutation strategy improves the lipid productivity of water surface-floating microalgae without inhibiting biofilm formation and floating ability.

  3. Water flow and solute transport in floating fen root mats

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stofberg, Sija F.; EATM van der Zee, Sjoerd

    2015-04-01

    Floating fens are valuable wetlands, found in North-Western Europe, that are formed by floating root mats when old turf ponds are colonized by plants. These terrestrialization ecosystems are known for their biodiversity and the presence of rare plant species, and the root mats reveal different vegetation zones at a small scale. The vegetation zones are a result of strong gradients in abiotic conditions, including groundwater dynamics, nutrients and pH. To prevent irreversible drought effects such as land subsidence and mineralization of peat, water management involves import of water from elsewhere to maintain constant surface water levels. Imported water may have elevated levels of salinity during dry summers, and salt exposure may threaten the vegetation. To assess the risk of exposure of the rare plant species to salinity, the hydrology of such root mats must be understood. Physical properties of root mats have scarcely been investigated. We have measured soil characteristics, hydraulic conductivity, vertical root mat movement and groundwater dynamics in a floating root mat in the nature reserve Nieuwkoopse Plassen, in the Netherlands. The root mat mostly consists of roots and organic material, in which the soil has a high saturated water content, and strongly varies in its stage of decomposition. We have found a distinct negative correlation between degree of decomposition and hydraulic conductivity, similar to observations for bogs in the literature. Our results show that the relatively young, thin edge of the root mat that colonizes the surface water has a high hydraulic conductivity and floats in the surface water, resulting in very small groundwater fluctuations within the root mat. The older part of the root mat, that is connected to the deeper peat layers is hydrologically more isolated and the material has a lower conductivity. Here, the groundwater fluctuates strongly with atmospheric forcing. The zones of hydraulic properties and vegetation, appear to

  4. Planted floating bed performance in treatment of eutrophic river water.

    PubMed

    Bu, Faping; Xu, Xiaoyi

    2013-11-01

    The objective of the study was to treat eutrophic river water using floating beds and to identify ideal plant species for design of floating beds. Four parallel pilot-scale units were established and vegetated with Canna indica (U1), Accords calamus (U2), Cyperus alternifolius (U3), and Vetiveria zizanioides (U4), respectively, to treat eutrophic river water. The floating bed was made of polyethylene foam, and plants were vegetated on it. Results suggest that the floating bed is a viable alternative for treating eutrophic river water, especially for inhibiting algae growth. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) varied from 6.53 to 18.45 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) from 6.82 to 12.25 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) from 0.65 to 1.64 mg/L, and Chla from 6.22 to 66.46 g/m(3), the removal of COD, TN, TP, and Chla was 15.3%-38.4%, 25.4%-48.4%, 16.1%-42.1%, and 29.9 %-88.1%, respectively. Ranked by removal performance, U1 was best, followed by U2, U3, and U4. In the floating bed, more than 60% TN and TP were removed by sedimentation; plant uptake was quantitatively of low importance with an average removal of 20.2% of TN and 29.4% of TP removed. The loss of TN (TP) was of the least importance. Compared with the other three, U1 exhibited better dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient distributions, higher DO levels, higher hydraulic efficiency, and a higher percentage of nutrient removal attributable to plant uptake; in addition, plant development and the volume of nutrient storage in the C. indica tissues outperformed the other three species. C. indica thus could be selected when designing floating beds for the Three Gorges Reservoir region of P. R. China.

  5. Why the water bridge does not collapse

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aerov, Artem A.

    2011-09-01

    In 2007 an interesting phenomenon was discovered [J. Phys. DJPAPBE0022-372710.1088/0022-3727/40/19/052 40, 6112 (2007)]: a horizontal thread of water, the so-called water bridge, hangs in a horizontal electrostatic field. A different explanation of the water bridge stability is proposed herein: the force supporting it is the surface tension of water, while the role of the electric field is to not allow the water bridge to reduce its surface energy by breaking into separate drops. It is proven that electrostatic field is not the origin of the tension holding the bridge.

  6. Nitrate removal from polluted water by using a vegetated floating system.

    PubMed

    Bartucca, Maria Luce; Mimmo, Tanja; Cesco, Stefano; Del Buono, Daniele

    2016-01-15

    Nitrate (NO3(-)) water pollution is one of the most prevailing and relevant ecological issues. For instance, the wide presence of this pollutant in the environment is dramatically altering the quality of superficial and underground waters. Therefore, we set up a floating bed vegetated with a terrestrial herbaceous species (Italian ryegrass) with the aim to remediate hydroponic solutions polluted with NO3(-). The floating bed allowed the plants to grow and achieve an adequate development. Ryegrass was not affected by the treatments. On the contrary, plant biomass production and total nitrogen content (N-K) increased proportionally to the amount of NO3(-) applied. Regarding to the water cleaning experiments, the vegetated floating beds permitted to remove almost completely all the NO3(-) added from the hydroponic solutions with an initial concentration of 50, 100 and 150 mg L(-1). Furthermore, the calculation of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) indicated this species as successfully applicable for the remediation of solutions polluted by NO3(-). In conclusion, the results highlight that the combination of ryegrass and the floating bed system resulted to be effective in the remediation of aqueous solutions polluted by NO3(-). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Potential of water surface-floating microalgae for biodiesel production: Floating-biomass and lipid productivities.

    PubMed

    Muto, Masaki; Nojima, Daisuke; Yue, Liang; Kanehara, Hideyuki; Naruse, Hideaki; Ujiro, Asuka; Yoshino, Tomoko; Matsunaga, Tadashi; Tanaka, Tsuyoshi

    2017-03-01

    Microalgae have been accepted as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production owing to their capability of converting solar energy into lipids through photosynthesis. However, the high capital and operating costs, and high energy consumption, are hampering commercialization of microalgal biodiesel. In this study, the surface-floating microalga, strain AVFF007 (tentatively identified as Botryosphaerella sudetica), which naturally forms a biofilm on surfaces, was characterized for use in biodiesel production. The biofilm could be conveniently harvested from the surface of the water by adsorbing onto a polyethylene film. The lipid productivity of strain AVFF007 was 46.3 mg/L/day, allowing direct comparison to lipid productivities of other microalgal species. The moisture content of the surface-floating biomass was 86.0 ± 1.2%, which was much lower than that of the biomass harvested using centrifugation. These results reveal the potential of this surface-floating microalgal species as a biodiesel producer, employing a novel biomass harvesting and dewatering strategy. Copyright © 2016 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. 26. Mechanical float gages used to monitor level of water ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    26. Mechanical float gages used to monitor level of water in the filtration bed reservoir. - Lake Whitney Water Filtration Plant, Filtration Plant, South side of Armory Street between Edgehill Road & Whitney Avenue, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

  9. Mesoscale variability of water masses in the Arabian Sea as revealed by ARGO floats

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carton, X.; L'Hegaret, P.; Baraille, R.

    2012-03-01

    By analysing ARGO float data over the last four years, a few aspects of the mesoscale variability of water masses in the Arabian Sea are described. The Red Sea Outflow Water (RSOW) is concentrated in the Southwestern Gulf of Aden, in particular when a cyclonic gyre predominates in this region. Salinities of 36.5 and temperatures of 16 °C are found in this area at depths between 600 and 1000 m. RSOW is more dilute in the eastern part of the Gulf, where intense and relatively barotropic gyres mix it with Indian ocean Central Water. RSOW is also detected along the northeastern coast of Socotra, and fragments of RSOW are found between one and three degrees of latitude north of this island. In the whole Gulf of Aden, the correlation between the deep motions of the floats and the sea-level anomaly measured by altimetry is strong, at regional scale. The finer scale details of the float trajectories are not sampled by altimetry and are often related to the anomalous water masses that the floats encounter. The Persian Gulf Water (PGW) is found in the float profiles near Ras ash Sharbatat (near 57° E, 18° N), again with 36.5 in salinity and about 18-19 °C in temperature. These observations were achieved in winter when the southwestward monsoon currents can advect PGW along the South Arabian coast. Fragments of PGW were also observed in the Arabian Sea between 18 and 20° N and 63 and 65° E in summer, showing that this water mass can escape the Gulf of Oman southeastward, during that season. Kinetic energy distributions of floats with respect to distance or angle share common features between the two regions (Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea), in particular peaks at 30, 50 and 150 km scales and along the axis of monsoon currents. Hydrological measurements by floats are also influenced by the seasonal variations of PGW and RSOW in these regions.

  10. A case study of middle size floating airports for shallower and deeper waters

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yoshida, Koichiro; Suzuki, Hideyuki; Nishigaki, Makoto

    1996-12-31

    Demands for large and middle size airports are expanding in Japan with continuous increase of air transportation. However these demands will not be satisfied without effective ocean space utilization. Most of the wide and shallower waters suitable for reclamation have already been reclaimed. Furthermore those shallower waters are generally close to the residential area, and noise and environmental problems will be caused if they were used for airports. Deeper waters, which are relatively distant from the shore, are suitable for airport but reclamation of these waters are extremely difficult. This paper presents a structural planning of an open sea typemore » middle size floating airport to promote local economy and also improve transportation infrastructure of isolated islands. The airports of this plan are a semisubmersible type floating structure with a relatively thin deck, a number of slender columns and large size lower hulls. The floating structure is moored by inclined tension legs to restrain the motion. The diameter of the leg becomes much larger compared with the legs of existing tension leg platforms. Parameters related to the configuration of the floating structure and the mooring system are determined by comparing analyses results with the proper design criteria. Several kinds of static and dynamic computer programs are used in the planning. The proposed structural plan and the mooring system are considered as a typical floating airport appropriate for the open sea.« less

  11. 9. LOADED CAR FLOAT AND TUG IN THE PROCESS OF ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    9. LOADED CAR FLOAT AND TUG IN THE PROCESS OF DOCKING AT BRIDGE NO. 11. LOOKING EAST. - Greenville Yard, Transfer Bridge System, Port of New York/New Jersey, Upper New York Bay, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ

  12. Analysis of Heavy Metal Content (Pb) on Waters and Fish at The Floating Cages BPPP Ambon

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wattimena, Rachel L.; Selanno, Debby A. J.; Tuhumury, Semuel F.; Tuahatu, Juliana W.

    2018-02-01

    Coastal waters play important roles due to highly in natural resources and developing of environmental services. However, there are highly intensity of natural resources utilization, environment and settlement. Consequently, environment and natural resources would be degraded such as in the Ambon Bay. One of the potency at the Ambon Bay is mariculture area namely the floating cages (KJA) which belongs to Fisheries education and training (BPPP) Ambon. The research aimed to analyze physical-chemical of waters (temperature, pH, salinity and current speed), to analyze heavy metal concentration (Pb) on water and fish from floating cages (KJA) and to analyze waters pollution status at KJA BPPP Ambon. The average salinity of each floating cage ranged from 30.09 - 30.34°C, pH ranged from 8.03 - 8.44, salinity ranged from 31.36 - 33.34 PSU, and current speed at spring tide ranged from 0.5 - 55.8 Cm/sec while neap tide ranged from 0.1 - 9.8 Cm/sec. Heavy metal concentration (Pb) on waters was below the standard for waters quality and the average concentration was 0.002 mg/l. Whilst, the heavy metal concentration (Pb) on fishes was below standard for floating cages (floating cages 2-6) which was 0.05 and 0.17mg/l. Otherwise, floating cage 1 had been above maximum standard for fish food and its processing following SNI 7387:2009 (0.3mg/l) which was 0.31 mg/l. The status of waters pollution at KJA BPPP Ambon belonged to C class and could be categorized as moderate based on standard for waters quality issued by State Ministerial Decree for the Environment No. 51 Year 2004.

  13. Hadfield watches a water bubble float in the Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-01-21

    View of Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Chris Hadfield,Expedition 34 Flight Engineer (FE),watching a water bubble float freely,showing his image refracted,in the Node 1. Photo was taken during Expedition 34.

  14. 10. LOOKING DOWN ON TUG AND CAR FLOAT BEING UNLOADED ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    10. LOOKING DOWN ON TUG AND CAR FLOAT BEING UNLOADED AT BRIDGE NO. 11 SHOWING TRACK, LOCKING MECHANISMS, AND MOORING WINCH IN FOREGROUND. LOOKING EAST. - Greenville Yard, Transfer Bridge System, Port of New York/New Jersey, Upper New York Bay, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ

  15. 16. EAST ELEVATION OF FLOAT HOUSE AND FISH WATER RELEASE ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    16. EAST ELEVATION OF FLOAT HOUSE AND FISH WATER RELEASE OUTLET. PART OF ENERGY DISSIPATING BAFFLE PIER SYSTEM IS VISIBLE AT LEFT. - Pit 4 Diversion Dam, Pit River west of State Highway 89, Big Bend, Shasta County, CA

  16. Ford watches a water bubble float in the Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-01-21

    ISS034-E-031855 (21 Jan. 2013) --- NASA astronaut Kevin Ford, Expedition 34 commander, watches a water bubble float freely between him and the camera, showing his image refracted, in the Unity node of the International Space Station.

  17. Mesoscale variability of water masses in the Arabian Sea as revealed by ARGO floats

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carton, X.; L'Hegaret, P.

    2011-06-01

    By analysing ARGO float data over the last four years, some aspects of the mesoscale variability of water masses in the Arabian Sea are described. The Red Sea Water outflow is strong in the Southwestern Gulf of Aden, in particular when a cyclonic gyre predominates in this region. Salinities of 36.5 and temperatures of 16 °C are found there between 600 and 1000 m depths. The Red Sea Water is more dilute in the eastern part of the Gulf, and fragments of this water mass can be advected offshore across the gulf or towards its northern coast by the regional gyres. The Red Sea Water outflow is also detected along the northeastern coast of Socotra, and fragments of RSW are found between one and three degrees of latitude north of this island. In the whole Gulf of Aden, the correlation between the deep motions of the floats and the SSH measured by altimetry is strong, at regional scale. The finer scale details of the float trajectories are more often related to the anomalous water masses that they encounter. The Persian Gulf Water (PGW) is found in the float profiles near Ras ash Sharbatat (near 57° E, 18° N), again with 36.5 in salinity and about 18-19 °C in temperature. These observations were achieved in winter when the southwestward monsoon currents can advect PGW along the South Arabian coast. Fragments of PGW are found in the Arabian Sea between 18 and 20° N and 63 and 65° E, showing that this water mass can escape the Gulf of Oman southeastward, in particular during summer.

  18. 14 CFR 136.11 - Helicopter floats for over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Helicopter floats for over water. 136.11 Section 136.11 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR CARRIERS AND OPERATORS FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS COMMERCIAL AIR TOURS AND NATIONAL PARKS AIR TOUR MANAGEMEN...

  19. Drift trajectories of a floating human body simulated in a hydraulic model of Puget Sound.

    PubMed

    Ebbesmeyer, C C; Haglund, W D

    1994-01-01

    After a young man jumped off a 221-foot (67 meters) high bridge, the drift of the body that beached 20 miles (32 km) away at Alki Point in Seattle, Washington was simulated with a hydraulic model. Simulations for the appropriate time period were performed using a small floating bead to represent the body in the hydraulic model at the University of Washington. Bead movements were videotaped and transferred to Computer Aided Drafting (AutoCAD) charts on a personal computer. Because of strong tidal currents in the narrow passage under the bridge (The Narrows near Tacoma, WA), small changes in the time of the jump (+/- 30 minutes) made large differences in the distance the body traveled (30 miles; 48 km). Hydraulic and other types of oceanographic models may be located by contacting technical experts known as physical oceanographers at local universities, and can be utilized to demonstrate trajectories of floating objects and the time required to arrive at selected locations. Potential applications for forensic death investigators include: to be able to set geographic and time limits for searches; determine potential origin of remains found floating or beached; and confirm and correlate information regarding entry into the water and sightings of remains.

  20. Enhancing Water Evaporation with Floating Synthetic Leaves

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boreyko, Jonathan; Vieitez, Joshua; Berrier, Austin; Roseveare, Matthew; Shi, Weiwei

    2017-11-01

    When a wetted nanoporous medium is exposed to a subsaturated ambient environment, the water menisci assume a concave curvature to achieve a negative pressure. This negative water pressure is required to balance the mismatch in water activity across the water-air interface to achieve local equilibrium. Here, we show that the diffusive evaporation rate of water can be greatly modulated by floating a nanoporous synthetic leaf at the water's free interface. For high ambient humidities, adding the leaf serves to enhance the evaporation rate, presumably by virtue of the menisci enhancing the effective liquid-vapor surface area. For low humidities, the menisci cannot achieve a local equilibrium and retreat partway into the leaf, which increases the local humidity directly above the menisci. In light of these two effects, we find the surprising result that leaves exposed to an ambient humidity of 90 percent can evaporate water at the same rate as leaves exposed to only 50 percent humidity. These findings have implications for using synthetic trees to enhance steam generation or water harvesting. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CBET-1653631).

  1. Magnetically driven floating foams for the removal of oil contaminants from water.

    PubMed

    Calcagnile, Paola; Fragouli, Despina; Bayer, Ilker S; Anyfantis, George C; Martiradonna, Luigi; Cozzoli, P Davide; Cingolani, Roberto; Athanassiou, Athanassia

    2012-06-26

    In this study, we present a novel composite material based on commercially available polyurethane foams functionalized with colloidal superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and submicrometer polytetrafluoroethylene particles, which can efficiently separate oil from water. Untreated foam surfaces are inherently hydrophobic and oleophobic, but they can be rendered water-repellent and oil-absorbing by a solvent-free, electrostatic polytetrafluoroethylene particle deposition technique. It was found that combined functionalization of the polytetrafluoroethylene-treated foam surfaces with colloidal iron oxide nanoparticles significantly increases the speed of oil absorption. Detailed microscopic and wettability studies reveal that the combined effects of the surface morphology and of the chemistry of the functionalized foams greatly affect the oil-absorption dynamics. In particular, nanoparticle capping molecules are found to play a major role in this mechanism. In addition to the water-repellent and oil-absorbing capabilities, the functionalized foams exhibit also magnetic responsivity. Finally, due to their light weight, they float easily on water. Hence, by simply moving them around oil-polluted waters using a magnet, they can absorb the floating oil from the polluted regions, thereby purifying the water underneath. This low-cost process can easily be scaled up to clean large-area oil spills in water.

  2. Hadfield watches a water bubble float freely in the Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-01-21

    ISS034-E-031694 (21 Jan. 2013) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris Hadfield, Expedition 34 flight engineer, watches a water bubble float freely between him and the camera, showing his image refracted, in the Unity node of the International Space Station.

  3. Hadfield watches a water bubble float freely in the Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-01-21

    ISS034-E-031695 (21 Jan. 2013) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris Hadfield, Expedition 34 flight engineer, watches a water bubble float freely between him and the camera, showing his image refracted, in the Unity node of the International Space Station.

  4. Hydrodynamic analysis of floating platform for special purposes under complex water environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ma, Guang-ying; Yao, Yun-long

    2018-03-01

    This article studied a new floating offshore platform for special purposes, which was assembled by standard floating modules. By using ANSYS AQWA software, the hydrodynamic model of the platform was established. The time history responses of the platform motions and the cable tension forces were calculate under complex water environments, such as wind, wave, current and mooring. The results showed that the tension of the four cables are far less than the breaking tension of the cable, so that the cable will not break. This study can be referenced by the relevant researchers and engineers.

  5. Bridge Deck Runoff: Water Quality Analysis and BMP Effectiveness

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-12-01

    The Alaska Department of Transportation (ADOT) is responsible for more than 700 bridges - most span water bodies. Are these water bodies affected by stormwater runoff from ADOT bridges? What are the regulatory and economic constraints on the ADOT reg...

  6. Floating assembly of diatom Coscinodiscus sp. microshells.

    PubMed

    Wang, Yu; Pan, Junfeng; Cai, Jun; Zhang, Deyuan

    2012-03-30

    Diatoms have silica frustules with transparent and delicate micro/nano scale structures, two dimensional pore arrays, and large surface areas. Although, the diatom cells of Coscinodiscus sp. live underwater, we found that their valves can float on water and assemble together. Experiments show that the convex shape and the 40 nm sieve pores of the valves allow them to float on water, and that the buoyancy and the micro-range attractive forces cause the valves to assemble together at the highest point of water. As measured by AFM calibrated glass needles fixed in manipulator, the buoyancy force on a single floating valve may reach up to 10 μN in water. Turning the valves over, enlarging the sieve pores, reducing the surface tension of water, or vacuum pumping may cause the floating valves to sink. After the water has evaporated, the floating valves remained in their assembled state and formed a monolayer film. The bonded diatom monolayer may be valuable in studies on diatom based optical devices, biosensors, solar cells, and batteries, to better use the optical and adsorption properties of frustules. The floating assembly phenomenon can also be used as a self-assembly method for fabricating monolayer of circular plates. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. CANVAS FINISH TO REMOVE FLOAT MARKS. View is to the ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    CANVAS FINISH TO REMOVE FLOAT MARKS. View is to the northwest of deck finishing operations - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

  8. Overflow Water Pathways in the Subpolar North Atlantic Observed with Deep Floats

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bower, Amy; Furey, Heather; Lozier, Susan

    2017-04-01

    As part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), a total of 135 acoustically tracked RAFOS floats have been deployed in the deep boundary currents of the Iceland, Irminger and Labrador Basins, and in the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, to investigate the pathways of Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) and Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). Floats were released annually in 2014, 2015 and 2016 at depths between 1800 and 2800 m for two-year missions. The array of sound sources used for tracking was expanded from 10 to 13 moorings in 2016 when it was discovered that wintertime surface roughness was negatively impacting acoustic ranges. The floats from the first setting reveal several examples of persistent , deep coherent eddy motion, including a cyclonic eddy spinning off the tip of Eirik Ridge (southwest of Cape Farewell), a cyclonic eddy in the northeastern Labrador Basin near where anticyclonic Irminger Rings are formed, and an anticyclonic eddy under the North Atlantic Current (NAC) in the central Iceland Basin. A consistent region of boundary-interior exchange was observed near Hamilton Bank on the western boundary of the Labrador Sea. Deep cyclonic recirculation gyres are revealed in all three basins. Floats released in the southward-flowing deep boundary current over the eastern flank of the Reykjanes Ridge show that shallower layers of ISOW peel off to the west and cross the Ridge into the Irminger Basin through various gaps south of 60°N, including the Bight Fracture Zone. These floats tend to turn northward and continue along the slope in the Irminger Basin. Interestingly, floats released at the ISOW level in the CGFZ did not turn into the Irminger Basin as often depicted in deep circulation schematics, but rather drifted west-northwestward toward the Labrador Sea, or eddied around west of the CGFZ and (in some cases) turned southward. This result is consistent with some previous hydrographic and high-resolution model results

  9. ASCAN Ochoa floats in pool during Elgin AFB water survival training

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1990-01-01

    1990 Group 13 Astronaut Candidate (ASCAN) Ellen Ochoa, wearing helmet and flight suit, climbs into a single person life raft while floating in a pool at Elgin Air Force Base (AFB) in Pensacola, Florida, during water survival exercises. Ochoa's underarm flotation device holds her above the water as she pulls herself into the life raft. The training familiarized the candidates with survival techniques necessary in the event of a water landing. ASCANs participated in the exercises from 08-14-90 through 08-17-90.

  10. Low internal pressure in femtoliter water capillary bridges reduces evaporation rates

    PubMed Central

    Cho, Kun; Hwang, In Gyu; Kim, Yeseul; Lim, Su Jin; Lim, Jun; Kim, Joon Heon; Gim, Bopil; Weon, Byung Mook

    2016-01-01

    Capillary bridges are usually formed by a small liquid volume in a confined space between two solid surfaces. They can have a lower internal pressure than the surrounding pressure for volumes of the order of femtoliters. Femtoliter capillary bridges with relatively rapid evaporation rates are difficult to explore experimentally. To understand in detail the evaporation of femtoliter capillary bridges, we present a feasible experimental method to directly visualize how water bridges evaporate between a microsphere and a flat substrate in still air using transmission X-ray microscopy. Precise measurements of evaporation rates for water bridges show that lower water pressure than surrounding pressure can significantly decrease evaporation through the suppression of vapor diffusion. This finding provides insight into the evaporation of ultrasmall capillary bridges. PMID:26928329

  11. Low internal pressure in femtoliter water capillary bridges reduces evaporation rates.

    PubMed

    Cho, Kun; Hwang, In Gyu; Kim, Yeseul; Lim, Su Jin; Lim, Jun; Kim, Joon Heon; Gim, Bopil; Weon, Byung Mook

    2016-03-01

    Capillary bridges are usually formed by a small liquid volume in a confined space between two solid surfaces. They can have a lower internal pressure than the surrounding pressure for volumes of the order of femtoliters. Femtoliter capillary bridges with relatively rapid evaporation rates are difficult to explore experimentally. To understand in detail the evaporation of femtoliter capillary bridges, we present a feasible experimental method to directly visualize how water bridges evaporate between a microsphere and a flat substrate in still air using transmission X-ray microscopy. Precise measurements of evaporation rates for water bridges show that lower water pressure than surrounding pressure can significantly decrease evaporation through the suppression of vapor diffusion. This finding provides insight into the evaporation of ultrasmall capillary bridges.

  12. 33 CFR 144.01-1 - Life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Life floats. 144.01-1 Section 144... CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES LIFESAVING APPLIANCES Manned Platforms § 144.01-1 Life floats. Each manned platform shall be provided with at least two approved life floats. The life floats shall have sufficient...

  13. 33 CFR 144.01-1 - Life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Life floats. 144.01-1 Section 144... CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES LIFESAVING APPLIANCES Manned Platforms § 144.01-1 Life floats. Each manned platform shall be provided with at least two approved life floats. The life floats shall have sufficient...

  14. 33 CFR 144.01-1 - Life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Life floats. 144.01-1 Section 144... CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES LIFESAVING APPLIANCES Manned Platforms § 144.01-1 Life floats. Each manned platform shall be provided with at least two approved life floats. The life floats shall have sufficient...

  15. 33 CFR 144.01-1 - Life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Life floats. 144.01-1 Section 144... CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES LIFESAVING APPLIANCES Manned Platforms § 144.01-1 Life floats. Each manned platform shall be provided with at least two approved life floats. The life floats shall have sufficient...

  16. 33 CFR 144.01-1 - Life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Life floats. 144.01-1 Section 144... CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES LIFESAVING APPLIANCES Manned Platforms § 144.01-1 Life floats. Each manned platform shall be provided with at least two approved life floats. The life floats shall have sufficient...

  17. 31. Floating original Ship Canal draw (in background) to University ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    31. Floating original Ship Canal draw (in background) to University Heights location. New Ship Canal draw in foreground. June 1906 photograph. - University Heights Bridge, Spanning Harlem River at 207th Street & West Harlem Road, New York County, NY

  18. ASCAN Precourt floats on life raft during Elgin AFB water survival training

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1990-01-01

    1990 Group 13 Astronaut Candidate (ASCAN) Charles J. Precourt, wearing helmet and flight suit, floats in pool using an underarm flotation device and a single person life raft at Elgin Air Force Base (AFB) in Pensacola, Florida, during water survival exercises. The training familiarized the candidates with survival techniques necessary in the event of a water landing. ASCANs participated in the exercises from 08-14-90 through 08-17-90.

  19. Chiao watches a water bubble float in the SM taken during Expedition 10

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-01-15

    ISS010-E-13569 (15 January 2005) --- Astronaut Leroy Chiao, Expedition 10 commander and NASA ISS science officer, watches a water bubble float between him and the camera, showing his image refracted, on the International Space Station (ISS).

  20. Chiao watches a water bubble float in the SM taken during Expedition 10

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-01-15

    ISS010-E-13562 (15 January 2005) --- Astronaut Leroy Chiao, Expedition 10 commander and NASA Space Station science officer, watches a water bubble float between himself and the camera in the Zvezda Service Module, showing his image refracted.

  1. Evaporation suppression from water reservoirs using floating covers: Lab scale observations and model predictions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Or, D.; Lehmann, P.; Aminzadeh, M.; Sommer, M.; Wey, H.; Wunderli, H.; Breitenstein, D.

    2016-12-01

    The competition over dwindling fresh water resources is expected to intensify with projected increase in human population in arid regions, expansion of irrigated land and changes in climate and drought patterns. The volume of water stored in reservoirs would also increase to mitigate seasonal shortages due to rainfall variability and to meet irrigation water needs. By some estimates up to half of the stored water is lost to evaporation thereby exacerbating the water scarcity problem. Recently, there is an upsurge in the use of self-assembling floating covers to suppress evaporation, yet the design, and implementation remain largely empirical. Studies have shown that evaporation suppression is highly nonlinear, as also known from a century of research on gas exchange from plant leaves (that often evaporate as free water surfaces through stomata that are only 1% of leaf area). We report a systematic evaluation of different cover types and external drivers (radiation, wind, wind+radiation) on evaporation suppression and energy balance of a 1.4 m2 basin placed in a wind-tunnel. Surprisingly, evaporation suppression by black and white floating covers (balls and plates) were similar despite significantly different energy balance regimes over the cover surfaces. Moreover, the evaporation suppression efficiency was a simple function of the uncovered area (square root of the uncovered fraction) with linear relations with the covered area in some cases. The thermally decoupled floating covers offer an efficient solution to the evaporation suppression with limited influence of the surface energy balance (water temperature for black and white covers was similar and remained nearly constant). The results will be linked with a predictive evaporation-energy balance model and issues of spatial scales and long exposure times will be studied.

  2. Floating Marine Debris in waters of the Mexican Central Pacific.

    PubMed

    Díaz-Torres, Evelyn R; Ortega-Ortiz, Christian D; Silva-Iñiguez, Lidia; Nene-Preciado, Alejandro; Orozco, Ernesto Torres

    2017-02-15

    The presence of marine debris has been reported recently in several oceans basins; there is very little information available for Mexican Pacific coasts, however. This research examined the composition, possible sources, distribution, and density of Floating Marine Debris (FMD) during nine research surveys conducted during 2010-2012 in the Mexican Central Pacific (MCP). Of 1820 floating objects recorded, 80% were plastic items. Sources of FMD were determined using key objects, which indicated that the most were related to the presence of the industrial harbor and of a growing fishing industry in the study area. Densities were relatively high, ranging from 40 to 2440objects/km 2 ; the highest densities were recorded in autumn. FMD were distributed near coastal regions, mainly in Jalisco, influenced by river outflow and surface currents. Our results seem to follow worldwide trends and highlight the need for further studies on potential ecological impacts within coastal waters of the MCP. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Recessed floating pier caps for highway bridges.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1973-01-01

    Presented are alternate designs for two existing bridges in Virginia - one with steel beams and the other with prestressed concrete beams - whereby the pier caps are recessed within the depth of the longitudinal beams. The purpose of this recession i...

  4. 33 CFR 144.01-10 - Equipment for life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Equipment for life floats. 144.01... for life floats. (a) Each lifefloat shall be provided with a painter. This painter shall be a manila... 1/2 inch in diameter. (b) Each life float must have a water light of an approved automatic electric...

  5. 33 CFR 144.01-10 - Equipment for life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Equipment for life floats. 144.01... for life floats. (a) Each lifefloat shall be provided with a painter. This painter shall be a manila... 1/2 inch in diameter. (b) Each life float must have a water light of an approved automatic electric...

  6. 33 CFR 144.01-10 - Equipment for life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Equipment for life floats. 144.01... for life floats. (a) Each lifefloat shall be provided with a painter. This painter shall be a manila... 1/2 inch in diameter. (b) Each life float must have a water light of an approved automatic electric...

  7. 33 CFR 144.01-10 - Equipment for life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Equipment for life floats. 144.01... for life floats. (a) Each lifefloat shall be provided with a painter. This painter shall be a manila... 1/2 inch in diameter. (b) Each life float must have a water light of an approved automatic electric...

  8. 33 CFR 144.01-10 - Equipment for life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Equipment for life floats. 144.01... for life floats. (a) Each lifefloat shall be provided with a painter. This painter shall be a manila... 1/2 inch in diameter. (b) Each life float must have a water light of an approved automatic electric...

  9. The application of ceramsite ecological floating bed in aquaculture: its effects on water quality, phytoplankton, bacteria and fish production.

    PubMed

    Li, Xiao-Li; Marella, Thomas Kiran; Tao, Ling; Dai, Li-Li; Peng, Liang; Song, Chao-Feng; Li, Gu

    2018-06-01

    In recent years, biological floating bed technology has been applied increasingly in aquaculture ponds. In this study we developed a novel floating bed made from ceramsite and studied its effect on water quality, phytoplankton, bacteria and fish growth. Water quality was effectively regulated and controlled in ceramsite floating bed (CFB) ponds with an average transparency of 23.18 cm, ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) of 2.30 mg L -1 , total nitrogen (TN) of 5.09 mg L -1 and total phosphate (TP) of 1.32 mg L -1 which are lower than in control ponds without CFB. Increased phytoplankton species diversity, bacterial number, metabolic activity and microbial diversity was observed with CFB. At the end of growth stage, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was reduced with a total fish yield of 14,838 kg ha -1 at a survival rate of 77.2% in CFB ponds, which is significantly higher than control (P < 0.05). These results emphasize the potential of ecological floating bed to improve water quality, microalgal diversity, reduce the risk of harmful algal blooms and increase the number, activity and diversity of microorganisms as well as fish yield.

  10. Detection of Intermediate Mediterranean Waters in the Atlantic Ocean by ARGO Floats Data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Filyushkin, B. N.; Lebedev, K. V.; Kozhelupova, N. G.

    2017-11-01

    Peculiarities of the spatial distribution of intermediate Mediterranean waters (MW), which are the main source to maintain the heat and salt budgets at depths of 600-1500 m in the Atlantic Ocean, have been studied using the ARGO floats measurements database. About 75000 temperature and salinity profiles recorded by 900 ARGO floats in 2005-2014 in the Atlantic Ocean for latitudes from 20° to 50° N were used. To process these data, we used the ARGO-Based Model for Investigation of the Global Ocean (AMIGO). This technique allowed us for the first time to obtain a complete set of oceanographic characteristics up to a depth of 2000 m for different time averaging intervals (month, season, years). Joint analysis of the temperature, salinity, and velocity distributions at 700-1000 m depths made it possible to revise the distribution of MW and their penetration into the western part of the ocean across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). It is shown that at depths of 700 and 1000 m, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a barrier to advective propagation of salty waters (>35.5 PSU) to the west and is transparent to fragments of destroyed intrathermocline lenses (ITL) with lower salinity (<35.4 PSU). In the Atlantic region, from 20° to 35° N and from 30° to 70° W, individual lens profiles with an anomalous salinity distribution were sought using ARGO measurements to detect ITL and its separate fragments. About 24 000 measurements from 370 ARGO floats were analyzed, and only about 3% of them showed weak salinity anomalies at 800-1200 m depths. No ITL were found from these observations. Analysis of long-term drifting of individual floats recording temperature and salinity profiles with anomalous layers made it possible to study the nature of MW transport through the MAR.

  11. A 3-D SPH model for simulating water flooding of a damaged floating structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Kai; Sun, Peng-nan; Cao, Xue-yan; Huang, Xiao

    2017-10-01

    With the quasi-static analysis method, the terminal floating state of a damaged ship is usually evaluated for the risk assessment. But this is not enough since the ship has the possibility to lose its stability during the transient flooding process. Therefore, an enhanced smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model is applied in this paper to investigate the response of a simplified cabin model under the condition of the transient water flooding. The enhanced SPH model is presented firstly including the governing equations, the diffusive terms, the boundary implementations and then an algorithm regarding the coupling motions of six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) between the structure and the fluid is described. In the numerical results, a non-damaged cabin floating under the rest condition is simulated. It is shown that a stable floating state can be reached and maintained by using the present SPH scheme. After that, three-dimensional (3-D) test cases of the damaged cabin with a hole at different locations are simulated. A series of model tests are also carried out for the validation. Fairly good agreements are achieved between the numerical results and the experimental data. Relevant conclusions are drawn with respect to the mechanism of the responses of the damaged cabin model under water flooding conditions.

  12. Biotransformation of arsenite and bacterial aox activity in drinking water produced from surface water of floating houses: Arsenic contamination in Cambodia.

    PubMed

    Chang, Jin-Soo

    2015-11-01

    The potential arsenite bioteansformation activity of arsenic was investigated by examining bacterial arsenic arsenite-oxidizing gene such as aoxS, aoxR, aoxA, aoxB, aoxC, and aoxD in high arsenic-contaminated drinking water produced from the surface water of floating houses. There is a biogeochemical cycle of activity involving arsenite oxidase aox system and the ars (arsenic resistance system) gene operon and aoxR leader gene activity in Alcaligenes faecalis SRR-11 and aoxS leader gene activity in Achromobacter xylosoxidans TSL-66. Batch experiments showed that SRR-11 and TSL-66 completely oxidized 1 mM of As (III) to As (V) within 35-40 h. The leaders of aoxS and aoxR are important for gene activity, and their effects in arsenic bioremediation and mobility in natural water has a significant ecological role because it allows arsenite oxidase in bacteria to control the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic-contaminated drinking water produced from surface water of floating houses. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Electrowetting in a water droplet with a movable floating substrate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shahzad, Amir; Masud, A. R.; Song, Jang-Kun

    2016-05-01

    Electrowetting (EW) enables facile manipulation of a liquid droplet on a hydrophobic surface. In this study, manipulation of an electrolyte droplet having a small floating object on it was investigated on a solid hydrophobic substrate under the EW process. Herein, the floating object exhibited a vertical motion under an applied electric field owing to the spreading and contraction of the droplet on its connecting substrates. The field-induced height variation of the floating object was significantly influenced by the thicknesses of the dielectric and hydrophobic materials. A small mass was also placed on the top floating object and its effect on the spreading of the droplet was observed. In this system, the height of the top floating object is precisely controllable under the application of an electric voltage. The proposed system is expected to be highly useful in the design of nano- and micro-oscillatory systems for microengineering.

  14. Electrowetting in a water droplet with a movable floating substrate.

    PubMed

    Shahzad, Amir; Masud, A R; Song, Jang-Kun

    2016-05-01

    Electrowetting (EW) enables facile manipulation of a liquid droplet on a hydrophobic surface. In this study, manipulation of an electrolyte droplet having a small floating object on it was investigated on a solid hydrophobic substrate under the EW process. Herein, the floating object exhibited a vertical motion under an applied electric field owing to the spreading and contraction of the droplet on its connecting substrates. The field-induced height variation of the floating object was significantly influenced by the thicknesses of the dielectric and hydrophobic materials. A small mass was also placed on the top floating object and its effect on the spreading of the droplet was observed. In this system, the height of the top floating object is precisely controllable under the application of an electric voltage. The proposed system is expected to be highly useful in the design of nano- and micro-oscillatory systems for microengineering.

  15. Enhanced load-carrying capacity of hairy surfaces floating on water.

    PubMed

    Xue, Yahui; Yuan, Huijing; Su, Weidong; Shi, Yipeng; Duan, Huiling

    2014-05-08

    Water repellency of hairy surfaces depends on the geometric arrangement of these hairs and enables different applications in both nature and engineering. We investigate the mechanism and optimization of a hairy surface floating on water to obtain its maximum load-carrying capacity by the free energy and force analyses. It is demonstrated that there is an optimum cylinder spacing, as a result of the compromise between the vertical capillary force and the gravity, so that the hairy surface has both high load-carrying capacity and mechanical stability. Our analysis makes it clear that the setae on water striders' legs or some insects' wings are in such an optimized geometry. Moreover, it is shown that surface hydrophobicity can further increase the capacity of a hairy surface with thick cylinders, while the influence is negligible when the cylinders are thin.

  16. Enhanced load-carrying capacity of hairy surfaces floating on water

    PubMed Central

    Xue, Yahui; Yuan, Huijing; Su, Weidong; Shi, Yipeng; Duan, Huiling

    2014-01-01

    Water repellency of hairy surfaces depends on the geometric arrangement of these hairs and enables different applications in both nature and engineering. We investigate the mechanism and optimization of a hairy surface floating on water to obtain its maximum load-carrying capacity by the free energy and force analyses. It is demonstrated that there is an optimum cylinder spacing, as a result of the compromise between the vertical capillary force and the gravity, so that the hairy surface has both high load-carrying capacity and mechanical stability. Our analysis makes it clear that the setae on water striders' legs or some insects' wings are in such an optimized geometry. Moreover, it is shown that surface hydrophobicity can further increase the capacity of a hairy surface with thick cylinders, while the influence is negligible when the cylinders are thin. PMID:24808757

  17. 33 CFR 144.01-5 - Location and launching of life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Location and launching of life floats. 144.01-5 Section 144.01-5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Location and launching of life floats. The life floats shall be distributed in accessible locations and...

  18. 33 CFR 144.01-5 - Location and launching of life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Location and launching of life floats. 144.01-5 Section 144.01-5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Location and launching of life floats. The life floats shall be distributed in accessible locations and...

  19. The NACA Impact Basin and Water Landing Tests of a Float Model at Various Velocities and Weights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Batterson, Sidney A

    1944-01-01

    The first data obtained in the United States under the controlled testing conditions necessary for establishing relationships among the numerous parameters involved when a float having both horizontal and vertical velocity contacts a water surface are presented. The data were obtained at the NACA impact basin. The report is confined to a presentation of the relationship between resultant velocity and impact normal acceleration for various float weights when all other parameters are constant. Analysis of the experimental results indicated that the maximum impact normal acceleration was proportional to the square of the resultant velocity, that increases in float weight resulted in decreases in the maximum impact normal acceleration, and that an increase in the flight-path angle caused increased impact normal acceleration.

  20. 14 CFR 23.533 - Hull and main float bottom pressures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Water Loads § 23.533 Hull and main float bottom pressures. (a) General. The hull and main float...=seaplane stalling speed (knots) at the design water takeoff weight with flaps extended in the appropriate...) at the design water takeoff weight with flaps extended in the appropriate takeoff position; and β...

  1. 14 CFR 23.533 - Hull and main float bottom pressures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Water Loads § 23.533 Hull and main float bottom pressures. (a) General. The hull and main float...=seaplane stalling speed (knots) at the design water takeoff weight with flaps extended in the appropriate...) at the design water takeoff weight with flaps extended in the appropriate takeoff position; and β...

  2. Tidal Energy Conversion Installation at an Estuarine Bridge Site: Resource Evaluation and Energy Production Estimate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wosnik, M.; Gagnon, I.; Baldwin, K.; Bell, E.

    2015-12-01

    The "Living Bridge" project aims to create a self-diagnosing, self-reporting "smart bridge" powered by a local renewable energy source, tidal energy - transforming Memorial Bridge, a vertical lift bridge over the tidal Piscataqua River connecting Portsmouth, NH and Kittery, ME, into a living laboratory for researchers, engineers, scientists, and the community. The Living Bridge project includes the installation of a tidal turbine at the Memorial Bridge. The energy converted by the turbine will power structural health monitoring, environmental and underwater instrumentation. Utilizing locally available tidal energy can make bridge operation more sustainable, can "harden" transportation infrastructure against prolonged grid outages and can demonstrate a prototype of an "estuarine bridge of the future". A spatio-temporal tidal energy resource assessment was performed using long term bottom-deployed Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) at two locations: near the planned deployment location in 2013-14 for 123 days and mid-channel in 2007 for 35 days. Data were evaluated to determine the amount of available kinetic energy that can be converted into usable electrical energy on the bridge. Changes in available kinetic energy with ebb/flood and spring/neap tidal cycles and electrical energy demand were analyzed. The target deployment site exhibited significantly more energetic ebb tides than flood tides, which can be explained by the local bathymetry of the tidal estuary. A system model is used to calculate the net energy savings using various tidal generator and battery bank configurations. Different resource evaluation methodologies were also analyzed, e.g., using a representative ADCP "bin" vs. a more refined, turbine-geometry-specific methodology, and using static bin height vs. bin height that move w.r.t. the free surface throughout a tidal cycle (representative of a bottom-fixed or floating turbine deployment, respectively). ADCP operating frequencies and bin

  3. How Does the Gibbs Inequality Condition Affect the Stability and Detachment of Floating Spheres from the Free Surface of Water?

    PubMed

    Feng, Dong-xia; Nguyen, Anh V

    2016-03-01

    Floating objects on the air-water interfaces are central to a number of everyday activities, from walking on water by insects to flotation separation of valuable minerals using air bubbles. The available theories show that a fine sphere can float if the force of surface tension and buoyancies can support the sphere at the interface with an apical angle subtended by the circle of contact being larger than the contact angle. Here we show that the pinning of the contact line at the sharp edge, known as the Gibbs inequality condition, also plays a significant role in controlling the stability and detachment of floating spheres. Specifically, we truncated the spheres with different angles and used a force sensor device to measure the force of pushing the truncated spheres from the interface into water. We also developed a theoretical modeling to calculate the pushing force that in combination with experimental results shows different effects of the Gibbs inequality condition on the stability and detachment of the spheres from the water surface. For small angles of truncation, the Gibbs inequality condition does not affect the sphere detachment, and hence the classical theories on the floatability of spheres are valid. For large truncated angles, the Gibbs inequality condition determines the tenacity of the particle-meniscus contact and the stability and detachment of floating spheres. In this case, the classical theories on the floatability of spheres are no longer valid. A critical truncated angle for the transition from the classical to the Gibbs inequality regimes of detachment was also established. The outcomes of this research advance our understanding of the behavior of floating objects, in particular, the flotation separation of valuable minerals, which often contain various sharp edges of their crystal faces.

  4. The annual cycle of nitrate and net community production in surface waters of the Southern Ocean observed with SOCCOM profiling floats

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Johnson, K. S.; Plant, J. N.; Sakamoto, C.; Coletti, L. J.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Riser, S.; Talley, L. D.

    2016-12-01

    Sixty profiling floats with ISUS and SUNA nitrate sensors have been deployed in the Southern Ocean (south of 30 degrees S) as part of the SOCCOM (Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling) program and earlier efforts. These floats have produced detailed records of the annual cycle of nitrate concentration throughout the region from the surface to depths near 2000 m. In surface waters, there are clear cycles in nitrate concentration that result from uptake of nitrate during austral spring and summer. These changes in nitrate concentration were used to compute the annual net community production over this region. NCP was computed using a simplified version of the approach detailed by Plant et al. (2016, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30, 859-879, DOI: 10.1002/2015GB005349). At the time the abstract was written 41 complete annual cycles were available from floats deployed before the austral summer of 2015/2016. After filtering the data to remove floats that crossed distinct frontal boundaries, floats with other anomalies, and floats in sub-tropical waters, 23 cycles were available. A preliminary assessment of the data yields an NCP of 2.8 +/- 0.95 (1 SD) mol C/m2/y after integrating to 100 m depth and converting nitrate uptake to carbon using the Redfield ratio. This preliminary assessment ignores vertical transport across the nitracline and is, therefore, a minimum estimate. The number of cycles available for analysis will increase rapidly, as 32 of the floats were deployed in the austral summer of 2015/2016 and have not yet been analyzed.

  5. 33 CFR 144.01-15 - Alternates for life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Alternates for life floats. 144... for life floats. (a) Approved lifeboats, approved life rafts or approved inflatable life rafts may be used in lieu of approved life floats for either all or part of the capacity required. When either...

  6. 33 CFR 144.01-15 - Alternates for life floats.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Alternates for life floats. 144... for life floats. (a) Approved lifeboats, approved life rafts or approved inflatable life rafts may be used in lieu of approved life floats for either all or part of the capacity required. When either...

  7. A new perspective on origin of the East Sea Intermediate Water: Observations of Argo floats

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Park, JongJin; Lim, Byunghwan

    2018-01-01

    The East Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW), defined as the salinity minimum in the East Sea (hereafter ES) (Sea of Japan), is examined with respect to its overall characteristics and its low salinity origin using historical Argo float data from 1999 to 2015. Our findings suggest that the ESIW is formed in the western Japan Basin (40-42°N, 130-133°E), especially west of the North Korean front in North Korean waters, where strong negative surface wind stress curl resides in wintertime. The core ESIW near the formation site has temperatures of 3-4 °C and less than 33.98 psu salinity, warmer and fresher than that in the southern part of the ES. In order to trace the origin of the warmer and fresher water at the sea surface in winter, we analyzed the data in three different ways: (1) spatial distribution of surface water properties using monthly climatology from the Argo float data, (2) seasonal variation of heat and salt contents at the formation site, and (3) backtracking of surface drifter trajectories. Based on these analyses, it is likely that the warmer and fresher surface water properties found in the ESIW formation site are attributed to the low-salinity surface water advected from the southern part of the ES in autumn.

  8. First Autonomous Bio-Optical Profiling Float in the Gulf of Mexico Reveals Dynamic Biogeochemistry in Deep Waters

    PubMed Central

    Green, Rebecca E.; Bower, Amy S.; Lugo-Fernández, Alexis

    2014-01-01

    Profiling floats equipped with bio-optical sensors well complement ship-based and satellite ocean color measurements by providing highly-resolved time-series data on the vertical structure of biogeochemical processes in oceanic waters. This is the first study to employ an autonomous profiling (APEX) float in the Gulf of Mexico for measuring spatiotemporal variability in bio-optics and hydrography. During the 17-month deployment (July 2011 to December 2012), the float mission collected profiles of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, particulate backscattering (bbp), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence from the ocean surface to a depth of 1,500 m. Biogeochemical variability was characterized by distinct depth trends and local “hot spots”, including impacts from mesoscale processes associated with each of the water masses sampled, from ambient deep waters over the Florida Plain, into the Loop Current, up the Florida Canyon, and eventually into the Florida Straits. A deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) occurred between 30 and 120 m, with the DCM depth significantly related to the unique density layer ρ = 1023.6 (R2 = 0.62). Particulate backscattering, bbp, demonstrated multiple peaks throughout the water column, including from phytoplankton, deep scattering layers, and resuspension. The bio-optical relationship developed between bbp and chlorophyll (R2 = 0.49) was compared to a global relationship and could significantly improve regional ocean-color algorithms. Photooxidation and autochthonous production contributed to CDOM distributions in the upper water column, whereas in deep water, CDOM behaved as a semi-conservative tracer of water masses, demonstrating a tight relationship with density (R2 = 0.87). In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, this research lends support to the use of autonomous drifting profilers as a powerful tool for consideration in the design of an expanded and integrated observing network

  9. Atmospheric exchange of carbon dioxide and methane of a small water body and a floating mat in the Luther Marsh peatland, Ontario, Canada

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Burger, Magdalena; Berger, Sina; Blodau, Christian

    2015-04-01

    Recent investigations have suggested that small water bodies cover larger areas in northern peatlands than previously assumed. Their role in the carbon cycle and gas exchange rates are poorly constrained so far. To address this issue we measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes on a small water body (ca. 700 m2) and the surrounding floating mat in the Luther Marsh peatland in Ontario, Canada from July to September 2014. To this end we used closed chambers combined with a portable Los Gatos high-resolution trace gas analyzer at different water depths and distances from the shore on the pond and with different dominating plant types on the floating mat surrounding the pond. In addition, CO2 concentrations were recorded in high temporal resolution using an infrared sensor system during selected periods. Air and water temperature, humidity and temperature of the floating mat, wind speed and direction, photosynthetically active radiation, air pressure and relative humidity were also recorded as auxiliary data at the study site. The results show that pond and floating mat were sources of methane throughout the whole measuring period. Methane emissions via the ebullition pathway occurred predominantly near the shore and on the floating mat. During the daytime measurements the floating mat acted as a net sink and the pond as a net source of CO2. The dynamics of CO2 exchange was also strongly time dependent, as CO2 emissions from the pond strongly increased after mid-August. This suggests that photosynthesis was more affected by seasonal decline than respiration process in the pond and that the allochthonous component of the CO2 flux increased in relative importance towards fall.

  10. Characterization of cement float buoyancy in the stalked barnacle Dosima fascicularis (Crustacea, Cirripedia).

    PubMed

    Zheden, Vanessa; Kovalev, Alexander; Gorb, Stanislav N; Klepal, Waltraud

    2015-02-06

    Dosima fascicularis is the only barnacle which can drift autonomously at the water surface with a foam-like cement float. The cement secreted by the animal contains numerous gas-filled cells of different size. When several individuals share one float, their size and not their number is crucial for the production of both volume and mass of the float. The gas content within the cells of the foam gives positive static buoyancy to the whole float. The volume of the float, the gas volume and the positive static buoyancy are positively correlated. The density of the cement float without gas is greater than that of seawater. This study shows that the secreted cement consists of more than 90% water and the gas volume is on average 18.5%. Our experiments demonstrate that the intact foam-like cement float is sealed to the surrounding water.

  11. Characterization of cement float buoyancy in the stalked barnacle Dosima fascicularis (Crustacea, Cirripedia)

    PubMed Central

    Zheden, Vanessa; Kovalev, Alexander; Gorb, Stanislav N.; Klepal, Waltraud

    2015-01-01

    Dosima fascicularis is the only barnacle which can drift autonomously at the water surface with a foam-like cement float. The cement secreted by the animal contains numerous gas-filled cells of different size. When several individuals share one float, their size and not their number is crucial for the production of both volume and mass of the float. The gas content within the cells of the foam gives positive static buoyancy to the whole float. The volume of the float, the gas volume and the positive static buoyancy are positively correlated. The density of the cement float without gas is greater than that of seawater. This study shows that the secreted cement consists of more than 90% water and the gas volume is on average 18.5%. Our experiments demonstrate that the intact foam-like cement float is sealed to the surrounding water. PMID:25657839

  12. Influence of different types of low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose on tableting, disintegration, and floating behaviour of floating drug delivery systems

    PubMed Central

    Diós, Péter; Pernecker, Tivadar; Nagy, Sándor; Pál, Szilárd; Dévay, Attila

    2014-01-01

    The object of the present study is to evaluate the effect of application of low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC) 11 and B1 as excipients promoting floating in gastroretentive tablets. Directly compressed tablets were formed based on experimental design. Face-centred central composite design was applied with two factors and 3 levels, where amount of sodium alginate (X1) and L-HPC (X2) were the numerical factors. Applied types of L-HPCs and their 1:1 mixture were included in a categorical factor (X3). Studied parameters were floating lag time, floating time, floating force, swelling behaviour of tablets and dissolution of paracetamol, which was used as a model active substance. Due to their physical character, L-HPCs had different water uptake and flowability. Lower flowability and lower water uptake was observed after 60 min at L-HPC 11 compared to L-HPC B1. Shorter floating times were detected at L-HPC 11 and L-HPC mixtures with 0.5% content of sodium alginate, whereas alginate was the only significant factor. Evaluating results of drug release and swelling studies on floating tablets revealed correlation, which can serve to help to understand the mechanism of action of L-HPCs in the field development of gastroretentive dosage forms. PMID:26702261

  13. Ignition of an organic water-coal fuel droplet floating in a heated-air flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Valiullin, T. R.; Strizhak, P. A.; Shevyrev, S. A.; Bogomolov, A. R.

    2017-01-01

    Ignition of an organic water-coal fuel (CWSP) droplet floating in a heated-air flow has been studied experimentally. Rank B2 brown-coal particles with a size of 100 μm, used crankcase Total oil, water, and a plasticizer were used as the main CWSP components. A dedicated quartz-glass chamber has been designed with inlet and outlet elements made as truncated cones connected via a cylindrical ring. The cones were used to shape an oxidizer flow with a temperature of 500-830 K and a flow velocity of 0.5-5.0 m/s. A technique that uses a coordinate-positioning gear, a nichrome thread, and a cutter element has been developed for discharging CWSP droplets into the working zone of the chamber. Droplets with an initial size of 0.4 to 2.0 mm were used. Conditions have been determined for a droplet to float in the oxidizer flow long enough for the sustainable droplet burning to be initiated. Typical stages and integral ignition characteristics have been established. The integral parameters (ignition-delay times) of the examined processes have been compared to the results of experiments with CWSP droplets suspended on the junction of a quick-response thermocouple. It has been shown that floating fuel droplets ignite much quicker than the ones that sit still on the thermocouple due to rotation of an CWSP droplet in the oxidizer flow, more uniform heating of the droplet, and lack of heat drainage towards the droplet center. High-speed video recording of the peculiarities of floatation of a burning fuel droplet makes it possible to complement the existing models of water-coal fuel burning. The results can be used for a more substantiated modeling of furnace CWSP burning with the ANSYS, Fluent, and Sigma-Flow software packages.

  14. 22. Float located adjacent to entry stair in filtration bed. ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    22. Float located adjacent to entry stair in filtration bed. The float actuates a valve that maintains water level over the bed. - Lake Whitney Water Filtration Plant, Filtration Plant, South side of Armory Street between Edgehill Road & Whitney Avenue, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

  15. WindFloat Pacific Project, Final Scientific and Technical Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Banister, Kevin

    2017-01-17

    PPI’s WindFloat Pacific project (WFP) was an up to 30 MW floating offshore wind demonstration project proposed off the Coast of Oregon. The project was to be sited approximately 18 miles due west of Coos Bay, in over 1000 ft. of water, and is the first floating offshore wind array proposed in the United States, and the first offshore wind project of any kind proposed off the West Coast. PPI’s WindFloat, a semi-submersible foundation designed for high-capacity (6MW+) offshore wind turbines, is at the heart of the proposed project, and enables access to the world class wind resource at themore » project site and, equally, to other deep water, high wind resource areas around the country.« less

  16. Identification of mothball powder composition by float tests and melting point tests.

    PubMed

    Tang, Ka Yuen

    2018-07-01

    The aim of the study was to identify the composition, as either camphor, naphthalene, or paradichlorobenzene, of mothballs in the form of powder or tiny fragments by float tests and melting point tests. Naphthalene, paradichlorobenzene and camphor mothballs were blended into powder and tiny fragments (with sizes <1/10 of the size of an intact mothball). In the float tests, the mothball powder and tiny fragments were placed in water, saturated salt solution and 50% dextrose solution (D50), and the extent to which they floated or sank in the liquids was observed. In the melting point tests, the mothball powder and tiny fragments were placed in hot water with a temperature between 53 and 80 °C, and the extent to which they melted was observed. Both the float and melting point tests were then repeated using intact mothballs. Three emergency physicians blinded to the identities of samples and solutions visually evaluated each sample. In the float tests, paradichlorobenzene powder partially floated and partially sank in all three liquids, while naphthalene powder partially floated and partially sank in water. Naphthalene powder did not sink in D50 or saturated salt solution. Camphor powder floated in all three liquids. Float tests identified the compositions of intact mothball accurately. In the melting point tests, paradichlorobenzene powder melted completely in hot water within 1 min while naphthalene powder and camphor powder did not melt. The melted portions of paradichlorobenzene mothballs were sometimes too small to be observed in 1 min but the mothballs either partially or completely melted in 5 min. Both camphor and naphthalene intact mothballs did not melt in hot water. For mothball powder, the melting point tests were more accurate than the float tests in differentiating between paradichlorobenzene and non-paradichlorobenzene (naphthalene or camphor). For intact mothballs, float tests performed better than melting point tests. Float tests can

  17. Floating marine debris in coastal waters of the SE-Pacific (Chile).

    PubMed

    Thiel, M; Hinojosa, I; Vásquez, N; Macaya, E

    2003-02-01

    Herein we report on the abundance and composition of floating marine debris (FMD) in coastal waters of the SE-Pacific (off the Chilean coast) during the austral summer 2002. The observed FMD consisted mainly of plastic material (86.9%). Densities of FMD were highest between 20 degrees S and 40 degrees S, corresponding to the main concentrations of human population and activities. Low densities of FMD were found in the south between 40 degrees S and 50 degrees S (<1 item km(-2)). Generally, the highest densities were recorded in nearshore waters of major port cities (>20 items km(-2)), but occasionally high concentrations of debris were also found 50 km offshore. Densities of FMD in coastal waters of the SE-Pacific are of similar magnitudes as those found in coastal waters or inland seas of highly populated regions in the northern hemisphere, indicating the need for improved regulation and legislation in the countries of the SE-Pacific.

  18. Shockwave generation by a semiconductor bridge operation in water

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zvulun, E.; Toker, G.; Gurovich, V. Tz.

    2014-05-28

    A semiconductor bridge (SCB) is a silicon device, used in explosive systems as the electrical initiator element. In recent years, SCB plasma has been extensively studied, both electrically and using fast photography and spectroscopic imaging. However, the value of the pressure buildup at the bridge remains unknown. In this study, we operated SCB devices in water and, using shadow imaging and reference beam interferometry, obtained the velocity of the shock wave propagation and distribution of the density of water. These results, together with a self-similar hydrodynamic model, were used to calculate the pressure generated by the exploding SCB. In addition,more » the results obtained showed that the energy of the water flow exceeds significantly the energy deposited into the exploded SCB. The latter can be explained by the combustion of the aluminum and silicon atoms released in water, which acts as an oxidizing medium.« less

  19. Floating Solar Photovoltaics Gaining Ground | State, Local, and Tribal

    Science.gov Websites

    Gaining Ground January 24, 2017 by Alison Holm Floating solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, so-called flotovoltaics (a trademarked term) or floating solar, represent an emerging application in which PV panels are sited on bodies of water. The PV panel technology used for floating solar applications is very similar

  20. Quantum Calculations on Salt Bridges with Water: Potentials, Structure, and Properties

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liao, Sing; Green, Michael E.

    2011-01-01

    Salt bridges are electrostatic links between acidic and basic amino acids in a protein; quantum calculations are used here to determine the energetics and other properties of one form of these species, in the presence of water molecules. The acidic groups are carboxylic acids (aspartic and glutamic acids); proteins have two bases with pK above physiological pH: one, arginine, with a guanidinium basic group, the other lysine, which is a primary amine. Only arginine is modeled here, by ethyl guanidinium, while propionic acid is used as a model for either carboxylic acid. The salt bridges are accompanied by 0-12 watermore » molecules; for each of the 13 systems, the energy-bond distance relation, natural bond orbitals (NBO), frequency calculations allowing thermodynamic corrections to room temperature, and dielectric constant dependence, were all calculated. The water molecules were found to arrange themselves in hydrogen bonded rings anchored to the oxygens of the salt bridge components. This was not surprising in itself, but it was found that the rings lead to a periodicity in the energy, and to a 'water addition' rule. The latter shows that the initial rings, with four oxygen atoms, become five member rings when an additional water molecule becomes available, with the additional water filling in at the bond with the lowest Wiberg index, as calculated using NBO. The dielectric constant dependence is the expected hyperbola, and the fit of the energy to the inverse dielectric constant is determined. There is an energy periodicity related to ring formation upon addition of water molecules. When 10 water molecules have been added, all spaces near the salt bridge are filled, completing the first hydration shell, and a second shell starts to form. The potentials associated with salt bridges depend on their hydration, and potentials assigned without regard to local hydration are likely to cause errors as large as or larger than kBT, thus suggesting a serious problem if

  1. Influence of Thermocapillary Flow on Capillary Stability: Long Float-Zones in Low Gravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chen, Yi-Ju; Steen, Paul H.

    1996-01-01

    A model problem is posed to study the influence of flow on the interfacial stability of a nearly cylindrical liquid bridge for lengths near its circumference (the Plateau-Rayleigh limit). The flow is generated by a shear stress imposed on the deformable interface. The symmetry of the imposed shear stress mimics the thermocapillary stress induced on a float-zone by a ring heater (i.e. a full zone). Principal assumptions are (1) zero gravity, (2) creeping flow, and (3) that the imposed coupling at the free surface between flow and temperature fields is the only such coupling. A numerical solution, complemented by a bifurcation analysis, shows that bridges substantially longer than the Plateau-Rayleigh limit are possible. An interaction of the first two capillary instabilities through the stress-induced flow is responsible. Time-periodic standing waves are also predicted in certain parameter ranges. Motivation comes from extra-long float-zones observed in MEPHISTO space lab experiments (June 1994).

  2. 14 CFR 23.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull and main float landing conditions. 23... Water Loads § 23.529 Hull and main float landing conditions. (a) Symmetrical step, bow, and stern... directed perpendicularly to the keel line. (b) Unsymmetrical landing for hull and single float seaplanes...

  3. Bridge pressure flow scour for clear water conditions

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-10-01

    The equilibrium scour at a bridge caused by pressure flow with critical approach velocity in clear-water simulation conditions was studied both analytically and experimentally. The flume experiments revealed that (1) the measured equilibrium scour pr...

  4. Floating elementary osmotic pump tablet (FEOPT) for controlled delivery of diethylcarbamazine citrate: a water-soluble drug.

    PubMed

    Khan, Zulfequar Ahamad; Tripathi, Rahul; Mishra, Brahmeshwar

    2011-12-01

    The present work investigates the feasibility of the design of a novel floating elementary osmotic pump tablet (FEOPT) to prolong the gastric residence of a highly water-soluble drug. Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) was chosen as a model drug. The FEOPT consisted of an osmotic core (DEC, mannitol, and hydrophilic polymers) coated with a semipermeable layer (cellulose acetate) and a gas-generating gelling layer (sodium bicarbonate, hydrophilic polymers) followed by a polymeric film (Eudragit RL 30D). The effect of formulation variables such as concentration of polymers, types of diluent, and coat thickness of semipermeable membrane was evaluated in terms of physical parameters, floating lag time, duration of floatation, and in vitro drug release. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out to study the physicochemical changes in the drug excipients powder blend. The integrity of the orifice and polymeric film layer was confirmed from scanning electron microscopy image. All the developed FEOPT showed floating lag time of less than 8 min and floating duration of 24 h. A zero-order drug release could be attained for DEC. The formulations were found to be stable up to 3 months of stability testing at 40°C/75% relative humidity.

  5. Wave excited motion of a body floating on water confined between two semi-infinite ice sheets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ren, K.; Wu, G. X.; Thomas, G. A.

    2016-12-01

    The wave excited motion of a body floating on water confined between two semi-infinite ice sheets is investigated. The ice sheet is treated as an elastic thin plate and water is treated as an ideal and incompressible fluid. The linearized velocity potential theory is adopted in the frequency domain and problems are solved by the method of matched eigenfunctions expansion. The fluid domain is divided into sub-regions and in each sub-region the velocity potential is expanded into a series of eigenfunctions satisfying the governing equation and the boundary conditions on horizontal planes including the free surface and ice sheets. Matching is conducted at the interfaces of two neighbouring regions to ensure the continuity of the pressure and velocity, and the unknown coefficients in the expressions are obtained as a result. The behaviour of the added mass and damping coefficients of the floating body with the effect of the ice sheets and the excitation force are analysed. They are found to vary oscillatorily with the wave number, which is different from that for a floating body in the open sea. The motion of the body confined between ice sheets is investigated, in particular its resonant behaviour with extremely large motion found to be possible under certain conditions. Standing waves within the polynya are also observed.

  6. 18 CFR 1304.400 - Flotation devices and material, all floating structures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... material, all floating structures. 1304.400 Section 1304.400 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... STRUCTURES AND OTHER ALTERATIONS Miscellaneous § 1304.400 Flotation devices and material, all floating structures. (a) All flotation for docks, boat mooring buoys, and other water-use structures and facilities...

  7. 18 CFR 1304.400 - Flotation devices and material, all floating structures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... material, all floating structures. 1304.400 Section 1304.400 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... STRUCTURES AND OTHER ALTERATIONS Miscellaneous § 1304.400 Flotation devices and material, all floating structures. (a) All flotation for docks, boat mooring buoys, and other water-use structures and facilities...

  8. 18 CFR 1304.400 - Flotation devices and material, all floating structures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... material, all floating structures. 1304.400 Section 1304.400 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... STRUCTURES AND OTHER ALTERATIONS Miscellaneous § 1304.400 Flotation devices and material, all floating structures. (a) All flotation for docks, boat mooring buoys, and other water-use structures and facilities...

  9. 75 FR 49408 - Navigation and Navigable Waters; Technical, Organizational, and Conforming Amendments, Bridges

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-13

    ... Conforming Amendments, Bridges AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule makes non... technical corrections to Coast Guard bridge and navigable waters regulations. This rule will have no... announces or gathers public opinion or other information regarding bridge matters, nor will it change the...

  10. Use of surface-geophysical methods to assess riverbed scour at bridge piers

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gorin, S.R.; Haeni, F.P.

    1989-01-01

    A ground-penetrating-radar system, and three seismic systems--color fathometer, tuned transducer, and black-and-white fathometer--were used to evaluate river-bed scour at the Charter Oak, Founder 's and Bulkeley Bridges in Hartford, Connecticut. Cross-sections of the channel and some lateral sections were run at each bridge in June and July 1987, and significant scour at piers supporting each of these bridges was recorded. Each of the four geophysical systems proved to have advantages and limitations. The ground penetrating radar system used single and dual 80 megahertz antennae floating in the water to transmit and receive the signal. The method was successful in water less than 25 ft deep, and in resistive earth materials. The geometry of existing scour holes and the extent of post-scour sedimentation were clearly defined. The color fathometer, operating at a signal frequency of 20 kilohertz, delineated existing scour-hole geometry, detected infilling of scour holes, and provided qualitative information about the physical properties of sediments. The tuned transducer, operating at a signal frequency of 14 kilohertz, defined scour-hole geometry and the extent of post-scour sediment deposition. Both of these systems were effective in water greater than 5 ft deep. At a signal frequency of 200 kilohertz, the black-and-white fathometer could not penetrate post-scour deposits, but it was useful in defining existing scour-holed geometry in water of any depth. (USGS)

  11. 14 CFR 23.527 - Hull and main float load factors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull and main float load factors. 23.527... Water Loads § 23.527 Hull and main float load factors. (a) Water reaction load factors nw must be...=seaplane landing weight in pounds. (6) K1=empirical hull station weighing factor, in accordance with figure...

  12. Discussion on runoff purification technology of highway bridge deck based on water quality safety

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tan, Sheng-guang; Liu, Xue-xin; Zou, Guo-ping; Xiong, Xin-zhu; Tao, Shuang-cheng

    2018-06-01

    Aiming at the actual problems existing, including a poor purification effect of highway bridge runoff collection and treatment system across sensitive water and necessary manual emergency operation, three kinds of technology, three pools system of bridge runoff purification, the integral pool of bridge runoff purification and ecological planting tank, are put forward by optimizing the structure of purification unit and system setting. At the same time, we come up with an emergency strategy for hazardous material leakage basing on automatic identification and remote control of traffic accidents. On the basis of combining these with the optimized pool structure, sensitive water safety can be guaranteed and water pollution, from directly discharging of bridge runoff, can be decreased. For making up for the shortages of green highway construction technology, the technique has important reference value.

  13. Use of Chironomidae (Diptera) Surface-Floating Pupal Exuviae as a Rapid Bioassessment Protocol for Water Bodies.

    PubMed

    Kranzfelder, Petra; Anderson, Alyssa M; Egan, Alexander T; Mazack, Jane E; Bouchard, R William; Rufer, Moriya M; Ferrington, Leonard C

    2015-07-24

    Rapid bioassessment protocols using benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages have been successfully used to assess human impacts on water quality. Unfortunately, traditional benthic larval sampling methods, such as the dip-net, can be time-consuming and expensive. An alternative protocol involves collection of Chironomidae surface-floating pupal exuviae (SFPE). Chironomidae is a species-rich family of flies (Diptera) whose immature stages typically occur in aquatic habitats. Adult chironomids emerge from the water, leaving their pupal skins, or exuviae, floating on the water's surface. Exuviae often accumulate along banks or behind obstructions by action of the wind or water current, where they can be collected to assess chironomid diversity and richness. Chironomids can be used as important biological indicators, since some species are more tolerant to pollution than others. Therefore, the relative abundance and species composition of collected SFPE reflect changes in water quality. Here, methods associated with field collection, laboratory processing, slide mounting, and identification of chironomid SFPE are described in detail. Advantages of the SFPE method include minimal disturbance at a sampling area, efficient and economical sample collection and laboratory processing, ease of identification, applicability in nearly all aquatic environments, and a potentially more sensitive measure of ecosystem stress. Limitations include the inability to determine larval microhabitat use and inability to identify pupal exuviae to species if they have not been associated with adult males.

  14. 18. Photocopy of photograph of WalpoleWestminster bridge at high water ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    18. Photocopy of photograph of Walpole-Westminster bridge at high water during flood of November, 1927; photograph from Walpole Historical Society scrapbook collection. View west: Walpole approach (railroad station and store) and Connecticut River at flood stage, November, 1927. - Walpole-Westminster Bridge, Spanning Connecticut River between Walpole, NH & Westminster, VT, Walpole, Cheshire County, NH

  15. Morphology-Induced Collective Behaviors: Dynamic Pattern Formation in Water-Floating Elements

    PubMed Central

    Nakajima, Kohei; Ngouabeu, Aubery Marchel Tientcheu; Miyashita, Shuhei; Göldi, Maurice; Füchslin, Rudolf Marcel; Pfeifer, Rolf

    2012-01-01

    Complex systems involving many interacting elements often organize into patterns. Two types of pattern formation can be distinguished, static and dynamic. Static pattern formation means that the resulting structure constitutes a thermodynamic equilibrium whose pattern formation can be understood in terms of the minimization of free energy, while dynamic pattern formation indicates that the system is permanently dissipating energy and not in equilibrium. In this paper, we report experimental results showing that the morphology of elements plays a significant role in dynamic pattern formation. We prepared three different shapes of elements (circles, squares, and triangles) floating in a water-filled container, in which each of the shapes has two types: active elements that were capable of self-agitation with vibration motors, and passive elements that were mere floating tiles. The system was purely decentralized: that is, elements interacted locally, and subsequently elicited global patterns in a process called self-organized segregation. We showed that, according to the morphology of the selected elements, a different type of segregation occurs. Also, we quantitatively characterized both the local interaction regime and the resulting global behavior for each type of segregation by means of information theoretic quantities, and showed the difference for each case in detail, while offering speculation on the mechanism causing this phenomenon. PMID:22715370

  16. Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Masoner, J.R.; Stannard, D.I.; Christenson, S.C.

    2008-01-01

    Research was conducted to develop a method for obtaining floating pan evaporation rates in a small (less than 10,000 m2) wetland, lagoon, or pond. Floating pan and land pan evaporation data were collected from March 1 to August 31, 2005, at a small natural wetland located in the alluvium of the Canadian River near Norman, Oklahoma, at the U.S. Geological Survey Norman Landfill Toxic Substances Hydrology Research Site. Floating pan evaporation rates were compared with evaporation rates from a nearby standard Class A evaporation pan on land. Floating pan evaporation rates were significantly less than land pan evaporation rates for the entire period and on a monthly basis. Results indicated that the use of a floating evaporation pan in a small free-water surface better simulates actual physical conditions on the water surface that control evaporation. Floating pan to land pan ratios were 0.82 for March, 0.87 for April, 0.85 for May, 0.85 for June, 0.79 for July, and 0.69 for August. ?? 2008 American Water Resources Association.

  17. Hydrodynamic and Aerodynamic Tests of Models of Floats for Single-float Seaplanes NACA Models 41-D, 41-E, 61-A, 73, and 73-A

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Parkinson, J B; HOUSE R O

    1938-01-01

    Tests were made in the NACA tank and in the NACA 7 by 10 foot wind tunnel on two models of transverse step floats and three models of pointed step floats considered to be suitable for use with single float seaplanes. The object of the program was the reduction of water resistance and spray of single float seaplanes without reducing the angle of dead rise believed to be necessary for the satisfactory absorption of the shock loads. The results indicated that all the models have less resistance and spray than the model of the Mark V float and that the pointed step floats are somewhat superior to the transverse step floats in these respects. Models 41-D, 61-A, and 73 were tested by the general method over a wide range of loads and speeds. The results are presented in the form of curves and charts for use in design calculations.

  18. Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

  19. A semi-floating gate memory based on van der Waals heterostructures for quasi-non-volatile applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Chunsen; Yan, Xiao; Song, Xiongfei; Ding, Shijin; Zhang, David Wei; Zhou, Peng

    2018-05-01

    As conventional circuits based on field-effect transistors are approaching their physical limits due to quantum phenomena, semi-floating gate transistors have emerged as an alternative ultrafast and silicon-compatible technology. Here, we show a quasi-non-volatile memory featuring a semi-floating gate architecture with band-engineered van der Waals heterostructures. This two-dimensional semi-floating gate memory demonstrates 156 times longer refresh time with respect to that of dynamic random access memory and ultrahigh-speed writing operations on nanosecond timescales. The semi-floating gate architecture greatly enhances the writing operation performance and is approximately 106 times faster than other memories based on two-dimensional materials. The demonstrated characteristics suggest that the quasi-non-volatile memory has the potential to bridge the gap between volatile and non-volatile memory technologies and decrease the power consumption required for frequent refresh operations, enabling a high-speed and low-power random access memory.

  20. Characterization of poly(vinyl acetate) based floating matrix tablets.

    PubMed

    Strübing, Sandra; Metz, Hendrik; Mäder, Karsten

    2008-03-03

    Floating Kollidon SR matrix tablets containing Propranolol HCl were developed and characterized with respect to drug release characteristics and floating strength. Kollidon SR was able to delay Propranolol HCl release efficiently. Drug release kinetics was evaluated using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and found to be governed by Fickian diffusion. Tablet floating started immediately and continued for 24 h. It was possible to monitor the floating strength of the matrix devices using a simple experimental setup. Floating strength was related to Kollidon SR level with improved floating characteristics for samples with a high polymer/drug ratio. Swelling characteristics of the tablets were analyzed by applying the equation according to Therien-Aubin et al. The influence of the polymer content on swelling characteristics was found to be only marginal. Furthermore, the new method of benchtop MRI was introduced to study the water diffusion and swelling behaviour non-invasively and continuously.

  1. Theory of the Maxwell pressure tensor and the tension in a water bridge.

    PubMed

    Widom, A; Swain, J; Silverberg, J; Sivasubramanian, S; Srivastava, Y N

    2009-07-01

    A water bridge refers to an experimental "flexible cable" made up of pure de-ionized water, which can hang across two supports maintained with a sufficiently large voltage difference. The resulting electric fields within the de-ionized water flexible cable maintain a tension that sustains the water against the downward force of gravity. A detailed calculation of the water bridge tension will be provided in terms of the Maxwell pressure tensor in a dielectric fluid medium. General properties of the dielectric liquid pressure tensor are discussed along with unusual features of dielectric fluid Bernoulli flows in an electric field. The "frictionless" Bernoulli flow is closely analogous to that of a superfluid.

  2. Underwater and Floating-Leaved Plants of the United States and Canada.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hotchkiss, Neil

    This is the third in a series of guides to the field identification of North American marsh and water plants. Described are plants which have foliage habitually under water or floating, or which have underwater or floating forms, and which have characteristics by which they can be distinguished with the naked eye. Where genera or species cannot be…

  3. 33 CFR 147.815 - ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.815 ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone. (a) Description. The ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility, Alaminos...

  4. 33 CFR 147.815 - ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.815 ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone. (a) Description. The ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility, Alaminos...

  5. 33 CFR 147.815 - ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.815 ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone. (a) Description. The ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility, Alaminos...

  6. 33 CFR 147.815 - ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.815 ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone. (a) Description. The ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility, Alaminos...

  7. Use of Chironomidae (Diptera) Surface-Floating Pupal Exuviae as a Rapid Bioassessment Protocol for Water Bodies

    PubMed Central

    Kranzfelder, Petra; Anderson, Alyssa M.; Egan, Alexander T.; Mazack, Jane E.; Bouchard,, R. William; Rufer, Moriya M.; Ferrington,, Leonard C.

    2015-01-01

    Rapid bioassessment protocols using benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages have been successfully used to assess human impacts on water quality. Unfortunately, traditional benthic larval sampling methods, such as the dip-net, can be time-consuming and expensive. An alternative protocol involves collection of Chironomidae surface-floating pupal exuviae (SFPE). Chironomidae is a species-rich family of flies (Diptera) whose immature stages typically occur in aquatic habitats. Adult chironomids emerge from the water, leaving their pupal skins, or exuviae, floating on the water’s surface. Exuviae often accumulate along banks or behind obstructions by action of the wind or water current, where they can be collected to assess chironomid diversity and richness. Chironomids can be used as important biological indicators, since some species are more tolerant to pollution than others. Therefore, the relative abundance and species composition of collected SFPE reflect changes in water quality. Here, methods associated with field collection, laboratory processing, slide mounting, and identification of chironomid SFPE are described in detail. Advantages of the SFPE method include minimal disturbance at a sampling area, efficient and economical sample collection and laboratory processing, ease of identification, applicability in nearly all aquatic environments, and a potentially more sensitive measure of ecosystem stress. Limitations include the inability to determine larval microhabitat use and inability to identify pupal exuviae to species if they have not been associated with adult males. PMID:26274889

  8. Terminator assembly for a floating structure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chiu, H.; Hall, J.E.

    1987-10-20

    A terminator assembly is described for use in mooring a floating surface to the floor of a body of water. The floating structure has has an upper support and a lower support, comprising: a hawsepipe extending downwardly from adjacent the upper support and supported by the lower support, a tension member extending downwardly from adjacent the upper support through the hawsepipe and the lower support. The tension member has a lower end adapted for connection to the floor of the body of water. Locking means connected to an upper portion of the tension member for maintaining the tension member inmore » tension by acting upon an upper portion of the hawsepipe without transferring primary tension load forces to the upper support.« less

  9. Punched belt hole position deviation analysis of float type water level gauge

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mao, Chunlei; Wang, Tao; Fu, Weijie; Li, Lianhui

    2018-03-01

    The key parts of the float type water level gauge instrument is perforated belt, The size and tolerance requirements of its aperture is: (1) alternation of 100+0.2 and 100-0.2, (2) 200±0.1, (3) 1000±0.15, (4) 10000±0.2. The single hole position: alternation of 100+0.2 and 100-0.2; double: 200±0.1, and ensure the best hole position error avoidance tends to be one-way, that is to say: when the punched belt combined with a water wheel rotating line moving, The hole position error to single direction increase or decrease, caused the water level nail gradually and close to the edge of the hole, and then edge and final punched belt was lifted. This paper uses the laser drilling process of steel strip for data collection and analysis. It is found that this method cannot meet the tolerance requirements and the double stamping processing method with adjustable cylindrical pin is feasible.

  10. 33 CFR 147.815 - ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility safety zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS... Floating OCS Facility safety zone. (a) Description. The ExxonMobil Hoover Floating OCS Facility, Alaminos... (1640.4 feet) from each point on the structure's outer edge is a safety zone. (b) Regulation. No vessel...

  11. Bridging Water Resources Policy and Environmental Engineering in the Classroom at Cornell University

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Walter, M. T.; Shaw, S. B.; Seifert, S.; Schwarz, T.

    2006-12-01

    Current university undergraduate students in environmental sciences and engineering are the next generation of environmental protection practitioners. Recognizing this, Cornell's Biological and Environmental Engineering department has developed a popular class, Watershed Engineering (BEE 473), specifically designed to bridge the too-common gap between water resources policy and state-of-art science and technology. Weekly homework assignments are to design real-life solutions to actual water resources problems, often with the objective of applying storm water policies to local situations. Where appropriate, usually in conjunction with recent amendments to the Federal Clean Water Act, this course introduces water resource protection tools and concepts developed in the Cornell Soil and Water Lab. Here we present several examples of how we build bridges between university classrooms and the complex world of water resources policy.

  12. Assessment of floating plastic debris in surface water along the Seine River.

    PubMed

    Gasperi, Johnny; Dris, Rachid; Bonin, Tiffany; Rocher, Vincent; Tassin, Bruno

    2014-12-01

    This study is intended to examine the quality and quantity of floating plastic debris in the River Seine through use of an extensive regional network of floating debris-retention booms; it is one of the first attempts to provide reliable information on such debris at a large regional scale. Plastic debris represented between 0.8% and 5.1% of total debris collected by weight. A significant proportion consisted of food wrappers/containers and plastic cutlery, probably originating from voluntary or involuntary dumping, urban discharges and surface runoff. Most plastic items are made of polypropylene, polyethylene and, to a lesser extent, polyethylene terephthalate. By extrapolation, some 27 tons of floating plastic debris are intercepted annually by this network; corresponding to 2.3 g per Parisian inhabitant per year. Such data could serve to provide a first evaluation of floating plastic inputs conveyed by rivers. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. The effect of floating vegetation on denitrification and greenhouse gas production in wetland mesocosms

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jacobs, A. E.; Harrison, J. A.

    2012-12-01

    Anthropogenic intensification of nitrogen (N) loading to aquatic ecosystems is widespread and can lead to the degradation of these systems. Wetlands are important sites for N removal via denitrification, the microbially mediated reduction of reactive nitrate to inert N2 gas, but they can also produce high levels of greenhouse gases. Floating plants play an important role in encouraging denitrification, since they create low oxygen conditions that may favor denitrification. We investigated whether wetland sediments with floating plant cover had higher denitrification and greenhouse gas production rates than wetland sediments without floating plants. Replicate flow-through mesocosms with wetland sediment and water were constructed in a growth chamber to mimic the wetland where the sediment and water were collected. Mesocosm treatments were covered with floating vegetation (duckweed), an opaque tarp, or no cover to determine how cover type affects denitrification and greenhouse gas production and whether biotic or abiotic factors are likely responsible for observed differences. Denitrification and greenhouse gas production rates were calculated by measuring excess N2 gas, methane, and nitrous oxide concentrations in the water column and measuring the gas exchange rates between the water column and the atmosphere. Gas exchange rates were measured using an inert volatile tracer added to the water column and accumulation of gas in the mesocosm headspace. Additional mesocosm experiments were performed to determine how duckweed-dominated wetland systems respond to nitrogen loading and which mechanism for lowering dissolved oxygen concentrations is important in affecting denitrification under floating vegetation. Mesocosms with floating vegetation had lower dissolved oxygen than no cover or tarp-covered mesocosms, which is consistent with field and literature observations. Water flowing out of the mesocosms had statistically lower total nitrogen and nitrate concentrations

  14. Maiden Voyage of the Under-Ice Float

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shcherbina, A.; D'Asaro, E. A.; Light, B.; Deming, J. W.; Rehm, E.

    2016-02-01

    The Under-Ice Float (UIF) is a new autonomous platform for sea ice and upper ocean observations in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). UIF is based on the Mixed Layer Lagrangian Float design, inheriting its accurate buoyancy control and relatively heavy payload capability. A major challenge for sustained autonomous observations in the MIZ is detection of open water for navigation and telemetry surfacings. UIF employs the new surface classification algorithm based on the spectral analysis of surface roughness sensed by an upward-looking sonar. A prototype UIF was deployed in the MIZ of the central Arctic Ocean in late August 2015. The main payload of the first UIF was a bio-optical suit consisting of upward- and downward hyperspectral radiometers; temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen sensors, and a high-definition photo camera. In the early stages of its mission, the float successfully avoided ice, detected leads, surfaced in open water, and transmitted data and photographs. We will present the analysis of these observations from the full UIF mission extending into the freeze-up season.

  15. 14 CFR 25.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull and main float landing conditions. 25... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Water Loads § 25.529 Hull and main.... (b) Unsymmetrical landing for hull and single float seaplanes. Unsymmetrical step, bow, and stern...

  16. Volume balance and toxicity analysis of highway storm water discharge from Cross Lake Bridge.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-06-01

    The Cross Lake Bridge in Shreveport, Louisiana, spans Cross Lake that serves as the citys water supply. Concern : about accidents on the bridge contaminating the lake prompted the Louisiana Department of Transportation and : Development (LADOTD) t...

  17. Fatigue analysis of assembled marine floating platform for special purposes under complex water environments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ma, Guang-ying; Yao, Yun-long

    2018-03-01

    In this paper, the fatigue lives of a new type of assembled marine floating platform for special purposes were studied. Firstly, by using ANSYS AQWA software, the hydrodynamic model of the platform was established. Secondly, the structural stresses under alternating change loads were calculated under complex water environments, such as wind, wave, current and ice. The minimum fatigue lives were obtained under different working conditions. The analysis results showed that the fatigue life of the platform structure can meet the requirements

  18. Bathymetry in Petermann fjord from Operation IceBridge aerogravity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tinto, Kirsty J.; Bell, Robin E.; Cochran, James R.; Münchow, Andreas

    2015-07-01

    Petermann Glacier is a major glacier in northern Greenland, maintaining one of the few remaining floating ice tongues in Greenland. Monitoring programs, such as NASA's Operation IceBridge have surveyed Petermann Glacier over several decades and have found it to be stable in terms of mass balance, velocity and grounding-line position. The future vulnerability of this large glacier to changing ocean temperatures and climate depends on the ocean-ice interactions beneath its floating tongue. These cannot currently be predicted due to a lack of knowledge of the bathymetry underneath the ice tongue. Here we use aerogravity data from Operation IceBridge, together with airborne radar and laser data and shipborne bathymetry-soundings to model the bathymetry beneath the Petermann ice tongue. We find a basement-cored inner sill at 540-610 m depth that results in a water cavity with minimum thickness of 400 m about 25 km from the grounding line. The sill is coincident with the location of the melt rate minimum. Seaward of the sill the fjord is strongly asymmetric. The deepest point occurs on the eastern side of the fjord at 1150 m, 600 m deeper than on the western side. This asymmetry is due to a sedimentary deposit on the western side of the fjord. A 350-410 m-deep outer sill, also mapped by marine surveys, marks the seaward end of the fjord. This outer sill is aligned with the proposed Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) grounding-line position for Petermann Glacier. The inner sill likely provided a stable pinning point for the grounding line in the past, punctuating the retreat of Petermann Glacier since the LGM.

  19. Discrete Element Modelling of Floating Debris

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mahaffey, Samantha; Liang, Qiuhua; Parkin, Geoff; Large, Andy; Rouainia, Mohamed

    2016-04-01

    Flash flooding is characterised by high velocity flows which impact vulnerable catchments with little warning time and as such, result in complex flow dynamics which are difficult to replicate through modelling. The impacts of flash flooding can be made yet more severe by the transport of both natural and anthropogenic debris, ranging from tree trunks to vehicles, wheelie bins and even storage containers, the effects of which have been clearly evident during recent UK flooding. This cargo of debris can have wide reaching effects and result in actual flood impacts which diverge from those predicted. A build-up of debris may lead to partial channel blockage and potential flow rerouting through urban centres. Build-up at bridges and river structures also leads to increased hydraulic loading which may result in damage and possible structural failure. Predicting the impacts of debris transport; however, is difficult as conventional hydrodynamic modelling schemes do not intrinsically include floating debris within their calculations. Subsequently a new tool has been developed using an emerging approach, which incorporates debris transport through the coupling of two existing modelling techniques. A 1D hydrodynamic modelling scheme has here been coupled with a 2D discrete element scheme to form a new modelling tool which predicts the motion and flow-interaction of floating debris. Hydraulic forces arising from flow around the object are applied to instigate its motion. Likewise, an equivalent opposing force is applied to fluid cells, enabling backwater effects to be simulated. Shock capturing capabilities make the tool applicable to predicting the complex flow dynamics associated with flash flooding. The modelling scheme has been applied to experimental case studies where cylindrical wooden dowels are transported by a dam-break wave. These case studies enable validation of the tool's shock capturing capabilities and the coupling technique applied between the two numerical

  20. Floating sample-collection platform with stage-activated automatic water sampler for streams with large variation in stage

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Tarte, Stephen R.; Schmidt, A.R.; Sullivan, Daniel J.

    1992-01-01

    A floating sample-collection platform is described for stream sites where the vertical or horizontal distance between the stream-sampling point and a safe location for the sampler exceed the suction head of the sampler. The platform allows continuous water sampling over the entire storm-runoff hydrogrpah. The platform was developed for a site in southern Illinois.

  1. Floating electrode dielectrophoresis.

    PubMed

    Golan, Saar; Elata, David; Orenstein, Meir; Dinnar, Uri

    2006-12-01

    In practice, dielectrophoresis (DEP) devices are based on micropatterned electrodes. When subjected to applied voltages, the electrodes generate nonuniform electric fields that are necessary for the DEP manipulation of particles. In this study, electrically floating electrodes are used in DEP devices. It is demonstrated that effective DEP forces can be achieved by using floating electrodes. Additionally, DEP forces generated by floating electrodes are different from DEP forces generated by excited electrodes. The floating electrodes' capabilities are explained theoretically by calculating the electric field gradients and demonstrated experimentally by using test-devices. The test-devices show that floating electrodes can be used to collect erythrocytes (red blood cells). DEP devices which contain many floating electrodes ought to have fewer connections to external signal sources. Therefore, the use of floating electrodes may considerably facilitate the fabrication and operation of DEP devices. It can also reduce device dimensions. However, the key point is that DEP devices can integrate excited electrodes fabricated by microtechnology processes and floating electrodes fabricated by nanotechnology processes. Such integration is expected to promote the use of DEP devices in the manipulation of nanoparticles.

  2. Analytical investigation of bidirectional ductile diaphragms in multi-span bridges

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wei, Xiaone; Bruneau, Michel

    2018-04-01

    In the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Seismic Bridge Design Provisions, ductile diaphragms are identified as Permissible Earthquake-Resisting Elements (EREs), designed to help resist seismic loads applied in the transverse direction of bridges. When adding longitudinal ductile diaphragms, a bidirectional ductile diaphragm system is created that can address seismic excitations acting along both the bridge's longitudinal and transverse axes. This paper investigates bidirectional ductile diaphragms with Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs) in straight multi-span bridge with simply supported floating spans. The flexibility of the substructures in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the bridge is considered. Design procedures for the bidirectional ductile diaphragms are first proposed. An analytical model of the example bridge with bidirectional ductile diaphragms, designed based on the proposed methodology, is then built in SAP2000. Pushover and nonlinear time history analyses are performed on the bridge model, and corresponding results are presented. The effect of changing the longitudinal stiffness of the bidirectional ductile diaphragms in the end spans connecting to the abutment is also investigated, in order to better understand the impact on the bridge's dynamic performance.

  3. Bathymetry and geology of Greenlandic fjords from Operation IceBridge airborne gravimetry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tinto, K. J.; Cochran, J. R.; Bell, R. E.; Charles, K.; Dube, J.; McLeish, M.; Burton, B. L.

    2011-12-01

    The Greenland Ice Sheet is drained by outlet glaciers that commonly flow into long, deep fjords. Glacier flow is controlled in part by the topography and geology of the glacier bed, and is also affected by the interaction between ice and sea water in the fjords. This interaction depends on the bathymetry of the fjords, and particularly on the presence of bathymetric sills, which can control the influx of warm, saline water towards the grounding zone. The bathymetry and geology of these fjords provide boundary conditions for models of the behaviour of the glaciers and ice sheet. Greenlandic fjords can be over 100 km long and up to 1000 m deep, with sills a few hundred metres above the bottom of the fjord. Where bathymetry is not well known, the scale of these features makes them appropriate targets for aerogravity surveys. Where bathymetry is known, aerogravity can provide information on the geology of the fjord, but the sometimes narrow, sinuous fjords present challenges for both data acquisition and interpretation. In 2010 and 2011 Operation IceBridge flew the Sander Geophysics AIRGrav system along the axes of more than 40 outlet glaciers distributed around the coast of Greenland. The AIRGrav system has high precision, fast recovery from turns and the capacity for draped flights, all of which improve the quality of data acquisition along fjord axes. Operation IceBridge survey flights are conducted at or lower than 500 m above ground surface, at speeds of ~140 m/s, allowing full amplitude resolution of features larger than ~5 km, and detection of smaller scale features. Fjord axis data are commonly of lower quality than data from grid-based gravity surveys. Interpretation of these data is improved by combining repeated survey lines from both seasons as well as incorporating other datasets, such as radar, and magnetic data from Operation IceBridge, digital elevation models and geological maps. While most fjords were surveyed by a single axial track, surveys of

  4. Invasive floating macrophytes reduce greenhouse gas emissions from a small tropical lake

    PubMed Central

    Attermeyer, K.; Flury, S.; Jayakumar, R.; Fiener, P.; Steger, K.; Arya, V.; Wilken, F.; van Geldern, R.; Premke, K.

    2016-01-01

    Floating macrophytes, including water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), are dominant invasive organisms in tropical aquatic systems, and they may play an important role in modifying the gas exchange between water and the atmosphere. However, these systems are underrepresented in global datasets of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study investigated the carbon (C) turnover and GHG emissions from a small (0.6 km2) water-harvesting lake in South India and analysed the effect of floating macrophytes on these emissions. We measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions with gas chambers in the field as well as water C mineralization rates and physicochemical variables in both the open water and in water within stands of water hyacinths. The CO2 and CH4 emissions from areas covered by water hyacinths were reduced by 57% compared with that of open water. However, the C mineralization rates were not significantly different in the water between the two areas. We conclude that the increased invasion of water hyacinths and other floating macrophytes has the potential to change GHG emissions, a process that might be relevant in regional C budgets. PMID:26846590

  5. Invasive floating macrophytes reduce greenhouse gas emissions from a small tropical lake

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Attermeyer, K.; Flury, S.; Jayakumar, R.; Fiener, P.; Steger, K.; Arya, V.; Wilken, F.; van Geldern, R.; Premke, K.

    2016-02-01

    Floating macrophytes, including water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), are dominant invasive organisms in tropical aquatic systems, and they may play an important role in modifying the gas exchange between water and the atmosphere. However, these systems are underrepresented in global datasets of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study investigated the carbon (C) turnover and GHG emissions from a small (0.6 km2) water-harvesting lake in South India and analysed the effect of floating macrophytes on these emissions. We measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions with gas chambers in the field as well as water C mineralization rates and physicochemical variables in both the open water and in water within stands of water hyacinths. The CO2 and CH4 emissions from areas covered by water hyacinths were reduced by 57% compared with that of open water. However, the C mineralization rates were not significantly different in the water between the two areas. We conclude that the increased invasion of water hyacinths and other floating macrophytes has the potential to change GHG emissions, a process that might be relevant in regional C budgets.

  6. Water-Floating Giant Nanosheets from Helical Peptide Pentamers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Jaehun; Nam, Ki Tae

    One of the important challenges in the development of protein-mimetic materials is to understand the sequence specific assembly behavior and the dynamic folding change. Conventional strategies to construct two dimensional nanostructures from the peptides have been limited to beta-sheet forming sequences in use of basic building blocks because of their natural tendency to form sheet like aggregations. Here we identified a new peptide sequence, YFCFY that can form dimers by the disulfide bridge, fold into helix and assemble into macroscopic flat sheet at the air/water interface. Because of large driving force for two dimensional assembly and high elastic modulus of the resulting sheet, the peptide assembly induces the flattening of initially round water droplet. Additionally, we found that stabilization of helix by the dimerization is a key determinant for maintaining macroscopic flatness over a few tens centimeter even with a uniform thickness below 10 nm. Furthermore, the capability to transfer 2D film from water droplet to other substrates allows for the multiple stacking of 2D peptide nanostructure, suggesting possible applications in the biomimetic catalysts, biosensor and 2D related electronic devices. This work was supported by Samsung Research Funding Center of Samsung Electronics under Project Number SRFC-MA1401-01.

  7. 14 CFR 25.531 - Hull and main float takeoff condition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull and main float takeoff condition. 25... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Water Loads § 25.531 Hull and main float takeoff condition. For the wing and its attachment to the hull or main float— (a) The aerodynamic...

  8. 14 CFR 23.531 - Hull and main float takeoff condition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull and main float takeoff condition. 23.531 Section 23.531 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... Water Loads § 23.531 Hull and main float takeoff condition. For the wing and its attachment to the hull...

  9. Motion performance and mooring system of a floating offshore wind turbine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Jing; Zhang, Liang; Wu, Haitao

    2012-09-01

    The development of offshore wind farms was originally carried out in shallow water areas with fixed (seabed mounted) structures. However, countries with limited shallow water areas require innovative floating platforms to deploy wind turbines offshore in order to harness wind energy to generate electricity in deep seas. The performances of motion and mooring system dynamics are vital to designing a cost effective and durable floating platform. This paper describes a numerical model to simulate dynamic behavior of a new semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) system. The wind turbine was modeled as a wind block with a certain thrust coefficient, and the hydrodynamics and mooring system dynamics of the platform were calculated by SESAM software. The effect of change in environmental conditions on the dynamic response of the system under wave and wind loading was examined. The results indicate that the semi-submersible concept has excellent performance and SESAM could be an effective tool for floating wind turbine design and analysis.

  10. Dragging a floating horizontal cylinder

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Duck-Gyu; Kim, Ho-Young

    2010-11-01

    A cylinder immersed in a fluid stream experiences a drag, and it is well known that the drag coefficient is a function of the Reynolds number only. Here we study the force exerted on a long horizontal cylinder that is dragged perpendicular to its axis while floating on an air-water interface with a high Reynolds number. In addition to the flow-induced drag, the floating body is subjected to capillary forces along the contact line where the three phases of liquid/solid/gas meet. We first theoretically predict the meniscus profile around the horizontally moving cylinder assuming the potential flow, and show that the profile is in good agreement with that obtained experimentally. Then we compare our theoretical predictions and experimental measurement results for the drag coefficient of a floating horizontal cylinder that is given by a function of the Weber number and the Bond number. This study can help us to understand the horizontal motion of partially submerged objects at air-liquid interface, such as semi-aquatic insects and marine plants.

  11. 14 CFR 25.527 - Hull and main float load factors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... float load factors. (a) Water reaction load factors n W must be computed in the following manner: (1... following values are used: (1) n W=water reaction load factor (that is, the water reaction divided by...

  12. Evaporation mitigation by floating modular devices

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hassan, M. M.; Peirson, W. L.

    2016-05-01

    Prolonged periods of drought and consequent evaporation from open water bodies in arid parts of Australia continue to be a threat to water availability for agricultural production. Over many parts of Australia, the annual average evaporation exceeds the annual precipitation by more than 5 times. Given its significance, it is surprising that no evaporation mitigation technique has gained widespread adoption to date. High capital and maintenance costs of manufactured products are a significant barrier to implementation. The use of directly recycled clean plastic containers as floating modular devices to mitigate evaporation has been investigated for the first time. A six-month trial at an arid zone site in Australia of this potential cost effective solution has been undertaken. The experiment was performed using clean conventional drinking water bottles as floating modules on the open water surface of 240-L tanks with three varying degrees of covering (nil, 34% and 68%). A systematic reduction in evaporation is demonstrated during the whole study period that is approximately linearly proportional to the covered surface. These results provide a potential foundation for robust evaporation mitigation with the prospect of implementing a cost-optimal design.

  13. 14 CFR 25.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... stern landings, the limit water reaction load factors are those computed under § 25.527. In addition— (1... upward component and a side component equal, respectively, to 0.75 and 0.25 tan β times the resultant... upward load at the step of each float of 0.75 and a side load of 0.25 tan β at one float times the step...

  14. 14 CFR 25.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... stern landings, the limit water reaction load factors are those computed under § 25.527. In addition— (1... upward component and a side component equal, respectively, to 0.75 and 0.25 tan β times the resultant... upward load at the step of each float of 0.75 and a side load of 0.25 tan β at one float times the step...

  15. 40 CFR 65.45 - External floating roof converted into an internal floating roof.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... External floating roof converted into an internal floating roof. The owner or operator who elects to... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false External floating roof converted into an internal floating roof. 65.45 Section 65.45 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION...

  16. 33 CFR 115.40 - Bridge repairs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bridge repairs. 115.40 Section 115.40 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.40 Bridge repairs. Repairs to a bridge which do...

  17. 33 CFR 115.40 - Bridge repairs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bridge repairs. 115.40 Section 115.40 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.40 Bridge repairs. Repairs to a bridge which do...

  18. 14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

  19. 14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

  20. 14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

  1. 14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

  2. 14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

  3. 33 CFR 147.847 - Safety Zone; BW PIONEER Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading System Safety Zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Safety Zone; BW PIONEER Floating... ZONES § 147.847 Safety Zone; BW PIONEER Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading System Safety Zone. (a) Description. The BW PIONEER, a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) system, is in...

  4. Float level switch for a nuclear power plant containment vessel

    DOEpatents

    Powell, J.G.

    1993-11-16

    This invention is a float level switch used to sense rise or drop in water level in a containment vessel of a nuclear power plant during a loss of coolant accident. The essential components of the device are a guide tube, a reed switch inside the guide tube, a float containing a magnetic portion that activates a reed switch, and metal-sheathed, ceramic-insulated conductors connecting the reed switch to a monitoring system outside the containment vessel. Special materials and special sealing techniques prevent failure of components and allow the float level switch to be connected to a monitoring system outside the containment vessel. 1 figures.

  5. Float level switch for a nuclear power plant containment vessel

    DOEpatents

    Powell, James G.

    1993-01-01

    This invention is a float level switch used to sense rise or drop in water level in a containment vessel of a nuclear power plant during a loss of coolant accident. The essential components of the device are a guide tube, a reed switch inside the guide tube, a float containing a magnetic portion that activates a reed switch, and metal-sheathed, ceramic-insulated conductors connecting the reed switch to a monitoring system outside the containment vessel. Special materials and special sealing techniques prevent failure of components and allow the float level switch to be connected to a monitoring system outside the containment vessel.

  6. Ice-Ocean Interactions to the North-West of Greenland: Glaciers, Straits, Ice Bridges, and the Rossby Radius (Invited)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Muenchow, A.; Falkner, K. K.; Melling, H.; Johnson, H. L.; Huntley, H. S.; Ryan, P.; Friends Of Petermann

    2010-12-01

    Petermann Glacier at 81 N latitude is a major outlet glacier adjacent to Nares Strait. It terminates in a long (70 km), narrow (16 km) and thin (50 m) floating tongue and has a grounding line more than 500 m below sea level. A calving event in 2010 reduced the floating area by 25% and produced a single 240 km2 ice island currently moving south in Nares Strait where it will likely interact with island to potentially create a temporary polynya in Nares Strait. The 2010 calving from Petermann Glacier contributes <10% to its mass balance as more than 80% is lost due to basal melting by the ocean. Hence the largely unexplored physics at the ice-ocean interface determine how a changing climate impacts this outlet glacier. Conducting exploratory surveys inside Petermann Fjord in 2003, 2007, and 2009, we find a 1100 m deep fjord connected to Nares Strait via a sill at 350-450 m depth. The fjord receives about 3 times the amount of heat required for the basal melt rates. Furthermore, limited data and analytical modeling suggests a 3-dimensional circulation over the upper 300-m of the water column with a coastally trapped buoyant outflow. We integrate these findings with more complete oceanic time series data from an array moored in Nares Strait from 2003 through 2009 near 80.5 N. In the past Nares Strait and Petermann Fjord were covered by land fast sea ice during the 9-10 month long winter season. Archeological and remotely sensed records indicate that an ice bridge formed regularly at the southern end of Nares Strait creating the North-Water polynya near 79 N latitude. Since 2006 this ice bridge has largely failed to form, leading, perhaps, to the occasional formation of a secondary ice bridge 300 km to the north where Nares Strait connects to the Arctic Ocean. However, this ice bridge appears to form for shorter periods only. Consequently Arctic sea ice can now exit the Arctic in winter via pathways to the west of Greenland all year. We speculate that this changed ocean

  7. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of triazine and triazoles in mineral water samples.

    PubMed

    Bolzan, Cátia M; Caldas, Sergiane S; Guimarães, Bruno S; Primel, Ednei G

    2016-09-01

    A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of atrazine, simazine, cyproconazole, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole in mineral water employing the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of a floating organic drop with determination by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been developed. A mixed solution of 250 μL 1-dodecanol and 1250 μL methanol was injected rapidly into 10 mL aqueous solution (pH 7.0) with 2% w/v NaCl. After centrifugation for 5 min at 2000 rpm, the organic solvent droplets floated on the surface of the aqueous solution and the floating solvent solidified. The method limits of detection were between 3.75 and 37.5 ng/L and limits of quantification were between 12.5 and 125 ng/L. The recoveries ranged from 70 to 118% for repeatability and between 76 and 95% for intermediate precision with a relative standard deviation from 2 to 18% for all compounds. Low matrix effect was observed. The proposed method can be successfully applied in routine analysis for determination of pesticide residues in mineral water samples, allowing for monitoring of triazine and triazoles at levels below the regulatory limits set by international and national legislations. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  8. Effect of combined ecological floating bed for eutrophic lake remediation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zheng, Liguo; Wang, Haiping

    2017-05-01

    A novel combined ecological floating bed(CEFB) integrated high-density hydrophyte and aquatic animals, the wave-making equipments, water cycling automatic aerators and fluorescence inducing equipments. The water quality of a eutrophic lake was improved significantly after three months remediation of CEFB. Compared with the background value, the results showed that the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia(NH3-N), total phosphorous(TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water reached 31.5%, 33%, 30.5% and 53%, respectively. CEFB could manipulate biotic interactions in the aquatic ecosystem, and then absorb eutrophic material efficiently by the co-effect of floating the sediment slowly, refreshing the static eutrophic water body, changing the photosynthetic and biochemical environment of the eutrophic water body and inducing plankton directional movement. At the same time, plants and fish grew good in CEFB,which can bring economic income to some extent.

  9. Estimation of Bridge Height over Water from Polarimetric SAR Image Data Using Mapping and Projection Algorithm and De-Orientation Theory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Haipeng; Xu, Feng; Jin, Ya-Qiu; Ouchi, Kazuo

    An inversion method of bridge height over water by polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is developed. A geometric ray description to illustrate scattering mechanism of a bridge over water surface is identified by polarimetric image analysis. Using the mapping and projecting algorithm, a polarimetric SAR image of a bridge model is first simulated and shows that scattering from a bridge over water can be identified by three strip lines corresponding to single-, double-, and triple-order scattering, respectively. A set of polarimetric parameters based on the de-orientation theory is applied to analysis of three types scattering, and the thinning-clustering algorithm and Hough transform are then employed to locate the image positions of these strip lines. These lines are used to invert the bridge height. Fully polarimetric image data of airborne Pi-SAR at X-band are applied to inversion of the height and width of the Naruto Bridge in Japan. Based on the same principle, this approach is also applicable to spaceborne ALOSPALSAR single-polarization data of the Eastern Ocean Bridge in China. The results show good feasibility to realize the bridge height inversion.

  10. Formation of nanoscale water bridges

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Riedo, Elisa; Szoszkiewicz, Robert; Li, Tai-De; Gao, Jianping; Landman, Uzi

    2006-03-01

    The water bridges provide stability to sand castles, act as transport channels for dip-pen nanolitography and increase adhesion and friction in micro- and nano- devices such as MEMS. The kinetics of capillary condensation and growth at the nanoscale is studied here using friction force microscopy and molecular dynamics calculations. At 40% relative humidity we find that the meniscus nucleation times increase from 0.7 ms up to 4.2 ms when the temperature decreases from 332 K to 299 K. The nucleation times grow exponentially with the inverse temperature 1/T obeying an Arrhenius law. We obtain a nucleation energy barrier of 7.8*10̂-20˜J and an attempt frequency ranging between 4-250˜GHz, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. These results provide direct experimental evidence that capillary condensation is a thermally activated phenomenon.

  11. Evaluation of water uptake and mechanical properties of blended polymer films for preparing gas-generated multiple-unit floating drug delivery systems.

    PubMed

    Chen, Ying-Chen; Lee, Lin-Wen; Ho, Hsiu-O; Sha, Chen; Sheu, Ming-Thau

    2012-10-01

    Among various strategies of gastroretentive drug delivery systems (DDSs) developed to prolong the gastric residence time and to increase the overall bioavailability, effervescent multiple-unit floating DDSs (muFDDSs) were studied here. These systems consist of drug (losartan)- and effervescent (sodium bicarbonate)-containing pellets coated with a blended polymeric membrane, which was a mixture of gastrointestinal tract (GIT)-soluble and GIT-insoluble polymers. The addition of GIT-soluble polymers, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, PEG 600, and Kollicoat® IR, greatly increased the water uptake ability of the GIT-insoluble polymers (Eudragit® NE, RS, and RL; Surelease®; and Kollicoat® SR) and caused them to immediately initiate the effervescent reaction and float, but the hydrated films should also be impermeable to the generated CO(2) to maintain floatation and sufficiently flexible to withstand the pressure of carbon dioxide to avoid rupturing. The study demonstrated that the water uptake ability and mechanical properties could be applied as screening tools during the development of effervescent muFDDSs. The optimized system of SRT(5)P600(5) (i.e., a mixture of 5% Kollicoat® SR and 5% PEG 600) with a 20% coating level began to completely float within 15 min and maintained its buoyancy over a period of 12 h with a sustained-release effect. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  12. Wax-incorporated emulsion gel beads of calcium pectinate for intragastric floating drug delivery.

    PubMed

    Sriamornsak, Pornsak; Asavapichayont, Panida; Nunthanid, Jurairat; Luangtana-Anan, Manee; Limmatvapirat, Sontaya; Piriyaprasarth, Suchada

    2008-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to prepare wax-incorporated pectin-based emulsion gel beads using a modified emulsion-gelation method. The waxes in pectin-olive oil mixtures containing a model drug, metronidazole, were hot-melted, homogenized and then extruded into calcium chloride solution. The beads formed were separated, washed with distilled water and dried for 12 h. The influence of various types and amounts of wax on floating and drug release behavior of emulsion gel beads of calcium pectinate was investigated. The drug-loaded gel beads were found to float on simulated gastric fluid if the sufficient amount of oil was used. Incorporation of wax into the emulsion gel beads affected the drug release. Water-soluble wax (i.e. polyethylene glycol) increased the drug release while other water-insoluble waxes (i.e. glyceryl monostearate, stearyl alcohol, carnauba wax, spermaceti wax and white wax) significantly retarded the drug release. Different waxes had a slight effect on the drug release. However, the increased amount of incorporated wax in the formulations significantly sustained the drug release while the beads remained floating. The results suggest that wax-incorporated emulsion gel beads could be used as a carrier for intragastric floating drug delivery.

  13. Plant traits and environment: floating leaf blade production and turnover of waterlilies.

    PubMed

    Klok, Peter F; van der Velde, Gerard

    2017-01-01

    Floating leaf blades of waterlilies fulfill several functions in wetland ecosystems by production, decomposition and turnover as well as exchange processes. Production and turnover rates of floating leaf blades of three waterlily species, Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm., Nymphaea alba L. and Nymphaea candida Presl, were studied in three freshwater bodies, differing in trophic status, pH and alkalinity. Length and percentages of leaf loss of marked leaf blades were measured weekly during the growing season. Area and biomass were calculated based on leaf length and were used to calculate the turnover rate of floating leaf blades. Seasonal changes in floating leaf production showed that values decreased in the order: Nymphaea alba , Nuphar lutea , Nymphaea candida . The highest production was reached for Nuphar lutea and Nymphaea alba in alkaline, eutrophic water bodies. The production per leaf was relatively high for both species in the acid water body. Nymphaea candida showed a very short vegetation period and low turnover rates. The ratio Total potential leaf biomass/Maximum potential leaf biomass (P/B max ) of the three species ranged from 1.35-2.25. The ratio Vegetation period (Period with floating leaves)/Mean leaf life span ranged from 2.94-4.63, the ratio Growth period (Period with appearance of new floating leaves)/Vegetation period from 0.53-0.73. The clear differences between Nymphaea candida versus Nuphar lutea and Nymphaea alba , may be due to adaptations of Nymphaea candida to an Euro-Siberic climate with short-lasting summer conditions.

  14. Quantifying Thin Mat Floating Marsh Strength and Interaction with Hydrodynamic Conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Collins, J. H., III; Sasser, C.; Willson, C. S.

    2016-12-01

    Louisiana possesses over 350,000 acres of unique floating vegetated systems known as floating marshes or flotants. Floating marshes make up 70% of the Terrebonne and Barataria basin wetlands and exist in several forms, mainly thick mat or thin mat. Salt-water intrusion, nutria grazing, and high-energy wave events are believed to be some contributing factors to the degradation of floating marshes; however, there has been little investigation into the hydrodynamic effects on their structural integrity. Due to their unique nature, floating marshes could be susceptible to changes in the hydrodynamic environment that may result from proposed river freshwater and sediment diversion projects introducing flow to areas that are typically somewhat isolated. This study aims to improve the understanding of how thin mat floating marshes respond to increased hydrodynamic stresses and, more specifically, how higher water velocities might increase the washout probability of this vegetation type. There are two major components of this research: 1) A thorough measurement of the material properties of the vegetative mats as a root-soil matrix composite material; and 2) An accurate numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics and forces imposed on the floating marsh mats by the flow. To achieve these goals, laboratory and field experiments were conducted using a customized device to measure the bulk properties of typical floating marshes. Additionally, Delft-3D FLOW and ANSYS FLUENT were used to simulate the flow around a series of simplified mat structures in order to estimate the hydrodynamic forcings on the mats. The hydrodynamic forcings are coupled with a material analysis, allowing for a thorough analysis of their interaction under various conditions. The 2-way Fluid Structure Interaction (F.S.I.) between the flow and the mat is achieved by coupling a Finite Element Analysis (F.E.A.) solver in ANSYS with FLUENT. The flow conditions necessary for the structural failure of the

  15. 14 CFR 23.527 - Hull and main float load factors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Water Loads § 23.527 Hull and main float load factors. (a) Water reaction load factors nw must be... landing cases EC28SE91.005 (b) The following values are used: (1) nw=water reaction load factor (that is, the water reaction divided by seaplane weight). (2) C1=empirical seaplane operations factor equal to 0...

  16. Measuring the Coefficient of Friction of a Small Floating Liquid Marble

    PubMed Central

    Ooi, Chin Hong; Nguyen, Anh Van; Evans, Geoffrey M.; Dao, Dzung Viet; Nguyen, Nam-Trung

    2016-01-01

    This paper investigates the friction coefficient of a moving liquid marble, a small liquid droplet coated with hydrophobic powder and floating on another liquid surface. A floating marble can easily move across water surface due to the low friction, allowing for the transport of aqueous solutions with minimal energy input. However, the motion of a floating marble has yet to be systematically characterised due to the lack of insight into key parameters such as the coefficient of friction between the floating marble and the carrier liquid. We measured the coefficient of friction of a small floating marble using a novel experimental setup that exploits the non-wetting properties of a liquid marble. A floating liquid marble pair containing a minute amount magnetite particles were immobilised and then released in a controlled manner using permanent magnets. The capillarity-driven motion was analysed to determine the coefficient of friction of the liquid marbles. The “capillary charge” model was used to fit the experimental results. We varied the marble content and carrier liquid to establish a relationship between the friction correction factor and the meniscus angle. PMID:27910916

  17. 27. Detail view of mechanical float gages used to monitor ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    27. Detail view of mechanical float gages used to monitor level of water in the filtration bed reservoir. Gage on left measures water head, gage on right monitors filtration rate. - Lake Whitney Water Filtration Plant, Filtration Plant, South side of Armory Street between Edgehill Road & Whitney Avenue, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

  18. Passive and Active Stabilization of Liquid Bridges in Low Gravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Marston, Philip L.; Thiessen, David B.; Marr-Lyon, Mark J.; Wei, Wei; Niederhaus, Charles E.; Truong, Duc K.

    2001-01-01

    Tests are planned in the low gravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS) of new methods for the suppression of the capillary instability of liquid bridges. Our suppression methods are unusual in that they are not limited to liquid bridges having very special properties and may impact a variety of low-gravity and earth-based technologies. There are two main approaches to be investigated: (1) Passive Acoustic Stabilization (PAS); and (2) Active Electrostatic Stabilization (AES). In PAS, the suppression of the mode growth is accomplished by placing the bridge in an acoustic field having the appropriate properties such that the acoustic radiation pressure automatically pulls outward on the thinnest portion of the bridge. In AES, the bridge deformation is sensed optically and counteracted by actively adjusting the electrostatic Maxwell stresses via two ring electrodes concentric with the slightly conducting bridge to offset the growth of the unstable mode. While the present work emphasizes cylindrical bridges, the methods need not be restricted to that case. The methods to be explored are relevant to the suppression of capillary instabilities in floating zone crystal growth, breakup of liquid jets and columns, bubbles, and annular films as well as the management of coolants or propellants in low-gravity.

  19. Water liquid-vapor interface subjected to various electric fields: A molecular dynamics study.

    PubMed

    Nikzad, Mohammadreza; Azimian, Ahmad Reza; Rezaei, Majid; Nikzad, Safoora

    2017-11-28

    Investigation of the effects of E-fields on the liquid-vapor interface is essential for the study of floating water bridge and wetting phenomena. The present study employs the molecular dynamics method to investigate the effects of parallel and perpendicular E-fields on the water liquid-vapor interface. For this purpose, density distribution, number of hydrogen bonds, molecular orientation, and surface tension are examined to gain a better understanding of the interface structure. Results indicate enhancements in parallel E-field decrease the interface width and number of hydrogen bonds, while the opposite holds true in the case of perpendicular E-fields. Moreover, perpendicular fields disturb the water structure at the interface. Given that water molecules tend to be parallel to the interface plane, it is observed that perpendicular E-fields fail to realign water molecules in the field direction while the parallel ones easily do so. It is also shown that surface tension rises with increasing strength of parallel E-fields, while it reduces in the case of perpendicular E-fields. Enhancement of surface tension in the parallel field direction demonstrates how the floating water bridge forms between the beakers. Finally, it is found that application of external E-fields to the liquid-vapor interface does not lead to uniform changes in surface tension and that the liquid-vapor interfacial tension term in Young's equation should be calculated near the triple-line of the droplet. This is attributed to the multi-directional nature of the droplet surface, indicating that no constant value can be assigned to a droplet's surface tension in the presence of large electric fields.

  20. Plant traits and environment: floating leaf blade production and turnover of waterlilies

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    Floating leaf blades of waterlilies fulfill several functions in wetland ecosystems by production, decomposition and turnover as well as exchange processes. Production and turnover rates of floating leaf blades of three waterlily species, Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm., Nymphaea alba L. and Nymphaea candida Presl, were studied in three freshwater bodies, differing in trophic status, pH and alkalinity. Length and percentages of leaf loss of marked leaf blades were measured weekly during the growing season. Area and biomass were calculated based on leaf length and were used to calculate the turnover rate of floating leaf blades. Seasonal changes in floating leaf production showed that values decreased in the order: Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea candida. The highest production was reached for Nuphar lutea and Nymphaea alba in alkaline, eutrophic water bodies. The production per leaf was relatively high for both species in the acid water body. Nymphaea candida showed a very short vegetation period and low turnover rates. The ratio Total potential leaf biomass/Maximum potential leaf biomass (P/Bmax) of the three species ranged from 1.35–2.25. The ratio Vegetation period (Period with floating leaves)/Mean leaf life span ranged from 2.94–4.63, the ratio Growth period (Period with appearance of new floating leaves)/Vegetation period from 0.53–0.73. The clear differences between Nymphaea candida versus Nuphar lutea and Nymphaea alba, may be due to adaptations of Nymphaea candida to an Euro-Siberic climate with short-lasting summer conditions. PMID:28462025

  1. 33 CFR 115.50 - Application for bridge permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Application for bridge permits... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.50 Application for bridge permits. (a) Application. An application for authorization to construct a bridge across navigable waters of...

  2. Preventing Pollution to Local Waters, Bay; Preserving Historic Natural Bridge in Virginia

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    In helping to preserve one of the oldest tourist destinations in the country – a spectacular natural land bridge in Virginia – EPA funding is protecting the surrounding land from development that would have impacted local waters and the Chesapeake Bay.

  3. SOCCOM Biogeochemical Profiling Floats: Representativeness and Deployment Strategies Utilizing GO-SHIP/Argo Observations and SOSE/Hycom Model Output

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Talley, L. D.; Riser, S.; Johnson, K. S.; Wang, J.; Kamenkovich, I. V.; Rosso, I.; Mazloff, M. R.; Ogle, S.; Sarmiento, J. L.

    2016-12-01

    Biogeochemical profiling floats are being deployed in the Southern Ocean south of 30°S, including within the seasonal sea ice zone, as part of the SOCCOM project. The floats carry oxygen, nitrate, pH, fluorescence and backscatter sensors, in addition to standard T/S measurements that contribute to the Argo program. The total array size over the expected 6 years of deployment will be 180 to 200 floats. At the conclusion of Year 2 (2015-2016), 58 floats had been deployed and 50 were still active (see figure from http://soccom.princeton.edu). In order to calibrate the biogeochemical sensors using shipboard measurements, deployment takes place from research ships. As the ship tracks are dictated by other programs, care is taken prior to deployment to maximize the probability that the floats sample varied oceanographic regimes, and that all important regimes present along a deployment track are seeded with at least one float. Prior GO-SHIP hydrographic sections are used to locate water mass regimes that are targeted for deployments, yielding a background description of the oceanography along each of these sections. Simulations of Argo floats in the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) and data-assimilating HYCOM model and previous Argo trajectories are used to predict ensemble float trajectories. Trajectories and water mass regimes from floats after deployment have generally agreed well with those projected prior to deployment. The exercise of examining this suite of information prior to the deployment cruises provides valuable regional information for interpreting the actual SOCCOM float profiles and trajectories. Particularly useful are demarcation of the major frontal regimes and their relation to sea ice and topography, regions of upwelling from the deep ocean to the surface, and upper ocean mode water regions associated with both the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts.

  4. Development of ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on solidification of a floating organic droplet for determination of organochlorine pesticides in water samples.

    PubMed

    Shu, Bin; Yang, Zhaoguang; Lee, Hsiaowan; Qiu, Bo; Li, Haipu

    2016-02-01

    An ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of 13 organochlorine pesticides in water samples. In the proposed method, ultrasound was applied to achieve the emulsification without addition of any dispersive solvent. In consequence, the volume of extraction phase remained unaffected by the ion strength of aqueous phase and high extraction recoveries were obtained. It was also found that dilution of the floating phase with acetone was necessary for preventing peak splitting in chromatogram. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method provided good sensitivity (the detection limits of organochlorine pesticides ranged from 1.3 to 3.9 ng/L) and good repeatability of extraction (below 6.5%, n = 5). The recoveries in reservoir and river water samples were between 75.8% and 96.9%. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  5. 33 CFR 118.140 - Painting bridge piers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Painting bridge piers. 118.140 Section 118.140 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.140 Painting bridge piers. The District Commander may require...

  6. 33 CFR 118.140 - Painting bridge piers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Painting bridge piers. 118.140 Section 118.140 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.140 Painting bridge piers. The District Commander may require...

  7. 33 CFR 118.90 - Bridges crossing channel obliquely.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bridges crossing channel obliquely. 118.90 Section 118.90 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.90 Bridges crossing channel obliquely. Bridges...

  8. 33 CFR 118.90 - Bridges crossing channel obliquely.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bridges crossing channel obliquely. 118.90 Section 118.90 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.90 Bridges crossing channel obliquely. Bridges...

  9. 33 CFR 115.50 - Application for bridge permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Application for bridge permits... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.50 Application for bridge permits. (a) Approval of plans. An application for authorization to construct a bridge across navigable waters...

  10. Chemical Oxygen Demand abatement in sewage using Micro-Aeration Enhanced Ecological Floating Bed

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Hongle; Zhou, Gaofeng; Liu, Yiqing; Tan, Jiancong; Fu, Yongsheng

    2018-02-01

    The traditional ecological floating bed combined with micro-aeration system and artificial medium was developed for the removal of contaminants and remediation of surface water. This micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed (MAEEFB) consisted of aeration unit, microbial processing unit and aquatic plant unit. Batch experiments were conducted in different operating conditions on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the sewage using MAEEFB. The removal rate of COD by MAEEFB, enhanced ecological floating bed (EEFB) and traditional ecological floating bed (TEFB) in the same reaction conditions was 59.2%, 56.9% and 30.6%, respectively, indicating that the combination of micro-aeration system and artificial medium could enhance the removal efficiency of COD in TEFB. In MAEEFB, the aeration intensity should be designed reasonablely considering both treatment efficiency and operation cost. Only increasing the specific surface area of the packing cannot effectively improve the purification efficiency of water. Factors like packing material, ability of intercepting organics and complicated extent of microorganisms attaching on the packing should also be considered.

  11. 33 CFR 159.125 - Visible floating solids: Type I devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Visible floating solids: Type I devices. 159.125 Section 159.125 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION MARINE SANITATION DEVICES Design, Construction, and Testing § 159.125...

  12. 18 CFR 1304.400 - Flotation devices and material, all floating structures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Flotation devices and material, all floating structures. 1304.400 Section 1304.400 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... structures. (a) All flotation for docks, boat mooring buoys, and other water-use structures and facilities...

  13. 18 CFR 1304.400 - Flotation devices and material, all floating structures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Flotation devices and material, all floating structures. 1304.400 Section 1304.400 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... structures. (a) All flotation for docks, boat mooring buoys, and other water-use structures and facilities...

  14. Autonomous Microstructure EM-APEX Floats

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-01-01

    Autonomous Microstructure_EM-APEX_Float 4/8/16 at 3:21 PM 1 Title: Autonomous Microstructure EM-APEX Floats Authors: Ren-Chieh Lien1,2...Street Seattle, WA 98105 rcl@uw.edu Abstract: Fast responding FP-07 thermistors have been incorporated on profiling EM-APEX floats to measure...storage board. The raw and processed temperature observations are stored on a microSD card. Results from eight microstructure EM-APEX floats

  15. "Float first and kick for your life": Psychophysiological basis for safety behaviour on accidental short-term cold water immersion.

    PubMed

    Barwood, Martin J; Burrows, Holly; Cessford, Jess; Goodall, Stuart

    2016-02-01

    Accidental cold-water immersion (CWI) evokes the life threatening cold shock response (CSR) which increases the risk of drowning. Consequently, the safety behaviour selected is critical in determining survival; the present advice is to 'float first' and remain stationary (i.e. rest). We examined whether leg only exercise (i.e., treading water; 'CWI-Kick') immediately on CWI could reduce the symptoms of the CSR, offset the reduction in cerebral blood flow that is known to occur and reduce the CSR's symptoms of breathlessness. We also examined whether perceptual responses instinctive to accidental CWI were exacerbated by this alternative behaviour. We contrasted CWI-Kick to a 'CWI-Rest' condition and a thermoneutral control (35°C); 'TN-Rest'. Seventeen participants were tested (9 males, 8 females). All immersions were standardised; water temperature in cold conditions (i.e., 12°C) was matched ±/0.5°C within participant. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) and cardiorespiratory responses were measured along with thermal perception (sensation and comfort) and dyspnoea. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA (alpha level of 0.05). MCAv was significantly reduced in CWI-Rest (-6 (9)%; 1st minute of immersion) but was offset by leg only exercise immediately on cold water entry; CWI-Kick MCAv was never different to TN-Rest (-3 (16)% cf. 5 (4)%). All CWI cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses were different to TN-Rest but were not exacerbated by leg only exercise. Treading water may aid survival by offsetting the reduction in brain blood flow velocity without changing the instinctive behavioural response (i.e. perceptions). "Float first - and kick for your life" would be a suitable amendment to the water safety advice. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. BIO ARGO floats: tools for operational monitoring of the Black Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Palazov, Atanas; Slabakova, Violeta; Peneva, Elisaveta; Stanev, Emil

    2014-05-01

    The assessment of ecological status in the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the physical and biogeochemical processes that determine the functioning of marine ecosystems. One of the main challenges however is the need of data with frequency relevant to the spatial and temporal scales of the ecological processes. The majority of in situ observations that are commonly used for ecological monitoring of the Black Sea are generally based on near-shore monitoring programs or irregular oceanographic cruises that provide either non-synoptic, coarse resolution realizations of large scale processes or detailed, but time and site specific snapshots of local features. These gaps can be filled by two independent sources: satellite observation and profiling floats. In fact satellite ocean color sensors allows for determination at synoptic scale of water quality parameters through its absorption properties. However the satellite ocean color methods have a number of limitations such as: measurements can only be made during daylight hours; require cloud-free conditions and are sensitive to atmospheric aerosols; provide information only for the upper layer of the ocean (approximately the depth of 10% incident light); algorithms developed for global applications are a source of large uncertainties in the marginal seas and costal areas. These constrains of the optical remote sensing observations can be avoided by using miniature biogeochemical sensors and autonomous platforms that offer remarkable perspectives for observing the "biological" ocean, notably at critical spatiotemporal scales which have been out of reach until recently (Claustre et al., 2010). In the frame of "E-AIMS: Euro-Argo Improvements for the GMES marine Service" 7 EC FP project two Bio Argo floats were deployed in the Black Sea. Beside the traditionally CTD the floats were equipped with biogeochemical

  17. 33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65 Section 118.65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable...

  18. 33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70 Section 118.70 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each...

  19. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Floating Breakwater Performance.

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Floating breakwaters are commonly used to protect small marinas and for shoreline erosion control in coastal areas. They are efficient wave attenuation structures for relatively short waves and shallow water depths. The main objective of the current study is to investigate the hydrodynamic interacti...

  20. Benchmark calculations of excess electrons in water cluster cavities: balancing the addition of atom-centered diffuse functions versus floating diffuse functions.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Changzhe; Bu, Yuxiang

    2016-09-14

    Diffuse functions have been proved to be especially crucial for the accurate characterization of excess electrons which are usually bound weakly in intermolecular zones far away from the nuclei. To examine the effects of diffuse functions on the nature of the cavity-shaped excess electrons in water cluster surroundings, both the HOMO and LUMO distributions, vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and visible absorption spectra of two selected (H2O)24(-) isomers are investigated in the present work. Two main types of diffuse functions are considered in calculations including the Pople-style atom-centered diffuse functions and the ghost-atom-based floating diffuse functions. It is found that augmentation of atom-centered diffuse functions contributes to a better description of the HOMO (corresponding to the VDE convergence), in agreement with previous studies, but also leads to unreasonable diffuse characters of the LUMO with significant red-shifts in the visible spectra, which is against the conventional point of view that the more the diffuse functions, the better the results. The issue of designing extra floating functions for excess electrons has also been systematically discussed, which indicates that the floating diffuse functions are necessary not only for reducing the computational cost but also for improving both the HOMO and LUMO accuracy. Thus, the basis sets with a combination of partial atom-centered diffuse functions and floating diffuse functions are recommended for a reliable description of the weakly bound electrons. This work presents an efficient way for characterizing the electronic properties of weakly bound electrons accurately by balancing the addition of atom-centered diffuse functions and floating diffuse functions and also by balancing the computational cost and accuracy of the calculated results, and thus is very useful in the relevant calculations of various solvated electron systems and weakly bound anionic systems.

  1. Scattering of surface water waves involving semi-infinite floating elastic plates on water of finite depth

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chakrabarti, Aloknath; Mohapatra, Smrutiranjan

    2013-09-01

    Two problems of scattering of surface water waves involving a semi-infinite elastic plate and a pair of semi-infinite elastic plates, separated by a gap of finite width, floating horizontally on water of finite depth, are investigated in the present work for a two-dimensional time-harmonic case. Within the frame of linear water wave theory, the solutions of the two boundary value problems under consideration have been represented in the forms of eigenfunction expansions. Approximate values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by solving an over-determined system of linear algebraic equations in each problem. In both the problems, the method of least squares as well as the singular value decomposition have been employed and tables of numerical values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented for specific choices of the parameters for modelling the elastic plates. Our main aim is to check the energy balance relation in each problem which plays a very important role in the present approach of solutions of mixed boundary value problems involving Laplace equations. The main advantage of the present approach of solutions is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained by using both the methods are found to satisfy the energy-balance relations associated with the respective scattering problems under consideration. The absolute values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented graphically against different values of the wave numbers.

  2. Tethered float liquid level sensor

    DOEpatents

    Daily, III, William Dean

    2016-09-06

    An apparatus for sensing the level of a liquid includes a float, a tether attached to the float, a pulley attached to the tether, a rotation sensor connected to the pulley that senses vertical movement of said float and senses the level of the liquid.

  3. Experimental Study on New Multi-Column Tension-Leg-Type Floating Wind Turbine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Yong-sheng; She, Xiao-he; He, Yan-ping; Yang, Jian-min; Peng, Tao; Kou, Yu-feng

    2018-04-01

    Deep-water regions often have winds favorable for offshore wind turbines, and floating turbines currently show the greatest potential to exploit such winds. This work established proper scaling laws for model tests, which were then implemented in the construction of a model wind turbine with optimally designed blades. The aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, and elastic characteristics of the proposed new multi-column tension-leg-type floating wind turbine (WindStar TLP system) were explored in the wave tank testing of a 1:50 scale model at the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Tests were conducted under conditions of still water, white noise waves, irregular waves, and combined wind, wave, and current loads. The results established the natural periods of the motion, damping, motion response amplitude operators, and tendon tensions of the WindStar TLP system under different environmental conditions, and thus could serve as a reference for further research. Key words: floating wind turbine, model test, WindStar TLP, dynamic response

  4. Open-air sprays for capturing and controlling airborne float coal dust on longwall faces

    PubMed Central

    Beck, T.W.; Seaman, C.E.; Shahan, M.R.; Mischler, S.E.

    2018-01-01

    Float dust deposits in coal mine return airways pose a risk in the event of a methane ignition. Controlling airborne dust prior to deposition in the return would make current rock dusting practices more effective and reduce the risk of coal-dust-fueled explosions. The goal of this U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health study is to determine the potential of open-air water sprays to reduce concentrations of airborne float coal dust, smaller than 75 µm in diameter, in longwall face airstreams. This study evaluated unconfined water sprays in a featureless tunnel ventilated at a typical longwall face velocity of 3.6 m/s (700 fpm). Experiments were conducted for two nozzle orientations and two water pressures for hollow cone, full cone, flat fan, air atomizing and hydraulic atomizing spray nozzles. Gravimetric samples show that airborne float dust removal efficiencies averaged 19.6 percent for all sprays under all conditions. The results indicate that the preferred spray nozzle should be operated at high fluid pressures to produce smaller droplets and move more air. These findings agree with past respirable dust control research, providing guidance on spray selection and spray array design in ongoing efforts to control airborne float dust over the entire longwall ventilated opening. PMID:29348700

  5. Open-air sprays for capturing and controlling airborne float coal dust on longwall faces.

    PubMed

    Beck, T W; Seaman, C E; Shahan, M R; Mischler, S E

    2018-01-01

    Float dust deposits in coal mine return airways pose a risk in the event of a methane ignition. Controlling airborne dust prior to deposition in the return would make current rock dusting practices more effective and reduce the risk of coal-dust-fueled explosions. The goal of this U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health study is to determine the potential of open-air water sprays to reduce concentrations of airborne float coal dust, smaller than 75 µm in diameter, in longwall face airstreams. This study evaluated unconfined water sprays in a featureless tunnel ventilated at a typical longwall face velocity of 3.6 m/s (700 fpm). Experiments were conducted for two nozzle orientations and two water pressures for hollow cone, full cone, flat fan, air atomizing and hydraulic atomizing spray nozzles. Gravimetric samples show that airborne float dust removal efficiencies averaged 19.6 percent for all sprays under all conditions. The results indicate that the preferred spray nozzle should be operated at high fluid pressures to produce smaller droplets and move more air. These findings agree with past respirable dust control research, providing guidance on spray selection and spray array design in ongoing efforts to control airborne float dust over the entire longwall ventilated opening.

  6. Observation of oxygen ventilation into deep waters through targeted deployment of multiple Argo-O2 floats in the north-western Mediterranean Sea in 2013

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Coppola, L.; Prieur, L.; Taupier-Letage, I.; Estournel, C.; Testor, P.; Lefevre, D.; Belamari, S.; LeReste, S.; Taillandier, V.

    2017-08-01

    During the winter 2013, an intense observation and monitoring was performed in the north-western Mediterranean Sea to study deep water formation process that drives thermohaline circulation and biogeochemical processes (HYMEX SOP2 and DEWEX projects). To observe intensively and continuously the impact of deep convection on oxygen (O2) ventilation, an observation strategy was based on the enhancement of the Argo-O2 floats to monitor the offshore dense water formation area (DWF) in the Gulf of Lion prior to and at the end of the convective period (December 2012 to April 2013). The intense O2 measurements performed through shipborne CTD casts and Argo-O2 floats deployment revealed an O2 inventory rapidly impacted by mixed layer (ML) deepening on the month scale. The open-sea convection in winter 2013 ventilated the deep waters from mid-February to the end of May 2013. The newly ventilated dense water volume, based on an Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU) threshold, was estimated to be about 1.5 × 1013 m3 during the DWF episode, increasing the deep O2 concentrations from 196 to 205 µmol kg-1 in the north-western basin.

  7. New Water Vapor Barrier Film Based on Lamellar Aliphatic-Monoamine-Bridged Polysilsesquioxane.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Cong; Zhang, Ce; Ding, Ruimin; Cui, Xinmin; Wang, Jing; Zhang, Qinghua; Xu, Yao

    2016-06-15

    Siloxane-based hybrid lamellar materials with ordered nanostructure units paralleling to the substrate have been widely used for water vapor barrier. However, it is very difficult to control the orientation of the lamellar units at molecular level. In this Research Article, a new lamellar bridged polysilsesquioxane (BPSQ) film, whose voids between lamellae were filled by pendant alkyl chains in the organic bridge, was prepared via the stoichiometric reaction between 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and aliphatic monoamine at 60 °C without catalyst. Experimental evidence obtained from FT-IR, MS, NMR, and GIXRD techniques suggested that the as-prepared BPSQ films were constructed by lamellar units with disordered orientation. Nonetheless, they possessed satisfactory water vapor barrier performance for potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) optical crystals, and the water vapor transmission rate through BPSQ film with thickness of 25 μm was as low as 20.3 g·m(-2)·d(-1). Those results proved that filling the voids between molecular lamellae with alkyl chains greatly weakened the effect of lamellar unit orientation on the vapor barrier property of BPSQ film.

  8. Floating treatment wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment.

    PubMed

    Faulwetter, J L; Burr, M D; Cunningham, A B; Stewart, F M; Camper, A K; Stein, O R

    2011-01-01

    Floating islands are a form of treatment wetland characterized by a mat of synthetic matrix at the water surface into which macrophytes can be planted and through which water passes. We evaluated two matrix materials for treating domestic wastewater, recycled plastic and recycled carpet fibers, for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal. These materials were compared to pea gravel or open water (control). Experiments were conducted in laboratory scale columns fed with synthetic wastewater containing COD, organic and inorganic nitrogen, and mineral salts. Columns were unplanted, naturally inoculated, and operated in batch mode with continuous recirculation and aeration. COD was efficiently removed in all systems examined (>90% removal). Ammonia was efficiently removed by nitrification. Removal of total dissolved N was ∼50% by day 28, by which time most remaining nitrogen was present as NO(3)-N. Complete removal of NO(3)-N by denitrification was accomplished by dosing columns with molasses. Microbial communities of interest were visualized with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) by targeting specific functional genes. Shifts in the denitrifying community were observed post-molasses addition, when nitrate levels decreased. The conditioning time for reliable nitrification was determined to be approximately three months. These results suggest that floating treatment wetlands are a viable alternative for domestic wastewater treatment.

  9. Hydraulic modeling of flow impact on bridge structures: a case study on Citarum bridge

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Siregar, R. I.

    2018-02-01

    Flood waves because of the rapid catchment response to high intense rainfall, breaches of flood defenses may induce huge impact forces on structures, causing structural damage or even failures. Overflowing stream that passes over the bridge, it means to discharge flood water level is smaller than the capacity of the river flow. In this study, the researches present the methodological approach of flood modeling on bridge structures. The amount of force that obtained because of the hydrostatic pressure received by the bridge at the time of the flood caused the bridge structure disrupted. This paper presents simulation of flow impact on bridge structures with some event flood conditions. Estimating the hydrostatic pressure developed new model components, to quantify the flow impact on structures. Flow parameters applied the model for analyzing, such as discharge, velocity, and water level or head that effect of bridge structures. The simulation will illustrate the capability of bridge structures with some event flood river and observe the behavior of the flow that occurred during the flood. Hydraulic flood modeling use HEC-RAS for simulation. This modeling will describe the impact on bridge structures. Based on the above modelling resulted, in 2008 has flood effect more than other years on the Citarum Bridge, because its flow overflow on the bridge.

  10. Experimental Investigation of Cylindrical Floating Breakwater Performance with different mooring configurations

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Floating breakwaters are typically used on limited-fetch water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, and bays, where wavelengths are relatively short. They are also often preferred for sites with large water level changes. Common uses are to protect small marinas or for shoreline erosion control. While...

  11. Spatial distributions of floating seaweeds in the East China Sea from late winter to early spring.

    PubMed

    Mizuno, S; Ajisaka, T; Lahbib, S; Kokubu, Y; Alabsi, M N; Komatsu, T

    2014-01-01

    Floating seaweeds play an important role as a habitat for many animals accompanying or attaching to them in offshore waters. It was in 2000 that the first report described abundant distributions of floating seaweeds in offshore waters in the East China Sea in spring. Young individuals of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata are captured for aquaculture purposes from floating seaweeds in the East China Sea. Therefore, a sound understanding of the distributions of floating seaweeds in the East China Sea is needed. Detailed information is especially important during the late winter to early spring, which corresponds to the juvenile period of the yellowtail. Thus, field surveys using R/V Tansei-Maru were conducted in the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone in the East China Sea from late winter to early spring in 2010 and 2011. We obtained positions of the vessel by GPS and transversal distances from the vessel to a raft by visual observation. Distance sampling method (Thomas et al. 2010) was applied to estimation of floating seaweed densities (rafts km -2 ). Seaweed rafts were also randomly sampled using nets during the research cruises. In the East China Sea, seaweed rafts were distributed mainly on the continental shelf west of the Kuroshio, especially in waters between 26° N and 30° N. Collected rafts consisted of only one species, Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh. Taking into account surface currents and geographical distribution of S . horneri , it is estimated that these floating seaweeds originated from natural beds along the coast between mid and south China. Considering the approximate travel times, it is suggested that floating patches are colonized by yellowtails early on during their trips, i.e., close to the Chinese coast.

  12. Assessment of the abnormal growth of floating macrophytes in Winam Gulf (Kenya) by using MODIS imagery time series

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fusilli, L.; Collins, M. O.; Laneve, G.; Palombo, A.; Pignatti, S.; Santini, F.

    2013-02-01

    The objective of this research study is to assess the capability of time-series of MODIS imagery to provide information suitable for enhancing the understanding of the temporal cycles shown by the abnormal growth of the floating macrophytes in order to support monitoring and management action of Lake Victoria water resources. The proliferation of invasive plants and aquatic weeds is of growing concern. Starting from 1989, Lake Victoria has been interested by the high infestation of water hyacinth with significant socio-economic impact on riparian populations. In this paper, we describe an approach based on the time-series of MODIS to derive the temporal behaviour, the abundance and distribution of the floating macrophytes in the Winam Gulf (Kenyan portion of the Lake Victoria) and its possible links to the concentrations of the main water constituencies. To this end, we consider the NDVI values computed from the MODIS imagery time-series from 2000 to 2009 to identify the floating macrophytes cover and an appropriate bio-optical model to retrieve, by means of an inverse procedure, the concentrations of chlorophyll a, coloured dissolved organic matter and total suspended solid. The maps of the floating vegetation based on the NDVI values allow us to assess the spatial and temporal dynamics of the weeds with high time resolution. A floating vegetation index (FVI) has been introduced for describing the weeds pollution level. The results of the analysis show a consistent temporal relation between the water constituent concentrations within the Winam Gulf and the FVI, especially in the proximity of the greatest proliferation of floating vegetation in the last 10 years that occurred between the second half of 2006 and the first half of 2007.The adopted approach will be useful to implement an automatic system for monitoring and predicting the floating macrophytes proliferation in Lake Victoria.

  13. 14 CFR 27.753 - Main float design.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Main float design. 27.753 Section 27.753... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Floats and Hulls § 27.753 Main float design. (a) Bag floats. Each bag float must be designed to withstand— (1) The maximum pressure differential...

  14. 14 CFR 29.753 - Main float design.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Main float design. 29.753 Section 29.753... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction Floats and Hulls § 29.753 Main float design. (a) Bag floats. Each bag float must be designed to withstand— (1) The maximum pressure differential...

  15. Testing and use of radar water level sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Fulford, Janice M.

    2016-01-01

    The United States Geological Survey uses water-level (or stage) measurements to compute streamflow at over 8000 stream gaging stations located throughout the United States (waterwatch.usgs.gov, 2016). Streamflow (or discharge) is computed at five minute to hourly intervals from a relationship between water level and discharge that is uniquely determined for each station. The discharges are posted hourly to WaterWatch (waterwatch. usgs.gov) and are used by water managers to issue flood warnings and manage water supply and by other users of water information to make decisions. The accuracy of the water-level measurement is vital to the accuracy of the computed discharge. Because of the importance of water-level measurements, USGS has an accuracy policy of 0.02 ft or 0.2 percent of reading (whichever is larger) (Sauer and Turnipseed, 2010). Older technologies, such as float and shaft-encoder systems, bubbler systems and submersible pressure sensors, provide the needed accuracy but often require extensive construction to install and are prone to malfunctioning and damage from floating debris and sediment. No stilling wells or orifice lines need to be constructed for radar installations. During the last decade testing by the USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility(HIF) found that radar water-level sensors can provide the needed accuracy for water-level measurements and because the sensor can be easily attached to bridges, reduce the construction required for installation. Additionally, the non-contact sensing of water level minimizes or eliminates damage and fouling from floating debris and sediment. This article is a brief summary of the testing efforts by the USGS HIF and field experiences with models of radar water-level sensors in streamflow measurement applications. Any use of trade names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

  16. Float Zone Workshop

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Naumann, R. J.

    1980-01-01

    A summary of the Analytical Float Zone Experiment System (AFZES) concept is presented. The types of experiments considered for such a facility are discussed. Reports from various industrial producers and users of float zone material are presented. Special emphasis is placed on state-of-the-art developments in low gravity manufacturing and their applications to space processing.

  17. Are floating algal mats a refuge from hypoxia for estuarine invertebrates?

    PubMed Central

    Knysh, Kyle M.; Theriault, Emma F.; Pater, Christina C.; Courtenay, Simon C.; van den Heuvel, Michael R.

    2017-01-01

    Eutrophic aquatic habitats are characterized by the proliferation of vegetation leading to a large standing biomass that upon decomposition may create hypoxic (low-oxygen) conditions. This is indeed the case in nutrient impacted estuaries of Prince Edward Island, Canada, where macroalgae, from the genus Ulva, form submerged ephemeral mats. Hydrological forces and gases released from photosynthesis and decomposition lead to these mats occasionally floating to the water’s surface, henceforth termed floating mats. Here, we explore the hypothesis that floating mats are refugia during periods of sustained hypoxia/anoxia and examine how the invertebrate community responds to it. Floating mats were not always present, so in the first year (2013) sampling was attempted monthly and limited to when both floating and submerged mats occurred. In the subsequent year sampling was weekly, but at only one estuary due to logistical constraints from increased sampling frequency, and was not limited to when both mat types occurred. Water temperature, salinity, and pH were monitored bi-weekly with dissolved oxygen concentration measured hourly. The floating and submerged assemblages shared many of the same taxa but were statistically distinct communities; submerged mats tended to have a greater proportion of benthic animals and floating mats had more mobile invertebrates and insects. In 2014, sampling happened to occur in the weeks before the onset of anoxia, during 113 consecutive hours of sustained anoxia, and for four weeks after normoxic conditions returned. The invertebrate community on floating mats appeared to be unaffected by anoxia, indicating that these mats may be refugia during times of oxygen stress. Conversely, there was a dramatic decrease in animal abundances that remained depressed on submerged mats for two weeks. Cluster analysis revealed that the submerged mat communities from before the onset of anoxia and four weeks after anoxia were highly similar to each other

  18. Offshore Floating Wind Turbine-driven Deep Sea Water Pumping for Combined Electrical Power and District Cooling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sant, T.; Buhagiar, D.; Farrugia, R. N.

    2014-06-01

    A new concept utilising floating wind turbines to exploit the low temperatures of deep sea water for space cooling in buildings is presented. The approach is based on offshore hydraulic wind turbines pumping pressurised deep sea water to a centralised plant consisting of a hydro-electric power system coupled to a large-scale sea water-cooled air conditioning (AC) unit of an urban district cooling network. In order to investigate the potential advantages of this new concept over conventional technologies, a simplified model for performance simulation of a vapour compression AC unit was applied independently to three different systems, with the AC unit operating with (1) a constant flow of sea surface water, (2) a constant flow of sea water consisting of a mixture of surface sea water and deep sea water delivered by a single offshore hydraulic wind turbine and (3) an intermittent flow of deep sea water pumped by a single offshore hydraulic wind turbine. The analysis was based on one year of wind and ambient temperature data for the Central Mediterranean that is known for its deep waters, warm climate and relatively low wind speeds. The study confirmed that while the present concept is less efficient than conventional turbines utilising grid-connected electrical generators, a significant portion of the losses associated with the hydraulic transmission through the pipeline are offset by the extraction of cool deep sea water which reduces the electricity consumption of urban air-conditioning units.

  19. Comparison of solidification of floating drop and homogenous liquid-liquid microextractions for the extraction of two plasticizers from the water kept in PET-bottles.

    PubMed

    Yamini, Yadollah; Ghambarian, Mahnaz; Khalili-Zanjani, Mohammad Reza; Faraji, Mohammad; Shariati, Shahab

    2009-09-01

    Two approaches based on solidification of floating drop microextraction (SFDME) and homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLE) were compared for the extraction and preconcentration of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) from the mineral water samples. In SFDME, a floated drop of the mixture of acetophenone/1-undecanol (1:8) was exposed on the surface of the aqueous solution and extraction was permitted to occur. In HLLE, a homogenous ternary solvent system was used by water/methanol/chloroform and the phase separation phenomenon occurred by salt addition. Under the optimal conditions, the LODs for the two target plasticizers (DEHA and DEHP), obtained by SFDME-GC-FID and HLLE-GC-FID, were ranged from 0.03 to 0.01 microg/L and 0.02 to 0.01 microg/L, respectively. HLLE provided higher preconcentration factors (472.5- and 551.2-fold) within the shorter extraction time as well as better RSDs (4.5-6.9%). While, in SFDME, high preconcentration factors in the range of 162-198 and good RSDs in the range of 5.2-9.6% were obtained. Both methods were applied for the analysis of two plasticizers in different water samples and two target plasticizers were found in the bottled mineral water after the expiring time and the boiling water was exposed to a polyethylene vial.

  20. Bridge deck wearing surfaces.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-11-01

    Several commercially available bridge deck overlay systems claim to be waterproof and reduce deterioration caused by chloride laden water from penetrating concrete bridge decks. An attempt was made to quantify the in-service waterproofing qualities o...

  1. Marine Accident Report -- Ramming of the Poplar Street Bridge by the Towboat M/V City of Greenville and Its Four-Barge Tow, St. Louis, Missouri, April 2, 1983

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-11-29

    floated downriver. One barge sank about 1 mile from the bridge, a second barge collided with barges moored at a chemical barge loading facility, and...about 1 mile from the bridge, a second barge collided with barges moored at a Monsanto Chemical Company barge loading facility, and the other barge...Poplar Street bridge along the Illinois side of the river. One or two of the breakaway barges collided with barges moored at a Monsanto Chemical

  2. Hardening of particle/oil/water suspensions due to capillary bridges: Experimental yield stress and theoretical interpretation.

    PubMed

    Danov, Krassimir D; Georgiev, Mihail T; Kralchevsky, Peter A; Radulova, Gergana M; Gurkov, Theodor D; Stoyanov, Simeon D; Pelan, Eddie G

    2018-01-01

    Suspensions of colloid particles possess the remarkable property to solidify upon the addition of minimal amount of a second liquid that preferentially wets the particles. The hardening is due to the formation of capillary bridges (pendular rings), which connect the particles. Here, we review works on the mechanical properties of such suspensions and related works on the capillary-bridge force, and present new rheological data for the weakly studied concentration range 30-55 vol% particles. The mechanical strength of the solidified capillary suspensions, characterized by the yield stress Y, is measured at the elastic limit for various volume fractions of the particles and the preferentially wetting liquid. A quantitative theoretical model is developed, which relates Y with the maximum of the capillary-bridge force, projected on the shear plane. A semi-empirical expression for the mean number of capillary bridges per particle is proposed. The model agrees very well with the experimental data and gives a quantitative description of the yield stress, which increases with the rise of interfacial tension and with the volume fractions of particles and capillary bridges, but decreases with the rise of particle radius and contact angle. The quantitative description of capillary force is based on the exact theory and numerical calculation of the capillary bridge profile at various bridge volumes and contact angles. An analytical formula for Y is also derived. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental strain at the elastic limit reveals that the fluidization of the capillary suspension takes place only in a deformation zone of thickness up to several hundred particle diameters, which is adjacent to the rheometer's mobile plate. The reported experimental results refer to water-continuous suspension with hydrophobic particles and oily capillary bridges. The comparison of data for bridges from soybean oil and hexadecane surprisingly indicate that the yield strength is

  3. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado: a challenge to float, a challenge to manage

    Treesearch

    David N. Cole

    1989-01-01

    Last summer, I finally got my chance to float the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon, one of the world’s premier adventure trips. For 18 days and 280 miles, my group floated through some of the most spectacular scenery imaginable, spacing our days with hikes through slickrock alcoves, along terraced pools of blue-green water, to waterfalls plunging out of holes on...

  4. NPSNET: Dynamic Terrain and Cultured Feature Depiction

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-09-01

    defaults. bridge(terrain *ptr, vertex pos, bridge mattype bmat ); This constructor takes only the pointer to the underlying terrain, a placement, and a...material to use for construction. bridge(terrain *ptr, vertex pos, bridge-mattype bmat , float dir); This constructor takes a terrain pointer, a...placement position, a material to use, and a direction to run. bridge(terrain *ptr, vertex pos, bridge-mattype bmat , float dir, float width, float height

  5. Electrically floating, near vertical incidence, skywave antenna

    DOEpatents

    Anderson, Allen A.; Kaser, Timothy G.; Tremblay, Paul A.; Mays, Belva L.

    2014-07-08

    An Electrically Floating, Near Vertical Incidence, Skywave (NVIS) Antenna comprising an antenna element, a floating ground element, and a grounding element. At least part of said floating ground element is positioned between said antenna element and said grounding element. The antenna is separated from the floating ground element and the grounding element by one or more electrical insulators. The floating ground element is separated from said antenna and said grounding element by one or more electrical insulators.

  6. Effect of a strengthened ecological floating bed on the purification of urban landscape water supplied with reclaimed water.

    PubMed

    Wang, Wen-Huai; Wang, Yi; Li, Zhi; Wei, Cun-Zhi; Zhao, Jing-Chan; Sun, Lu-Qin

    2018-05-01

    A floating bed (FB) system vegetated with calamus, iris, lythrum, and Hydrocotyle vulgaris, and a strengthened FB (SFB) system with zeolite and sponge iron as fillers were simultaneously applied to purify urban landscape water in different zones. The urban landscape water, an artificial lake of approximately 326m 2 , was supplied with reclaimed water during a six-month experiment. Results indicated that the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the SFB zone (SFBZ) were significantly lower than those in the control zone (CZ) and the FB zone (FBZ) after six months of operation. The average removal efficiencies (AREs) in the SFBZ, FBZ and CZ were 89.98%, 77.39% and 56.37%, respectively, for ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N); 92.49%, 79.55% and 47.85%, respectively, for phosphate (PO 4 3- -P). Meanwhile, the average concentration of Chlorophyll a and the algae density in SFBZ during the experiment were 12.54μg/L and 1.31×10 4 cells/mL, which were lower, obviously, than those in the FBZ and CZ. Moreover, the contribution rates analysis of nutrient removal exhibited that the plant absorption in the removal of N and P occupied 27.85% and 26.36%, whereas the filler adsorption occupied 7.93% and 11.93%, respectively, in the SFB. Thus, the water quality of the artificial lake was improved greatly by the SFB which hybridized fillers and FB together. Finally, it was found that the AREs of NH 4 + -N and PO 4 3- -P in the SFBZ could reach 73.93% and 84.56%, approximately 1.39 and 1.41 times that of the FBZ during the winter. Therefore, the application of an SFB can keep a stable water quality in urban landscape water and avoid the lower removal rate of an FB at low-temperature. In summary, the SFB could effectively improve the water quality of urban landscape water supplied with reclaimed water even in winter. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  7. NULL Convention Floating Point Multiplier

    PubMed Central

    Ramachandran, Seshasayanan

    2015-01-01

    Floating point multiplication is a critical part in high dynamic range and computational intensive digital signal processing applications which require high precision and low power. This paper presents the design of an IEEE 754 single precision floating point multiplier using asynchronous NULL convention logic paradigm. Rounding has not been implemented to suit high precision applications. The novelty of the research is that it is the first ever NULL convention logic multiplier, designed to perform floating point multiplication. The proposed multiplier offers substantial decrease in power consumption when compared with its synchronous version. Performance attributes of the NULL convention logic floating point multiplier, obtained from Xilinx simulation and Cadence, are compared with its equivalent synchronous implementation. PMID:25879069

  8. NULL convention floating point multiplier.

    PubMed

    Albert, Anitha Juliette; Ramachandran, Seshasayanan

    2015-01-01

    Floating point multiplication is a critical part in high dynamic range and computational intensive digital signal processing applications which require high precision and low power. This paper presents the design of an IEEE 754 single precision floating point multiplier using asynchronous NULL convention logic paradigm. Rounding has not been implemented to suit high precision applications. The novelty of the research is that it is the first ever NULL convention logic multiplier, designed to perform floating point multiplication. The proposed multiplier offers substantial decrease in power consumption when compared with its synchronous version. Performance attributes of the NULL convention logic floating point multiplier, obtained from Xilinx simulation and Cadence, are compared with its equivalent synchronous implementation.

  9. Stabilized floating platforms

    DOEpatents

    Thomas, David G.

    1976-01-01

    The subject invention is directed to a floating platform for supporting nuclear reactors and the like at selected offshore sites. The platform is provided with a stabilizer mechanism which significantly reduces the effects of wave action upon the platform and which comprises a pair of relatively small floats attached by rigid booms to the platform at locations spaced therefrom for reducing wave pitch, acceleration, and the resonance period of the wave.

  10. 14 CFR 23.753 - Main float design.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Main float design. 23.753 Section 23.753... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Floats and Hulls § 23.753 Main float design. Each seaplane main float must meet the requirements of § 23.521. [Doc...

  11. Reducing float coal dust

    PubMed Central

    Patts, J.R.; Colinet, J.F.; Janisko, S.J.; Barone, T.L.; Patts, L.D.

    2016-01-01

    Controlling float coal dust in underground coal mines before dispersal into the general airstream can reduce the risk of mine explosions while potentially achieving a more effective and efficient use of rock dust. A prototype flooded-bed scrubber was evaluated for float coal dust control in the return of a continuous miner section. The scrubber was installed inline between the face ventilation tubing and an exhausting auxiliary fan. Airborne and deposited dust mass measurements were collected over three days at set distances from the fan exhaust to assess changes in float coal dust levels in the return due to operation of the scrubber. Mass-based measurements were collected on a per-cut basis and normalized on the basis of per ton mined by the continuous miner. The results show that average float coal dust levels measured under baseline conditions were reduced by more than 90 percent when operating the scrubber. PMID:28018004

  12. A study to estimate the fate and transport of bacteria in river water from birds nesting under a bridge.

    PubMed

    Nayamatullah, M M M; Bin-Shafique, S; Sharif, H O

    2013-01-01

    To investigate the effect of input parameters, such as the number of bridge-dwelling birds, decay rate of the bacteria, flow at the river, water temperature, and settling velocity, a parametric study was conducted using a water quality model developed with QUAL2Kw. The reach of the bacterial-impaired section from the direct droppings of bridge-nesting birds at the Guadalupe River near Kerrville, Texas was estimated using the model. The concentration of Escherichia coli bacteria were measured upstream, below the bridge, and downstream of the river for one-and-a-half years. The decay rate of the indicator bacteria in the river water was estimated from the model using measured data, and was found to be 6.5/day. The study suggests that the number of bridge-dwelling birds, the decay rate, and flow at the river have the highest impact on the fate and transport of bacteria. The water temperature moderately affects the fate and transport of bacteria, whereas, the settling velocity of bacteria did not show any significant effect. Once the decay rates are estimated, the reach of the impaired section was predicted from the model using the average flow of the channel. Since the decay rate does not vary significantly in the ambient environment at this location, the length of the impaired section primarily depends on flow.

  13. Characteristics of a Single Float Seaplane During Take-off

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Crowley, J W , Jr; Ronan, K M

    1925-01-01

    At the request of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics at Langley Field is investigating the get-away characteristics of an N-9H, a DT-2, and an F-5l, as representing, respectively, a single float, a double float, and a boat type of seaplane. This report covers the investigation conducted on the N-9H. The results show that a single float seaplane trims aft in taking off. Until a planing condition is reached the angle of attack is about 15 degrees and is only slightly affected by controls. When planing it seeks a lower angle, but is controllable through a widening range, until at the take-off it is possible to obtain angles of 8 degrees to 15 degrees with corresponding speeds of 53 to 41 M. P. H. or about 40 per cent of the speed range. The point of greatest resistance occurs at about the highest angle of a pontoon planing angle of 9 1/2 degrees and at a water speed of 24 M. P. H.

  14. Analysis of Satellite and Airborne Imagery for Detection of Water Hyacinth and Other Invasive Floating Macrophytes and Tracking of Aquatic Weed Control Efficacy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Potter, Christopher

    2016-01-01

    Waterways of the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta have recently become infested with invasive aquatic weeds such as floating water hyacinth (Eichhoria crassipes) and water primrose (Ludwigia peploides). These invasive plants cause many negative impacts, including, but not limited to: the blocking of waterways for commercial shipping and boating; clogging of irrigation screens, pumps and canals; and degradation of biological habitat through shading. Zhang et al. (1997, Ecological Applications, 7(3), 1039-1053) used NASA Landsat satellite imagery together with field calibration measurements to map physical and biological processes within marshlands of the San Francisco Bay. Live green biomass (LGB) and related variables were correlated with a simple vegetation index ratio of red and near infra-red bands from Landsat images. More recently, the percent (water area) cover of water hyacinth plotted against estimated LGB of emergent aquatic vegetation in the Delta from September 2014 Landsat imagery showed an 80 percent overall accuracy. For the past two years, we have partnered with the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis to conduct new validation surveys of water hyacinth and water primrose coverage and LGB in Delta waterways. A plan is underway to transfer decision support tools developed at NASA's Ames Research Center based on Landsat satellite images to improve Delta-wide integrated management of floating aquatic weeds, while reducing chemical control costs. The main end-user for this application project will be the Division of Boating and Waterways (DBW) of the California Department of Parks and Recreation, who has the responsibility for chemical control of water hyacinth in the Delta.

  15. Impact of anti-tacking agents on properties of gas-entrapped membrane and effervescent floating tablets.

    PubMed

    Kriangkrai, Worawut; Puttipipatkhachorn, Satit; Sriamornsak, Pornsak; Pongjanyakul, Thaned; Sungthongjeen, Srisagul

    2014-12-01

    Tackiness caused by the gas-entrapped membrane (Eudragit(®)RL 30D) was usually observed during storage of the effervescent floating tablets, leading to failure in floatation and sustained release. In this work, common anti-tacking agents (glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and talc) were used to solve this tackiness problem. The impact of anti-tacking agent on the properties of free films and corresponding floating tablets was investigated. GMS was more effective than talc in reducing tackiness of the film. Addition and increasing amount of anti-tacking agents lowered the film mechanical strength, but the coating films were still strong and flexible enough to resist the generated gas pressure inside the floating tablet. Wettability and water vapor permeability of the film decreased with increasing level of anti-tacking agents as a result of their hydrophobicity. No interaction between anti-tacking agents and polymer was observed as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Increasing amount of anti-tacking agents decreased time to float and tended to retard drug release of the floating tablets. Floating properties and drug release were also influenced by type of anti-tacking agents. The obtained floating tablets still possessed good floating properties and controlled drug release even though anti-tacking agent had some effects. The results demonstrated that the tackiness problem of the floating tablets could be solved by incorporating anti-tacking agent into the gas-entrapped membrane.

  16. Module assemblage technology for floating systems: in vitro flotation and in vivo gastro-retention.

    PubMed

    Strusi, Orazio Luca; Sonvico, Fabio; Bettini, Ruggero; Santi, Patrizia; Colombo, Gaia; Barata, Pedro; Oliveira, Ana; Santos, Delfim; Colombo, Paolo

    2008-07-14

    The aim of this research was to study, in vitro by resultant-weight measurement and in vivo by gamma-scintigraphy experiments in humans, the floatation behavior of systems obtained by modules assembled in void configuration. The assembled system technology allowed the manufacturing of a system characterized by the presence of an internal void space that provided an apparent density lower than water. The gastro-retention times of floating assembled systems were determined in comparison with non-floating systems having the same mass and composition. In vitro the floatation of the system started immediately after immersion in water and lasted for more than 5 h. The in vivo studies confirmed that the in vitro floating ability of void configuration was maintained also in the human stomach where the system stayed for periods of time ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 h, depending on the food regimen and the sex of the subject. Reiterate eating and drinking further prolonged the stomach residence time.

  17. Behavioral study of selected microorganisms in an aqueous electrohydrodynamic liquid bridge.

    PubMed

    Paulitsch-Fuchs, Astrid H; Zsohár, Andrea; Wexler, Adam D; Zauner, Andrea; Kittinger, Clemens; de Valença, Joeri; Fuchs, Elmar C

    2017-07-01

    An aqueous electrohydrodynamic (EHD) floating liquid bridge is a unique environment for studying the influence of protonic currents (mA cm -2 ) in strong DC electric fields (kV cm -1 ) on the behavior of microorganisms. It forms in between two beakers filled with water when high-voltage is applied to these beakers. We recently discovered that exposure to this bridge has a stimulating effect on Escherichia coli. . In this work we show that the survival is due to a natural Faraday cage effect of the cell wall of these microorganisms using a simple 2D model. We further confirm this hypothesis by measuring and simulating the behavior of Bacillus subtilis subtilis , Neochloris oleoabundans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and THP-1 monocytes. Their behavior matches the predictions of the model: cells without a natural Faraday cage like algae and monocytes are mostly killed and weakened, whereas yeast and Bacillus subtilis subtilis survive. The effect of the natural Faraday cage is twofold: First, it diverts the current from passing through the cell (and thereby killing it); secondly, because it is protonic it maintains the osmotic pressure in the cell wall, thereby mitigating cytolysis which would normally occur due to the low osmotic pressure of the surrounding medium. The method presented provides the basis for selective disinfection of solutions containing different microorganisms.

  18. Have Floating Rates Been a Success?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Higham, David

    1983-01-01

    Floating exchange rates have not lived up to all expectations, but neither have they performed as badly as some critics have suggested. Examined are the impact of floating rates on balance of payments adjustment, domestic economic policy, and inflation and the claim that floating rates have displayed excessive fluctuations. (Author/RM)

  19. Investigating the potential of floating mires as record of palaeoenvironmental changes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zaccone, C.; Adamo, P.; Giordano, S.; Miano, T. M.

    2012-04-01

    Peat-forming floating mires could provide an exceptional resource for palaeoenvironmental and environmental monitoring studies, as much of their own history, as well as the history of their surrounds, is recorded in their peat deposits. In his Naturalis historia (AD 77-79), Pliny the Elder described floating islands on Lake Vadimonis (now Posta Fibreno Lake, Italy). Actually, a small floating island (ca. 35 m of diameter and 3 m of submerged thickness) still occurs on this calcareous lake fed by karstic springs at the base of the Apennine Mountains. Here the southernmost Italian populations of Sphagnum palustre occur on the small surface of this floating mire known as "La Rota", i.e., a cup-formed core of Sphagnum peat and rhizomes of Helophytes, erratically floating on the water-body of a submerged doline, annexed to the easternmost edge of the lake, characterised by the extension of a large reed bed. Geological evidence point out the existence in the area of a large lacustrine basin since Late Pleistocene. The progressive filling of the lake caused by changing in climatic conditions and neotectonic events, brought about the formation of peat deposits in the area, following different depositional cycles in a swampy environment. Then, a round-shaped portion of fen, originated around lake margins in waterlogged areas, was somehow isolated from the bank and started to float. Coupling data about concentrations and fluxes of several major and trace elements of different origin (i.e., dust particles, volcanic emissions, cosmogenic dusts and marine aerosols), with climate records (plant micro- and macrofossils, pollens, isotopic ratios), biomolecular records (e.g., lipids), detailed age-depth modelling (i.e., 210Pb, 137Cs, 14C), and humification indexes, the present work is hoped to identify and better understand the reliability of this particular "archive", and thus possible relationships between biogeochemical processes occurring in this floating bog and environmental

  20. Hydraulic analysis of the Schoharie Creek bridge

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Froehlich, David C.; Trent, Roy E.

    1989-01-01

    Ten people died on April 5, 1987 as a result of the collapse of two spans of a New York State Thruway bridge into the floodwaters of Schoharie Creek. The cause of the bridge failure was determined to be scour of bed material from under the foundations of piers supporting the bridge. To evaluate the hydraulic conditions that produced the scour, a two-dimensional finite element surface-water flow model was constructed. The model was used to obtain a detailed description of water-surface elevations and depth-averaged velocities within a reach that extends from about 4000 ft downstream of the bridge to about 6000 ft upstream of the bridge.

  1. Submerged flow bridge scour under clear water conditions

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-09-01

    Prediction of pressure flow (vertical contraction) scour underneath a partially or fully submerged bridge superstructure : in an extreme flood event is crucial for bridge safety. An experimentally and numerically calibrated formulation is : developed...

  2. Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wagner, Chad R.; Fitzgerald, Sharon; Antolino, Dominick J.

    2015-12-24

    The characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment chemistry in Currituck Sound along the proposed alignment of the Mid-Currituck Bridge summarized herein provides a baseline for determining the effect of bridge construction and bridge deck runoff on environmental conditions in Currituck Sound.

  3. 33 CFR 115.70 - Advance approval of bridges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Advance approval of bridges. 115... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.70 Advance approval of bridges. (a) The General Bridge Act of 1946 requires the approval of the location and plans of bridges prior...

  4. 33 CFR 115.70 - Advance approval of bridges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Advance approval of bridges. 115... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.70 Advance approval of bridges. (a) The General Bridge Act of 1946 requires the approval of the location and plans of bridges prior...

  5. On floats and float tests

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Seewald, Friedrich

    1931-01-01

    The principal source of information on float resistance is the model test. In view of the insuperable difficulties opposing any attempt at theoretical treatment of the resistance problem, particularly at attitudes which tend toward satisfactory take-off, such as the transitory stage to planing, the towing test is and will remain the primary method for some time.

  6. The origin of platyrrhines: An evaluation of the Antarctic scenario and the floating island model.

    PubMed

    Houle, A

    1999-08-01

    This paper evaluates whether 1) protoplatyrrhines could have migrated to South America via Antarctica, and 2) the floating island model is a plausible transoceanic mode of dispersal for land vertebrates like protoplatyrrhines. Results show that Eocene Antarctica and Australia supported large and dense forests, and that the Antarctic fauna was comprised of many species of vertebrates, including placental and marsupial land mammals. However, no primate remains have ever been reported from these continents. Antarctica and South America were connected until the Middle Eocene (i.e., after the oldest Asian anthropoids), but two major water barriers existed between Antarctica and Asia since the Early Eocene. The Eocene and Oligocene water gap separating Africa and Antarctica was excessively large. Thus, all scenarios involving an Antarctic route have been rejected. The African scenario is difficult to falsify because only one water barrier existed, both paleowinds and paleocurrents were favorable, and Paleogene African anthropoids show phylogenetic affinities to platyrrhines. I tested whether a journey on a hypothetical floating island over the Paleogene Atlantic Ocean exceeds the survival limit of a genetically viable group of animals such as protoplatyrrhines. Studies of water deprivation suggest that they could have been able, with a body weight averaging 1 kg, to survive without water for at least 13 days. I have used the present Atlantic Ocean as a model for the velocity of Paleogene paleowinds and paleocurrents. Considering winds as the key accelerating force of floating islands, the Paleogene Atlantic water barrier could have been crossed, in the most conservative scenario, in 8 days at 50 Mya, 11 days at 40 Mya, and 15 days at 30 Mya. In order to survive a transoceanic journey, however, protoplatyrrhines had to be preadapted to strong seasonal variations in water availability in their original (African) environment. Once on the sea, their brains would have

  7. Microclimate and architectural tectonic: vernacular floating house resilience in Seberang Ulu 1, Palembang

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Puspitasari, P.; Kadri, T.; Indartoyo, I.; Kusumawati, L.

    2018-01-01

    This paper aims to describe the results of preliminary research on floating houses on the Musi River, Seberang Ulu 1, Palembang, focused on studying the influence of microclimates to the tectonics of Rumah Rakit (Floating House). The increase of water surface due to global warming will increase the need of using floating house typology in the future. The description of the inhabitants’ experiences on applying technics to create vernacular floating houses is considered as significant knowledge to develop advance technology on the basis of local characteristic. Vernacular floating houses resilience consists of natural experiences of inhabitants in adapting their daily activities to the characteristic of local climate. By using qualitative approach, the Rumah Rakit inhabitants’ verbal information in this article becomes the main aspect in exploring local knowledge. At the end, the conceptual model of vernacular Rumah Rakit in Seberang Ulu 1, Palembang is formulated, in terms of building architectural tectonic that is closely related to the local climate characteristic. The knowledge can be utilized in the context of rehabilitation or preservation of such architectural objects that are their existences tend to be extinct at this time.

  8. Procedures for scour assessments at bridges in Pennsylvania

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Cinotto, Peter J.; White, Kirk E.

    2000-01-01

    Scour is the process and result of flowing water eroding the bed and banks of a stream. Scour at nearly 14,300 bridges(1) spanning water, and the stability of river and stream channels in Pennsylvania, are being assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). Procedures for bridge-scour assessments have been established to address the needs of PennDOT in meeting a 1988 Federal Highway Administration mandate requiring states to establish a program to assess all public bridges over water for their vulnerability to scour. The procedures also have been established to help develop an understanding of the local and regional factors that affect scour and channel stability. This report describes procedures for the assessment of scour at all bridges that are 20 feet or greater in length that span water in Pennsylvania. There are two basic types of assessment: field-viewed bridge site assessments, for which USGS personnel visit the bridge site, and office-reviewed bridge site assessments, for which USGS personnel compile PennDOT data and do not visit the bridge site. Both types of assessments are primarily focused at assisting PennDOT in meeting the requirements of the Federal Highway Administration mandate; however, both assessments include procedures for the collection and processing of ancillary data for subsequent analysis. Date of bridge construction and the accessibility of the bridge substructure units for inspection determine which type of assessment a bridge receives. A Scour-Critical Bridge Indicator Code and a Scour Assessment Rating are computed from selected collected and compiled data. PennDOT personnel assign the final Scour-Critical Bridge Indicator Code and a Scour Assessment Rating on the basis of their review of all data. (1)Words presented in bold type are defined in the Glossary section of this report.

  9. Layers of air in the water beneath the floating fern Salvinia are exposed to fluctuations in pressure.

    PubMed

    Mayser, Matthias J; Barthlott, Wilhelm

    2014-12-01

    Superhydrophobic, hierarchically structured, technical surfaces (Lotus-effect) are of high scientific and economic interest because of their remarkable properties. Recently, the immense potential of air-retaining superhydrophobic surfaces, for example, for low-friction transport of fluids and drag-reducing coatings of ships has begun to be explored. A major problem of superhydrophobic surfaces mimicking the Lotus-effect is the limited persistence of the air retained, especially under rough conditions of flow. However, there are a variety of floating or diving plant and animal species that possess air-retaining surfaces optimized for durable water-repellency (Salvinia-effect). Especially floating ferns of the genus Salvinia have evolved superhydrophobic surfaces capable of maintaining layers of air for months. Apart from maintaining stability under water, the layer of air has to withstand the stresses of water pressure (up to 2.5 bars). Both of these aspects have an application to create permanent air layers on ships' hulls. We investigated the effect of pressure on air layers in a pressure cell and exposed the air layer to pressures of up to 6 bars. We investigated the suppression of the air layer at increasing pressures as well as its restoration during decreases in pressure. Three of the four examined Salvinia species are capable of maintaining air layers at pressures relevant to the conditions applying to ships' hulls. High volumes of air per surface area are advantageous for retaining at least a partial Cassie-Baxter-state under pressure, which also helps in restoring the air layer after depressurization. Closed-loop structures such as the baskets at the top of the "egg-beater hairs" (see main text) also help return the air layer to its original level at the tip of the hairs by trapping air bubbles. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions

  10. 33 CFR 165.1187 - Security Zones; Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay, California. 165.1187 Section 165.1187... Limited Access Areas Eleventh Coast Guard District § 165.1187 Security Zones; Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay, California. (a) Location. All waters extending...

  11. 33 CFR 165.1187 - Security Zones; Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay, California. 165.1187 Section 165.1187... Limited Access Areas Eleventh Coast Guard District § 165.1187 Security Zones; Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay, California. (a) Location. All waters extending...

  12. Boring crustaceans damage polystyrene floats under docks polluting marine waters with microplastic.

    PubMed

    Davidson, Timothy M

    2012-09-01

    Boring isopods damage expanded polystyrene floats under docks and, in the process, expel copious numbers of microplastic particles. This paper describes the impacts of boring isopods in aquaculture facilities and docks, quantifies and discusses the implications of these microplastics, and tests if an alternate foam type prevents boring. Floats from aquaculture facilities and docks were heavily damaged by thousands of isopods and their burrows. Multiple sites in Asia, Australia, Panama, and the USA exhibited evidence of isopod damage. One isopod creates thousands of microplastic particles when excavating a burrow; colonies can expel millions of particles. Microplastics similar in size to these particles may facilitate the spread of non-native species or be ingested by organisms causing physical or toxicological harm. Extruded polystyrene inhibited boring, suggesting this foam may prevent damage in the field. These results reveal boring isopods cause widespread damage to docks and are a novel source of microplastic pollution. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Catamaran or semi-submersible for floating platform - selection of a better design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qasim, Idrees; Gao, Liangtian; Peng, Duojin; Liu, Bo

    2018-02-01

    With nonstop advancement in marine engineering, more and more new structures are being designed and explored for tidal current energy. There are three different kinds of support structures for tidal current power station mostly in use, which are sea-bed mounted/gravity based system, pile mounted system and floating moored platform. Comparing all of them, the floating mooring system is most suitable for deep water systems and the application of this arrangement is widely usable. In this paper, a semi-submersible and a catamaran as floating platforms for tidal current power stations are studied are compared on the basis of its economics, efficiency of turbine and stability of the station. Based on basic ship theory and using software MAXSURF, the stability of Catamaran tidal current power station is also calculated. It is found that the catamaran design is optimal choice.

  14. Plasma treatment switches the regime of wetting and floating of pepper seeds.

    PubMed

    Shapira, Yekaterina; Multanen, Victor; Whyman, Gene; Bormashenko, Yelena; Chaniel, Gilad; Barkay, Zahava; Bormashenko, Edward

    2017-09-01

    Cold radiofrequency plasma treatment modified wetting and floating regimes of pepper seeds. The wetting regime of plasma-treated seeds was switched from the Wenzel-like partial wetting to the complete wetting. No hydrophobic recovery following the plasma treatment was registered. Environmental scanning electron microscopy of the fine structure of the (three-phase) triple line observed with virgin and plasma-treated seeds is reported. Plasma treatment promoted rapid sinking of pepper seeds placed on the water/air interface. Plasma treatment did not influence the surface topography of pepper seeds, while charged them electrically. Electrostatic repulsion of floating plasma-treated seeds was observed. The surface charge density was estimated from the data extracted from floating of charged seeds and independently with the electrostatic pendulum as σ≈1-2μC/m 2 . Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Guidelines for replacement of deficient bridges with low-water stream crossings in the rural Midwest.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2017-02-01

    This report provides guidance to public officials and engineers considering the replacement of a deficient or obsolete bridge with a low-water stream crossing (LWSC). An LWSC is a structure that is occasionally overtopped by floodwaters and is likely...

  16. Characterization of stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge deck runoff on receiving streams

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wagner, Chad R.; Fitzgerald, Sharon A.; Sherrell, Roy D.; Harned, Douglas A.; Staub, Erik L.; Pointer, Brian H.; Wehmeyer, Loren L.

    2011-01-01

    In 2008, the North Carolina General Assembly passed House Bill 2436 that required the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) to study the water-quality effects of bridges on receiving streams. In response, the NCDOT and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collaborated on a study to provide information necessary to address the requirements of the Bill. To better understand the effects of stormwater runoff from bridges on receiving streams, the following tasks were performed: (1) characterize stormwater runoff quality and quantity from a representative selection of bridges in North Carolina; (2) measure stream water quality upstream from selected bridges to compare bridge deck stormwater concentrations and loads to stream constituent concentrations and loads; and (3) determine if the chemistry of bed sediments upstream and downstream from selected bridges differs substantially based on presence or absence of a best management practice for bridge runoff.

  17. Verification of floating-point software

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hoover, Doug N.

    1990-01-01

    Floating point computation presents a number of problems for formal verification. Should one treat the actual details of floating point operations, or accept them as imprecisely defined, or should one ignore round-off error altogether and behave as if floating point operations are perfectly accurate. There is the further problem that a numerical algorithm usually only approximately computes some mathematical function, and we often do not know just how good the approximation is, even in the absence of round-off error. ORA has developed a theory of asymptotic correctness which allows one to verify floating point software with a minimum entanglement in these problems. This theory and its implementation in the Ariel C verification system are described. The theory is illustrated using a simple program which finds a zero of a given function by bisection. This paper is presented in viewgraph form.

  18. Potential alteration of fjordal circulation due to a large floating structure—Numerical investigation with application to Hood Canal basin in Puget Sound

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Khangaonkar, Tarang; Wang, Taiping

    Circulation in typical fjords is characterized by a shallow brackish layer at the surface over a deep long and narrow saltwater column. This surface layer is responsible for the outflow of water from the fjord, is easily disrupted by external forces, such as wind, and is influenced by freshwater inflow. In this paper, we postulate that the stability of fjordal circulation may also be vulnerable to impacts from anthropogenic alterations, such as floating structures, that could constrict the mixing and transport in the upper layers of the water column. The potential for alteration of circulation in Hood Canal, a silled-fjordmore » located inside Puget Sound, Washington, has been examined. Using classical analytical treatments along the lines formulated by Hansen and Rattray [1965], Rattray [1967], Dyer [1973] and more recently, MacCready [2004], we develop a solution applicable to a range of estuary classifications varying from a partially mixed estuary regime to classical fjord conditions. Both estuary types exist in the Puget Sound system, and we compare our analytical solution with observed data. The analysis is based on an exponential variation of eddy viscosity with depth, and it has been extended further with modifications of the free surface boundary conditions to develop a solution representing the presence of a floating bridge at the estuary/fjord entrance. The model results show that tidally averaged mean circulation under the influence of such a constraint could reduce by as much as 30 to 50 percent. The overall water quality of fjords and narrow estuaries is dependent on net circulation and flushing. A potential decrease in residual flow or a corresponding increase in residence time of this magnitude merits further study.« less

  19. Effect of contact angle on the orientation, stability, and assembly of dense floating cubes.

    PubMed

    Daniello, Robert; Khan, Kashan; Donnell, Michael; Rothstein, Jonathan P

    2014-02-01

    In this paper, the effect of contact angle, density, and size on the orientation, stability, and assembly of floating cubes was investigated. All the cubes tested were more dense than water. Floatation occurred as a result of capillary stresses induced by deformation of the air-water interface. The advancing contact angle of the bare acrylic cubes was measured to be 85°. The contact angle of the cubes was increased by painting the cubes with a commercially available superhydrophobic paint to reach an advancing contact angle of 150°. Depending on their size, density, and contact angle, the cubes were observed to float in one of three primary orientations: edge up, vertex up, and face up. An experimental apparatus was built such that the sum of the gravitational force, buoyancy force, and capillary forces could be measured using a force transducer as a function of cube position as it was lowered through the air-water interface. Measurements showed that the maximum capillary forces were always experienced for the face up orientation. However, when floatation was possible in the vertex up orientation, it was found to be the most stable cube orientation because it had the lowest center of gravity. A series of theoretical predictions were performed for the cubes floating in each of the three primary orientations to calculate the net force on the cube. The theoretical predictions were found to match the experimental measurements well. A cube stability diagram of cube orientation as a function of cube contact angle and size was prepared from the predictions of theory and found to match the experimental observations quite well. The assembly of cubes floating face up and vertex up were also studied for assemblies of two, three, and many cubes. Cubes floating face up were found to assemble face-to-face and form regular square lattice patterns with no free interface between cubes. Cubes floating vertex up were found to assemble in a variety of different arrangements

  20. Wave drag on floating bodies

    PubMed Central

    Le Merrer, Marie; Clanet, Christophe; Quéré, David; Raphaël, Élie; Chevy, Frédéric

    2011-01-01

    We measure the deceleration of liquid nitrogen drops floating at the surface of a liquid bath. On water, the friction force is found to be about 10 to 100 times larger than on a solid substrate, which is shown to arise from wave resistance. We investigate the influence of the bath viscosity and show that the dissipation decreases as the viscosity is increased, owing to wave damping. The measured resistance is well predicted by a model imposing a vertical force (i.e., the drop weight) on a finite area, as long as the wake can be considered stationary. PMID:21876186

  1. DIFMOS - A floating-gate electrically erasable nonvolatile semiconductor memory technology. [Dual Injector Floating-gate MOS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gosney, W. M.

    1977-01-01

    Electrically alterable read-only memories (EAROM's) or reprogrammable read-only memories (RPROM's) can be fabricated using a single-level metal-gate p-channel MOS technology with all conventional processing steps. Given the acronym DIFMOS for dual-injector floating-gate MOS, this technology utilizes the floating-gate technique for nonvolatile storage of data. Avalanche injection of hot electrons through gate oxide from a special injector diode in each bit is used to charge the floating gates. A second injector structure included in each bit permits discharge of the floating gate by avalanche injection of holes through gate oxide. The overall design of the DIFMOS bit is dictated by the physical considerations required for each of the avalanche injector types. The end result is a circuit technology which can provide fully decoded bit-erasable EAROM-type circuits using conventional manufacturing techniques.

  2. Assessing the effectiveness of pollutant removal by macrophytes in a floating wetland for wastewater treatment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Prajapati, Meera; van Bruggen, Johan J. A.; Dalu, Tatenda; Malla, Rabin

    2017-12-01

    The study aimed to evaluate the removal of pollutants by floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) using an edible floating plant, and emergent macrophytes. All experiments were performed under ambient conditions. Physico-chemical parameters were measured, along with microbiological analysis of biofilm within the roots, water column, and sludge and gravel zone. Nitrification and denitrification rates were high in the water zone of Azolla filiculoides, Lemna minor, Lactuca sativa, P. stratiotes, and Phragmites australis. Phosphate removal efficiencies were 23, 10, and 15% for the free-floating hydrophytes, emergent macrophytes, and control and edible plants, respectively. The microbial community was relatively more active in the root zone compared to other zones. Pistia stratiotes was found to be the efficient in ammonium (70%) and total nitrogen (59%) removal. Pistia stratiotes also showed the highest microbial activity of 1306 mg day-1, which was 62% of the total volume. Microbial activity was found in the water zone of all FTWs expect for P. australis. The use of P. stratiotes and the edible plant L. sativa could be a potential option to treat domestic wastewater due to relatively high nutrient and organic matter removal efficiency.

  3. Bridging the Gaps.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Netzer, Greg

    1995-01-01

    Discusses a model water quality monitoring project, Project Bridge, established to train minority girls about to enter eighth grade in scientific procedures followed by hands-on experimentation. Students spent a week monitoring water in an urban stream and analyzing results. (LZ)

  4. The floating anchored craniotomy

    PubMed Central

    Gutman, Matthew J.; How, Elena; Withers, Teresa

    2017-01-01

    Background: The “floating anchored” craniotomy is a technique utilized at our tertiary neurosurgery institution in which a traditional decompressive craniectomy has been substituted for a floating craniotomy. The hypothesized advantages of this technique include adequate decompression, reduction in the intracranial pressure, obviating the need for a secondary cranioplasty, maintained bone protection, preventing the syndrome of the trephined, and a potential reduction in axonal stretching. Methods: The bone plate is re-attached via multiple loosely affixed vicryl sutures, enabling decompression, but then ensuring the bone returns to its anatomical position once cerebral edema has subsided. Results: From the analysis of 57 consecutive patients analyzed at our institution, we have found that the floating anchored craniotomy is comparable to decompressive craniectomy for intracranial pressure reduction and has some significant theoretical advantages. Conclusions: Despite the potential advantages of techniques that avoid the need for a second cranioplasty, they have not been widely adopted and have been omitted from trials examining the utility of decompressive surgery. This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data suggests that the floating anchored craniotomy may be applicable instead of decompressive craniectomy. PMID:28713633

  5. Floating microbial fuel cells as energy harvesters for signal transmission from natural water bodies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schievano, Andrea; Colombo, Alessandra; Grattieri, Matteo; Trasatti, Stefano P.; Liberale, Alessandro; Tremolada, Paolo; Pino, Claudio; Cristiani, Pierangela

    2017-02-01

    A new type of floating microbial fuel cell (fMFC) was developed for power supply of remote environmental sensors and data transmission. Ten operating fMFCs generated a cell potential in the range 100-800 mV depending on the external resistance applied. Power production peaked around 3-3.5 mW (power density of 22-28 mW m-2 cathode) after about 20-30 days of start-up period. The average of daily electrical energy harvested ranged between 10 and 35 mWh/d. Long-term performances were ensured in the presence of dense rice plants (Oryza Sativa). A power management system, based on a step-up DC/DC converter and a low-power data transmission system via SIGFOX™ technology, have been set up for the fMFCs. The tested fMFCs systems allowed to: i) harvest produced energy, ii) supply electronic devices (intermittent LED-light and a buzzer); iii) transmit remote data at low speed (three message of 12 bites each, in 6 s). Several 'floating garden' MFCs were set in the context of demonstrative events at EXPO2015 world exposition held in Milan between May-October 2015. Some of the 'floating garden' MFCs were operating for more than one year.

  6. 14 CFR 23.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... landing. For symmetrical step, bow, and stern landings, the limit water reaction load factors are those....25 tan β times the resultant load in the corresponding symmetrical landing condition; and (2) The... at one float times the step landing load reached under § 23.527. The side load is directed inboard...

  7. 14 CFR 23.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... landing. For symmetrical step, bow, and stern landings, the limit water reaction load factors are those....25 tan β times the resultant load in the corresponding symmetrical landing condition; and (2) The... at one float times the step landing load reached under § 23.527. The side load is directed inboard...

  8. 14 CFR 25.753 - Main float design.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Main float design. 25.753 Section 25.753 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Floats and Hulls § 25.753 Main float design...

  9. Magnetic damping of thermocapillary convection in the floating-zone growth of semiconductor crystals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Morthland, Timothy Edward

    The floating zone is one process used to grow high purity semiconductor single crystals. In the floating-zone process, a liquid bridge of molten semiconductor, or melt, is held by surface tension between the upper, melting polycrystalline feed rod and the lower, solidifying single crystal. A perfect crystal would require a quiescent melt with pure diffusion of dopants during the entire period needed to grow the crystal. However, temperature variations along the free surface of the melt lead to gradients of the temperature-dependent surface tension, driving a strong and unsteady flow in the melt, commonly labeled thermocapillary or Marangoni convection. For small temperature differences along the free surface, unsteady thermocapillary convection occurs, disrupting the diffusion controlled solidification and creating undesirable dopant concentration variations in the semiconductor single crystal. Since molten semiconductors are good electrical conductors, an externally applied, steady magnetic field can eliminate the unsteadiness in the melt and can reduce the magnitude of the residual steady motion. Crystal growers hope that a strong enough magnetic field will lead to diffusion controlled solidification, but the magnetic field strengths needed to damp the unsteady thermocapillary convection as a function of floating-zone process parameters is unknown. This research has been conducted in the area of the magnetic damping of thermocapillary convection in floating zones. Both steady and unsteady flows have been investigated. Due to the added complexities in solving Maxwells equations in these magnetohydrodynamic problems and due to the thin boundary layers in these flows, a direct numerical simulation of the fluid and heat transfer in the floating zone is virtually impossible, and it is certainly impossible to run enough simulations to search for neutral stability as a function of magnetic field strength over the entire parameter space. To circumvent these difficulties

  10. STS-46 MS PLC Hoffman floats in life raft during water egress training at JSC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1992-01-01

    STS-46 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, Mission Specialist (MS) and Payload Commander Jeffrey A. Hoffman floats in a one-person life raft during launch emergency egress (bailout) simulation conducted in JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) Bldg 29 pool. Hoffman, who has just tumbled out a side hatch mockup, waits for his life raft to fully inflate as a SCUBA-equipped diver looks on. The long cylindrical object in the foreground serves as a prop for the crew escape system (CES) pole. In the background MS Franklin R. Chang-Diaz floats in a fully inflated life raft.

  11. Spectrum response estimation for deep-water floating platforms via retardation function representation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Fushun; Liu, Chengcheng; Chen, Jiefeng; Wang, Bin

    2017-08-01

    The key concept of spectrum response estimation with commercial software, such as the SESAM software tool, typically includes two main steps: finding a suitable loading spectrum and computing the response amplitude operators (RAOs) subjected to a frequency-specified wave component. In this paper, we propose a nontraditional spectrum response estimation method that uses a numerical representation of the retardation functions. Based on estimated added mass and damping matrices of the structure, we decompose and replace the convolution terms with a series of poles and corresponding residues in the Laplace domain. Then, we estimate the power density corresponding to each frequency component using the improved periodogram method. The advantage of this approach is that the frequency-dependent motion equations in the time domain can be transformed into the Laplace domain without requiring Laplace-domain expressions for the added mass and damping. To validate the proposed method, we use a numerical semi-submerged pontoon from the SESAM. The numerical results show that the responses of the proposed method match well with those obtained from the traditional method. Furthermore, the estimated spectrum also matches well, which indicates its potential application to deep-water floating structures.

  12. 40 CFR 63.1063 - Floating roof requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the point of refloating the floating roof shall be continuous and shall be performed as soon as... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Floating roof requirements. 63.1063...) National Emission Standards for Storage Vessels (Tanks)-Control Level 2 § 63.1063 Floating roof...

  13. Biogeochemical sensor performance in the SOCCOM profiling float array

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Johnson, Kenneth S.; Plant, Joshua N.; Coletti, Luke J.; Jannasch, Hans W.; Sakamoto, Carole M.; Riser, Stephen C.; Swift, Dana D.; Williams, Nancy L.; Boss, Emmanuel; Haëntjens, Nils; Talley, Lynne D.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.

    2017-08-01

    The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) program has begun deploying a large array of biogeochemical sensors on profiling floats in the Southern Ocean. As of February 2016, 86 floats have been deployed. Here the focus is on 56 floats with quality-controlled and adjusted data that have been in the water at least 6 months. The floats carry oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence, and optical backscatter sensors. The raw data generated by these sensors can suffer from inaccurate initial calibrations and from sensor drift over time. Procedures to correct the data are defined. The initial accuracy of the adjusted concentrations is assessed by comparing the corrected data to laboratory measurements made on samples collected by a hydrographic cast with a rosette sampler at the float deployment station. The long-term accuracy of the corrected data is compared to the GLODAPv2 data set whenever a float made a profile within 20 km of a GLODAPv2 station. Based on these assessments, the fleet average oxygen data are accurate to 1 ± 1%, nitrate to within 0.5 ± 0.5 µmol kg-1, and pH to 0.005 ± 0.007, where the error limit is 1 standard deviation of the fleet data. The bio-optical measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and optical backscatter are used to estimate chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon concentration. The particulate organic carbon concentrations inferred from optical backscatter appear accurate to with 35 mg C m-3 or 20%, whichever is larger. Factors affecting the accuracy of the estimated chlorophyll a concentrations are evaluated.Plain Language SummaryThe ocean science community must move toward greater use of autonomous platforms and sensors if we are to extend our knowledge of the effects of climate driven change within the ocean. Essential to this shift in observing strategies is an understanding of the performance that can be obtained from biogeochemical sensors on</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title14-vol1-sec25-527.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title14-vol1-sec25-527.pdf"><span>14 CFR 25.527 - Hull and main <span class="hlt">float</span> load factors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull and main <span class="hlt">float</span> load factors. 25.527... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure <span class="hlt">Water</span> Loads § 25.527 Hull and main... 1=empirical hull station weighing factor, in accordance with figure 2 of appendix B. (7) r x=ratio...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960021842&hterms=floating+point&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dfloating%2Bpoint','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960021842&hterms=floating+point&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dfloating%2Bpoint"><span>Program Converts VAX <span class="hlt">Floating</span>-Point Data To UNIX</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Alves, Marcos; Chapman, Bruce; Chu, Eugene</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>VAX <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Point to Host <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Point Conversion (VAXFC) software converts non-ASCII files to unformatted <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point representation of UNIX machine. This is done by reading bytes bit by bit, converting them to <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point numbers, then writing results to another file. Useful when data files created by VAX computer must be used on other machines. Written in C language.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982714','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982714"><span>The impact of <span class="hlt">water-floating</span> and high-intensity exercise on rat's HPA axis and interleukins concentrations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Jian; Zhao, Dan; Li, Jie; Wang, Guohong; Hu, Lanping; Shao, Jiaging; Gu, Ping; Du, Hong; Wang, Yangt</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>Our studies explore the changes of blood corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6 concentrations and the pituitary ACTH expression in rats after <span class="hlt">water</span> <span class="hlt">floating</span> in the presence or absence of following high-intensity exercise. The rats were randomly assigned into three groups. Group A served as control; Group B received 180 minutes <span class="hlt">water</span> <span class="hlt">floating</span> and psychological (fear) stimulation; Group C received the same treatment as Group B in addition and 120-minutes non-stop running. Compared to Group A, Group B showed a significant increase of IL-2 (19.91 ± 2.52 vs. 13.09 ± 3.13 ng/ml, P < 0.05), and IL-6 (0.18 ± 0.08 vs. 0.12 ± 0.05 ng/ml, P < 0.05); Group C demonstrated a significant increase of CORT (977.22 ± 207.36 ng/ml vs. 434.58 ± 110.45 ng/ml, P <0.01) and IL-1β (0.21 ± 0.04 vs. 0.16 ± 0.06 ng/ml, P < 0.05), IL-2 (20.29 ± 4.23 vs. 13.09 ± 3.13 ng/ml, P < 0.05), and IL-6 (0.19 ± 0.03 vs. 0.12 ± 0.05 ng/ml, P < 0.05) levels, and a significant decrease of ACTH (16.95 ± 5.46 vs. 22.96 ± 7.32 pg/ml, P = 0.03). Immunohistochemical staining showed the decreased number of pituitary ACTH-positive cells in both Groups B and C (P < 0.05) as compared to Group A. These results have lead us to believe that acute psychological stress can activate the pituitary-adrenal axis and lead to elevation of serum IL-2, IL-6 concentrations. Combined with high-intensity exercise, it can result in the increase of serum CORT, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 levels, and the suppression of ACTH.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1911469O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1911469O"><span>Evaporation suppression from reservoirs using <span class="hlt">floating</span> covers: Lab scale wind-tunnel observations and mechanistic model predictions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Or, Dani; Lehmann, Peter; Aminzadeh, Milad; Sommer, Martina; Wey, Hannah; Krentscher, Christiane; Wunderli, Hans; Breitenstein, Daniel</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The competition over dwindling fresh <span class="hlt">water</span> resources is expected to intensify with projected increase in human population in arid regions, expansion of irrigated land and changes in climate and drought patterns. The volume of <span class="hlt">water</span> stored in reservoirs would also increase to mitigate seasonal shortages due to rainfall variability and to meet irrigation <span class="hlt">water</span> needs. By some estimates up to half of the stored <span class="hlt">water</span> is lost to evaporation, thereby exacerbating the <span class="hlt">water</span> scarcity problem. Recently, there is an upsurge in the use of self-assembling <span class="hlt">floating</span> covers to suppress evaporation, yet the design and implementation remain largely empirical. We report a systematic experimental evaluation of different cover types and external drivers (radiation, wind, wind plus radiation) on evaporation suppression and energy balance of a 1.4 m2 basin placed in a wind-tunnel. Surprisingly, evaporation suppression by black and white <span class="hlt">floating</span> covers (balls and plates) were similar despite significantly different energy balance regimes over the cover surfaces. Moreover, the evaporation suppression efficiency was a simple function of the uncovered area (square root of the uncovered fraction) with linear relations with the covered area in some cases. The thermally decoupled <span class="hlt">floating</span> covers offer an efficient solution to the evaporation suppression with limited influence of the surface energy balance (<span class="hlt">water</span> temperature for black and white covers was similar and remained nearly constant). The results will be linked with a predictive evaporation-energy balance model and issues of spatial scales and long exposure times will be studied.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70074760','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70074760"><span>The collection of clear-<span class="hlt">water</span> contraction and abutment scour data at selected <span class="hlt">bridge</span> sites in the coastal plain and piedmont of South Carolina</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Benedict, Stephen T.; Caldwell, Andy W.; Edited by Abt, S. R. and others</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Clear-<span class="hlt">water</span> contraction and abutment scour data were collected at 128 <span class="hlt">bridge</span> sites in South Carolina. In the sandy soils of the Coastal Plain, clear-<span class="hlt">water</span>-scour data were collected at 63 sites (scour depths ranged from 0.4 to 7.2 meters.) In the clayey soils of the Piedmont, clear-<span class="hlt">water</span>-scour data were collected at 47 sites (scour depths ranged from 0 to 1.4 meters.) In the sandy, clayey soils of the Piedmont, clear-<span class="hlt">water</span>-scour data were collected at 18 sites (scour depths ranged from 0.9 to 5.5 meters.) The field data are to be compiled into a data base that will include <span class="hlt">bridge</span> age; basin, soil and hydraulic characteristics; and theoretical scour data. The data are planned to be statistically analyzed for significant relations that may help explain and (or) predict maximum scour depths at <span class="hlt">bridges</span> in South Carolina.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704154','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704154"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> gastroretentive drug delivery systems: Comparison of experimental and simulated dissolution profiles and floatation behavior.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Eberle, Veronika A; Schoelkopf, Joachim; Gane, Patrick A C; Alles, Rainer; Huwyler, Jörg; Puchkov, Maxim</p> <p>2014-07-16</p> <p>Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) play an important role in the delivery of drug substances to the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract; they offer a possibility to overcome the limited gastric residence time of conventional dosage forms. The aim of the study was to understand drug-release and floatation mechanisms of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> GRDDS based on functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC). The inherently low apparent density of the excipient (approx. 0.6 g/cm(3)) enabled a mechanism of floatation. The higher specific surface of FCC (approx. 70 m(2)) allowed sufficient hardness of resulting compacts. The <span class="hlt">floating</span> mechanism of GRDDS was simulated in silico under simulated acidic and neutral conditions, and the results were compared to those obtained in vitro. United States Pharmacopeia (USP) dissolution methods are of limited usefulness for evaluating <span class="hlt">floating</span> behavior and drug release of <span class="hlt">floating</span> dosage forms. Therefore, we developed a custom-built stomach model to simultaneously analyze <span class="hlt">floating</span> characteristics and drug release. In silico dissolution and floatation profiles of the FCC-based tablet were simulated using a three-dimensional cellular automata-based model. In simulated gastric fluid, the FCC-based tablets showed instant floatation. The compacts stayed afloat during the measurement in 0.1 N HCl and eroded completely while releasing the model drug substance. When <span class="hlt">water</span> was used as dissolution medium, the tablets had no <span class="hlt">floating</span> lag time and sank down during the measurement, resulting in a change of release kinetics. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> dosage forms based on FCC appear promising. It was possible to manufacture <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets featuring a density of less than unity and sufficient hardness for further processing. In silico dissolution simulation offered a possibility to understand <span class="hlt">floating</span> behavior and drug-release mechanism. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030003735','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030003735"><span>Modeling International Space Station (ISS) <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Potentials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ferguson, Dale C.; Gardner, Barbara</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">floating</span> potential of the International Space Station (ISS) as a function of the electron current collection of its high voltage solar array panels is derived analytically. Based on <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Potential Probe (FPP) measurements of the ISS potential and ambient plasma characteristics, it is shown that the ISS <span class="hlt">floating</span> potential is a strong function of the electron temperature of the surrounding plasma. While the ISS <span class="hlt">floating</span> potential has so far not attained the pre-flight predicted highly negative values, it is shown that for future mission builds, ISS must continue to provide two-fault tolerant arc-hazard protection for astronauts on EVA.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70174571','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70174571"><span>Characterization of stormwater runoff from <span class="hlt">bridges</span> in North Carolina and the effects of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> runoff on receiving streams</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Wagner, Chad; Fitzgerald, Sharon; Lauffer, Matthew</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The presentation will provide an overview of a collaborative study between USGS, NC Department of Transportation and URS Corporation to characterize stormwater runoff from <span class="hlt">bridges</span> in North Carolina and the effects of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> runoff on receiving streams. This investigation measured <span class="hlt">bridge</span> deck runoff from 15 <span class="hlt">bridges</span> for 12-15 storms, stream <span class="hlt">water</span>-quality data for baseflow and storm conditions at four of the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> deck sites and streambed sediment chemistry upstream and downstream of 30 <span class="hlt">bridges</span> across North Carolina. Background on why the study was conducted, objectives and scope and a general summary of the major results and conclusions will be presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5260/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5260/"><span>Clear-<span class="hlt">Water</span> Contraction Scour at Selected <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Sites in the Black Prairie Belt of the Coastal Plain in Alabama, 2006</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lee, K.G.; Hedgecock, T.S.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Transportation, made observations of clear-<span class="hlt">water</span> contraction scour at 25 <span class="hlt">bridge</span> sites in the Black Prairie Belt of the Coastal Plain of Alabama. These <span class="hlt">bridge</span> sites consisted of 54 hydraulic structures, of which 37 have measurable scour holes. Observed scour depths ranged from 1.4 to 10.4 feet. Theoretical clear-<span class="hlt">water</span> contraction-scour depths were computed for each <span class="hlt">bridge</span> and compared with observed scour. This comparison showed that theoretical scour depths, in general, exceeded the observed scour depths by about 475 percent. Variables determined to be important in developing scour in laboratory studies along with several other hydraulic variables were investigated to understand their influence within the Alabama field data. The strongest explanatory variables for clear-<span class="hlt">water</span> contraction scour were channel-contraction ratio and velocity index. Envelope curves were developed relating both of these explanatory variables to observed scour. These envelope curves provide useful tools for assessing reasonable ranges of scour depth in the Black Prairie Belt of Alabama.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1237/pdf/ofr20091237.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1237/pdf/ofr20091237.pdf"><span>Application of the multi-dimensional surface <span class="hlt">water</span> modeling system at <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> 339, Copper River Highway, Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Brabets, Timothy P.; Conaway, Jeffrey S.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The Copper River Basin, the sixth largest watershed in Alaska, drains an area of 24,200 square miles. This large, glacier-fed river flows across a wide alluvial fan before it enters the Gulf of Alaska. <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> along the Copper River Highway, which traverses the alluvial fan, have been impacted by channel migration. Due to a major channel change in 2001, <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> 339 at Mile 36 of the highway has undergone excessive scour, resulting in damage to its abutments and approaches. During the snow- and ice-melt runoff season, which typically extends from mid-May to September, the design discharge for the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> often is exceeded. The approach channel shifts continuously, and during our study it has shifted back and forth from the left bank to a course along the right bank nearly parallel to the road.Maintenance at <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> 339 has been costly and will continue to be so if no action is taken. Possible solutions to the scour and erosion problem include (1) constructing a guide bank to redirect flow, (2) dredging approximately 1,000 feet of channel above the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> to align flow perpendicular to the <span class="hlt">bridge</span>, and (3) extending the <span class="hlt">bridge</span>. The USGS Multi-Dimensional Surface <span class="hlt">Water</span> Modeling System (MD_SWMS) was used to assess these possible solutions. The major limitation of modeling these scenarios was the inability to predict ongoing channel migration. We used a hybrid dataset of surveyed and synthetic bathymetry in the approach channel, which provided the best approximation of this dynamic system. Under existing conditions and at the highest measured discharge and stage of 32,500 ft3/s and 51.08 ft, respectively, the velocities and shear stresses simulated by MD_SWMS indicate scour and erosion will continue. Construction of a 250-foot-long guide bank would not improve conditions because it is not long enough. Dredging a channel upstream of <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> 339 would help align the flow perpendicular to <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> 339, but because of the mobility of the channel bed, the dredged channel would</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...81a2179M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...81a2179M"><span>Selection and optimization of mooring cables on <span class="hlt">floating</span> platform for special purposes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ma, Guang-ying; Yao, Yun-long; Zhao, Chen-yao</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>This paper studied a new type of assembled marine <span class="hlt">floating</span> platform for special purposes. The selection and optimization of mooring cables on the <span class="hlt">floating</span> platform are studied. By using ANSYS AQWA software, the hydrodynamic model of the platform was established to calculate the time history response of the platform motion under complex <span class="hlt">water</span> environments, such as wind, wave, current and mooring. On this basis, motion response and cable tension were calculated with different cable mooring states under the designed environmental load. Finally, the best mooring scheme to meet the cable strength requirements was proposed, which can lower the motion amplitude of the platform effectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=boat&pg=2&id=EJ969755','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=boat&pg=2&id=EJ969755"><span>Does It Sink or <span class="hlt">Float</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McDonald, Judith Richards</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This activity is designed to teach prekindergarten to second grade students about the concept of sink or <span class="hlt">float</span> through an inquiry activity. Students will use familiar objects to predict and test the properties of sink and <span class="hlt">float</span>. Background information is offered to teachers to assist them with this activity. This lesson begins with an engaging…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24204642','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24204642"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> ice-algal aggregates below melting arctic sea ice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Assmy, Philipp; Ehn, Jens K; Fernández-Méndez, Mar; Hop, Haakon; Katlein, Christian; Sundfjord, Arild; Bluhm, Katrin; Daase, Malin; Engel, Anja; Fransson, Agneta; Granskog, Mats A; Hudson, Stephen R; Kristiansen, Svein; Nicolaus, Marcel; Peeken, Ilka; Renner, Angelika H H; Spreen, Gunnar; Tatarek, Agnieszka; Wiktor, Jozef</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>During two consecutive cruises to the Eastern Central Arctic in late summer 2012, we observed <span class="hlt">floating</span> algal aggregates in the melt-<span class="hlt">water</span> layer below and between melting ice floes of first-year pack ice. The macroscopic (1-15 cm in diameter) aggregates had a mucous consistency and were dominated by typical ice-associated pennate diatoms embedded within the mucous matrix. Aggregates maintained buoyancy and accumulated just above a strong pycnocline that separated meltwater and seawater layers. We were able, for the first time, to obtain quantitative abundance and biomass estimates of these aggregates. Although their biomass and production on a square metre basis was small compared to ice-algal blooms, the <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice-algal aggregates supported high levels of biological activity on the scale of the individual aggregate. In addition they constituted a food source for the ice-associated fauna as revealed by pigments indicative of zooplankton grazing, high abundance of naked ciliates, and ice amphipods associated with them. During the Arctic melt season, these <span class="hlt">floating</span> aggregates likely play an important ecological role in an otherwise impoverished near-surface sea ice environment. Our findings provide important observations and measurements of a unique aggregate-based habitat during the 2012 record sea ice minimum year.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3804104','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3804104"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> Ice-Algal Aggregates below Melting Arctic Sea Ice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Assmy, Philipp; Ehn, Jens K.; Fernández-Méndez, Mar; Hop, Haakon; Katlein, Christian; Sundfjord, Arild; Bluhm, Katrin; Daase, Malin; Engel, Anja; Fransson, Agneta; Granskog, Mats A.; Hudson, Stephen R.; Kristiansen, Svein; Nicolaus, Marcel; Peeken, Ilka; Renner, Angelika H. H.; Spreen, Gunnar; Tatarek, Agnieszka; Wiktor, Jozef</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>During two consecutive cruises to the Eastern Central Arctic in late summer 2012, we observed <span class="hlt">floating</span> algal aggregates in the melt-<span class="hlt">water</span> layer below and between melting ice floes of first-year pack ice. The macroscopic (1-15 cm in diameter) aggregates had a mucous consistency and were dominated by typical ice-associated pennate diatoms embedded within the mucous matrix. Aggregates maintained buoyancy and accumulated just above a strong pycnocline that separated meltwater and seawater layers. We were able, for the first time, to obtain quantitative abundance and biomass estimates of these aggregates. Although their biomass and production on a square metre basis was small compared to ice-algal blooms, the <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice-algal aggregates supported high levels of biological activity on the scale of the individual aggregate. In addition they constituted a food source for the ice-associated fauna as revealed by pigments indicative of zooplankton grazing, high abundance of naked ciliates, and ice amphipods associated with them. During the Arctic melt season, these <span class="hlt">floating</span> aggregates likely play an important ecological role in an otherwise impoverished near-surface sea ice environment. Our findings provide important observations and measurements of a unique aggregate-based habitat during the 2012 record sea ice minimum year. PMID:24204642</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title14-vol1-sec29-757.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title14-vol1-sec29-757.pdf"><span>14 CFR 29.757 - Hull and auxiliary <span class="hlt">float</span> strength.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull and auxiliary <span class="hlt">float</span> strength. 29.757... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Design and Construction <span class="hlt">Floats</span> and Hulls § 29.757 Hull and auxiliary <span class="hlt">float</span> strength. The hull, and auxiliary <span class="hlt">floats</span> if used, must withstand the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GBioC..31..591W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GBioC..31..591W"><span>Calculating surface ocean pCO2 from biogeochemical Argo <span class="hlt">floats</span> equipped with pH: An uncertainty analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Williams, N. L.; Juranek, L. W.; Feely, R. A.; Johnson, K. S.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Talley, L. D.; Dickson, A. G.; Gray, A. R.; Wanninkhof, R.; Russell, J. L.; Riser, S. C.; Takeshita, Y.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>More than 74 biogeochemical profiling <span class="hlt">floats</span> that measure <span class="hlt">water</span> column pH, oxygen, nitrate, fluorescence, and backscattering at 10 day intervals have been deployed throughout the Southern Ocean. Calculating the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2sw) from <span class="hlt">float</span> pH has uncertainty contributions from the pH sensor, the alkalinity estimate, and carbonate system equilibrium constants, resulting in a relative standard uncertainty in pCO2sw of 2.7% (or 11 µatm at pCO2sw of 400 µatm). The calculated pCO2sw from several <span class="hlt">floats</span> spanning a range of oceanographic regimes are compared to existing climatologies. In some locations, such as the subantarctic zone, the <span class="hlt">float</span> data closely match the climatologies, but in the polar Antarctic zone significantly higher pCO2sw are calculated in the wintertime implying a greater air-sea CO2 efflux estimate. Our results based on four representative <span class="hlt">floats</span> suggest that despite their uncertainty relative to direct measurements, the <span class="hlt">float</span> data can be used to improve estimates for air-sea carbon flux, as well as to increase knowledge of spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability in this flux.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1087194','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1087194"><span>Assessing Fatigue and Ultimate Load Uncertainty in <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Offshore Wind Turbines Due to Varying Simulation Length</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Stewart, G.; Lackner, M.; Haid, L.</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>With the push towards siting wind turbines farther offshore due to higher wind quality and less visibility, <span class="hlt">floating</span> offshore wind turbines, which can be located in deep <span class="hlt">water</span>, are becoming an economically attractive option. The International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) 61400-3 design standard covers fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines, but there are a number of new research questions that need to be answered to modify these standards so that they are applicable to <span class="hlt">floating</span> wind turbines. One issue is the appropriate simulation length needed for <span class="hlt">floating</span> turbines. This paper will discuss the results from a study assessing the impact of simulation lengthmore » on the ultimate and fatigue loads of the structure, and will address uncertainties associated with changing the simulation length for the analyzed <span class="hlt">floating</span> platform. Recommendations of required simulation length based on load uncertainty will be made and compared to current simulation length requirements.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec118-85.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec118-85.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.85 - Lights on vertical lift <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on vertical lift <span class="hlt">bridges</span>... <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.85 Lights on vertical lift <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Lift span lights. The vertical lift span of every vertical lift <span class="hlt">bridge</span> shall be lighted so that the center of the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec118-85.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec118-85.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.85 - Lights on vertical lift <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on vertical lift <span class="hlt">bridges</span>... <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.85 Lights on vertical lift <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Lift span lights. The vertical lift span of every vertical lift <span class="hlt">bridge</span> shall be lighted so that the center of the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989619','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989619"><span>Response diversity of free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants to nutrient stoichiometry and temperature: growth and resting body formation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McCann, Michael J</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants, like most groups of aquatic primary producers, can become nuisance vegetation under certain conditions. On the other hand, there is substantial optimism for the applied uses of free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants, such as wastewater treatment, biofuel production, and aquaculture. Therefore, understanding the species-specific responses of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants to abiotic conditions will inform both management decisions and the beneficial applications of these plants. I measured the responses of three <span class="hlt">floating</span> plant species common in the northeast United States (Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Wolffia brasiliensis) to nutrient stoichiometry (nitrogen and phosphorus) and temperature in the laboratory. I also used survey data to determine the pattern of species richness of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants in the field and its relationship with the dominance of this group. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> plant species exhibited unique responses to nutrient stoichiometry and temperature in the laboratory, especially under low temperatures (18 °C) and low nutrient conditions (0.5 mg N L(-1), 0.083 mg P L(-1)). The three species displayed an apparent tradeoff with different strategies of growth or dormancy. In the field, <span class="hlt">water</span> bodies with three or more species of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants were not more frequently dominated by this group. The response diversity observed in the lab may not be associated with the dominance of this group in the field because it is masked by environmental variability, has a weak effect, or is only important during transient circumstances. Future research to develop applied uses of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants should examine response diversity across a greater range of species or clones and environmental conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4793347','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4793347"><span>Response diversity of free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants to nutrient stoichiometry and temperature: growth and resting body formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants, like most groups of aquatic primary producers, can become nuisance vegetation under certain conditions. On the other hand, there is substantial optimism for the applied uses of free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants, such as wastewater treatment, biofuel production, and aquaculture. Therefore, understanding the species-specific responses of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants to abiotic conditions will inform both management decisions and the beneficial applications of these plants. I measured the responses of three <span class="hlt">floating</span> plant species common in the northeast United States (Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Wolffia brasiliensis) to nutrient stoichiometry (nitrogen and phosphorus) and temperature in the laboratory. I also used survey data to determine the pattern of species richness of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants in the field and its relationship with the dominance of this group. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> plant species exhibited unique responses to nutrient stoichiometry and temperature in the laboratory, especially under low temperatures (18 °C) and low nutrient conditions (0.5 mg N L−1, 0.083 mg P L−1). The three species displayed an apparent tradeoff with different strategies of growth or dormancy. In the field, <span class="hlt">water</span> bodies with three or more species of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants were not more frequently dominated by this group. The response diversity observed in the lab may not be associated with the dominance of this group in the field because it is masked by environmental variability, has a weak effect, or is only important during transient circumstances. Future research to develop applied uses of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants should examine response diversity across a greater range of species or clones and environmental conditions. PMID:26989619</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ar0136.sheet.00008a/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ar0136.sheet.00008a/"><span>Three <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Fryer's Ford <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Nimrod <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, and Ward's ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Three <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> - Fryer's Ford <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Nimrod <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, and Ward's Crossing <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> - Fryer's Ford <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Spanning East Fork of Point Remove Creek at Fryer <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Road (CR 67), Solgohachia, Conway County, AR</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003128.htm','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003128.htm"><span>Stools - <span class="hlt">floating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... diagnosis. Alternative Names <span class="hlt">Floating</span> stools Images Lower digestive anatomy References Schiller LR, Sellin JH. Diarrhea. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease . 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900025640&hterms=floating+point&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dfloating%2Bpoint','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900025640&hterms=floating+point&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dfloating%2Bpoint"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> point arithmetic in future supercomputers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bailey, David H.; Barton, John T.; Simon, Horst D.; Fouts, Martin J.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Considerations in the <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point design of a supercomputer are discussed. Particular attention is given to word size, hardware support for extended precision, format, and accuracy characteristics. These issues are discussed from the perspective of the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation Systems Division at NASA Ames. The features believed to be most important for a future supercomputer <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point design include: (1) a 64-bit IEEE <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point format with 11 exponent bits, 52 mantissa bits, and one sign bit and (2) hardware support for reasonably fast double-precision arithmetic.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004111','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004111"><span><span class="hlt">Float</span> processing of high-temperature complex silicate glasses and <span class="hlt">float</span> baths used for same</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cooper, Reid Franklin (Inventor); Cook, Glen Bennett (Inventor)</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">float</span> glass process for production of high melting temperature glasses utilizes a binary metal alloy bath having the combined properties of a low melting point, low reactivity with oxygen, low vapor pressure, and minimal reactivity with the silicate glasses being formed. The metal alloy of the <span class="hlt">float</span> medium is exothermic with a solvent metal that does not readily form an oxide. The vapor pressure of both components in the alloy is low enough to prevent deleterious vapor deposition, and there is minimal chemical and interdiffusive interaction of either component with silicate glasses under the <span class="hlt">float</span> processing conditions. Alloys having the desired combination of properties include compositions in which gold, silver or copper is the solvent metal and silicon, germanium or tin is the solute, preferably in eutectic or near-eutectic compositions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234b/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234b/report.pdf"><span>Transport of dissolved and suspended material by the Potomac River at Chain <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, at Washington, D.C., <span class="hlt">water</span> years 1978-81</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Blanchard, Stephen F.; Hahl, D.C.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>The measuring station Potomac River at Chain <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> at Washington, D.C., is located at the upstream end of the tidal Potomac River. <span class="hlt">Water</span>-quality data were collected intensively at this site from December 1977 through September 1981 as part of a study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary. Analysis of <span class="hlt">water</span>-discharge data from the long-term gage at Little Falls, just up stream from Chain <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, shows that streamflow for the 1979-81 <span class="hlt">water</span> years had characteristics similar to the 51-year average discharge (1931-81). Loads were computed for various forms of phosphorus and nitrogen, major cations and anions, silica, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a and pheophytin, and suspended sediment. Load duration curves for the 1979-81 <span class="hlt">water</span> years show that 50 percent of the time, <span class="hlt">water</span> passing Chain <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> carried at least 28 metric tons per day of total nitrogen, 1.0 metric tons per day of total phosphorus, 70 metric tons per day of silica, and 270 metric tons per day of suspended sediment. No consistent seasonal change in constituent concentrations was observed; however, a seasonal trend in loads due to seasonal changes in runoff was noted. Some storm runoff events transported as much dissolved and suspended material as is transported during an entire low-flow year.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1057931','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1057931"><span>WindWave<span class="hlt">Float</span> (WWF): Final Scientific Report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Alla Weinstein; Roddier, Dominique; Banister, Kevin</p> <p>2012-03-30</p> <p>Principle Power Inc. and National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) have completed a contract to assess the technical and economic feasibility of integrating wave energy converters into the Wind<span class="hlt">Float</span>, resulting in a new concept called the WindWave<span class="hlt">Float</span> (WWF). The concentration of several devices on one platform could offer a potential for both economic and operational advantages. Wind and wave energy converters can share the electrical cable and power transfer equipment to transport the electricity to shore. Access to multiple generation devices could be simplified, resulting in cost saving at the operational level. Overall capital costs may also be reduced, provided thatmore » the design of the foundation can be adapted to multiple devices with minimum modifications. Finally, the WindWave<span class="hlt">Float</span> confers the ability to increase energy production from individual <span class="hlt">floating</span> support structures, potentially leading to a reduction in levelized energy costs, an increase in the overall capacity factor, and greater stability of the electrical power delivered to the grid. The research conducted under this grant investigated the integration of several wave energy device types into the Wind<span class="hlt">Float</span> platform. Several of the resulting system designs demonstrated technical feasibility, but the size and design constraints of the wave energy converters (technical and economic) make the WindWave<span class="hlt">Float</span> concept economically unfeasible at this time. Not enough additional generation could be produced to make the additional expense associated with wave energy conversion integration into the Wind<span class="hlt">Float</span> worthwhile.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930081446','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930081446"><span>The Aerodynamic Drag of Five Models of Side <span class="hlt">Floats</span> N.A.C.A. Models 51-E, 51-F, 51-G, 51-H, 51-J</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>House, R O</p> <p>1938-01-01</p> <p>The drag of five models of side <span class="hlt">floats</span> was measured in the N.A.C.A. 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel. The most promising method of reducing the drag of <span class="hlt">floats</span> indicated by these tests is lowering the angle at which the <span class="hlt">floats</span> are rigged. The addition of a step to a <span class="hlt">float</span> does not always increase the drag in the flying range, <span class="hlt">floats</span> with steps sometimes having lower drag than similar <span class="hlt">floats</span> without steps. Making the bow chine no higher than necessary might result in a reduction in air drag because of the lower angle of pitch of the chines. Since side <span class="hlt">floats</span> are used formally to obtain lateral stability when the seaplane is operating on the <span class="hlt">water</span> at slow speeds or at rest, greater consideration can be given to factors affecting aerodynamic drag than is possible for other types of <span class="hlt">floats</span> and hulls.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol16/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol16-sec65-44.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol16/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol16-sec65-44.pdf"><span>40 CFR 65.44 - External <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof (EFR).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof except for automatic bleeder vents (vacuum breaker vents) and rim space vents does... <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall meet the following specifications: (i) Except for automatic bleeder vents (vacuum breaker vents) and rim space vents, each opening in the noncontact external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall provide a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol16/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol16-sec65-44.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol16/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol16-sec65-44.pdf"><span>40 CFR 65.44 - External <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof (EFR).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof except for automatic bleeder vents (vacuum breaker vents) and rim space vents does... <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall meet the following specifications: (i) Except for automatic bleeder vents (vacuum breaker vents) and rim space vents, each opening in the noncontact external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall provide a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol16/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol16-sec65-44.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol16/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol16-sec65-44.pdf"><span>40 CFR 65.44 - External <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof (EFR).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof except for automatic bleeder vents (vacuum breaker vents) and rim space vents does... <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall meet the following specifications: (i) Except for automatic bleeder vents (vacuum breaker vents) and rim space vents, each opening in the noncontact external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall provide a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=153044','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=153044"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> plant dominance as a stable state</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Scheffer, Marten; Szabó, Sándor; Gragnani, Alessandra; van Nes, Egbert H.; Rinaldi, Sergio; Kautsky, Nils; Norberg, Jon; Roijackers, Rudi M. M.; Franken, Rob J. M.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Invasion by mats of free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants is among the most important threats to the functioning and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems ranging from temperate ponds and ditches to tropical lakes. Dark, anoxic conditions under thick <span class="hlt">floating</span>-plant cover leave little opportunity for animal or plant life, and they can have large negative impacts on fisheries and navigation in tropical lakes. Here, we demonstrate that <span class="hlt">floating</span>-plant dominance can be a self-stabilizing ecosystem state, which may explain its notorious persistence in many situations. Our results, based on experiments, field data, and models, represent evidence for alternative domains of attraction in ecosystems. An implication of our findings is that nutrient enrichment reduces the resilience of freshwater systems against a shift to <span class="hlt">floating</span>-plant dominance. On the other hand, our results also suggest that a single drastic harvest of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants can induce a permanent shift to an alternative state dominated by rooted, submerged growth forms. PMID:12634429</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMOS31A1232J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMOS31A1232J"><span>Long-Term Observations of Ocean Biogeochemistry with Nitrate and Oxygen Sensors in Apex Profiling <span class="hlt">Floats</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Johnson, K. S.; Coletti, L.; Jannasch, H.; Martz, T.; Swift, D.; Riser, S.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Long-term, autonomous observations of ocean biogeochemical cycles are now feasible with chemical sensors in profiling <span class="hlt">floats</span>. These sensors will enable decadal-scale observations of trends in global ocean biogeochemical cycles. Here, we focus on measurements on nitrate and dissolved oxygen. The ISUS (In Situ Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer) optical nitrate sensor has been adapted to operate in a Webb Research, Apex profiling <span class="hlt">float</span>. The Apex <span class="hlt">float</span> is of the type used in the Argo array and is designed for multi-year, expendable deployments in the ocean. <span class="hlt">Floats</span> park at 1000 m depth and make 60 nitrate and oxygen measurements at depth intervals ranging from 50 m below 400 m to 5 m in the upper 100 m as they profile to the surface. All data are transmitted to shore using the Iridium telemetry system and they are available on the Internet in near-real time. <span class="hlt">Floats</span> equipped with ISUS and an Aanderaa oxygen sensor are capable of making 280 vertical profiles from 1000 m. At a 5 day cycle time, the <span class="hlt">floats</span> should have nearly a four year endurance. Three <span class="hlt">floats</span> have now been deployed at the Hawaii Ocean Time series station (HOT), Ocean Station Papa (OSP) in the Gulf of Alaska and at 50 South, 30 East in the Southern Ocean. Two additional <span class="hlt">floats</span> are designated for deployment at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series station (BATS) and in the Drake Passage. The HOT <span class="hlt">float</span> has made 56 profiles over 260 days and should continue operating for 3 more years. Nitrate concentrations are in excellent agreement with the long-term mean observed at HOT. No significant long-term drift in sensor response has occurred. A variety of features have been observed in the HOT nitrate data that are linked to contemporaneous changes in oxygen production and mesoscale dynamics. The impacts of these features will be briefly described. The Southern Ocean <span class="hlt">float</span> has operated for 200 days and is now observing reinjection of nitrate into surface <span class="hlt">waters</span> as winter mixing occurs(surface nitrate > 24 micromolar). We</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec118-110.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec118-110.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.110 - Daymarks and lateral lighting on <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.110 Section 118.110 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.110 Daymarks and lateral lighting on <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a... through <span class="hlt">bridges</span> with U.S. aids to navigation system lateral marks and lights installed on the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec118-110.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec118-110.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.110 - Daymarks and lateral lighting on <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.110 Section 118.110 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.110 Daymarks and lateral lighting on <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a... through <span class="hlt">bridges</span> with U.S. aids to navigation system lateral marks and lights installed on the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol15/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol15-sec65-44.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol15/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol15-sec65-44.pdf"><span>40 CFR 65.44 - External <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof (EFR).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... design requirements. The owner or operator who elects to control storage vessel regulated material emissions by using an external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall comply with the design requirements listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section. (1) The external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall be designed to <span class="hlt">float</span> on the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol15/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol15-sec65-44.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol15/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol15-sec65-44.pdf"><span>40 CFR 65.44 - External <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof (EFR).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... design requirements. The owner or operator who elects to control storage vessel regulated material emissions by using an external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall comply with the design requirements listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section. (1) The external <span class="hlt">floating</span> roof shall be designed to <span class="hlt">float</span> on the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e000945.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e000945.html"><span>Operation Ice<span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Turns Five</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>In May 2014, two new studies concluded that a section of the land-based West Antarctic ice sheet had reached a point of inevitable collapse. Meanwhile, fresh observations from September 2014 showed sea ice around Antarctica had reached its greatest extent since the late 1970s. To better understand such dynamic and dramatic differences in the region's land and sea ice, researchers are travelling south to Antarctica this month for the sixth campaign of NASA’s Operation Ice<span class="hlt">Bridge</span>. The airborne campaign, which also flies each year over Greenland, makes annual surveys of the ice with instrumented research aircraft. Instruments range from lasers that map the elevation of the ice surface, radars that "see" below it, and downward looking cameras to provide a natural-color perspective. The Digital Mapping System (DMS) camera acquired the above photo during the mission’s first science flight on October 16, 2009. At the time of the image, the DC-8 aircraft was flying at an altitude of 515 meters (1,700 feet) over heavily compacted first-year sea ice along the edge of the Amundsen Sea. Since that first flight, much has been gleaned from Ice<span class="hlt">Bridge</span> data. For example, images from an Ice<span class="hlt">Bridge</span> flight in October 2011 revealed a massive crack running about 29 kilometers (18 miles) across the <span class="hlt">floating</span> tongue of Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier. The crack ultimately led to a 725-square-kilometer (280-square-mile) iceberg. In 2012, Ice<span class="hlt">Bridge</span> data was a key part of a new map of Antarctica called Bedmap2. By combining surface elevation, ice thickness, and bedrock topography, Bedmap2 gives a clearer picture of Antarctica from the ice surface down to the land surface. Discoveries have been made in Greenland, too, including the identification of a 740-kilometer-long (460-mile-long) mega canyon below the ice sheet. Repeated measurements of land and sea ice from aircraft extend the record of observations once made by NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite, or ICESat, which</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApPhL..95t3112L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApPhL..95t3112L"><span>Nonvolatile memory with Co-SiO2 core-shell nanocrystals as charge storage nodes in <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Hai; Ferrer, Domingo A.; Ferdousi, Fahmida; Banerjee, Sanjay K.</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>In this letter, we reported nanocrystal <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate memory with Co-SiO2 core-shell nanocrystal charge storage nodes. By using a <span class="hlt">water</span>-in-oil microemulsion scheme, Co-SiO2 core-shell nanocrystals were synthesized and closely packed to achieve high density matrix in the <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate without aggregation. The insulator shell also can help to increase the thermal stability of the nanocrystal metal core during the fabrication process to improve memory performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31957','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31957"><span>Guidelines for replacement of deficient <span class="hlt">bridges</span> with low-<span class="hlt">water</span> stream crossings in the rural Midwest : technical summary.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>This report provides guidance to public officials and engineers considering the replacement of a deficient or obsolete <span class="hlt">bridge</span> with a low-<span class="hlt">water</span> stream crossing (LWSC). An LWSC is a structure that is occasionally overtopped by floodwaters and is likely...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008cosp...37.2883S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008cosp...37.2883S"><span>On the Onset of Thermocapillary Convection in a Liquid <span class="hlt">bridge</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shukla, Kedar</p> <p></p> <p>Thermo capillary convection refers to motion driven by the application of a temperature gradient along the interface. The temperature gradient may be large enough to cause oscillations in the basic state of the fluid. The vast majority of the liquid <span class="hlt">bridge</span> investigations performed aboard on the sounding rockets or the space shuttles [1, 2] focused on the <span class="hlt">float</span> zone processes because the process has been regarded as a candidate for the space based manufacturing of semiconductor materials. Although the buoyancy effect is avoided in the <span class="hlt">floating</span> zone techniques during space operation, it experiences surface tension driven convection initiated by the temperature gradient along the free surface of the zone [3]. The appearance of the oscillatory thermo capillary convection couples with the solidification processes leads to the striations and results into the degradation of the crystals [4, 5]. The half zone consists of the liquid <span class="hlt">bridge</span> held between two solid, planar end walls across which a temperature gradient is applied. Thus the basic state of thermo capillary convection consists of a single toroidal roll with the surface motion directed downwards from the hot upper disc to the cold lower one. Bennacer et al [6] studied how different axial profiles of the heat flux affect the flow patterns and transition from ax symmetric steady to ax symmetric oscillatory flow. The three dimensional instability of liquid <span class="hlt">bridges</span> located between isothermal differentially heated disks were studied by several authors [7-14]. The interface deformation caused by the gravity jitters depends on the volume of the liquid <span class="hlt">bridge</span> and cause changes in the physical properties of the liquid, which ultimately influence the basic state of the fluid [15-16]. The paper discusses Marangoni convection in a liquid <span class="hlt">bridge</span> subject to g-jitters in a micro gravity environment. The parametric excitement of the liquid <span class="hlt">bridge</span> with surface tension variation along with the free surface is considered. We will</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Floaters&id=ED304284','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Floaters&id=ED304284"><span>Sink or <span class="hlt">Float</span>. Modified Primary. Revised. Anchorage School District Elementary Science Program.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Defendorf, Jean, Ed.</p> <p></p> <p>This publication provides information and activities for teaching about <span class="hlt">water</span>, whether certain objects will sink or <span class="hlt">float</span>, and process skills including observing, classifying, inferring, measuring, predicting, and collecting and interpreting data. There are 14 lessons in the unit. The first four lessons deal with the classification of objects and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27525583','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27525583"><span>Fate of methane in aquatic systems dominated by free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kosten, Sarian; Piñeiro, Marcia; de Goede, Eefje; de Klein, Jeroen; Lamers, Leon P M; Ettwig, Katharina</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Worldwide the area of free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plants is increasing, which can be expected to alter methane (CH 4 ) emissions from aquatic systems in several ways. A large proportion of the CH 4 produced may become oxidized below the plants due to the accumulation of CH 4 as a result of a decrease in the diffusive <span class="hlt">water</span>-atmosphere flux and the entrapment of part of the ebullitive CH 4 , in combination with suitable conditions for methane oxidizing (MOX) bacteria in the aerobic rhizosphere. We used a set of essays to test this hypothesis and to explore the effect of different densities for three widespread free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> species: Azolla filiculoides, Salvinia natans, and Eichhornia crassipes. The gas exchange velocity, proportion of CH 4 bubbles trapped by the plants, occurrence of radial oxygen loss from roots, and MOX rates on the roots were assessed. We subsequently used the outcome of these experiments to parameterize a simple model. With this model we estimated the proportion of the produced CH 4 that is oxidized, for different plant species and different densities. We found that in a shallow (1 m) system up to 70% of the CH 4 produced may become oxidized as a result of a strong decrease in gas exchange combined with high MOX activity of the rhizosphere microbiome. As <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants also are likely to increase CH 4 production by organic matter production, especially when their presence induces anaerobic conditions, the overall effect on CH 4 emission will strongly depend on local conditions. This explains the contrasting effects of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants on CH 4 emissions in literature as reviewed here. As the effect of <span class="hlt">floating</span> plants on CH 4 emissions, including the high MOX rates we show here, can be substantial, there is an urgent need to consider this impact when assessing greenhouse gas budgets. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf"><span>23 CFR 650.805 - <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not requiring a USCG permit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... OPERATIONS <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span>, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Navigational Clearances for <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> § 650.805 <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not... Engineers if the susceptibility to improvement for navigation of the <span class="hlt">water</span> of concern is unknown and shall...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf"><span>23 CFR 650.805 - <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not requiring a USCG permit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... OPERATIONS <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span>, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Navigational Clearances for <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> § 650.805 <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not... Engineers if the susceptibility to improvement for navigation of the <span class="hlt">water</span> of concern is unknown and shall...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf"><span>23 CFR 650.805 - <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not requiring a USCG permit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... OPERATIONS <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span>, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Navigational Clearances for <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> § 650.805 <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not... Engineers if the susceptibility to improvement for navigation of the <span class="hlt">water</span> of concern is unknown and shall...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf"><span>23 CFR 650.805 - <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not requiring a USCG permit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... OPERATIONS <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span>, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Navigational Clearances for <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> § 650.805 <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not... Engineers if the susceptibility to improvement for navigation of the <span class="hlt">water</span> of concern is unknown and shall...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title23-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title23-vol1-sec650-805.pdf"><span>23 CFR 650.805 - <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not requiring a USCG permit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... OPERATIONS <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span>, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Navigational Clearances for <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> § 650.805 <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> not... Engineers if the susceptibility to improvement for navigation of the <span class="hlt">water</span> of concern is unknown and shall...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25856883','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25856883"><span>[Further study on possibility of diffusion of Oncomelania hupensis with <span class="hlt">water</span> in river channels of the east route of South-to-North <span class="hlt">Water</span> Diversion Project].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Yi-Xin; Hang, De-Rong; Tang, Hong-Ping; Sun, Dao-Kuan; Zhou, Can-Hua; Gao, Jin-Bin; Zheng, Bo; Hu, Gui-Quan; Li, Qian; Huang, Yong-Jun; She, Guang-Song; Ren, Zhi-Yuan</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>To study the drifting law of <span class="hlt">floats</span> and potential risks of Oncomelania hupensis diffusion in the <span class="hlt">water</span> diversion rivers of the east route of South-to-North <span class="hlt">Water</span> Diversion Project. The O. hupensis snails in the river channels were monitored by the salvage method and snail luring method with rice straw curtains, and the diffusion possibility of snails along with <span class="hlt">water</span> was assessed through the drift test of <span class="hlt">floats</span> with GPS. In the flood seasons from 2006 to 2013, totally 8 338.0 kg of <span class="hlt">floats</span> were salvaged, and 2 100 rice straw curtains were put into <span class="hlt">water</span> in the Li Canal and Jinbao shipping channel, but no Oncomelania snails were found. The drift test of <span class="hlt">floats</span> with GPS before <span class="hlt">water</span> diversion showed that the flow velocity on <span class="hlt">water</span> surface (northbound) was 0.45 m/s, the average drift velocity of the <span class="hlt">floats</span> was 0.56 - 0.60 m/s, and the average drift distances each time were 999.70 - 1 995.50 m in the Gaoshui River section, while there were no obvious drift in Jinbao shipping channel section. During the <span class="hlt">water</span> diversion period, the flow velocity on <span class="hlt">water</span> surface (northbound) was 0.45 m/s, the average drift velocity of the <span class="hlt">floats</span> was 0.35 - 0.41m/s, and the average drift distances each time were 1 248.06 -1 289.44 m in the Gaoshui River, while in Jinbao shipping channel section, the flow velocity on <span class="hlt">water</span> surface was 0.28 m/s, the average drift velocity of the <span class="hlt">floats</span> was 0.25 - 0.27 m/s, and the average drift distances each time were 477.76 - 496.38 m. The drift test showed that the <span class="hlt">floats</span> gradually closed to the river bank as affected by <span class="hlt">water</span> flow, wind direction and ship waves, when blocked by the reeds, <span class="hlt">water</span> plants or other obstacles, and they would stopped and could not continue to drift without outside help. There are no Oncomelania snails found in the river channels of the east route of South-to-North <span class="hlt">Water</span> Diversion Project. The drifting distance of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> debris along with the <span class="hlt">water</span> is restricted by the flow rate and shore environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16353995','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16353995"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> drug delivery systems: a review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Arora, Shweta; Ali, Javed; Ahuja, Alka; Khar, Roop K; Baboota, Sanjula</p> <p>2005-10-19</p> <p>The purpose of writing this review on <span class="hlt">floating</span> drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit <span class="hlt">floating</span> systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. This review also summarizes the in vitro techniques, in vivo studies to evaluate the performance and application of <span class="hlt">floating</span> systems, and applications of these systems. These systems are useful to several problems encountered during the development of a pharmaceutical dosage form.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf"><span>46 CFR 160.027-3 - Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. 160.027-3..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Life <span class="hlt">Floats</span> for Merchant Vessels § 160.027-3 Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. (a) Each life <span class="hlt">float</span> must have a platform designed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf"><span>46 CFR 160.027-3 - Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. 160.027-3..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Life <span class="hlt">Floats</span> for Merchant Vessels § 160.027-3 Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. (a) Each life <span class="hlt">float</span> must have a platform designed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf"><span>46 CFR 160.027-3 - Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. 160.027-3..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Life <span class="hlt">Floats</span> for Merchant Vessels § 160.027-3 Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. (a) Each life <span class="hlt">float</span> must have a platform designed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf"><span>46 CFR 160.027-3 - Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. 160.027-3..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Life <span class="hlt">Floats</span> for Merchant Vessels § 160.027-3 Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. (a) Each life <span class="hlt">float</span> must have a platform designed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol6/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol6-sec160-027-3.pdf"><span>46 CFR 160.027-3 - Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. 160.027-3..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Life <span class="hlt">Floats</span> for Merchant Vessels § 160.027-3 Additional requirements for life <span class="hlt">floats</span>. (a) Each life <span class="hlt">float</span> must have a platform designed...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810010626&hterms=monsanto&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dmonsanto','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810010626&hterms=monsanto&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dmonsanto"><span>Future <span class="hlt">float</span> zone development in industry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sandfort, R. M.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>The present industrial requirements for <span class="hlt">float</span> zone silicon are summarized. Developments desired by the industry in the future are reported. The five most significant problems faced today by the <span class="hlt">float</span> zone crystal growth method in industry are discussed. They are economic, large diameter, resistivity uniformity, control of carbon, and swirl defects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..DFDH14008C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..DFDH14008C"><span>Flow-induced oscillations of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> moored cylinder</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carlson, Daniel; Modarres-Sadeghi, Yahya</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>An experimental study of flow-induced oscillations of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> model spar buoy was conducted. The model spar consisted of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> uniform cylinder moored in a <span class="hlt">water</span> tunnel test section, and free to oscillate about its mooring attachment point near the center of mass. For the bare cylinder, counter-clockwise (CCW) figure-eight trajectories approaching A* =1 in amplitude were observed at the lower part of the spar for a reduced velocity range of U* =4-11, while its upper part experienced clockwise (CW) orbits. It was hypothesized that the portion of the spar undergoing CCW figure eights is the portion within which the flow excites the structure. By adding helical strakes to the portion of the cylinder with CCW figure eights, the response amplitude was significantly reduced, while adding strakes to portions with clockwise orbital motion had a minimal influence on the amplitude of response. This work is partially supported by the NSF-sponsored IGERT: Offshore Wind Energy Engineering, Environmental Science, and Policy (Grant Number 1068864).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12554071','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12554071"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> matrix tablets based on low density foam powder: effects of formulation and processing parameters on drug release.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Streubel, A; Siepmann, J; Bodmeier, R</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to develop and physicochemically characterize single unit, <span class="hlt">floating</span> controlled drug delivery systems consisting of (i). polypropylene foam powder, (ii). matrix-forming polymer(s), (iii). drug, and (iv). filler (optional). The highly porous foam powder provided low density and, thus, excellent in vitro <span class="hlt">floating</span> behavior of the tablets. All foam powder-containing tablets remained <span class="hlt">floating</span> for at least 8 h in 0.1 N HCl at 37 degrees C. Different types of matrix-forming polymers were studied: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyacrylates, sodium alginate, corn starch, carrageenan, gum guar and gum arabic. The tablets eroded upon contact with the release medium, and the relative importance of drug diffusion, polymer swelling and tablet erosion for the resulting release patterns varied significantly with the type of matrix former. The release rate could effectively be modified by varying the "matrix-forming polymer/foam powder" ratio, the initial drug loading, the tablet geometry (radius and height), the type of matrix-forming polymer, the use of polymer blends and the addition of <span class="hlt">water</span>-soluble or <span class="hlt">water</span>-insoluble fillers (such as lactose or microcrystalline cellulose). The <span class="hlt">floating</span> behavior of the low density drug delivery systems could successfully be combined with accurate control of the drug release patterns.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6101400','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6101400"><span>Improvements in <span class="hlt">floating</span> point addition/subtraction operations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Farmwald, P.M.</p> <p>1984-02-24</p> <p>Apparatus is described for decreasing the latency time associated with <span class="hlt">floating</span> point addition and subtraction in a computer, using a novel bifurcated, pre-normalization/post-normalization approach that distinguishes between differences of <span class="hlt">floating</span> point exponents.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27254814','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27254814"><span>Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy Study of Hydrous Species in Soda Lime Silica <span class="hlt">Float</span> Glass.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luo, Jiawei; Banerjee, Joy; Pantano, Carlo G; Kim, Seong H</p> <p>2016-06-21</p> <p>It is generally accepted that the mechanical properties of soda lime silica (SLS) glass can be affected by the interaction between sodium ions and hydrous species (silanol groups and <span class="hlt">water</span> molecules) in its surface region. While the amount of these hydrous species can be estimated from hydrogen profiles and infrared spectroscopy, their chemical environment in the glass network is still not well understood. This work employed vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to investigate the chemical environment of hydrous species in the surface region of SLS <span class="hlt">float</span> glass. SLS <span class="hlt">float</span> glass shows sharp peaks in the OH stretching vibration region in SFG spectra, while the OH stretch peaks of glasses that do not have leachable sodium ions and the OH peaks of <span class="hlt">water</span> molecules in condensed phases are normally broad due to fast hydrogen bonding dynamics. The hydrous species responsible for the sharp SFG peaks for the SLS <span class="hlt">float</span> glass were found to be thermodynamically more stable than physisorbed <span class="hlt">water</span> molecules, did not exchange with D2O, and were associated with the sodium concentration gradient in the dealkalized subsurface region. These results suggested that the hydrous species reside in static solvation shells defined by the silicate network with relatively slow hydrogen bonding dynamics, compared to physisorbed <span class="hlt">water</span> layers on top of the glass surface. A putative radial distribution of the hydrous species within the SLS glass network was estimated based on the OH SFG spectral features, which could be compared with theoretical distributions calculated from computational simulations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7498T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.7498T"><span>Hydropower production from <span class="hlt">bridges</span> in urban or suburban areas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tucciarelli, Tullio; Sammartano, Vincenzo; Sinagra, Marco; Morreale, Gabriele; Ferreira, Teresa</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>A new technology for hydropower production from rivers crossing urban or suburban areas is proposed, based on the use of Cross-Flow turbines having its axis horizontal and normal to the flow direction. A large part of the river cross-section could be covered by the turbine cross-section and this would generate a small, but consistent jump between the <span class="hlt">water</span> levels of the inlet and the outlet sections. The turbine should be anchored to a pre-existing <span class="hlt">bridge</span> and the total length of its axis should be of the same order of the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> length. Due to the large axis extension, it should be possible to easily attain a gross power similar to the power produced with a more traditional installation, based on weirs or barrages, if single jumps of few tens of centimeters were added over a large number of <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. If the <span class="hlt">bridges</span> were set in urbanized areas, the production of electricity would be located close to its consumption, according to the smart grid requirements, and the hydrological basin at the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> section (along with the corresponding discharge) would be greater than the basin of traditional plants located in more upstream locations. The maximum <span class="hlt">water</span> level to be attained in the upstream section of the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> should be the minimum among the following ones: 1) the level corresponding to the maximum flood allowed by the surrounding infra-structures, 2) the level corresponding to the maximum force allowed by the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> structures. The resulting upstream <span class="hlt">water</span> level hydrographs should be compatible with the river suspended and bed load equilibrium and with the requirement of the aquatic living population. The system should include a mechanism able to raise the turbine completely out of the <span class="hlt">water</span> level, if required, for maintenance or other purposes. The complete lifting of the turbine could be used to: a) reconstruct the natural river bed profile during floods, b) allow the navigation or fish movements during some periods of the year, or even some hours of the day. A</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008EEEV....7..345A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008EEEV....7..345A"><span>Design of <span class="hlt">bridges</span> against large tectonic deformation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anastasopoulos, I.; Gazetas, G.; Drosos, V.; Georgarakos, T.; Kourkoulis, R.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The engineering community has devoted much effort to understanding the response of soil-structure systems to seismic ground motions, but little attention to the effects of an outcropping fault offset. The 1999 earthquakes of Turkey and Taiwan, offering a variety of case histories of structural damage due to faulting, have (re)fueled the interest on the subject. This paper presents a methodology for design of <span class="hlt">bridges</span> against tectonic deformation. The problem is decoupled in two analysis steps: the first (at the local level) deals with the response of a single pier and its foundation to fault rupture propagating through the soil, and the superstructure is modeled in a simplified manner; and the second (at the global level) investigates detailed models of the superstructure subjected to the support (differential) displacements of Step 1. A parametric study investigates typical models of viaduct and overpass <span class="hlt">bridges</span>, founded on piles or caissons. Fixed-head piled foundations are shown to be rather vulnerable to faulting-induced deformation. End-bearing piles in particular are unable to survive bedrock offsets exceeding 10 cm. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> piles perform better, and if combined with hinged pile-to-cap connections, they could survive much larger offsets. Soil resilience is beneficial in reducing pile distress. Caisson foundations are almost invariably successful. Statically-indeterminate superstructures are quite vulnerable, while statically-determinate are insensitive (allowing differential displacements and rotations without suffering any distress). For large-span cantilever-construction <span class="hlt">bridges</span>, where a statically determinate system is hardly an option, inserting resilient seismic isolation bearings is advantageous as long as ample seating can prevent the deck from falling off the supports. An actual application of the developed method is presented for a major <span class="hlt">bridge</span>, demonstrating the feasibility of design against tectonic deformation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec115-30.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec115-30.pdf"><span>33 CFR 115.30 - Sufficiency of State authority for <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... for <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 115.30 Section 115.30 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.30 Sufficiency of State authority for <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. An opinion of the attorney general of the State as to the sufficiency of State...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec115-30.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec115-30.pdf"><span>33 CFR 115.30 - Sufficiency of State authority for <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... for <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 115.30 Section 115.30 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.30 Sufficiency of State authority for <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. An opinion of the attorney general of the State as to the sufficiency of State...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19800015162','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19800015162"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> nut retention system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Charles, J. F.; Theakston, H. A. (Inventor)</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">floating</span> nut retention system includes a nut with a central aperture. An inner retainer plate has an opening which is fixedly aligned with the nut aperture. An outer retainer member is formed of a base plate having an opening and a surface adjacent to a surface of the inner retainer plate. The outer retainer member includes a securing mechanism for retaining the inner retainer plate adjacent to the outer retainer member. The securing mechanism enables the inner retainer plate to <span class="hlt">float</span> with respect to the outer retainer number, while simultaneously forming a bearing surface for inner retainer plate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4277568','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4277568"><span>Phyllosphere Bacterial Community of <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Macrophytes in Paddy Soil Environments as Revealed by Illumina High-Throughput Sequencing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xie, Wan-Ying</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The phyllosphere of <span class="hlt">floating</span> macrophytes in paddy soil ecosystems, a unique habitat, may support large microbial communities but remains largely unknown. We took Wolffia australiana as a representative <span class="hlt">floating</span> plant and investigated its phyllosphere bacterial community and the underlying driving forces of community modulation in paddy soil ecosystems using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform-based 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that the phyllosphere of W. australiana harbored considerably rich communities of bacteria, with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes as the predominant phyla. The core microbiome in the phyllosphere contained genera such as Acidovorax, Asticcacaulis, Methylibium, and Methylophilus. Complexity of the phyllosphere bacterial communities in terms of class number and α-diversity was reduced compared to those in corresponding <span class="hlt">water</span> and soil. Furthermore, the bacterial communities exhibited structures significantly different from those in <span class="hlt">water</span> and soil. These findings and the following redundancy analysis (RDA) suggest that species sorting played an important role in the recruitment of bacterial species in the phyllosphere. The compositional structures of the phyllosphere bacterial communities were modulated predominantly by <span class="hlt">water</span> physicochemical properties, while the initial soil bacterial communities had limited impact. Taken together, the findings from this study reveal the diversity and uniqueness of the phyllosphere bacterial communities associated with the <span class="hlt">floating</span> macrophytes in paddy soil environments. PMID:25362067</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1236218-improved-understanding-natural-resonances-moonpools-contained-within-floating-rigid-bodies-theory-application-oscillating-water-column-devices','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1236218-improved-understanding-natural-resonances-moonpools-contained-within-floating-rigid-bodies-theory-application-oscillating-water-column-devices"><span>An improved understanding of the natural resonances of moonpools contained within <span class="hlt">floating</span> rigid-bodies: Theory and application to oscillating <span class="hlt">water</span> column devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Bull, Diana L.</p> <p>2015-09-23</p> <p>The fundamental interactions between waves, a <span class="hlt">floating</span> rigid-body, and a moonpool that is selectively open to atmosphere or enclosed to purposefully induce pressure fluctuations are investigated. The moonpool hydrodynamic characteristics and the hydrodynamic coupling to the rigid-body are derived implicitly through reciprocity relations on an array of field points. By modeling the free surface of the moonpool in this manner, an explicit hydrodynamic coupling term is included in the equations of motion. This coupling results in the migration of the moonpool's natural resonance frequency from the piston frequency to a new frequency when enclosed in a <span class="hlt">floating</span> rigid-body. Two geometriesmore » that highlight distinct aspects of marine vessels and oscillating <span class="hlt">water</span> column (OWC) renewable energy devices are analyzed to reveal the coupled natural resonance migration. The power performance of these two OWCs in regular waves is also investigated. The air chamber is enclosed and a three-dimensional, linear, frequency domain performance model that links the rigid-body to the moonpool through a linear resistive control strategy is detailed. Furthermore, an analytic expression for the optimal linear resistive control values in regular waves is presented.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1236218','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1236218"><span>An improved understanding of the natural resonances of moonpools contained within <span class="hlt">floating</span> rigid-bodies: Theory and application to oscillating <span class="hlt">water</span> column devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Bull, Diana L.</p> <p></p> <p>The fundamental interactions between waves, a <span class="hlt">floating</span> rigid-body, and a moonpool that is selectively open to atmosphere or enclosed to purposefully induce pressure fluctuations are investigated. The moonpool hydrodynamic characteristics and the hydrodynamic coupling to the rigid-body are derived implicitly through reciprocity relations on an array of field points. By modeling the free surface of the moonpool in this manner, an explicit hydrodynamic coupling term is included in the equations of motion. This coupling results in the migration of the moonpool's natural resonance frequency from the piston frequency to a new frequency when enclosed in a <span class="hlt">floating</span> rigid-body. Two geometriesmore » that highlight distinct aspects of marine vessels and oscillating <span class="hlt">water</span> column (OWC) renewable energy devices are analyzed to reveal the coupled natural resonance migration. The power performance of these two OWCs in regular waves is also investigated. The air chamber is enclosed and a three-dimensional, linear, frequency domain performance model that links the rigid-body to the moonpool through a linear resistive control strategy is detailed. Furthermore, an analytic expression for the optimal linear resistive control values in regular waves is presented.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=superconductor&pg=2&id=EJ415651','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=superconductor&pg=2&id=EJ415651"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> Magnet Demonstration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Wake, Masayoshi</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>A room-temperature demonstration of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> magnet using a high-temperature superconductor is described. The setup and operation of the apparatus are described. The technical details of the effect are discussed. (CW)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title25-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title25-vol1-sec170-505.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title25-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title25-vol1-sec170-505.pdf"><span>25 CFR 170.505 - How must <span class="hlt">bridge</span> inspections be coordinated?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How must <span class="hlt">bridge</span> inspections be coordinated? 170.505 Section 170.505 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND <span class="hlt">WATER</span> INDIAN... <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Inspection § 170.505 How must <span class="hlt">bridge</span> inspections be coordinated? This section applies to <span class="hlt">bridge</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol2-sec165-928.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol2-sec165-928.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.928 - Security Zone; Mackinac <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Straits of Mackinac, Michigan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Security Zone; Mackinac <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>... § 165.928 Security Zone; Mackinac <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Straits of Mackinac, Michigan. (a) Definitions. The following... described above includes all <span class="hlt">waters</span> on either side of the Mackinac <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> within one-quarter mile of the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable <span class="hlt">waters</span> of San... pilings of the Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>. These security zones will not restrict the main navigational channel...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable <span class="hlt">waters</span> of San... pilings of the Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>. These security zones will not restrict the main navigational channel...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol2-sec165-928.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol2-sec165-928.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.928 - Security Zone; Mackinac <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Straits of Mackinac, Michigan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Security Zone; Mackinac <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>... § 165.928 Security Zone; Mackinac <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Straits of Mackinac, Michigan. (a) Definitions. The following... described above includes all <span class="hlt">waters</span> on either side of the Mackinac <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> within one-quarter mile of the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8838E..0PB','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8838E..0PB"><span>Development of hybrid fluid jet/<span class="hlt">float</span> polishing process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Beaucamp, Anthony T. H.; Namba, Yoshiharu; Freeman, Richard R.</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>On one hand, the "<span class="hlt">float</span> polishing" process consists of a tin lap having many concentric grooves, cut from a flat by single point diamond turning. This lap is rotated above a hydrostatic bearing spindle of high rigidity, damping and rotational accuracy. The optical surface thus <span class="hlt">floats</span> above a thin layer of abrasive particles. But whilst surface texture can be smoothed to ~0.1nm rms (as measured by atomic force microscopy), this process can only be used on flat surfaces. On the other hand, the CNC "fluid jet polishing" process consists of pumping a mixture of <span class="hlt">water</span> and abrasive particles to a converging nozzle, thus generating a polishing spot that can be moved along a tool path with tight track spacing. But whilst tool path feed can be moderated to ultra-precisely correct form error on freeform optical surfaces, surface finish improvement is generally limited to ~1.5nm rms (with fine abrasives). This paper reports on the development of a novel finishing method, that combines the advantages of "fluid jet polishing" (i.e. freeform corrective capability) with "<span class="hlt">float</span> polishing" (i.e. super-smooth surface finish of 0.1nm rms or less). To come up with this new "hybrid" method, computational fluid dynamic modeling of both processes in COMSOL is being used to characterize abrasion conditions and adapt the process parameters of experimental fluid jet polishing equipment, including: (1) geometrical shape of nozzle, (2) position relative to the surface, (3) control of inlet pressure. This new process is aimed at finishing of next generation X-Ray / Gamma Ray focusing optics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1423898','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1423898"><span>Investigation of Tank 241-AW-104 Composite <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Layer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Meznarich, H. K.; Bolling, S. D.; Lachut, J. S.</p> <p></p> <p>Seven grab samples and one field blank were taken from Tank 241-AW-104 (AW-104) on June 2, 2017, and received at 222-S Laboratory on June 5, 2017. A visible layer with brown solids was observed <span class="hlt">floating</span> on the top of two surface tank waste samples (4AW-17-02 and 4AW 17 02DUP). The <span class="hlt">floating</span> layer from both samples was collected, composited, and submitted for chemical analyses and solid phase characterization in order to understand the composition of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> layer. Tributyl phosphate and tridecane were higher in the <span class="hlt">floating</span> layer than in the aqueous phase. Density in the <span class="hlt">floating</span> layer was slightly lowermore » than the mean density of all grab samples. Sodium nitrate and sodium carbonate were major components with a trace of gibbsite and very small size agglomerates were present in the solids of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> layer. The supernate consisted of organics, soluble salt, and particulates.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934506','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934506"><span>Treatment performance of artificial <span class="hlt">floating</span> reed beds in an experimental mesocosm to improve the <span class="hlt">water</span> quality of river Kshipra.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Billore, S K; Prashant; Sharma, J K</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The discharge of untreated wastewater in River Kshipra had brought annual average of BOD, TKN and TS levels up to 39 mg/l, 38 mg/l and 781 mg/l respectively in the study area. Treatment performance by Artificial <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Reed Beds (AFRB) was evaluated for removal efficiency of TS, NH4-N, NO3-N, TKN and BOD from river <span class="hlt">water</span>, initially, under a pilot scale by an AFRB of size 200 m2 planted with local reed grass, Phragmites karka, in the part of River Kshipra at the confluence with meeting point of a wastewater stream. The system performance was recorded as 43% reduction in TS, 38% reduction in TKN and 39% BOD reduction. The experimental AFRBs were buoyant structure planted with reed grass, each unit had a rectangular size and covered an effective surface area of 2 m2. The experiment with the mesocosms with treatment of River <span class="hlt">water</span> resulted that AFRB was reducing pollution load by 55-60% of TS, 45-55% of NH4-N, 33-45% of NO3-N, 45-50% of TKN and 40-50% of BOD. AFRB may be recommended as an in-situ, eco-friendly river <span class="hlt">water</span> treatment structures for small shallow, slow flowing (or slightly stagnant) <span class="hlt">water</span> bodies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol1-sec118-70.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol1-sec118-70.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Swing span lights on through <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol1-sec118-65.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol1-sec118-65.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Each fixed <span class="hlt">bridge</span> span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec118-65.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec118-65.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Each fixed <span class="hlt">bridge</span> span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol1-sec118-70.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol1-sec118-70.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Swing span lights on through <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol1-sec118-65.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol1-sec118-65.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Each fixed <span class="hlt">bridge</span> span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec118-70.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec118-70.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Swing span lights on through <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol1-sec118-65.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol1-sec118-65.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Each fixed <span class="hlt">bridge</span> span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol1-sec118-70.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol1-sec118-70.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Swing span lights on through <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec116-30.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec116-30.pdf"><span>33 CFR 116.30 - Administrator, <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Administration Program Review and Evaluation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Administrator, <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> ALTERATION OF UNREASONABLY OBSTRUCTIVE <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> § 116.30 Administrator, <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Administration Program Review and Evaluation. (a) Upon receiving a Detailed Investigation Report...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title14-vol1-sec29-757.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title14-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title14-vol1-sec29-757.pdf"><span>14 CFR 29.757 - Hull and auxiliary <span class="hlt">float</span> strength.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Hull and auxiliary <span class="hlt">float</span> strength. 29.757 Section 29.757 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... § 29.757 Hull and auxiliary <span class="hlt">float</span> strength. The hull, and auxiliary <span class="hlt">floats</span> if used, must withstand the...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......142A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......142A"><span>Real-Time Model and Simulation Architecture for Half- and Full-<span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Modular Multilevel Converters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ashourloo, Mojtaba</p> <p></p> <p>This work presents an equivalent model and simulation architecture for real-time electromagnetic transient analysis of either half-<span class="hlt">bridge</span> or full-<span class="hlt">bridge</span> modular multilevel converter (MMC) with 400 sub-modules (SMs) per arm. The proposed CPU/FPGA-based architecture is optimized for the parallel implementation of the presented MMC model on the FPGA and is beneficiary of a high-throughput <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point computational engine. The developed real-time simulation architecture is capable of simulating MMCs with 400 SMs per arm at 825 nanoseconds. To address the difficulties of the sorting process implementation, a modified Odd-Even Bubble sorting is presented in this work. The comparison of the results under various test scenarios reveals that the proposed real-time simulator is representing the system responses in the same way of its corresponding off-line counterpart obtained from the PSCAD/EMTDC program.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18..264L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18..264L"><span>Seven hundred years of peat formation recorded throughout a deep <span class="hlt">floating</span> mire profile from Central Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lobianco, Daniela; D'Orazio, Valeria; Miano, Teodoro; Zaccone, Claudio</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Floating</span> mires are defined by the occurrence of emergent vegetation rooted in highly organic buoyant mats that rise and fall with changes in <span class="hlt">water</span> level. Islands <span class="hlt">floating</span> and moving on a lake naturally were already described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis historia almost two millennia ago. Actually, he devoted a whole chapter of Naturalis historia to "Of Islands Ever <span class="hlt">Floating</span> and Swimming", reporting how certain isles were always waving and never stood still. The status of "flotant" has been defined transitory; in fact, these small isles often disappear, in most of the cases because of a transition from <span class="hlt">floating</span> island to firm land during decades is likely to happen. That is why most of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> islands described by Pliny the Elder (e.g., Lacus Fundanus, Lacus Cutiliensis, Lacus Mutinensis, Lacus Statoniensis, Lacus Tarquiniensis, Lydia Calaminae, Lacus Vadimonis) do not exist anymore. In the present study, peat formation and organic matter evolution were investigated in order to understand how these peculiar environments form, and how stable actually they are. In fact, it is hoped that peat-forming <span class="hlt">floating</span> mires could provide an exceptional tool for environmental studies, since much of their evolution, as well as the changes of the surrounding areas, is recorded in their peat deposits. A complete, 4-m deep peat core was collected in July 2012 from the <span class="hlt">floating</span> island of Posta Fibreno, a relic mire in the Central Italy. This <span class="hlt">floating</span> island has a diameter of ca. 30 m, a submerged thickness of about 3 m, and the vegetation is organized in concentric belts, from the Carex paniculata palisade to the Sphagnum centre. Here, some of the southernmost Italian populations of Sphagnum palustre occur. The 14C age dating of organic sediments isolated from the sample at 385 cm of depth revealed that the island formed ca. 700 yrs ago (620±30 yr BP). The top 100 cm, consisting almost exclusively of Sphagnum mosses, show a very low bulk density (avg., 0.03±0.01 g cm-3</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5245/pdf/sir20125245.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5245/pdf/sir20125245.pdf"><span>Evaluation of streambed scour at <span class="hlt">bridges</span> over tidal waterways in Alaska</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Conaway, Jeffrey S.; Schauer, Paul V.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The potential for streambed scour was evaluated at 41 <span class="hlt">bridges</span> that cross tidal waterways in Alaska. These <span class="hlt">bridges</span> are subject to several coastal and riverine processes that have the potential, individually or in combination, to induce streambed scour or to damage the structure or adjacent channel. The proximity of a <span class="hlt">bridge</span> to the ocean and <span class="hlt">water</span>-surface elevation and velocity data collected over a tidal cycle were criteria used to identify the flow regime at each <span class="hlt">bridge</span>, whether tidal, riverine, or mixed, that had the greatest potential to induce streambed scour. <span class="hlt">Water</span>-surface elevations measured through at least one tide cycle at 32 <span class="hlt">bridges</span> were correlated to <span class="hlt">water</span> levels at the nearest tide station. Asymmetry of the tidal portion of the hydrograph during the outgoing tide at 12 <span class="hlt">bridges</span> indicated that riverine flows were stored upstream of the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> during the tidal exchange. This scenario results in greater discharges and velocities during the outgoing tide compared to those on the incoming tide. Velocity data were collected during outgoing tides at 10 <span class="hlt">bridges</span> that experienced complete flow reversals, and measured velocities during the outgoing tide exceeded the critical velocity required to initiate sediment transport at three sites. The primary risk for streambed scour at most of the sites considered in this study is from riverine flows rather than tidal fluctuations. A scour evaluation for riverine flow was completed at 35 <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. Scour from riverine flow was not the primary risk for six tidally-controlled <span class="hlt">bridges</span> and therefore not evaluated at those sites. Field data including channel cross sections, a discharge measurement, and a <span class="hlt">water</span>-surface slope were collected at the 35 <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. Channel instability was identified at 14 <span class="hlt">bridges</span> where measurable scour and or fill were noted in repeated surveys of channel cross sections at the <span class="hlt">bridge</span>. <span class="hlt">Water</span>-surface profiles for the 1-percent annual exceedance probability discharge were calculated by using the Hydrologic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOS.A51A..02J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOS.A51A..02J"><span>Air-Deployable Profiling <span class="hlt">Floats</span> for Tropical Cyclone Research</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jayne, S. R.; Robbins, P.; Owens, B.; Ekholm, A.; Dufour, J. E.; Sanabia, E.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The development of a smaller profiling <span class="hlt">float</span> that can be launched from Hurricane Hunter aircraft offers the opportunity to monitor the upper-ocean thermal structure over a time span of many months. These Argo-type profiling <span class="hlt">floats</span> can be deployed in advance of, or during, a tropical cyclone from any aircraft equipped with an A-sized (AXBT) launch tube, or from the stern ramp of a C-130. The <span class="hlt">floats</span> have the same dimensions as an AXBT and weigh about 8.5 kg. Upon deployment, the <span class="hlt">floats</span> parachute to the surface, detach and automatically begin their programmed mission. The recorded temperature data is averaged over 1-meter bins that are reported back via the Iridium satellite phone network, which is then automatically processed and posted to the GTS. The <span class="hlt">floats</span> are also reprogrammable via the 2-way communication afforded by Iridium. We report on the results of deployments during the 2014 and 2015 hurricane seasons. Unique observations of the ocean response from Hurricane Ignacio are particularly noteworthy and will be presented. Further plans for continued development of <span class="hlt">floats</span> include measuring salinity (from an inductive conductivity sensor) and observations of the surface wave field (measured by an onboard accelerometer) will also be described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300526','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300526"><span>Free energy landscape of a minimalist salt <span class="hlt">bridge</span> model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Xubin; Lv, Chao; Corbett, Karen M; Zheng, Lianqing; Wu, Dongsheng; Yang, Wei</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Salt <span class="hlt">bridges</span> are essential to protein stability and dynamics. Despite the importance, there has been scarce of detailed discussion on how salt <span class="hlt">bridge</span> partners interact with each other in distinct solvent exposed environments. In this study, employing a recent generalized orthogonal space tempering (gOST) method, we enabled efficient molecular dynamics simulation of repetitive breaking and reforming of salt <span class="hlt">bridge</span> structures within a minimalist salt-<span class="hlt">bridge</span> model, the Asp-Arg dipeptide and thereby were able to map its detailed free energy landscape in aqueous solution. Free energy surface analysis shows that although individually-solvated states are more favorable, salt-<span class="hlt">bridge</span> states still occupy a noticeable portion of the overall population. Notably, the competing forces, e.g. intercharge attractions that drive the formation of salt <span class="hlt">bridges</span> and solvation forces that pull the charged groups away from each other, are energetically comparable. As the result, the salt <span class="hlt">bridge</span> stability is highly tunable by local environments; for instance when local <span class="hlt">water</span> molecules are perturbed to interact more strongly with each other, the population of the salt-<span class="hlt">bridge</span> states is likely to increase. Our results reveal the critical role of local solvent structures in modulating salt-<span class="hlt">bridge</span> partner interactions and imply the importance of <span class="hlt">water</span> fluctuations on conformational dynamics that involves solvent accessible salt <span class="hlt">bridge</span> formations. © 2015 The Protein Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.H52A..03G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.H52A..03G"><span><span class="hlt">Bridging</span> the Gap: The 'Soft Path' for Improving Resilience and Adaptability of <span class="hlt">Water</span> Systems (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gleick, P. H.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The failure of traditional <span class="hlt">water</span> management systems in the 20th century -- what I call the "hard path for <span class="hlt">water</span>" -- is evident in several ways, including the persistent inability to meet basic human needs for safe <span class="hlt">water</span> and adequate sanitation for vast populations, ongoing and accelerating aquatic ecosystem collapses , and growing political disputes over <span class="hlt">water</span> allocation, management, and use, even in regions where substantial investment in <span class="hlt">water</span> has been made. Progress in resolving these problems, especially in the face of unavoidable climate changes, growing populations, and constrained financial systems, will require <span class="hlt">bridging</span> hydrologic and social sciences in new ways. Integrating social and cultural knowledge with new economic and technological tools and classical hydrologic and climatological sciences can produce a new “soft path for water” that offers the opportunity to move toward sustainable <span class="hlt">water</span> systems. This talk will define the soft path for <span class="hlt">water</span> and offer examples of innovative steps already being taken along that path in the western United States, South Africa, India, and elsewhere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091939','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930091939"><span>An Analysis of the Full-<span class="hlt">Floating</span> Journal Bearing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Shaw, M C; Nussdorfer, T J , Jr</p> <p>1947-01-01</p> <p>An analysis of the operating characteristics of a full-<span class="hlt">floating</span> journal bearing, a bearing in which a <span class="hlt">floating</span> sleeve is located between the journal and bearing surfaces, is presented together with charts from which the performance of such bearings may be predicted. Examples are presented to illustrate the use of these charts and a limited number of experiments conducted upon a glass full-<span class="hlt">floating</span> bearing are reported to verify some results of the analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3803042L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3803042L"><span>Hydrodynamic Influence Dabanhu River <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Holes Widening Based on Two-Dimensional Finite Element Numerical Model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Dong Feng; Bai, Fu Qing; Nie, Hui</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>In order to analyze the influence of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> holes widening on hydrodynamic such as <span class="hlt">water</span> level, a two-dimensional mathematical model was used to calculate the hydrodynamic factors, river network flow velocity vector distribution is given, <span class="hlt">water</span> level and difference of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> widening before and after is calculated and charted, <span class="hlt">water</span> surface gradient in seven different river sections near the upper reaches of <span class="hlt">bridges</span> is counted and revealed. The results of hydrodynamic calculation indicate that The Maximum and the minimum deducing numerical value of the <span class="hlt">water</span> level after <span class="hlt">bridge</span> widening is 0.028m, and 0.018m respective. the seven sections <span class="hlt">water</span> surface gradient becomes smaller until it becomes negative, the influence of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> widening on the upstream is basically over, the range of influence is about 450m from the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> to the upstream. reach</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121.pdf"><span>The South Carolina <span class="hlt">bridge</span>-scour envelope curves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Benedict, Stephen T.; Feaster, Toby D.; Caldwell, Andral W.</p> <p>2016-09-30</p> <p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a series of three field investigations to evaluate historical, riverine <span class="hlt">bridge</span> scour in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of South Carolina. These investigations included data collected at 231 riverine <span class="hlt">bridges</span>, which lead to the development of <span class="hlt">bridge</span>-scour envelope curves for clear-<span class="hlt">water</span> and live-bed components of scour. The application and limitations of the South Carolina <span class="hlt">bridge</span>-scour envelope curves were documented in four reports, each report addressing selected components of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> scour. The current investigation (2016) synthesizes the findings of these previous reports into a guidance manual providing an integrated procedure for applying the envelope curves. Additionally, the investigation provides limited verification for selected <span class="hlt">bridge</span>-scour envelope curves by comparing them to field data collected outside of South Carolina from previously published sources. Although the <span class="hlt">bridge</span>-scour envelope curves have limitations, they are useful supplementary tools for assessing the potential for scour at riverine <span class="hlt">bridges</span> in South Carolina.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec401-52.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec401-52.pdf"><span>33 CFR 401.52 - Limit of approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Limit of approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>... approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>. (a) No vessel shall pass the limit of approach sign at any movable <span class="hlt">bridge</span> until the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> is in a fully open position and the signal light shows green. (b) No vessel shall pass the limit...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec401-52.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec401-52.pdf"><span>33 CFR 401.52 - Limit of approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Limit of approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>... approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>. (a) No vessel shall pass the limit of approach sign at any movable <span class="hlt">bridge</span> until the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> is in a fully open position and the signal light shows green. (b) No vessel shall pass the limit...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf"><span>46 CFR 131.870 - Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. 131.870 Section 131... OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.870 Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. (a) The name of the vessel must be plainly marked or painted on each life <span class="hlt">float</span> or buoyant apparatus...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf"><span>46 CFR 131.870 - Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. 131.870 Section 131... OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.870 Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. (a) The name of the vessel must be plainly marked or painted on each life <span class="hlt">float</span> or buoyant apparatus...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf"><span>46 CFR 131.870 - Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. 131.870 Section 131... OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.870 Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. (a) The name of the vessel must be plainly marked or painted on each life <span class="hlt">float</span> or buoyant apparatus...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf"><span>46 CFR 131.870 - Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.870 Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. (a) The name of the vessel must be plainly marked or painted on each life <span class="hlt">float</span> or buoyant apparatus... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. 131.870 Section 131...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol4-sec131-870.pdf"><span>46 CFR 131.870 - Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... OPERATIONS Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.870 Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. (a) The name of the vessel must be plainly marked or painted on each life <span class="hlt">float</span> or buoyant apparatus... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. 131.870 Section 131...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/864674','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/864674"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> seal system for rotary devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Banasiuk, Hubert A.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>This invention relates to a <span class="hlt">floating</span> seal system for rotary devices to reduce gas leakage around the rotary device in a duct and across the face of the rotary device to an adjacent duct. The peripheral seal bodies are made of resilient material having a generally U-shaped cross section wherein one of the legs is secured to a support member and the other of the legs forms a contacting seal against the rotary device. The legs of the peripheral seal form an extended angle of intersection of about 10.degree. to about 30.degree. in the unloaded condition to provide even sealing forces around the periphery of the rotary device. The peripheral seal extends around the periphery of the support member except where intersected by radial seals which reduce gas leakage across the face of the rotary device and between adjacent duct portions. The radial seal assembly is fabricated from channel bars, the smaller channel bar being secured to the divider of the support member and a larger inverted rigid <span class="hlt">floating</span> channel bar having its legs freely movable over the legs of the smaller channel bar forming therewith a tubular channel. A resilient flexible tube is positioned within the tubular channel for substantially its full length to reduce gas leakage across the tubular channel. A spacer extends beyond the face of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> channel near each end of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> channel a distance to provide desired clearance between the <span class="hlt">floating</span> channel and the face of the rotary device.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7259708','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7259708"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> seal system for rotary devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Banasiuk, H.A.</p> <p>1983-08-23</p> <p>This invention relates to a <span class="hlt">floating</span> seal system for rotary devices to reduce gas leakage around the rotary device in a duct and across the face of the rotary device to an adjacent duct. The peripheral seal bodies are made of resilient material having a generally U-shaped cross section wherein one of the legs is secured to a support member and the other of the legs forms a contacting seal against the rotary device. The legs of the peripheral seal form an extended angle of intersection of about 10[degree] to about 30[degree] in the unloaded condition to provide even sealing forces around the periphery of the rotary device. The peripheral seal extends around the periphery of the support member except where intersected by radial seals which reduce gas leakage across the face of the rotary device and between adjacent duct portions. The radial seal assembly is fabricated from channel bars, the smaller channel bar being secured to the divider of the support member and a larger inverted rigid <span class="hlt">floating</span> channel bar having its legs freely movable over the legs of the smaller channel bar forming therewith a tubular channel. A resilient flexible tube is positioned within the tubular channel for substantially its full length to reduce gas leakage across the tubular channel. A spacer extends beyond the face of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> channel near each end of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> channel a distance to provide desired clearance between the <span class="hlt">floating</span> channel and the face of the rotary device. 5 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950057495&hterms=Floaters&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DFloaters','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950057495&hterms=Floaters&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DFloaters"><span>General purpose free <span class="hlt">floating</span> platform for KC-135 flight experimentation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Borchers, Bruce A.; Yendler, Boris S.; Kliss, Mark H.; Gonzales, Andrew A.; Edwards, Mark T.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) program is evaluating higher plants as a means of providing life support functions aboard space craft. These plant systems will be capable of regenerating air and <span class="hlt">water</span> while meeting some of the food requirements of the crew. In order to grow plants in space, a series of systems are required to provide the necessary plant support functions. Some of the systems required for CELSS experiments are such that is is likely that existing technologies will require refinement, or novel technologies will need to be developed. To evaluate and test these technologies, a series of KC-135 precursor flights are being proposed. A general purpose free <span class="hlt">floating</span> experiment platform is being developed to allow the KC-135 flights to be used to their fullest. This paper will outline the basic design for the CELSS Free <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Test Bed (FFTB), and the requirements for the individual subsystems. Several preliminary experiments suitable for the free floater will also be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930094590','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930094590"><span>The Scale Effect in Towing Tests with Airplane-<span class="hlt">float</span> Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Rudolph</p> <p>1937-01-01</p> <p>The present report includes a description of the making of three-component measurements on a full-size <span class="hlt">float</span> mounted on an actual airplane and the comparison of the results with those from two models of the same form but of different size which had been tested in the towing tank. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the effect of the Reynolds Number on the results of model tank tests. Following a brief discussion of previous tests intended to elucidate the problem of scale effect on <span class="hlt">float</span> systems and a description of the testing equipment, the choice of the reference quantities to be used in the comparison is discussed. The selection of load, speed, and trim as a basis of comparison seems best suited to the practical operation of making this comparison. The quantities affected by scale are then: resistance, trimming moment, and their derivatives; planing number (resistance/weight on <span class="hlt">water</span>); and position of center of pressure.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9903E..1CH','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9903E..1CH"><span>Research on stability of nozzle-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plate institution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Bin; Tao, Jiayue; Yi, Jiajing; Chen, Shijing</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, air hammer instability of nozzle-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plate institution in gas lubricated force sensor were studied. Through establishment of the theoretical model for the analysis of the nozzle-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plate institution stability, combined with air hammer stability judgment theorems, we had some simulation research on the radius of the nozzle, the radius of the pressure chamber, pressure chamber depth, orifice radius and the relationship between air supply pressure and bearing capacity, in order to explore the instability mechanism of nozzle-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plate institution. For conducting experimental observations for the stability of two groups nozzle-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plate institution, which have typical structural parameters conducted experimental observations. We set up a special experimental device, verify the correctness of the theoretical study and simulation results. This paper shows that in the nozzle-<span class="hlt">floating</span> plate institution, increasing the nozzle diameter, reduced pressure chamber radius, reducing the depth of the pressure chamber and increase the supply orifice radius, and other measures is conducive to system stability. Results of this study have important implications for research and design of gas lubricated force sensor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19790004548&hterms=floating+point&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dfloating%2Bpoint','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19790004548&hterms=floating+point&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dfloating%2Bpoint"><span>Environment parameters and basic functions for <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point computation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Brown, W. S.; Feldman, S. I.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>A language-independent proposal for environment parameters and basic functions for <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point computation is presented. Basic functions are proposed to analyze, synthesize, and scale <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point numbers. The model provides a small set of parameters and a small set of axioms along with sharp measures of roundoff error. The parameters and functions can be used to write portable and robust codes that deal intimately with the <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point representation. Subject to underflow and overflow constraints, a number can be scaled by a power of the <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point radix inexpensively and without loss of precision. A specific representation for FORTRAN is included.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25362067','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25362067"><span>Phyllosphere bacterial community of <span class="hlt">floating</span> macrophytes in paddy soil environments as revealed by illumina high-throughput sequencing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xie, Wan-Ying; Su, Jian-Qiang; Zhu, Yong-Guan</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The phyllosphere of <span class="hlt">floating</span> macrophytes in paddy soil ecosystems, a unique habitat, may support large microbial communities but remains largely unknown. We took Wolffia australiana as a representative <span class="hlt">floating</span> plant and investigated its phyllosphere bacterial community and the underlying driving forces of community modulation in paddy soil ecosystems using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform-based 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that the phyllosphere of W. australiana harbored considerably rich communities of bacteria, with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes as the predominant phyla. The core microbiome in the phyllosphere contained genera such as Acidovorax, Asticcacaulis, Methylibium, and Methylophilus. Complexity of the phyllosphere bacterial communities in terms of class number and α-diversity was reduced compared to those in corresponding <span class="hlt">water</span> and soil. Furthermore, the bacterial communities exhibited structures significantly different from those in <span class="hlt">water</span> and soil. These findings and the following redundancy analysis (RDA) suggest that species sorting played an important role in the recruitment of bacterial species in the phyllosphere. The compositional structures of the phyllosphere bacterial communities were modulated predominantly by <span class="hlt">water</span> physicochemical properties, while the initial soil bacterial communities had limited impact. Taken together, the findings from this study reveal the diversity and uniqueness of the phyllosphere bacterial communities associated with the <span class="hlt">floating</span> macrophytes in paddy soil environments. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec401-51.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec401-51.pdf"><span>33 CFR 401.51 - Signaling approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Signaling approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>... approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>. (a) Unless a vessel's approach has been recognized by a flashing signal, the master shall signal the vessel's presence to the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> operator by VHF radio when it comes abreast of any of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec401-51.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec401-51.pdf"><span>33 CFR 401.51 - Signaling approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Signaling approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>... approach to a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>. (a) Unless a vessel's approach has been recognized by a flashing signal, the master shall signal the vessel's presence to the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> operator by VHF radio when it comes abreast of any of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29887004','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29887004"><span>Distribution and trajectories of <span class="hlt">floating</span> and benthic marine macrolitter in the south-eastern North Sea.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gutow, Lars; Ricker, Marcel; Holstein, Jan M; Dannheim, Jennifer; Stanev, Emil V; Wolff, Jörg-Olaf</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>In coastal <span class="hlt">waters</span> the identification of sources, trajectories and deposition sites of marine litter is often hampered by the complex oceanography of shallow shelf seas. We conducted a multi-annual survey on litter at the sea surface and on the seafloor in the south-eastern North Sea. Bottom trawling was identified as a major source of marine litter. Oceanographic modelling revealed that the distribution of <span class="hlt">floating</span> litter in the North Sea is largely determined by the site of origin of <span class="hlt">floating</span> objects whereas the trajectories are strongly influenced by wind drag. Methods adopted from species distribution modelling indicated that resuspension of benthic litter and near-bottom transport processes strongly influence the distribution of litter on the seafloor. Major sink regions for <span class="hlt">floating</span> marine litter were identified at the west coast of Denmark and in the Skagerrak. Our results may support the development of strategies to reduce the pollution of the North Sea. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec115-60.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec115-60.pdf"><span>33 CFR 115.60 - Procedures for handling applications for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> construction permits.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... applications for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> construction permits. 115.60 Section 115.60 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.60 Procedures for handling applications for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> construction permits. The following procedures will be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec115-60.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec115-60.pdf"><span>33 CFR 115.60 - Procedures for handling applications for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> construction permits.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... applications for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> construction permits. 115.60 Section 115.60 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.60 Procedures for handling applications for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> construction permits. The following procedures will be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4305323','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4305323"><span>Swelling/<span class="hlt">Floating</span> Capability and Drug Release Characterizations of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System Based on a Combination of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose and Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Ying-Chen; Ho, Hsiu-O; Liu, Der-Zen; Siow, Wen-Shian; Sheu, Ming-Thau</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to characterize the swelling and <span class="hlt">floating</span> behaviors of gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) composed of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and to optimize HEC/NaCMC GRDDS to incorporate three model drugs with different solubilities (metformin, ciprofloxacin, and esomeprazole). Various ratios of NaCMC to HEC were formulated, and their swelling and <span class="hlt">floating</span> behaviors were characterized. Influences of media containing various NaCl concentrations on the swelling and <span class="hlt">floating</span> behaviors and drug solubility were also characterized. Finally, release profiles of the three model drugs from GRDDS formulation (F1-4) and formulation (F1-1) were examined. Results demonstrated when the GRDDS tablets were tested in simulated gastric solution, the degree of swelling at 6 h was decreased for each formulation that contained NaCMC in comparison to those in de-ionized <span class="hlt">water</span> (DIW). Of note, <span class="hlt">floating</span> duration was enhanced when in simulated gastric solution compared to DIW. Further, the hydration of tablets was found to be retarded as the NaCl concentration in the medium increased resulting in smaller gel layers and swelling sizes. Dissolution profiles of the three model drugs in media containing various concentrations of NaCl showed that the addition of NaCl to the media affected the solubility of the drugs, and also their gelling behaviors, resulting in different mechanisms for controlling a drug’s release. The release mechanism of the freely <span class="hlt">water</span>-soluble drug, metformin, was mainly diffusion-controlled, while those of the <span class="hlt">water</span>-soluble drug, ciprofloxacin, and the slightly <span class="hlt">water</span>-soluble drug, esomeprazole, were mainly anomalous diffusion. Overall results showed that the developed GRDDS composed of HEC 250HHX and NaCMC of 450 cps possessed proper swelling extents and desired <span class="hlt">floating</span> periods with sustained-release characteristics. PMID:25617891</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24594756','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24594756"><span>Assessment of the nutrient removal effectiveness of <span class="hlt">floating</span> treatment wetlands applied to urban retention ponds.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Chih-Yu; Sample, David J</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The application of <span class="hlt">floating</span> treatment wetlands (FTWs) in point and non-point source pollution control has received much attention recently. Although the potential of this emerging technology is supported by various studies, quantifying FTW performance in urban retention ponds remains elusive due to significant research gaps. Actual urban retention pond <span class="hlt">water</span> was utilized in this mesocosm study to evaluate phosphorus and nitrogen removal efficiency of FTWs. Multiple treatments were used to investigate the contribution of each component in the FTW system with a seven-day retention time. The four treatments included a control, <span class="hlt">floating</span> mat, pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L.), and softstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani). The <span class="hlt">water</span> samples collected on Day 0 (initial) and 7 were analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), total particulate phosphorus, orthophosphate, total nitrogen (TN), organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate-nitrite nitrogen, and chlorophyll-a. Statistical tests were used to evaluate the differences between the four treatments. The effects of temperature on TP and TN removal rates of the FTWs were described by the modified Arrhenius equation. Our results indicated that all three FTW designs, planted and unplanted <span class="hlt">floating</span> mats, could significantly improve phosphorus and nitrogen removal efficiency (%, E-TP and E-TN) compared to the control treatment during the growing season, i.e., May through August. The E-TP and E-TN was enhanced by 8.2% and 18.2% in the FTW treatments planted with the pickerelweed and softstem bulrush, respectively. Organic matter decomposition was likely to be the primary contributor of nutrient removal by FTWs in urban retention ponds. Such a mechanism is fostered by microbes within the attached biofilms on the <span class="hlt">floating</span> mats and plant root surfaces. Among the results of the four treatments, the FTWs planted with pickerelweed had the highest E-TP, and behaved similarly with the other two FTW treatments for nitrogen removal</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3807983','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3807983"><span>Comparative evaluation of single and bilayered lamotrigine <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lakshmi, PK; Sridhar, M; Shruthi, B</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Aim: The purpose of this study was to prepare lamotrigine (LM) bilayered and single layered <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets and to compare their release profiles. Materials and Methods: LM <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Drug, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M, lactose monohydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 constitute controlled release layer components and <span class="hlt">floating</span> layer components includes polymers and sodium bicarbonate. The prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as hardness, friability, weight variation, thickness, <span class="hlt">floating</span> lag time (FLT), <span class="hlt">floating</span> time, in vitro buoyancy study, in vitro release studies. The drug-polymer interaction was studied by fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry. Results and Discussion: The FLT of all the formulations were within the prescribed limits (<3 min). When ethyl cellulose was used as <span class="hlt">floating</span> layer component, tablets showed good buoyancy effect but eroded within 6-8 h. Hence it was replaced with hydroxypropyl cellulose -M hydrophilic polymer, which showed good FLT and <span class="hlt">floating</span> duration for 16 h. Formulation LFC4 was found to be optimized with dissolution profile of zero order kinetics showing fickian diffusion. A comparative study of bilayered and single layered tablets of LM showed a highest similarity factor of 83.03, difference factor of 2.74 and t-test (P < 0.05) indicates that there is no significant difference between them. Conclusion: Though bilayered tablet possess many advantages, single layered tablet would be economical, cost-effective and reproducible for large scale production in the industry. However, the results of present study demonstrated that the in vitro development of bilayered gastro retentive <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets with controlled drug release profile for LM is feasible. PMID:24167788</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.7906E..0WS','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.7906E..0WS"><span>Theoretical studies of <span class="hlt">floating</span>-reference method for NIR blood glucose sensing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shi, Zhenzhi; Yang, Yue; Zhao, Huijuan; Chen, Wenliang; Liu, Rong; Xu, Kexin</p> <p>2011-03-01</p> <p>Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring using NIR light has been suffered from the variety of optical background that is mainly caused by the change of human body, such as the change of temperature, <span class="hlt">water</span> concentration, and so on. In order to eliminate these internal influence and external interference a so called <span class="hlt">floating</span>-reference method has been proposed to provide an internal reference. From the analysis of the diffuse reflectance spectrum, a position has been found where diffuse reflection of light is not sensitive to the glucose concentrations. Our previous work has proved the existence of reference position using diffusion equation. However, since glucose monitoring generally use the NIR light in region of 1000-2000nm, diffusion equation is not valid because of the high absorption coefficient and small source-detector separations. In this paper, steady-state high-order approximate model is used to further investigate the existence of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> reference position in semi-infinite medium. Based on the analysis of different optical parameters on the impact of spatially resolved reflectance of light, we find that the existence of the <span class="hlt">floating</span>-reference position is the result of the interaction of optical parameters. Comparing to the results of Monte Carlo simulation, the applicable region of diffusion approximation and higher-order approximation for the calculation of <span class="hlt">floating</span>-reference position is discussed at the wavelength of 1000nm-1800nm, using the intralipid solution of different concentrations. The results indicate that when the reduced albedo is greater than 0.93, diffusion approximation results are more close to simulation results, otherwise the high order approximation is more applicable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=S92-40037&hterms=raft&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Draft','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=S92-40037&hterms=raft&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Draft"><span>STS-52 Commander Wetherbee <span class="hlt">floats</span> in life raft during JSC bailout exercises</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>STS-52 Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, Commander James D. Wetherbee, wearing launch and entry suit (LES) and launch and entry helmet (LEH), <span class="hlt">floats</span> in single person life raft during emergency egress (bailout) training exercises in JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) Bldg 29 pool. The bailout exercises utilize the WETF's 25-foot deep pool as the ocean for this <span class="hlt">water</span> landing simulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ChOE...31..578Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ChOE...31..578Y"><span>Design, optimization and numerical modelling of a novel <span class="hlt">floating</span> pendulum wave energy converter with tide adaptation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Jing; Zhang, Da-hai; Chen, Ying; Liang, Hui; Tan, Ming; Li, Wei; Ma, Xian-dong</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>A novel <span class="hlt">floating</span> pendulum wave energy converter (WEC) with the ability of tide adaptation is designed and presented in this paper. Aiming to a high efficiency, the buoy's hydrodynamic shape is optimized by enumeration and comparison. Furthermore, in order to keep the buoy's well-designed leading edge always facing the incoming wave straightly, a novel transmission mechanism is then adopted, which is called the tidal adaptation mechanism in this paper. Time domain numerical models of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> pendulum WEC with or without tide adaptation mechanism are built to compare their performance on various <span class="hlt">water</span> levels. When comparing these two WECs in terms of their average output based on the linear passive control strategy, the output power of WEC with the tide adaptation mechanism is much steadier with the change of the <span class="hlt">water</span> level and always larger than that without the tide adaptation mechanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.2688M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.2688M"><span>Vulnerability of Southeast Greenland Glaciers to Warm Atlantic <span class="hlt">Water</span> From Operation Ice<span class="hlt">Bridge</span> and Ocean Melting Greenland Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Millan, R.; Rignot, E.; Mouginot, J.; Wood, M.; Bjørk, A. A.; Morlighem, M.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>We employ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Operation Ice<span class="hlt">Bridge</span> high-resolution airborne gravity from 2016, NASA's Ocean Melting Greenland bathymetry from 2015, ice thickness from Operation Ice<span class="hlt">Bridge</span> from 2010 to 2015, and BedMachine v3 to analyze 20 major southeast Greenland glaciers. The results reveal glacial fjords several hundreds of meters deeper than previously thought; the full extent of the marine-based portions of the glaciers; deep troughs enabling warm, salty Atlantic <span class="hlt">Water</span> (AW) to reach the glacier fronts and melt them from below; and few shallow sills that limit the access of AW. The new oceanographic and topographic data help to fully resolve the complex pattern of historical ice front positions from the 1930s to 2017: glaciers exposed to AW and resting on retrograde beds have retreated rapidly, while glaciers perched on shallow sills or standing in colder <span class="hlt">waters</span> or with major sills in the fjords have remained stable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28488','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28488"><span>Manning's roughness coefficient for buried composite arch <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>This report includes fulfillment of Task 9 of a multi-task contract to further enhance concrete filled FRP tubes, or : the <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> in a Backpack. Task 9 investigates the interaction of <span class="hlt">water</span> flow under the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> with the tubes and : decking and recom...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278110','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278110"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> arterial thrombus related stroke treated by intravenous thrombolysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vanacker, P; Cordier, M; Janbieh, J; Federau, C; Michel, P</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The effects of intravenous thrombolysis on <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombi in cervical and intracranial arteries of acute ischemic stroke patients are unknown. Similarly, the best prevention methods of early recurrences remain controversial. This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological outcome of thrombolyzed strokes with <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombi. We retrospectively analyzed all thrombolyzed stroke patients in our institution between 2003 and 2010 with <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombi on acute CT-angiography before the intravenous thrombolysis. The <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombus was diagnosed if an elongated thrombus of at least 5 mm length, completely surrounded by contrast on supra-aortic neck or intracerebral arteries, was present on CT-angiography. Demographics, vascular risk factors, and comorbidities were recorded and stroke etiology was determined after a standardized workup. Repeat arterial imaging was performed by CTA at 24 h or before if clinical worsening was noted and then by Doppler and MRA during the first week and at four months. Of 409 thrombolyzed stroke patients undergoing acute CT Angiography, seven (1.7%) had a <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombus; of these seven, six had it in the anterior circulation. Demographics, risk factors and stroke severity of these patients were comparable to the other thrombolyzed patients. After intravenous thrombolysis, the <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombi resolved completely at 24 h in four of the patients, whereas one had an early recurrent stroke and one developed progressive worsening. One patient developed early occlusion of the carotid artery with <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombus and subsequently a TIA. The two patients with a stable <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombus had no clinical recurrences. In the literature, only one of four reported cases were found to have a thrombolysis-related early recurrence. Long-term outcome seemed similar in thrombolyzed patients with <span class="hlt">floating</span> thrombus, despite a possible increase of very early recurrence. It remains to be established whether acute mechanical thrombectomy could be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..135a2023A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..135a2023A"><span>The Usage of Geographical Information System in the Selection of <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Cages Location for Aquaculture at Prigi Bay, Trenggalek Regency, East Java</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Armono, H. D.; Mahaputra, B. G.; Zikra, M.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Floating</span> cages is one of the methods of fish farming (aqua culture) that can be developed at rivers, lakes or seas. To determine a proper location for <span class="hlt">floating</span> cages, there are some requirements that need to be fulfilled to maintain sustainibility of <span class="hlt">floating</span> cages. Those requirements are the quality of the environment. This paper will discuss the selection of best location for aquaculture activities using Weighted Overlay method in the Geographical Information System, based on the the concentration of chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature presented by Aqua MODIS Level 1b satellite images. The satellite data will be associated with the measured field data on March and October 2016. The study take place on Prigi Bay, at Trenggalek Regency, East Java. Based on spatial analysis in the Geographical Information System, the Prigi bay generally suitable for aquaculture activities using <span class="hlt">floating</span> net cages. The result of Weighted Overlay combinations in both periods showed a mean score of 2.18 of 3 where 8.33 km2 (23.13% of the <span class="hlt">water</span> area) considered as "very suitable" and 27.67 km2 (76.87% of <span class="hlt">water</span> area) considered "suitable".</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhFl...24j1701B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhFl...24j1701B"><span>Can flexibility help you <span class="hlt">float</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burton, L. J.; Bush, J. W. M.</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>We consider the role of flexibility in the weight-bearing characteristics of bodies <span class="hlt">floating</span> at an interface. Specifically, we develop a theoretical model for a two-dimensional thin <span class="hlt">floating</span> plate that yields the maximum stable plate load and optimal stiffness for weight support. Plates small relative to the capillary length are primarily supported by surface tension, and their weight-bearing potential does not benefit from flexibility. Above a critical size comparable to the capillary length, flexibility assists interfacial flotation. For plates on the order of and larger than the capillary length, deflection from an initially flat shape increases the force resulting from hydrostatic pressure, allowing the plate to support a greater load. In this large plate limit, the shape that bears the most weight is a semicircle, which displaces the most fluid above the plate for a fixed plate length. Exact results for maximum weight-bearing plate shapes are compared to analytic approximations made in the limits of large and small plate sizes. The value of flexibility for <span class="hlt">floating</span> to a number of biological organisms is discussed in light of our study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.753j2003G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.753j2003G"><span>A study of rotor and platform design trade-offs for large-scale <span class="hlt">floating</span> vertical axis wind turbines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Griffith, D. Todd; Paquette, Joshua; Barone, Matthew; Goupee, Andrew J.; Fowler, Matthew J.; Bull, Diana; Owens, Brian</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Vertical axis wind turbines are receiving significant attention for offshore siting. In general, offshore wind offers proximity to large populations centers, a vast & more consistent wind resource, and a scale-up opportunity, to name a few beneficial characteristics. On the other hand, offshore wind suffers from high levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and in particular high balance of system (BoS) costs owing to accessibility challenges and limited project experience. To address these challenges associated with offshore wind, Sandia National Laboratories is researching large-scale (MW class) offshore <span class="hlt">floating</span> vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). The motivation for this work is that <span class="hlt">floating</span> VAWTs are a potential transformative technology solution to reduce offshore wind LCOE in deep-<span class="hlt">water</span> locations. This paper explores performance and cost trade-offs within the design space for <span class="hlt">floating</span> VAWTs between the configurations for the rotor and platform.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol2-sec157-415.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol2-sec157-415.pdf"><span>33 CFR 157.415 - <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> resource management policy and procedures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> resource management policy... Petroleum Oils § 157.415 <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> resource management policy and procedures. (a) Not later than February 1... in charge of the navigational watch concerning the need for continuously reassessing how <span class="hlt">bridge</span>-watch...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863499','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863499"><span>Vertical pump with free <span class="hlt">floating</span> check valve</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Lindsay, Malcolm</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>A vertical pump with a bottom discharge having a free <span class="hlt">floating</span> check valve isposed in the outlet plenum thereof. The free <span class="hlt">floating</span> check valve comprises a spherical member with a hemispherical cage-like member attached thereto which is capable of allowing forward or reverse flow under appropriate conditions while preventing reverse flow under inappropriate conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=boat&id=EJ1000923','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=boat&id=EJ1000923"><span>Whatever <span class="hlt">Floats</span> Your Boat: A Design Challenge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kornoelje, Joanne; Roman, Harry T.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>This article presents a simple design challenge, based on the PBS program "Design Squad's" "Watercraft" activity that will prove engaging to most technology and engineering students. In this <span class="hlt">floating</span> boat challenge, students are to build a boat that can <span class="hlt">float</span> and support 25 pennies for at least 10 seconds--without leaking, sinking, or tipping…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29948705','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29948705"><span>Biological <span class="hlt">floating</span> bed and bio-contact oxidation processes for landscape <span class="hlt">water</span> treatment: simultaneous removal of Microcystis aeruginosa, TOC, nitrogen and phosphorus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Su, Jun Feng; Liang, Dong Hui; Fu, Le; Wei, Li; Ma, Min</p> <p>2018-06-13</p> <p>The aim of this study was to identify algicidal bacteria J25 against the Microcystis aeruginosa (90.14%), Chlorella (78.75%), Scenedesmus (not inhibited), and Oscillatoria (90.12%). Meanwhile, we evaluate the SOD activity and efficiency of denitrification characteristics with Acinetobacter sp. J25. A novel hybrid bioreactor combined biological <span class="hlt">floating</span> bed with bio-contact oxidation (BFBO) was designed for treating the landscape <span class="hlt">water</span>, and the average removal efficiencies of nitrate-N, ammonia-N, nitrite-N, TN, TP, TOC, and algal cells were 91.14, 50, 87.86, 88.83, 33.07, 53.95, and 53.43%, respectively. A 454-pyrosequencing technology was employed to investigate the microbial communities of the BFBO reactor samples. The results showed that Acinetobacter sp. J25 was the dominant contributor for effective removal of N, algal cells, and TOC in the BFBO reactor. And the relative abundance of Acinetobacter showed increase trend with the delay of reaction time. Graphical abstract Biological <span class="hlt">floating</span> bed and bio-contact oxidation (BFBO) as a novel hybrid bioreactor designed for simultaneous removal Microcystis aeruginosa, TOC, nitrogen, and phosphorus. And high-throughput sequencing data demonstrated that Acinetobacter sp. J25 was the dominate species in the reactor and played key roles in the removal of N, TOC, and M. aeruginosa. Proposed reaction mechanism of the BFBO.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4508877','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4508877"><span>Changing Patterns of the <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Population in China during 2000-2010*</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liang, Zai; Li, Zhen; Ma, Zhongdong</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Using data from the 2000 and 2010 Chinese Population Censuses and applying a consistent definition of migration, this paper examines changing patterns of China's <span class="hlt">floating</span> population during 2000-2010. We find that during the first decade of the 21st century, there have been significant changes in China's <span class="hlt">floating</span> population, as reflected in continuing rise of interprovincial <span class="hlt">floating</span> population and the rise of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> population in China's western and interior regions, geographic diversification of destinations for the <span class="hlt">floating</span> population, a major increase in interprovincial return migration, and significant improvement in education and occupational profiles among the <span class="hlt">floating</span> population. We argue that these patterns are driven by a combination of complex domestic and international factors, including the newly released Labor Law, removal of agricultural tax, the western China development program, increased investment in education by the Chinese government, and the global financial crisis. We also discuss several challenges facing the <span class="hlt">floating</span> population in the coming years, which include equality of educational opportunity for migrant children and adequate housing and social welfare protection for the <span class="hlt">floating</span> population. Finally, we reflect on the future of migration research in China. PMID:26213427</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec116-30.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec116-30.pdf"><span>33 CFR 116.30 - Administrator, Office of <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Programs Review and Evaluation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Administrator, Office of <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> ALTERATION OF UNREASONABLY OBSTRUCTIVE <span class="hlt">BRIDGES</span> § 116.30 Administrator, Office of <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Programs Review and Evaluation. (a) Upon receiving a Detailed Investigation Report from...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ca3307.photos.194756p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ca3307.photos.194756p/"><span>8. VIEW OF ACCESS <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> AND INTAKE PIER FROM THE ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>8. VIEW OF ACCESS <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> AND INTAKE PIER FROM THE <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> PIER ABUTMENT, LOOKING NORTHEAST. - Sacramento River <span class="hlt">Water</span> Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/25602','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/25602"><span>Evaluation of the environmental impact of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> deck runoff.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Bridges</span> are located in very close proximity to receiving <span class="hlt">waters</span>, and regulatory agencies often require specific stormwater : control measures for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> deck runoff. While there is some information available on roadway runoff, few studies have : focu...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25583861','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25583861"><span>Dynamic response mitigation of <span class="hlt">floating</span> wind turbine platforms using tuned liquid column dampers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jaksic, V; Wright, C S; Murphy, J; Afeef, C; Ali, S F; Mandic, D P; Pakrashi, V</p> <p>2015-02-28</p> <p>In this paper, we experimentally study and compare the effects of three combinations of multiple tuned liquid column dampers (MTLCDs) on the dynamic performance of a model <span class="hlt">floating</span> tension-leg platform (TLP) structure in a wave basin. The structural stability and safety of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> structure during operation and maintenance is of concern for the performance of a renewable energy device that it might be supporting. The dynamic responses of the structure should thus be limited for these renewable energy devices to perform as intended. This issue is particularly important during the operation of a TLP in extreme weather conditions. Tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) can use the power of sloshing <span class="hlt">water</span> to reduce surge motions of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> TLP exposed to wind and waves. This paper demonstrates the potential of MTLCDs in reducing dynamic responses of a scaled TLP model through an experimental study. The potential of using output-only statistical markers for monitoring changes in structural conditions is also investigated through the application of a delay vector variance (DVV) marker for different conditions of control for the experiments. © 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873591','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873591"><span>Micromechanisms with <span class="hlt">floating</span> pivot</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Garcia, Ernest J.</p> <p>2001-03-06</p> <p>A new class of tilting micromechanical mechanisms have been developed. These new mechanisms use <span class="hlt">floating</span> pivot structures to relieve some of the problems encountered in the use of solid flexible pivots.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/nh0127.photos.104567p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/nh0127.photos.104567p/"><span>17. Baltimore through truss steel <span class="hlt">bridge</span> (1905), built by the ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>17. Baltimore through truss steel <span class="hlt">bridge</span> (1905), built by the American <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Company. The <span class="hlt">bridge</span> is 15 to 20 feet wide, with a wooden deck, and connects the Sullivan Machine Co. with the Foundry. The enclosed <span class="hlt">bridge</span> in the background was constructed ca. 1920, and connects the Chain Machine Building with its power plant, foundry, and pattern shop. - Sullivan Machinery Company, Main Street between Pearl & <span class="hlt">Water</span> Streets, Claremont, Sullivan County, NH</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18249530','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18249530"><span>New insights on poly(vinyl acetate)-based coated <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets: characterisation of hydration and CO2 generation by benchtop MRI and its relation to drug release and <span class="hlt">floating</span> strength.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Strübing, Sandra; Abboud, Tâmara; Contri, Renata Vidor; Metz, Hendrik; Mäder, Karsten</p> <p>2008-06-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of <span class="hlt">floating</span> and drug release behaviour of poly(vinyl acetate)-based <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets with membrane controlled drug delivery. Propranolol HCl containing tablets with Kollidon SR as an excipient for direct compression and different Kollicoat SR 30 D/Kollicoat IR coats varying from 10 to 20mg polymer/cm2 were investigated regarding drug release in 0.1N HCl. Furthermore, the onset of <span class="hlt">floating</span>, the <span class="hlt">floating</span> duration and the <span class="hlt">floating</span> strength of the device were determined. In addition, benchtop MRI studies of selected samples were performed. Coated tablets with 10mg polymer/cm2 SR/IR, 8.5:1.5 coat exhibited the shortest lag times prior to drug release and <span class="hlt">floating</span> onset, the fastest increase in and highest maximum values of <span class="hlt">floating</span> strength. The drug release was delayed efficiently within a time interval of 24 h by showing linear drug release characteristics. Poly(vinyl acetate) proved to be an appropriate excipient to ensure safe and reliable drug release. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> strength measurements offered the possibility to quantify the <span class="hlt">floating</span> ability of the developed systems and thus to compare different formulations more efficiently. Benchtop MRI studies allowed a deeper insight into drug release and <span class="hlt">floating</span> mechanisms noninvasively and continuously.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008GeoRL..35.2503R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008GeoRL..35.2503R"><span>Channelized bottom melting and stability of <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice shelves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rignot, E.; Steffen, K.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice shelf in front of Petermann Glacier, in northwest Greenland, experiences massive bottom melting that removes 80% of its ice before calving into the Arctic Ocean. Detailed surveys of the ice shelf reveal the presence of 1-2 km wide, 200-400 m deep, sub-ice shelf channels, aligned with the flow direction and spaced by 5 km. We attribute their formation to the bottom melting of ice from warm ocean <span class="hlt">waters</span> underneath. Drilling at the center of one of channel, only 8 m above sea level, confirms the presence of ice-shelf melt <span class="hlt">water</span> in the channel. These deep incisions in ice-shelf thickness imply a vulnerability to mechanical break up and climate warming of ice shelves that has not been considered previously.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-KSC-03pd2267.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-KSC-03pd2267.html"><span>Roy D. <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> <span class="hlt">Bridge</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-08-06</p> <p>From left, incoming KSC Director James W. Kennedy looks on as departing KSC Director Roy D. <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> Jr. shakes hands with the 45th Space Wing Commander Brig. Gen. J. Gregory Pavlovich. The occasion is the unveiling of the new sign on the NASA Causeway naming the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> for <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> who is leaving KSC to become the director of NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. The <span class="hlt">bridge</span> spans the Banana River on the NASA Causeway and connects Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24512312','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24512312"><span>Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of ketorolac <span class="hlt">floating</span> delivery system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Radwan, Mahasen A; Abou El Ela, Amal El Sayeh F; Hassan, Maha A; El-Maraghy, Dalia A</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>The efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) <span class="hlt">floating</span> alginate beads as a drug delivery system for better control of KT release was investigated. The formulation with the highest drug loading, entrapment efficiency, swelling, buoyancy, and in vitro release would be selected for further in vivo analgesic effect in the mice and pharmacokinetics study in rats compared to the tablet dosage form. KT <span class="hlt">floating</span> alginate beads were prepared by extrusion congealing technique. KT in plasma samples was analyzed using a UPLC MS/MS assay. The percentage yield, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were increased proportionally with the hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) polymer amount in the KT <span class="hlt">floating</span> beads. A reverse relationship was observed between HPMC amount in the beads and the KT in vitro release rate. F3-<span class="hlt">floating</span> beads were selected, due to its better in vitro results (continued <span class="hlt">floating</span> for >8 h) than others. A longer analgesic effect was observed for F3 in fed mice as compared to the tablets. After F3 administration to rats, the Cmax (2.2 ± 0.3 µg/ml) was achieved at ∼2 h and the decline in KT concentration was slower. F3 showed a significant increase in the AUC (1.89 fold) in rats as compared to the tablets. KT was successfully formulated as <span class="hlt">floating</span> beads with prolonged in vitro release extended to a better in vivo characteristic with higher bioavailability in rats. KT in <span class="hlt">floating</span> beads shows a superior analgesic effect over tablets, especially in fed mice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.473.1589G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.473.1589G"><span>Capture of free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> planets by planetary systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goulinski, Nadav; Ribak, Erez N.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Evidence of exoplanets with orbits that are misaligned with the spin of the host star may suggest that not all bound planets were born in the protoplanetary disc of their current planetary system. Observations have shown that free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> Jupiter-mass objects can exceed the number of stars in our Galaxy, implying that capture scenarios may not be so rare. To address this issue, we construct a three-dimensional simulation of a three-body scattering between a free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> planet and a star accompanied by a Jupiter-mass bound planet. We distinguish between three different possible scattering outcomes, where the free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> planet may get weakly captured after the brief interaction with the binary, remain unbound or 'kick out' the bound planet and replace it. The simulation was performed for different masses of the free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> planets and stars, as well as different impact parameters, inclination angles and approach velocities. The outcome statistics are used to construct an analytical approximation of the cross-section for capturing a free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> planet by fitting their dependence on the tested variables. The analytically approximated cross-section is used to predict the capture rate for these kinds of objects, and to estimate that about 1 per cent of all stars are expected to experience a temporary capture of a free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> planet during their lifetime. Finally, we propose additional physical processes that may increase the capture statistics and whose contribution should be considered in future simulations in order to determine the fate of the temporarily captured planets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDM17008K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDM17008K"><span>Description of signature scales in a <span class="hlt">floating</span> wind turbine model wake subjected to varying turbulence intensity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kadum, Hawwa; Rockel, Stanislav; Holling, Michael; Peinke, Joachim; Cal, Raul Bayon</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The wake behind a <span class="hlt">floating</span> model horizontal axis wind turbine during pitch motion is investigated and compared to a fixed wind turbine wake. An experiment is conducted in an acoustic wind tunnel where hot-wire data are acquired at five downstream locations. At each downstream location, a rake of 16 hot-wires was used with placement of the probes increasing radially in the vertical, horizontal, and diagonally at 45 deg. In addition, the effect of turbulence intensity on the <span class="hlt">floating</span> wake is examined by subjecting the wind turbine to different inflow conditions controlled through three settings in the wind tunnel grid, a passive and two active protocols, thus varying in intensity. The wakes are inspected by statistics of the point measurements, where the various length/time scales are considered. The wake characteristics for a <span class="hlt">floating</span> wind turbine are compared to a fixed turbine, and uncovering its features; relevant as the demand for exploiting deep <span class="hlt">waters</span> in wind energy is increasing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.753j2001C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.753j2001C"><span>Numerical study on aerodynamic damping of <span class="hlt">floating</span> vertical axis wind turbines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cheng, Zhengshun; Aagaard Madsen, Helge; Gao, Zhen; Moan, Torgeir</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Harvesting offshore wind energy resources using <span class="hlt">floating</span> vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) has attracted an increasing interest in recent years. Due to its potential impact on fatigue damage, the aerodynamic damping should be considered in the preliminary design of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> VAWT based on the frequency domain method. However, currently the study on aerodynamic damping of <span class="hlt">floating</span> VAWTs is very limited. Due to the essential difference in aerodynamic load characteristics, the aerodynamic damping of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> VAWT could be different from that of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). In this study, the aerodynamic damping of <span class="hlt">floating</span> VAWTs was studied in a fully coupled manner, and its influential factors and its effects on the motions, especially the pitch motion, were demonstrated. Three straight-bladed <span class="hlt">floating</span> VAWTs with identical solidity and with a blade number varying from two to four were considered. The aerodynamic damping under steady and turbulent wind conditions were estimated using fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic time domain simulations. It is found that the aerodynamic damping ratio of the considered <span class="hlt">floating</span> VAWTs ranges from 1.8% to 5.3%. Moreover, the aerodynamic damping is almost independent of the rotor azimuth angle, and is to some extent sensitive to the blade number.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.C23A1211P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.C23A1211P"><span>Observing the seasonal cycle of the upper ocean in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with autonomous profiling <span class="hlt">floats</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Porter, D. F.; Springer, S. R.; Padman, L.; Fricker, H. A.; Bell, R. E.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The upper layers of the Southern Ocean where it meets the Antarctic ice sheet undergoes a large seasonal cycle controlled by surface radiation and by freshwater fluxes, both of which are strongly influenced by sea ice. In regions where seasonal sea ice and icebergs limit use of ice-tethered profilers and conventional moorings, autonomous profiling <span class="hlt">floats</span> can sample the upper ocean. The deployment of seven Apex <span class="hlt">floats</span> (by sea) and six ALAMO <span class="hlt">floats</span> (by air) provides unique upper ocean hydrographic data in the Ross Sea close to the Ross Ice Shelf front. A novel choice of mission parameters - setting parking depth deeper than the seabed - limits their drift, allowing us to deploy the <span class="hlt">floats</span> close to the ice shelf front, while sea ice avoidance algorithms allow the <span class="hlt">floats</span> to to sample through winter under sea ice. Hydrographic profiles show the detailed development of the seasonal mixed layer close to the Ross front, and interannual variability of the seasonal mixed layer and deeper <span class="hlt">water</span> masses on the central Ross Sea continental shelf. After the sea ice breakup in spring, a warm and fresh surface mixed layer develops, further warming and deepening throughout the summer. The mixed layer deepens, with maximum temperatures exceeding 0ºC in mid-February. By March, the surface energy budget becomes negative and sea ice begins to form, creating a cold, saline and dense surface layer. Once these processes overcome the stable summer stratification, convection erodes the surface mixed layer, mixing some heat downwards to deeper layers. There is considerable interannual variability in the evolution and strength of the surface mixed layer: summers with shorter ice-free periods result in a cooler and shallower surface mixed layer, which accumulates less heat than the summers with longer ice-free periods. Early ice breakup occurred in all <span class="hlt">floats</span> in 2016/17 summer, enhancing the absorbed solar flux leading to a warmer surface mixed layer. Together, these unique measurements from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1715552Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1715552Z"><span>Organic matter evolution throughout a 100-cm ombrotrophic profile from an Italian <span class="hlt">floating</span> mire</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zaccone, Claudio; D'Orazio, Valeria; Lobianco, Daniela; Miano, Teodoro M.</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The curious sight of an island <span class="hlt">floating</span> and moving on a lake naturally, already described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis historia (AD 77-79), fascinated people from time immemorial. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> mires are defined by the occurrence of emergent vegetation rooted in highly organic buoyant mats that rise and fall with changes in <span class="hlt">water</span> level. Peat-forming <span class="hlt">floating</span> mires could provide an exceptional tool for environmental studies, since much of their evolution, as well as the changes of the surrounding areas, is recorded in their peat deposits. A complete, 4-m deep peat core was collected in July 2012 from the <span class="hlt">floating</span> island of Posta Fibreno, a relic mire in the Central Italy. This <span class="hlt">floating</span> island has a diameter of ca. 30 m, a submerged thickness of about 3 m, and the vegetation is organized in concentric belts, from the Carex paniculata palisade to the Sphagnum centre. Here, some of the southernmost Italian populations of Sphagnum palustre occur. The 14C age dating of macrofossils removed from the sample at 360 cm of depth revealed that the island probably formed more than 500 yrs ago (435±20 yr BP). In the present work, we show preliminary results regarding the evolution of the organic matter along the first, ombrotrophic 100 cm of depth, hoping also to provide some insight into the possible mechanism of the evolution of this <span class="hlt">floating</span> island. The 100 cm monolith was collected using a Wardenaar corer and cut frozen in 1-cm layers. It consists almost exclusively of Sphagnum mosses, often spaced out, in the top 20-30 cm, by leaves of Populus tremula that annually fell off. This section shows a very low bulk density, ranging from 0.017 and 0.059 g cm-3 (avg. value, 0.03±0.01 g cm-3), an average <span class="hlt">water</span> content of 96.1±1.1%, and a gravimetric <span class="hlt">water</span> content ranging between 14.3 and 41.5 gwater gdrypeat-1. The pH of porewaters was in the range 5-5.5. The C content along the profile ranged between 35 and 47% (avg., 41±1%), whereas the N between 0.3 and 0.9% (avg., 0.6±0</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020043705&hterms=Memory+long+term&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DMemory%2Blong%2Bterm','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020043705&hterms=Memory+long+term&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DMemory%2Blong%2Bterm"><span>Radiation Issues and Applications of <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Gate Memories</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Scheick, L. Z.; Nguyen, D. N.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>The radiation effects that affect various systems that comprise <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate memories are presented. The wear-out degradation results of unirradiated flash memories are compared to irradiated flash memories. The procedure analyzes the failure to write and erase caused by wear-out and degradation of internal charge pump circuits. A method is described for characterizing the radiation effects of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate itself. The rate dependence, stopping power dependence, SEU susceptibility and applications of <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate in radiation environment are presented. The ramifications for dosimetry and cell failure are discussed as well as for the long term use aspects of non-volatile memories.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=MSFC-9902589&hterms=Data+Packages&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DData%2BPackages','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=MSFC-9902589&hterms=Data+Packages&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DData%2BPackages"><span><span class="hlt">Float</span> Package and the Data Rack aboard the DC-9</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Ted Brunzie and Peter Mason observe the <span class="hlt">float</span> package and the data rack aboard the DC-9 reduced gravity aircraft. The <span class="hlt">float</span> package contains a cryostat, a video camera, a pump and accelerometers. The data rack displays and record the video signal from the <span class="hlt">float</span> package on tape and stores acceleration and temperature measurements on disk.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhyA..428...13S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhyA..428...13S"><span>Multifractal analysis of managed and independent <span class="hlt">float</span> exchange rates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stošić, Darko; Stošić, Dusan; Stošić, Tatijana; Stanley, H. Eugene</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>We investigate multifractal properties of daily price changes in currency rates using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). We analyze managed and independent <span class="hlt">floating</span> currency rates in eight countries, and determine the changes in multifractal spectrum when transitioning between the two regimes. We find that after the transition from managed to independent <span class="hlt">float</span> regime the changes in multifractal spectrum (position of maximum and width) indicate an increase in market efficiency. The observed changes are more pronounced for developed countries that have a well established trading market. After shuffling the series, we find that the multifractality is due to both probability density function and long term correlations for managed <span class="hlt">float</span> regime, while for independent <span class="hlt">float</span> regime multifractality is in most cases caused by broad probability density function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ms0224.photos.093638p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ms0224.photos.093638p/"><span>40. MISSISSIPPI, LOWNDES CO. COLUMBUS OLD ROAD <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> End of ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>40. MISSISSIPPI, LOWNDES CO. COLUMBUS OLD ROAD <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> End of Main St., Columbus 'Aerial' view of 1878 <span class="hlt">bridge</span> during flood. Taken from <span class="hlt">water</span> tower in Columbus. Credit: Shenks Photography, Columbus, Ms, owner. O. Pruitt, photographer, Apr 1892. Sarcone Photography, Columbus, Ms. Sep 1978. - <span class="hlt">Bridges</span> of the Upper Tombigbee River Valley, Columbus, Lowndes County, MS</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1943M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.1943M"><span>Damage assessment of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> infrastructure subjected to flood-related hazards</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Michalis, Panagiotis; Cahill, Paul; Bekić, Damir; Kerin, Igor; Pakrashi, Vikram; Lapthorne, John; Morais, João Gonçalo Martins Paulo; McKeogh, Eamon</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Transportation assets represent a critical component of society's infrastructure systems. Flood-related hazards are considered one of the main climate change impacts on highway and railway infrastructure, threatening the security and functionality of transportation systems. Of such hazards, flood-induced scour is a primarily cause of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> collapses worldwide and one of the most complex and challenging <span class="hlt">water</span> flow and erosion phenomena, leading to structural instability and ultimately catastrophic failures. Evaluation of scour risk under severe flood events is a particularly challenging issue considering that depth of foundations is very difficult to evaluate in <span class="hlt">water</span> environment. The continual inspection, assessment and maintenance of <span class="hlt">bridges</span> and other hydraulic structures under extreme flood events requires a multidisciplinary approach, including knowledge and expertise of hydraulics, hydrology, structural engineering, geotechnics and infrastructure management. The large number of <span class="hlt">bridges</span> under a single management unit also highlights the need for efficient management, information sharing and self-informing systems to provide reliable, cost-effective flood and scour risk management. The "Intelligent <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Assessment Maintenance and Management System" (<span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span> SMS) is an EU/FP7 funded project which aims to couple state-of-the art scientific expertise in multidisciplinary engineering sectors with industrial knowledge in infrastructure management. This involves the application of integrated low-cost structural health monitoring systems to provide real-time information towards the development of an intelligent decision support tool and a web-based platform to assess and efficiently manage <span class="hlt">bridge</span> assets. This study documents the technological experience and presents results obtained from the application of sensing systems focusing on the damage assessment of <span class="hlt">water</span>-hazards at <span class="hlt">bridges</span> over watercourses in Ireland. The applied instrumentation is interfaced with an open</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018InJPh..92...49P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018InJPh..92...49P"><span>A novel grounded to <span class="hlt">floating</span> admittance converter with electronic control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Prasad, Dinesh; Ahmad, Javed; Srivastava, Mayank</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This article suggests a new grounded to <span class="hlt">floating</span> admittance convertor employing only two voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs). The proposed circuit can convert any arbitrary grounded admittance into <span class="hlt">floating</span> admittance with electronically controllable scaling factor. The presented converter enjoys the following beneficial: (1) no requirement of any additional passive element (2) scaling factor can be tuned electronically through bias currents of VDTAs (3) no matching constraint required (4) low values of active/passive sensitivity indexes and (5) excellent non ideal behavior that indicates no deviation in circuit behavior even under non ideal environment. Application of the proposed configuration in realization of <span class="hlt">floating</span> resistor and <span class="hlt">floating</span> capacitor has been presented and the workability of these <span class="hlt">floating</span> elements has been confirmed by active filter design examples. SPICE simulations have been performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed circuits.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec1-01-60.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol1-sec1-01-60.pdf"><span>33 CFR 1.01-60 - Delegations for issuance of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> permits.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">bridge</span> permits. 1.01-60 Section 1.01-60 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... <span class="hlt">bridge</span> permits. (a) The Commandant delegates to the Deputy Commandant for Operations (CG-DCO), the authority to issue the following permits for the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of <span class="hlt">bridges</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec1-01-60.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol1-sec1-01-60.pdf"><span>33 CFR 1.01-60 - Delegations for issuance of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> permits.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">bridge</span> permits. 1.01-60 Section 1.01-60 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... <span class="hlt">bridge</span> permits. (a) The Commandant delegates to the Deputy Commandant for Operations (CG-DCO), the authority to issue the following permits for the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of <span class="hlt">bridges</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA241972','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA241972"><span>Precision <span class="hlt">Float</span> Polishing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1991-09-11</p> <p>signal did not vary on side B when the laser beam was incident on different regions of the surface. The absorption was the same when examining a...silica and zerodur I have been polished using this technique. <span class="hlt">Float</span> polished substrates have a typical surface roughness of approximately 2 A, with a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28501162','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28501162"><span>Solidification of <span class="hlt">floating</span> organic droplet in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a green analytical tool.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mansour, Fotouh R; Danielson, Neil D</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a special type of microextraction in which a mixture of two solvents (an extracting solvent and a disperser) is injected into the sample. The extraction solvent is then dispersed as fine droplets in the cloudy sample through manual or mechanical agitation. Hence, the sample is centrifuged to break the formed emulsion and the extracting solvent is manually separated. The organic solvents commonly used in DLLME are halogenated hydrocarbons that are highly toxic. These solvents are heavier than <span class="hlt">water</span>, so they sink to the bottom of the centrifugation tube which makes the separation step difficult. By using solvents of low density, the organic extractant <span class="hlt">floats</span> on the sample surface. If the selected solvent such as undecanol has a freezing point in the range 10-25°C, the <span class="hlt">floating</span> droplet can be solidified using a simple ice-bath, and then transferred out of the sample matrix; this step is known as solidification of <span class="hlt">floating</span> organic droplet (SFOD). Coupling DLLME to SFOD combines the advantages of both approaches together. The DLLME-SFOD process is controlled by the same variables of conventional liquid-liquid extraction. The organic solvents used as extractants in DLLME-SFOD must be immiscible with <span class="hlt">water</span>, of lower density, low volatility, high partition coefficient and low melting and freezing points. The extraction efficiency of DLLME-SFOD is affected by types and volumes of organic extractant and disperser, salt addition, pH, temperature, stirring rate and extraction time. This review discusses the principle, optimization variables, advantages and disadvantages and some selected applications of DLLME-SFOD in <span class="hlt">water</span>, food and biomedical analysis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=archimedes+AND+principle&id=EJ925940','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=archimedes+AND+principle&id=EJ925940"><span>"JCE" Classroom Activity #108. Using Archimedes' Principle to Explain <span class="hlt">Floating</span> and Sinking Cans</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sanger, Michael J.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In this activity, students (working alone or in groups) measure the mass of several soda cans (diet and regular soda) along with the mass of <span class="hlt">water</span> that each can displaces. The students are then asked to compare these two mass values for the sinking cans and for the <span class="hlt">floating</span> cans. The purpose of this activity is for students to determine that the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ExG....42..167V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ExG....42..167V"><span>Airborne electromagnetic bathymetry investigations in Port Lincoln, South Australia - comparison with an equivalent <span class="hlt">floating</span> transient electromagnetic system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vrbancich, Julian</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>Helicopter time-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methodology is being investigated as a reconnaissance technique for bathymetric mapping in shallow coastal <span class="hlt">waters</span>, especially in areas affected by <span class="hlt">water</span> turbidity where light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and hyperspectral techniques may be limited. Previous studies in Port Lincoln, South Australia, used a <span class="hlt">floating</span> AEM time-domain system to provide an upper limit to the expected bathymetric accuracy based on current technology for AEM systems. The survey lines traced by the towed <span class="hlt">floating</span> system were also flown with an airborne system using the same transmitter and receiver electronic instrumentation, on two separate occasions. On the second occasion, significant improvements had been made to the instrumentation to reduce the system self-response at early times. A comparison of the interpreted <span class="hlt">water</span> depths obtained from the airborne and <span class="hlt">floating</span> systems is presented, showing the degradation in bathymetric accuracy obtained from the airborne data. An empirical data correction method based on modelled and observed EM responses over deep seawater (i.e. a quasi half-space response) at varying survey altitudes, combined with known seawater conductivity measured during the survey, can lead to significant improvements in interpreted <span class="hlt">water</span> depths and serves as a useful method for checking system calibration. Another empirical data correction method based on observed and modelled EM responses in shallow <span class="hlt">water</span> was shown to lead to similar improvements in interpreted <span class="hlt">water</span> depths; however, this procedure is notably inferior to the quasi half-space response because more parameters need to be assumed in order to compute the modelled EM response. A comparison between the results of the two airborne surveys in Port Lincoln shows that uncorrected data obtained from the second airborne survey gives good agreement with known <span class="hlt">water</span> depths without the need to apply any empirical corrections to the data. This result significantly</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1510355S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..1510355S"><span><span class="hlt">Water</span>2Invest: Global facility for calculating investments needed to <span class="hlt">bridge</span> the climate-induced <span class="hlt">water</span> gap</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Straatsma, Menno; Droogers, Peter; Brandsma, Jairus; Buytaert, Wouter; Karssenberg, Derek; Meijer, Karen; van Aalst, Maaike; van Beek, Rens; Wada, Yoshihide; Bierkens, Marc</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Decision makers responsible for climate change adaptation investments are confronted with large uncertainties regarding future <span class="hlt">water</span> availability and <span class="hlt">water</span> demand, as well as the investment cost required to reduce the <span class="hlt">water</span> gap. Moreover, scientists have worked hard to increase fundamental knowledge on climate change and its impacts (climate services), while practical use of this knowledge is limited due to a lack of tools for decision support under uncertain long term future scenarios (decision services). The <span class="hlt">Water</span>2Invest project aims are to (i) assess the joint impact of climate change and socioeconomic change on <span class="hlt">water</span> scarcity, (ii) integrate impact and potential adaptation in one flow, (iii) prioritize adaptation options to counteract <span class="hlt">water</span> scarcity on their financial, regional socio-economic and environmental implications, and (iv) deliver all this information in an integrated user-friendly web-based service. Global <span class="hlt">water</span> availability is computed between 2006 and 2100 using the PCR-GLOBWB <span class="hlt">water</span> resources model at a 6 minute spatial resolution. Climate change scenarios are based on the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the IPCC Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that defines four CO2 emission scenarios as representative concentration pathways. <span class="hlt">Water</span> demand is computed for agriculture, industry, domestic, and environmental requirements based on socio-economic scenarios of increase in population and gross domestic product. Using a linear programming algorithm, <span class="hlt">water</span> is allocated on a monthly basis over the four sectors. Based on these assessments, the user can evaluate various technological and infrastructural adaptation measures to assess the investments needed to <span class="hlt">bridge</span> the future <span class="hlt">water</span> gap. Regional environmental and socioeconomic effects of these investments are evaluated, such as environmental flows or downstream effects. A scheme is developed to evaluate the strategies on robustness and flexibility under climate change and scenario uncertainty</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25723132','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25723132"><span>Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on solidification of <span class="hlt">floating</span> organic droplet for the determination of thiamphenicol and florfenicol in environmental <span class="hlt">water</span> samples.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peng, Guilong; He, Qiang; Al-Hamadani, Sulala M Z F; Zhou, Guangming; Liu, Mengzi; Zhu, Hui; Chen, Junhua</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) followed by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection was applied for the determination of thiamphenicol (TAP), florfenicol (FF) in <span class="hlt">water</span> samples. 1-Undecanol was used as the extraction solvent which has lower density than <span class="hlt">water</span>, low toxicity, and low melting point (19°C). A mixture of 800mL acetone (disperser solvent) and 80µL of 1-undecanol (extraction solvent) was injected into 20mL of aqueous solution. After 5min, 0.6g of NaCl was added and the sample vial was shaken. After 5min, the sample was centrifuged at 3500rpm for 3min, and then placed in an ice bath. When the extraction solvent <span class="hlt">floating</span> on the aqueous solution had solidified, it was transferred into another conical vial where it was melted quickly at room temperature, and was diluted with methanol to 1mL, and analyzed by HPLC-UV detection. Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were thoroughly examined and optimized. The extraction recoveries (ER) and the enrichment factors (EF) ranged from 67% to 72% and 223 to 241, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) (S/N=3) were 0.33 and 0.56µgL(-1) for TAP and FF, respectively. Linear dynamic range (LDR) was in the range of 1.0-550µgL(-1) for TAP and 1.5-700µgL(-1) for FF, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 2.6-3.5% and the recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 94% to 106%. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490559','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490559"><span>Making and breaking <span class="hlt">bridges</span> in a Pickering emulsion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>French, David J; Taylor, Phil; Fowler, Jeff; Clegg, Paul S</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Particle <span class="hlt">bridges</span> form in Pickering emulsions when the oil-<span class="hlt">water</span> interfacial area generated by an applied shear is greater than that which can be stabilised by the available particles and the particles have a slight preference for the continuous phase. They can subsequently be broken by low shear or by modifying the particle wettability. We have developed a model oil-in-<span class="hlt">water</span> system for studying particle <span class="hlt">bridging</span> in Pickering emulsions stabilised by fluorescent Stöber silica. A mixture of dodecane and isopropyl myristate was used as the oil phase. We have used light scattering and microscopy to study the degree to which emulsions are <span class="hlt">bridged</span>, and how this is affected by parameters including particle volume fraction, particle wettability and shear rate. We have looked for direct evidence of droplets sharing particles using freeze fracture scanning electron microscopy. We have created strongly aggregating Pickering emulsions using our model system. This aggregating state can be accessed by varying several different parameters, including particle wettability and particle volume fraction. Particles with a slight preference for the continuous phase are required for <span class="hlt">bridging</span> to occur, and the degree of <span class="hlt">bridging</span> increases with increasing shear rate but decreases with increasing particle volume fraction. Particle <span class="hlt">bridges</span> can subsequently be removed by applying low shear or by modifying the particle wettability. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80339&keyword=hurricane&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=80339&keyword=hurricane&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">WATER</span> QUALITY ISSUES AND EXPECTATIONS REGARDING RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HIX <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span>, WESTPORT, MA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>At present there is a large deposit of rocks beneath and near the Hix <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> located on the East Branch of the Westport River system. Following the 1938 hurricane, remnants of a 19th century <span class="hlt">bridge</span> were apparently deposited into this constriction. The existing <span class="hlt">bridge</span>, built in 19...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.C31B0313S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.C31B0313S"><span>Sub-glacier ocean properties and mass balance estimates of Petermann Gletscher's <span class="hlt">floating</span> tongue in Northwestern Greenland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Steffen, K.; Huff, R. D.; Cullen, N.; Rignot, E.; Bauder, A.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>Petermann Gletscher is the largest and most influential outlet glacier in central northern Greenland. Located at 81 N, 60 W, it drains an area of 71,580 km2, with a discharge of 12 cubic km of ice per year into the Arctic Ocean. We finished a third field season in spring 2004 collecting in situ data on local climate, ice velocity, ice thickness profiles and bottom melt rates of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice tongue. In addition, <span class="hlt">water</span> properties (salinity and temperature profiles) in large, channel-like bottom cavities beneath the <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice tongue were measured. The melt rates in these "channels" are in excess of 10 m/y and probably responsible for most of the mass loss of the Petermann Gletscher. The ocean measurements will be discussed in comparison with other ocean-profile soundings in the region. The bottom topography of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice tongue has been mapped for some regions using surface-based ground penetrating radar at 25 MHz frequency and NASA aircraft radar profiles. A new map showing these under-ice features will be presented. GPS tidal motion has been measured over one lunar cycle at the flex zone and on the free <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice tongue. These results will be compared to historic measurements made at the beginning of last century. A "worm-like" sheer feature of 80 m in height and several km in length has been studied using differential GPS readings. The mean velocity of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> tongue ice is 1.08 km/y in that region, whereas the ice along the margin has a 30%-reduced flow speed, resulting in this strange looking sheer feature. Finally, the mass balance of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> ice tongue will be discussed based on in situ measurements, aircraft profiles, satellite data, and model approximations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770006011','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770006011"><span><span class="hlt">Float</span>-zone processing in a weightless environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fowle, A. A.; Haggerty, J. S.; Perron, R. R.; Strong, P. F.; Swanson, J. L.</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>The results were reported of investigations to: (1) test the validity of analyses which set maximum practical diameters for Si crystals that can be processed by the <span class="hlt">float</span> zone method in a near weightless environment, (2) determine the convective flow patterns induced in a typical <span class="hlt">float</span> zone, Si melt under conditions perceived to be advantageous to the crystal growth process using flow visualization techniques applied to a dimensionally scaled model of the Si melt, (3) revise the estimates of the economic impact of space produced Si crystal by the <span class="hlt">float</span> zone method on the U.S. electronics industry, and (4) devise a rational plan for future work related to crystal growth phenomena wherein low gravity conditions available in a space site can be used to maximum benefit to the U.S. electronics industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPA13E..01W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMPA13E..01W"><span><span class="hlt">Bridging</span> the <span class="hlt">Water</span> Policy and Management Silos: An Opportunity for Leveraged Capacity Building</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wegner, D. L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The global community is challenged by increasing demand and decreasing <span class="hlt">water</span> supplies. Historically nations have focused on local or regional <span class="hlt">water</span> development projects that meet specific needs, often without consideration of the impact on downstream transboundary <span class="hlt">water</span> users or the watershed itself. Often these decisions have been based on small sets of project specific data with little assessment on river basin impacts. In the United States this disjointed approach to <span class="hlt">water</span> has resulted in 26 federal agencies having roles in <span class="hlt">water</span> management or regulation, 50 states addressing <span class="hlt">water</span> rights and compliance, and a multitude of tribal and local entities intersecting the <span class="hlt">water</span> process. This approach often manifests itself in a convoluted, disjointed and time-consuming approach. The last systematic and comprehensive review of nationwide <span class="hlt">water</span> policy was the 1973 National <span class="hlt">Water</span> Commission Report. A need exists for capacity building collaborative and integrative leadership and dialogue. NASA's Western <span class="hlt">Water</span> Applications Office (WWAO) provides a unique opportunity to leverage <span class="hlt">water</span> and terrain data with <span class="hlt">water</span> agencies and policy makers. A supported WWAO can provide <span class="hlt">bridges</span> between federal and state <span class="hlt">water</span> agencies; provide consistent integrated hydrologic and terrain based data set acquired from multiple earth orbiting satellites and airborne platforms; provide data sets leveraged with academic and research based entities to develop specific integrative predictive tools; and evaluate hydrology information across multiple boundaries. It is the author's conclusion that the Western <span class="hlt">Water</span> Applications Office can provide a value-added approach that will help translate transboundary <span class="hlt">water</span> and earth terrain information to national policy decisions through education, increased efficiency, increased connectivity, improved coordination, and increased communication. To be effective the WWAO should embrace five objectives: (1) be technically and scientifically valid; (2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27386269','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27386269"><span>A probabilistic <span class="hlt">bridge</span> safety evaluation against floods.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liao, Kuo-Wei; Muto, Yasunori; Chen, Wei-Lun; Wu, Bang-Ho</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>To further capture the influences of uncertain factors on river <span class="hlt">bridge</span> safety evaluation, a probabilistic approach is adopted. Because this is a systematic and nonlinear problem, MPP-based reliability analyses are not suitable. A sampling approach such as a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) or importance sampling is often adopted. To enhance the efficiency of the sampling approach, this study utilizes Bayesian least squares support vector machines to construct a response surface followed by an MCS, providing a more precise safety index. Although there are several factors impacting the flood-resistant reliability of a <span class="hlt">bridge</span>, previous experiences and studies show that the reliability of the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> itself plays a key role. Thus, the goal of this study is to analyze the system reliability of a selected <span class="hlt">bridge</span> that includes five limit states. The random variables considered here include the <span class="hlt">water</span> surface elevation, <span class="hlt">water</span> velocity, local scour depth, soil property and wind load. Because the first three variables are deeply affected by river hydraulics, a probabilistic HEC-RAS-based simulation is performed to capture the uncertainties in those random variables. The accuracy and variation of our solutions are confirmed by a direct MCS to ensure the applicability of the proposed approach. The results of a numerical example indicate that the proposed approach can efficiently provide an accurate <span class="hlt">bridge</span> safety evaluation and maintain satisfactory variation.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2011-title47-vol5-sec80-1007.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2011-title47-vol5-sec80-1007.pdf"><span>47 CFR 80.1007 - <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> radiotelephone installation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> radiotelephone installation. 80.1007 Section 80.1007 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND... <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-Bridge</span> Act § 80.1007 <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> radiotelephone installation. Use of the <span class="hlt">bridge-to-bridge</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title47-vol5-sec80-1007.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title47-vol5-sec80-1007.pdf"><span>47 CFR 80.1007 - <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> radiotelephone installation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> radiotelephone installation. 80.1007 Section 80.1007 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND... <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-Bridge</span> Act § 80.1007 <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> radiotelephone installation. Use of the <span class="hlt">bridge-to-bridge</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/27717','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/27717"><span>Validation and implementation of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> design specifications for barge impact loading : [summary].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>With the amount of <span class="hlt">water</span>-borne traffic and the number of <span class="hlt">bridges</span> in Florida, collisions between vessels and <span class="hlt">bridges</span> are inevitable. Few are as devastating as the 1980 collision of a freighter with the Sunshine Skyway <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, which took 35 lives and e...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014BGD....1117413G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014BGD....1117413G"><span>Autonomous profiling <span class="hlt">float</span> observations of the high biomass plume downstream of the Kerguelen plateau in the Southern Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grenier, M.; Della Penna, A.; Trull, T. W.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Natural iron fertilisation from Southern Ocean islands results in high primary production and phytoplankton biomass accumulations readily visible in satellite ocean colour observations. These images reveal great spatial complexity with highly varying concentrations of chlorophyll, presumably reflecting both variations in iron supply and conditions favouring phytoplankton accumulation. To examine the second aspect, in particular the influences of variations in temperature and stratification, we deployed four autonomous profiling <span class="hlt">floats</span> in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current near the Kerguelen plateau in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Each "bio-profiler" measured more than 250 profiles of temperature (T), salinity (S), dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl a), and particle backscatter in the top 300 m of the <span class="hlt">water</span> column, sampling up to 5 profiles per day along meandering trajectories extending up to 1000 km. Comparison of surface Chl a estimates (top 50 m depth; analogous to values from satellite images) with total <span class="hlt">water</span> column inventories revealed largely linear relationships, suggesting that dilution of chlorophyll by mixed layer depth variations plays only a minor role in the spatial distributions observed by satellite, and correspondingly that these images provide credible information on total and not just surface biomass accumulations. Regions of very high Chl a accumulation (1.5-10 μg L-1) were associated predominantly with a narrow T-S class of surface <span class="hlt">waters</span>, which appears to derive from the northern Kerguelen plateau. In contrast, <span class="hlt">waters</span> with only moderate Chl a enrichments (0.5-1.5 μg L-1) displayed no clear correlation with <span class="hlt">water</span> properties, including no dependence on mixed layer depth, suggesting a diversity of sources of iron and/or its efficient dispersion across filaments of the plume. The lack of dependence on mixed layer depth also indicates a limited influence on production by light limitation. One <span class="hlt">float</span> became trapped in a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24455466','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24455466"><span>Design of a reversible single precision <span class="hlt">floating</span> point subtractor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Anantha Lakshmi, Av; Sudha, Gf</p> <p>2014-01-04</p> <p>In recent years, Reversible logic has emerged as a major area of research due to its ability to reduce the power dissipation which is the main requirement in the low power digital circuit design. It has wide applications like low power CMOS design, Nano-technology, Digital signal processing, Communication, DNA computing and Optical computing. <span class="hlt">Floating</span>-point operations are needed very frequently in nearly all computing disciplines, and studies have shown <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point addition/subtraction to be the most used <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point operation. However, few designs exist on efficient reversible BCD subtractors but no work on reversible <span class="hlt">floating</span> point subtractor. In this paper, it is proposed to present an efficient reversible single precision <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point subtractor. The proposed design requires reversible designs of an 8-bit and a 24-bit comparator unit, an 8-bit and a 24-bit subtractor, and a normalization unit. For normalization, a 24-bit Reversible Leading Zero Detector and a 24-bit reversible shift register is implemented to shift the mantissas. To realize a reversible 1-bit comparator, in this paper, two new 3x3 reversible gates are proposed The proposed reversible 1-bit comparator is better and optimized in terms of the number of reversible gates used, the number of transistor count and the number of garbage outputs. The proposed work is analysed in terms of number of reversible gates, garbage outputs, constant inputs and quantum costs. Using these modules, an efficient design of a reversible single precision <span class="hlt">floating</span> point subtractor is proposed. Proposed circuits have been simulated using Modelsim and synthesized using Xilinx Virtex5vlx30tff665-3. The total on-chip power consumed by the proposed 32-bit reversible <span class="hlt">floating</span> point subtractor is 0.410 W.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19790000270&hterms=tightening+torque&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtightening%2Btorque','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19790000270&hterms=tightening+torque&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtightening%2Btorque"><span>Extra-strong "<span class="hlt">floating</span> nut"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Charles, J. F.; Theakston, H.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Increased bearing area withstands much higher torque than previous designs. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> nut makes it possible to fasten parts on heavy-duty equipment, such as tractors and cranes, even though they can be reached for tightening from one side only.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApPhL.109v3106A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApPhL.109v3106A"><span>Memory operations in Au nanoparticle single-electron transistors with <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate electrodes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Azuma, Yasuo; Sakamoto, Masanori; Teranishi, Toshiharu; Majima, Yutaka</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Floating</span> gate memory operations are demonstrated in a single-electron transistor (SET) fabricated by a chemical assembly using the Au nanogap electrodes and the chemisorbed Au nanoparticles. By applying pulse voltages to the control gate, phase shifts were clearly and stably observed both in the Coulomb oscillations and in the Coulomb diamonds. Writing and erasing operations on the <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate memory were reproducibly observed, and the charges on the <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate electrodes were maintained for at least 12 h. By considering the capacitance of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate electrode, the number of electrons in the <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate electrode was estimated as 260. Owing to the stability of the fabricated SET, these writing and erasing operations on the <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate memory can be applied to reconfigurable SET circuits fabricated by a chemically assembled technique.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27274884','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27274884"><span>Development and Characterization of Novel <span class="hlt">Floating</span>-Mucoadhesive Tablets Bearing Venlafaxine Hydrochloride.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Misra, Raghvendra; Bhardwaj, Peeyush</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The present investigation is concerned about the development of <span class="hlt">floating</span> bioadhesive drug delivery system of venlafaxine hydrochloride which after oral administration exhibits a unique combination of <span class="hlt">floating</span> and bioadhesion to prolong gastric residence time and increase drug bioavailability within the stomach. The <span class="hlt">floating</span> bioadhesive tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method using different ratios of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4MCR) and Carbopol 934PNF as polymers. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and citric acid were used as gas (CO2) generating agents. Tablets were characterized for <span class="hlt">floating</span> properties, in vitro drug release, detachment force, and swelling index. The concentration of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and Carbopol 934PNF significantly affects the in vitro drug release, <span class="hlt">floating</span> properties, detachment force, and swelling properties of the tablets. The optimized formulation showed the <span class="hlt">floating</span> lag time 72 ± 2.49 seconds and duration of <span class="hlt">floating</span> 24.50 ± 0.74 hr. The in vitro release studies and <span class="hlt">floating</span> behavior were studied in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) at pH 1.2. Different drug release kinetics models were also applied. The in vitro drug release from tablets was sufficiently sustained (more than 18 hr) and the Fickian transports of the drug from the tablets were confirmed. The radiological evidence suggests that the tablets remained buoyant and altered position in the stomach of albino rabbit and mean gastric residence time was prolonged (more than > 6 hr).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5388234','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5388234"><span>Formulation, release characteristics, and bioavailability study of gastroretentive <span class="hlt">floating</span> matrix tablet and <span class="hlt">floating</span> raft system of Mebeverine HCl</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>El Nabarawi, Mohamed A; Teaima, Mahmoud H; Abd El-Monem, Rehab A; El Nabarawy, Nagla A; Gaber, Dalia A</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>To prolong the residence time of dosage forms within the gastrointestinal tract until all drug is released at the desired rate is one of the real challenges for oral controlled-release drug delivery systems. This study was designed to develop a controlled-release <span class="hlt">floating</span> matrix tablet and <span class="hlt">floating</span> raft system of Mebeverine HCl (MbH) and evaluate different excipients for their <span class="hlt">floating</span> behavior and in vitro controlled-release profiles. Oral pharmacokinetics of the optimum matrix tablet, raft system formula, and marketed Duspatalin® 200 mg retard as reference were studied in beagle dogs. The optimized tablet formula (FT-10) and raft system formula (FRS-11) were found to <span class="hlt">float</span> within 34±5 sec and 15±7 sec, respectively, and both remain buoyant over a period of 12 h in simulated gastric fluid. FT-10 (Compritol/HPMC K100M 1:1) showed the slowest drug release among all prepared tablet formulations, releasing about 80.2% of MbH over 8 h. In contrast, FRS-11 (Sodium alginate 3%/HPMC K100M 1%/Precirol 2%) had the greatest retardation, providing sustained release of 82.1% within 8 h. Compared with the marketed MbH product, the Cmax of FT-10 was almost the same, while FRS-11 maximum concentration was higher. The tmax was 3.33, 2.167, and 3.0 h for marketed MbH product, FT-10, and FRS-11, respectively. In addition, the oral bioavailability experiment showed that the relative bioavailability of the MbH was 104.76 and 116.01% after oral administration of FT-10 and FRS-11, respectively, compared to marketed product. These results demonstrated that both controlled-released <span class="hlt">floating</span> matrix tablet and raft system would be promising gastroretentive delivery systems for prolonging drug action. PMID:28435220</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28435220','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28435220"><span>Formulation, release characteristics, and bioavailability study of gastroretentive <span class="hlt">floating</span> matrix tablet and <span class="hlt">floating</span> raft system of Mebeverine HCl.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>El Nabarawi, Mohamed A; Teaima, Mahmoud H; Abd El-Monem, Rehab A; El Nabarawy, Nagla A; Gaber, Dalia A</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>To prolong the residence time of dosage forms within the gastrointestinal tract until all drug is released at the desired rate is one of the real challenges for oral controlled-release drug delivery systems. This study was designed to develop a controlled-release <span class="hlt">floating</span> matrix tablet and <span class="hlt">floating</span> raft system of Mebeverine HCl (MbH) and evaluate different excipients for their <span class="hlt">floating</span> behavior and in vitro controlled-release profiles. Oral pharmacokinetics of the optimum matrix tablet, raft system formula, and marketed Duspatalin ® 200 mg retard as reference were studied in beagle dogs. The optimized tablet formula (FT-10) and raft system formula (FRS-11) were found to <span class="hlt">float</span> within 34±5 sec and 15±7 sec, respectively, and both remain buoyant over a period of 12 h in simulated gastric fluid. FT-10 (Compritol/HPMC K100M 1:1) showed the slowest drug release among all prepared tablet formulations, releasing about 80.2% of MbH over 8 h. In contrast, FRS-11 (Sodium alginate 3%/HPMC K100M 1%/Precirol 2%) had the greatest retardation, providing sustained release of 82.1% within 8 h. Compared with the marketed MbH product, the C max of FT-10 was almost the same, while FRS-11 maximum concentration was higher. The t max was 3.33, 2.167, and 3.0 h for marketed MbH product, FT-10, and FRS-11, respectively. In addition, the oral bioavailability experiment showed that the relative bioavailability of the MbH was 104.76 and 116.01% after oral administration of FT-10 and FRS-11, respectively, compared to marketed product. These results demonstrated that both controlled-released <span class="hlt">floating</span> matrix tablet and raft system would be promising gastroretentive delivery systems for prolonging drug action.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31206','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31206"><span>Unmanned surface vessel (USV) systems for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> inspection : final report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> inspection has been explored. The following issues were considered: (1) the requirements of and : current techniques utilized in on-<span class="hlt">water</span> <span class="hlt">bridge</span> inspection; (2) USV design and configuration consi...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/128933-aerodynamic-hydrodynamic-model-tests-enserch-garden-banks-floating-production-facility','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/128933-aerodynamic-hydrodynamic-model-tests-enserch-garden-banks-floating-production-facility"><span>Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic model tests of the Enserch Garden Banks <span class="hlt">floating</span> production facility</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Huang, E.W.; Bauer, T.C.; Kelly, P.J.</p> <p>1995-12-01</p> <p>This paper presents the results of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic model tests of the Enserch Garden Banks, a semisubmersible <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Production Facility (FPF) moored in 2,190-ft <span class="hlt">waters</span>. During the wind tunnel tests, the steady component of wind and current forces/moments at various skew and heel axes were measured. The results were compared and calibrated against analytical calculations using techniques recommended by ABS and API. During the wave basin recommend test the mooring line tensions and vessel motions including the effects of dynamic wind and current were measured. An analytical calculation of the airgap, vessel motions, and mooring line loads were comparedmore » with wave basin model test results. This paper discusses the test objectives, test setups and agendas for wind and wave basin testing of a deepwater permanently moored <span class="hlt">floating</span> production system. The experience from these tests and the comparison of measured tests results with analytical calculations will be of value to designers and operators contemplating the use of a semisubmersible based <span class="hlt">floating</span> production system. The analysis procedures are aimed at estimating (1) vessel motions, (2) airgap, and (3) mooring line tensions with reasonable accuracy. Finally, this paper demonstrates how the model test results were interpolated and adapted in the design loop.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhPl...25e3516P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhPl...25e3516P"><span>Compensation of the sheath effects in cylindrical <span class="hlt">floating</span> probes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, Ji-Hwan; Chung, Chin-Wook</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>In cylindrical <span class="hlt">floating</span> probe measurements, the plasma density and electron temperature are overestimated due to sheath expansion and oscillation. To reduce these sheath effects, a compensation method based on well-developed <span class="hlt">floating</span> sheath theories is proposed and applied to the <span class="hlt">floating</span> harmonic method. The iterative calculation of the Allen-Boyd-Reynolds equation can derive the <span class="hlt">floating</span> sheath thickness, which can be used to calculate the effective ion collection area; in this way, an accurate ion density is obtained. The Child-Langmuir law is used to calculate the ion harmonic currents caused by sheath oscillation of the alternating-voltage-biased probe tip. Accurate plasma parameters can be obtained by subtracting these ion harmonic currents from the total measured harmonic currents. Herein, the measurement principles and compensation method are discussed in detail and an experimental demonstration is presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-10-21/pdf/2011-27126.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-10-21/pdf/2011-27126.pdf"><span>76 FR 65376 - Regulated Navigation Area; Chelsea Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Chelsea, MA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-21</p> <p>...-AA11 Regulated Navigation Area; Chelsea Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Chelsea, MA AGENCY: Coast Guard... Area (RNA) on the navigable <span class="hlt">waters</span> of the Chelsea River under and surrounding the Chelsea Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>... opportunity for public questions or comments, during the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> construction. We will provide written...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-01-21/pdf/2010-1003.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-01-21/pdf/2010-1003.pdf"><span>75 FR 3372 - Safety Zone: Congress Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Pequonnock River, Bridgeport, CT</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-21</p> <p>...-AA00 Safety Zone: Congress Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Pequonnock River, Bridgeport, CT AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... <span class="hlt">waters</span> surrounding the Congress Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> over the Pequonnock River in Bridgeport, Connecticut. This... and equipment that are being utilized for partial demolition of the Congress Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>. Entry into...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16953','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16953"><span>Corrosion inhibitors for concrete <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>Deicing salts and salt-<span class="hlt">water</span> spray can cause serious corrosion problems for reinforced concrete <span class="hlt">bridge</span> structures. : These problems can lead to costly and labor-intensive repair and even replacement of the structure. Surface applied : corrosion inhib...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950023402','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950023402"><span>Defining the IEEE-854 <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point standard in PVS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Miner, Paul S.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>A significant portion of the ANSI/IEEE-854 Standard for Radix-Independent <span class="hlt">Floating</span>-Point Arithmetic is defined in PVS (Prototype Verification System). Since IEEE-854 is a generalization of the ANSI/IEEE-754 Standard for Binary <span class="hlt">Floating</span>-Point Arithmetic, the definition of IEEE-854 in PVS also formally defines much of IEEE-754. This collection of PVS theories provides a basis for machine checked verification of <span class="hlt">floating</span>-point systems. This formal definition illustrates that formal specification techniques are sufficiently advanced that is is reasonable to consider their use in the development of future standards.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5033/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5033/"><span>Hydraulic and geomorphic monitoring of experimental <span class="hlt">bridge</span> scour mitigation at selected <span class="hlt">bridges</span> in Utah, 2003-05</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kenney, Terry A.; McKinney, Tim S.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Unique <span class="hlt">bridge</span> scour mitigation designs using concrete A-Jacks were developed by the Utah Department of Transportation and installed at the Colorado River <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> at State Road 191 and the Green River <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> at State Road 19. The U.S. Geological Survey monitored stream reaches at these sites by collecting streambed-topography and <span class="hlt">water</span>-velocity data from 2003 through 2005. These data were acquired annually from a moving boat with an acoustic Doppler current profiler and a differential global positioning system. Raw unordered data were processed and readied for interpolation into organized datasets with DopplerMacros, a set of computer programs. Processed streambed topography data were geostatistically interpolated by using Ordinary Kriging, and inverse distance weighting interpolation was used in the development of the two-dimensional velocity datasets. These organized datasets of topography and velocity were developed for each survey of the two <span class="hlt">bridge</span> sites. A comparison of the riverbed topography data for each survey was done. An increase in bed elevation related to the installation of the A-Jacks scour countermeasures is evident at the Colorado River <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> at State Road 191. The three topographic datasets acquired after the installation at the Green River <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> at State Road 19 show few changes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2630294','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2630294"><span>Impact of associated injuries in the <span class="hlt">Floating</span> knee: A retrospective study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rethnam, Ulfin; Yesupalan, Rajam S; Nair, Rajagopalan</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Background <span class="hlt">Floating</span> knee injuries are usually associated with other significant injuries. Do these injuries have implications on the management of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> knee and the final outcome of patients? Our study aims to assess the implications of associated injuries in the management and final outcome of <span class="hlt">floating</span> knee. Methods 29 patients with <span class="hlt">floating</span> knees were assessed in our institution. A retrospective analysis of medical records and radiographs were done and all associated injuries were identified. The impact of associated injuries on delay in initial surgical management, delay in rehabilitation & final outcome of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> knee were assessed. Results 38 associated injuries were noted. 7 were associated with ipsilateral knee injuries. Lower limb injuries were most commonly associated with the <span class="hlt">floating</span> knee. Patients with some associated injuries had a delay in surgical management and others a delay in post-operative rehabilitation. Knee ligament and vascular injuries were associated with poor outcome. Conclusion The associated injuries were quite frequent with the <span class="hlt">floating</span> knee. Some of the associated injuries caused a delay in surgical management and post-operative rehabilitation. In assessment of the final outcome, patients with associated knee and vascular injuries had a poor prognosis. Majority of the patients with associated injuries had a good or excellent outcome. PMID:19144197</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol4-sec117-137.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol4-sec117-137.pdf"><span>46 CFR 117.137 - Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. 117.137... EQUIPMENT AND ARRANGEMENTS Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment § 117.137 Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. (a) In addition to meeting § 117.130, each life <span class="hlt">float</span> and buoyant apparatus must be...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=library&pg=2&id=EJ1113173','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=library&pg=2&id=EJ1113173"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span> Collection in an Academic Library: An Audacious Experiment That Succeeded</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Coopey, Barbara; Eshbach, Barbara; Notartomas, Trish</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Can a <span class="hlt">floating</span> collection thrive in a large multicampus academic research library? <span class="hlt">Floating</span> collections have been successful in public libraries for some time, but it is uncommon for academic libraries and unheard of for a large academic library system. This article will discuss the investigation into the feasibility of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> collection at…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol4-sec117-137.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol4-sec117-137.pdf"><span>46 CFR 117.137 - Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. 117.137... EQUIPMENT AND ARRANGEMENTS Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment § 117.137 Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. (a) In addition to meeting § 117.130, each life <span class="hlt">float</span> and buoyant apparatus must be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol4-sec117-137.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol4-sec117-137.pdf"><span>46 CFR 117.137 - Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. 117.137... EQUIPMENT AND ARRANGEMENTS Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment § 117.137 Stowage of life <span class="hlt">floats</span> and buoyant apparatus. (a) In addition to meeting § 117.130, each life <span class="hlt">float</span> and buoyant apparatus must be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title25-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title25-vol1-sec170-507.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title25-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title25-vol1-sec170-507.pdf"><span>25 CFR 170.507 - Who reviews <span class="hlt">bridge</span> inspection reports?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Who reviews <span class="hlt">bridge</span> inspection reports? 170.507 Section 170.507 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND <span class="hlt">WATER</span> INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Planning, Design, and Construction of Indian Reservation Roads Program Facilities <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770006394','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770006394"><span>Investigation of field induced trapping on <span class="hlt">floating</span> gates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gosney, W. M.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>The development of a technology for building electrically alterable read only memories (EAROMs) or reprogrammable read only memories (RPROMs) using a single level metal gate p channel MOS process with all conventional processing steps is outlined. Nonvolatile storage of data is achieved by the use of charged <span class="hlt">floating</span> gate electrodes. The <span class="hlt">floating</span> gates are charged by avalanche injection of hot electrodes through gate oxide, and discharged by avalanche injection of hot holes through gate oxide. Three extra diffusion and patterning steps are all that is required to convert a standard p channel MOS process into a nonvolatile memory process. For identification, this nonvolatile memory technology was given the descriptive acronym DIFMOS which stands for Dual Injector, <span class="hlt">Floating</span> gate MOS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20014123','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20014123"><span><span class="hlt">Floating</span>-Harbor syndrome associated with middle ear abnormalities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hendrickx, Jan-Jaap; Keymolen, Kathelijn; Desprechins, Brigitte; Casselman, Jan; Gordts, Frans</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Floating</span>-Harbor syndrome is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology, which was first described in 1973. A triad of main features characterizes <span class="hlt">Floating</span>-Harbor syndrome: short stature, characteristic face, and an expressive speech delay. We present a patient in whom the hearing thresholds improved insufficiently after placement of grommets. High-resolution CT scan of the temporal bone showed a prominent soft-tissue thickening suspected of causing fixation of the malleus, and fusion of the malleus head with the body of the incus. To our knowledge this is the first reported abnormal middle ear anatomy in a patient with <span class="hlt">Floating</span>-Harbor syndrome. A conservative treatment with hearing aids was preferred as an initial treatment in favor of a surgical exploration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol30/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol30-sec426-50.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol30/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol30-sec426-50.pdf"><span>40 CFR 426.50 - Applicability; description of the <span class="hlt">float</span> glass manufacturing subcategory.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">float</span> glass manufacturing subcategory. 426.50 Section 426.50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY <span class="hlt">Float</span> Glass Manufacturing Subcategory § 426.50 Applicability; description of the <span class="hlt">float</span> glass...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol29/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol29-sec426-50.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol29/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol29-sec426-50.pdf"><span>40 CFR 426.50 - Applicability; description of the <span class="hlt">float</span> glass manufacturing subcategory.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">float</span> glass manufacturing subcategory. 426.50 Section 426.50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY <span class="hlt">Float</span> Glass Manufacturing Subcategory § 426.50 Applicability; description of the <span class="hlt">float</span> glass...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23759434','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23759434"><span>Marine <span class="hlt">floating</span> microbial fuel cell involving aerobic biofilm on stainless steel cathodes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Erable, B; Lacroix, R; Etcheverry, L; Féron, D; Delia, M L; Bergel, A</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>Here is presented a new design of a <span class="hlt">floating</span> marine MFC in which the inter-electrode space is constant. This design allows the generation of stable current for applications in environments where the <span class="hlt">water</span> column is large or subject to fluctuations such as tidal effects. The operation of the first prototype was validated by running a continuous test campaign for 6months. Performance in terms of electricity generation was already equivalent to what is conventionally reported in the literature with basic benthic MFCs despite the identification of a large internal resistance in the proposed design of the <span class="hlt">floating</span> system. This high internal resistance is mainly explained by poor positioning of the membrane separating the anode compartment from the open seawater. The future objectives are to achieve more consistent performance and a second-generation prototype is now being developed, mainly incorporating a modification of the separator position and a stainless steel biocathode with a large bioavailable surface. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-07-19/pdf/2011-18044.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-07-19/pdf/2011-18044.pdf"><span>76 FR 42545 - Regulated Navigation Area; Chelsea Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Chelsea, MA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-19</p> <p>...-AA11 Regulated Navigation Area; Chelsea Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Chelsea, MA AGENCY: Coast Guard... and surrounding the Chelsea Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> (CSB) that crosses the Chelsea River between East Boston and... navigable <span class="hlt">waters</span> during the construction of the Chelsea Street <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>. DATES: This rule is effective in the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-07-07/pdf/2010-16263.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-07-07/pdf/2010-16263.pdf"><span>75 FR 38923 - Regulated Navigation Area: Niantic Railroad <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Niantic, CT</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-07</p> <p>...-AA11 Regulated Navigation Area: Niantic Railroad <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Niantic, CT AGENCY: Coast Guard... Niantic River Channel under and surrounding the Amtrak Railroad <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> that crosses Niantic Bay in the... on the navigable <span class="hlt">waters</span> during the construction of the Niantic Railroad <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>. DATES: This rule is...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4386796','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4386796"><span>Design and evaluation of effervescent <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets based on hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium alginate using pentoxifylline as a model drug</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rahim, Safwan Abdel; Carter, Paul A; Elkordy, Amal Ali</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this work was to design and evaluate effervescent <span class="hlt">floating</span> gastro-retentive drug delivery matrix tablets with sustained-release behavior using a binary mixture of hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium alginate. Pentoxifylline was used as a highly <span class="hlt">water</span>-soluble, short half-life model drug with a high density. The <span class="hlt">floating</span> capacity, swelling, and drug release behaviors of drug-loaded matrix tablets were evaluated in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37°C±0.5°C. Release data were analyzed by fitting the power law model of Korsmeyer–Peppas. The effect of different formulation variables was investigated, such as wet granulation, sodium bicarbonate gas-forming agent level, and tablet hardness properties. Statistical analysis was applied by paired sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance depending on the type of data to determine significant effect of different parameters. All prepared tablets through wet granulation showed acceptable physicochemical properties and their drug release profiles followed non-Fickian diffusion. They could <span class="hlt">float</span> on the surface of dissolution medium and sustain drug release over 24 hours. Tablets prepared with 20% w/w sodium bicarbonate at 50–54 N hardness were promising with respect to their <span class="hlt">floating</span> lag time, <span class="hlt">floating</span> duration, swelling ability, and sustained drug release profile. PMID:25848220</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/mi0524.photos.341078p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/mi0524.photos.341078p/"><span>EAST (CANADIAN) PORTAL OF MAIN SECTION OF <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span>, SHOWING PANEL ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>EAST (CANADIAN) PORTAL OF MAIN SECTION OF <span class="hlt">BRIDGE</span>, SHOWING PANEL OVER PIER C IN CENTER. VIEW TO WEST. - Blue <span class="hlt">Water</span> <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, Spanning St. Clair River at I-69, I-94, & Canadian Route 402, Port Huron, St. Clair County, MI</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable <span class="hlt">waters</span> of San Diego Bay, from the surface to the sea floor, within 25 yards of all piers, abutments, fenders and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable <span class="hlt">waters</span> of San Diego Bay, from the surface to the sea floor, within 25 yards of all piers, abutments, fenders and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol2-sec165-1110.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay <span class="hlt">Bridge</span>, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable <span class="hlt">waters</span> of San Diego Bay, from the surface to the sea floor, within 25 yards of all piers, abutments, fenders and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/19553','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/19553"><span>Investigation of pavement permeability : Old <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Road.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Several instances of wet pavement and pavement icing on Old <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Road were reported to VDOT's Lake Ridge Area Headquarters when no new precipitation had fallen. The pavement structure appears to hold <span class="hlt">water</span>. This <span class="hlt">water</span> seeps to the surface at a numb...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.5657Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.5657Z"><span>Seven centuries of atmospheric Pb deposition recorded in a <span class="hlt">floating</span> mire from Central Italy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zaccone, Claudio; Lobianco, Daniela; D'Orazio, Valeria; Miano, Teodoro M.; Shotyk, William</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Floating</span> mires generally consist of emergent vegetation rooted in highly organic buoyant mats that rise and fall with changes in <span class="hlt">water</span> level. Generally speaking, the entire <span class="hlt">floating</span> mass (mat) is divided into a mat root zone and an underlying mat peat zone. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> mires are distributed world-wide; large areas of <span class="hlt">floating</span> marsh occur along rivers and lakes in Africa, the Danube Delta in Romania, the Amazon River in South America, and in the Mississippi River delta in USA, whereas smaller areas occur also in The Netherlands, Australia and Canada. While peat cores from ombrotrophic bogs have been often (and successfully) used to reconstruct changes in the atmospheric deposition of several metals (including Pb), no studies are present in literature about the possibility to use peat profiles from <span class="hlt">floating</span> mires. To test the hypothesis that peat-forming <span class="hlt">floating</span> mires could provide an exceptional tool for environmental studies, a complete, 4-m deep peat profile was collected in July 2012 from the <span class="hlt">floating</span> island of Posta Fibreno, a relic mire in the Central Italy. This <span class="hlt">floating</span> island has a diameter of ca. 30 m, a submerged thickness of about 3 m, and the vegetation is organized in concentric belts, from the Carex paniculata palisade to the Sphagnum palustre centre. The whole core was frozen cut each 1-to-2 cm (n =231), and Pb determined by quadrupole ICP-MS (at the ultraclean SWAMP lab, University of Alberta, Canada) in each sample throughout the first 100 cm, and in each odd-numbered slice for the remaining 300 cm. The 14C age dating of organic sediments (silty peat) isolated from the sample at 385 cm of depth revealed that the island probably formed ca. 700 yrs ago. Lead concentration trend shows at least two main zones of interest, i.e., a clear peak (ranging from 200 to 1600 ppm) between 110-115 cm of depth, probably corresponding to early 1960's - late 1970's, and a broad band (80-160 ppm) between 295-320 cm of depth, corresponding to approximately AD 1480</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NPPP..273.1173B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NPPP..273.1173B"><span>High-Rate Capable <span class="hlt">Floating</span> Strip Micromegas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bortfeldt, Jonathan; Bender, Michael; Biebel, Otmar; Danger, Helge; Flierl, Bernhard; Hertenberger, Ralf; Lösel, Philipp; Moll, Samuel; Parodi, Katia; Rinaldi, Ilaria; Ruschke, Alexander; Zibell, André</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>We report on the optimization of discharge insensitive <span class="hlt">floating</span> strip Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GASeous) detectors, fit for use in high-energy muon spectrometers. The suitability of these detectors for particle tracking is shown in high-background environments and at very high particle fluxes up to 60 MHz/cm2. Measurement and simulation of the microscopic discharge behavior have demonstrated the excellent discharge tolerance. A <span class="hlt">floating</span> strip Micromegas with an active area of 48 cm × 50 cm with 1920 copper anode strips exhibits in 120 GeV pion beams a spatial resolution of 50 μm at detection efficiencies above 95%. Pulse height, spatial resolution and detection efficiency are homogeneous over the detector. Reconstruction of particle track inclination in a single detector plane is discussed, optimum angular resolutions below 5° are observed. Systematic deviations of this μTPC-method are fully understood. The reconstruction capabilities for minimum ionizing muons are investigated in a 6.4 cm × 6.4 cm <span class="hlt">floating</span> strip Micromegas under intense background irradiation of the whole active area with 20 MeV protons at a rate of 550 kHz. The spatial resolution for muons is not distorted by space charge effects. A 6.4 cm × 6.4 cm <span class="hlt">floating</span> strip Micromegas doublet with low material budget is investigated in highly ionizing proton and carbon ion beams at particle rates between 2 MHz and 2 GHz. Stable operation up to the highest rates is observed, spatial resolution, detection efficiencies, the multi-hit and high-rate capability are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-06/pdf/2012-8311.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-06/pdf/2012-8311.pdf"><span>77 FR 20719 - Safety Zone; Matlacha <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Matlacha Pass, Matlacha, FL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-06</p> <p>...-AA00 Safety Zone; Matlacha <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Matlacha Pass, Matlacha, FL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... <span class="hlt">waters</span> of Matlacha Pass in the vicinity of the Matlacha <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> in Matlacha, Florida. The safety zone will be enforced during construction of the Matlacha <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> from Monday, March 12, 2012 through Tuesday...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-12/pdf/2012-403.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-12/pdf/2012-403.pdf"><span>77 FR 1870 - Safety Zone; Matlacha <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Matlacha Pass, Matlacha, FL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-12</p> <p>...-AA00 Safety Zone; Matlacha <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Construction, Matlacha Pass, Matlacha, FL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... <span class="hlt">waters</span> of Matlacha Pass in the vicinity of the Matlacha <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> in Matlacha, Florida. The safety zone will be enforced during construction of the Matlacha <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> from Thursday, December 15, 2011 until Sunday...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4153/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4153/report.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">Water</span>-quality assessment of stormwater runoff from a heavily used urban highway <span class="hlt">bridge</span> in Miami, Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>McKenzie, Donald J.; Irwin, G.A.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>Runoff from a heavily-traveled, 1.43-acre <span class="hlt">bridge</span> section of Interstate-95 in Miami, Florida, was comprehensively monitored for both quality and quantity during five selected storms between November 1979 and May 1981. For most <span class="hlt">water</span>-quality parameters, 6 to 11 samples were collected during each of the 5 runoff events. Concentrations of most parameters in the runoff were quite variable both during individual storm events and among the five storm events; however, the ranges in parameter concentration were about the same magnitude report for numerous other highway and urban drainages. Data were normalized to estimate the average, discharge-weighted parameter loads per storm per acre of <span class="hlt">bridge</span> surface and results suggested that the most significant factor influencing stormwater loads was parameter concentration. Rainfall intensity and runoff volume, however, influenced rates of loading. The total number of antecedent dry days and traffic volume did not appear to be conspicously related to either runoff concentrations or loads. (USGS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..242a2059Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..242a2059Y"><span>Research and development of weathering resistant <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel of Shougang</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Yongda; Wang, Yanfeng; Huang, Leqing; Di, Guobiao; Ma, Changwen; Ma, Qingshen</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>To introduce the composition design and mechanical properties and microstructure of the weathering <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel which would be used for <span class="hlt">bridge</span> of Guanting reservoir. We adopt cyclic immersion corrosion test to study corrosion resistance difference of weathering <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel and common <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel. At the same corrosion time, the weight loss and corrosion rate of weathering <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel are lower than the common <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel's. Testing phase composition of rust layer by X-ray diffraction, two kinds of test steel's rust layer is mainly composed of Goethite and Fe3O4 and Fe2O3. At the same corrosion time, the percentage composition of goethite in rust layer of weathering <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel are significantly higher than common <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel's, the higher goethite content is, the compacter rust layer structure is. The compact rust layer would prevent the <span class="hlt">water</span> and air passing the rust layer, and then preventing the further corrosion reaction, improving the corrosion resistance performance of weathering <span class="hlt">bridge</span> steel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031991','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031991"><span>Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for monitoring <span class="hlt">bridge</span> scour</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Anderson, N.L.; Ismael, A.M.; Thitimakorn, T.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data were acquired across shallow streams and/or drainage ditches at 10 <span class="hlt">bridge</span> sites in Missouri by maneuvering the antennae across the surface of the <span class="hlt">water</span> and riverbank from the <span class="hlt">bridge</span> deck, manually or by boat. The acquired two-dimensional and three-dimensional data sets accurately image the channel bottom, demonstrating that the GPR tool can be used to estimate and/or monitor <span class="hlt">water</span> depths in shallow fluvial environments. The study results demonstrate that the GPR tool is a safe and effective tool for measuring and/or monitoring scour in proximity to <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. The technique can be used to safely monitor scour at assigned time intervals during peak flood stages, thereby enabling owners to take preventative action prior to potential failure. The GPR tool can also be used to investigate depositional and erosional patterns over time, thereby elucidating these processes on a local scale. In certain instances, in-filled scour features can also be imaged and mapped. This information may be critically important to those engaged in <span class="hlt">bridge</span> design. GPR has advantages over other tools commonly employed for monitoring <span class="hlt">bridge</span> scour (reflection seismic profiling, echo sounding, and electrical conductivity probing). The tool doesn't need to be coupled to the <span class="hlt">water</span>, can be moved rapidly across (or above) the surface of a stream, and provides an accurate depth-structure model of the channel bottom and subchannel bottom sediments. The GPR profiles can be extended across emerged sand bars or onto the shore.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1258533','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1258533"><span>Strongly Emitting Surfaces Unable to <span class="hlt">Float</span> below Plasma Potential</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Campanell, M. D.; Umansky, M. V.</p> <p>2016-02-25</p> <p>One important unresolved question in plasma physics concerns the effect of strong electron emission on plasma-surface interactions. Previous papers reported solutions with negative and positive <span class="hlt">floating</span> potentials relative to the plasma edge. For these two models a very different predictions for particle and energy balance is given. Here we show that the positive potential state is the only possible equilibrium in general. Even if a negative <span class="hlt">floating</span> potential existed at t=0, the ionization collisions near the surface will force a transition to the positive <span class="hlt">floating</span> potential state. Moreover, this transition is demonstrated with a new simulation code.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26142246','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26142246"><span>Controlled release <span class="hlt">floating</span> multiparticulates of metoprolol succinate by hot melt extrusion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Malode, Vilas N; Paradkar, Anant; Devarajan, Padma V</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>We present hot melt extrusion (HME) for the design of <span class="hlt">floating</span> multiparticulates. Metoprolol succinate was selected as the model drug. Our foremost objective was to optimize the components Eudragit(®) RS PO, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to balance both buoyancy and controlled release. Gas generated by sodium bicarbonate in acidic medium was trapped in the polymer matrix to enable <span class="hlt">floating</span>. Eudragit(®) RS PO and PEO with sodium bicarbonate resulted in multiparticulates which exhibited rapid flotation within 3 min but inadequate total <span class="hlt">floating</span> time (TFT) of 3h. Addition of HPMC to the matrix did not affect <span class="hlt">floating</span> lag time (FLT), moreover TFT increased to more than 12h with controlled release of metoprolol succinate. <span class="hlt">Floating</span> multiparticulates exhibited t50% of 5.24h and t90% of 10.12h. XRD and DSC analysis revealed crystalline state of drug while FTIR suggested nonexistence of chemical interaction between the drug and the other excipients. The assay, FLT, TFT and the drug release of the multiparticulates were unchanged when stored at 40°C/75%RH for 3 months confirming stability. We present <span class="hlt">floating</span> multiparticulates by HME which could be extrapolated to a range of other drugs. Our approach hence presents platform technology for <span class="hlt">floating</span> multiparticulates. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873681','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873681"><span>Compound <span class="hlt">floating</span> pivot micromechanisms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Garcia, Ernest J.</p> <p>2001-04-24</p> <p>A new class of tilting micromechanical mechanisms have been developed. These new mechanisms use compound <span class="hlt">floating</span> pivot structures to attain far greater tilt angles than are practical using other micromechanical techniques. The new mechanisms are also capable of bi-directional tilt about multiple axes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6595E..2VL','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6595E..2VL"><span>Health diagnosis of arch <span class="hlt">bridge</span> suspender by acoustic emission technique</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Dongsheng; Ou, Jinping</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Conventional non-destructive methods can't be dynamically monitored the suspenders' damage levels and types, so acoustic emission (AE) technique is proposed to monitor its activity. The validity signals are determined by the relationship with risetime and duration. The ambient noise is eliminated using <span class="hlt">float</span> threshold value and placing a guard sensor. The cement mortar and steel strand damage level is analyzed by AE parameter method and damage types are judged by waveform analyzing technique. Based on these methods, all the suspenders of Sichuan Ebian Dadu river arch <span class="hlt">bridge</span> have been monitored using AE techniques. The monitoring results show that AE signal amplitude, energy, counts can visually display the suspenders' damage levels, the difference of waveform and frequency range express different damage type. The testing results are well coincide with the practical situation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JCrGr.137..663K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JCrGr.137..663K"><span>Modified <span class="hlt">floating</span>-zone growth of organic single crystals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kou, S.; Chen, C. P.</p> <p>1994-04-01</p> <p>For organic materials <span class="hlt">floating</span>-zone crystal growth is superior to other melt growth processes in two significant respects: (1) the absence of crucible-induced mechanical damage and (2) minimum heating-induced chemical degradation. Due to the rather low surface tension of organic melts, however, <span class="hlt">floating</span>-zone crystal growth under normal gravity has not been possible so far but microgravity is ideal for such a purpose. With the help of a modified <span class="hlt">floating</span>-zone technique, organic single crystals of small cross-sections were test grown first under normal gravity. These small crystals were round and rectangular single crystals of benzil and salol, up to about 7 cm long and 6 mm in diameter or 9 mm × 3 mm in cross-section.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014WRR....50.4254N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014WRR....50.4254N"><span>Valuing <span class="hlt">water</span> quality in urban watersheds: A comparative analysis of Johnson Creek, Oregon, and Burnt <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Creek, Washington</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Netusil, Noelwah R.; Kincaid, Michael; Chang, Heejun</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>This study uses the hedonic price method to investigate the effect of five <span class="hlt">water</span> quality parameters on the sale price of single-family residential properties in two urbanized watersheds in the Portland, Oregon-Vancouver, Washington metropolitan area. <span class="hlt">Water</span> quality parameters include E. coli or fecal coliform, which can affect human health, decrease <span class="hlt">water</span> clarity and generate foul odors; pH, dissolved oxygen, and stream temperature, which can impact fish and wildlife populations; and total suspended solids, which can affect <span class="hlt">water</span> clarity, aquatic life, and aesthetics. Properties within ¼ mile, ½, mile, one mile, or more than one mile from Johnson Creek are estimated to experience an increase in sale price of 13.71%, 7.05%, 8.18%, and 3.12%, respectively, from a one mg/L increase in dissolved oxygen levels during the dry season (May-October). Estimates for a 100 count per 100 mL increase in E. coli during the dry season are -2.81% for properties within ¼ mile of Johnson Creek, -0.86% (½ mile), -1.19% (one mile), and -0.71% (greater than one mile). Results for properties in Burnt <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Creek include a significantly positive effect for a one mg/L increase in dissolved oxygen levels during the dry season for properties within ½ mile (4.49%), one mile (2.95%), or greater than one mile from the creek (3.17%). Results for other <span class="hlt">water</span> quality parameters in Burnt <span class="hlt">Bridge</span> Creek are generally consistent with a priori expectations. Restoration efforts underway in both study areas might be cost justified based on their estimated effect on property sale prices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6223H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6223H"><span>Programmable Off-The-Shelf cell-enabled GPS loggers optimized for retrieving after being used as a <span class="hlt">float</span> in large river experiments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hut, Rolf; Bogaard, Thom</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Throwing something in a river and seeing how fast it <span class="hlt">floats</span> downstream is the first thing that every hydrologists does when encountering a new river. Using a collection of <span class="hlt">floats</span> allows estimation of gauge surface <span class="hlt">water</span> velocity and dispersion characteristics. To use <span class="hlt">floats</span> over long (hundreds of kilometers) stretches of river requires either a crew that keeps an eye on the <span class="hlt">floats</span> (labor intensive) or having high-tech <span class="hlt">floats</span> that upload their location on regular intervals, such that they can be retrieved at the end of the experiment. GPS <span class="hlt">floats</span> with communication units have been custom build by scientists before. Connecting GPS units to GSM modems used to require deep knowledge on micro-electronics and network protocols. In this work we present a version that is build using only off-the-shelf electronics that require no deep knowledge of either micro electronics nor network protocols. The new cellular enabled Particle Electron development board made it possible to connect a Sparkfun OpenLog (SD-card based logger) to a GPS tracker with no soldering and little programming. Because scientist can program the device themselves, settings like sample time can be adapted to the needs of specific experiments and additional sensors can be easily added. When writing GPS location every minute to SD and reporting every fifteen minutes online, our logger can run for three days on a single 2200 mAh LiPo battery (provided with the Particle Electron). Cost of components for our logger is less than 150. The durability of our GPS loggers will be tested during a field campaign at the end of January 2017 where 15 <span class="hlt">floats</span> will <span class="hlt">float</span> down the Irrawaddy river over a length of more than 200 km, during two days.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JHyd..541..344A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JHyd..541..344A"><span>Modelling large <span class="hlt">floating</span> bodies in urban area flash-floods via a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Albano, Raffaele; Sole, Aurelia; Mirauda, Domenica; Adamowski, Jan</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Large debris, including vehicles parked along floodplains, can cause severe damage and significant loss of life during urban area flash-floods. In this study, the authors validated and applied the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model, developed in Amicarelli et al. (2015), which reproduces in 3D the dynamics of rigid bodies driven by free surface flows, to the design of flood mitigation measures. To validate the model, the authors compared the model's predictions to the results of an experimental setup, involving a dam breach that strikes two fixed obstacles and three transportable <span class="hlt">floating</span> bodies. Given the accuracy of the results, in terms of <span class="hlt">water</span> depth over time and the time history of the bodies' movements, the SPH model explored in this study was used to analyse the mitigation efficiency of a proposed structural intervention - the use of small barriers (groynes) to prevent the transport of <span class="hlt">floating</span> bodies. Different groynes configurations were examined to identify the most appropriate design and layout for urban area flash-flood damage mitigation. The authors found that groynes positioned upstream and downstream of each <span class="hlt">floating</span> body can be effective as a risk mitigation measure for damage resulting from their movement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2011-title47-vol5-sec80-331.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2011-title47-vol5-sec80-331.pdf"><span>47 CFR 80.331 - <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> communication procedure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> communication procedure. 80..., Alarm, Urgency and Safety Procedures § 80.331 <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> communication procedure. (a) Vessels subject to the <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-Bridge</span> Act transmitting on the designated navigational frequency must conduct...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title47-vol5-sec80-331.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title47-vol5-sec80-331.pdf"><span>47 CFR 80.331 - <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> communication procedure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> communication procedure. 80..., Alarm, Urgency and Safety Procedures § 80.331 <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-bridge</span> communication procedure. (a) Vessels subject to the <span class="hlt">Bridge-to-Bridge</span> Act transmitting on the designated navigational frequency must conduct...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol1-sec118-80.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol1-sec118-80.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol1-sec118-80.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol1-sec118-80.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol1-sec118-80.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol1-sec118-80.pdf"><span>33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable <span class="hlt">Waters</span> 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule <span class="hlt">bridges</span>. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3482770','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3482770"><span>Formulation and evaluation of <span class="hlt">floating</span> matrix tablet of stavudine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Prajapati, Pankaj H; Nakum, Vijay V; Patel, Chhagan N</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background/Aim: The purpose of the study was to prolong the gastric residence time of stavudine by designing its <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets and to study the influence of different polymers on its release rate. Materials and Methods: The <span class="hlt">floating</span> mix matrix tablets of stavudine were prepared by melt granulation method. Beeswax was used as hydrophobic meltable material. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium bicarbonate, and ethyl cellulose were used as matrixing agent, gas generating agent, and <span class="hlt">floating</span> enhancer, respectively. The prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as hardness, weight variation, friability, <span class="hlt">floating</span> properties (<span class="hlt">floating</span> lag time, total <span class="hlt">floating</span> time), drug content, stability study, and in vitro drug release. The drug- polymer interaction was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis and Fourier transform infared (FT-IR). Results: The <span class="hlt">floating</span> lag time of all the formulations was within the prescribed limit (<3 min). All the formulations showed good matrix integrity and retarded the release of drug for 12 h except the formulation F5.The concentration of beeswax (X1), HPMC K4M (X2), and ethyl cellulose (X3) were selected as independent variables and drug release values at 1 (Q1), at 6 (Q6) and at 12 h (Q12) as dependent variables. Formulation F7 was selected as an optimum formulation as it showed more similarity in dissolution profile with theoretical profile (similarity factor, f2 = 70.91). The dissolution of batch F7 can be described by zero-order kinetics (R2 =0.9936) with anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion as the release mechanism (n=0.545). There was no difference observed in release profile after temperature sensitivity study at 40°C/75% relative humidity (RH) for 1 month. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the combined mix matrix system containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer minimized the burst release of drug from the tablet and achieved a drug release by zero</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940026041','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940026041"><span>Free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> dual-arm robots for space assembly</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Agrawal, Sunil Kumar; Chen, M. Y.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Freely moving systems in space conserve linear and angular momentum. As moving systems collide, the velocities get altered due to transfer of momentum. The development of strategies for assembly in a free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> work environment requires a good understanding of primitives such as self motion of the robot, propulsion of the robot due to onboard thrusters, docking of the robot, retrieval of an object from a collection of objects, and release of an object in an object pool. The analytics of such assemblies involve not only kinematics and rigid body dynamics but also collision and impact dynamics of multibody systems. In an effort to understand such assemblies in zero gravity space environment, we are currently developing at Ohio University a free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> assembly facility with a dual-arm planar robot equipped with thrusters, a free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> material table, and a free-<span class="hlt">floating</span> assembly table. The objective is to pick up workpieces from the material table and combine them into prespecified assemblies. This paper presents analytical models of assembly primitives and strategies for overall assembly. A computer simulation of an assembly is developed using the analytical models. The experiment facility will be used to verify the theoretical predictions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23286884','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23286884"><span>Formulation and evaluation of non-effervescent <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets of losartan potassium.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Getyala, Anil; Gangadharappa, H V; Prasad, M Sarat Chandra; Reddy, M Praveen Kumar; Kumar, T M Pramod</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>The aim of the work is to modify the solubility and bioavailability of Losartan potassium, by employing noneffervescent <span class="hlt">floating</span> drug delivery (tablet dosage forms). Non-effervescent systems are a type of <span class="hlt">floating</span> drug delivery systems, that have been used to boost the gastric residence and the floatation time in the gastro intestinal tract. The study included formulation of <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablets using polymers like Chitosan and Karaya gum as matrix forming agents. Accurel(®) MP 1000 was used as <span class="hlt">floating</span> agent. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. FTIR, DSC studies conformed that there was no incompatibility between the polymer and the drug. Tablet preformulation parameters were within the Pharmacopoeial limit. Tablet showed zero lag time, contisnuance of buoyancy for >12 h. The tablet showed good in vitro release. Drug release was through swelling and abided by the gellation mechanism. In vivo X-ray studies depicted that tablets continued to <span class="hlt">float</span> in the GIT for 12 h. Accelerated stability showed that, tablets were stable for over 6 month. Thus the prepared non-effervescent <span class="hlt">floating</span> tablet of Losartan potassium can be used for the treatment of hypertension for more than 12 h with single dose administration.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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