Energy measurement using flow computers and chromatography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beeson, J.

1995-12-01

Arkla Pipeline Group (APG), along with most transmission companies, went to electronic flow measurement (EFM) to: (1) Increase resolution and accuracy; (2) Real time correction of flow variables; (3) Increase speed in data retrieval; (4) Reduce capital expenditures; and (5) Reduce operation and maintenance expenditures Prior to EFM, mechanical seven day charts were used which yielded 800 pressure and differential pressure readings. EFM yields 1.2-million readings, a 1500 time improvement in resolution and additional flow representation. The total system accuracy of the EFM system is 0.25 % compared with 2 % for the chart system which gives APG improved accuracy.more » A typical APG electronic measurement system includes a microprocessor-based flow computer, a telemetry communications package, and a gas chromatograph. Live relative density (specific gravity), BTU, CO{sub 2}, and N{sub 2} are updated from the chromatograph to the flow computer every six minutes which provides accurate MMBTU computations. Because the gas contract length has changed from years to monthly and from a majority of direct sales to transports both Arkla and its customers wanted access to actual volumes on a much more timely basis than is allowed with charts. The new electronic system allows volumes and other system data to be retrieved continuously, if EFM is on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or daily if on dial up telephone. Previously because of chart integration, information was not available for four to six weeks. EFM costs much less than the combined costs of telemetry transmitters, pressure and differential pressure chart recorders, and temperature chart recorder which it replaces. APG will install this equipment on smaller volume stations at a customers expense. APG requires backup measurement on metering facilities this size. It could be another APG flow computer or chart recorder, or the other companies flow computer or chart recorder.« less

Diagnosis diagrams for passing signals on an automatic block signaling railway section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spunei, E.; Piroi, I.; Chioncel, C. P.; Piroi, F.

2018-01-01

This work presents a diagnosis method for railway traffic security installations. More specifically, the authors present a series of diagnosis charts for passing signals on a railway block equipped with an automatic block signaling installation. These charts are based on the exploitation electric schemes, and are subsequently used to develop a diagnosis software package. The thus developed software package contributes substantially to a reduction of failure detection and remedy for these types of installation faults. The use of the software package eliminates making wrong decisions in the fault detection process, decisions that may result in longer remedy times and, sometimes, to railway traffic events.

The influence of graphic display format on the interpretations of quantitative risk information among adults with lower education and literacy: a randomized experimental study.

PubMed

McCaffery, Kirsten J; Dixon, Ann; Hayen, Andrew; Jansen, Jesse; Smith, Sian; Simpson, Judy M

2012-01-01

To test optimal graphic risk communication formats for presenting small probabilities using graphics with a denominator of 1000 to adults with lower education and literacy. A randomized experimental study, which took place in adult basic education classes in Sydney, Australia. The participants were 120 adults with lower education and literacy. An experimental computer-based manipulation compared 1) pictographs in 2 forms, shaded "blocks" and unshaded "dots"; and 2) bar charts across different orientations (horizontal/vertical) and numerator size (small <100, medium 100-499, large 500-999). Accuracy (size of error) and ease of processing (reaction time) were assessed on a gist task (estimating the larger chance of survival) and a verbatim task (estimating the size of difference). Preferences for different graph types were also assessed. Accuracy on the gist task was very high across all conditions (>95%) and not tested further. For the verbatim task, optimal graph type depended on the numerator size. For small numerators, pictographs resulted in fewer errors than bar charts (blocks: odds ratio [OR] = 0.047, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.023-0.098; dots: OR = 0.049, 95% CI = 0.024-0.099). For medium and large numerators, bar charts were more accurate (e.g., medium dots: OR = 4.29, 95% CI = 2.9-6.35). Pictographs were generally processed faster for small numerators (e.g., blocks: 14.9 seconds v. bars: 16.2 seconds) and bar charts for medium or large numerators (e.g., large blocks: 41.6 seconds v. 26.7 seconds). Vertical formats were processed slightly faster than horizontal graphs with no difference in accuracy. Most participants preferred bar charts (64%); however, there was no relationship with performance. For adults with low education and literacy, pictographs are likely to be the best format to use when displaying small numerators (<100/1000) and bar charts for larger numerators (>100/1000).

OAP- OFFICE AUTOMATION PILOT GRAPHICS DATABASE SYSTEM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ackerson, T.

1994-01-01

The Office Automation Pilot (OAP) Graphics Database system offers the IBM PC user assistance in producing a wide variety of graphs and charts. OAP uses a convenient database system, called a chartbase, for creating and maintaining data associated with the charts, and twelve different graphics packages are available to the OAP user. Each of the graphics capabilities is accessed in a similar manner. The user chooses creation, revision, or chartbase/slide show maintenance options from an initial menu. The user may then enter or modify data displayed on a graphic chart. The cursor moves through the chart in a "circular" fashion to facilitate data entries and changes. Various "help" functions and on-screen instructions are available to aid the user. The user data is used to generate the graphics portion of the chart. Completed charts may be displayed in monotone or color, printed, plotted, or stored in the chartbase on the IBM PC. Once completed, the charts may be put in a vector format and plotted for color viewgraphs. The twelve graphics capabilities are divided into three groups: Forms, Structured Charts, and Block Diagrams. There are eight Forms available: 1) Bar/Line Charts, 2) Pie Charts, 3) Milestone Charts, 4) Resources Charts, 5) Earned Value Analysis Charts, 6) Progress/Effort Charts, 7) Travel/Training Charts, and 8) Trend Analysis Charts. There are three Structured Charts available: 1) Bullet Charts, 2) Organization Charts, and 3) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Charts. The Block Diagram available is an N x N Chart. Each graphics capability supports a chartbase. The OAP graphics database system provides the IBM PC user with an effective means of managing data which is best interpreted as a graphic display. The OAP graphics database system is written in IBM PASCAL 2.0 and assembler for interactive execution on an IBM PC or XT with at least 384K of memory, and a color graphics adapter and monitor. Printed charts require an Epson, IBM, OKIDATA, or HP Laser printer (or equivalent). Plots require the Tektronix 4662 Penplotter. Source code is supplied to the user for modification and customizing. Executables are also supplied for all twelve graphics capabilities. This system was developed in 1983, and Version 3.1 was released in 1986.

A novel diagram and complement to the CONSORT chart for presenting multimodal clinical trials.

PubMed

Schuller, Jan C; Mayer, Michael; Lanz, Doris; Schmitz, Shu-Fang Hsu; Brauchli, Peter; Leupin, Nicolas

2009-05-01

We developed a novel diagram to depict patient flow and outcomes in clinical trials. In contrast to flow diagrams such as the CONSORT chart, our diagram enables individual patient histories to be traced and depicts important patterns of treatment administration and outcomes, such as response and adverse events. Also, it is particularly useful for multimodal treatments or a sequence of different therapies where the CONSORT flow chart is less informative and can be confusing.

Experimenting With Ore: Creating the Taconite Process; flow chart of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Experimenting With Ore: Creating the Taconite Process; flow chart of process - Mines Experiment Station, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, 56 East River Road, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, MN

Programming for energy monitoring/display system in multicolor lidar system research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alvarado, R. C., Jr.; Allen, R. J.

1982-01-01

The Z80 microprocessor based computer program that directs and controls the operation of the six channel energy monitoring/display system that is a part of the NASA Multipurpose Airborne Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system is described. The program is written in the Z80 assembly language and is located on EPROM memories. All source and assembled listings of the main program, five subroutines, and two service routines along with flow charts and memory maps are included. A combinational block diagram shows the interfacing (including port addresses) between the six power sensors, displays, front panel controls, the main general purpose minicomputer, and this dedicated microcomputer system.

[Prospective comparison of the flow chart for laboratory investigations for anaemia from the Dutch College of General Practitioners' guideline 'Anaemia' with a self-developed, substantive and logistical alternative flow chart].

PubMed

Oosterhuis, W P; van der Horst, M; van Dongen, K; Ulenkate, H J L M; Volmer, M; Wulkan, R W

2007-10-20

To compare the flow diagram for the diagnosis of anaemia from the guideline 'Anaemia' from the Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG) with a substantive and logistical alternative protocol. Prospective. For evaluation of anaemia, 124 patients from primary care reported to the laboratories of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Tilburg (n = 94) and the Scheper Hospital in Emmen (n = 30), the Netherlands. Two flow charts were used: the NHG's flow chart and a self-developed chart in which not mean corpuscular volume, but ferritin concentration occupies the central position. All the laboratory tests mentioned in both flow charts were carried out in every patient with, for practical reasons, the exception of Hgb electrophoresis and bone marrow investigations. General practitioners were approached and patient dossiers were consulted to obtain further clinical data. According to the NHG protocol, on the grounds of the laboratory investigations, 64 (52%) of patients could not be put in a specific category. The majority were patients with normocytary anaemia who did not fulfil the criteria for iron deficiency anaemia or the anaemia of chronic disease. According to the alternative chart, in 36 (29%) patients no diagnosis was made. These were patients in whom no abnormal laboratory findings were observed, other than low haemoglobin values. The majority of the patients had normocytary anaemia, in some cases this was interpreted as the anaemia of chronic disease, but more often the anaemia could not be assigned to a particular category. A large number ofpatients had a raised creatinine value. This value did not appear in the NHG protocol. In 15% of patients, more than one cause for anaemia was found. The NHG protocol did not enable these multiple diagnoses to be made. Accordingly, the NHG protocol was difficult to implement in the laboratory. Using the NHG flow diagram a large percentage of patients could not be assigned to a particular category. Using the alternative flow diagram, which procedure is easier to carry out in the laboratory, it was possible to make multiple diagnoses.

23 CFR Appendix D to Subpart D of... - Equal Opportunity Compliance Review Process Flow Chart

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Equal Opportunity Compliance Review Process Flow Chart D Appendix D to Subpart D of Part 230 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION..., Subpt. D, App. D Appendix D to Subpart D of Part 230—Equal Opportunity Compliance Review Process Flow...

Unstop the Logjams in Your Cash Flow.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Everett, R. E.

1989-01-01

A cash flow analysis is charting expenditures and revenues against a factor of time. Explains how school systems can, by charting the congruency of revenues and expenditures carefully, develop an investment program to take maximum advantage of a positive cash position. (MLF)

Digital autopilots: Design considerations and simulator evaluations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Osder, S.; Neuman, F.; Foster, J.

1971-01-01

The development of a digital autopilot program for a transport aircraft and the evaluation of that system's performance on a transport aircraft simulator is discussed. The digital autopilot includes three axis attitude stabilization, automatic throttle control and flight path guidance functions with emphasis on the mode progression from descent into the terminal area through automatic landing. The study effort involved a sequence of tasks starting with the definition of detailed system block diagrams of control laws followed by a flow charting and programming phase and concluding with performance verification using the transport aircraft simulation. The autopilot control laws were programmed in FORTRAN 4 in order to isolate the design process from requirements peculiar to an individual computer.

The stability cycle—A universal pathway for the stability of films over topography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schörner, Mario; Aksel, Nuri

2018-01-01

In the present study on the linear stability of gravity-driven Newtonian films flowing over inclined topographies, we consider a fundamental question: Is there a universal principle, being valid to describe the parametric evolution of the flow's stability chart for variations of different system parameters? For this sake, we first screened all experimental and numerical stability charts available in the literature. In a second step, we performed experiments to fill the gaps which remained. Variations of the fluid's viscosity and the topography's specific shape, amplitude, wavelength, tip width, and inclination were considered. That way, we identified a set of six characteristic patterns of stability charts to be sufficient to describe and unify all results on the linear stability of Newtonian films flowing over undulated inclines. We unveiled a universal pathway—the stability cycle—along which the linear stability charts of all considered Newtonian films flowing down periodically corrugated inclines evolved when the system parameters were changed.

AMPS data management requirements study, appendix 1. [user manuals (computer programs)/display devices - computerized simulation/experimentation/ionosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Flow charts and display formats for the simulation of five experiments are given. The experiments are: (1) electromagnetic wave transmission; (2) passive observations of ambient plasma; (3) ionospheric measurements with subsatellite; (4) electron accelerator beam measurements; and (5) measurement of acoustical gravity waves in the sodium layer using lasers. A detailed explanation of the simulation procedure, definition of variables, and an explanation of how the experimenter makes display choices is also presented. A functional description is included on each flow chart and the assumptions and definitions of terms and scope of the flow charts and displays are presented.

Design and performance of a large vocabulary discrete word recognition system. Volume 2: Appendixes. [flow charts and users manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The users manual for the word recognition computer program contains flow charts of the logical diagram, the memory map for templates, the speech analyzer card arrangement, minicomputer input/output routines, and assembly language program listings.

Honors: Getting Started.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Etheridge, Sandra Y.

This paper provides a description of the development of an honors program at Gulf Coast Community College (GCCC). The description is organized around three flow charts corresponding to different stages in the program's development, and which are followed by more detailed explanations. The first flow chart deals with program planning and…

Flow Chart for Mineral Separation from Granitic Rocks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mursky, Gregory

1987-01-01

Provided is a flow chart for the separation and purification of major, minor, and accessory minerals from granitic rocks. With careful use of heavy liquids, and a Franz Isodynamic Magnetic Separator, it is possible to obtain mineral concentrates with a purity of 95 percent or better. (Author/RH)

SeaWiFS Science Algorithm Flow Chart

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Darzi, Michael

1998-01-01

This flow chart describes the baseline science algorithms for the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Data Processing System (SDPS). As such, it includes only processing steps used in the generation of the operational products that are archived by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). It is meant to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the scientific algorithm steps applied to SeaWiFS data. It does not include non-science steps, such as format conversions, and places the greatest emphasis on the geophysical calculations of the level-2 processing. Finally, the flow chart reflects the logic sequences and the conditional tests of the software so that it may be used to evaluate the fidelity of the implementation of the scientific algorithm. In many cases however, the chart may deviate from the details of the software implementation so as to simplify the presentation.

Flow Charts for Determining Your Requirements: Nine Metal Fabrication and Finishing Source Categories Area Sources National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) Subpart XXXXXX

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains a July 2008 document that has flow charts to help determine if this National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) rule for Nine metal Fabrication and Finishing Area Source Categories applies to your facility.

Problem Solving in a Middle School Robotics Design Classroom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Norton, Stephen J.; McRobbie, Campbell J.; Ginns, Ian S.

2007-07-01

Little research has been conducted on how students work when they are required to plan, build and evaluate artefacts in technology rich learning environments such as those supported by tools including flow charts, Labview programming and Lego construction. In this study, activity theory was used as an analytic tool to examine the social construction of meaning. There was a focus on the effect of teachers’ goals and the rules they enacted upon student use of the flow chart planning tool, and the tools of the programming language Labview and Lego construction. It was found that the articulation of a teacher’s goals via rules and divisions of labour helped to form distinct communities of learning and influenced the development of different problem solving strategies. The use of the planning tool flow charting was associated with continuity of approach, integration of problem solutions including appreciation of the nexus between construction and programming, and greater educational transformation. Students who flow charted defined problems in a more holistic way and demonstrated more methodical, insightful and integrated approaches to their use of tools. The findings have implications for teaching in design dominated learning environments.

HAL/SM language specification. [programming languages and computer programming for space shuttles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, G. P. W., Jr.; Ross, C.

1975-01-01

A programming language is presented for the flight software of the NASA Space Shuttle program. It is intended to satisfy virtually all of the flight software requirements of the space shuttle. To achieve this, it incorporates a wide range of features, including applications-oriented data types and organizations, real time control mechanisms, and constructs for systems programming tasks. It is a higher order language designed to allow programmers, analysts, and engineers to communicate with the computer in a form approximating natural mathematical expression. Parts of the English language are combined with standard notation to provide a tool that readily encourages programming without demanding computer hardware expertise. Block diagrams and flow charts are included. The semantics of the language is discussed.

Evaluation of a diagnostic flow chart applying medical thoracoscopy, adenosine deaminase and T-SPOT.TB in diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.

PubMed

He, Y; Zhang, W; Huang, T; Wang, X; Wang, M

2015-10-01

To evaluate a diagnostic flow chart applying medical thoracoscoy (MT), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and T-SPOT.TB in diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) at a high TB burden country. 136 patients with pleural effusion (PE) were enrolled and divided into TPE and Non-TPE group. MT (histology), PE ADA and T-SPOT.TB were conducted on all patients. ROC analysis was performed for the best cut-off value of PE ADA in detection of TPE. The diagnostic flow chart applying MT, ADA and T-SPOT.TB was evaluated for improving the limitations of each diagnostic method. ROC analysis showed that the best cut-off value of PE ADA was 30U/L. The sensitivity and specificity of these tests were calculated respectively to be: 71.4% (58.5%-81.6%) and 100% (95.4-100.0%) for MT, 92.9% (83.0-97.2%) and 68.8% (57.9-77.9%) for T-SPOT.TB, and 80.0% (69.6-88.1%) and 92.9% (82.7-98.0%) for PE ADA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the diagnostic flow chart were 96.4% (87.9-99.0%), 96.3% (89.6-98.7%), 25.714, 0.037, 97.4 and 94.9, respectively. The diagnostic flow chart applying MT, ADA and T-SPOT.TB is an accurate and rapid diagnostic method in detection of TPE.

Use of Audible and Chart-recorded Ultrasonography to Monitor Fetal Heart Rate and Uterine Blood Flow Parameters in Cattle

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of audible chart-recorded doppler ultrasonography (DUS) to monitor both uterine blood flow and fetal heart rate (FHR) during pregnancy in dairy cattle. Possible applications of DUS include the monitoring of fetal distress when a pregnancy be...

Using Statistical Process Control to Make Data-Based Clinical Decisions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pfadt, Al; Wheeler, Donald J.

1995-01-01

Statistical process control (SPC), which employs simple statistical tools and problem-solving techniques such as histograms, control charts, flow charts, and Pareto charts to implement continual product improvement procedures, can be incorporated into human service organizations. Examples illustrate use of SPC procedures to analyze behavioral data…

A Quantitative Methodology for Determining the Critical Benchmarks for Project 2061 Strand Maps

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuhn, G.

2008-01-01

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) was tasked with identifying the key science concepts for science literacy in K-12 students in America (AAAS, 1990, 1993). The AAAS Atlas of Science Literacy (2001) has organized roughly half of these science concepts or benchmarks into fifty flow charts. Each flow chart or strand map…

Tularosa Basin Play Fairway Analysis: Methodology Flow Charts

DOE Data Explorer

Adam Brandt

2015-11-15

These images show the comprehensive methodology used for creation of a Play Fairway Analysis to explore the geothermal resource potential of the Tularosa Basin, New Mexico. The deterministic methodology was originated by the petroleum industry, but was custom-modified to function as a knowledge-based geothermal exploration tool. The stochastic PFA flow chart uses weights of evidence, and is data-driven.

9. Photocopy of command flow chart of NIKE Battalion, Headquarters ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of command flow chart of NIKE Battalion, Headquarters Battery and Missile Battery from Procedures and Drills for NIKE Ajax System, Department of the Army Field Manual, FM-44-80 from Institute for Military History, Carlisle Barracks, Carlisle, PA 1956 - NIKE Missile Battery PR-79, East Windsor Road south of State Route 101, Foster, Providence County, RI

Computer assisted uroflowmetry diagnostic system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makal, Jarosław; Idźkowski, Adam; Walendziuk, Wojciech

2006-10-01

In this paper an original uroflowmeter (called Adalbertus) has been presented. The device draws the flow chart and measures the parameters of urine flow. It is used in urological surgeries as an assistance in diagnosis of lower urinary track diseases like Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The measuring track and its main part - weight sensor have been described. Also the way of uncertainty calculation is mentioned. An example flow chart has been shown and the achieved results have been compared with a commercial product.

Truck circuits diagnosis for railway lines equipped with an automatic block signalling system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spunei, E.; Piroi, I.; Muscai, C.; Răduca, E.; Piroi, F.

2018-01-01

This work presents a diagnosis method for detecting track circuits failures on a railway traffic line equipped with an Automatic Block Signalling installation. The diagnosis method uses the installation’s electrical schemas, based on which a series of diagnosis charts have been created. Further, the diagnosis charts were used to develop a software package, CDCBla, which substantially contributes to reducing the diagnosis time and human error during failure remedies. The proposed method can also be used as a training package for the maintenance staff. Since the diagnosis method here does not need signal or measurement inputs, using it does not necessitate additional IT knowledge and can be deployed on a mobile computing device (tablet, smart phone).

Plumbing Specialist II & III, 3-22. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

These military-developed curriculum materials consist of a course description, course chart, plan of instruction, lesson plans, study guides, and workbooks for use in training plumbing specialists II and III. Covered in the course blocks are building waste systems and exterior and interior supply systems. Course block II, on building waste…

Plumbing Specialist IV & V, 3-23. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

These military-developed curriculum materials consist of a course description, course chart, plan of instruction, lesson plans, study guides, and workbooks for use in training plumbing specialists IV and V. Covered in the course blocks are fixtures and appurtenances and utility equipment. Block IV on fixtures and appurtenances deals with…

Recording dew gage

Treesearch

Merle G. Lloyd

1963-01-01

The instrument developed by Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station to record duration and amount of dew (fig. 1) consists of an expanded polystyrene block mounted on a balance, a clock-driven drum, and a pen geared from the balance to the drum. Changes in weight of the expanded polystyrene block as dew or rain is deposited are recorded on a chart mounted on...

Development of a weight/sizing design synthesis computer program. Volume 2: Program Description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrison, J. M.

1973-01-01

The program for the computerized analysis of weight estimation relationships for those elements of the space shuttle vehicle which contribute a significant portion of the inert weight is discussed. A listing of each module and subroutine of the program is presented. Included are a generalized flow chart describing the subroutine linkage of the complete program and detailed flow charts for each subprogram.

Application of machine learning and expert systems to Statistical Process Control (SPC) chart interpretation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shewhart, Mark

1991-01-01

Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts are one of several tools used in quality control. Other tools include flow charts, histograms, cause and effect diagrams, check sheets, Pareto diagrams, graphs, and scatter diagrams. A control chart is simply a graph which indicates process variation over time. The purpose of drawing a control chart is to detect any changes in the process signalled by abnormal points or patterns on the graph. The Artificial Intelligence Support Center (AISC) of the Acquisition Logistics Division has developed a hybrid machine learning expert system prototype which automates the process of constructing and interpreting control charts.

CAN YOU MAKE A PICTURE TO SUGGEST, A MANUAL OF IDEAS AND MATERIALS FOR A CONTEMPORARY CLASSROOM MATH RESEARCH CENTER.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BUCKS COUNTY SCHOOL STUDY COUNCIL

A MATH RESEARCH CENTER MAY BE SET UP IN A CORNER OF A ROOM, PERFERABLY WITH A CHALK BOARD. CHILDREN ARE ABLE TO CREATE MANY OF THE GAMES, CHARTS AND STORIES TO BE USED IN SUCH A CENTER. THE CENTER MAY BE SUPPLEMENTED WITH BOOKS, GAMES, BLOCKS, POPPIT BEADS, COUNTERS, CHECKERS, AND NUMBER LINE CHARTS. ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO A WIDE VARIETY OF…

Transversus abdominis plane block in renal allotransplant recipients: A retrospective chart review.

PubMed

Gopwani, S R; Rosenblatt, M A

2016-01-01

The efficacy of the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block appears to vary considerably, depending on the surgical procedure and block technique. This study aims to add to the existing literature and provide a more clear understanding of the TAP blocks role as a postoperative analgesic technique, specifically in renal allotransplant recipients. A retrospective chart review was conducted by querying the intraoperative electronic medical record system of a 1200-bed tertiary academic hospital over a 5 months period, and reviewing anesthetic techniques, as well as postoperative morphine equivalent consumption. Fifty renal allotransplant recipients were identified, 13 of whom received TAP blocks while 37 received no regional analgesic technique. All blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance, with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine injected in the transversus abdominis fascial plane under direct visualization. The primary outcome was postoperative morphine equivalent consumption. Morphine consumption was compared with the two-tailed Mann-Whitney U -test. Continuous variables of patient baseline characteristics were analyzed with unpaired t -test and categorical variables with Fischer Exact Test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A statistically significant decrease in cumulative morphine consumption was found in the group that received the TAP block at 6 h (2.46 mg vs. 7.27 mg, P = 0.0010), 12 h (3.88 mg vs. 10.20 mg, P = 0.0005), 24 h (6.96 mg vs. 14.75 mg, P = 0.0013), and 48 h (11 mg vs. 20.13 mg, P = 0.0092). The TAP block is a beneficial postoperative analgesic, opiate-sparing technique in renal allotransplant recipients.

Analyzing Vehicle Operator Deviations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

Organization Report No. Scarborough A, Bailey L, Pounds J 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. ( TRAIS ) FAA Civil...Investigation Reporting Form Instructions Use the accompanying flow charts (D4-D14) and Data Reporting Form (D15-D18) to document the results of the...happened, use the Entry Level Flow Chart (D3) to identify the relevant mental processes that were involved in the VOD. For each mental process identified

System Study at SUNY College Bookstore/Oswego

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeVita, Richard; And Others

1975-01-01

A system study of the textbook ordering department is presented including systems flow chart, chart of activities, and description of operations and procedures for utilizing the computer system. Changes based on the study are noted. (JT)

Performance Charts for the Turbojet Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinkel, Benjamin; Karp, Irving M.

1947-01-01

Charts are presented for computing the thrust, fuel consumption, and other performance values of a turbojet engine for any given set of operating conditions and component efficiencies. The effects of the pressure losses in the inlet duct and combustion chamber, the variation in the physical properties of the gas as it passes through the cycle, and the change in mass flow by the addition of fuel are included. The principle performance charts show the effects of the primary variables and correction charts provide the effects of the secondary variables.

Toward a New Brewing Control Chart for the 21st Century.

PubMed

Melrose, John; Roman-Corrochano, Borja; Montoya-Guerra, Marcela; Bakalis, Serafim

2018-04-23

This paper describes new results from a base model of brewing from a bed of packed coffee grains. The model solves for the diffusion of soluble species out of a distribution of particles into the flow through the bed pore space. It requires a limited set of input parameters. It gives a simple picture of the basic physics of coffee brewing and sets out a set of reduced variables for this process. The importance of bed extraction efficiency is elucidated. A coffee brewing control chart has been widely used to describe the region of ideal coffee brewing for some 50 years. A new chart is needed, however, one that connects actual brewing conditions (weight, flow rate, brew time, grind, etc.) to the yield and strength of brews. The paper shows a new approach to brewing control charts, including brew time and bed extraction efficiency as control parameters. Using the base model, an example chart will be given for a particular grind ratio of coarse to fine particles, and an "espresso regime" will be picked out. From such a chart yield, volume and strength of a brew can be read off at will.

Evaluating appropriate red blood cell transfusions: a quality audit at 10 Ontario hospitals to determine the optimal measure for assessing appropriateness.

PubMed

Spradbrow, Jordan; Cohen, Robert; Lin, Yulia; Armali, Chantal; Collins, Allison; Cserti-Gazdewich, Christine; Lieberman, Lani; Pavenski, Katerina; Pendergrast, Jacob; Webert, Kathryn; Callum, Jeannie

2016-10-01

Evaluating the appropriateness of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requires labor-intensive medical chart audits and expert adjudication. We sought to determine the appropriateness of RBC transfusions at 10 hospitals using retrospective chart review and to determine whether simple metrics (proportion of single-unit transfusions, RBCs/100 acute inpatient days, proportion of transfusions with pretransfusion hemoglobin <80 g/L or posttransfusion hemoglobin <90 g/L) could be used as surrogate markers of appropriateness by comparing their values with the results from the audit. An initial block of 30 RBC units was dually adjudicated for appropriateness followed by additional blocks of 10 units until the difference between the cumulative percentage of appropriate RBC units in the preceding block and final block was <3%. Pearson correlation tests were used to evaluate associations between the metrics and percentages of appropriate transfusions per hospital. Two-by-two tables were used to assess the utility of the metrics to classify transfusions for appropriateness. Of the 498 units audited, 78% were adjudicated as appropriate (κ = 0.9603), with significant variability between institutions (p < 0.0001). Fifty audits or less were required at nine of the institutions. The values of the metrics were not found to have significant correlations with appropriateness, and the metric that misclassified the smallest proportion of transfusions for appropriateness was pretransfusion hemoglobin <80 g/L, at 24%. Our findings suggest that a chart audit of 50 RBC transfusions with adjudication using robust criteria is the optimal means of evaluating RBC transfusion appropriateness at an institution for benchmarking and quality-improvement initiatives. © 2016 AABB.

An Approach for Implementing a Microcomputer Based Report Origination System in the Ada Programming Language

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

Decision Tree -------------------- 62 4-E. PACKAGE unitrep Action/Area Selection flow Chart 82 4-7. PACKAGE unitrep Control Flow Chart...the originetor wculd manually draft simple, readable, formatted iressages using "-i predef.ined forms and decision logic trees . This alternative was...Study Analysis DATA CCNTENT ERRORS PERCENT OF ERRORS Character Type 2.1 Calcvlations/Associations 14.3 Message Identification 4.? Value Pisiratch 22.E

A Thermodynamic Study of the Turbojet Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinkel, Benjamin; Karp, Irvin M

1947-01-01

Charts are presented for computing thrust, fuel consumption, and other performance values of a turbojet engine for any given set of operating conditions and component efficiencies. The effects of pressure losses in the inlet duct and the combustion chamber, of variation in physical properties of the gas as it passes through the system, of reheating of the gas due to turbine losses, and of change in mass flow by the addition of fuel are included. The principle performance chart shows the effects of primary variables and correction charts provide the effects of secondary variables and of turbine-loss reheat on the performance of the system. The influence of characteristics of a given compressor and turbine on performance of a turbojet engine containing a matched set of these given components is discussed for cases of an engine with a centrifugal-flow compressor and of an engine with an axial-flow compressor.

Program and charts for determining shock tube, and expansion tunnel flow quantities for real air

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1975-01-01

A computer program in FORTRAN 4 language was written to determine shock tube, expansion tube, and expansion tunnel flow quantities for real-air test gas. This program permits, as input data, a number of possible combinations of flow quantities generally measured during a test. The versatility of the program is enhanced by the inclusion of such effects as a standing or totally reflected shock at the secondary diaphragm, thermochemical-equilibrium flow expansion and frozen flow expansion for the expansion tube and expansion tunnel, attenuation of the flow in traversing the acceleration section of the expansion tube, real air as the acceleration gas, and the effect of wall boundary layer on the acceleration section air flow. Charts which provide a rapid estimation of expansion tube performance prior to a test are included.

Performance Charts for a Turbojet System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karp, Irving M.

1947-01-01

Convenient charts are presented for computing the thrust, fuel consumption, and other performance values of a turbojet system. These charts take into account the effects of ram pressure, compressor pressure ratio, ratio of combustion-chamber-outlet temperature to atmospheric temperature, compressor efficiency, turbine efficiency, combustion efficiency, discharge-nozzle coefficient, losses in total pressure in the inlet to the jet-propulsion unit and in the combustion chamber, and variation in specific heats with temperature. The principal performance charts show clearly the effects of the primary variables and correction charts provide the effects of the secondary variables. The performance of illustrative cases of turbojet systems is given. It is shown that maximum thrust per unit mass rate of air flow occurs at a lower compressor pressure ratio than minimum specific fuel consumption. The thrust per unit mass rate of air flow increases as the combustion-chamber discharge temperature increases. For minimum specific fuel consumption, however, an optimum combustion-chamber discharge temperature exists, which in some cases may be less than the limiting temperature imposed by the strength temperature characteristics of present materials.

Coding and Flow Charting as Applied to UICSM Programed Texts (1962-1963 Versions). Comparative Studies of Principles for Programming Mathematics in Automated Instruction. Technical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stolurow, Lawrence M.; And Others

Coding systems need to be developed to account for computer decisions on every frame of a self-instructional program. In flow charts of the UICSM high school math programed series, each frame or page is represented by a diagramatic convention: diamond if a mainline frame, a rectangle if a quiz frame, a bottom-heavy trapezoid if a review or…

The study of insect blood-feeding behaviour. 2. Recording techniques and the use of flow charts.

PubMed

Smith, J J; Friend, W G

1987-01-01

This paper continues a discussion of approaches and methodologies we have used in our studies of feeding in haematophagous insects. Described are techniques for directly monitoring behaviour: electrical recording of feeding behaviour via resistance changes in the food canal, optical methods for monitoring mouthpart activity, and a computer technique for behavioural event recording. Also described is the use of "flow charts" or "decision diagrams" to model interrelated sequences of behaviours.

Evaluation of Shiryaev-Roberts procedure for on-line environmental radiation monitoring.

PubMed

Watson, Mara M; Seliman, Ayman F; Bliznyuk, Valery N; DeVol, Timothy A

2018-04-30

Water can become contaminated as a result of a leak from a nuclear facility, such as a waste facility, or from clandestine nuclear activity. Low-level on-line radiation monitoring is needed to detect these events in real time. A Bayesian control chart method, Shiryaev-Roberts (SR) procedure, was compared with classical methods, 3-σ and cumulative sum (CUSUM), for quantifying an accumulating signal from an extractive scintillating resin flow-cell detection system. Solutions containing 0.10-5.0 Bq/L of 99 Tc, as T99cO 4 - were pumped through a flow cell packed with extractive scintillating resin used in conjunction with a Beta-RAM Model 5 HPLC detector. While T99cO 4 - accumulated on the resin, time series data were collected. Control chart methods were applied to the data using statistical algorithms developed in MATLAB. SR charts were constructed using Poisson (Poisson SR) and Gaussian (Gaussian SR) probability distributions of count data to estimate the likelihood ratio. Poisson and Gaussian SR charts required less volume of radioactive solution at a fixed concentration to exceed the control limit in most cases than 3-σ and CUSUM control charts, particularly solutions with lower activity. SR is thus the ideal control chart for low-level on-line radiation monitoring. Once the control limit was exceeded, activity concentrations were estimated from the SR control chart using the control chart slope on a semi-logarithmic plot. A linear regression fit was applied to averaged slope data for five activity concentration groupings for Poisson and Gaussian SR control charts. A correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.77 for Poisson SR and 0.90 for Gaussian SR suggest this method will adequately estimate activity concentration for an unknown solution. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Charting a Course for Change: Acquisition Theory and Practice for a Transforming Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-30

for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14 . ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION...a = ^Åèìáëáíáçå=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= do^ar^qb=p`elli=lc=_rpfkbpp=C=mr_if`=mlif`v= = = - 5 - k^s^i=mlpqdo^ar^qb=p`elli= block one, a block two, a block three...3) the changing nature of warfare and its associated technology; 4) new acquisition practices; 5 ) globalization’s impact (including inter-national

Visualizing human communication in business process simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groehn, Matti; Jalkanen, Janne; Haho, Paeivi; Nieminen, Marko; Smeds, Riitta

1999-03-01

In this paper a description of business process simulation is given. Crucial part in the simulation of business processes is the analysis of social contacts between the participants. We will introduce a tool to collect log data and how this log data can be effectively analyzed using two different kind of methods: discussion flow charts and self-organizing maps. Discussion flow charts revealed the communication patterns and self-organizing maps are a very effective way of clustering the participants into development groups.

THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NON-SPECIFIC PARAESTHESIA ABOUT THE WRIST OR HAND USING A FLOW CHART

PubMed Central

Reggars, John W.

1993-01-01

A common clinical presentation in the Chiropractor's office is that of vague and unilateral paraesthesia of the wrist or hand. Often the patient is unable to identify any definite dermatomal pattern and in such cases an accurate diagnosis becomes somewhat difficult. The following paper, incorporating a flow chart, provides the clinician with a logical sequence for the clinical exam in an attempt to arrive at the correct diagnosis, particularly those with mechanical causes. PMID:17989743

The Deming Method: Systems Theory for Educational Technology Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richie, Mark L.

1993-01-01

Discusses quality management principles as taught by W. Edwards Deming and describes their applications to educational technology services. Traditional organizational charts are explained; and benefits of using flow charts in Deming's systems are described, including better communications between departments, building teamwork, and opportunities…

Teaching Electricity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iona, Mario

1982-01-01

To clarify the meaning of electrical terms, a chart is used to compare electrical concepts and relationships with a more easily visualized system in which water flows from a hilltop reservoir through a pipe to drive a mill at the bottom of the hill. A diagram accompanies the chart. (Author/SK)

Wisconsin Recertification Manual for Public Librarians.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Robert; And Others

Designed to assist public librarians certified after May 1, 1979, this manual explains Wisconsin recertification requirements based on continuing education. It provides continuing education guidelines, a flow chart of the recertification process, an individual learning activity form, an annual report form, a conversion chart for assignment of…

Magnitude-Based Postfire Debris Flow Rainfall Accumulation-Duration Thresholds for Emergency-Response Planning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cannon, S. H.; Boldt, E. M.; Laber, J. L.; Kean, J. W.; Staley, D. M.

2011-12-01

Following wildfires, emergency-response and public-safety agencies can be faced with evacuation and resource-deployment decisions well in advance of coming winter storms and during storms themselves. Information critical to these decisions is needed for recently burned areas in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. A compilation of information on the hydrologic response to winter storms from recently burned areas in southern California steeplands is used to develop a system for classifying magnitudes of hydrologic response in this setting. The four-class system describes combinations of reported volumes of individual debris flows, consequences of debris flows and floods in an urban setting, and spatial extents of the hydrologic response. Magnitude 0 events show a negligible response, while Magnitude I events are characterized by small (<1,000 m3) debris flows or low-discharge floods produced from one or two drainage basins. A few culverts and storm drains may be blocked, a few streets may be partially flooded or blocked by water and debris, and a few buildings near the mountain front may be damaged. Magnitude II events are characterized by two to five moderately-sized (1,000 to 10,000 m3) debris flows or one large (>10,000 m3) event. Several culverts or storm drains may be blocked or fail, several streets may be flooded or completely blocked by water and debris, and buildings, streets, and bridges may be damaged or destroyed. Magnitude III events consist of widespread and abundant debris flows of volumes >10,000 m3 and high discharge flooding causing significant impact to the built environment. Many streets, storm drains, and streets may be completely blocked by debris, making many streets unsafe for travel. Several large buildings, sections of infrastructure corridors and bridges may be damaged or destroyed. The range of rainfall conditions associated with different magnitude classes are defined by correlating local rainfall data with the response magnitude information. Magnitude 0 events can be expected when within-storm rainfall accumulations (A) of given durations (D) fall below the threshold A=0.4D0.5. Magnitude I events can be expected when storm rainfall conditions are above the threshold A=0.4D0.5 and below A=0.5D0.6 for durations greater than 1 hour. Magnitude II events will be generated in response to rainfall accumulations and durations between A=0.4D0.5 and A=0.9D0.5 for durations less than one hour, and between A=0.5D0.6 and A=0.9D0.5 for durations greater than one hour. Magnitude III events can be expected in response to rainfall conditions above the threshold A=0.9D 0.5. Rainfall threshold-magnitude relations are linked with potential emergency-response actions as an emergency-response decision chart, which leads a user through steps to determine potential event magnitudes and identify possible evacuation and resource-deployment levels. Use of this information in the planning and response decision-making process could result in increased safety for both the public and emergency responders.

Structured Analysis and the Data Flow Diagram: Tools for Library Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, David H.

1986-01-01

This article discusses tools developed to aid the systems analysis process (program evaluation and review technique, Gantt charts, organizational charts, decision tables, flowcharts, hierarchy plus input-process-output). Similarities and differences among techniques, library applications of analysis, structured systems analysis, and the data flow…

Helicopter rotor wake geometry and its influence in forward flight. Volume 2: Wake geometry charts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Egolf, T. A.; Landgrebe, A. J.

1983-01-01

Isometric and projection view plots, inflow ratio nomographs, undistorted axial displacement nomographs, undistorted longitudinal and lateral coordinates, generalized axial distortion nomographs, blade/vortex passage charts, blade/vortex intersection angle nomographs, and fore and aft wake boundary charts are discussed. Example condition, in flow ratio, undistorted axial location, longitudinal and lateral coordinates, axial coordinates distortions, blade/tip vortex intersections, angle of intersection, and fore and aft wake boundaries are also discussed.

Techniques used for the analysis of oculometer eye-scanning data obtained from an air traffic control display

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crawford, Daniel J.; Burdette, Daniel W.; Capron, William R.

1993-01-01

The methodology and techniques used to collect and analyze look-point position data from a real-time ATC display-format comparison experiment are documented. That study compared the delivery precision and controller workload of three final approach spacing aid display formats. Using an oculometer, controller lookpoint position data were collected, associated with gaze objects (e.g., moving aircraft) on the ATC display, and analyzed to determine eye-scan behavior. The equipment involved and algorithms for saving, synchronizing with the ATC simulation output, and filtering the data are described. Target (gaze object) and cross-check scanning identification algorithms are also presented. Data tables are provided of total dwell times, average dwell times, and cross-check scans. Flow charts, block diagrams, file record descriptors, and source code are included. The techniques and data presented are intended to benefit researchers in other studies that incorporate non-stationary gaze objects and oculometer equipment.

31 CFR 542.513 - Official activities of certain international organizations authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.../structure/pdfs/un-system-chart-color-sm.pdf for a listing of Specialized Agencies, Programmes, Funds, and... and interests in property are blocked pursuant to § 542.201(a), other than the Government of Syria...

Syntax Flowcharts for Advanced French Courses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bryant, William H.

1983-01-01

The use of syntax flow charts as a graphic illustration of syntactic rules is suggested as both an instructional and a heuristic tool. Charts for these French structures are presented: negating of verbal expressions; balancing of conditional tenses; use of imperfect versus compound; agreement of past participles; and subjunctive sequences. (MSE)

Estimated Water Flows in 2005: United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, C A; Belles, R D; Simon, A J

2011-03-16

Flow charts depicting water use in the United States have been constructed from publicly available data and estimates of water use patterns. Approximately 410,500 million gallons per day of water are managed throughout the United States for use in farming, power production, residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Water is obtained from four major resource classes: fresh surface-water, saline (ocean) surface-water, fresh groundwater and saline (brackish) groundwater. Water that is not consumed or evaporated during its use is returned to surface bodies of water. The flow patterns are represented in a compact 'visual atlas' of 52 state-level (all 50 states inmore » addition to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) and one national water flow chart representing a comprehensive systems view of national water resources, use, and disposition.« less

A Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model

USGS Publications Warehouse

McDonald, Michael G.; Harbaugh, Arlen W.; Guo, Weixing; Lu, Guoping

1988-01-01

This report presents a finite-difference model and its associated modular computer program. The model simulates flow in three dimensions. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based and an explanation of how those concepts are incorporated in the modular structure of the computer program. The modular structure consists of a Main Program and a series of highly independent subroutines called 'modules.' The modules are grouped into 'packages.' Each package deals with a specific feature of the hydrologic system which is to be simulated, such as flow from rivers or flow into drains, or with a specific method of solving linear equations which describe the flow system, such as the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. The division of the program into modules permits the user to examine specific hydrologic features of the model independently. This also facilita development of additional capabilities because new packages can be added to the program without modifying the existing packages. The input and output systems of the computer program are also designed to permit maximum flexibility. Ground-water flow within the aquifer is simulated using a block-centered finite-difference approach. Layers can be simulated as confined, unconfined, or a combination of confined and unconfined. Flow associated with external stresses, such as wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, drains, and streams, can also be simulated. The finite-difference equations can be solved using either the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. The program is written in FORTRAN 77 and will run without modification on most computers that have a FORTRAN 77 compiler. For each program ,module, this report includes a narrative description, a flow chart, a list of variables, and a module listing.

Getting With It: Flow Diagrams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ritchie, W. A.

1975-01-01

The use of flow charts in the teaching of college mathematics enhances students' understanding of mathematical processes. Used appropriately in elementary and secondary schools they could also nurture understanding of algorithms. (SD)

78 FR 6357 - Submission for Renewal: New Information Collection, Fingerprint Chart Standard Form 87 (SF 87)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-30

..., IPAC and MNU blocks support billing and processing enhancements. The printed ORI number is no longer necessary because SF 87 forms are converted to images and transmitted to the FBI electronically. The Public...

Programmers manual for static and dynamic reusable surface insulation stresses (resist)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ogilvie, P. L.; Levy, A.; Austin, F.; Ojalvo, I. U.

1974-01-01

Programming information for the RESIST program for the dynamic and thermal stress analysis of the space shuttle surface insulation is presented. The overall flow chart of the program, overlay chart, data set allocation, and subprogram calling sequence are given along with a brief description of the individual subprograms and typical subprogram output.

Tables for the Rapid Estimation of Downwash and Sidewash Behind Wings Performing Various Motions at Supersonic Speeds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bobbitt, Percy J.

1959-01-01

Equations for the downwash and sidewash due to supersonic yawed and unswept horseshoe vortices have been utilized in formulating tables and charts to permit a rapid estimation of the flow velocities behind wings performing various steady motions. Tabulations are presented of the downwash and sidewash in the wing vertical plane of symmetry due to a unit-strength yawed horseshoe vortex located at 20 equally spaced spanwise positions along lifting lines of various sweeps. (The bound portion of the yawed vortex is coincident with the lifting line.) Charts are presented for the purpose of estimating the spanwise variations of the flow-field velocities and give longitudinal variations of the downwash and sidewash at a nuMber of vertical and spanwise locations due to a unit-strength unswept horseshoe vortex. Use of the tables and charts to calculate wing downwash or sidewash requires a knowledge of the wing spanwise distribution of circulation. Sample computations for the rolling sidewash and angle-of-attack downwash behind a typical swept wing are presented to demonstrate the use of the tables and charts.

Using Flow Charts to Visualize the Decision-Making Process in Space Weather Forecasting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aung, M. T. Y.; Myat, T.; Zheng, Y.; Mays, M. L.; Ngwira, C.; Damas, M. C.

2016-12-01

Our society today relies heavily on technological systems such as satellites, navigation systems, power grids and aviation. These systems are very sensitive to space weather disturbances. When Earth-directed space weather driven by the Sun arrives at the Earth, it causes changes to the Earth's radiation environment and the magnetosphere. Strong disturbances in the magnetosphere of the Earth are responsible for geomagnetic storms that can last from hours to days depending on strength of storms. Geomagnetic storms can severely impact critical infrastructure on Earth, such as the electric power grid, and Solar Energetic Particles that can endanger life in outer space. How can we lessen these adverse effects? They can be lessened through the early warning signals sent by space weather forecasters before CME or high-speed stream arrives. A space weather forecaster's duty is to send predicted notifications to high-tech industries and NASA missions so that they could take extra measures for protection. NASA space weather forecasters make prediction decisions by following certain steps and processes from the time an event occurs at the sun all the way to the impact locations. However, there has never been a tool that helps these forecasters visualize the decision process until now. A flow chart is created to help forecasters visualize the decision process. This flow chart provides basic knowledge of space weather and can be used to train future space weather forecasters. It also helps to cut down the training period and increase consistency in forecasting. The flow chart is also a great reference for people who are already familiar with space weather.

[Oral contraception].

PubMed

Montloin, A

1990-11-01

This brief discussion of the different types of oral contraceptives (OCs) makes abundant use of flow charts, tables, and diagrams to present information and stress specific points. The work begins by defining the different hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian hormones and diagramming and describing the menstrual cycle. A discussion of combined OCs defines and diagrams monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic pills, distinguishes between different dose levels, and describes the mechanisms of action of OCs. Sequential pills and their mechanism of action are briefly discussed. The discussion of OCs containing progestins distinguishes between low does pills and high dose pills and describes the use of injectable progestins. A table then lists the dose-dependent side effects of estrogens and progestins. Simple instructions are provided for administering pills beginning on the 1st cycle day and for actions to take in the event a pill is forgotten. A flow chart taking into account age and presence or absence of vascular and gynecologic risk factors indicates which type of OC should be selected. Some advantages of OCs are identified, including maximum effectiveness and prevention of benign breast disease and perhaps of some type of rheumatoid arthritis. Another flow chart, on patient monitoring, identifies the contraindications that should be ruled out before OCs are prescribed and the routine follow-up examinations required for safe use. Other charts list absolute and relative contraindications and possible drug interferences.

Banning PRF programmer's manual. [considering MOS integrated circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuelthau, R. L.

1970-01-01

This manual describes a modification of the Banning placement routing folding program. The modifications to this program have been made to implement it on a Sigma 5 computer. Flow charts of various levels, beginning with high level functional diagrams and working down to the level of detail deemed necessary to understand the operations of the various sections of the program are included. Along with the flow charts of each subroutine is a narrative description of its functional operation and definitions of its arrays and key variables, and a section to assist the programmer in dimensioning the program's arrays.

HAL/SM system functional design specification. [systems analysis and design analysis of central processing units

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, C.; Williams, G. P. W., Jr.

1975-01-01

The functional design of a preprocessor, and subsystems is described. A structure chart and a data flow diagram are included for each subsystem. Also a group of intermodule interface definitions (one definition per module) is included immediately following the structure chart and data flow for a particular subsystem. Each of these intermodule interface definitions consists of the identification of the module, the function the module is to perform, the identification and definition of parameter interfaces to the module, and any design notes associated with the module. Also described are compilers and computer libraries.

How well do commonly used data presentation formats support comparative effectiveness evaluations?

PubMed Central

Dolan, James G.; Qian, Feng; Veazie, Peter J.

2012-01-01

Background Good decisions depend on an accurate understanding of the comparative effectiveness of decision alternatives. The best way convey data needed to support these comparisons is unknown. Objective To determine how well five commonly used data presentation formats convey comparative effectiveness information. Design Internet survey using a factorial design. Subjects 279 members of an online survey panel. Intervention Study participants compared outcomes associated with three hypothetical screening test options relative to five possible outcomes with probabilities ranging from 2 per 5,000 (0.04%) to 500 per 1,000 (50%). Data presentation formats included a table, a “magnified” bar chart, a risk scale, a frequency diagram, and an icon array. Measurements Outcomes included the number of correct ordinal judgments regarding the more likely of two outcomes, the ratio of perceived versus actual relative likelihoods of the paired outcomes, the inter-subject consistency of responses, and perceived clarity. Results The mean number of correct ordinal judgments was 12 of 15 (80%), with no differences among data formats. On average, there was a 3.3-fold difference between perceived and actual likelihood ratios,95%CI: 3.0 to 3.6. Comparative judgments based on flow charts, icon arrays, and tables were all significantly more accurate and consistent than those based on risk scales and bar charts, p < 0.001. The most clearly perceived formats were the table and the flow chart. Low subjective numeracy was associated with less accurate and more variable data interpretations and lower perceived clarity for icon displays, bar charts, and flow diagrams. Conclusions None of the data presentation formats studied can reliably provide patients, especially those with low subjective numeracy, with an accurate understanding of comparative effectiveness information. PMID:22618998

The Two-By-Two Array: An Aid in Conceptualization and Problem Solving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eberhart, James

2004-01-01

The fields of mathematics, science, and engineering are replete with diagrams of many varieties. They range in nature from the Venn diagrams of symbolic logic to the Periodic Chart of the Elements; and from the fault trees of risk assessment to the flow charts used to describe laboratory procedures, industrial processes, and computer programs. All…

An algorithmic approach to the brain biopsy--part I.

PubMed

Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B K; Prayson, Richard A

2006-11-01

The formulation of appropriate differential diagnoses for a slide is essential to the practice of surgical pathology but can be particularly challenging for residents and fellows. Algorithmic flow charts can help the less experienced pathologist to systematically consider all possible choices and eliminate incorrect diagnoses. They can assist pathologists-in-training in developing orderly, sequential, and logical thinking skills when confronting difficult cases. To present an algorithmic flow chart as an approach to formulating differential diagnoses for lesions seen in surgical neuropathology. An algorithmic flow chart to be used in teaching residents. Algorithms are not intended to be final diagnostic answers on any given case. Algorithms do not substitute for training received from experienced mentors nor do they substitute for comprehensive reading by trainees of reference textbooks. Algorithmic flow diagrams can, however, direct the viewer to the correct spot in reference texts for further in-depth reading once they hone down their diagnostic choices to a smaller number of entities. The best feature of algorithms is that they remind the user to consider all possibilities on each case, even if they can be quickly eliminated from further consideration. In Part I, we assist the resident in learning how to handle brain biopsies in general and how to distinguish nonneoplastic lesions that mimic tumors from true neoplasms.

An algorithmic approach to the brain biopsy--part II.

PubMed

Prayson, Richard A; Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B K

2006-11-01

The formulation of appropriate differential diagnoses for a slide is essential to the practice of surgical pathology but can be particularly challenging for residents and fellows. Algorithmic flow charts can help the less experienced pathologist to systematically consider all possible choices and eliminate incorrect diagnoses. They can assist pathologists-in-training in developing orderly, sequential, and logical thinking skills when confronting difficult cases. To present an algorithmic flow chart as an approach to formulating differential diagnoses for lesions seen in surgical neuropathology. An algorithmic flow chart to be used in teaching residents. Algorithms are not intended to be final diagnostic answers on any given case. Algorithms do not substitute for training received from experienced mentors nor do they substitute for comprehensive reading by trainees of reference textbooks. Algorithmic flow diagrams can, however, direct the viewer to the correct spot in reference texts for further in-depth reading once they hone down their diagnostic choices to a smaller number of entities. The best feature of algorithms is that they remind the user to consider all possibilities on each case, even if they can be quickly eliminated from further consideration. In Part II, we assist the resident in arriving at the correct diagnosis for neuropathologic lesions containing granulomatous inflammation, macrophages, or abnormal blood vessels.

A numerical solution for the diffusion equation in hydrogeologic systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ishii, A.L.; Healy, R.W.; Striegl, Robert G.

1989-01-01

The documentation of a computer code for the numerical solution of the linear diffusion equation in one or two dimensions in Cartesian or cylindrical coordinates is presented. Applications of the program include molecular diffusion, heat conduction, and fluid flow in confined systems. The flow media may be anisotropic and heterogeneous. The model is formulated by replacing the continuous linear diffusion equation by discrete finite-difference approximations at each node in a block-centered grid. The resulting matrix equation is solved by the method of preconditioned conjugate gradients. The conjugate gradient method does not require the estimation of iteration parameters and is guaranteed convergent in the absence of rounding error. The matrixes are preconditioned to decrease the steps to convergence. The model allows the specification of any number of boundary conditions for any number of stress periods, and the output of a summary table for selected nodes showing flux and the concentration of the flux quantity for each time step. The model is written in a modular format for ease of modification. The model was verified by comparison of numerical and analytical solutions for cases of molecular diffusion, two-dimensional heat transfer, and axisymmetric radial saturated fluid flow. Application of the model to a hypothetical two-dimensional field situation of gas diffusion in the unsaturated zone is demonstrated. The input and output files are included as a check on program installation. The definition of variables, input requirements, flow chart, and program listing are included in the attachments. (USGS)

Automated Methodologies for the Design of Flow Diagrams for Development and Maintenance Activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shivanand M., Handigund; Shweta, Bhat

The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) of the organization is a text document prepared by strategic management incorporating the requirements of the organization. These requirements of ongoing business/ project development process involve the software tools, the hardware devices, the manual procedures, the application programs and the communication commands. These components are appropriately ordered for achieving the mission of the concerned process both in the project development and the ongoing business processes, in different flow diagrams viz. activity chart, workflow diagram, activity diagram, component diagram and deployment diagram. This paper proposes two generic, automatic methodologies for the design of various flow diagrams of (i) project development activities, (ii) ongoing business process. The methodologies also resolve the ensuing deadlocks in the flow diagrams and determine the critical paths for the activity chart. Though both methodologies are independent, each complements other in authenticating its correctness and completeness.

Project Physics Teacher Guide 1, Concepts of Motion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 1 are presented in this manual to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Curriculum objectives are discussed in connection with instructional materials, suggested year time schedules, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, resource charts, and experiment summaries. Brief analyses are…

Project Physics Teacher Guide 3, The Triumph of Mechanics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 3 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid perspective, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resource charts. Brief analyses are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is…

Project Physics Teacher Guide 2, Motion in the Heavens.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 2 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. The unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid perspectives, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resource charts. Analyses are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is…

Project Physics Teacher Guide 6, The Nucleus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 6 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid lists, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resource charts. Brief summaries are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is information…

Project Physics Teacher Guide 4, Light and Electromagnetism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 4 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid lists, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resources charts. Brief summaries are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is information…

Double-porosity models for a fissured groundwater reservoir with fracture skin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moench, Allen F.

1984-01-01

Theories of flow to a well in a double-porosity groundwater reservoir are modified to incorporate effects of a thin layer of low-permeability material or fracture skin that may be present at fracture-block interfaces as a result of mineral deposition or alteration. The commonly used theory for flow in double- porosity formations that is based upon the assumption of pseudo–steady state block-to-fissure flow is shown to be a special case of the theory presented in this paper. The latter is based on the assumption of transient block-to-fissure flow with fracture skin. Under conditions where fracture skin has a hydraulic conductivity that is less than that of the matrix rock, it may be assumed to impede the interchange of fluid between the fissures and blocks. Resistance to flow at fracture-block interfaces tends to reduce spatial variation of hydraulic head gradients within the blocks. This provides theoretical justification for neglecting the divergence of flow in the blocks as required by the pseudo–steady state flow model. Coupled boundary value problems for flow to a well discharging at a constant rate were solved in the Laplace domain. Both slab-shaped and sphere-shaped blocks were considered, as were effects of well bore storage and well bore skin. Results obtained by numerical inversion were used to construct dimensionless-type curves that were applied to well test data, for a pumped well and for an observation well, from the fractured volcanic rock terrane of the Nevada Test Site.

Progress of Icelandic Lava Flows Charted by NASA EO-1 Spacecraft

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-09

On the night of Sept. 6, 2014 NASA Earth Observing 1 EO-1 spacecraft observed the ongoing eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland. Partially covered by clouds, this scene shows the extent of the lava flows that have been erupting.

User's guide to the Fault Inferring Nonlinear Detection System (FINDS) computer program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caglayan, A. K.; Godiwala, P. M.; Satz, H. S.

1988-01-01

Described are the operation and internal structure of the computer program FINDS (Fault Inferring Nonlinear Detection System). The FINDS algorithm is designed to provide reliable estimates for aircraft position, velocity, attitude, and horizontal winds to be used for guidance and control laws in the presence of possible failures in the avionics sensors. The FINDS algorithm was developed with the use of a digital simulation of a commercial transport aircraft and tested with flight recorded data. The algorithm was then modified to meet the size constraints and real-time execution requirements on a flight computer. For the real-time operation, a multi-rate implementation of the FINDS algorithm has been partitioned to execute on a dual parallel processor configuration: one based on the translational dynamics and the other on the rotational kinematics. The report presents an overview of the FINDS algorithm, the implemented equations, the flow charts for the key subprograms, the input and output files, program variable indexing convention, subprogram descriptions, and the common block descriptions used in the program.

Exploration momentum builds in offshore Indonesia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van Dyke, L.F.

1969-06-23

A base map shows where the major action is taking place in SE. Asian waters. Eight rigs are active in the Indonesian-Malaysian theater. Several companies or groups have plans in various stages of preliminary exploration, from running seismic surveys to charting exploration programs. The Indonesian Government appears willing to negotiate new production sharing agreements for blocks of open acreage. Malaya would also like to grant some new acreage. Only 3 companies have done significant drilling to date. Production in one wildcat, was estimated at about 2,480 bpd, but the well was lost due to mechanical problems. The second well alsomore » found some oil, but was not completed due to mechanical troubles. A third test is reported to have encountered the same productive limestones. A total of 3 dry holes have been drilled off S. Kalimantan. A discovery well, some 80 miles northeast of Djakarta, and about 18 miles off shore in the Java Sea, flowed 2,600 bpd.« less

A general multiblock Euler code for propulsion integration. Volume 1: Theory document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, H. C.; Su, T. Y.; Kao, T. J.

1991-01-01

A general multiblock Euler solver was developed for the analysis of flow fields over geometrically complex configurations either in free air or in a wind tunnel. In this approach, the external space around a complex configuration was divided into a number of topologically simple blocks, so that surface-fitted grids and an efficient flow solution algorithm could be easily applied in each block. The computational grid in each block is generated using a combination of algebraic and elliptic methods. A grid generation/flow solver interface program was developed to facilitate the establishment of block-to-block relations and the boundary conditions for each block. The flow solver utilizes a finite volume formulation and an explicit time stepping scheme to solve the Euler equations. A multiblock version of the multigrid method was developed to accelerate the convergence of the calculations. The generality of the method was demonstrated through the analysis of two complex configurations at various flow conditions. Results were compared to available test data. Two accompanying volumes, user manuals for the preparation of multi-block grids (vol. 2) and for the Euler flow solver (vol. 3), provide information on input data format and program execution.

MO-A-BRB-03: Integration Issues in Electronic Charting for External Beam Therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sutlief, S.

2015-06-15

The process of converting to an electronic chart for radiation therapy can be daunting. It requires a dedicated committee to first research and choose appropriate software, to review the entire documentation policy and flow of the clinic, to convert this system to electronic form or if necessary, redesign the system to more easily conform to the electronic process. Those making the conversion and those who already use electronic charting would benefit from the shared experience of those who have been through the process in the past. Therefore TG262 was convened to provide guidance on electronic charting for external beam radiationmore » therapy and brachytherapy. This course will present the results of an internal survey of task group members on EMR practices in External Beam Radiation Therapy as well as discuss important issues in EMR development and structure for both EBRT and brachytherapy. Learning Objectives: Be familiarized with common practices and pitfalls in development and maintenance of an electronic chart in Radiation Oncology Be familiarized with important issues related to electronic charting in External Beam Radiation Therapy Be familiarized with important issues related to electronic charting in Brachytherapy.« less

MO-A-BRB-02: Considerations and Issues in Electronic Charting for Brachytherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Richardson, S.

2015-06-15

The process of converting to an electronic chart for radiation therapy can be daunting. It requires a dedicated committee to first research and choose appropriate software, to review the entire documentation policy and flow of the clinic, to convert this system to electronic form or if necessary, redesign the system to more easily conform to the electronic process. Those making the conversion and those who already use electronic charting would benefit from the shared experience of those who have been through the process in the past. Therefore TG262 was convened to provide guidance on electronic charting for external beam radiationmore » therapy and brachytherapy. This course will present the results of an internal survey of task group members on EMR practices in External Beam Radiation Therapy as well as discuss important issues in EMR development and structure for both EBRT and brachytherapy. Learning Objectives: Be familiarized with common practices and pitfalls in development and maintenance of an electronic chart in Radiation Oncology Be familiarized with important issues related to electronic charting in External Beam Radiation Therapy Be familiarized with important issues related to electronic charting in Brachytherapy.« less

A full three dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulation of flow field inside a power plant Kaplan turbine using some model test turbine hill chart points

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseinalipour, S. M.; Raja, A.; Hajikhani, S.

2012-06-01

A full three dimensional Navier - Stokes numerical simulation has been performed for performance analysis of a Kaplan turbine which is installed in one of the Irans south dams. No simplifications have been enforced in the simulation. The numerical results have been evaluated using some integral parameters such as the turbine efficiency via comparing the results with existing experimental data from the prototype Hill chart. In part of this study the numerical simulations were performed in order to calculate the prototype turbine efficiencies in some specific points which comes from the scaling up of the model efficiency that are available in the model experimental Hill chart. The results are very promising which shows the good ability of the numerical techniques for resolving the flow characteristics in these kind of complex geometries. A parametric study regarding the evaluation of turbine performance in three different runner angles of the prototype is also performed and the results are cited in this paper.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mechalakos, J.

The process of converting to an electronic chart for radiation therapy can be daunting. It requires a dedicated committee to first research and choose appropriate software, to review the entire documentation policy and flow of the clinic, to convert this system to electronic form or if necessary, redesign the system to more easily conform to the electronic process. Those making the conversion and those who already use electronic charting would benefit from the shared experience of those who have been through the process in the past. Therefore TG262 was convened to provide guidance on electronic charting for external beam radiationmore » therapy and brachytherapy. This course will present the results of an internal survey of task group members on EMR practices in External Beam Radiation Therapy as well as discuss important issues in EMR development and structure for both EBRT and brachytherapy. Learning Objectives: Be familiarized with common practices and pitfalls in development and maintenance of an electronic chart in Radiation Oncology Be familiarized with important issues related to electronic charting in External Beam Radiation Therapy Be familiarized with important issues related to electronic charting in Brachytherapy.« less

Project Physics Teacher Guide 5, Models of the Atom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 5 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid lists, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resource charts. Brief summaries are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is information…

IRM Concepts: Building Blocks for the 1990s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owen, Darrell E.

1989-01-01

Presents a conceptual overview of information resources management (IRM) by synthesizing concepts put forward during the 1980s and charts opportunities to move these concepts into practice. It is argued that the reorganization required by IRM is justified by better use of resources, better decision making, and an improved corporate structure. (21…

Maternal and Child Health Bureau Active Projects FY 1991: An Annotated Listing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, Washington, DC.

This annotated listing provides brief descriptions of the 591 projects funded during 1991 by federal set-aside funds of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Services Block Grant and identified as special projects of regional and national significance (SPRANS). Preliminary information includes an introduction, an organization chart of the Maternal…

Energy Blocks--A Physical Model for Teaching Energy Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hertting, Scott

2016-01-01

Most physics educators would agree that energy is a very useful, albeit abstract topic. It is therefore important to use various methods to help the student internalize the concept of energy itself and its related ideas. These methods include using representations such as energy bar graphs, energy pie charts, or energy tracking diagrams.…

Block Volume Estimation from the Discontinuity Spacing Measurements of Mesozoic Limestone Quarries, Karaburun Peninsula, Turkey

PubMed Central

Elci, Hakan; Turk, Necdet

2014-01-01

Block volumes are generally estimated by analyzing the discontinuity spacing measurements obtained either from the scan lines placed over the rock exposures or the borehole cores. Discontinuity spacing measurements made at the Mesozoic limestone quarries in Karaburun Peninsula were used to estimate the average block volumes that could be produced from them using the suggested methods in the literature. The Block Quality Designation (BQD) ratio method proposed by the authors has been found to have given in the same order of the rock block volume to the volumetric joint count (J v) method. Moreover, dimensions of the 2378 blocks produced between the years of 2009 and 2011 in the working quarries have been recorded. Assuming, that each block surfaces is a discontinuity, the mean block volume (V b), the mean volumetric joint count (J vb) and the mean block shape factor of the blocks are determined and compared with the estimated mean in situ block volumes (V in) and volumetric joint count (J vi) values estimated from the in situ discontinuity measurements. The established relations are presented as a chart to be used in practice for estimating the mean volume of blocks that can be obtained from a quarry site by analyzing the rock mass discontinuity spacing measurements. PMID:24696642

Block volume estimation from the discontinuity spacing measurements of mesozoic limestone quarries, Karaburun Peninsula, Turkey.

PubMed

Elci, Hakan; Turk, Necdet

2014-01-01

Block volumes are generally estimated by analyzing the discontinuity spacing measurements obtained either from the scan lines placed over the rock exposures or the borehole cores. Discontinuity spacing measurements made at the Mesozoic limestone quarries in Karaburun Peninsula were used to estimate the average block volumes that could be produced from them using the suggested methods in the literature. The Block Quality Designation (BQD) ratio method proposed by the authors has been found to have given in the same order of the rock block volume to the volumetric joint count (J(v)) method. Moreover, dimensions of the 2378 blocks produced between the years of 2009 and 2011 in the working quarries have been recorded. Assuming, that each block surfaces is a discontinuity, the mean block volume (V(b)), the mean volumetric joint count (J(vb)) and the mean block shape factor of the blocks are determined and compared with the estimated mean in situ block volumes (V(in)) and volumetric joint count (J(vi)) values estimated from the in situ discontinuity measurements. The established relations are presented as a chart to be used in practice for estimating the mean volume of blocks that can be obtained from a quarry site by analyzing the rock mass discontinuity spacing measurements.

A Structural Weight Estimation Program (SWEEP) for Aircraft. Volume 6 - Wing and Empennage Module. Appendix A: General Information for Module Flow Charts and Listings. Appendix B: Program Flow Charts, Overlays (8,0), (14,0), (15,0), (16,0) and (17,0)

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-06-01

reimi /oifi I mew oo n ni I • I t»M • »’ - (I/O.. -iISIII »7. . ISIll • »I/ISM • ^■>l niKii • mi i Wi’iOui...flll>»tlllll"r A ’ torn». • rami nm • reiMi ni»i • ocm .. • cioie • i it CKDIII • nsiiii 1 IMIBl • TCIII TWllTI ■ TCm miai • «ein

Avionics electromagnetic interference immunity and environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clarke, C. A.

1986-01-01

Aircraft electromagnetic spectrum and radio frequency (RF) field strengths are charted, profiling the higher levels of electromagnetic voltages encountered by the commercial aircraft wiring. Selected military, urban, and rural electromagnetic field levels are plotted and provide a comparison of radiation amplitudes. Low frequency magnetic fields and electric fields from 400 H(Z) power systems are charted versus frequency and wire separation to indicate induced voltages on adjacent or neighboring circuits. Induced EMI levels and attenuation characteristics of electric, magnetic, RF fields, and transients are plotted and graphed for common types of wire circuits. The significance of wire circuit returns and shielding is emphasized to highlight the techniques that help block the paths of electromagnetic interference and maintain avionic interface signal quality.

Nuclear cartography: patterns in binding energies and subatomic structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simpson, E. C.; Shelley, M.

2017-11-01

Nuclear masses and binding energies are some of the first nuclear properties met in high school physics, and can be used to introduce radioactive decays, fusion, and fission. With relatively little extension, they can also illustrate fundamental concepts in nuclear physics, such as shell structure and pairing, and to discuss how the elements around us were formed in stars. One way of visualising these nuclear properties is through the nuclide chart, which maps all nuclides as a function of their proton and neutron numbers. Here we use the nuclide chart to illustrate various aspects of nuclear physics, and present 3D visualisations of it produced as part of the binding blocks project.

Nuclear reactor reflector

DOEpatents

Hopkins, Ronald J.; Land, John T.; Misvel, Michael C.

1994-01-01

A nuclear reactor reflector is disclosed that comprises a stack of reflector blocks with vertical water flow passages to cool the reflector. The interface between blocks is opposite support points for reactor fuel rods. Water flows between the reflector and the reactor barrel from passages in a bottom block. The top block contains a flange to limit this flow and the flange has a slot to receive an alignment pin that is welded to the barrel. The pin is held in the slot by two removable shims. Alignment bars extend the length of the stack in slots machined in each block when the stack is assembled.

Nuclear reactor reflector

DOEpatents

Hopkins, R.J.; Land, J.T.; Misvel, M.C.

1994-06-07

A nuclear reactor reflector is disclosed that comprises a stack of reflector blocks with vertical water flow passages to cool the reflector. The interface between blocks is opposite support points for reactor fuel rods. Water flows between the reflector and the reactor barrel from passages in a bottom block. The top block contains a flange to limit this flow and the flange has a slot to receive an alignment pin that is welded to the barrel. The pin is held in the slot by two removable shims. Alignment bars extend the length of the stack in slots machined in each block when the stack is assembled. 12 figs.

Issues to be Considered in the Evaluation of Technical Proposals from the Ada (Trademark) Language Perspective.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-10

flowcharts - hierarchical charts - data flow diagrams - finite state diagrams - control flow diagrams - decision tables/trees - entity-relationship...and beginners ; for example, is prompting via menus provided for beginners and single keystroke capability provided for experienced users? 2-13 - input

MHD Simulation of the Interplanetary Environment in the Ecliptic Plane during the 3-9 February 1986 Solar and Geomagnetic Activity.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

AD-R173 822 MWD SIMULATION OF THE INTERPLANETARY ENVIRONMENT IN THE 1/1 ECLIPTIC PLRNE DU (U) AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAS HANSCOM AFB MA M DRYER ET AL...RESOLUTION TEST CHART M4rtqOAI RIM) Of STANDARMS 96I-A AFGL-TR-86-0189 M Simulation of the Interplanetary Environment in the Ecliptic Plane During the 3-9...CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Cant of Block 11: in the Ecliptic Plane During the 3-9 February 1986 Solar and Geomagnetic Activity Cant of Block 19 (ABSTRACT

Capital Budgeting Decisions with Post-Audit Information

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-08

estimates that were used during project selection. In similar fashion, this research introduces the equivalent sample size concept that permits the... equivalent sample size is extended to include the user’s prior beliefs. 4. For a management tool, the concepts for Cash Flow Control Charts are...Acoxxting Research , vol. 7, no. 2, Autumn 1969, pp. 215-244. [9] Gaynor, Edwin W., "Use of Control Charts in Cost Control ", National Association of Cost

Seismic anisotropy beneath the southern Ordos block and the Qinling-Dabie orogen, China: Eastward Tibetan asthenospheric flow around the southern Ordos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Yong; Chen, Yongshun John

2016-12-01

SKS wave splitting analysis is performed to estimate the seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle using teleseismic data recorded by a temporary seismic array of 180 stations called SOSArray deployed in the southern Ordos block and the Qinling-Dabie orogen. The most important finding is that large delay times with NW-SE fast polarization directions in the northeastern Tibet are continuous across the boundary into the southwestern part of the Ordos block, where the SKS wave splitting results are significantly different from those in the rest of the Ordos block. Based on our SKS wave splitting results in addition to the results from previous studies, we propose an asthenospheric flow model for the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan upper mantle. The model consists of two corner flows around the southwestern corner and the southeastern corner of the Ordos block and the eastward flow along the Weihe graben and the Qinling-Dabie orogen for the escaping Tibetan upper mantle. Finally, the clockwise turning flow of the asthenosphere around the southwestern corner of Ordos block has currently extended laterally into the interior of the Ordos block, suggesting that the thick cold lithospheric root of the southwestern Ordos block there is currently being replaced with hot Tibetan asthenosphere at depths, that is, we observed an on-going process of thermal erosion of a cratonic lithosphere by lateral hot asthenospheric flow.

Gas block mechanism for water removal in fuel cells

DOEpatents

Issacci, Farrokh; Rehg, Timothy J.

2004-02-03

The present invention is directed to apparatus and method for cathode-side disposal of water in an electrochemical fuel cell. There is a cathode plate. Within a surface of the plate is a flow field comprised of interdigitated channels. During operation of the fuel cell, cathode gas flows by convection through a gas diffusion layer above the flow field. Positioned at points adjacent to the flow field are one or more porous gas block mediums that have pores sized such that water is sipped off to the outside of the flow field by capillary flow and cathode gas is blocked from flowing through the medium. On the other surface of the plate is a channel in fluid communication with each porous gas block mediums. The method for water disposal in a fuel cell comprises installing the cathode plate assemblies at the cathode sides of the stack of fuel cells and manifolding the single water channel of each of the cathode plate assemblies to the coolant flow that feeds coolant plates in the stack.

Neural signatures of experimentally induced flow experiences identified in a typical fMRI block design with BOLD imaging

PubMed Central

Keller, Johannes; Grön, Georg

2016-01-01

Previously, experimentally induced flow experiences have been demonstrated with perfusion imaging during activation blocks of 3 min length to accommodate with the putatively slowly evolving “mood” characteristics of flow. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a sample of 23 healthy, male participants to investigate flow in the context of a typical fMRI block design with block lengths as short as 30 s. To induce flow, demands of arithmetic tasks were automatically and continuously adjusted to the individual skill level. Compared against conditions of boredom and overload, experience of flow was evident from individuals’ reported subjective experiences and changes in electrodermal activity. Neural activation was relatively increased during flow, particularly in the anterior insula, inferior frontal gyri, basal ganglia and midbrain. Relative activation decreases during flow were observed in medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex, and in the medial temporal lobe including the amygdala. Present findings suggest that even in the context of comparably short activation blocks flow can be reliably experienced and is associated with changes in neural activation of brain regions previously described. Possible mechanisms of interacting brain regions are outlined, awaiting further investigation which should now be possible given the greater temporal resolution compared with previous perfusion imaging. PMID:26508774

[Competence development in undergraduate medical schools: a model with entrusted professional activities].

PubMed

Torruco-García, Uri; Ortiz-Montalvo, Armando; Varela-Ruiz, Margarita Elena; Hamui-Sutton, Alicia

2016-01-01

Today´s relevant educational models emphasize that a great part of learning be situated and reflexive; one of those is the Entrusted Professional Activities model. The study objective was to develop a model that integrates Entrusted Professional Activities with a medical school curriculum. From October 2012 a multidisciplinary group met to develop a model with the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology. From two published models of Entrusted Professional Activities and the curriculum of a school of medicine, blocks, units, and daily clinical practice charts were developed. The thematic content of the curriculum was integrated with the appropriate milestones for undergraduate students and the clinical practice needed to achieve it. We wrote a manual with 37 daily clinical practice charts for students (18 of gynecology and 19 of obstetrics) and 37 for teachers. Each chart content was the daily clinical practice, reflection activities, assessment instruments, and bibliography. It is feasible to combine a model of Entrusted Professional Activities with an undergraduate curriculum, which establishes a continuum with postgraduate education.

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-01-01

This chart provides a launch summary of the Saturn IB launch vehicle as of 1973. Developed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) as an interim vehicle in MSFC's "building block" approach to the Saturn rocket development, the Saturn IB utilized Saturn I technology to further develop and refine the larger boosters and the Apollo spacecraft capabilities required for the marned lunar missions.

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-01-01

This 1968 chart depicts the various mission configurations for the Saturn IB launch vehicle. Developed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) as an interim vehicle in MSFC's "building block" approach to the Saturn rocket development, the Saturn IB utilized Saturn I technology to further develop and refine the larger boosters and the Apollo spacecraft capabilities required for the marned lunar missions.

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-01-01

This 1968 chart illustrates the characteristics and proposed missions for the Saturn IB launch vehicle. Developed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) as an interim vehicle in MSFC's "building block" approach to the Saturn rocket development, the Saturn IB utilized Saturn I technology to further develop and refine the larger boosters and the Apollo spacecraft capabilities required for the marned lunar missions.

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

A Pulsatile Cardiovascular Computer Model for Teaching Heart-Blood Vessel Interaction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Kenneth; And Others

1982-01-01

Describes a model which gives realistic predictions of pulsatile pressure, flow, and volume events in the cardiovascular system. Includes computer oriented laboratory exercises for veterinary and graduate students; equations of the dynamic and algebraic models; and a flow chart for the cardiovascular teaching program. (JN)

A general representation for axial-flow fans and turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perl, W; Tucker, M

1945-01-01

A general representation of fan and turbine arrangements on a single classification chart is presented that is made possible by a particular definition of the stage of an axial-flow fan or turbine. Several unconventional fan and turbine arrangements are indicated and the applications of these arrangements are discussed.

Using colloidal silica as isolator, diverter and blocking agent for subsurface geological applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bourcier, William L.; Roberts, Sarah K.; Roberts, Jeffery J.

A system for blocking fast flow paths in geological formations includes preparing a solution of colloidal silica having a nonviscous phase and a solid gel phase. The solution of colloidal silica is injected into the geological formations while the solution of colloidal silica is in the nonviscous phase. The solution of colloidal silica is directed into the fast flow paths and reaches the solid gel phase in the fast flow paths thereby blocking flow of fluid in the fast paths.

Axillary brachial plexus block duration with mepivacaine in patients with chronic renal failure. Case-control study.

PubMed

Mojica, V; Nieuwveld, D; Herrera, A E; Mestres, G; López, A M; Sala-Blanch, X

2017-04-01

Regional anaesthesia is commonly preferred for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. Previous studies suggest a shorter block duration in patients with chronic renal failure, maybe because of the changes in regional blood flow. The aim of our study was to evaluate the duration of the axillary block with 1.5% mepivacaine in patients with chronic renal failure scheduled for AVF compared with healthy controls. Patients scheduled for AVF creation for the first time (GIRC) were included. They were compared with patients without renal failure (GC), with similar anthropometric characteristics. Ultrasound-guided axillary blocks with 20mL of 1.5% mepivacaine were performed on all patients. We evaluated onset time, humeral artery diameter and blood flow before and after the block, as well as the block duration. Twenty-three patients (GIRC: 12 and GC: 11) were included. No differences between groups were observed in block duration (GIRC: 227±43min vs GC: 229±27min; P=.781), or in onset time (GIRC: 13±5min vs GC: 12.2±3min; P=.477). The humeral blood flow before and after block was significantly lower in the GIRC (pre-block: GIRC: 52±21ml/min GC: 100±62ml/min; P=.034 and p ost block: GIRC: 130±57ml/min and GC: 274±182ml/min; P=.010). There was no significant correlation between the duration of the block and the preblock humeral blood flow (Spearman Rho: 0.106; P=.657) or the postblock humeral blood flow (Spearman Rho: 0.267; P=.254). The duration of the axillary block with 1.5% mepivacaine in patients with chronic renal failure was similar to that of the control patients. The duration of axillary brachial plexus block seems not to be related to changes in regional blood flow. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

A Catalog of NASA Special Publications

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

Properties and Mollier Perfect Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Chart for Hydrogen From 300 K to Mixtures 20 000 K Wt’. P. Peterson R. F. Kubin, L. L. Presley...human per- Avail NTIS 1964 formance. NASA SP-3006 Equilibrium Thermodynamic Properties N73-15091 938 pp of Carbon Dioxide Avail GPO 1973 H. E. Bailey...N64-25017 4 27 pp Avail GPO 1964 39 Charts for Equilibrium Flow Properties Equilibrium Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide in Hypervelocity of

Depreciation Accounting in the Uniform Chart of Accounts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

footage of building occupied. Reason( s ) for Compute full cost of Rate setting, cash accounting for patient care flow generation and fund- depreciation ing... Horngren , Charles T., Cost Accounting ; A Managerial Emphasis, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1972. 32. Sawyer, Lawrence B., The Practice of Modern Internal Auditing...Awd ubtlft) S . TYPE or RE PORT a PE*IoO CovIERWO Master’s Thesis; Depreciation Accounting in the Uniform Dembr18 Chart of Accounts .PSOiwON.EORlumm

Principal component analysis for the early detection of mastitis and lameness in dairy cows.

PubMed

Miekley, Bettina; Traulsen, Imke; Krieter, Joachim

2013-08-01

This investigation analysed the applicability of principal component analysis (PCA), a latent variable method, for the early detection of mastitis and lameness. Data used were recorded on the Karkendamm dairy research farm between August 2008 and December 2010. For mastitis and lameness detection, data of 338 and 315 cows in their first 200 d in milk were analysed, respectively. Mastitis as well as lameness were specified according to veterinary treatments. Diseases were defined as disease blocks. The different definitions used (two for mastitis, three for lameness) varied solely in the sequence length of the blocks. Only the days before the treatment were included in the blocks. Milk electrical conductivity, milk yield and feeding patterns (feed intake, number of feeding visits and time at the trough) were used for recognition of mastitis. Pedometer activity and feeding patterns were utilised for lameness detection. To develop and verify the PCA model, the mastitis and the lameness datasets were divided into training and test datasets. PCA extracted uncorrelated principle components (PC) by linear transformations of the raw data so that the first few PCs captured most of the variations in the original dataset. For process monitoring and disease detection, these resulting PCs were applied to the Hotelling's T 2 chart and to the residual control chart. The results show that block sensitivity of mastitis detection ranged from 77·4 to 83·3%, whilst specificity was around 76·7%. The error rates were around 98·9%. For lameness detection, the block sensitivity ranged from 73·8 to 87·8% while the obtained specificities were between 54·8 and 61·9%. The error rates varied from 87·8 to 89·2%. In conclusion, PCA seems to be not yet transferable into practical usage. Results could probably be improved if different traits and more informative sensor data are included in the analysis.

A new estimation of equivalent matrix block sizes in fractured media with two-phase flow applications in dual porosity models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jerbi, Chahir; Fourno, André; Noetinger, Benoit; Delay, Frederick

2017-05-01

Single and multiphase flows in fractured porous media at the scale of natural reservoirs are often handled by resorting to homogenized models that avoid the heavy computations associated with a complete discretization of both fractures and matrix blocks. For example, the two overlapping continua (fractures and matrix) of a dual porosity system are coupled by way of fluid flux exchanges that deeply condition flow at the large scale. This characteristic is a key to realistic flow simulations, especially for multiphase flow as capillary forces and contrasts of fluid mobility compete in the extraction of a fluid from a capacitive matrix then conveyed through the fractures. The exchange rate between fractures and matrix is conditioned by the so-called mean matrix block size which can be viewed as the size of a single matrix block neighboring a single fracture within a mesh of a dual porosity model. We propose a new evaluation of this matrix block size based on the analysis of discrete fracture networks. The fundaments rely upon establishing at the scale of a fractured block the equivalence between the actual fracture network and a Warren and Root network only made of three regularly spaced fracture families parallel to the facets of the fractured block. The resulting matrix block sizes are then compared via geometrical considerations and two-phase flow simulations to the few other available methods. It is shown that the new method is stable in the sense it provides accurate sizes irrespective of the type of fracture network investigated. The method also results in two-phase flow simulations from dual porosity models very close to that from references calculated in finely discretized networks. Finally, calculations of matrix block sizes by this new technique reveal very rapid, which opens the way to cumbersome applications such as preconditioning a dual porosity approach applied to regional fractured reservoirs.

Fuel control for gas turbine engines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stearns, C.F.; Tutherly, H.W.

1983-12-27

The basic gas turbine engine hydromechanical fuel control is adaptable to different engine configurations such as turbofan, turboprop and turboshaft engines by incorporating in the main housing those elements having a commonality to all engine configurations and providing a removable block for each configuration having the necessary control elements and flow passages required for that particular configuration. That is to say, a block with the elements peculiar to a turbofan engine could be replaced by a mating block that includes those elements peculiar to a turboshaft engine in adapting the control for a turboshaft configuration. Similarly another block with thosemore » elements peculiar to a turboprop engine could replace any of the other blocks in adapting the control to a turboprop configuration. Obviously the basic control has the necessary flow passages terminating at the interface with the block and these flow passages mate with corresponding passages in the block.« less

Atmospheric Blocking and Intercomparison of Objective Detection Methods: Flow Field Characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pinheiro, M. C.; Ullrich, P. A.; Grotjahn, R.

2017-12-01

A number of objective methods for identifying and quantifying atmospheric blocking have been developed over the last couple of decades, but there is variable consensus on the resultant blocking climatology. This project examines blocking climatologies as produced by three different methods: two anomaly-based methods, and the geopotential height gradient method of Tibaldi and Molteni (1990). The results highlight the differences in blocking that arise from the choice of detection method, with emphasis on the physical characteristics of the flow field and the subsequent effects on the blocking patterns that emerge.

Computational analysis of electrokinetically driven flow mixing in microchannels with patterned blocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, C.-C.; Yang, R.-J.

2004-04-01

Electroosmotic flow in microchannels is restricted to low Reynolds number regimes characterized by extremely weak inertia forces and laminar flow. Consequently, the mixing of different species occurs primarily through diffusion, and hence cannot readily be achieved within a short mixing channel. The current study presents a numerical investigation of electrokinetically driven flow mixing in microchannels with various numbers of incorporated patterned rectangular blocks. Furthermore, a novel approach is introduced which patterns heterogeneous surfaces on the upper faces of these rectangular blocks in order to enhance species mixing. The simulation results confirm that the introduction of rectangular blocks within the mixing channel slightly enhances species mixing by constricting the bulk flow, hence creating a stronger diffusion effect. However, it is noted that a large number of blocks and hence a long mixing channel are required if a complete mixing of the species is to be obtained. The results also indicate that patterning heterogeneous upper surfaces on the rectangular blocks is an effective means of enhancing the species mixing. It is shown that increasing the magnitude of the heterogeneous surface zeta potential enables a reduction in the mixing channel length and an improved degree of mixing efficiency.

[3-channels data acquisition system based on single-chip-microcomputer used in the measurement of coronary sinus blood flow].

PubMed

Li, Z; Fan, Y; Chen, G

1999-07-01

The coronary sinus blood flow can be figured out, which based on the principle of thermodilution, so long as gets the temperature of blood, indicator and mixture of blood and indicator respectively. This system is a smart slave module with single-chip-microcomputer. The structure and principles of hardware and the flow chart of software are described in detail.

Modifications of the U.S. Geological Survey modular, finite-difference, ground-water flow model to read and write geographic information system files

USGS Publications Warehouse

Orzol, Leonard L.; McGrath, Timothy S.

1992-01-01

This report documents modifications to the U.S. Geological Survey modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model, commonly called MODFLOW, so that it can read and write files used by a geographic information system (GIS). The modified model program is called MODFLOWARC. Simulation programs such as MODFLOW generally require large amounts of input data and produce large amounts of output data. Viewing data graphically, generating head contours, and creating or editing model data arrays such as hydraulic conductivity are examples of tasks that currently are performed either by the use of independent software packages or by tedious manual editing, manipulating, and transferring data. Programs such as GIS programs are commonly used to facilitate preparation of the model input data and analyze model output data; however, auxiliary programs are frequently required to translate data between programs. Data translations are required when different programs use different data formats. Thus, the user might use GIS techniques to create model input data, run a translation program to convert input data into a format compatible with the ground-water flow model, run the model, run a translation program to convert the model output into the correct format for GIS, and use GIS to display and analyze this output. MODFLOWARC, avoids the two translation steps and transfers data directly to and from the ground-water-flow model. This report documents the design and use of MODFLOWARC and includes instructions for data input/output of the Basic, Block-centered flow, River, Recharge, Well, Drain, Evapotranspiration, General-head boundary, and Streamflow-routing packages. The modification to MODFLOW and the Streamflow-Routing package was minimized. Flow charts and computer-program code describe the modifications to the original computer codes for each of these packages. Appendix A contains a discussion on the operation of MODFLOWARC using a sample problem.

An interdisciplinary study of the estuarine and coastal oceanography of Block Island Sound and adjacent New York coastal waters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yost, E. (Principal Investigator)

1972-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. The synoptic repetitive coverage of the multispectral imagery from the ERTS-1 satellite, when photographically reprocessed using the state-of-the-art techniques, has given indication of spectral differences in Block Island and adjacent New England waters which were heretofore unknown. Of particular interest was the possible detection of relatively small amounts of phytoplankton prior to the occurrence of the red tide in Massachusetts waters. Preparation of spatial and temporal hydrographic charts using ERTS-1 imagery and ground truth analysis will hopefully determine the environmental impact on New York coastal waters.

Equations and charts for the rapid estimation of hinge-moment and effectiveness parameters for trailing-edge controls having leading and trailing edges swept ahead of the Mach lines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goin, Kennith L

1951-01-01

Existing conical-flow solutions have been used to calculate the hinge-moments and effectiveness parameters of trailing-edge controls having leading and trailing edges swept ahead of the Mach lines and having streamwise root and tip chords. Equations and detailed charts are presented for the rapid estimation of these parameters. Also included is an approximate method by which these parameters may be corrected for airfoil-section thickness.

Flank collapse at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, recorded by volcanic mass-flow deposits in the Copper River lowland

USGS Publications Warehouse

Waythomas, C.F.; Wallace, K.L.

2002-01-01

An areally extensive volcanic mass-flow deposit of Pleistocene age, known as the Chetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit, is a prominent and visually striking deposit in the southeastern Copper River lowland of south-central Alaska. The mass-flow deposit consists of a diverse mixture of colorful, variably altered volcanic rocks, lahar deposits, glaciolacustrine diamicton, and till that record a major flank collapse on the southwest flank of Mount Wrangell. The deposit is well exposed near its presumed source, and thick, continuous, stratigraphic exposures have permitted us to study its sedimentary characteristics as a means of better understanding the origin, significance, and evolution of the deposit. Deposits of the Chetaslina volcanic mass flow in the Chetaslina River drainage are primary debris-avalanche deposits and consist of two principal facies types, a near-source block facies and a distal mixed facies. The block facies is composed entirely of block-supported, shattered and fractured blocks with individual blocks up to 40 m in diameter. The mixed facies consists of block-sized particles in a matrix of poorly sorted rock rubble, sand, and silt generated by the comminution of larger blocks. Deposits of the Chetaslina volcanic mass flow exposed along the Copper, Tonsina, and Chitina rivers are debris-flow deposits that evolved from the debris-avalanche component of the flow and from erosion and entrainment of local glacial and glaciolacustrine diamicton in the Copper River lowland. The debris-flow deposits were probably generated through mixing of the distal debris avalanche with the ancestral Copper River, or through breaching of a debris-avalanche dam across the ancestral river. The distribution of facies types and major-element chemistry of clasts in the deposit indicate that its source was an ancestral volcanic edifice, informally known as the Chetaslina vent, on the southwest side of Mount Wrangell. A major sector collapse of the Chetaslina vent initiated the Chetaslina volcanic mass flow forming a debris avalanche of about 4 km3 that subsequently transformed to a debris flow of unknown volume.

A methodology for post-EIS (environmental impact statement) monitoring

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marcus, Linda Graves

1979-01-01

A methodology for monitoring the impacts predicted in environmental impact statements (EIS's) was developed using the EIS on phosphate development in southeastern Idaho as a case study. A monitoring system based on this methodology: (1) coordinates a comprehensive, intergovernmental monitoring effort; (2) documents the major impacts that result, thereby improving the accuracy of impact predictions in future EIS's; (3) helps agencies control impacts by warning them when critical impact levels are reached and by providing feedback on the success of mitigating measures; and (4) limits monitoring data to the essential information that agencies need to carry out their regulatory and environmental protection responsibilities. The methodology is presented as flow charts accompanied by tables that describe the objectives, tasks, and products for each work element in the flow chart.

Table and charts of equilibrium normal-shock and shock-tube properties for pure carbon dioxide with velocities from 1 to 16 km/sec

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1976-01-01

Equilibrium thermodynamic and flow properties are presented in tabulated and graphical form for moving, standing, and reflected normal shock waves in pure CO2. Properties include pressure, temperature, density, enthalpy, speed of sound, entropy, molecular weight ratio, isentropic exponent, velocity, and species mole fractions. Incident (moving) shock velocities are varied from 1 to 16 km/sec for a range of initial pressure of 5 N/sq m to 500 kN/sq m. The present results are applicable to shock tube flows and to freeflight conditions for a blunt body at high velocities. Working charts illustrating idealized shock tube performance with CO2 test gas and heated helium and hydrogen driver gases are also presented.

Flow Field Investigations of a Simulated Weapons Cavity at Mach 3.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

AD-Alll 843 ARMO" ENGINEERING. DEVELOPMENT CENTER ARNOLD AFS TN F/9 14/2 FLOW FIELD INVESTIGATIONS OF A SIMULATED WEAPONS CAVITY AT MACN--ETC(U) DEC...TEST CHART .. AEDC-TSR-81-V37 FLOW FIELD INVESTIGATIONS OF A _____SIMULATED WEAPONS CAVITY AT MACH 3 _~W. A. Crosby Calspan Field Services, Inc...TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Final Report FLOW FIELD INVESTIGATIONS OF A SIMULATED WEAPONS 27 October 1981 CAVITY AT MACH 3 6. PERFORMING O1G

Knowledge Representation and Communication: Imparting Current State Information Flow to CPR Stakeholders

PubMed Central

de la Cruz, Norberto B.; Spiece, Leslie J.

2000-01-01

Understanding and communicating the who, what, where, when, why, and how of the clinics and services for which the computerized patient record (CPR) will be built is an integral part of the implementation process. Formal methodologies have been developed to diagram information flow -- flow charts, state-transition diagram (STDs), data flow diagrams (DFDs). For documentation of the processes at our ambulatory CPR pilot site, flowcharting was selected as the preferred method based upon its versatility and understandability.

Feedback systems for nontraditional medicines: a case for the signal flow diagram.

PubMed

Tice, B S

1998-11-01

The signal flow diagram is a graphic method used to represent complex data that is found in the field of biology and hence the field of medicine. The signal flow diagram is analyzed against a table of data and a flow chart of data and evaluated on the clarity and simplicity of imparting this information. The data modeled is from previous clinical studies and nontraditional medicine from Africa, China, and South America. This report is a development from previous presentations of the signal flow diagram.1-4

The Environmental Heat Flux Routine, Version 4 (EHFR-4) and Multiple Reflections Routine (MRR). Volume 2: Programmers reference manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dietz, J. B.

1973-01-01

The EHFR program reference information which is presented consists of the following subprogram detailed data: purpose-description of the routine, a list of the calling programs, an argument list description, nomenclature definition, flow charts, and a compilation listing of each subprogram. Each of the EHFR subprograms were developed specifically for this routine and do not have an applicability of a general nature. Single precision accuracy available on the Univac 1108 is used exclusively in all but two of the 31 EHFR subprograms. The double precision variables required are identified in the nomenclature definition of the two subprograms that require them. A concise definition of the purpose, function, and capabilities is made in the subprogram description. The description references the appropriate Volume 1 sections of the report which contain the applicable detailed definitions, governing equations, and assumptions used. The compilation listing of each subprogram defines the program/data storage requirements, identifies the labeled block common data required, and identifies other subprograms called during execution. For Vol. 1, see N73-31842.

An incremental block-line-Gauss-Seidel method for the Navier-Stokes equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Napolitano, M.; Walters, R. W.

1985-01-01

A block-line-Gauss-Seidel (LGS) method is developed for solving the incompressible and compressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions. The method requires only one block-tridiagonal solution process per iteration and is consequently faster per step than the linearized block-ADI methods. Results are presented for both incompressible and compressible separated flows: in all cases the proposed block-LGS method is more efficient than the block-ADI methods. Furthermore, for high Reynolds number weakly separated incompressible flow in a channel, which proved to be an impossible task for a block-ADI method, solutions have been obtained very efficiently by the new scheme.

Deployable Emergency Shutoff Device Blocks High-Velocity Fluid Flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nabors, Sammy A.

2015-01-01

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a device and method for blocking the flow of fluid from an open pipe. Motivated by the sea-bed oil-drilling catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, NASA innovators designed the device to plug, control, and meter the flow of gases and liquids. Anchored with friction fittings, spikes, or explosively activated fasteners, the device is well-suited for harsh environments and high fluid velocities and pressures. With the addition of instrumentation, it can also be used as a variable area flow metering valve that can be set based upon flow conditions. With robotic additions, this patent-pending innovation can be configured to crawl into a pipe then anchor and activate itself to block or control fluid flow.

Tug fleet and ground operations schedules and controls. Volume 2: Part 3, appendixes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A space tug function description data sheet is prepared for each block of the space tug functional flow diagram. A summary of the basic information regarding the activities performed in its respective functional block is provided. The sheets are catalogued by functional flow block numbers with reference blocks at the end. The specific items of information contained in each data sheet are defined.

Radio-tracer techniques for the study of flow in saturated porous materials

USGS Publications Warehouse

Skibitzke, H.E.; Chapman, H.T.; Robinson, G.M.; McCullough, Richard A.

1961-01-01

An experiment was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to determine the feasibility of using a radioactive substance as a tracer in the study of microscopic flow in a saturated porous solid. A radioactive tracer was chosen in preference to dye or other chemical in order to eliminate effects of the tracer itself on the flow system such as those relating to density, viscosity and surface tension. The porous solid was artificial "sandstone" composed of uniform fine grains of sand bonded together with an epoxy adhesive. The sides of the block thus made were sealed with an epoxy coating compound to insure water-tightness. Because of the chemical inertness of the block it was possible to use radioactive phosphorus (P32). Ion-exchange equilibrium was created between the block and nonradioactive phosphoric acid. Then a tracer tagged with P32 was injected into the block in the desired geometric configuration, in this case, a line source. After equilibrium in isotopic exchange was reached between the block and the line source, the block was rinsed, drained and sawn into slices. It was found that a quantitative analysis of the flow system may be made by assaying the dissected block. ?? 1961.

The CMC/3DPNS computer program for prediction of three-dimensional, subsonic, turbulent aerodynamic juncture region flow. Volume 3: Programmers' manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orzechowski, J. A.

1982-01-01

The CMC fluid mechanics program system was developed to transmit the theoretical evolution of finite element numerical solution methodology, applied to nonlinear field problems into a versatile computer code for comprehensive flow field analysis. A detailed view of the code from the standpoint of a computer programmer's use is presented. A system macroflow chart and detailed flow charts of several routines necessary to interact with a theoretican/user to modify the operation of this program are presented. All subroutines and details of usage, primarily for input and output routines are described. Integer and real scalars and a cross reference list denoting subroutine usage for these scalars are outlined. Entry points in dynamic storage vector IZ; the lengths of each vector accompanying the scalar definitions are described. A listing of the routines peculiar to the standard test case and a listing of the input deck and printout for this case are included.

Hemorrhoid surgery

MedlinePlus

... a small rubber band around a hemorrhoid to shrink it by blocking blood flow. Stapling a hemorrhoid to block blood flow, causing it to shrink. Using a knife (scalpel) to remove hemorrhoids. You ...

40 CFR 161.162 - Description of production process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PESTICIDES Product Chemistry Data Requirements...) A flow chart of the chemical equations of each intended reaction occurring at each step of the...

Experimental investigation and CFD analysis on cross flow in the core of PMR200

DOE PAGES

Lee, Jeong -Hun; Yoon, Su -Jong; Cho, Hyoung -Kyu; ...

2015-04-16

The Prismatic Modular Reactor (PMR) is one of the major Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) concepts, which consists of hexagonal prismatic fuel blocks and reflector blocks made of nuclear gradegraphite. However, the shape of the graphite blocks could be easily changed by neutron damage duringthe reactor operation and the shape change can create gaps between the blocks inducing the bypass flow.In the VHTR core, two types of gaps, a vertical gap and a horizontal gap which are called bypass gap and cross gap, respectively, can be formed. The cross gap complicates the flow field in the reactor core by connectingmore » the coolant channel to the bypass gap and it could lead to a loss of effective coolant flow in the fuel blocks. Thus, a cross flow experimental facility was constructed to investigate the cross flow phenomena in the core of the VHTR and a series of experiments were carried out under varying flow rates and gap sizes. The results of the experiments were compared with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis results in order to verify its prediction capability for the cross flow phenomena. Fairly good agreement was seen between experimental results and CFD predictions and the local characteristics of the cross flow was discussed in detail. Based on the calculation results, pressure loss coefficient across the cross gap was evaluated, which is necessary for the thermo-fluid analysis of the VHTR core using a lumped parameter code.« less

A new lumped-parameter model for flow in unsaturated dual-porosity media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zimmerman, Robert W.; Hadgu, Teklu; Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S.

A new lumped-parameter approach to simulating unsaturated flow processes in dual-porosity media such as fractured rocks or aggregated soils is presented. Fluid flow between the fracture network and the matrix blocks is described by a non-linear equation that relates the imbibition rate to the local difference in liquid-phase pressure between the fractures and the matrix blocks. Unlike a Warren-Root-type equation, this equation is accurate in both the early and late time regimes. The fracture/matrix interflow equation has been incorporated into an existing unsaturated flow simulator, to serve as a source/sink term for fracture gridblocks. Flow processes are then simulated usingmore » only fracture gridblocks in the computational grid. This new lumped-parameter approach has been tested on two problems involving transient flow in fractured/porous media, and compared with simulations performed using explicit discretization of the matrix blocks. The new procedure seems to accurately simulate flow processes in unsaturated fractured rocks, and typically requires an order of magnitude less computational time than do simulations using fully-discretized matrix blocks. [References: 37]« less

Domain modeling and grid generation for multi-block structured grids with application to aerodynamic and hydrodynamic configurations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spekreijse, S. P.; Boerstoel, J. W.; Vitagliano, P. L.; Kuyvenhoven, J. L.

1992-01-01

About five years ago, a joint development was started of a flow simulation system for engine-airframe integration studies on propeller as well as jet aircraft. The initial system was based on the Euler equations and made operational for industrial aerodynamic design work. The system consists of three major components: a domain modeller, for the graphical interactive subdivision of flow domains into an unstructured collection of blocks; a grid generator, for the graphical interactive computation of structured grids in blocks; and a flow solver, for the computation of flows on multi-block grids. The industrial partners of the collaboration and NLR have demonstrated that the domain modeller, grid generator and flow solver can be applied to simulate Euler flows around complete aircraft, including propulsion system simulation. Extension to Navier-Stokes flows is in progress. Delft Hydraulics has shown that both the domain modeller and grid generator can also be applied successfully for hydrodynamic configurations. An overview is given about the main aspects of both domain modelling and grid generation.

Resource impact factor (RIF) approach to optimal use of energy resources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, R.R.

1976-10-01

A concept called the Resource Impact Factor (RIF) is presented as a means to quantify the social value of energy resources for buildings. The flow of various raw resources from the point of extraction to the building project boundary is shown, and a flow chart indicating the decision making process is given. (PMA)

Space bioreactor: Design/process flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cross, John H.

1987-01-01

The design of the space bioreactor stems from three considerations. First, and foremost, it must sustain cells in microgravity. Closely related is the ability to take advantage of the weightlessness and microgravity. Lastly, it should fit into a bioprocess. The design of the space bioreactor is described in view of these considerations. A flow chart of the bioreactor is presented and discussed.

Duct flow nonuniformities: Effect of struts in SSME HGM II(+)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burke, Roger

1988-01-01

A numerical study, using the INS3D flow solver, of laminar and turbulent flow around a two dimensional strut, and three dimensional flow around a strut in an annulus is presented. A multi-block procedure was used to calculate two dimensional laminar flow around two struts in parallel, with each strut represented by one computational block. Single block calculations were performed for turbulent flow around a two dimensional strut, using a Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model to parameterize the turbulent shear stresses. A modified Baldwin-Lomax model was applied to the case of a three dimensional strut in an annulus. The results displayed the essential features of wing-body flows, including the presence of a horseshoe vortex system at the junction of the strut and the lower annulus surface. A similar system was observed at the upper annulus surface. The test geometries discussed were useful in developing the capability to perform multiblock calculations, and to simulate turbulent flow around obstructions located between curved walls. Both of these skills will be necessary to model the three dimensional flow in the strut assembly of the SSME. Work is now in progress on performing a three dimensional two block turbulent calculation of the flow in the turnaround duct (TAD) and strut/fuel bowl juncture region.

Dr. Quincy, Move Over!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, David H.

1988-01-01

Introduces a life science classroom activity for developing a knowledge of the human skeletal system, environmental poisoning, and bone growth pattern. Provides the situation, an organizational flow chart, relevant information materials, and directions. (YP)

Association between hospital size and quality improvement for pharmaceutical services.

PubMed

Nau, David P; Garber, Mathew C; Lipowski, Earlene E; Stevenson, James G

2004-01-15

The relationship between hospital size and quality improvement (QI) for pharmaceutical services was studied. A questionnaire on QI was sent to hospital pharmacy directors in Michigan and Florida in 2002. The questionnaire included items on QI lead-team composition, QI tools, QI training, and QI culture. Usable responses were received from 162 (57%) of 282 pharmacy directors. Pharmacy QI lead teams were present in 57% of institutions, with larger teams in large hospitals (> or = 300 patients). Only two QI tools were used by a majority of hospitals: root-cause analysis (62%) and flow charts (66%). Small hospitals (< 50 patients) were less likely than medium-sized hospitals (50-299 patients) and large hospitals to use several QI tools, including control charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, root-cause analysis, flow charts, and histograms. Large hospitals were more likely than small and medium-sized hospitals to use root-cause analysis and control charts. There was no relationship between hospital size and the frequency with which physician or patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services was measured. There were no differences in QI training or QI culture across hospital size categories. A survey suggested that a majority of hospital pharmacies in Michigan and Florida have begun to adopt QI techniques but that most are not using rigorous QI tools. Pharmacies in large hospitals had more QI lead-team members and were more likely to use certain QI tools, but there was no relationship between hospital size and satisfaction measurements, QI training, or QI culture.

Mobility Research and Development (Briefing charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-17

Mobility Research & Development Dr. Paramsothy Jayakumar, STE, Analytics Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center Research...Mobility Model (NRMM) • Dr. M. G. Bekker of TARDEC is the “Father of Terrain-Vehicle Systems ” • NRMM was developed in 1960-70 by TARDEC and ERDC...Blocks: Scaled Experiments Particle Image Velocimetry Pressure – Sinkage Test Direct Shear Test Simulations Single Wheel Test Plate width = 50 mm

Dynamic Pressure Impulse for Near-Ideal and Non-Ideal Blast Waves -- Height of Burst Charts

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-15

identI by block numiber) FIELD JGROUP ISUIS4NOUP Nucler Weapons Effects Dynamic Pressure Impulse IB 1 3 1Airblast (Nuclear) Height of Burst 1 1 4...impulse versus displacement and vice versa. The power func- tions were used to separately fit the data for the WWII and the M38A1 1/4 ton trucks

ROMPS critical design review. Volume 3: Furnace module design documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dobbs, M. E.

1992-01-01

As part of the furnace module design documentation, the furnace module Easylab programs definitions and command variables are described. Also included are Easylab commands flow charts and fault conditions.

Pre-test CFD Calculations for a Bypass Flow Standard Problem

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rich Johnson

The bypass flow in a prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is the flow that occurs between adjacent graphite blocks. Gaps exist between blocks due to variances in their manufacture and installation and because of the expansion and shrinkage of the blocks from heating and irradiation. Although the temperature of fuel compacts and graphite is sensitive to the presence of bypass flow, there is great uncertainty in the level and effects of the bypass flow. The Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) program at the Idaho National Laboratory has undertaken to produce experimental data of isothermal bypass flow between three adjacentmore » graphite blocks. These data are intended to provide validation for computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses of the bypass flow. Such validation data sets are called Standard Problems in the nuclear safety analysis field. Details of the experimental apparatus as well as several pre-test calculations of the bypass flow are provided. Pre-test calculations are useful in examining the nature of the flow and to see if there are any problems associated with the flow and its measurement. The apparatus is designed to be able to provide three different gap widths in the vertical direction (the direction of the normal coolant flow) and two gap widths in the horizontal direction. It is expected that the vertical bypass flow will range from laminar to transitional to turbulent flow for the different gap widths that will be available.« less

Early Grades Ideas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Classroom Computer Learning, 1984

1984-01-01

Five computer-oriented classroom activities are suggested. They include: Logo programming to help students develop estimation, logic and spatial skills; creating flow charts; inputting data; making snowflakes using Logo; and developing and using a database management program. (JN)

16 CFR 1211.5 - General testing parameters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... condition flow chart shown in figure 1 shall be used: (1) To conduct a failure-mode and effect analysis (FMEA); (2) In investigating the performance during the Environmental Stress Tests; and (3) During the...

Possible Aural Activities in the Listening Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhiqian, Wu

1989-01-01

Some aural activities are described that can help language students with their listening comprehension. They include dictation, a "who am I?" exercise, sketch-drawing, chart completion, a comparison exercise, and a flow diagram. (LB)

Paper to Electronic Questionnaires: Effects on Structured Questionnaire Forms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trujillo, Anna C.

2009-01-01

With the use of computers, paper questionnaires are being replaced by electronic questionnaires. The formats of traditional paper questionnaires have been found to effect a subject's rating. Consequently, the transition from paper to electronic format can subtly change results. The research presented begins to determine how electronic questionnaire formats change subjective ratings. For formats where subjects used a flow chart to arrive at their rating, starting at the worst and middle ratings of the flow charts were the most accurate but subjects took slightly more time to arrive at their answers. Except for the electronic paper format, starting at the worst rating was the most preferred. The paper and electronic paper versions had the worst accuracy. Therefore, for flowchart type of questionnaires, flowcharts should start at the worst rating and work their way up to better ratings.

Fundamental aerodynamic characteristics of delta wings with leading-edge vortex flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, R. M.; Miller, D. S.

1985-01-01

An investigation of the aerodynamics of sharp leading-edge delta wings at supersonic speeds has been conducted. The supporting experimental data for this investigation were taken from published force, pressure, and flow-visualization data in which the Mach number normal to the wing leading edge is always less than 1.0. The individual upper- and lower-surface nonlinear characteristics for uncambered delta wings are determined and presented in three charts. The upper-surface data show that both the normal-force coefficient and minimum pressure coefficient increase nonlinearly with a decreasing slope with increasing angle of attack. The lower-surface normal-force coefficient was shown to be independent of Mach number and to increase nonlinearly, with an increasing slope, with increasing angle of attack. These charts are then used to define a wing-design space for sharp leading-edge delta wings.

Tables and charts of equilibrium normal shock and shock tube solutions for pure CO2 with velocities to 16 km/second

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1974-01-01

Equilibrium thermodynamic and flow properties are presented in tabulated and graphical form for moving, standing, and reflected normal shock waves in pure CO2, representative of Mars and Venus atmospheres. Properties include pressure, temperature, density, enthalpy, speed of sound, entropy, molecular weight ratio, isentropic exponent, velocity and species mole fractions. Incident (moving) shock velocities are varied from 1 to 16 km/sec for a range of initial pressure of 5 Newtons per square meter to 500 kilo Newtons per square meter. The present results are applicable to shock tube flows, and to free-flight conditions for a blunt body at high velocities. Working charts illustrating idealized shock-tube performance with CO2 test gas and heated helium and hydrogen driver gases are also presented.

Mantle heat flow and thermal structure of the northern block of Southern Granulite Terrain, India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manglik, Ajay

2006-07-01

Continental shield regions are normally characterized by low-to-moderate mantle heat flow. Archaean Dharwar craton of the Indian continental shield also follows the similar global pattern. However, some recent studies have inferred significantly higher mantle heat flow for the Proterozoic northern block of Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) in the immediate vicinity of the Dharwar craton by assuming that the radiogenic elements depleted exposed granulites constitute the 45-km-thick crust. In this study, we use four-layered model of the crustal structure revealed by integrated geophysical studies along a geo-transect in this region to estimate the mantle heat flow. The results indicate that: (i) the mantle heat flow of the northern block of SGT is 17 ± 2 mW/m 2, supporting the global pattern, and (ii) the lateral variability of 10-12 mW/m 2 in the surface heat flow within the block is of crustal origin. In terms of temperature, the Moho beneath the eastern Salem-Namakkal region appears to be at 80-100 °C higher temperature than that beneath the western Avinashi region.

Amphiphilic block copolymer membrane for vanadium redox flow battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Fei; Sylvia, James M.; Jacob, Monsy M.; Peramunage, Dharmasena

2013-11-01

An amphiphilic block copolymer comprised of hydrophobic polyaryletherketone (PAEK) and hydrophilic sulfonated polyaryletherketone (SPAEK) blocks has been synthesized and characterized. A membrane prepared from the block copolymer is used as the separator in a single cell vanadium redox flow battery (VRB). The proton conductivity, mechanical property, VO2+ permeability and single VRB cell performance of this block copolymer membrane are investigated and compared to Nafion™ 117. The block copolymer membrane showed significantly improved vanadium ion selectivity, higher mechanical strength and lower conductivity than Nafion™ 117. The VRB containing the block copolymer membrane exhibits higher coulombic efficiency and similar energy efficiency compared to a VRB using Nafion™ 117. The better vanadium ion selectivity of the block copolymer membrane has led to a much smaller capacity loss during 50 charge-discharge cycles for the VRB.

Ice/water slurry blocking phenomenon at a tube orifice.

PubMed

Hirochi, Takero; Yamada, Shuichi; Shintate, Tuyoshi; Shirakashi, Masataka

2002-10-01

The phenomenon of ice-particle/water mixture blocking flow through a pipeline is a problem that needs to be solved before mixture flow can be applied for practical use in cold energy transportation in a district cooling system. In this work, the blocking mechanism of ice-particle slurry at a tube orifice is investigated and a criterion for blocking is presented. The cohesive nature of ice particles is shown to cause compressed plug type blocking and the compressive yield stress of a particle cluster is presented as a measure for the cohesion strength of ice particles.

Laparoscopic-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks in the pediatric population: a novel technique with comparison to ultrasound-guided blocks and local wound infiltration alone.

PubMed

Landmann, Alessandra; Visoiu, Mihaela; Malek, Marcus M

2018-03-01

Abdominal wall nerve blocks have been gaining popularity for the treatment of perioperative pain in children. Our aim was to compare a technique of surgeon-performed, laparoscopic abdominal wall nerve blocks to anesthesia-placed, ultrasound-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks and the current standard of local wound infiltration. After institutional review board approval was obtained, a retrospective chart review was performed of pediatric patients treated at a single institution during a 2-year period. Statistics were calculated using analysis of variance with post-hoc Bonferonni t tests for pair-wise comparisons. Included in this study were 380 patients who received ultrasound-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks (n = 125), laparoscopic-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks (n = 88), and local wound infiltration (n = 117). Groups were well matched for age, sex, and weight. There was no significant difference in pain scores within the first 8 hours or narcotic usage between groups. Local wound infiltration demonstrated the shortest overall time required to perform (P < .0001). Patients who received a surgeon-performed abdominal wall nerve block demonstrated a shorter duration of hospital stay when compared to the other groups (P = .02). Our study has demonstrated that laparoscopic-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks show similar efficacy to ultrasound-guided nerve blocks performed by pain management physicians without increasing time in the operating room. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A simulation model for wind energy storage systems. Volume 3: Program descriptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warren, A. W.; Edsinger, R. W.; Burroughs, J. D.

1977-01-01

Program descriptions, flow charts, and program listings for the SIMWEST model generation program, the simulation program, the file maintenance program, and the printer plotter program are given. For Vol 2, see .

Enhancements to the GRIDGEN structured grid generation system for internal and external flow applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steinbrenner, John P.; Chawner, John R.

1992-01-01

GRIDGEN is a government domain software package for interactive generation of multiple block grids around general configurations. Though it has been freely available since 1989, it has not been widely embraced by the internal flow community due to a misconception that it was designed for external flow use only. In reality GRIDGEN has always worked for internal flow applications, and GRIDGEN ongoing enhancements are increasing the quality of and efficiency with which grids for external and internal flow problems may be constructed. The software consists of four codes used to perform the four steps of the grid generation process. GRIDBLOCK is first used to decompose the flow domain into a collection of component blocks and then to establish interblock connections and flow solver boundary conditions. GRIDGEN2D is then used to generate surface grids on the outer shell of each component block. GRIDGEN3D generates grid points on the interior of each block, and finally GRIDVUE3D is used to inspect the resulting multiple block grid. Three of these codes (GRIDBLOCK, GRIDGEN2D, and GRIDVUE3D) are highly interactive and graphical in nature, and currently run on Silicon Graphics, Inc., and IBM RS/6000 workstations. The lone batch code (GRIDGEN3D) may be run on any of several Unix based platforms. Surface grid generation in GRIDGEN2D is being improved with the addition of higher order surface definitions (NURBS and parametric surfaces input in IGES format and bicubic surfaces input in PATRAN Neutral File format) and double precision mathematics. In addition, two types of automation have been added to GRIDGEN2D that reduce the learning curve slope for new users and eliminate work for experienced users. Volume grid generation using GRIDGEN3D has been improved via the addition of an advanced hybrid control function formulation that provides both orthogonality and clustering control at the block faces and clustering control on the block interior.

Blocking Mechanism Study of Self-Compacting Concrete Based on Discrete Element Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xuan; Li, Zhida; Zhang, Zhihua

2017-11-01

In order to study the influence factors of blocking mechanism of Self-Compaction Concrete (SCC), Roussel’s granular blocking model was verified and extended by establishing the discrete element model of SCC. The influence of different parameters on the filling capacity and blocking mechanism of SCC were also investigated. The results showed that: it was feasible to simulate the blocking mechanism of SCC by using Discrete Element Method (DEM). The passing ability of pebble aggregate was superior to the gravel aggregate and the passing ability of hexahedron particles was bigger than tetrahedron particles, while the tetrahedron particle simulation results were closer to the actual situation. The flow of SCC as another significant factor affected the passing ability that with the flow increased, the passing ability increased. The correction coefficient λ of the steel arrangement (channel section shape) and flow rate γ in the block model were introduced that the value of λ was 0.90-0.95 and the maximum casting rate was 7.8 L/min.

A Brain-Machine-Brain Interface for Rewiring of Cortical Circuitry after Traumatic Brain Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

cerebral cortex of a rat’s brain. The flow chart for spike discrimination algorithm is also shown. Negative threshold level (not shown in bottom left...portion of the transistor drain current can flow into its bulk due to impact ionization effect [40], greatly degrading the output impedance of the...current source. This can be solved by connecting the bulk and source of together, as also seen in Fig. 4, allowing its drain-bulk current to also flow

Glutamate Receptor Aptamers and ALS

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

XXGATC ACC Consensus sequence RNA library Cloning and sequencing SELEX DIAGRAM Fig. 1. (a) Flow chart of SELEX. The library we used for SELEX...recording electrode and placed ~100 µm away from the hole. The linear flow rate of the solution is 1-4 cm/s. An optical fiber through which laser light for...channel recording (26) GluR6Q 1.1 × 104 4.2 × 102 Laser-pulse photolysis (67) 1.0 × 104 4.4 × 102 Fitting (52) 1.0 × 104 Flow measurement (46

Implicit gas-kinetic unified algorithm based on multi-block docking grid for multi-body reentry flows covering all flow regimes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Ao-Ping; Li, Zhi-Hui; Wu, Jun-Lin; Jiang, Xin-Yu

2016-12-01

Based on the previous researches of the Gas-Kinetic Unified Algorithm (GKUA) for flows from highly rarefied free-molecule transition to continuum, a new implicit scheme of cell-centered finite volume method is presented for directly solving the unified Boltzmann model equation covering various flow regimes. In view of the difficulty in generating the single-block grid system with high quality for complex irregular bodies, a multi-block docking grid generation method is designed on the basis of data transmission between blocks, and the data structure is constructed for processing arbitrary connection relations between blocks with high efficiency and reliability. As a result, the gas-kinetic unified algorithm with the implicit scheme and multi-block docking grid has been firstly established and used to solve the reentry flow problems around the multi-bodies covering all flow regimes with the whole range of Knudsen numbers from 10 to 3.7E-6. The implicit and explicit schemes are applied to computing and analyzing the supersonic flows in near-continuum and continuum regimes around a circular cylinder with careful comparison each other. It is shown that the present algorithm and modelling possess much higher computational efficiency and faster converging properties. The flow problems including two and three side-by-side cylinders are simulated from highly rarefied to near-continuum flow regimes, and the present computed results are found in good agreement with the related DSMC simulation and theoretical analysis solutions, which verify the good accuracy and reliability of the present method. It is observed that the spacing of the multi-body is smaller, the cylindrical throat obstruction is greater with the flow field of single-body asymmetrical more obviously and the normal force coefficient bigger. While in the near-continuum transitional flow regime of near-space flying surroundings, the spacing of the multi-body increases to six times of the diameter of the single-body, the interference effects of the multi-bodies tend to be negligible. The computing practice has confirmed that it is feasible for the present method to compute the aerodynamics and reveal flow mechanism around complex multi-body vehicles covering all flow regimes from the gas-kinetic point of view of solving the unified Boltzmann model velocity distribution function equation.

High Fidelity Modeling of Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC) Thrusters (Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-24

Converged Math → Irrelevant Solutions? Validation: Fluids Example Stoke’s Flow MARTIN, SOUSA, TRAN (AFRL/RQRS) DISTRIBUTION A - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE...Convergence Tests Converged Math → Irrelevant Solutions? Must be Aware of Valid Assumption Regions Validation: Fluids Example Stoke’s Flow Potential...AND VALIDATION Verification: Asymptotic Models → Analytical Solutions Yields Exact Convergence Tests Converged Math → Irrelevant Solutions? Must be

Adaptive 3D single-block grids for the computation of viscous flows around wings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hagmeijer, R.; Kok, J.C.

1996-12-31

A robust algorithm for the adaption of a 3D single-block structured grid suitable for the computation of viscous flows around a wing is presented and demonstrated by application to the ONERA M6 wing. The effects of grid adaption on the flow solution and accuracy improvements is analyzed. Reynolds number variations are studied.

Effects of forearm bier block with bretylium on the hemodynamic and metabolic responses to handgrip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, F.; Shoemaker, J. K.; McQuillan, P. M.; Kunselman, A. R.; Smith, M. B.; Yang, Q. X.; Smith, H.; Gray, K.; Sinoway, L. I.

2000-01-01

We tested the hypothesis that a reduction in sympathetic tone to exercising forearm muscle would increase blood flow, reduce muscle acidosis, and attenuate reflex responses. Subjects performed a progressive, four-stage rhythmic handgrip protocol before and after forearm bier block with bretylium as forearm blood flow (Doppler) and metabolic (venous effluent metabolite concentration and (31)P-NMR indexes) and autonomic reflex responses (heart rate, blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve traffic) were measured. Bretylium inhibits the release of norepinephrine at the neurovascular junction. Bier block increased blood flow as well as oxygen consumption in the exercising forearm (P < 0.03 and P < 0.02, respectively). However, despite this increase in flow, venous K(+) release and H(+) release were both increased during exercise (P < 0.002 for both indexes). Additionally, minimal muscle pH measured during the first minute of recovery with NMR was lower after bier block (6.41 +/- 0.08 vs. 6.20 +/- 0.06; P < 0.036, simple effects). Meanwhile, reflex effects were unaffected by the bretylium bier block. The results support the conclusion that sympathetic stimulation to muscle during exercise not only limits muscle blood flow but also appears to limit anaerobiosis and H(+) release, presumably through a preferential recruitment of oxidative fibers.

CALUTRON

DOEpatents

Lawrence, E.O.; Brobeck, W.M.

1959-04-14

ABS>An ion source is described for a calutron especially designed to improve the uniformity of charge vapor flow when the vapor encounters the arc. The inventive feature of the source consists of a specific source block construction wherein heater means prevents condensation from taking place within the block, and a separate vapor generator is supported on the wall of the block by a hollow thimble. The thimble communicates with a bore cavity in the block and the vapor flows therethrough into the cavity and uniformly out a slot along the length of the cavity where the arc discharge is located.

Two coarse pyroclastic flow deposits, northern Mono-Inyo Craters, CA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dennen, R. L.; Bursik, M. I.; Stokes, P. J.; Lagamba, M.; Fontanella, N.; Hintz, A. R.; Jayko, A. S.

2010-12-01

The ~1350 A.D., rhyolitic North Mono eruption, Mono-Inyo Craters, CA, included the extrusion and destruction of Panum Dome and associated clastic deposits. Overlying the tephras of the North Mono sequence, the Panum deposits include a block-and-ash flow (BAF) deposit, covering ~3.5 km2. Blocks within the deposit are typically lithic rhyolite and banded gray micro-vesicular glass, showing white, almost powdery marks ranging from circular to linear in shape. These marks are interpreted as friction marks resulting from collisions between clasts. The deposit also contains bread-crusted obsidians with pressed-in clasts as well as reticulite with a bread-crusted surface texture. Near the centerline of the deposit is a ridge-topping train of jigsaw fractured blocks, often with reddish-orange alteration. One house sized jigsaw block sits upstream of a long, thinning pile of reddish orange debris; this “flow shadow” indicates that the block remained relatively stationary while the block and ash flow continued to propagate around it. The bread-crusted reticulite is most common at proximal localities. It is proposed that the dome destruction included a debris avalanche emplacing the train of jigsaw fractured blocks and creating a topographic high, the block-and-ash flow (the farthest reaching deposit from this event) which flowed around the debris avalanche deposits, and a final “lateral expansion” of a magma foam, creating the reticulite seen concentrated at proximal locations. Another coarse pyroclastic flow (here termed the “lower blast deposit”) underlies the North Mono tephra. It is more obsidian rich and finer grained than the Panum BAF. The lower blast deposit may have originated from Pumice Pit vent, which is now capped with an older dome ~0.5 km southeast of Panum. The lower blast deposit extends farther from the Panum vent than does the Panum BAF deposit, and apparently was mistaken for the Panum BAF deposit by previous workers. Hence the run-out distance of the Panum BAF is smaller than previously reported. Thus, there are multiple, coarse pyroclastic flow-like deposits at the northern end of the Mono-Inyo Craters, reflecting multiple phases of dome destruction. The lower blast deposit is proposed to be a blast event predating the Panum eruption, possibly originating from Pumice Pit. The Panum BAF consists of three main facies, formed by three separate, sequential events. A debris avalanche deposited a train of jigsaw clasts along a narrow path, followed by a block and ash flow that spread material over a wider region. Finally, molten rhyolite was exposed by the earlier events, resulting in rapid foam expansion and creation of a bread crusted reticulite-bearing facies.

DEM study of granular flow around blocks attached to inclined walls

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsu, Joel; Zhou, Zongyan; Pinson, David; Chew, Sheng

2017-06-01

Damage due to intense particle-wall contact in industrial applications can cause severe problems in industries such as mineral processing, mining and metallurgy. Studying the flow dynamics and forces on containing walls can provide valuable feedback for equipment design and optimising operations to prolong the equipment lifetime. Therefore, solids flow-wall interaction phenomena, i.e. induced wall stress and particle flow patterns should be well understood. In this work, discrete element method (DEM) is used to study steady state granular flow in a gravity-fed hopper like geometry with blocks attached to an inclined wall. The effects of different geometries, e.g. different wall angles and spacing between blocks are studied by means of a 3D DEM slot model with periodic boundary conditions. The findings of this work include (i) flow analysis in terms of flow patterns and particle velocities, (ii) force distributions within the model geometry, and (iii) wall stress vs. model height diagrams. The model enables easy transfer of the key findings to other industrial applications handling granular materials.

A block-based algorithm for the solution of compressible flows in rotor-stator combinations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Akay, H. U.; Ecer, A.; Beskok, A.

1990-01-01

A block-based solution algorithm is developed for the solution of compressible flows in rotor-stator combinations. The method allows concurrent solution of multiple solution blocks in parallel machines. It also allows a time averaged interaction at the stator-rotor interfaces. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the algorithm. The effect of the interaction between the stator and rotor is evaluated.

Crustal deformation mechanism in southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from numerical modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Y.; Liu, S.; Chen, L.

2017-12-01

The Indo-Asian collision developed the complicated crustal deformation around the southeastern Tibetan plateau. Numerous models have proposed to explain the crustal deformation, but the mechanism remains controversial, especially the increasing multi-geophysics data, which demonstrate the existence of lower velocity, lower resistivity and high conductivity, implying that lower crustal flow is responsible for the crustal deformation, arguing for the lower crust flow model. To address the relations between the crust flow and the surface deformation, we employ a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite model to investigate the possible influence on the surface deformation, and discuss the stress field distribution under the model. Our preliminary results suggest that lower crustal flow plays an important role in crustal deformation in southeastern Tibetan plateau. The best fitting is achieved when the flow velocity of the lower crust is approximately 10-11 mm/a faster than that of the upper crust. Crustal rheological properties affect regional crustal deformation, when the viscosity of the middle and lower crust in the South China block reaches 1022 and 1023 Pa.s, respectively; the predicted match observations well, especially for the magnitude within the South China block. The maximum principal stress field exhibits clear zoning, gradually shifting from an approximately east-west orientation in the northern Bayan Har block to southeast in the South China block, southwest in the western Yunnan block, and a radially divergent distribution in the Middle Yunnan and Southern Yunnan blocks.

Key Topics for High-Lift Research: A Joint Wind Tunnel/Flight Test Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, David; Thomas, Flint O.; Nelson, Robert C.

1996-01-01

Future high-lift systems must achieve improved aerodynamic performance with simpler designs that involve fewer elements and reduced maintenance costs. To expeditiously achieve this, reliable CFD design tools are required. The development of useful CFD-based design tools for high lift systems requires increased attention to unresolved flow physics issues. The complex flow field over any multi-element airfoil may be broken down into certain generic component flows which are termed high-lift building block flows. In this report a broad spectrum of key flow field physics issues relevant to the design of improved high lift systems are considered. It is demonstrated that in-flight experiments utilizing the NASA Dryden Flight Test Fixture (which is essentially an instrumented ventral fin) carried on an F-15B support aircraft can provide a novel and cost effective method by which both Reynolds and Mach number effects associated with specific high lift building block flows can be investigated. These in-flight high lift building block flow experiments are most effective when performed in conjunction with coordinated ground based wind tunnel experiments in low speed facilities. For illustrative purposes three specific examples of in-flight high lift building block flow experiments capable of yielding a high payoff are described. The report concludes with a description of a joint wind tunnel/flight test approach to high lift aerodynamics research.

Numerical Upscaling of Solute Transport in Fractured Porous Media Based on Flow Aligned Blocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leube, P.; Nowak, W.; Sanchez-Vila, X.

2013-12-01

High-contrast or fractured-porous media (FPM) pose one of the largest unresolved challenges for simulating large hydrogeological systems. The high contrast in advective transport between fast conduits and low-permeability rock matrix, including complex mass transfer processes, leads to the typical complex characteristics of early bulk arrivals and long tailings. Adequate direct representation of FPM requires enormous numerical resolutions. For large scales, e.g. the catchment scale, and when allowing for uncertainty in the fracture network architecture or in matrix properties, computational costs quickly reach an intractable level. In such cases, multi-scale simulation techniques have become useful tools. They allow decreasing the complexity of models by aggregating and transferring their parameters to coarser scales and so drastically reduce the computational costs. However, these advantages come at a loss of detail and accuracy. In this work, we develop and test a new multi-scale or upscaled modeling approach based on block upscaling. The novelty is that individual blocks are defined by and aligned with the local flow coordinates. We choose a multi-rate mass transfer (MRMT) model to represent the remaining sub-block non-Fickian behavior within these blocks on the coarse scale. To make the scale transition simple and to save computational costs, we capture sub-block features by temporal moments (TM) of block-wise particle arrival times to be matched with the MRMT model. By predicting spatial mass distributions of injected tracers in a synthetic test scenario, our coarse-scale solution matches reasonably well with the corresponding fine-scale reference solution. For predicting higher TM-orders (such as arrival time and effective dispersion), the prediction accuracy steadily decreases. This is compensated to some extent by the MRMT model. If the MRMT model becomes too complex, it loses its effect. We also found that prediction accuracy is sensitive to the choice of the effective dispersion coefficients and on the block resolution. A key advantage of the flow-aligned blocks is that the small-scale velocity field is reproduced quite accurately on the block-scale through their flow alignment. Thus, the block-scale transverse dispersivities remain in the similar magnitude as local ones, and they do not have to represent macroscopic uncertainty. Also, the flow-aligned blocks minimize numerical dispersion when solving the large-scale transport problem.

VALVE

DOEpatents

Arkelyan, A.M.; Rickard, C.L.

1962-04-17

A gate valve for controlling the flow of fluid in separate concentric ducts or channels by means of a single valve is described. In one position, the valve sealing discs engage opposed sets of concentric ducts leading to the concentric pipes defining the flow channels to block flow therethrough. In another position, the discs are withdrawn from engagement with the opposed ducts and at the same time a bridging section is interposed therebetween to define concentric paths coextensive with and connecting the opposed ducts to facilitate flow therebetween. A wedge block arrangement is employed with each sealing disc to enable it to engage the ducts. The wedge block arrangement also facilitates unobstructcd withdrawal of the discs out of the intervening space between the sets of ducts. (AEC)

Balancing Performance and Sustainability in Next-Generation PMR Technologies for OMC Structures (Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

Amines Purity(1H-NMR) Amine/ aldehyde ratio Temp. Time DFDA 99% 1:2 25 oC 70 min CH3-DFDA 98% 1:2 40 oC 70 min DM-DFDA 97% 1:2 40 oC 24 h Benzyl- DFDA...are combinations of phenyl and furfural building blocks.  A wide variety of bio-based aldehydes can be used to prepare furan based amines . Result

Rapid disintegrating tablets of simvastatin dispersions in polyoxyethylene–polypropylene block copolymer for maximized disintegration and dissolution

PubMed Central

Balata, Gehan F; Zidan, Ahmad S; Abourehab, Mohamad AS; Essa, Ebtessam A

2016-01-01

The objective of this research was to improve the dissolution of simvastatin and to incorporate it in rapid disintegrating tablets (RDTs) with an optimized disintegration and dissolution characteristics. Polyoxyethylene–polypropylene block copolymer (poloxamer 188) was employed as a hydrophilic carrier to prepare simvastatin solid dispersions (SDs). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry were employed to understand the interaction between the drug and the carrier in the solid state. The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed absence of any chemical interaction between the drug and poloxamer. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry confirmed the conversion of simvastatin to distorted crystalline state. The SD of 1:2 w/w drug to carrier ratio showed the highest dissolution; hence, it was incorporated in RDT formulations using a 32 full factorial design and response surface methodology. The initial assessments of RDTs demonstrated an acceptable flow, hardness, and friability to indicate good mechanical strength. The interaction and Pareto charts indicated that percentage of croscarmellose sodium incorporated was the most important factor affecting the disintegration time and dissolution parameter followed by the hardness value and their interaction effect. Compression force showed a superior influence to increase RDT’s porosity and to fasten disintegration rather than swelling action by croscarmellose sodium. On the other hand, croscarmellose sodium was most important for the initial simvastatin release. The results suggest the potential use of poloxamer 188-based SD in RDT for the oral delivery of poor water-soluble antihyperlipidemic drug, simvastatin. PMID:27757012

Gas dynamics. Second edition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

John, J.E.A.

1984-01-01

The book treats the basic fundamentals of compressible flow and gas dynamics using a wide breadth of topical coverage. It emphasizes the clear, logical development of basic theory and applies theory to real engineering systems. New in this edition is a complete changeover from English units to SI units. New charts for computing flows containing conical shock waves and expanded tables for isentropic flow and normal shocks are featured. The text emphasizes one dimensional and internal flow, and contains: improved illustrations; many new homework problems; examples and problems involving current applications; and new Mollier diagrams for computing real gas effects.

A PROPOSED CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND DATA SYSTEM. VOLUME I.

DTIC Science & Technology

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, *DATA PROCESSING, *INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, * CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, INPUT OUTPUT DEVICES, COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, CLASSIFICATION...CONFIGURATIONS, DATA STORAGE SYSTEMS, ATOMS, MOLECULES, PERFORMANCE( ENGINEERING ), MAINTENANCE, SUBJECT INDEXING, MAGNETIC TAPE, AUTOMATIC, MILITARY REQUIREMENTS, TYPEWRITERS, OPTICS, TOPOLOGY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, FLOW CHARTING.

As-built design specification for CAMS Development Dot Data System (CDDDS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wehmanen, O. A.

1979-01-01

The CAMS development dot data system is described. Listings and flow charts of the eight programs used to maintain the data base and the 15 subroutines used in FORTRAN programs to process the data are presented.

Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes of Block Island Sound, offshore Rhode Island

USGS Publications Warehouse

Poppe, L.J.; Danforth, W.W.; McMullen, K.Y.; Blankenship, M.A.; Glomb, K.A.; Wright, D.B.; Smith, S.M.

2012-01-01

Gridded multibeam bathymetry covers approximately 634 square kilometers of sea floor in Block Island Sound. Although originally collected for charting purposes during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic surveys H12009, H12010, H12011, H12015, H12033, H12137, and H12139, these combined acoustic data and the sea-floor sediment sampling and photography stations subsequently occupied to verify them during U.S. Geological Survey cruise 2011-006-FA (1) show the composition and terrain of the seabed, (2) provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat, and (3) are part of an expanding series of studies that provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities (for example, wind farms and fisheries) along the Rhode Island inner continental shelf.

Cavitation erosion in blocked flow with a ducted ice-class propeller

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doucet, J.M.; Bose, N.; Walker, D.

1996-12-31

Ships that operate in ice often encounter momentary increased propeller cavitation because ice pieces block the flow into the propeller. For ducted propellers, this additional cavitation is more significant than it is for open propellers; ice pieces may become lodged against and within the duct and subject the propeller to longer periods of increased cavitation due to the blocked flow. Associated with this blocked flow is the possibility of cavitation erosion on the propeller. An erosion study, using paint films, was conducted in a cavitation tunnel with a model propeller of the type fitted to the Canadian Marine Drilling Ltd.more » vessel MV Robert LeMeur. A simulated ice blockage was installed ahead of the propeller model and within the duct. Tests were carried out over a range of advance coefficients for various test conditions. The resulting types of cavitation were documented, the erosion patterns were photographed and comparisons between each test were made.« less

Domotics Project Housing Block.

PubMed

Morón, Carlos; Payán, Alejandro; García, Alfonso; Bosquet, Francisco

2016-05-23

This document develops the study of an implementation project of a home automation system in a housing placed in the town of Galapagar, Madrid. This house, which is going to be occupied by a four-member family, consists of 67 constructed square meters distributed in lounge, kitchen, three bedrooms, bath, bathroom and terrace, this being a common arrangement in Spain. Thus, this study will allow extracting conclusions about the adequacy of the home automation in a wide percentage of housing in Spain. In this document, three house automation proposals are developed based on the requirements of the client and the different home automation levels that the Spanish House and Building Automation Association has established, besides two parallel proposals relating to the safety and the technical alarms. The mentioned proposed systems are described by means of product datasheets and descriptions, distribution plans, measurements, budgets and flow charts that describe the functioning of the system in every case. An evaluation of each system is included, based on other studies conclusions on this matter, where expected energy savings from each design, depending on the current cost of lighting, water and gas, as well as the expected economic amortization period is evaluated.

Domotics Project Housing Block

PubMed Central

Morón, Carlos; Payán, Alejandro; García, Alfonso; Bosquet, Francisco

2016-01-01

This document develops the study of an implementation project of a home automation system in a housing placed in the town of Galapagar, Madrid. This house, which is going to be occupied by a four-member family, consists of 67 constructed square meters distributed in lounge, kitchen, three bedrooms, bath, bathroom and terrace, this being a common arrangement in Spain. Thus, this study will allow extracting conclusions about the adequacy of the home automation in a wide percentage of housing in Spain. In this document, three house automation proposals are developed based on the requirements of the client and the different home automation levels that the Spanish House and Building Automation Association has established, besides two parallel proposals relating to the safety and the technical alarms. The mentioned proposed systems are described by means of product datasheets and descriptions, distribution plans, measurements, budgets and flow charts that describe the functioning of the system in every case. An evaluation of each system is included, based on other studies conclusions on this matter, where expected energy savings from each design, depending on the current cost of lighting, water and gas, as well as the expected economic amortization period is evaluated. PMID:27223285

Static internal performance of ventral and rear nozzle concepts for short-takeoff and vertical-landing aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Re, Richard J.; Carson, George T., Jr.

1991-01-01

The internal performance of two exhaust system concepts applicable to single-engine short-take-off and vertical-landing tactical fighter configurations was investigated. These concepts involved blocking (or partially blocking) tailpipe flow to the rear (cruise) nozzle and diverting it through an opening to a ventral nozzle exit for vertical thrust. A set of variable angle vanes at the ventral nozzle exit were used to vary ventral nozzle thrust angle between 45 and 110 deg relative to the positive axial force direction. In the vertical flight mode the rear nozzle (or tailpipe flow to it) was completely blocked. In the transition flight mode flow in the tailpipe was split between the rear and ventral nozzles and the flow was vectored at both exits for aircraft control purposes through this flight regime. In the cruise flight mode the ventral nozzle was sealed and all flow exited through the rear nozzle.

The Endocrine Machinery.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fillman, David

1987-01-01

Promotes a reductionist approach to teaching about the endocrine system in high school biology and anatomy courses. Encourages the study of how hormones travel to the cells and affect them. Provides suggestions for activities and discussion questions, along with sample diagrams and flow charts. (TW)

Airport landside volume V : appendix B ALSIM subroutines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-06-01

This Appendix describes the operation of ten subroutines used to support the AUXILIARY and MAIN programs of ALSIM. Flow charts and listings of all programs are provided. The major portion describes the FORTRAN subprogram FORTM which is used to read i...

The effects of catecholamines and adrenoceptor blocking drugs on the canine peripheral lymph flow.

PubMed Central

De Micheli, P; Glässer, A H

1975-01-01

Blood flow through the femoral artery, lymph flow in a lymphatic vessel in the femoral triangle and metatarsal distal venous pressure were measured simultaneously in a canine moving hind limb. 2. Low intra-arterial doses of adrenaline and noradrenaline increased lymph flow even in the presence of marked arterial vasoconstriction. In contrast, isoprenaline increased arterial blood flow without affecting lymph flow rate. 3. Phenoxybenzamine, dihydroergotoxine, and nicergoline did not inhibit the lymphatic flow increase induced by adrenaline at doses active on arterial or venous vascular alpha-adrenoceptors. 4. Propranolol given intra-arterially into animals pretreated with alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents restored the vasoconstrictor effect of adrenaline (reversal of adrenaline reversal). PMID:238702

Individualized Human CAD Models: Anthropmetric Morphing and Body Tissue Layering

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-31

Part Flow Chart of the Interaction among VBA Macros, Excel® Spreadsheet, and SolidWorks Front View of the Male and Female Soldier CAD Model...yellow highlighting. The spreadsheet is linked to the CAD model by macros created with the Visual Basic for Application ( VBA ) editor in Microsoft Excel...basically three working parts to the anthropometric morphing that are all interconnected ( VBA macros, Excel spreadsheet, and SolidWorks). The flow

Nuées ardentes of 22 November 1994 at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Abdurachman, E.K.; Bourdier, J.-L.; Voight, B.

2000-01-01

Nuées ardentes associated with dome collapse on 22 November 1994, at Merapi volcano traveled to the south–southwest as far as 6.5 km, and collectively accumulated roughly 2.5–3 million cubic meters of deposits. The damaged area comprises 9.5 km2 and is covered by two nuée ardente facies, a conventional “Merapi-type”, valley-fill block-and-ash flow facies and a pyroclastic surge facies. The proximal deposits reflect the accumulation of dozens of nuées ardentes, with many subsidiary flow units. The distal deposits are more simply organized, as only a few individual events reached to distances >3.5 km. The stratigraphic relationships north of Turgo hill indicate that the surge deposits are a facies of particularly mobile nuées ardentes that also deposited channeled block-and-ash flow facies. They further suggest that the surge facies beyond the channel margins correlate laterally with a finer-grained sublayer locally developed at the base of the block-and-ash flow facies. Eyewitness reports suggest that the emplacement of the block-and-ash flow facies in the distal part of the Boyong river may have followed, by a short time interval, the destruction and deposition of the surge facies at Turgo village. The stratigraphy is in accord with the eyewitness reports. The surge facies was emplaced by a dilute surge current, detached from the same dome-collapse nuée ardente that, as a separate flow unit, subsequently emplaced the distal block-and-ash deposit in the Boyong valley. The detachment occurred at higher elevations, likely at or above the slope break at about 2000 m elevation. This flow separation enabled the surge current to shortcut over the landscape and to emplace its deposit even as the block-and-ash flow continued its tortuous southward movement in the Boyong channel. Dome-collapse nuée ardente activity formed the bulk of the eruption, which was accompanied by virtually no significant vertical summit explosive activity.

48 CFR 852.211-70 - Service data manuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... applicable, flow charts and narrative descriptions of software shall be provided. If programming is either...) Section IV, Principles of Operation. This section shall describe in narrative form the principles of... the recommended frequency of performance shall be included for visual inspection, cleaning...

Map Your Way to a Better Lab.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roth, Wolff-Michael

1990-01-01

The use of concept maps, Vee diagrams, flow charts, and productive questions to increase student understanding of laboratory exercises and to improve student attitudes toward lab classes is discussed. Examples of each are provided. Student responses to these teaching methods are described. (CW)

Revisit submergence of ice blocks in front of ice cover—an experimental study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jun; Wu, Yi-fan; Sui, Jueyi

2018-04-01

The present paper studies the stabilities of ice blocks in front of an ice cover based on experiments carried out in laboratory by using four types of ice blocks with different dimensions. The forces acting on the ice blocks in front of the ice cover are analyzed. The critical criteria for the entrainment of ice blocks in front of the ice cover are established by considering the drag force caused by the flowing water, the collision force, and the hydraulic pressure force. Formula for determining whether or not an ice block will be entrained under the ice cover is derived. All three dimensions of the ice block are considered in the proposed formula. The velocities calculated by using the developed formula are compared with those of calculated by other formulas proposed by other researchers, as well as the measured flow velocities for the entrainment of ice blocks in laboratory. The fitting values obtained by using the derived formula agree well with the experimental results.

Multivariate statistical process control of a continuous pharmaceutical twin-screw granulation and fluid bed drying process.

PubMed

Silva, A F; Sarraguça, M C; Fonteyne, M; Vercruysse, J; De Leersnyder, F; Vanhoorne, V; Bostijn, N; Verstraeten, M; Vervaet, C; Remon, J P; De Beer, T; Lopes, J A

2017-08-07

A multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) strategy was developed for the monitoring of the ConsiGma™-25 continuous tablet manufacturing line. Thirty-five logged variables encompassing three major units, being a twin screw high shear granulator, a fluid bed dryer and a product control unit, were used to monitor the process. The MSPC strategy was based on principal component analysis of data acquired under normal operating conditions using a series of four process runs. Runs with imposed disturbances in the dryer air flow and temperature, in the granulator barrel temperature, speed and liquid mass flow and in the powder dosing unit mass flow were utilized to evaluate the model's monitoring performance. The impact of the imposed deviations to the process continuity was also evaluated using Hotelling's T 2 and Q residuals statistics control charts. The influence of the individual process variables was assessed by analyzing contribution plots at specific time points. Results show that the imposed disturbances were all detected in both control charts. Overall, the MSPC strategy was successfully developed and applied. Additionally, deviations not associated with the imposed changes were detected, mainly in the granulator barrel temperature control. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Guideline attribute and implementation preferences among physicians in multiple health systems.

PubMed

Stone, Tamara T; Schweikhart, Sharon B; Mantese, Annamarie; Sonnad, Seema S

2005-01-01

Although practice guidelines are effective in assisting providers with clinical decision making, ineffective implementation strategies often prevent their use in practice. This study aimed to understand physician preferences for guideline format, placement, content, evidence, and learning strategies in different clinical environments. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 500 randomly selected physicians from 4 major US health systems who were involved in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction or pediatric asthma. Paired sample t tests and Tukey's method of comparisons determined the relative ranking of physicians' guideline implementation preferences. Physicians preferred guidelines located on the front of the patient chart, in palm pilots, or in progress notes and presented as flow charts/flow diagrams, algorithms, or preprinted orders that contain strategies to minimize readmits/encourage self-management and immediate treatment flows. Discussions with colleagues and continuing medical education are the most effective strategies for encouraging guideline use, and randomized controlled trials remain the most persuasive medical evidence. Health care organizations must align guideline implementation efforts with physician preferences to encourage utilization. The results of this study reveal systematic physician preferences for guideline implementation that can be applied to clinical settings to encourage guideline use by physicians.

Towards sensible toxicity testing for nanomaterials: proposal for the specification of test design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Potthoff, Annegret; Weil, Mirco; Meißner, Tobias; Kühnel, Dana

2015-12-01

During the last decade, nanomaterials (NM) were extensively tested for potential harmful effects towards humans and environmental organisms. However, a sound hazard assessment was so far hampered by uncertainties and a low comparability of test results. The reason for the low comparability is a high variation in the (1) type of NM tested with regard to raw material, size and shape and (2) procedures before and during the toxicity testing. This calls for tailored, nanomaterial-specific protocols. Here, a structured approach is proposed, intended to lead to test protocols not only tailored to specific types of nanomaterials, but also to respective test system for toxicity testing. There are existing standards on single procedures involving nanomaterials, however, not all relevant procedures are covered by standards. Hence, our approach offers a detailed way of weighting several plausible alternatives for e.g. sample preparation, in order to decide on the procedure most meaningful for a specific nanomaterial and toxicity test. A framework of several decision trees (DT) and flow charts to support testing of NM is proposed as a basis for further refinement and in-depth elaboration. DT and flow charts were drafted for (1) general procedure—physicochemical characterisation, (2) choice of test media, (3) decision on test scenario and application of NM to liquid media, (4) application of NM to the gas phase, (5) application of NM to soil and sediments, (6) dose metrics, (S1) definition of a nanomaterial, and (S2) dissolution. The applicability of the proposed approach was surveyed by using experimental data retrieved from studies on nanoscale CuO. This survey demonstrated the DT and flow charts to be a convenient tool to systematically decide upon test procedures and processes, and hence pose an important step towards harmonisation of NM testing.

Outpatients flow management and ophthalmic electronic medical records system in university hospital using Yahgee Document View.

PubMed

Matsuo, Toshihiko; Gochi, Akira; Hirakawa, Tsuyoshi; Ito, Tadashi; Kohno, Yoshihisa

2010-10-01

General electronic medical records systems remain insufficient for ophthalmology outpatient clinics from the viewpoint of dealing with many ophthalmic examinations and images in a large number of patients. Filing systems for documents and images by Yahgee Document View (Yahgee, Inc.) were introduced on the platform of general electronic medical records system (Fujitsu, Inc.). Outpatients flow management system and electronic medical records system for ophthalmology were constructed. All images from ophthalmic appliances were transported to Yahgee Image by the MaxFile gateway system (P4 Medic, Inc.). The flow of outpatients going through examinations such as visual acuity testing were monitored by the list "Ophthalmology Outpatients List" by Yahgee Workflow in addition to the list "Patients Reception List" by Fujitsu. Patients' identification number was scanned with bar code readers attached to ophthalmic appliances. Dual monitors were placed in doctors' rooms to show Fujitsu Medical Records on the left-hand monitor and ophthalmic charts of Yahgee Document on the right-hand monitor. The data of manually-inputted visual acuity, automatically-exported autorefractometry and non-contact tonometry on a new template, MaxFile ED, were again automatically transported to designated boxes on ophthalmic charts of Yahgee Document. Images such as fundus photographs, fluorescein angiograms, optical coherence tomographic and ultrasound scans were viewed by Yahgee Image, and were copy-and-pasted to assigned boxes on the ophthalmic charts. Ordering such as appointments, drug prescription, fees and diagnoses input, central laboratory tests, surgical theater and ward room reservations were placed by functions of the Fujitsu electronic medical records system. The combination of the Fujitsu electronic medical records and Yahgee Document View systems enabled the University Hospital to examine the same number of outpatients as prior to the implementation of the computerized filing system.

Towards sensible toxicity testing for nanomaterials: proposal for the specification of test design.

PubMed

Potthoff, Annegret; Weil, Mirco; Meißner, Tobias; Kühnel, Dana

2015-12-01

During the last decade, nanomaterials (NM) were extensively tested for potential harmful effects towards humans and environmental organisms. However, a sound hazard assessment was so far hampered by uncertainties and a low comparability of test results. The reason for the low comparability is a high variation in the (1) type of NM tested with regard to raw material, size and shape and (2) procedures before and during the toxicity testing. This calls for tailored, nanomaterial-specific protocols. Here, a structured approach is proposed, intended to lead to test protocols not only tailored to specific types of nanomaterials, but also to respective test system for toxicity testing. There are existing standards on single procedures involving nanomaterials, however, not all relevant procedures are covered by standards. Hence, our approach offers a detailed way of weighting several plausible alternatives for e.g. sample preparation, in order to decide on the procedure most meaningful for a specific nanomaterial and toxicity test. A framework of several decision trees (DT) and flow charts to support testing of NM is proposed as a basis for further refinement and in-depth elaboration. DT and flow charts were drafted for (1) general procedure-physicochemical characterisation, (2) choice of test media, (3) decision on test scenario and application of NM to liquid media, (4) application of NM to the gas phase, (5) application of NM to soil and sediments, (6) dose metrics, (S1) definition of a nanomaterial, and (S2) dissolution. The applicability of the proposed approach was surveyed by using experimental data retrieved from studies on nanoscale CuO. This survey demonstrated the DT and flow charts to be a convenient tool to systematically decide upon test procedures and processes, and hence pose an important step towards harmonisation of NM testing.

Modelling a radiology department service using a VDL integrated approach.

PubMed

Guglielmino, Maria Gabriella; Celano, Giovanni; Costa, Antonio; Fichera, Sergio

2009-01-01

The healthcare industry is facing several challenges such as the reduction of costs and quality improvement of the provided services. Engineering studies could be very useful in supporting organizational and management processes. Healthcare service efficiency depends on a strong collaboration between clinical and engineering experts, especially when it comes to analyzing the system and its constraints in detail and subsequently, when it comes to deciding on the reengineering of some key activities. The purpose of this paper is to propose a case study showing how a mix of representation tools allow a manager of a radiology department to solve some human and technological resource re-organizational issues, which have to be faced due to the introduction of a new technology and a new portfolio of services. In order to simulate the activities within the radiology department and examine the relationship between human and technological resources, different visual diagrammatic language (VDL) techniques have been implemented to get knowledge about the heterogeneous factors related to the healthcare service delivery. In particular, flow charts, IDEFO diagrams and Petri nets have been integrated each other with success as a modelisation tools. The simulation study performed through the application of the aforementioned VDL techniques suggests the opportunity of re-organizing the nurse activities within the radiology department. The re-organization of a healthcare service and in particular of a radiology department by means of joint flow charts, IDEF0 diagrams and Petri nets is a poorly investigated topic in literature. This paper demonstrates how flow charts and IDEF0 can help people working within the department to understand the weak points of their organization and constitute an efficient base of knowledge for the implementation of a Petri net aimed at improving the departmental performance.

How to use your peak flow meter

MedlinePlus

Peak flow meter - how to use; Asthma - peak flow meter; Reactive airway disease - peak flow meter; Bronchial asthma - peak flow meter ... your airways are narrowed and blocked due to asthma, your peak flow values drop. You can check ...

Table and charts of equilibrium normal shock and shock tube properties for pure argon with velocities to 18 km/sec

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1976-01-01

Equilibrium thermodynamic and flow properties are presented in tabulated and graphical form for moving, standing, and reflected normal shock waves in pure argon. Properties include pressure, temperature, density, enthalpy, speed of sound, entropy, molecular-weight ratio, isentropic exponent, velocity, and species mole fractions. Incident (moving) shock velocities are varied from 2 to 18 km/sec for a range of initial pressure of 5 N/sq m to 500 kN/sq m. Working charts illustrating shock tube performance with argon test gas and heated helium and hydrogen driver gases are also presented.

Detecting dominant motion patterns in crowds of pedestrians

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saqib, Muhammad; Khan, Sultan Daud; Blumenstein, Michael

2017-02-01

As the population of the world increases, urbanization generates crowding situations which poses challenges to public safety and security. Manual analysis of crowded situations is a tedious job and usually prone to errors. In this paper, we propose a novel technique of crowd analysis, the aim of which is to detect different dominant motion patterns in real-time videos. A motion field is generated by computing the dense optical flow. The motion field is then divided into blocks. For each block, we adopt an Intra-clustering algorithm for detecting different flows within the block. Later on, we employ Inter-clustering for clustering the flow vectors among different blocks. We evaluate the performance of our approach on different real-time videos. The experimental results show that our proposed method is capable of detecting distinct motion patterns in crowded videos. Moreover, our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Troubleshooting Computer Problems--a Teachers' Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeitz, Leigh

1995-01-01

Presents a troubleshooting flow chart for teachers and others to use when trying to figure out why their computers do not work correctly. Written mainly for Macintosh computers, the purpose of this guide is to save school technology coordinators time and to help educate teachers. (Author/LRW)

Development of an Aeromedical Scientific Information System for Aviation Safety

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

math- ematics, engineering, computer hardware, software , and networking, was assembled to glean the most knowledge from the complicated aeromedical...9, SPlus Enterprise Developer 8, and Insightful Miner version 7. Process flow charts were done with SmartDraw Suite Edition version 7. Static and

ACHP | Section 106 Regulations Flow Chart

Science.gov Websites

undertaking/no potential to cause effects Undertaking is type that might affect historic properties Identify No historic properties affected Historic properties are affected Assess Adverse Effects Apply affected Resolve Adverse Effects Continue consultation Memorandum of Agreement FAILURE TO AGREE COUNCIL

A Primer on Functional Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoman, Jerome

2008-01-01

This article presents principles and basic steps for practitioners to complete a functional analysis of client behavior. The emphasis is on application of functional analysis to adult mental health clients. The article includes a detailed flow chart containing all major functional diagnoses and behavioral interventions, with functional assessment…

Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST). Volume 3: Programmer's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brauer, G. L.; Cornick, D. E.; Habeger, A. R.; Petersen, F. M.; Stevenson, R.

1975-01-01

Information pertinent to the programmer and relating to the program to optimize simulated trajectories (POST) is presented. Topics discussed include: program structure and logic, subroutine listings and flow charts, and internal FORTRAN symbols. The POST core requirements are summarized along with program macrologic.

Firefighting and Emergency Response Study of Advanced Composites Aircraft; Objective 1: Composite Material Damage in Minor Aircraft Fires

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-18

26 4.3. 1-D Heat Transfer Model with Pyrolysis and Thermal Damage...Improvements and Added Features ........................................................................31 4.3.4. Pyrolysis Model Calibration... Pyrolysis Model ................................................32 Figure 25. Updated Heat Transfer Algorithm Flow Chart

Tables and charts of equilibrium normal shock and shock-tube solutions for helium-hydrogen mixtures with velocities to 70 km/sec

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1974-01-01

Equilibrium thermodynamic and flow properties are presented in tabulated and graphical form for moving, standing, and reflected normal shock waves into helium-hydrogen mixtures representative of proposed outer planet atmospheres. The volumetric compositions of these mixtures are 0.35He-0.65H2, 0.20He-0.80H2, and 0.05He-0.95H2. Properties include pressure, temperature, density, enthalpy, speed of sound, entropy, molecular-weight ratio, isentropic exponent, velocity, and species mole fractions. Incident (moving) shock velocities are varied from 4 to 70 km/sec for a range of initial pressure of 5 N/sq m to 100 kN/sq m. The present results are applicable to shock-tube flows and to free-flight conditions for a blunt body at high velocities. A working chart illustrating idealized shock-tube performance with a 0.20He-0.80H2 test gas and heated helium driver gas is also presented.

An Analysis of Community Health Nurses Documentation: The Best Approach to Computerization

PubMed Central

Chalmers, M.

1988-01-01

The study explored and analyzed the actual patient-related documentation performed by a sample of community health nurses working in voluntary home health agencies. The outcome of the study was a system flow chart of that documentation and included: common components of the documentation, where in the existing systems they are recorded, when they are recorded by the nurse and why they are used by the nurses and administrative personnel in the agencies. The flow chart is suitable for use as a prototype for the development of a computer software package for the computerization of the patient-related documentation by community health nurses. General System and communication theories were used as a framework for this study. A thorough analysis of the documenation resulted in a complete and exhaustive explication of the documentation by community health nurses, as well as the identification of what parts of that documentation lend themselves most readily to computerization and what areas, if any, may not readily adapt to computerization.

Decompressive craniectomy and hydrocephalus: proposal of a therapeutic flow chart.

PubMed

Peraio, Simone; Calcagni, Maria Lucia; Mattoli, Maria Vittoria; Marziali, Giammaria; DE Bonis, Pasquale; Pompucci, Angelo; Anile, Carmelo; Mangiola, Annunziato

2017-12-01

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) may be necessary to save the lives of patients suffering from intracranial hypertension. However, this procedure is not complication-free. Its two main complications are hydrocephalus and the sinking skin-flap syndrome (SSFS). The radiological findings and the clinical evaluation may be not enough to decide when and/or how to treat hydrocephalus in a decompressed patient. SSFS and hydrocephalus may be not unrelated. In fact, a patient affected by hydrocephalus, after the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, can develop SSFS; on the other hand, SSFS per se can cause hydrocephalus. Treating hydrocephalus in decompressed patients can be challenging. Radiological findings and clinical evaluation may not be enough to define the most appropriate therapeutic strategy. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and metabolic evaluations can represent important diagnostic tools for assessing the need of a CSF shunt in patients with a poor baseline neurologic status. Based on our experience, we propose a flow chart for treating decompressed patients affected by ventriculomegaly.

Using noble gas tracers to constrain a groundwater flow model with recharge elevations: A novel approach for mountainous terrain

USGS Publications Warehouse

Doyle, Jessica M.; Gleeson, Tom; Manning, Andrew H.; Mayer, K. Ulrich

2015-01-01

Environmental tracers provide information on groundwater age, recharge conditions, and flow processes which can be helpful for evaluating groundwater sustainability and vulnerability. Dissolved noble gas data have proven particularly useful in mountainous terrain because they can be used to determine recharge elevation. However, tracer-derived recharge elevations have not been utilized as calibration targets for numerical groundwater flow models. Herein, we constrain and calibrate a regional groundwater flow model with noble-gas-derived recharge elevations for the first time. Tritium and noble gas tracer results improved the site conceptual model by identifying a previously uncertain contribution of mountain block recharge from the Coast Mountains to an alluvial coastal aquifer in humid southwestern British Columbia. The revised conceptual model was integrated into a three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model and calibrated to hydraulic head data in addition to recharge elevations estimated from noble gas recharge temperatures. Recharge elevations proved to be imperative for constraining hydraulic conductivity, recharge location, and bedrock geometry, and thus minimizing model nonuniqueness. Results indicate that 45% of recharge to the aquifer is mountain block recharge. A similar match between measured and modeled heads was achieved in a second numerical model that excludes the mountain block (no mountain block recharge), demonstrating that hydraulic head data alone are incapable of quantifying mountain block recharge. This result has significant implications for understanding and managing source water protection in recharge areas, potential effects of climate change, the overall water budget, and ultimately ensuring groundwater sustainability.

Bypass Flow Resistance in Prismatic Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactors

DOE PAGES

McEligot, Donald M.; Johnson, Richard W.

2016-12-20

Available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of pressure distributions in the vertical bypass flow between blocks in a prismatic gas-cooled reactor (GCR) have been analyzed to deduce apparent friction factors and loss coefficients for systems and network codes. We performed calculations for vertical gap spacings "s" of 2, 6 and 10 mm, horizontal gaps between the blocks of two mm and two flow rates, giving a range of gap Reynolds numbers Re Dh of about 40 to 5300. Laminar predictions of the fully-developed friction factor f fd were about three to ten per cent lower than the classical infinitely-wide channelmore » In the entry region, the local apparent friction factor was slightly higher than the classic idealized case but the hydraulic entry length L hy was approximately the same. The per cent reduction in flow resistance was greater than the per cent increase in flow area at the vertical corners of the blocks. The standard k-ϵ model was employed for flows expected to be turbulent. Its predictions of f fd and flow resistance were significantly higher than direct numerical simulations for the classic case; the value of L hy was about thirty gap spacings. Initial quantitative information for entry coefficients and loss coefficients for the expansion-contraction junctions between blocks is also presented. Our study demonstrates how CFD predictions can be employed to provide integral quantities needed in systems and network codes.« less

Bypass Flow Resistance in Prismatic Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McEligot, Donald M.; Johnson, Richard W.

Available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of pressure distributions in the vertical bypass flow between blocks in a prismatic gas-cooled reactor (GCR) have been analyzed to deduce apparent friction factors and loss coefficients for systems and network codes. We performed calculations for vertical gap spacings "s" of 2, 6 and 10 mm, horizontal gaps between the blocks of two mm and two flow rates, giving a range of gap Reynolds numbers Re Dh of about 40 to 5300. Laminar predictions of the fully-developed friction factor f fd were about three to ten per cent lower than the classical infinitely-wide channelmore » In the entry region, the local apparent friction factor was slightly higher than the classic idealized case but the hydraulic entry length L hy was approximately the same. The per cent reduction in flow resistance was greater than the per cent increase in flow area at the vertical corners of the blocks. The standard k-ϵ model was employed for flows expected to be turbulent. Its predictions of f fd and flow resistance were significantly higher than direct numerical simulations for the classic case; the value of L hy was about thirty gap spacings. Initial quantitative information for entry coefficients and loss coefficients for the expansion-contraction junctions between blocks is also presented. Our study demonstrates how CFD predictions can be employed to provide integral quantities needed in systems and network codes.« less

Acousto-Optic Interaction in Surface Acoustic Waves and Its Application to Real Time Signal Processing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-12-30

ACOUSTO - OPTIC INTERACTION IN SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES AND ITS APP--ETC(U) DEC 77 0 SCHUMER, P DAS NOOOIJ -75-C-0772 NCLASSIFIED MA-ONR-30 Nt.EE E’h...CHART NAT*NAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1-63- ACOUSTO - OPTIC INTERACTION IN SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES AND ITS APPLICATION TO REAL TIME SIGNAL PROCESSING By 00 D... Acousto - optics , Integrated optics, Optical Signal Processing. 20. AbSKTRACT (Continue an reverse side it neceary and idewnt& by block mum ber) The

Where to Find It. Information Resource Centers, ’A Quick Reference Booklet’,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

BROWN SEP 83 UNCLASSIFIED F,’G 5 /2 N EEmhohmoEEoiI I lw lll.f... LEE .. 5 .. 0 .L 1L. IL 1111L5 111111.4 1 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL...KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side it necessay and identiy by block num~ber) Information, Find, Data, and Resource. 5 24L AfNrAC? (Cmhueen erm a t... 5 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Publications ............... 6 Data Item Description (DID) .................................. 7 Defense

Stability Analysis of High-Speed Boundary-Layer Flow with Gas Injection (Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Vitaly G. Soudakov; Ivett A Leyva 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER Q0AF 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING...cases of low injection rates in which the N -factors in the near field region are below the critical level, shaping can produce a significant...Release; Distribution Unlimited Stability analysis of high-speed boundary-layer flow with gas injection Alexander Fedorov and Vitaly Soudakov Moscow

Multi-port valve assembly

DOEpatents

Guggenheim, S. Frederic

1986-01-01

A multi-port fluid valve apparatus is used to control the flow of fluids through a plurality of valves and includes a web, which preferably is a stainless steel endless belt. The belt has an aperture therethrough and is progressed, under motor drive and control, so that its aperture is moved from one valve mechanism to another. Each of the valve mechanisms comprises a pair of valve blocks which are held in fluid-tight relationship against the belt. Each valve block consists of a block having a bore through which the fluid flows, a first seal surrounding the bore and a second seal surrounding the first seal, with the distance between the first and second seals being greater than the size of the belt aperture. In order to open a valve, the motor progresses the belt aperture to where it is aligned with the two bores of a pair of valve blocks, such alignment permitting a flow of the fluid through the valve. The valve is closed by movement of the belt aperture and its replacement, within the pair of valve blocks, by a solid portion of the belt.

Improved 3-D turbomachinery CFD algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Janus, J. Mark; Whitfield, David L.

1988-01-01

The building blocks of a computer algorithm developed for the time-accurate flow analysis of rotating machines are described. The flow model is a finite volume method utilizing a high resolution approximate Riemann solver for interface flux definitions. This block LU implicit numerical scheme possesses apparent unconditional stability. Multi-block composite gridding is used to orderly partition the field into a specified arrangement. Block interfaces, including dynamic interfaces, are treated such as to mimic interior block communication. Special attention is given to the reduction of in-core memory requirements by placing the burden on secondary storage media. Broad applicability is implied, although the results presented are restricted to that of an even blade count configuration. Several other configurations are presently under investigation, the results of which will appear in subsequent publications.

Dose-response studies of Ropivacaine in blood flow of upper extremity after supraclavicular block: a double-blind randomized controlled study.

PubMed

Li, Ting; Ye, Qiguang; Wu, Daozhu; Li, Jun; Yu, Jingui

2017-12-02

The sympathetic block of upper limb leading to increased blood flow has important clinical implication in microvascular surgery. However, little is known regarding the relationship between concentration of local anesthetic and blood flow of upper limb. The aim of this dose-response study was to determine the ED 50 and ED 95 of ropivacaine in blood flow after supraclavicular block (SB). Patients undergoing upper limb surgery and supraclavicular block were randomly assigned to receive 30ml ropivacaine in concentrations of 0.125%(A Group), 0.2%(B Group), 0.25%(C Group), 0.375%(D Group), 0.5%(E Group), or 0.75%(F Group) (n=13 per group). All patients received supraclavicular block (SB). Time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), cross-sectional area (CSA) of brachial artery and skin temperatures (T s ) were measured repeatedly at the same marked points, they were taken at baseline (before block, t 0 ) and at 30min after SB (t 1 ). Blood flow(BF) = TAMAX× CSA×60 sec.. Relative blood flow (ΔBF) = BF t1 / BF t0 . Success of SB was assessed simultaneously. Supplementary anesthesia and other adverse events (AE) were recorded. Significant increase in TAMAX, CSA, BF and T s were seen in all concentration groups at t 1 comparing with t 0 (P<0.001). There was an upward trend of TAMAX, CSA, BF with the increasing concentration of ropivacaine except T s . There was no significant different of T s at t 1 among different concentration group. The dose-response formula of ropivacaine on ΔBF was Y=1+3.188/(1+10^((-2.451-X) × 1.730)) and ED 50 /ED 95 (95%CI) were 0.35/1.94%(0.25-0.45/0.83-4.52), and R 2 (coefficient of determination) =0.85. ED 50 /ED 95 (95%CI) values of sensory block were 0.18/0.33% (0.15-0.21/0.27-0.51), R 2 =0.904. The dose-response curve between SB ropivacaine and the changes of BF was determined. The ED 50 /ED 95 of ropivacaine of ΔBF are 0.35/1.94% (0.25-0.45/0.83-4.52). TAMAX, CSA and BF consistently increased with ropivacaine concentration. The maximal sympathetic block needs higher concentration than that complete sensation block needs which may benefit for microvascular surgery. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02139982 . Retrospectively registered (Date of registration: May, 2014).

Analysis of the 2006 block-and-ash flow deposits of Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia, using high-spatial resolution IKONOS images and complementary ground based observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thouret, Jean-Claude; Gupta, Avijit; Liew, Soo Chin; Lube, Gert; Cronin, Shane J.; Surono, Dr

2010-05-01

On 16 June 2006 an overpass of IKONOS coincided with the emplacement of an active block-and-ash flow fed by a lava dome collapse event at Merapi Volcano (Java, Indonesia). This was the first satellite image recorded for a moving pyroclastic flow. The very high-spatial resolution data displayed the extent and impact of the pyroclastic deposits emplaced during and prior to, the day of image acquisition. This allowed a number of features associated with high-hazard block-and-ash flows emplaced in narrow, deep gorges to be mapped, interpreted and understood. The block-and-ash flow and surge deposits recognized in the Ikonos images include: (1) several channel-confined flow lobes and tongues in the box-shaped valley; (2) thin ash-cloud surge deposit and knocked-down trees in constricted areas on both slopes of the gorge; (3) fan-like over bank deposits on the Gendol-Tlogo interfluves from which flows were re-routed in the Tlogo secondary valley; (4) massive over bank lobes on the right bank from which flows devastated the village of Kaliadem 0.5 km from the main channel, a small part of this flow being re-channeled in the Opak secondary valley. The high-resolution IKONOS images also helped us to identify geomorphic obstacles that enabled flows to ramp and spill out from the sinuous channel, a process called flow avulsion. Importantly, the avulsion redirected flows to unexpected areas away from the main channel. In the case of Merapi we see that the presence of valley fill by previous deposits, bends and man-made dams influence the otherwise valley-guided course of the flows. Sadly, Sabo dams (built to ameliorate the effect of high sediment load streams) can actually cause block-and-ash flows to jump out of their containing channel and advance into sensitive areas. Very-high-spatial resolution satellite images are very useful for mapping and interpreting the distribution of freshly erupted volcanic deposits. IKONOS-type images with 1-m resolution provide opportunities to study and map the meter-scale detail of volcanic deposits. When such high-spatial-resolution satellite remote sensing data are combined with in situ field work, geomorphic analyses can be applied that allow us to more fully understand the dynamics and hazards of eruptions. In the case given here, IKONOS imagery allowed two qualitative hazard assessments for block-and-ash flow activity in drainages around Merapi. Firstly, the interpretation of IKONOS images provides insights in factors that control the propagation of secondary flows as the avulsion of the main flows is driven by longitudinal change in channel capacity due to increased sinuosity in the valley and decreased containment space. Secondly, the sinuosity and obstacles (including Sabo dams) may create over bank flows over adjacent low relief, allowing them to reach unexpectedly vulnerable areas distant from an active dome and away from the volcanically active valleys. Hazard assessment should therefore consider the geometry of secondary channels outside the principal valleys.

Simple Model of the Circulation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenway, Clive A.

1980-01-01

Describes a program in BASIC-11 that explores the relationships between various variables in the circulatory system and permits manipulation of several semiindependent variables to model the effects of hemorrhage, drug infusions, etc. A flow chart and accompanying sample printout are provided; the program is listed in the appendix. (CS)

ACHP | Section 106 Regulations Users Guide

Science.gov Websites

related rules, policy issues, opinions, and guidance documents Section 106: The Rules Regulations Text Flow Chart and Explanatory Material Section-by-Section Questions and Answers Policy Statements ACHP Policy Statement on Historic Preservation and Community Revitalization Policy Statement on the ACHP's

Model Experiment of Two-Dimentional Brownian Motion by Microcomputer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mishima, Nobuhiko; And Others

1980-01-01

Describes the use of a microcomputer in studying a model experiment (Brownian particles colliding with thermal particles). A flow chart and program for the experiment are provided. Suggests that this experiment may foster a deepened understanding through mutual dialog between the student and computer. (SK)

Historical and projected power requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolfe, M. G.

1978-01-01

Policy planning for projected space power requirements is discussed. Topics of discussion cover: (1) historical space power trends (prime power requirements and power system costs); and (2) two approaches to future space power requirements (mission/traffic model approach and advanced system scenario approach). Graphs, tables, and flow charts are presented.

Systematic Technology Planning: GSFC Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steiner, Mark

2004-01-01

This viewgraph presentation describes the experiences of Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in integrating systematic technology investment planning into the process of architecting NASA space missions. The presentation uses the assessment of a lidar mission as a case study, and illustrates integration strategies through flow charts and dynamic systems models.

40 CFR 49.139 - Rule for non-Title V operating permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., the Tribal governing body, and the Tribal, State, and local air pollution authorities having... limitation. (C) A description of the production processes and a related flow chart. (D) Identification of...; (ii) Mass balance calculations; (iii) Published, verifiable emission factors that are applicable to...

Programmer's guide for the GNAT computer program (numerical analysis of stratification in supercritical oxygen)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heinmiller, J. P.

1971-01-01

This document is the programmer's guide for the GNAT computer program developed under MSC/TRW Task 705-2, Apollo cryogenic storage system analysis, subtask 2, is reported. Detailed logic flow charts and compiled program listings are provided for all program elements.

DORCA 2 computer program. Volume 2: Programmer's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gold, B. J.

1972-01-01

A guide for coding the Dynamic Operational Requirements and Cost Analysis Program (DORCA 2) is presented. The manual provides a detailed operation of every subroutine, the layout in core of the major matrices and arrays, and the meaning of all program values. Flow charts are included.

40 CFR 161.162 - Description of production process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... applicant must submit information on the production (reaction) processes used to produce the active... continuous (a single reaction process from starting materials to active ingredient), but is accomplished in...) A flow chart of the chemical equations of each intended reaction occurring at each step of the...

40 CFR 161.162 - Description of production process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... applicant must submit information on the production (reaction) processes used to produce the active... continuous (a single reaction process from starting materials to active ingredient), but is accomplished in...) A flow chart of the chemical equations of each intended reaction occurring at each step of the...

Knowledge Engineering (Or, Catching Black Cats in Dark Rooms).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruyle, Kim E.

1993-01-01

Discusses knowledge engineering, its relationship to artificial intelligence, and possible applications to developing expert systems, job aids, and technical training. The educational background of knowledge engineers is considered; the role of subject matter experts is described; and examples of flow charts, lists, and pictorial representations…

Structured Programming on the 380-Z.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horton, Graeme

1983-01-01

With the production of SBAS, a combination of language and machine allowing for a disciplined and error-free approach to teaching programming is available. Instructional strategies for use with SBAS and basic concepts (decisions, repetitions/iterations, actions/processes) are discussed. Sample flow charts and program listings are provided. (JN)

Design Document. EKG Interpretation Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, Sandra M.

This teaching plan is designed to assist nursing instructors assigned to advanced medical surgical nursing courses in acquainting students with the basic skills needed to perform electrocardiographic (ECG or EKG) interpretations. The first part of the teaching plan contains a statement of purpose; audience recommendations; a flow chart detailing…

Calculations of Laminar Heat Transfer Around Cylinders of Arbitrary Cross Section and Transpiration-Cooled Walls with Application to Turbine Blade Cooling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eckert, E.R.G.; Livingood, John N.B.

1951-01-01

An approximate method for development of flow and thermal boundary layers in laminar regime on cylinders with arbitrary cross section and transpiration-cooled walls is obtained by use of Karman's integrated momentum equation and an analogous heat-flow equation. Incompressible flow with constant property values throughout boundary layer is assumed. Shape parameters for approximated velocity and temperature profiles and functions necessary for solution of boundary-layer equations are presented as charts, reducing calculations to a minimum. The method is applied to determine local heat-transfer coefficients and surface temperature-cooled turbine blades for a given flow rate. Coolant flow distributions necessary for maintaining uniform blade temperatures are also determined.

RADON FUNDAMENTALS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COATINGS IN REDUCING SOIL GAS FLOW THROUGH BLOCK BASEMENT WALLS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper gives results of an evaluation of six different coatings in specially designed chambers built around 1.5 sq m concrete block wall sections. Data were collected over a pressure range of 1-12 Pa with flows from < 0.01 to 50 standard liters/minute (SLPM). The six coatings ...

Mountain building at northeastern boundary of Tibetan Plateau and craton reworking at Ordos block from joint inversion of ambient noise tomography and receiver functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Zhen; Chen, Yongshun John

2017-04-01

We have obtained a high resolution 3-D crustal and uppermost mantle velocity model of the Ordos block and its surrounding areas by joint inversion of ambient noise tomography and receiver functions using seismic recordings from 320 stations. The resulting model shows wide-spread low velocity zone (Vs ≤ 3.4 km/s) in the mid-to-lower crust beneath northeastern Tibet Plateau, which may favor crustal ductile flow within the plateau. However, our model argues against the eastward crustal ductile flow beneath the Qinling belt from the Tibetan Plateau. We find high velocities in the middle part of Qinling belt which separate the low velocities in the mid-to-lower crust of the eastern Qinling belt from the low velocity zone in eastern Tibetan Plateau. More importantly, we observe significant low velocities and thickened lower crust at the Liupanshan thrust belt as the evidence for strong crustal shortening at this boundary between the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Ordos block. The most important finding of our model is the upper mantle low velocity anomalies surrounding the Ordos block, particularly the one beneath the Trans North China Craton (TNCO) that is penetrating into the southern margin of the Ordos block for ∼100 km horizontally in the depth range of ∼70 km and at least 100 km. We propose an on-going lithospheric mantle reworking at the southernmost boundary of the Ordos block due to complicated mantle flow surrounding the Ordos block, that is, the eastward asthenospheric flow from the Tibet Plateau proposed by recent SKS study and mantle upwelling beneath the TNCO from mantle transition zone induced by the stagnant slabs of the subducted Pacific plate.

Sheet metal stamping die design for warm forming

DOEpatents

Ghosh, Amit K.

2003-04-22

In metal stamping dies, by taking advantage of improved material flow by selectively warming the die, flat sections of the die can contribute to the flow of material throughout the workpiece. Local surface heating can be accomplished by placing a heating block in the die. Distribution of heating at the flat lower train central regions outside of the bend region allows a softer flow at a lower stress to enable material flow into the thinner, higher strain areas at the bend/s. The heating block is inserted into the die and is powered by a power supply.

Cancer Cell Glycocalyx Mediates Mechanostransduction and Flow-Regulated Invasion

PubMed Central

Qazi, Henry; Palomino, Rocio; Shi, Zhong-Dong; Munn, Lance L.; Tarbell, John M.

2014-01-01

Mammalian cells are covered by a surface proteoglycan (glycocalyx) layer, and it is known that blood vessel-lining endothelial cells use the glycocalyx to sense and transduce the shearing forces of blood flow into intracellular signals. Tumor cells in vivo are exposed to forces from interstitial fluid flow that may affect metastatic potential but are not reproduced by most in vitro cell motility assays. We hypothesized that glycocalyx-mediated mechanotransduction of interstitial flow shear stress is an un-recognized factor that can significantly enhance metastatic cell motility and play a role in augmentation of invasion. Involvement of MMP levels, cell adhesion molecules (CD44, α3 integrin), and glycocalyx components (heparan sulfate and hyaluronan) were investigated in a cell/collagen gel suspension model designed to mimic the interstitial flow microenvironment. Physiologic levels of flow upregulated MMP levels and enhanced the motility of metastatic cells. Blocking the flow-enhanced expression of MMP actvity or adhesion molecules (CD44 and integrins) resulted in blocking the flow-enhanced migratory activity. The presence of a glycocalyx-like layer was verified around tumor cells, and the degradation of this layer by hyaluronidase and heparinase blocked the flow-regulated invasion. This study shows for the first time that interstitial flow enhancement of metastatic cell motility can be mediated by the cell surface glycocalyx – a potential target for therapeutics. PMID:24077103

Geological-morphological description of the Ishtar Terra (photomap of the Venusian surface sheet B-5)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sukhanov, A. L.; Pronin, A. A.; Tyuflin, Y. S.; Ostrovskiy, M. V.; Kotelnikov, V. A.; Rzhiga, O. N.; Petrov, G. I.; Sidorenko, A. I.; Aleksandrov, Y. N.; Zakharov, A. I.

1986-01-01

The main part of the Ishtar Terra east of the Maxwell Montes is covered with systems of areal dislocations of several directions, which are called Parquet. According to the structural patterns these may be divided into: (1) the central stable block; (2) the lesser peripheral blocks separated from the central one by gaps and grabens; (3) the zones of mobilized parquet, whose substance flowed downward at an incline in the directions away from the central block in the form of plastic flows; and (4) the partially parqueted lava sheets. The Maxwell Montes were formed as a result of the collision between the central parquet block and the Lakshmi Planum.

Adenoma detection rate is not influenced by full-day blocks, time, or modified queue position.

PubMed

Lurix, Einar; Hernandez, Adrian V; Thoma, Matthew; Castro, Fernando

2012-04-01

Recent studies have shown the adenoma detection rate (ADR) to decrease from endoscopist fatigue. Our primary objective was to evaluate the afternoon ADR in half-day versus full-day blocks. Secondary objectives were to determine whether time or complexity of prior procedures (modified queue position) influence ADR. Retrospective chart review on consecutive colonoscopies. Tertiary-care teaching hospital. This study involved all patients in our database who were over age 45 and who underwent screening and surveillance colonoscopies. ADR. A total of 3085 patients were included in the study, with an overall 31% ADR. Of these procedures, 2148 (70%) were done in the morning, and 937 (30%) were done in the afternoon (512 full-day block, 425 half-day block). By multivariate analysis, there was no difference in ADR between full-day blocks compared with afternoon-only blocks (35% vs 32%; odds ratio [OR] 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-1.5; P = .2). For all afternoon colonoscopies, no decrease in ADR was noted with increasing queue position (P = .9) or time (P = .3). In addition, no difference was found comparing ADR between all afternoon colonoscopies versus morning colonoscopies (33% vs 30%; OR 1.1; CI, 1.0-1.3; P = .1). No difference was found for advanced adenomas and number of adenomas between either afternoon-only blocks versus afternoon colonoscopy in full-day blocks or morning versus all afternoon cases. Retrospective study; not all withdrawal times were recorded; trainees performed some of the procedures. Our data show that colonoscopy can be performed in full-day blocks and 30-minute slots without compromising ADR. Copyright © 2012 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

SPICE: exploration and analysis of post-cytometric complex multivariate datasets.

PubMed

Roederer, Mario; Nozzi, Joshua L; Nason, Martha C

2011-02-01

Polychromatic flow cytometry results in complex, multivariate datasets. To date, tools for the aggregate analysis of these datasets across multiple specimens grouped by different categorical variables, such as demographic information, have not been optimized. Often, the exploration of such datasets is accomplished by visualization of patterns with pie charts or bar charts, without easy access to statistical comparisons of measurements that comprise multiple components. Here we report on algorithms and a graphical interface we developed for these purposes. In particular, we discuss thresholding necessary for accurate representation of data in pie charts, the implications for display and comparison of normalized versus unnormalized data, and the effects of averaging when samples with significant background noise are present. Finally, we define a statistic for the nonparametric comparison of complex distributions to test for difference between groups of samples based on multi-component measurements. While originally developed to support the analysis of T cell functional profiles, these techniques are amenable to a broad range of datatypes. Published 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The Allocation of Teachers in Schools--An Alternative to the Class Size Dialogue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loader, David N.

1978-01-01

This article looks beyond class size to such specifics as teachers' load, subject electives available, subject load, and different class groupings in developing a flow chart that gives added understanding and control over the variables relating to the deployment of teachers. (Author/IRT)

Think Quality! The Deming Approach Does Work in Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mackey, Terry; Mackey, Kitty

1992-01-01

Presents W. Edwards Deming's Total Quality Management method and advocates its adoption in libraries. The 14 points that form the basis of Deming's philosophy are discussed in the context of the library setting. A flow chart of the reference process and user survey questions are included. (MES)

The High Cost of Eating.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slesnick, Irwin L.

1983-01-01

Discusses and provides questions for use in "Energy Flow in a Wetland," a game in which energy is examined as it passes through a wetland's food chain. Includes full-color, poster-size game board, rules, and an energy loss chart which lists calorie-consuming events organisms encounter during their lives. (JN)

Public Opinion Poll Question Databases: An Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woods, Stephen

2007-01-01

This paper evaluates five polling resource: iPOLL, Polling the Nations, Gallup Brain, Public Opinion Poll Question Database, and Polls and Surveys. Content was evaluated on disclosure standards from major polling organizations, scope on a model for public opinion polls, and presentation on a flow chart discussing search limitations and usability.

Blade loss transient dynamics analysis. Volume 3: User's manual for TETRA program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Black, G. R.; Gallardo, V. C.; Storace, A. S.; Sagendorph, F.

1981-01-01

The users manual for TETRA contains program logic, flow charts, error messages, input sheets, modeling instructions, option descriptions, input variable descriptions, and demonstration problems. The process of obtaining a NASTRAN 17.5 generated modal input file for TETRA is also described with a worked sample.

Distance-Based and Distributed Learning: A Decision Tool for Education Leaders.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGraw, Tammy M.; Ross, John D.

This decision tool presents a progression of data collection and decision-making strategies that can increase the effectiveness of distance-based or distributed learning instruction. A narrative and flow chart cover the following steps: (1) basic assumptions, including purpose of instruction, market scan, and financial resources; (2) needs…

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

14 CFR 93.67 - General rules: Bryant segment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic shown on the appropriate aeronautical charts, and while in the traffic pattern, shall operate that airplane at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet MSL until... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal...

14 CFR 93.67 - General rules: Bryant segment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic shown on the appropriate aeronautical charts, and while in the traffic pattern, shall operate that airplane at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet MSL until... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

14 CFR 93.67 - General rules: Bryant segment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic shown on the appropriate aeronautical charts, and while in the traffic pattern, shall operate that airplane at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet MSL until... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal...

14 CFR 93.67 - General rules: Bryant segment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic shown on the appropriate aeronautical charts, and while in the traffic pattern, shall operate that airplane at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet MSL until... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

40 CFR 49.139 - Rule for non-Title V operating permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the air pollution source, the Tribal governing body, and the Tribal, State, and local air pollution... limitation. (C) A description of the production processes and a related flow chart. (D) Identification of...; (ii) Mass balance calculations; (iii) Published, verifiable emission factors that are applicable to...

40 CFR 49.139 - Rule for non-Title V operating permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the air pollution source, the Tribal governing body, and the Tribal, State, and local air pollution... limitation. (C) A description of the production processes and a related flow chart. (D) Identification of...; (ii) Mass balance calculations; (iii) Published, verifiable emission factors that are applicable to...

40 CFR 49.139 - Rule for non-Title V operating permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the air pollution source, the Tribal governing body, and the Tribal, State, and local air pollution... limitation. (C) A description of the production processes and a related flow chart. (D) Identification of...; (ii) Mass balance calculations; (iii) Published, verifiable emission factors that are applicable to...

40 CFR 49.139 - Rule for non-Title V operating permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the air pollution source, the Tribal governing body, and the Tribal, State, and local air pollution... limitation. (C) A description of the production processes and a related flow chart. (D) Identification of...; (ii) Mass balance calculations; (iii) Published, verifiable emission factors that are applicable to...

ILLIAC 4 systems characteristics and programming manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The latest edition is presented of the Systems Characteristics and Programming Manual of the ILLIAC 4 array and parallel disc memory system. The major aspects of the array described include: the array systems characteristics, programming characteristics, definition and flow charts, and timing. A glossary of terms, and an instruction index are included.

Hello! Are You Registered?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute for Political/Legal Education, Sewell, NJ.

Organizational procedures and appropriate forms for high school students to conduct a community survey of non-registered voters are provided. Duties for student coordinator, field staff, and clerical staff are described and a flow chart depicts the relationship of personnel to one another and to the community. Students are instructed to notify…

A Programmable Calculator Activity, x = 1/x + 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snover, Stephen L.; Spikell, Mark A.

An activity for secondary schools is presented and discussed which may be explored with a programmable calculator. The activity is non-standard and could not be easily explored without the use of a programmable calculator. Related activities are also discussed. Flow charts and programs for different programmable calculators are presented. (MP)

Competencies and Standards for Psychological Assessment, Intervention and Follow-Up.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grimes, Jeff; And Others

Intended for self evaluation and improvement of school psychological services, the document lists competencies and standards for psychological assessment, intervention, and followup of children with suspected handicapping conditions. The first section presents a flow chart and a list of standards for seven competencies: referral; definition of…

A Simple Exposition of the Social Security Trust Fund.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holahan, William L.; Schug, Mark C.

2000-01-01

Discusses a strategy for teaching students about how the Social Security Trust Fund works. Explains that a flow chart is presented to the students; four terms are defined (deficit, surplus, debt, and reserve); and a new graph is prepared to show the paths of these four variables. (CMK)

Lexivisions: Making Meaning through Imaging.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iovino, Linda

In a high school writing workshop, students frequently would go through multiple essay drafts and conferences with the teacher and fellow students before realizing that their theses were incorrect. A teacher devised the "lexivision" to address this problem. Students used Venn diagrams, graphs, or flow charts to represent concepts in the…

Transonic Compressor: Program System TXCO for Data Acquisition and On-Line Reduction.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-01

IMONIDAYIYEARIHOUR,IMINISEC) OS16 C ............................................................... (0S17 C 0SiB C Gel dole ond line and convert the...linear curve fits SECON real intercept of linear curve fit (as from CURVE) 65 - . FLOW CHART SUBROUTINE CALIB - - - Aso C’A / oonre& *Go wSAt*irc

Teaching Economics: A Cooperative Learning Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caropreso, Edward J.; Haggerty, Mark

2000-01-01

Describes an alternative approach to introductory economics based on a cooperative learning model, "Learning Together." Discussion of issues in economics education and cooperative learning in higher education leads to explanation of how to adapt the Learning Together Model to lesson planning in economics. A flow chart illustrates the process for a…

Patterns in Liberal Arts Curricula: A Survey of Program Models.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kolling, Orland W.

Characteristics of liberal arts education and different approaches to educational modeling are examined. Attention is directed to: applications of graphic depictions; Venn-Euler diagrams to represent inclusion-exclusion phenomena as well as areas of commonality in learning processes and liberal education; the uses of flow charts for describing…

Teaching the Visual Learner: The Use of Visual Summaries in Marketing Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, Irvine, III.; Flaherty, Theresa B.; Yankey, Michael

2006-01-01

Approximately 40% of college students are visual learners, preferring to be taught through pictures, diagrams, flow charts, timelines, films, and demonstrations. Yet marketing instruction remains heavily reliant on presenting content primarily through verbal cues such as written or spoken words. Without visual instruction, some students may be…

Real-World Flowcharting--Willy Wonka Style!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noe, Kelly

2015-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development, implementation and outcome of a field-based learning flow-charting project that was conducted in an accounting information systems (AIS) course. The emphasis for the project was strengthening the students' critical thinking skills. This paper advances AIS education by sharing a field-based…

Solving Quantitative Problems: Guidelines for Teaching Derived from Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kramers-Pals, H.; Pilot, A.

1988-01-01

Presents four guidelines for teaching quantitative problem-solving based on research results: analyze difficulties of students, develop a system of heuristics, select and map key relations, and design instruction with proper orientation, exercise, and feedback. Discusses the four guidelines and uses flow charts and diagrams to show how the…

Statistical and Microscopic Approach to Gas Phase Chemical Kinetics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez, J. M.; Quereda, R.

1983-01-01

Describes advanced undergraduate laboratory exercise examining the dependence of the rate constants and the instantaneous concentrations with the nature and energy content in a gas-phase complex reaction. Computer program (with instructions and computation flow charts) used with the exercise is available from the author. (Author/JN)

Flow Separation

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-11-01

PLENUM CHAMBER 4 DIFFUSER 2 FIXEn NOZZLE BLOCK 5 MODEL i MOVABLE NOZZLE BLOCK 6 SUPPORT Fig. 3. Trl-Color Filter ...boun- dary layer ( Model 2) to examine scaling effects. Special attention was paid to the phenomenon of flow separation in three dimensions...consequence. Special attention should be paid to the difference in scale of an average boundary layer thickness between Model 1 and 2. Because

Local motion compensation in image sequences degraded by atmospheric turbulence: a comparative analysis of optical flow vs. block matching methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huebner, Claudia S.

2016-10-01

As a consequence of fluctuations in the index of refraction of the air, atmospheric turbulence causes scintillation, spatial and temporal blurring as well as global and local image motion creating geometric distortions. To mitigate these effects many different methods have been proposed. Global as well as local motion compensation in some form or other constitutes an integral part of many software-based approaches. For the estimation of motion vectors between consecutive frames simple methods like block matching are preferable to more complex algorithms like optical flow, at least when challenged with near real-time requirements. However, the processing power of commercially available computers continues to increase rapidly and the more powerful optical flow methods have the potential to outperform standard block matching methods. Therefore, in this paper three standard optical flow algorithms, namely Horn-Schunck (HS), Lucas-Kanade (LK) and Farnebäck (FB), are tested for their suitability to be employed for local motion compensation as part of a turbulence mitigation system. Their qualitative performance is evaluated and compared with that of three standard block matching methods, namely Exhaustive Search (ES), Adaptive Rood Pattern Search (ARPS) and Correlation based Search (CS).

The Elimination of Transfer Distances Is an Important Part of Hospital Design.

PubMed

Karvonen, Sauli; Nordback, Isto; Elo, Jussi; Havulinna, Jouni; Laine, Heikki-Jussi

2017-04-01

The objective of the present study was to describe how a specific patient flow analysis with from-to charts can be used in hospital design and layout planning. As part of a large renewal project at a university hospital, a detailed patient flow analysis was applied to planning the musculoskeletal surgery unit (orthopedics and traumatology, hand surgery, and plastic surgery). First, the main activities of the unit were determined. Next, the routes of all patients treated over the course of 1 year were studied, and their physical movements in the current hospital were calculated. An ideal layout of the new hospital was then generated to minimize transfer distances by placing the main activities with close to each other, according to the patient flow analysis. The actual architectural design was based on the ideal layout plan. Finally, we compared the current transfer distances to the distances patients will move in the new hospital. The methods enabled us to estimate an approximate 50% reduction in transfer distances for inpatients (from 3,100 km/year to 1,600 km/year) and 30% reduction for outpatients (from 2,100 km/year to 1,400 km/year). Patient transfers are nonvalue-added activities. This study demonstrates that a detailed patient flow analysis with from-to charts can substantially shorten transfer distances, thereby minimizing extraneous patient and personnel movements. This reduction supports productivity improvement, cross-professional teamwork, and patient safety by placing all patient flow activities close to each other. Thus, this method is a valuable additional tool in hospital design.

Sinus pericranii: diagnosis and management in 21 pediatric patients.

PubMed

Pavanello, Marco; Melloni, Ilaria; Antichi, Eleonora; Severino, Mariasavina; Ravegnani, Marcello; Piatelli, Gianluca; Cama, Armando; Rossi, Andrea; Gandolfo, Carlo

2015-01-01

Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare venous anomaly abnormally connecting the intracranial dural sinuses with the epicranial veins. In the present study the authors aimed to clarify this clinicoradiological entity, define the role of angiography in its preoperative assessment, and suggest a diagnostic-therapeutic flow chart for management purposes. The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts and neuroimages of 21 patients with SP. All patients underwent brain MRI, MR venography, and craniocerebral CT. Diagnostic digital subtraction angiography was performed in 19 of 21 patients, and the SPs were categorized as dominant (draining the majority of the intracranial venous outflow) or accessory (draining only a minority of the intracranial venous outflow). SP was median or paramedian in 20 patients and lateral in 1 patient. There were 5 dominant and 14 accessory SPs. The dominant SPs were not treated. Among the patients with accessory SP, 4 were not treated, 2 underwent surgical ligature, and 8 were treated endovascularly (with either transvenous or percutaneous embolization). No complications were observed, and symptoms disappeared after treatment in all cases. Accepted guidelines or recommendations concerning the management, diagnosis, and treatment of SP are still lacking. The authors define here a diagnostic-therapeutic flow chart, in which angiography plays a crucial role in the classification of SP and choice of the optimal treatment. Only accessory SP is amenable to treatment, whereas dominant SP must be preserved. The endovascular approach is becoming increasingly relevant and has proven to be safe and effective.

Key technology research of HILS based on real-time operating system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Fankai; Lu, Huiming; Liu, Che

2018-03-01

In order to solve the problems that the long development cycle of traditional simulation and digital simulation doesn't have the characteristics of real time, this paper designed a HILS(Hardware In the Loop Simulation) system based on the real-time operating platform xPC. This system solved the communication problems between HMI and Simulink models through the MATLAB engine interface, and realized the functions of system setting, offline simulation, model compiling and downloading, etc. Using xPC application interface and integrating the TeeChart ActiveX chart component to realize the monitoring function of real-time target application; Each functional block in the system is encapsulated in the form of DLL, and the data interaction between modules was realized by MySQL database technology. When the HILS system runs, search the address of the online xPC target by means of the Ping command, to establish the Tcp/IP communication between the two machines. The technical effectiveness of the developed system is verified through the typical power station control system.

A system architecture for a planetary rover

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, D. B.; Matijevic, J. R.

1989-01-01

Each planetary mission requires a complex space vehicle which integrates several functions to accomplish the mission and science objectives. A Mars Rover is one of these vehicles, and extends the normal spacecraft functionality with two additional functions: surface mobility and sample acquisition. All functions are assembled into a hierarchical and structured format to understand the complexities of interactions between functions during different mission times. It can graphically show data flow between functions, and most importantly, the necessary control flow to avoid unambiguous results. Diagrams are presented organizing the functions into a structured, block format where each block represents a major function at the system level. As such, there are six blocks representing telecomm, power, thermal, science, mobility and sampling under a supervisory block called Data Management/Executive. Each block is a simple collection of state machines arranged into a hierarchical order very close to the NASREM model for Telerobotics. Each layer within a block represents a level of control for a set of state machines that do the three primary interface functions: command, telemetry, and fault protection. This latter function is expanded to include automatic reactions to the environment as well as internal faults. Lastly, diagrams are presented that trace the system operations involved in moving from site to site after site selection. The diagrams clearly illustrate both the data and control flows. They also illustrate inter-block data transfers and a hierarchical approach to fault protection. This systems architecture can be used to determine functional requirements, interface specifications and be used as a mechanism for grouping subsystems (i.e., collecting groups of machines, or blocks consistent with good and testable implementations).

A review of reporting of participant recruitment and retention in RCTs in six major journals

PubMed Central

Toerien, Merran; Brookes, Sara T; Metcalfe, Chris; de Salis, Isabel; Tomlin, Zelda; Peters, Tim J; Sterne, Jonathan; Donovan, Jenny L

2009-01-01

Background Poor recruitment and retention of participants in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is problematic but common. Clear and detailed reporting of participant flow is essential to assess the generalisability and comparability of RCTs. Despite improved reporting since the implementation of the CONSORT statement, important problems remain. This paper aims: (i) to update and extend previous reviews evaluating reporting of participant recruitment and retention in RCTs; (ii) to quantify the level of participation throughout RCTs. Methods We reviewed all reports of RCTs of health care interventions and/or processes with individual randomisation, published July–December 2004 in six major journals. Short, secondary or interim reports, and Phase I/II trials were excluded. Data recorded were: general RCT details; inclusion of flow diagram; participant flow throughout trial; reasons for non-participation/withdrawal; target sample sizes. Results 133 reports were reviewed. Overall, 79% included a flow diagram, but over a third were incomplete. The majority reported the flow of participants at each stage of the trial after randomisation. However, 40% failed to report the numbers assessed for eligibility. Percentages of participants retained at each stage were high: for example, 90% of eligible individuals were randomised, and 93% of those randomised were outcome assessed. On average, trials met their sample size targets. However, there were some substantial shortfalls: for example 21% of trials reporting a sample size calculation failed to achieve adequate numbers at randomisation, and 48% at outcome assessment. Reporting of losses to follow up was variable and difficult to interpret. Conclusion The majority of RCTs reported the flow of participants well after randomisation, although only two-thirds included a complete flow chart and there was great variability over the definition of "lost to follow up". Reporting of participant eligibility was poor, making assessments of recruitment practice and external validity difficult. Reporting of participant flow throughout RCTs could be improved by small changes to the CONSORT chart. PMID:19591685

A review of reporting of participant recruitment and retention in RCTs in six major journals.

PubMed

Toerien, Merran; Brookes, Sara T; Metcalfe, Chris; de Salis, Isabel; Tomlin, Zelda; Peters, Tim J; Sterne, Jonathan; Donovan, Jenny L

2009-07-10

Poor recruitment and retention of participants in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is problematic but common. Clear and detailed reporting of participant flow is essential to assess the generalisability and comparability of RCTs. Despite improved reporting since the implementation of the CONSORT statement, important problems remain. This paper aims: (i) to update and extend previous reviews evaluating reporting of participant recruitment and retention in RCTs; (ii) to quantify the level of participation throughout RCTs. We reviewed all reports of RCTs of health care interventions and/or processes with individual randomisation, published July-December 2004 in six major journals. Short, secondary or interim reports, and Phase I/II trials were excluded. Data recorded were: general RCT details; inclusion of flow diagram; participant flow throughout trial; reasons for non-participation/withdrawal; target sample sizes. 133 reports were reviewed. Overall, 79% included a flow diagram, but over a third were incomplete. The majority reported the flow of participants at each stage of the trial after randomisation. However, 40% failed to report the numbers assessed for eligibility. Percentages of participants retained at each stage were high: for example, 90% of eligible individuals were randomised, and 93% of those randomised were outcome assessed. On average, trials met their sample size targets. However, there were some substantial shortfalls: for example 21% of trials reporting a sample size calculation failed to achieve adequate numbers at randomisation, and 48% at outcome assessment. Reporting of losses to follow up was variable and difficult to interpret. The majority of RCTs reported the flow of participants well after randomisation, although only two-thirds included a complete flow chart and there was great variability over the definition of "lost to follow up". Reporting of participant eligibility was poor, making assessments of recruitment practice and external validity difficult. Reporting of participant flow throughout RCTs could be improved by small changes to the CONSORT chart.

A multi-block adaptive solving technique based on lattice Boltzmann method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yang; Xie, Jiahua; Li, Xiaoyue; Ma, Zhenghai; Zou, Jianfeng; Zheng, Yao

2018-05-01

In this paper, a CFD parallel adaptive algorithm is self-developed by combining the multi-block Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR). The mesh refinement criterion of this algorithm is based on the density, velocity and vortices of the flow field. The refined grid boundary is obtained by extending outward half a ghost cell from the coarse grid boundary, which makes the adaptive mesh more compact and the boundary treatment more convenient. Two numerical examples of the backward step flow separation and the unsteady flow around circular cylinder demonstrate the vortex structure of the cold flow field accurately and specifically.

Modeling air concentration over macro roughness conditions by Artificial Intelligence techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roshni, T.; Pagliara, S.

2018-05-01

Aeration is improved in rivers by the turbulence created in the flow over macro and intermediate roughness conditions. Macro and intermediate roughness flow conditions are generated by flows over block ramps or rock chutes. The measurements are taken in uniform flow region. Efficacy of soft computing methods in modeling hydraulic parameters are not common so far. In this study, modeling efficiencies of MPMR model and FFNN model are found for estimating the air concentration over block ramps under macro roughness conditions. The experimental data are used for training and testing phases. Potential capability of MPMR and FFNN model in estimating air concentration are proved through this study.

Numerical analysis of mixing enhancement for micro-electroosmotic flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, G. H.; He, Y. L.; Tao, W. Q.

2010-05-01

Micro-electroosmotic flow is usually slow with negligible inertial effects and diffusion-based mixing can be problematic. To gain an improved understanding of electroosmotic mixing in microchannels, a numerical study has been carried out for channels patterned with wall blocks, and channels patterned with heterogeneous surfaces. The lattice Boltzmann method has been employed to obtain the external electric field, electric potential distribution in the electrolyte, the flow field, and the species concentration distribution within the same framework. The simulation results show that wall blocks and heterogeneous surfaces can significantly disturb the streamlines by fluid folding and stretching leading to apparently substantial improvements in mixing. However, the results show that the introduction of such features can substantially reduce the mass flow rate and thus effectively prolongs the available mixing time when the flow passes through the channel. This is a non-negligible factor on the effectiveness of the observed improvements in mixing efficiency. Compared with the heterogeneous surface distribution, the wall block cases can achieve more effective enhancement in the same mixing time. In addition, the field synergy theory is extended to analyze the mixing enhancement in electroosmotic flow. The distribution of the local synergy angle in the channel aids to evaluate the effectiveness of enhancement method.

Multi-objective Operation Chart Optimization for Aquatic Species Habitat Conservation of Cascaded Hydropower System on Yuan River, Southwestern China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, X.; Lei, X.; Fang, G.; Huang, X.

2017-12-01

Extensive cascading hydropower exploitation in southwestern China has been the subject of debate and conflict in recent years. Introducing limited ecological curves, a novel approach for derivation of hydropower-ecological joint operation chart of cascaded hydropower system was proposed, aiming to optimize the general hydropower and ecological benefits, and to alleviate the ecological deterioration in specific flood/dry conditions. The physical habitat simulation model is proposed initially to simulate the relationship between streamflow and physical habitat of target fish species and to determine the optimal ecological flow range of representative reach. The ecological—hydropower joint optimization model is established to produce the multi-objective operation chart of cascaded hydropower system. Finally, the limited ecological guiding curves were generated and added into the operation chart. The JS-MDS cascaded hydropower system on the Yuan River in southwestern China is employed as the research area. As the result, the proposed guiding curves could increase the hydropower production amount by 1.72% and 5.99% and optimize ecological conservation degree by 0.27% and 1.13% for JS and MDS Reservoir, respectively. Meanwhile, the ecological deterioration rate also sees a decrease from 6.11% to 1.11% for JS Reservoir and 26.67% to 3.89% for MDS Reservoir.

Sensing fluid pressure during plucking events in a natural bedrock channel and experimental flume

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilkinson, C.; Harbor, D. J.; Keel, D.; Levy, S.; Kuehner, J. P.

2016-12-01

River channel erosion by plucking is believed to be the dominant erosional process in channels with fractured or jointed bedrock. However, despite its significance as an erosional mechanism, plucking is poorly studied in both laboratory and natural channels. In previous flume studies, model bedrock was plucked by fluid forces alone in nonuniform flow near jumps and waves even where blocks do not protrude into the flow. Here we develop sensor systems to test the hypothesis that bed fluid pressure gradients lift "pluckable" bedrock blocks in a natural field setting and a hydraulic flume. The field setting closely mimics the previous flume setup; the instrumented block is downstream of a roughly 1m step and exhibits no protrusion into the flow. The presence of the step promotes nonuniform flow which changes pressure in the bedrock crack network; slabs of bedrock that have slid downstream and sediment that has been pushed upstream 3-4 m under the bed and in the cracks suggest the influence of pressure differences throughout the crack network and below the bed. In this initial deployment, we evaluate a sensor that monitors movement and simultaneous pressure above and below the block. Sensors are emplaced in a 26kg, 45-cm-long, 20-cm-wide block broken from a 4.5-m-long, 11-cm-thick sandstone bed with a dense network of cracks nearly parallel to flow direction and include a tri-axial accelerometer/gyroscope and two fluid pressure sensors. The electronics are housed in a custom-designed 3D-printed ABS waterproof capsule that is mounted in a vertical hole through the rock. A concurrent flume study develops the sensors necessary to investigate the longitudinal pressure difference below a step using multiple analog sensors (0-1 psi gauge pressure) mounted flush to a false floor under the center of a 30x14-cm test zone. The 15-mm-wide sensors are aligned along the flow centerline and are placed under 25 1-cm-thick "pluckable" bedrock blocks constructed with a proprietary plaster cement. Measured mean pressure and transmission of pressure pulses under the test bed are compared to the visual record of plucking. In addition, conducting runs with blocks removed permits simulation of the mean and varying pressure conditions above the modeled "pluckable" layer as a hydraulic jump is moved downstream through the step.

Description of input and examples for PHREEQC version 3: a computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Parkhurst, David L.; Appelo, C.A.J.

2013-01-01

PHREEQC version 3 is a computer program written in the C and C++ programming languages that is designed to perform a wide variety of aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC implements several types of aqueous models: two ion-association aqueous models (the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory model and WATEQ4F), a Pitzer specific-ion-interaction aqueous model, and the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) aqueous model. Using any of these aqueous models, PHREEQC has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations with reversible and irreversible reactions, which include aqueous, mineral, gas, solid-solution, surface-complexation, and ion-exchange equilibria, and specified mole transfers of reactants, kinetically controlled reactions, mixing of solutions, and pressure and temperature changes; and (3) inverse modeling, which finds sets of mineral and gas mole transfers that account for differences in composition between waters within specified compositional uncertainty limits. Many new modeling features were added to PHREEQC version 3 relative to version 2. The Pitzer aqueous model (pitzer.dat database, with keyword PITZER) can be used for high-salinity waters that are beyond the range of application for the Debye-Hückel theory. The Peng-Robinson equation of state has been implemented for calculating the solubility of gases at high pressure. Specific volumes of aqueous species are calculated as a function of the dielectric properties of water and the ionic strength of the solution, which allows calculation of pressure effects on chemical reactions and the density of a solution. The specific conductance and the density of a solution are calculated and printed in the output file. In addition to Runge-Kutta integration, a stiff ordinary differential equation solver (CVODE) has been included for kinetic calculations with multiple rates that occur at widely different time scales. Surface complexation can be calculated with the CD-MUSIC (Charge Distribution MUltiSIte Complexation) triple-layer model in addition to the diffuse-layer model. The composition of the electrical double layer of a surface can be estimated by using the Donnan approach, which is more robust and faster than the alternative Borkovec-Westall integration. Multicomponent diffusion, diffusion in the electrostatic double layer on a surface, and transport of colloids with simultaneous surface complexation have been added to the transport module. A series of keyword data blocks has been added for isotope calculations—ISOTOPES, CALCULATE_VALUES, ISOTOPE_ALPHAS, ISOTOPE_RATIOS, and NAMED_EXPRESSIONS. Solution isotopic data can be input in conventional units (for example, permil, percent modern carbon, or tritium units) and the numbers are converted to moles of isotope by PHREEQC. The isotopes are treated as individual components (they must be defined as individual master species) so that each isotope has its own set of aqueous species, gases, and solids. The isotope-related keywords allow calculating equilibrium fractionation of isotopes among the species and phases of a system. The calculated isotopic compositions are printed in easily readable conventional units. New keywords and options facilitate the setup of input files and the interpretation of the results. Keyword data blocks can be copied (keyword COPY) and deleted (keyword DELETE). Keyword data items can be altered by using the keyword data blocks with the _MODIFY extension and a simulation can be run with all reactants of a given index number (keyword RUN_CELLS). The definition of the complete chemical state of all reactants of PHREEQC can be saved in a file in a raw data format ( DUMP and _RAW keywords). The file can be read as part of another input file with the INCLUDE$ keyword. These keywords facilitate the use of IPhreeqc, which is a module implementing all PHREEQC version 3 capabilities; the module is designed to be used in other programs that need to implement geochemical calculations; for example, transport codes. Charting capabilities have been added to some versions of PHREEQC. Charting capabilities have been added to Windows distributions of PHREEQC version 3. (Charting on Linux requires installation of Wine.) The keyword data block USER_GRAPH allows selection of data for plotting and manipulation of chart appearance. Almost any results from geochemical simulations (for example, concentrations, activities, or saturation indices) can be retrieved by using Basic language functions and specified as data for plotting in USER_GRAPH. Results of transport simulations can be plotted against distance or time. Data can be added to a chart from tab-separated-values files. All input for PHREEQC version 3 is defined in keyword data blocks, each of which may have a series of identifiers for specific types of data. This report provides a complete description of each keyword data block and its associated identifiers. Input files for 22 examples that demonstrate most of the capabilities of PHREEQC version 3 are described and the results of the example simulations are presented and discussed.

Fascia iliaca compartment nerve block versus systemic pain control for acute femur fractures in the pediatric emergency department.

PubMed

Neubrand, Tara L; Roswell, Kelley; Deakyne, Sara; Kocher, Kendra; Wathen, Joseph

2014-07-01

To compare management of acute femur fractures in children who received a fascia iliaca compartment nerve block (FICNB) to those who received systemic intravenously administered analgesics in the pediatric emergency department. The comparison evaluated frequency of use, effectiveness, and associated adverse event profiles. Study population was derived from a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients sustaining acute femur fractures between 2005 and 2009. Cases (received FICNB) were compared with controls (only systemic analgesia) in terms of effectiveness and adverse event. Outcomes included total doses of systemic medications received and comparison of preintervention and postintervention pain scores. Two hundred fifty-nine charts were reviewed: 158 who received FICNB versus 101 who did not. The median dose of systemic medications was 1 dose lower in the FICNB group compared with the systemic medications group. This remained significant after controlling for age and preintervention pain scores (P = 0.02). Median postintervention pain scores in the FICNB group were 1.5 points lower than those in the systemic medications group. This remained significant while controlling for preintervention pain scores and age (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the total adverse events between the FICNB and the control group in either the unadjusted or adjusted analyses (P = 0.08). The FICNB group had 2 seizure episodes, one of which had associated subarachnoid hemorrhage. No patient in either group experienced bradycardia, arrhythmia, visual disturbance, abnormal hearing, mouth numbness, motor tremors, pain or bleeding at injection site, or prolonged nerve block. We report on the largest number of FICNBs administered in a pediatric emergency department for acute femur fractures. Effectiveness, as measured by pain scores and total doses of systemic analgesia, was improved in the FICNB group versus the control. There was no difference in adverse events between the groups.

FANS-3D Users Guide (ESTEP Project ER 201031)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-01

governing laminar and turbulent flows in body-fitted curvilinear grids. The code employs multi-block overset ( chimera ) grids, including fully matched...governing incompressible flow in body-fitted grids. The code allows for multi-block overset ( chimera ) grids, which can be fully matched, arbitrarily...interested reader may consult the Chimera Overset Structured Mesh-Interpolation Code (COSMIC) Users’ Manual (Chen, 2009). The input file used for

Estimated United States Transportation Energy Use 2005

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, C A; Simon, A J; Belles, R D

A flow chart depicting energy flow in the transportation sector of the United States economy in 2005 has been constructed from publicly available data and estimates of national energy use patterns. Approximately 31,000 trillion British Thermal Units (trBTUs) of energy were used throughout the United States in transportation activities. Vehicles used in these activities include automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, buses, airplanes, rail, and ships. The transportation sector is powered primarily by petroleum-derived fuels (gasoline, diesel and jet fuel). Biomass-derived fuels, electricity and natural gas-derived fuels are also used. The flow patterns represent a comprehensive systems view of energy used within themore » transportation sector.« less

Compliance Timeline and Applicability Determination for Paper and Other Web Coating National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This February 2003 document contains a diagram of dates and events for compliance with the NESHAP for Paper and Other Web Coating. Also on this page is an April 2004 flow chart to determine if the NESHAP applies to your facility.

SRM Manual, Selected Resource Materials: Description and Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alberta Dept. of Education, Edmonton. Special Educational Services Branch.

Provided in the manual is descriptive and evaluative information on 67 instructional materials or programs frequently used with exceptional children in Alberta schools. A flow chart describes the three methods of using the manual: l) to obtain descriptive and evaluative information of an instruction program in the manual 2) to classify and record…

Decision Support Systems: Applications in Statistics and Hypothesis Testing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olsen, Christopher R.; Bozeman, William C.

1988-01-01

Discussion of the selection of appropriate statistical procedures by educators highlights a study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of decision aids in facilitating the use of appropriate statistics. Experimental groups and a control group using a printed flow chart, a computer-based decision aid, and a standard text are described. (11…

STEADY-STATE DESIGN OF VERTICAL WELLS FOR LIQUIDS ADDITION AT BIOREACTOR LANDFILLS

EPA Science Inventory

This paper presents design charts that a landfill engineer can use for the design of a vertical well system for liquids addition at bioreactor landfills. The flow rate and lateral and vertical zones of impact of a vertical well were estimated as a function of input variables su...

A Computer Course for Business Students: Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waterhouse, Ann

This teacher's guide is for a course designed to teach business students the fundamentals of the BASIC language and computer programming using a series of business-oriented programs. Each lesson contains an introduction, flow charts, and computer programs. The six lesson topics are print-out and format control, count-average, withholding tax…

49 CFR 173.124 - Class 4, Divisions 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3-Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... material must be determined using the testing protocol from Figure 14.2 (Flow Chart for Assigning Self... HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS... Assignments and Exceptions for Hazardous Materials Other Than Class 1 and Class 7 § 173.124 Class 4, Divisions...

Biochemical Evolution of Iron and Copper Proteins, Substances Vital to Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frieden, Earl

1974-01-01

Summarizes studies in the area of biochemical evolution of iron, copper, and heme proteins to provide an historical outline. Included are lists of major kinds of proteins and enzymes and charts illustrating electron flow in a cytochrome electron transport system and interconversion of jerrous to ferric ion in iron metabolism. (CC)

An Improved Qualitative Analysis Procedure for Aluminum Subgroup Cations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kistner, C. R.; Robinson, Patricia J.

1983-01-01

Describes a procedure for the qualitative analysis of aluminum subgroup cations designed to avoid failure to obtain lead or barium chromate precipitates or failure to report aluminum hydroxide when present (due to staining). Provides a flow chart and step-by-step explanation for the new procedure, indicating significantly improved student results.…

Johnson-O'Malley Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Indian Affairs (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC.

Presenting narrative and tabular data re: American Indians and the Johnson-O'Malley Program, this 1972 annual report includes the following: an introduction to the JOM Program; 1972 program participation by states and districts; an historical synopsis of the JOM Program; a map of the JOM administrative areas; a flow chart depicting JOM…

Installation Restoration Program. Phase I: Records Search Willow Grove Air Reserve Facility, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-01

FLOW CHART Complet List of Location/Shtes Evaluation of Past Operations at LUste SNMe * ~Potential Hazard to Healh WelareS Reglaor Agencon consolidat...siting studies were also a part of this tions, soil, groundwater sampling and large complex project. analysis, and remedial concept engi- neering. Project

Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 3: Engineering creative/evaluation processes, phase 1, task 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrocq, C. A.; Hosek, J. J.

1973-01-01

A series of functional flow charts are considered that were developed to properly identify and record the degree of participation of the disciplines considered in this feasibility study and the type of data required in the design process.

19 CFR Appendix B to Part 191 - Sample Formats for Applications for Specific Manufacturing Drawback Rulings

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... When applicable, give equations of the chemical reactions. The attachment of a flow chart in addition... measurement of the merchandise used. This loss or gain is caused by atmospheric conditions, chemical reactions... finished article is intended. When applicable, give equations of the chemical reactions. The attachment of...

19 CFR Appendix B to Part 191 - Sample Formats for Applications for Specific Manufacturing Drawback Rulings

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... When applicable, give equations of the chemical reactions. The attachment of a flow chart in addition... measurement of the merchandise used. This loss or gain is caused by atmospheric conditions, chemical reactions... finished article is intended. When applicable, give equations of the chemical reactions. The attachment of...

19 CFR Appendix B to Part 191 - Sample Formats for Applications for Specific Manufacturing Drawback Rulings

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... When applicable, give equations of the chemical reactions. The attachment of a flow chart in addition... measurement of the merchandise used. This loss or gain is caused by atmospheric conditions, chemical reactions... finished article is intended. When applicable, give equations of the chemical reactions. The attachment of...

Advanced Electronics. Curriculum Development. Bulletin 1778.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eppler, Thomas

This document is a curriculum guide for a 180-hour course in advanced electronics for 11th and 12th grades that has four instructional units. The instructional units are orientation, discrete components, integrated circuits, and electronic systems. The document includes a course flow chart; a two-page section that describes the course, lists…

75 FR 59411 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Patents, Data, and Copyrights (DFARS Case 2010...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

....'' The items ``design details, algorithms, processes, flow charts, formulas, and related material that describe the design, organization, or structure'' of computer software had been added to the current... 252.227-7018, which serves as the post-award complement to the pre-award identification and assertion...

Schedule Risk Assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Greg

2003-01-01

Schedule risk assessments determine the likelihood of finishing on time. Each task in a schedule has a varying degree of probability of being finished on time. A schedule risk assessment quantifies these probabilities by assigning values to each task. This viewgraph presentation contains a flow chart for conducting a schedule risk assessment, and profiles applicable several methods of data analysis.

Assistive Technology for Students with Mild Disabilities: Update 2002. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Behrmann, Michael; Jerome, Marci Kinas

This digest discusses six identified areas of instruction in which assistive technology can aid students with mild disabilities. It begins by discussing how assistive technology can help the student's organization. Low-tech solutions are explained, including teaching students to organize their thoughts or work using flow-charting, task analysis,…

Human Behavior Based Exploratory Model for Successful Implementation of Lean Enterprise in Industry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawhney, Rupy; Chason, Stewart

2005-01-01

Currently available Lean tools such as Lean Assessments, Value Stream Mapping, and Process Flow Charting focus on system requirements and overlook human behavior. A need is felt for a tool that allows one to baseline personnel, determine personnel requirements and align system requirements with personnel requirements. Our exploratory model--The…

ROMPS critical design review. Volume 2: Robot module design documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dobbs, M. E.

1992-01-01

The robot module design documentation for the Remote Operated Materials Processing in Space (ROMPS) experiment is compiled. This volume presents the following information: robot module modifications; Easylab commands definitions and flowcharts; Easylab program definitions and flowcharts; robot module fault conditions and structure charts; and C-DOC flow structure and cross references.

Blocking, descent and gravity waves: Observations and modelling of a MAP northerly föhn event

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Qingfang; Doyle, James D.; Smith, Ronald B.

2005-01-01

A northerly föhn event observed during the special observational period of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme is investigated based on observational analysis and numerical modelling. The focus of this study includes three dynamical processes associated with mountain perturbations and their interactions, namely, windward flow blocking, descent and warming on the lee side, and mountain waves. Observations indicate the presence of a deep weak-flow layer underneath a stable layer, associated with Alpine-scale blocking. Satellite imagery reveals a föhninduced cloud-free area to the south of the Alps, which is consistent with flow descent diagnosed from radiosondes and constant-volume balloons. Moderate-amplitude stationary waves were observed by research aircraft over the major Alpine peaks. Satellite images and balloon data indicate the presence of stationary trapped-wave patterns located to the north of the Alpine massif.Satisfactory agreement is found between observations and a real-data COAMPS simulation nested to 1 km resolution. COAMPS indicates the presence of trapped waves associated with a sharp decrease of Scorer parameter above a stable layer in the mid-troposphere. Underneath the stable layer, moist low-level flow is blocked to the north of the Alps. The warm air in the stable layer descends in the lee and recovers its altitude over a relatively short horizontal distance through a hydraulic jump.Blocking reduces the effective mountain and hence significantly reduces mountain drag. A simple empirical formula for estimation of the effective mountain height, he, is derived based on numerical simulations. The formula states he/hc = (h/hc), where h is the real mountain height and hc is the critical mountain height to have flow stagnation.

Scale problems in assessment of hydrogeological parameters of groundwater flow models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nawalany, Marek; Sinicyn, Grzegorz

2015-09-01

An overview is presented of scale problems in groundwater flow, with emphasis on upscaling of hydraulic conductivity, being a brief summary of the conventional upscaling approach with some attention paid to recently emerged approaches. The focus is on essential aspects which may be an advantage in comparison to the occasionally extremely extensive summaries presented in the literature. In the present paper the concept of scale is introduced as an indispensable part of system analysis applied to hydrogeology. The concept is illustrated with a simple hydrogeological system for which definitions of four major ingredients of scale are presented: (i) spatial extent and geometry of hydrogeological system, (ii) spatial continuity and granularity of both natural and man-made objects within the system, (iii) duration of the system and (iv) continuity/granularity of natural and man-related variables of groundwater flow system. Scales used in hydrogeology are categorised into five classes: micro-scale - scale of pores, meso-scale - scale of laboratory sample, macro-scale - scale of typical blocks in numerical models of groundwater flow, local-scale - scale of an aquifer/aquitard and regional-scale - scale of series of aquifers and aquitards. Variables, parameters and groundwater flow equations for the three lowest scales, i.e., pore-scale, sample-scale and (numerical) block-scale, are discussed in detail, with the aim to justify physically deterministic procedures of upscaling from finer to coarser scales (stochastic issues of upscaling are not discussed here). Since the procedure of transition from sample-scale to block-scale is physically well based, it is a good candidate for upscaling block-scale models to local-scale models and likewise for upscaling local-scale models to regional-scale models. Also the latest results in downscaling from block-scale to sample scale are briefly referred to.

Synaptic Mechanisms of Action of Convulsion-Producing Anticholinesterases. Characterization of Di-Isopropyl Phosphorofluoridate-Induced Epileptiform Activity in the Mammalian Hippocampus.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-01

O ) OV6 ISOBSLET *SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Oc~ Dt. Entered) - 4 .. I,3...* %%S& P 4. A I IUN U ,13 ’ A ^II t~,.. I. f ltnew- A "viously...Abstr. 8:558, 1982. 73. Gustafsson, B., Galvan, M., Grafe, P . and Wigstrom, H. A transient outward current in a mammalian central neurone blocked by 4...TEST CHART N4ATIONAL BUREAU CF STANAROS -963 - A ............ ............ AD _ _ _ Report No. 1 SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF CONVULSION-PRODUCING

Versatile Measurement Techniques to Validate Analytical Structural Mechanical Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

temperature is about 33 C. 109 34 For flight 4P temperature and strain data versus flight time is presented. Also a scatter plot of strain for gage 2...versus temperature is shown. As shown in the chart the maximum strain was about 91 microstrain during flight 4P . The maximum temperature is about 87...some more data will be taken on some tests of steel blocks for VASM. 153 33 References • SBIR Topic AF# SD01-CBM04 • LUNA Draft Marketing Manual • Luna

Flow-Field Surveys for Rectangular Nozzles. Supplement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zaman, K. B. M. Q.

2012-01-01

Flow field survey results for three rectangular nozzles are presented for a low subsonic condition obtained primarily by hot-wire anemometry. The three nozzles have aspect ratios of 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1. A fourth case included has 2:1 aspect ratio with chevrons added to the long edges. Data on mean velocity, turbulent normal and shear stresses as well as streamwise vorticity are presented covering a streamwise distance up to sixteen equivalent diameters from the nozzle exit. These detailed flow properties, including initial boundary layer characteristics, are usually difficult to measure in high speed flows and the primary objective of the study is to aid ongoing and future computational and noise modeling efforts. This supplement contains data files, charts and source code.

Flow field analysis of aircraft configurations using a numerical solution to the three-dimensional unified supersonic/hypersonic small disturbance equations, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gunness, R. C., Jr.; Knight, C. J.; Dsylva, E.

1972-01-01

The unified small disturbance equations are numerically solved using the well-known Lax-Wendroff finite difference technique. The method allows complete determination of the inviscid flow field and surface properties as long as the flow remains supersonic. Shock waves and other discontinuities are accounted for implicity in the numerical method. This technique was programed for general application to the three-dimensional case. The validity of the method is demonstrated by calculations on cones, axisymmetric bodies, lifting bodies, delta wings, and a conical wing/body combination. Part 1 contains the discussion of problem development and results of the study. Part 2 contains flow charts, subroutine descriptions, and a listing of the computer program.

An adaptive mesh refinement-multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver for simulation of complex binary fluid flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, H. Z.; Wang, Y.; Shu, C.

2017-12-01

This paper presents an adaptive mesh refinement-multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver (AMR-MLBFS) for effective simulation of complex binary fluid flows at large density ratios. In this method, an AMR algorithm is proposed by introducing a simple indicator on the root block for grid refinement and two possible statuses for each block. Unlike available block-structured AMR methods, which refine their mesh by spawning or removing four child blocks simultaneously, the present method is able to refine its mesh locally by spawning or removing one to four child blocks independently when the refinement indicator is triggered. As a result, the AMR mesh used in this work can be more focused on the flow region near the phase interface and its size is further reduced. In each block of mesh, the recently proposed MLBFS is applied for the solution of the flow field and the level-set method is used for capturing the fluid interface. As compared with existing AMR-lattice Boltzmann models, the present method avoids both spatial and temporal interpolations of density distribution functions so that converged solutions on different AMR meshes and uniform grids can be obtained. The proposed method has been successfully validated by simulating a static bubble immersed in another fluid, a falling droplet, instabilities of two-layered fluids, a bubble rising in a box, and a droplet splashing on a thin film with large density ratios and high Reynolds numbers. Good agreement with the theoretical solution, the uniform-grid result, and/or the published data has been achieved. Numerical results also show its effectiveness in saving computational time and virtual memory as compared with computations on uniform meshes.

Second diastolic pulmonary venous flow and isolated late diastolic mitral valve regurgitation in first-degree atrioventricular block.

PubMed

Leibundgut, Gregor; Bernheim, Alain M

2010-04-01

The authors report the case of a 77-year-old male patient with sinus rhythm and a first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block who was referred for echocardiographic follow-up 18 years after aortic valve replacement. Left ventricular systolic function as well as the function of the aortic prosthesis was normal. Systolic mitral regurgitation (MR) was virtually absent, but isolated late diastolic MR was detected by colour Doppler imaging. Coincidental to the occurrence of diastolic MR, a second late diastolic forward flow in the pulmonary veins was observed. Therefore, during the prolonged left atrial relaxation caused by first-degree AV block, the left atrial pressure drops below the pressure in both adjacent chambers in late diastole, resulting in both late diastolic MR and a second diastolic pulmonary venous forward flow.

Turbulent Structure of a Simplified Urban Fluid Flow Studied Through Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monnier, Bruno; Goudarzi, Sepehr A.; Vinuesa, Ricardo; Wark, Candace

2018-02-01

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was used to provide a three-dimensional characterization of the flow around a simplified urban model defined by a 5 by 7 array of blocks, forming four parallel streets, perpendicular to the incoming wind direction corresponding to a zero angle of incidence. Channeling of the flow through the array under consideration was observed, and its effect increased as the incoming wind direction, or angle of incidence ( AOI), was changed from 0° to 15°, 30°, and 45°. The flow between blocks can be divided into two regions: a region of low turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) levels close to the leeward side of the upstream block, and a high TKE area close to the downstream block. The centre of the arch vortex is located in the low TKE area, and two regions of large streamwise velocity fluctuation bound the vortex in the spanwise direction. Moreover, a region of large spanwise velocity fluctuation on the downstream block is found between the vortex legs. Our results indicate that the reorientation of the arch vortex at increasing AOI is produced by the displacement of the different TKE regions and their interaction with the shear layers on the sides and top of the upstream and downstream blocks, respectively. There is also a close connection between the turbulent structure between the blocks and the wind gusts. The correlations among gust components were also studied, and it was found that in the near-wall region of the street the correlations between the streamwise and spanwise gusts R_{uv} were dominant for all four AOI cases. At higher wall-normal positions in the array, the R_{uw} correlation decreased with increasing AOI, whereas the R_{uv} coefficient increased as AOI increased, and at {it{AOI}}=45° all three correlations exhibited relatively high values of around 0.4.

Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap®) used as an audit tool with a built-in database.

PubMed

Kragelund, Signe H; Kjærsgaard, Mona; Jensen-Fangel, Søren; Leth, Rita A; Ank, Nina

2018-05-01

The aim of this study was to develop an audit tool with a built-in database using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap®) as part of an antimicrobial stewardship program at a regional hospital in the Central Denmark Region, and to analyse the need, if any, to involve more than one expert in the evaluation of cases of antimicrobial treatment, and the level of agreement among the experts. Patients treated with systemic antimicrobials in the period from 1 September 2015 to 31 August 2016 were included, in total 722 cases. Data were collected retrospectively and entered manually. The audit was based on seven flow charts regarding: (1) initiation of antimicrobial treatment (2) infection (3) prescription and administration of antimicrobials (4) discontinuation of antimicrobials (5) reassessment within 48 h after the first prescription of antimicrobials (6) microbiological sampling in the period between suspicion of infection and the first administration of antimicrobials (7) microbiological results. The audit was based on automatic calculations drawing on the entered data and on expert assessments. Initially, two experts completed the audit, and in the cases in which they disagreed, a third expert was consulted. In 31.9% of the cases, the two experts agreed on all elements of the audit. In 66.2%, the two experts reached agreement by discussing the cases. Finally, 1.9% of the cases were completed in cooperation with a third expert. The experts assessed 3406 flow charts of which they agreed on 75.8%. We succeeded in creating an audit tool with a built-in database that facilitates independent expert evaluation using REDCap. We found a large inter-observer difference that needs to be considered when constructing a project based on expert judgements. Our two experts agreed on most of the flow charts after discussion, whereas the third expert's intervention did not have any influence on the overall assessment. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Review of Recruitment, Adherence and Drop-Out Rates in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Trials in Children and Adolescents.

PubMed

van der Wurff, Inge S M; Meyer, Barbara J; de Groot, Renate H M

2017-05-10

The influence of n -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n -3 LCPUFA) supplementation on health outcomes has been studied extensively with randomized controlled trials (RCT). In many research fields, difficulties with recruitment, adherence and high drop-out rates have been reported. However, what is unknown is how common these problems are in n -3 LCPUFA supplementation studies in children and adolescents. Therefore, this paper will review n -3 LCPUFA supplementation studies in children and adolescents with regard to recruitment, adherence and drop-out rates. The Web of Science, PubMed and Ovid databases were searched for papers reporting on RCT supplementing children and adolescents (2-18 years) with a form of n -3 LCPUFA (or placebo) for at least four weeks. As a proxy for abiding to CONSORT guidelines, we noted whether manuscripts provided a flow-chart and provided dates defining the period of recruitment and follow-up. Ninety manuscripts (reporting on 75 studies) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies did not abide by the CONSORT guidelines: 55% did not provide a flow-chart, while 70% did not provide dates. The majority of studies provided minimal details about the recruitment process. Only 25 of the 75 studies reported an adherence rate which was on average 85%. Sixty-five of the 75 studies included drop-out rates which were on average 17%. Less than half of the included studies abided by the CONSORT guidelines (45% included a flow chart, while 30% reported dates). Problems with recruitment and drop-out seem to be common in n -3 LCPUFA supplementation trials in children and adolescents. However, reporting about recruitment, adherence and dropout rates was very heterogeneous and minimal in the included studies. Some techniques to improve recruitment, adherence and dropout rates were identified from the literature, however these techniques may need to be tailored to n -3 LCPUFA supplementation studies in children and adolescents.

Scaling of Two-Phase Flows to Partial-Earth Gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hurlbert, Kathryn M.; Witte, Larry C.

2003-01-01

A report presents a method of scaling, to partial-Earth gravity, of parameters that describe pressure drops and other characteristics of two-phase (liquid/ vapor) flows. The development of the method was prompted by the need for a means of designing two-phase flow systems to operate on the Moon and on Mars, using fluid-properties and flow data from terrestrial two-phase-flow experiments, thus eliminating the need for partial-gravity testing. The report presents an explicit procedure for designing an Earth-based test bed that can provide hydrodynamic similarity with two-phase fluids flowing in partial-gravity systems. The procedure does not require prior knowledge of the flow regime (i.e., the spatial orientation of the phases). The method also provides for determination of pressure drops in two-phase partial-gravity flows by use of a generalization of the classical Moody chart (previously applicable to single-phase flow only). The report presents experimental data from Mars- and Moon-activity experiments that appear to demonstrate the validity of this method.

Rockslide-debris avalanche of May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Glicken, Harry

1996-01-01

This report provides a detailed picture of the rockslide-debris avalanche of the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano. It provides a characterization of the deposit, a reinterpretation of the details of the first minutes of the eruption of May 18, and insight into the transport mechanism of the mass movement. Details of the rockslide event, as revealed by eyewitness photographs, are correlated with features of the deposit. The photographs show three slide blocks in the rockslide movement. Slide block I was triggered by a magnitude 5.1 earthquake at 8:32 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time (P.D.T.). An exploding cryptodome burst through slide block II to produce the 'blast surge.' Slide block III consisted of many discrete failures that were carried out in continuing pyroclastic currents generated from the exploding cryptodome. The cryptodome continued to depressurize after slide block III, producing a blast deposit that rests on top of the debris-avalanche deposit. The hummocky 2.5 cubic kilometer debris-avalanche deposit consists of block facies (pieces of the pre-eruption Mount St. Helens transported relatively intact) and matrix facies (a mixture of rocks from the old mountain and cryptodome dacite). Block facies is divided into five lithologic units. Matrix facies was derived from the explosively generated current of slide block III as well as from disaggregation and mixing of debris-avalanche blocks. The mean density of the old cone was measured to be abut 20 percent greater than the mean density of the avalanche deposit. Density in the deposit does not decrease with distance which suggests that debris-avalanche blocks were dilated at the mountain, rather than during transport. Various grain-size parameters that show that clast size converges about a mean with distance suggest mixing during transport. The debris-avalanche flow can be considered a grain flow, where particles -- either debris-avalanche blocks or the clasts within the blocks -- collided and created dispersive stress normal to the movement of material. The dispersive stress preserved the dilation of the material and allowed it to flow.

Investigation on the Core Bypass Flow in a Very High Temperature Reactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hassan, Yassin

2013-10-22

Uncertainties associated with the core bypass flow are some of the key issues that directly influence the coolant mass flow distribution and magnitude, and thus the operational core temperature profiles, in the very high-temperature reactor (VHTR). Designers will attempt to configure the core geometry so the core cooling flow rate magnitude and distribution conform to the design values. The objective of this project is to study the bypass flow both experimentally and computationally. Researchers will develop experimental data using state-of-the-art particle image velocimetry in a small test facility. The team will attempt to obtain full field temperature distribution using racksmore » of thermocouples. The experimental data are intended to benchmark computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes by providing detailed information. These experimental data are urgently needed for validation of the CFD codes. The following are the project tasks: • Construct a small-scale bench-top experiment to resemble the bypass flow between the graphite blocks, varying parameters to address their impact on bypass flow. Wall roughness of the graphite block walls, spacing between the blocks, and temperature of the blocks are some of the parameters to be tested. • Perform CFD to evaluate pre- and post-test calculations and turbulence models, including sensitivity studies to achieve high accuracy. • Develop the state-of-the art large eddy simulation (LES) using appropriate subgrid modeling. • Develop models to be used in systems thermal hydraulics codes to account and estimate the bypass flows. These computer programs include, among others, RELAP3D, MELCOR, GAMMA, and GAS-NET. Actual core bypass flow rate may vary considerably from the design value. Although the uncertainty of the bypass flow rate is not known, some sources have stated that the bypass flow rates in the Fort St. Vrain reactor were between 8 and 25 percent of the total reactor mass flow rate. If bypass flow rates are on the high side, the quantity of cooling flow through the core may be considerably less than the nominal design value, causing some regions of the core to operate at temperatures in excess of the design values. These effects are postulated to lead to localized hot regions in the core that must be considered when evaluating the VHTR operational and accident scenarios.« less

Age, gender, and voided volume dependency of peak urinary flow rate and uroflowmetry nomogram in the Indian population

PubMed Central

Kumar, Vikash; Dhabalia, Jayesh V.; Nelivigi, Girish G.; Punia, Mahendra S.; Suryavanshi, Manav

2009-01-01

Objectives: The objective of this study was measurement of urine flow parameters by a non invasive urodynamic test. Variation of flow rates based on voided volume, age, and gender are described. Different nomograms are available for different populations and racial differences of urethral physiology are described. Currently, there has been no study from the Indian population on uroflow parameters. So the purpose of this study was to establish normal reference ranges of maximum and average flow rates, to see the influence of age, gender, and voided volume on flow rates, and to chart these values in the form of a nomogram. Methods: We evaluated 1,011 uroflowmetry tests in different age groups in a healthy population (healthy relatives of our patients) 16-50 year old males, >50 year old males, 5-15 year old children, and >15 year pre-menopausal and post-menopausal females. The uroflowmetry was done using the gravitimetric method. Flow chart parameters were analyzed and statistical calculations were used for drawing uroflow nomograms. Results: Qmax values in adult males were significantly higher than in the elderly and Qmax values in young females were significantly higher than in young males. Qmax values in males increased with age until 15 years old; followed by a slow decline until reaching 50 years old followed by a rapid decline after 50 years old even after correcting voided volume. Qmax values in females increased with age until they reached age 15 followed by decline in flow rate until a pre-menopausal age followed by no significant decline in post-menopausal females. Qmax values increased with voided volume until 700 cc followed by a plateau and decline. Conclusions: Qmax values more significantly correlated with age and voided volume than Qavg. Nomograms were drawn in centile form to provide normal reference ranges. Qmax values in our population were lower than described in literature. Patients with voided volume up to 50 ml could be evaluated with a nomogram. PMID:19955668

Pyroclastic flow generated by crater-wall collapse and outpouring of the lava pool of Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alvarado, Guillermo E.; Soto, Gerardo J.

2002-01-01

The pyroclastic flow that issued from the Arenal summit crater on 28 August 1993 came from the collapse of the crater wall of the cone and the drainage of a lava pool. The 3-km-long pyroclastic flow, 2.2±0.8×106 m3 in volume, was confined to narrow valleys (30-100 m wide). The thickness of the pyroclastic deposit ranged from 1 to 10 m, and its temperature was about 400 °C, although single bombs were up to 1,000 °C. The deposit is clast-supported, has a bimodal grain size distribution, and consists of an intimate mixture of finely pulverized rock ash, lapilli, small blocks, and cauliflower bread-crusted bombs, in which are set meter-size lava fragments and juvenile and non-juvenile angular blocks, and bombs up to 7 m in diameter. Large faceted blocks make up 50% of the total volume of the deposit. The cauliflower bombs have deep and intricate bread-crust texture and post-depositional vesiculation. It is proposed that the juvenile material was produced entirely from a lava pool, whereas faceted non-juvenile blocks come from the crater-wall collapse. The concentration and maximum diameter of cauliflower bread-crusted bombs increases significantly from the base (rockslide + pyroclastic flow) to the top (the pyroclastic flow) of the deposit. An ash cloud deposited accretionary lapilli in the proximal region (outside of the pyroclastic flow deposit), and very fine ash fell in the distal region (between 5 and 30 km). The accretionary lapilli deposit is derived from the fine, elutriated products of the flow as it moved. A turbulent overriding surge blew down the surrounding shrubbery in the flow direction. The pyroclastic flow from August 1993, similar to the flows of June 1975, May 1998, August 2000, and March 2001, slid and rolled rather than being buoyed up by gas. They grooved, scratched, and polished the surfaces over which they swept, similar to a Merapi-type pyroclastic flow. However, the mechanism of the outpouring of a lava pool and the resulting flows composed of high- to moderate-vesiculated, cauliflower bread-crusted bombs and juvenile blocks have not been described before. High-frequency earthquake swarms, followed by an increase in low-frequency volcanic events, preceded the 1975, 1993, and 2000 eruptions 2-4 months before. These pyroclastic flow events, therefore, may be triggered by internal expansion of the unstable cone in the upper part because of a slight change in the pressure of the magma column (gas content and/or effusive rate). This phenomenon has important short-term, volcanic hazard implications for touristic development of some parts on the flanks of the volcano.

A case study of printing industry plant layout for effective production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viswajit, T.; Teja, T. Ravi; Deepthi, Y. P.

2017-07-01

This paper presents the overall picture of the processes happening in printing industry. This research is aimed to improve the plant layout of existing plant. The travel time was reduced by relocating machinery. Relocation is based on systematic layout planning (SLP). The complete process of raw material entering the industry to dispatching of finished product is shown in 3-D Flow diagram. The process happening in each floor explained in detail using Flow Process chart. Travel time is reduced by 25% after modifying existing plant layout.

R2D2-A Fortran Program for Two-Dimensional Chemically Reacting, Hyperthermal, Internal Flows, Volume II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

is identified in the flow chart simply as "Compute VECT’s ( predictor solution)" and "Compute V’s ( corrector solution)." A significant portion of the...TrintoTo Tm ANDera ionT SToION 28 ITIME :1 PRINCIPAL SUBROUTINES WALLPOINT (ITER,DT) ITER - iteration index for MacCormack Algorithm (ITER=1 for predictor ...WEILERSTEIN, R RAY, 6 MILLER F33615-7- C -3016UNLASSIFIED GASL-TR-254-VBL-2 AFFDL-TR-79-3162-VOL-2 NII III hImllllllllll EIEIIIIIIEIIEE EEIIIIIIIIIIII H

Studies on transonic Double Circular Arc (DCA) profiles of axial flow compressor calculations of profile design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rugun, Y.; Zhaoyan, Q.

1986-05-01

In this paper, the concepts and methods for design of high-Mach-number airfoils of axial flow compressor are described. The correlation-equations of main parameters such as geometries of airfoil and cascade, stream parameters and wake characteristic parameters of compressor are provided. For obtaining the total pressure loss coefficients of cascade and adopting the simplified calculating method, several curves and charts are provided by authors. The testing results and calculating values are compared, and both the results are in better agreement.

A scalable block-preconditioning strategy for divergence-conforming B-spline discretizations of the Stokes problem

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cortes, Adriano M.; Dalcin, Lisandro; Sarmiento, Adel F.

The recently introduced divergence-conforming B-spline discretizations allow the construction of smooth discrete velocity–pressure pairs for viscous incompressible flows that are at the same time inf–sup stable and pointwise divergence-free. When applied to the discretized Stokes problem, these spaces generate a symmetric and indefinite saddle-point linear system. The iterative method of choice to solve such system is the Generalized Minimum Residual Method. This method lacks robustness, and one remedy is to use preconditioners. For linear systems of saddle-point type, a large family of preconditioners can be obtained by using a block factorization of the system. In this paper, we show howmore » the nesting of “black-box” solvers and preconditioners can be put together in a block triangular strategy to build a scalable block preconditioner for the Stokes system discretized by divergence-conforming B-splines. Lastly, besides the known cavity flow problem, we used for benchmark flows defined on complex geometries: an eccentric annulus and hollow torus of an eccentric annular cross-section.« less

A scalable block-preconditioning strategy for divergence-conforming B-spline discretizations of the Stokes problem

DOE PAGES

Cortes, Adriano M.; Dalcin, Lisandro; Sarmiento, Adel F.; ...

2016-10-19

The recently introduced divergence-conforming B-spline discretizations allow the construction of smooth discrete velocity–pressure pairs for viscous incompressible flows that are at the same time inf–sup stable and pointwise divergence-free. When applied to the discretized Stokes problem, these spaces generate a symmetric and indefinite saddle-point linear system. The iterative method of choice to solve such system is the Generalized Minimum Residual Method. This method lacks robustness, and one remedy is to use preconditioners. For linear systems of saddle-point type, a large family of preconditioners can be obtained by using a block factorization of the system. In this paper, we show howmore » the nesting of “black-box” solvers and preconditioners can be put together in a block triangular strategy to build a scalable block preconditioner for the Stokes system discretized by divergence-conforming B-splines. Lastly, besides the known cavity flow problem, we used for benchmark flows defined on complex geometries: an eccentric annulus and hollow torus of an eccentric annular cross-section.« less

Block-structured grids for complex aerodynamic configurations: Current status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vatsa, Veer N.; Sanetrik, Mark D.; Parlette, Edward B.

1995-01-01

The status of CFD methods based on the use of block-structured grids for analyzing viscous flows over complex configurations is examined. The objective of the present study is to make a realistic assessment of the usability of such grids for routine computations typically encountered in the aerospace industry. It is recognized at the very outset that the total turnaround time, from the moment the configuration is identified until the computational results have been obtained and postprocessed, is more important than just the computational time. Pertinent examples will be cited to demonstrate the feasibility of solving flow over practical configurations of current interest on block-structured grids.

Persistence of asymmetry in nonaxisymmetric entry flow in a circular cylindrical tube and its relevance to arterial pulse wave diagnosis.

PubMed

Xue, H; Fung, Y C

1989-02-01

In an experiment motivated by the study of arterial blood flow along the lines suggested by the traditional Chinese medicine, the flow in a pipe whose lumen was blocked by a semi-circular plug two tube-diameters long was visualized by suspended particles, recorded by cinematography, and analyzed digitally. The Reynolds number was in the range of 100 to 450 based on the pipe diameter, similar to that of blood flow in the radial artery in the arms of man. The blockage was found to have a profound effect on the velocity profile of the flow in the wake, but it had little influence on the symmetry of the velocity profile upstream of the block, except in its immediate neighborhood. When the end conditions far away from the block were steady, the flow in the wake was steady. The asymmetry of the flow in the wake can be judged by the deviation of the location of the maximum axial velocity from the center line of the pipe as seen in the plane of symmetry of the blockage. Our results show that the deviation can be described as the sum of two components. The first is a strong one which decays exponentially in an entry length which is about twice as long as the classical Boussinesq entry length of axisymmetric flow. The second is a weaker component which is wavy spatially and persists far downstream (many times the entry length). The separated flow and vortex system behind the blockage are sensitive to the flow rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The effect of prewhirl on the internal aerodynamics and performance of a mixed flow research centrifugal compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bryan, William B.; Fleeter, Sanford

1987-01-01

The internal three-dimensional steady and time-varying flow through the diffusing elements of a centrifugal impeller were investigated using a moderate scale, subsonic, mixed flow research compressor facility. The characteristics of the test facility which permit the measurement of internal flow conditions throughout the entire research compressor and radial diffuser for various operating conditions are described. Results are presented in the form of graphs and charts to cover a range of mass flow rates with inlet guide vane settings varying from minus 15 degrees to plus 45 degrees. The static pressure distributions in the compressor inlet section and on the impeller and exit diffuser vanes, as well as the overall pressure and temperature rise and mass flow rate, were measured and analyzed at each operating point to determine the overall performance as well as the detailed aerodynamics throughout the compressor.

Liquid cooling applications on automotive exterior LED lighting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aktaş, Mehmet; Şenyüz, Tunç; Şenyıldız, Teoman; Kılıç, Muhsin

2018-02-01

In this study cooling of a LED unit with heatsink and liquid cooling block which is used in automotive head lamp applications has been investigated numerically and experimentally. Junction temperature of a LED which is cooled with heatsink and liquid cooling block obtained in the experiment. 23°C is used both in the simulation and the experiment phase. Liquid cooling block material is choosed aluminium (Al) and polyamide. All tests and simulation are performed with three different flow rate. Temperature distribution of the designed product is investigated by doing the numerical simulations with a commercially software. In the simulations, fluid flow is assumed to be steady, incompressible and laminar and 3 dimensional (3D) Navier-Stokes equations are used. According to the calculations it is obtained that junction temperature is higher in the heatsink design compared to block cooled one. By changing the block material, it is desired to investigate the variation on the LED junction temperature. It is found that more efficient cooling can be obtained in block cooling by using less volume and weight. With block cooling lifetime of LED can be increased and flux loss can be decreased with the result of decreased junction temperature.

An interactive multi-block grid generation system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kao, T. J.; Su, T. Y.; Appleby, Ruth

1992-01-01

A grid generation procedure combining interactive and batch grid generation programs was put together to generate multi-block grids for complex aircraft configurations. The interactive section provides the tools for 3D geometry manipulation, surface grid extraction, boundary domain construction for 3D volume grid generation, and block-block relationships and boundary conditions for flow solvers. The procedure improves the flexibility and quality of grid generation to meet the design/analysis requirements.

Analysis of Lean Initiatives in the Production of Naval Aviators

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

originated in the 1950s with an engineer named Eji Toyoda, and a production genius Taiichi Ohno at Toyota in Japan. Toyoda and Ohno are credited with...to flow wastes must be eliminated. Taiichi Ohno, the designer of the Toyota Production System, was obsessed with making materials flow and to...pooling between phases or blocks.  Producing quality defects . Delays (waiting).–Varying scheduling priorities for students during different blocks of

A new lumped-parameter approach to simulating flow processes in unsaturated dual-porosity media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zimmerman, R.W.; Hadgu, T.; Bodvarsson, G.S.

We have developed a new lumped-parameter dual-porosity approach to simulating unsaturated flow processes in fractured rocks. Fluid flow between the fracture network and the matrix blocks is described by a nonlinear equation that relates the imbibition rate to the local difference in liquid-phase pressure between the fractures and the matrix blocks. This equation is a generalization of the Warren-Root equation, but unlike the Warren-Root equation, is accurate in both the early and late time regimes. The fracture/matrix interflow equation has been incorporated into a computational module, compatible with the TOUGH simulator, to serve as a source/sink term for fracture elements.more » The new approach achieves accuracy comparable to simulations in which the matrix blocks are discretized, but typically requires an order of magnitude less computational time.« less

The efficacy of IntraFlow intraosseous injection as a primary anesthesia technique.

PubMed

Remmers, Todd; Glickman, Gerald; Spears, Robert; He, Jianing

2008-03-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of intraosseous injection and inferior alveolar (IA) nerve block in anesthetizing mandibular posterior teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Thirty human subjects were randomly assigned to receive either intraosseous injection using the IntraFlow system (Pro-Dex Inc, Santa Ana, CA) or IA block as the primary anesthesia method. Pulpal anesthesia was evaluated via electric pulp testing at 4-minute intervals for 20 minutes. Two consecutive 80/80 readings were considered successful pulpal anesthesia. Anesthesia success or failure was recorded and groups compared. Intraosseous injection provided successful anesthesia in 13 of 15 subjects (87%). The IA block provided successful anesthesia in 9 of 15 subjects (60%). Although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.2148), the results of this preliminary study indicate that the IntraFlow system can be used as the primary anesthesia method in teeth with irreversible pulpitis to achieve predictable pulpal anesthesia.

Heat Flow Budget of the Gulf of California Rift: Preliminary Results of a High Resolution Survey Across the Wagner Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Negrete-Aranda, R.; Neumann, F.; Harris, R. N.; Contreras, J.; Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.; Sclater, J. G.

2016-12-01

The thermal regime exerts a primary control on rift dynamics and mode of extension for continental lithosphere. We present three heat-flow profiles across the southern terminus of the Cerro Prieto fault, in the northern Gulf of California. The longest profile is 42 km and has a measurement spacing of 1 km that spans the hanging-wall block (Wagner basin) and the footwall block of that fault. Measurements were taken with a 6.5 m long Fielax, violin-bow probe. Most measurements are of good quality, i.e., the probe fully penetrated sediments and measurements were stable enough to perform reliable inversion for heat flow and thermal properties. However, it was necessary to perform numerous corrections due to environmental phenomena related the copious sedimentation in the area, and seasonal changes in water temperature. Our measurements indicate the total throughput across the central rift and its east shoulder is 15 KW/m per meter of rift length. More important, heat flow values cluster in three distinct spatial groups: (i) heat flow in the well sedimented depocenter of the Wagner basin is approximately 200 mW/m2; (ii) the footwall block heat-flow is approximately 400 mW/m2; and (iii) heat flow across the fault zone is very high, up to 5,000 mW/m2. Our interpretation is that the former value represents the background conductive heat flow in the rift whereas heat flow across the fault represents advective heat transport by hydrothermal fluids. The high heat flow in the footwall block of the Cerro Prieto fault might be result of both conductive and advective heat transfer by fluid seepage from the basin. These data provide evidence that fluids from deep magma bodies transported along faults assist rifting in the northern Gulf of California. We are exploring how fluids may play a role in weakening the lithosphere and help localizing/delocalizing strain along major transforms and numerous normal faults observed in the area.

Identification of a Genomic Signature Predicting for Recurrence in Early Stage Ovarian Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

55 Fruit St Boston, MA 02114-2554 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical...Sections were then dehydrated in 100% EtOH and air-dried before macro- dissection using a sterile, RNase-free scalpel. Figure 2. Flow-chart of

Basic Electricity/Electronics (Industrial Arts). Vocational Education Curriculum Guide. Bulletin 1724.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Baton Rouge. Div. of Vocational Education.

This curriculum guide is designed to assist industrial arts teachers, counselors, and administrators in improving instruction in the areas of electricity and basic electronics. Included in the first part of the guide are a course flow chart, a course description, a discussion of target grade levels and prerequisites, course goals and objectives,…

Return to the red planet: The Mars Observer Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

French, Bevan M.; Young, Carolynn (Editor)

1993-01-01

An overview of the Mars Observer Mission is discussed. Highlights include: (1) the spacecraft; (2) the instrumentation and science experiments; (3) the countries involved; (4) the flight teams; and (5) the planet Mars itself (a brief history). Photographs and flow charts are included, along with diagrams of instrumentation and a brief historical narrative of space observation and exploration.

Improving The Prototyping Process In Department Of Defense Acquisition

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

System Flow Chart ................................................. 39 Figure 13. TRL Definitions (from ASD [R&E] 2011... ASD (R&E) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering BCL Business Capability Life cycle CDD Capability Development Document CDR...TRL 6 cannot be attained until the technology has been demonstrated in a relevant operational environment ( ASD [R&E] 2011). A technology that has

Operation Prime Program (Central Junior High School), Title I Evaluation, 1973-76.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granite School District, Salt Lake City, UT.

This document consists of reports (for the 1973-1974, 1974-1975, and 1975-1976 school years) of an individualized reading and math program designed for secondary school students functioning below their grade level. The program involves a management system using flow charts, independent study, student motivation provided by free time in a…

Pennsylvania Environmental Education Master Plan. New Direction Across the State... ...For the Total Community.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennsylvania State Dept. of Environmental Resources, Harrisburg.

This document is Pennsylvania's master plan for environmental education (EE). It includes: (1) a list of planning principles and guidelines to enhance implementation of the master plan; (2) a flow chart illustrating feasibility, planning, action, and impact phases for the years 1983-85; (3) a summary of major recommendations; (4) a chart…

Section I: Basic Electricity. Syllabus in Trade Electricity-Electronics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany. Bureau of Occupational and Career Curriculum Development.

This section describes the first of a three part curriculum in trade electricity-electronics (each part is described in a separate volume). It presents a unit of 6 to 10 weeks duration which develops only those competencies necessary to all electricity or electronics employment. A flow chart indicates how an individual student's program can be…

Compliance Timeline, Compliance Options, and Required Notifications for Surface Coating of Wood Building Products National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This January 2005 document contains a diagram of dates and events for compliance with the NESHAP for surface coating of wood building products. Also on this page is a January 2005 document with flow charts to demonstrate compliance options for the NESHAP

Planning for Schools of Choice: Achieving Equity and Excellence. Book II--Planning Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clinchy, Evans; Kolb, Frances Arick, Ed.

Designed to aid school personnel considering school choice as a possible desegregation method, this booklet explains the principles of controlled choice, presents an overall plan and flow chart, and reviews the types of organizations that might be developed. Controlled choice is a desegregation method that is voluntary, empowers parents and school…

Analysis of a Digital Technique for Frequency Transposition of Speech.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

scaled excitation function drives the vocal tract model. In a phone interview with James Kaiser of Bell Laboratories, he mentioned that current thinking...is processed using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and then low pass filtered if desired. mAbe (Pb) FFT LPF- nih ~a s5ee.. S. 4Nrf#Nr Flow Chart for

Mathematics for the Technical Student: The Use of the Computer in the Systems Approach to Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Capps, Joan P.

An instructional method using flow-chart symbols to make mathematical abstractions more concrete was implemented for a year in a technical mathematics course. Students received instruction in computer applications and programming in the BASIC language in order to increase motivation and firm the mathematical skills and problem-solving approaches…

Automated Program Recognition by Graph Parsing

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

structures (cliches) in a program can help an experienced programmer understand the program. Based on the known relationships between the clichis, a...Graph Parsing Linda Mary Wills Abstract The recognition of standard computational structures (cliches) in a program can help an experienced programmer...3.4.1 Structure -Sharing ....... ............................ 76 3.4.2 Aggregation ....................................... 80 2 3.5 Chart Parsing Flow

Statistical Measures, Hypotheses, and Tests in Applied Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saville, David J.; Rowarth, Jacqueline S.

2008-01-01

This article reviews and discusses the use of statistical concepts in a natural resources and life sciences journal on the basis of a census of the articles published in a recent issue of the "Agronomy Journal" and presents a flow chart and a graph that display the inter-relationships between the most commonly used statistical terms. It also…

Identifying, Tracking, and Prioritizing Parts Unavailability

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

of RFM with MRP Equivalents in Parentheses ................ 13 Figure 2. Flow Chart of Repair Process...by the Air Force is the Reparability Forecast Model (RFM). The RFM operates similar to a Material Requirements Planning ( MRP ) system, where it...Outputs of RFM with MRP Equivalents in Parentheses (Gaudette et al, 2002: 7) The Reparability Forecast Model does not determine stock levels or

Calculus: A Computer Oriented Presentation, Part 1 [and] Part 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stenberg, Warren; Walker, Robert J.

Parts one and two of a one-year computer-oriented calculus course (without analytic geometry) are presented. The ideas of calculus are introduced and motivated through computer (i.e., algorithmic) concepts. An introduction to computing via algorithms and a simple flow chart language allows the book to be self-contained, except that material on…

Orbital transfer vehicle studies overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perkinson, Don

1987-01-01

An overview is given in viewgraph form of orbital transfer vehicle concept definition and systems analysis studies. Project development flow charts are shown for key milestones from 1985 until 1997. Diagrams of vehicles are given. Information is presented in outline form on technology requirements, cooling of propellant tanks, cryogenic fluid management, quick connect/disconnect fluid interfaces and propellant mass transfer.

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, China, 16th International Congress of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing -- Vol. 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-26

introduction, review and prospects." AUTOCARTO 8 pp 510-519. [VOY 10] VOYER: " Moteurs de systemes experts." Eyrolles editions 61, Bd. St.-Germain 75005...each knowlege Output of Extrated Results Oceanic Conditions Extraction Meta -Rule Base Figure 3. General Flow Chart of the System 207

Skylab S-191 spectrometer single spectral scan analysis program. [user manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Downes, E. L.

1974-01-01

Documentation and user information for the S-191 single spectral scan analysis program are reported. A breakdown of the computational algorithms is supplied, followed by the program listing and examples of sample output. A copy of the flow chart which describes the driver routine in the body of the main program segment is included.

Mapping individual logical processes in information searching

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smetana, F. O.

1974-01-01

An interactive dialog with a computerized information collection was recorded and plotted in the form of a flow chart. The process permits one to identify the logical processes employed in considerable detail and is therefore suggested as a tool for measuring individual thought processes in a variety of situations. A sample of an actual test case is given.

Power/Energy (Industrial Arts). Vocational Education Curriculum Guide. Bulletin 1723.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Baton Rouge. Div. of Vocational Education.

This curriculum guide is designed to assist industrial arts practitioners in improving instruction in the areas of energy and power technology. Included in the first part of the guide are a course flow chart, a course description, a discussion of target grade levels and prerequisites, course goals and objectives, an introduction, and a course…

College Achievement Through Self-Help. A Planning and Guidance Manual For Minority Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nieves, Luis

In this manual for minority students in higher education, advice is provided on the following topics: (1) methods of self personality assessment, including lists, questions, and flow charts; (2) suggestions for budgeting study time in an individual schedule; (3) relaxation techniques to combat anxiety; (4) methods of self-management in cases of…

New York State Educational Information System (NYSEIS) Systems Design. Volume I, Phase II. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price Waterhouse and Co., New York, NY.

This volume on Phase II of the New York State Educational Information System (NYSEIS) describes the Gross Systems Analysis and Design, which includes the general flow diagram and processing chart for each of the student, personnel, and financial subsystems. Volume II, Functional Specifications, includes input/output requirements and file…

Teaching Inferential Statistics to Social Work Students: A Decision-Making Flow Chart

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calderwood, Kimberly A.

2012-01-01

Given that social work research courses are typically built on modernist principles of teaching and content, it is not surprising that the majority of social work students dread these courses. Few attempts have been made to better align the modernist content of quantitative research with the postmodern philosophy and values inherent in current…

Aerodynamic Design of Axial-flow Compressors. Volume III

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Irving A; Bullock, Robert O; Graham, Robert W; Costilow, Eleanor L; Huppert, Merle C; Benser, William A; Herzig, Howard Z; Hansen, Arthur G; Jackson, Robert J; Yohner, Peggy L;

Methods for Estimating Withdrawal and Return Flow by Census Block for 2005 and 2020 for New Hampshire

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hayes, Laura; Horn, Marilee A.

2009-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, estimated the amount of water demand, consumptive use, withdrawal, and return flow for each U.S. Census block in New Hampshire for the years 2005 (current) and 2020. Estimates of domestic, commercial, industrial, irrigation, and other nondomestic water use were derived through the use and innovative integration of several State and Federal databases, and by use of previously developed techniques. The New Hampshire Water Demand database was created as part of this study to store and integrate State of New Hampshire data central to the project. Within the New Hampshire Water Demand database, a lookup table was created to link the State databases and identify water users common to more than one database. The lookup table also allowed identification of withdrawal and return-flow locations of registered and unregistered commercial, industrial, agricultural, and other nondomestic users. Geographic information system data from the State were used in combination with U.S. Census Bureau spatial data to locate and quantify withdrawals and return flow for domestic users in each census block. Analyzing and processing the most recently available data resulted in census-block estimations of 2005 water use. Applying population projections developed by the State to the data sets enabled projection of water use for the year 2020. The results for each census block are stored in the New Hampshire Water Demand database and may be aggregated to larger political areas or watersheds to assess relative hydrologic stress on the basis of current and potential water availability.

Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis to Improve the Processing Flow of the Orion Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stambolian, Damon B.; Schlierf, Roland; Miller, Darcy; Posada, Juan; Haddock, Mike; Haddad, Mike; Tran, Donald; Henderon, Gena; Barth, Tim

2011-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the use of Human factors and timeline analysis to have a more efficient and effective processing flow. The solution involved developing a written timeline of events that included each activity within each functional flow block. Each activity had computer animation videos and pictures of the people involved and the hardware. The Human Factors Engineering Analysis Tool (HFEAT) was improved by modifying it to include the timeline of events. The HFEAT was used to define the human factors requirements and design solutions were developed for these requirements. An example of a functional flow block diagram is shown, and a view from one of the animations (i.e., short stack pallet) is shown and explained.

A spectral chart method for estimating the mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Djenidi, L.; Antonia, R. A.

2012-10-01

We present an empirical but simple and practical spectral chart method for determining the mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate < \\varepsilon rangle in a variety of turbulent flows. The method relies on the validity of the first similarity hypothesis of Kolmogorov (C R (Doklady) Acad Sci R R SS, NS 30:301-305, 1941) (or K41) which implies that spectra of velocity fluctuations scale on the kinematic viscosity ν and < \\varepsilon rangle at large Reynolds numbers. However, the evidence, based on the DNS spectra, points to this scaling being also valid at small Reynolds numbers, provided effects due to inhomogeneities in the flow are negligible. The methods avoid the difficulty associated with estimating time or spatial derivatives of the velocity fluctuations. It also avoids using the second hypothesis of K41, which implies the existence of a -5/3 inertial subrange only when the Taylor microscale Reynods number R λ is sufficiently large. The method is in fact applied to the lower wavenumber end of the dissipative range thus avoiding most of the problems due to inadequate spatial resolution of the velocity sensors and noise associated with the higher wavenumber end of this range.The use of spectral data (30 ≤ R λ ≤ 400) in both passive and active grid turbulence, a turbulent mixing layer and the turbulent wake of a circular cylinder indicates that the method is robust and should lead to reliable estimates of < \\varepsilon rangle in flows or flow regions where the first similarity hypothesis should hold; this would exclude, for example, the region near a wall.

Variable High Order Multiblock Overlapping Grid Methods for Mixed Steady and Unsteady Multiscale Viscous Flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sjogreen, Bjoern; Yee, H. C.

2007-01-01

Flows containing steady or nearly steady strong shocks in parts of the flow field, and unsteady turbulence with shocklets on other parts of the flow field are difficult to capture accurately and efficiently employing the same numerical scheme even under the multiblock grid or adaptive grid refinement framework. On one hand, sixth-order or higher shock-capturing methods are appropriate for unsteady turbulence with shocklets. On the other hand, lower order shock-capturing methods are more effective for strong steady shocks in terms of convergence. In order to minimize the shortcomings of low order and high order shock-capturing schemes for the subject flows,a multi- block overlapping grid with different orders of accuracy on different blocks is proposed. Test cases to illustrate the performance of the new solver are included.

Knowledge and Processes in Design

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-03

Orqanization Name(s) and Address(es). Self-explanatory. Block 16. Price Code. Enter approoriate price Block 8. Performing Organization Report code...NTIS on/y). Number. Enter the unique alphanumerc report number(s) assigned by the organization periorming the report. Blocks 17.-19...statement codings were then organized into larger control-flow structures centered around design components called modules. The general assumption was

FlowSOM: Using self-organizing maps for visualization and interpretation of cytometry data.

PubMed

Van Gassen, Sofie; Callebaut, Britt; Van Helden, Mary J; Lambrecht, Bart N; Demeester, Piet; Dhaene, Tom; Saeys, Yvan

2015-07-01

The number of markers measured in both flow and mass cytometry keeps increasing steadily. Although this provides a wealth of information, it becomes infeasible to analyze these datasets manually. When using 2D scatter plots, the number of possible plots increases exponentially with the number of markers and therefore, relevant information that is present in the data might be missed. In this article, we introduce a new visualization technique, called FlowSOM, which analyzes Flow or mass cytometry data using a Self-Organizing Map. Using a two-level clustering and star charts, our algorithm helps to obtain a clear overview of how all markers are behaving on all cells, and to detect subsets that might be missed otherwise. R code is available at https://github.com/SofieVG/FlowSOM and will be made available at Bioconductor. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

Evaluation Studies of the DEN-2/S-1 Vaccine.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

1.0 3.0, L o 1 .0 I11 125 11111 1.4 n .6_t _ MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL WII ALI 0 MF S’ANDAkLT, ,’I, A ;40- AD EVALUATION STUDIES OF THE...monkeys Vaccination DEN-2/S-l Vaccine /AE TlhACT ( i - ,ewr e e1 If .,ceweu7 amd Iderdtlfy by block number) A dengue-2 live virus vaccine was tested in...viremia was detected in control animals. Serological tests were pi.r- formed on sera taken on post infection days 30,56 and 90. HI tests revealed sero

Application of blocking diagnosis methods to General Circulation Models. Part I: a novel detection scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barriopedro, D.; García-Herrera, R.; Trigo, R. M.

2010-12-01

This paper aims to provide a new blocking definition with applicability to observations and model simulations. An updated review of previous blocking detection indices is provided and some of their implications and caveats discussed. A novel blocking index is proposed by reconciling two traditional approaches based on anomaly and absolute flows. Blocks are considered from a complementary perspective as a signature in the anomalous height field capable of reversing the meridional jet-based height gradient in the total flow. The method succeeds in identifying 2-D persistent anomalies associated to a weather regime in the total flow with blockage of the westerlies. The new index accounts for the duration, intensity, extension, propagation, and spatial structure of a blocking event. In spite of its increased complexity, the detection efficiency of the method is improved without hampering the computational time. Furthermore, some misleading identification problems and artificial assumptions resulting from previous single blocking indices are avoided with the new approach. The characteristics of blocking for 40 years of reanalysis (1950-1989) over the Northern Hemisphere are described from the perspective of the new definition and compared to those resulting from two standard blocking indices and different critical thresholds. As compared to single approaches, the novel index shows a better agreement with reported proxies of blocking activity, namely climatological regions of simultaneous wave amplification and maximum band-pass filtered height standard deviation. An additional asset of the method is its adaptability to different data sets. As critical thresholds are specific of the data set employed, the method is useful for observations and model simulations of different resolutions, temporal lengths and time variant basic states, optimizing its value as a tool for model validation. Special attention has been paid on the devise of an objective scheme easily applicable to General Circulation Models where observational thresholds may be unsuitable due to the presence of model bias. Part II of this study deals with a specific implementation of this novel method to simulations of the ECHO-G global climate model.

Multi-blocking strategies for the INS3D incompressible Navier-Stokes code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gatlin, Boyd

1990-01-01

With the continuing development of bigger and faster supercomputers, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a useful tool for real-world engineering design and analysis. However, the number of grid points necessary to resolve realistic flow fields numerically can easily exceed the memory capacity of available computers. In addition, geometric shapes of flow fields, such as those in the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) power head, may be impossible to fill with continuous grids upon which to obtain numerical solutions to the equations of fluid motion. The solution to this dilemma is simply to decompose the computational domain into subblocks of manageable size. Computer codes that are single-block by construction can be modified to handle multiple blocks, but ad-hoc changes in the FORTRAN have to be made for each geometry treated. For engineering design and analysis, what is needed is generalization so that the blocking arrangement can be specified by the user. INS3D is a computer program for the solution of steady, incompressible flow problems. It is used frequently to solve engineering problems in the CFD Branch at Marshall Space Flight Center. INS3D uses an implicit solution algorithm and the concept of artificial compressibility to provide the necessary coupling between the pressure field and the velocity field. The development of generalized multi-block capability in INS3D is described.

Medial approach of ultrasound-guided costoclavicular plexus block and its effects on regional perfussion.

PubMed

Nieuwveld, D; Mojica, V; Herrera, A E; Pomés, J; Prats, A; Sala-Blanch, X

2017-04-01

Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block in the costoclavicular space located between the clavicle and the first rib, reaches the secondary trunks when they are clustered together and lateral to the axillary artery. This block is most often performed through a lateral approach, the difficulty being finding the coracoid process an obstacle and guiding the needle towards the vessels and pleura. A medial approach, meaning from inside to outside, will avoid these structures. Traditionally the assessment of a successful block is through motor or sensitive responses but a sympathetic fibre block can also be evaluated measuring the changes in humeral artery blood flow, skin temperature and/or perfusion index. To describe the medial approach of the ultrasound-guided costoclavicular block evaluating its development by motor and sensitive response and measurement of sympathetic changes. Description of the technique and administration of 20ml of contrast in a fresh cadaver model, evaluating the distribution with CT-scan and sagittal sections of the anatomic piece. Subsequently in a clinical phase, including 11 patients, we evaluated the establishment of motor, sensitive and sympathetic blocks. We evaluated the sympathetic changes reflected by humeral artery blood flow, skin temperature and distal perfusion index. In the anatomical model the block was conducted without difficulties, showing an adequate periclavicular distribution of the contrast in the CT-scan and in sagittal sections, reaching the interscalenic space as far as the secondary trunks. Successful blocks were observed in 91% of patients after 25minutes. All the parameters reflecting sympathetic block increased significantly. The humeral artery blood flow showed an increase from 108 ± 86 to 188±141ml/min (P=.05), skin temperature from 32.1±2 to 32.8±9°C (P=.03) and perfusion index from 4±3 to 9±5 (P=.003). The medial approach of the ultrasound-guided costoclavicular block is anatomically feasible, with high clinical effectiveness using 20ml of 1.5% mepivacaine. The sympathetic block can be evaluated with all three parameters studied. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Counterrotating prop-fan simulations which feature a relative-motion multiblock grid decomposition enabling arbitrary time-steps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Janus, J. Mark; Whitfield, David L.

1990-01-01

Improvements are presented of a computer algorithm developed for the time-accurate flow analysis of rotating machines. The flow model is a finite volume method utilizing a high-resolution approximate Riemann solver for interface flux definitions. The numerical scheme is a block LU implicit iterative-refinement method which possesses apparent unconditional stability. Multiblock composite gridding is used to orderly partition the field into a specified arrangement of blocks exhibiting varying degrees of similarity. Block-block relative motion is achieved using local grid distortion to reduce grid skewness and accommodate arbitrary time step selection. A general high-order numerical scheme is applied to satisfy the geometric conservation law. An even-blade-count counterrotating unducted fan configuration is chosen for a computational study comparing solutions resulting from altering parameters such as time step size and iteration count. The solutions are compared with measured data.

Study on turbulent flow and heat transfer performance of tubes with internal fins in EGR cooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Lin; Ling, Xiang; Peng, Hao

2015-07-01

In this paper, flow and heat transfer performances of the tubes with internal longitudinal fins in Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR ) cooler were investigated by three-dimension computation and experiment . Each test tube was a single-pipe structure, without inner tube. Three-dimension computation was performed to determine the thermal characteristics difference between the two kinds of tubes, that is, the tube with an inner solid staff as a blocked structure and the tube without the blocked structure. The effects of fin width and fin height on heat transfer and flow are examined. For proving the validity of numerical method, the calculated results were compared with corresponding experimental data. The tube-side friction factor and heat transfer coefficient were examined. As a result, the maximum deviations between the numerical results and the experimental data are approximately 5.4 % for friction factor and 8.6 % for heat transfer coefficient, respectively. It is found that two types of internally finned tubes enhance significantly heat transfer. The heat transfer of the tube with blocked structure is better, while the pressure drop of the tube without blocked structure is lower. The comprehensive performance of the unblocked tube is better to applied in EGR cooler.

Relations between the structure of storage and the transport of chemical compounds in karstic aquifers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaute, L.; Drogue, C.; Garrelly, L.; Ghelfenstein, M.

1997-12-01

Study of the movement of chemical compounds naturally present in the water, or which result from pollution, are examined according to the reservoir structure in karstic aquifers. Structure is represented by a simple geometrical model; slow flow takes place in blocks with a network of low-permeability cracks. The blocks are separated by highly permeable karstic conduits that allow rapid flow, and these form the aquifer drainage system. The karst studied covers 110 km 2. It is fed by an interrupted stream draining a 35 km 2 non-karstic basin, contaminated at the entry to the karst by effluents from a sewage treatment station. The underground water reappears as a resurgence with an annual average flow of approximately 1 m 3 s -1, after an apparent underground course of 8 km in the karst. Several local sources of pollution (effluent from septic tanks) contaminate the underground water during its course. Sixteen measurement operations were performed at 12 water points, between the interrupted stream and the spring. Some sampling points were at drains, and others were in the low-permeability fissured blocks. Comparison at each point of the concentrations of 14 chemical compounds gave the following results: when pollutant discharge occurs in a permeable zone, movement is rapid in the drainage network formed by the karstic conduits, and does not reach the less permeable fissured blocks which are thus protected; however, if discharge is in a low-permeability zone, the flow does not allow rapid movement of the polluted water, and this increases the pollutant concentration at the discharge. This simple pattern can be upset by a reversal of the apparent piezometric gradient between a block and a conduit during floods or pumping; this may reverse flow directions and hence modify the movement of contaminants. The study made it possible to site five boreholes whose positions in the karstic structure were unknown, showing the interest of such an approach for the forecasting of the impact of potential pollution.

An analytical approach to thermal modeling of Bridgman type crystal growth: One dimensional analysis. Computer program users manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cothran, E. K.

1982-01-01

The computer program written in support of one dimensional analytical approach to thermal modeling of Bridgman type crystal growth is presented. The program listing and flow charts are included, along with the complete thermal model. Sample problems include detailed comments on input and output to aid the first time user.

A Study of Acoustic Forcing on Gas Centered Swirl Coaxial Reacting Flows (Conference Paper with Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-09

intensifier with a Semrock filter (FF01-425/26). The reflective surface of this dichroic mirror rejected the blue light portion from the broadband...chemiluminescence was also imaged using a HiCATT intensifier with a Semrock filter (FF01-320/40). The shadowgraph camera was set to a gate of 7 µs

An Integrated Approach to the Use of Complementary Visual Learning Tools in an Undergraduate Microbiology Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCabe, Bernadette

2011-01-01

The ability to appreciate the inter-connectedness of complex biological relationships can be difficult for many students. Graphical knowledge in the form of concept maps and flow charts are learning tools which can assist students to recognise the inter-connectivity. This report focuses on a trial which incorporates these two related visual…

Digital adaptive controllers for VTOL vehicles. Volume 2: Software documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartmann, G. L.; Stein, G.; Pratt, S. G.

1979-01-01

The VTOL approach and landing test (VALT) adaptive software is documented. Two self-adaptive algorithms, one based on an implicit model reference design and the other on an explicit parameter estimation technique were evaluated. The organization of the software, user options, and a nominal set of input data are presented along with a flow chart and program listing of each algorithm.

Study of EPR/ESR Dosimetry in Fingernails as a Method for Assessing Dose of Victims of Radiological Accidents/Incidents

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-17

dosimeters . .............................................................................................. 117 Figure 4-2. Flow chart illustrating...alanine, various sugars, quartz in rocks and sulfates, as EPR dosimeters [15]. Alternatively, radiation-induced EPR signals have been detected using...the medical response to radiological accidents, as a method for estimating radiation dose without the use of physical dosimeters and using exposed

Sizing-tube-fin space radiators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peoples, J. A.

1978-01-01

Temperature and size considerations of the tube fin space radiator were characterized by charts and equations. An approach of accurately assessing rejection capability commensurate with a phase A/B level output is reviewed. A computer program, based on Mackey's equations, is also presented which sizes the rejection area for a given thermal load. The program also handles the flow and thermal considerations of the film coefficient.

Calculations for interpretation of solar vector magnetograph data. [sunspots - spectrum analysis/data correlation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunn, A. R.

1975-01-01

Computer techniques for data analysis of sunspot observations are presented. Photographic spectra were converted to digital form and analyzed. Methods of determining magnetic field strengths, i.e., the Zeeman effect, are discussed. Errors originating with telescope equipment and the magnetograph are treated. Flow charts of test programs and procedures of the data analysis are shown.

The GLAS Science Algorithm Software (GSAS) Detailed Design Document Version 6. Volume 16

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Jeffrey E.

2013-01-01

The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) is the primary instrument for the ICESat (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite) laser altimetry mission. ICESat was the benchmark Earth Observing System (EOS) mission for measuring ice sheet mass balance, cloud and aerosol heights, as well as land topography and vegetation characteristics. From 2003 to 2009, the ICESat mission provided multi-year elevation data needed to determine ice sheet mass balance as well as cloud property information, especially for stratospheric clouds common over polar areas. It also provided topography and vegetation data around the globe, in addition to the polar-specific coverage over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.This document describes the detailed design of GLAS Science Algorithm Software (GSAS). The GSAS is used to create the ICESat GLAS standard data products. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSDIC) distribute these products. The document contains descriptions, flow charts, data flow diagrams, and structure charts for each major component of the GSAS. The purpose of this document is to present the detailed design of the GSAS. It is intended as a reference source to assist the maintenance programmer in making changes that fix or enhance the documented software.

Endodontic-related inferior alveolar nerve injuries: A review and a therapeutic flow chart.

PubMed

Castro, R; Guivarc'h, M; Foletti, J M; Catherine, J H; Chossegros, C; Guyot, L

2018-05-03

Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) lesions related to endodontic treatments can be explained by the anatomical proximity between the apices of the mandibular posterior teeth and the mandibular canal. The aim of this article is to review the management of inferior alveolar nerve lesions due to endodontic treatments and to establish a therapeutic flow chart. A review of publications reporting IAN damage related to endodontic treatment over the past 20 years has been conducted, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist; it combines an electronic search of the Pubmed ® and Google Scholar ® databasis. Forty-two full-text articles corresponding to 115 clinical cases have been selected. Two personal clinical cases were additionally reported. IAN lesions due to endodontic treatments require urgent management. Early surgical removal of the excess of endodontic material, in contact with the nerve allows the best recovery prognosis (72h). Beyond this delay, irreversible nervous lesions prevail and a medical symptomatic treatment, most of the time with pregabalin, must be/can be carried out. A delayed surgical procedure shows some good benefits for patients. However, the healing prognosis remains poorly predictable. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Energy Blocks — A Physical Model for Teaching Energy Concepts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hertting, Scott

2016-01-01

Most physics educators would agree that energy is a very useful, albeit abstract topic. It is therefore important to use various methods to help the student internalize the concept of energy itself and its related ideas. These methods include using representations such as energy bar graphs, energy pie charts, or energy tracking diagrams. Activities and analogies like Energy Theater and Richard Feynman's blocks, as well as the popular money (or wealth) analogy, can also be very effective. The goal of this paper is to describe a physical model of Feynman's blocks that can be employed by instructors to help students learn the following energy-related concepts: 1. The factors affecting each individual mechanical energy storage mode (this refers to what has been traditionally called a form of energy, and while the Modeling Method of instruction is not the focus of this paper, much of the energy related language used is specific to the Modeling Method). For example, how mass or height affects gravitational energy; 2. Energy conservation; and 3. The graphical relationships between the energy storage mode and a factor affecting it. For example, the graphical relationship between elastic energy and the change in length of a spring.

A 4-cylinder Stirling engine computer program with dynamic energy equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daniele, C. J.; Lorenzo, C. F.

1983-01-01

A computer program for simulating the steady state and transient performance of a four cylinder Stirling engine is presented. The thermodynamic model includes both continuity and energy equations and linear momentum terms (flow resistance). Each working space between the pistons is broken into seven control volumes. Drive dynamics and vehicle load effects are included. The model contains 70 state variables. Also included in the model are piston rod seal leakage effects. The computer program includes a model of a hydrogen supply system, from which hydrogen may be added to the system to accelerate the engine. Flow charts are provided.

Theoretical and Measured Attenuation of Mufflers at Room Temperature Without Flow, with Comments on Engine-exhaust Muffler Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Don D , Jr; Stevens, George L , Jr; Moore, Dewey; Stokes, George M

1953-01-01

Equations are presented for the attenuation characteristics of several types of mufflers. Experimental curves of attenuation plotted against frequency are presented for 77 different mufflers and the results are compared with theory. The experiments were made at room temperature without flow and the sound source was a loud-speaker. A method is given for including the tail pipe in the calculations. The application of the theory to the design of engine-exhaust mufflers is discussed, and charts have been included for the assistance of the designer.

Hyperbolic/parabolic development for the GIM-STAR code. [flow fields in supersonic inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spradley, L. W.; Stalnaker, J. F.; Ratliff, A. W.

1980-01-01

Flow fields in supersonic inlet configurations were computed using the eliptic GIM code on the STAR computer. Spillage flow under the lower cowl was calculated to be 33% of the incoming stream. The shock/boundary layer interaction on the upper propulsive surface was computed including separation. All shocks produced by the flow system were captured. Linearized block implicit (LBI) schemes were examined to determine their application to the GIM code. Pure explicit methods have stability limitations and fully implicit schemes are inherently inefficient; however, LBI schemes show promise as an effective compromise. A quasiparabolic version of the GIM code was developed using elastical parabolized Navier-Stokes methods combined with quasitime relaxation. This scheme is referred to as quasiparabolic although it applies equally well to hyperbolic supersonic inviscid flows. Second order windward differences are used in the marching coordinate and either explicit or linear block implicit time relaxation can be incorporated.

Swimming invariant manifolds and the motion of bacteria in a fluid flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoest, Helena; Mitchell, Kevin; Solomon, Tom

2017-11-01

We present experiments on the motion of both wild-type and smooth-swimming bacillus subtilis in a hyperbolic, microfluidic fluid flow. Passive invariant manifolds crossing the fixed point in the flow act as barriers that block inert tracers in the flow. Self-propelled tracers can cross these passive manifolds, but are blocked by and attracted to swimming invariant manifolds (SWIMs) that split from the passive manifolds with larger and larger non-dimensional swimming speed v0 ≡V0 / U , where V0 is the swimming speed in the absence of a flow and U is a characteristic flos speed. We present the theory that predicts these SWIMs for smooth-swimming tracers, along with experiments that we are conducting to test these theories. We also discuss potential effects of rheotaxis and chemotaxis on the phenomena. Supported by NSF Grant DMR-1361881.

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Sssss of... - Continuous Compliance with Operating Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... subpart; andii. Reducing the scrubber pressure drop data to 1-hour and 3-hour block averages; and iii.... Reducing the scrubber liquid pH data to 1-hour and 3-hour block averages; and iii. Maintaining the 3-hour... subpart; andii. Reducing the scrubber liquid flow rate data to 1-hour and 3-hour block averages; and iii...

Polymer-based platform for microfluidic systems

DOEpatents

Benett, William [Livermore, CA; Krulevitch, Peter [Pleasanton, CA; Maghribi, Mariam [Livermore, CA; Hamilton, Julie [Tracy, CA; Rose, Klint [Boston, MA; Wang, Amy W [Oakland, CA

2009-10-13

A method of forming a polymer-based microfluidic system platform using network building blocks selected from a set of interconnectable network building blocks, such as wire, pins, blocks, and interconnects. The selected building blocks are interconnectably assembled and fixedly positioned in precise positions in a mold cavity of a mold frame to construct a three-dimensional model construction of a microfluidic flow path network preferably having meso-scale dimensions. A hardenable liquid, such as poly (dimethylsiloxane) is then introduced into the mold cavity and hardened to form a platform structure as well as to mold the microfluidic flow path network having channels, reservoirs and ports. Pre-fabricated elbows, T's and other joints are used to interconnect various building block elements together. After hardening the liquid the building blocks are removed from the platform structure to make available the channels, cavities and ports within the platform structure. Microdevices may be embedded within the cast polymer-based platform, or bonded to the platform structure subsequent to molding, to create an integrated microfluidic system. In this manner, the new microfluidic platform is versatile and capable of quickly generating prototype systems, and could easily be adapted to a manufacturing setting.

Asymmetric Impact of Tropical SST Anomalies on Atmospheric Internal Variability over the North Pacific.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Wilbur Y.; van den Dool, Huug M.

1997-03-01

A substantial asymmetric impact of tropical Pacific SST anomalies on the internal variability of the extratropical atmosphere is found. A variety of diagnoses is performed to help reveal the dynamical processes leading to the large impact. Thirty-five years of geopotential heights and 29 years of wind fields analyzed operationally at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), formerly the National Meteorological Center, and three sets of 10-yr-long perpetual January integrations run with a low-resolution NCEP global spectral model are investigated in detail for the impact of the SST anomalies on the blocking flows over the North Pacific. The impact on large-scale deep trough flows is also examined.Both the blocking and deep trough flows develop twice as much over the North Pacific during La Niña as during El Niño winters. Consequently, the internal dynamics associated low-frequency variability (LFV), with timescales between 7 and 61 days examined in this study, display distinct characteristics: much larger magnitude for the La Niña than the El Niño winters over the eastern North Pacific, where the LFV is highest in general.The diagnosis of the localized Eliassen-Palm fluxes and their divergence reveals that the high-frequency transient eddies (1-7 days) at high latitudes are effective in forming and maintaining the large-scale blocking flows, while the midlatitude transients are less effective. The mean deformation field over the North Pacific is much more diffluent for the La Niña than the El Niño winters, resulting in more blocking flows being developed and maintained during La Niña by the high-frequency transients over the central North Pacific.In addition to the above dynamical process operating on the high-frequency end of the spectrum, the local barotropic energy conversion between the LFV components and the time-mean flows is also operating and playing a crucial role. The kinetic energy conversion represented by the scalar product between the E vector of the low-frequency components and the deformation D vector of the time-mean flow reveals that, on average, the low-frequency components extract energy from the time-mean flow during La Niña winters while they lose energy to the time-mean flow during El Niño winters. This local barotropic energy conversion on the low-frequency end of the spectrum, together with the forcing of the high-frequency transients on blocking flows on the high-frequency end, explain why there is a large difference in the magnitude of low-frequency variability between the La Niña and the El Niño winters.

Estimated United States Residential Energy Use in 2005

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, C A; Johnson, D M; Simon, A J

2011-12-12

A flow chart depicting energy flow in the residential sector of the United States economy in 2005 has been constructed from publicly available data and estimates of national energy use patterns. Approximately 11,000 trillion British Thermal Units (trBTUs) of electricity and fuels were used throughout the United States residential sector in lighting, electronics, air conditioning, space heating, water heating, washing appliances, cooking appliances, refrigerators, and other appliances. The residential sector is powered mainly by electricity and natural gas. Other fuels used include petroleum products (fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas and kerosene), biomass (wood), and on-premises solar, wind, and geothermal energy.more » The flow patterns represent a comprehensive systems view of energy used within the residential sector.« less

Development of a computer code for calculating the steady super/hypersonic inviscid flow around real configurations. Volume 1: Computational technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marconi, F.; Salas, M.; Yaeger, L.

1976-01-01

A numerical procedure has been developed to compute the inviscid super/hypersonic flow field about complex vehicle geometries accurately and efficiently. A second order accurate finite difference scheme is used to integrate the three dimensional Euler equations in regions of continuous flow, while all shock waves are computed as discontinuities via the Rankine Hugoniot jump conditions. Conformal mappings are used to develop a computational grid. The effects of blunt nose entropy layers are computed in detail. Real gas effects for equilibrium air are included using curve fits of Mollier charts. Typical calculated results for shuttle orbiter, hypersonic transport, and supersonic aircraft configurations are included to demonstrate the usefulness of this tool.

Development of a computer code for calculating the steady super/hypersonic inviscid flow around real configurations. Volume 2: Code description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marconi, F.; Yaeger, L.

1976-01-01

A numerical procedure was developed to compute the inviscid super/hypersonic flow field about complex vehicle geometries accurately and efficiently. A second-order accurate finite difference scheme is used to integrate the three-dimensional Euler equations in regions of continuous flow, while all shock waves are computed as discontinuities via the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. Conformal mappings are used to develop a computational grid. The effects of blunt nose entropy layers are computed in detail. Real gas effects for equilibrium air are included using curve fits of Mollier charts. Typical calculated results for shuttle orbiter, hypersonic transport, and supersonic aircraft configurations are included to demonstrate the usefulness of this tool.

A Computer Code for Swirling Turbulent Axisymmetric Recirculating Flows in Practical Isothermal Combustor Geometries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lilley, D. G.; Rhode, D. L.

1982-01-01

A primitive pressure-velocity variable finite difference computer code was developed to predict swirling recirculating inert turbulent flows in axisymmetric combustors in general, and for application to a specific idealized combustion chamber with sudden or gradual expansion. The technique involves a staggered grid system for axial and radial velocities, a line relaxation procedure for efficient solution of the equations, a two-equation k-epsilon turbulence model, a stairstep boundary representation of the expansion flow, and realistic accommodation of swirl effects. A user's manual, dealing with the computational problem, showing how the mathematical basis and computational scheme may be translated into a computer program is presented. A flow chart, FORTRAN IV listing, notes about various subroutines and a user's guide are supplied as an aid to prospective users of the code.

The 15 September 1991 pyroclastic flows at Unzen Volcano (Japan): a flow model for associated ash-cloud surges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujii, Toshitsugu; Nakada, Setsuya

1999-04-01

Large-scale collapse of a dacite dome in the late afternoon of 15 September 1991 generated a series of pyroclastic-flow events at Unzen Volcano. Pyroclastic flows with a volume of 1×10 6 m 3 (as DRE) descended the northeastern slope of the volcano, changing their courses to the southeast due to topographic control. After they exited a narrow gorge, an ash-cloud surge rushed straight ahead, detaching the main body of the flow that turned and followed the topographic lows to the east. The surge swept the Kita-Kamikoba area, which had been devastated by the previous pyroclastic-flow events, and transported a car as far as 120 m. Following detachment, the surge lost its force after it moved several hundred meters, but maintained a high temperature. The deposits consist of a bottom layer of better-sorted ash (unit 1), a thick layer of block and ash (unit 2), and a thin top layer of fall-out ash (unit 3). Unit 2 overlies unit 1 with an erosional contact. The upper part of unit 2 grades into better-sorted ash. At distal block-and-ash flow deposits, the bottom part of unit 2 also consists of better-sorted ash, and the contact with the unit 1 deposits becomes ambiguous. Video footage of cascading pyroclastic flows during the 1991-1995 eruption, traveling over surfaces without any topographic barriers, revealed that lobes of ash cloud protruded intermittently from the moving head and sides, and that these lobes surged ahead on the ground surface. This fact, together with the inspection by helicopter shortly after the events, suggests that the protruded lobes consisted of better-sorted ash, and resulted in the deposits of unit 1. The highest ash-cloud plume at the Oshigadani valley exit, and the thickest deposition of fall-out ash over Kita-Kamikoba and Ohnokoba, indicate that abundant ash was also produced when the flow passed through a narrow gorge. In the model presented here, the ash clouds from the pyroclastic flows were composed of a basal turbulent current of high concentration (main body), an overriding and intermediate fluidization zone, and an overlying dilute cloud. Release of pressurized gas in lava block pores, due to collisions among blocks and the resulting upward current, caused a zone of fluidization just above the main body. The mixture of gas and ash sorted in the fluidization zone moved ahead and to the side of the main body as a gravitational current, where the ash was deposited as surge deposits. The main body, which had high internal friction and shear near its base, then overran the surge deposits, partially eroding them. When the upward current of gas (fluidization) waned, better-sorted ash suspended in the fluidization zone was deposited on block-and-ash deposits. In the distal places of block-and-ash deposits, unit 2 probably was deposited in non-turbulent fashion without any erosion of the underlying layer (unit 1).

Heat flow, heat generation and crustal thermal structure of the northern block of the South Indian Craton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Mohan L.; Sharma, S. R.; Sundar, A.

Heat flow values and heat generation data calculated from the concentration of heat producing radioactive elements, U, Th and K in surface rocks were analyzed. The South Indian Craton according to Drury et al., can be divided into various blocks, separated by late Proterozoic shear belts. The northern block comprises Eastern and Western Dharwar Cratons of Rogers (1986), Naqvi and Rogers (1987) and a part of the South Indian granulite terrain up to a shear system occupying the Palghat-Cauvery low lands. The geothermal data analysis clearly demonstrates that the present thermal characteristics of the above two Archaean terrains of the Indian and Australian Shields are quite similar. Their crustal thermal structures are likely to be similar also.

Heat flow, heat generation and crustal thermal structure of the northern block of the South Indian Craton

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gupta, Mohan L.; Sharma, S. R.; Sundar, A.

1988-01-01

Heat flow values and heat generation data calculated from the concentration of heat producing radioactive elements, U, Th and K in surface rocks were analyzed. The South Indian Craton according to Drury et al., can be divided into various blocks, separated by late Proterozoic shear belts. The northern block comprises Eastern and Western Dharwar Cratons of Rogers (1986), Naqvi and Rogers (1987) and a part of the South Indian granulite terrain up to a shear system occupying the Palghat-Cauvery low lands. The geothermal data analysis clearly demonstrates that the present thermal characteristics of the above two Archaean terrains of the Indian and Australian Shields are quite similar. Their crustal thermal structures are likely to be similar also.

Numerical simulations of block-and-ash flows using the Titan2D flow model: examples from the 2006 eruption of Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Charbonnier, S. J.; Gertisser, R.

2009-10-01

We present Titan2D simulations of two well-characterized block-and-ash flow (BAF) events of the 2006 eruption of Merapi (Java, Indonesia) that affected the Gendol valley on the volcano’s southern flank and adjacent, densely populated interfluve (non-valley) areas: (1) a single dome-collapse event to the south that generated one of the smaller, post-June 14 flows and (2) a sustained, multiple dome-collapse event, also directed to the south, that produced the largest flows of the 2006 eruption emplaced in the afternoon of June 14. Using spatially varying bed friction angles, Titan2D is capable of reproducing the paths, velocities, runout distance, areas covered and deposited volumes of these flows over highly complex topography. The model results provide the basis for estimating the areas and levels of hazards associated with BAFs generated during relatively short as well as prolonged dome-collapse periods and guidance during future eruptive crises at Merapi.

Saddle-node bifurcation to jammed state for quasi-one-dimensional counter-chemotactic flow.

PubMed

Fujii, Masashi; Awazu, Akinori; Nishimori, Hiraku

2010-07-01

The transition of a counter-chemotactic particle flow from a free-flow state to a jammed state in a quasi-one-dimensional path is investigated. One of the characteristic features of such a flow is that the constituent particles spontaneously form a cluster that blocks the path, called a path-blocking cluster (PBC), and causes a jammed state when the particle density is greater than a threshold value. Near the threshold value, the PBC occasionally collapses on itself to recover the free flow. In other words, the time evolution of the size of the PBC governs the flux of a counter-chemotactic flow. In this Rapid Communication, on the basis of numerical results of a stochastic cellular automata (SCA) model, we introduce a Langevin equation model for the size evolution of the PBC that reproduces the qualitative characteristics of the SCA model. The results suggest that the emergence of the jammed state in a quasi-one-dimensional counterflow is caused by a saddle-node bifurcation.

Stress in mangrove forests: early detection and preemptive rehabilitation are essential for future successful worldwide mangrove forest management

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lewis, Roy R; Milbrandt, Eric C; Brown, Benjamin; Krauss, Ken W.; Rovai, Andre S.; Beever, James W.; Flynn, Laura L

2016-01-01

Mangrove forest rehabilitation should begin much sooner than at the point of catastrophic loss. We describe the need for “mangrove forest heart attack prevention”, and how that might be accomplished in a general sense by embedding plot and remote sensing monitoring within coastal management plans. The major cause of mangrove stress at many sites globally is often linked to reduced tidal flows and exchanges. Blocked water flows can reduce flushing not only from the seaward side, but also result in higher salinity and reduced sediments when flows are blocked landward. Long-term degradation of function leads to acute mortality prompted by acute events, but created by a systematic propensity for long-term neglect of mangroves. Often, mangroves are lost within a few years; however, vulnerability is re-set decades earlier when seemingly innocuous hydrological modifications are made (e.g., road construction, blocked tidal channels), but which remain undetected without reasonable large-scale monitoring.

High performance fuel element with end seal

DOEpatents

Lee, Gary E.; Zogg, Gordon J.

1987-01-01

A nuclear fuel element comprising an elongate block of refractory material having a generally regular polygonal cross section. The block includes parallel, spaced, first and second end surfaces. The first end surface has a peripheral sealing flange formed thereon while the second end surface has a peripheral sealing recess sized to receive the flange. A plurality of longitudinal first coolant passages are positioned inwardly of the flange and recess. Elongate fuel holes are separate from the coolant passages and disposed inwardly of the flange and the recess. The block is further provided with a plurality of peripheral second coolant passages in general alignment with the flange and the recess for flowing coolant. The block also includes two bypasses for each second passage. One bypass intersects the second passage adjacent to but spaced from the first end surface and intersects a first passage, while the other bypass intersects the second passage adjacent to but spaced from the second end surface and intersects a first passage so that coolant flowing through the second passages enters and exits the block through the associated first passages.

Manpower Planning Models. 5. Optimization Models

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-10-01

aide 11 neceaaary and Identity by block number) Manpower Planning \\ \\ X Modelling Optimization 20. ABS emry and Identity by block number...notation resulting from the previous maximum M. We exploit the probabilistic interpretation of the flow process whenever it eases the exposi - tion

Determination of wind from NIMBUS 6 satellite sounding data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carle, W. E.; Scoggins, J. R.

1981-01-01

Objective methods of computing upper level and surface wind fields from NIMBUS 6 satellite sounding data are developed. These methods are evaluated by comparing satellite derived and rawinsonde wind fields on gridded constant pressure charts in four geographical regions. Satellite-derived and hourly observed surface wind fields are compared. Results indicate that the best satellite-derived wind on constant pressure charts is a geostrophic wind derived from highly smoothed fields of geopotential height. Satellite-derived winds computed in this manner and rawinsonde winds show similar circulation patterns except in areas of small height gradients. Magnitudes of the standard deviation of the differences between satellite derived and rawinsonde wind speeds range from approximately 3 to 12 m/sec on constant pressure charts and peak at the jet stream level. Fields of satellite-derived surface wind computed with the logarithmic wind law agree well with fields of observed surface wind in most regions. Magnitudes of the standard deviation of the differences in surface wind speed range from approximately 2 to 4 m/sec, and satellite derived surface winds are able to depict flow across a cold front and around a low pressure center.

Verification of out-of-control situations detected by "average of normal" approach.

PubMed

Liu, Jiakai; Tan, Chin Hon; Loh, Tze Ping; Badrick, Tony

2016-11-01

"Average of normal" (AoN) or "moving average" is increasingly used as an adjunct quality control tool in laboratory practice. Little guidance exists on how to verify if an out-of-control situation in the AoN chart is due to a shift in analytical performance, or underlying patient characteristics. Through simulation based on clinical data, we examined 1) the location of the last apparently stable period in the AoN control chart after an analytical shift, and 2) an approach to verify if the observed shift is related to an analytical shift by repeat testing of archived patient samples from the stable period for 21 common analytes. The number of blocks of results to look back for the stable period increased with the duration of the analytical shift, and was larger when smaller AoN block sizes were used. To verify an analytical shift, 3 archived samples from the analytically stable period should be retested. In particular, the process is deemed to have shifted if a difference of >2 analytical standard deviations (i.e. 1:2s rejection rule) between the original and retested results are observed in any of the 3 samples produced. The probability of Type-1 error (i.e., false rejection) and power (i.e., detecting true analytical shift) of this rule are <0.1 and >0.9, respectively. The use of appropriately archived patient samples to verify an apparent analytical shift is preferred to quality control materials. Nonetheless, the above findings may also apply to quality control materials, barring matrix effects. Copyright © 2016 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Aeromagnetic study of the midcontinent gravity high of central United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

King, Elizabeth R.; Zietz, Isidore

1971-01-01

A composite map of detailed aeromagnetic surveys over the midcontinent gravity high provides coverage of the 600-mi-long buried belt of mafic rocks of the Keweenawan Series from their outcrop localities in Minnesota and Wisconsin through Iowa and Nebraska. A map of the subsurface extent of the mafic rocks, based on the intricate magnetic patterns, shows that the rocks form a long, semicontinuous block, averaging 40 mi wide and consisting mainly of a sequence of layered flows. This sequence is probably fault-bounded and has been tilted up along the margins, where the linearity of the anomalies indicates steeper dips. The associated clastic rocks, indicated by a smoother magnetic pattern, occur in basins along both sides of the mafic belt and in grabens and a series of axial basins on the upper surface of the block. The well-defined outliers of flows marginal to the main block and the truncation of some of the outermost flow units along a diagonal boundary striking at an angle to them suggest that the present boundaries of the block are postdepositional structural features. The basins and the edges of the block appear to have controlled later, largely vertical movement in the overlying Paleozoic and younger sedimentary cover. Calculated models based on coincident magnetic and detailed gravity profiles along typical cross sections of the midcontinent gravity high show that the block of mafic rocks is steep-sided and as much as several miles thick. The free-air gravity anomaly, which consists of a large positive maximum flanked by minima, averages very close to zero, indicating that this major crustal feature is regionally compensated, although locally each of its components shows a large departure from equilibrium. Remanent magnetization is a primary factor in the interpretation of the magnetic data. Magnetic property studies of Keweenawan mafic rocks in the Lake Superior region show that remanent magnetization may be five times the magnetization induced by the present Earth's field and differs from it radically in direction. This magnetization was acquired before the flows were tilted into their present positions. A computed magnetic profile shows that a trough of flows with such a magnetization and inward-dipping limbs can account for the observed persistent lows along the western edge of the block, the relatively low magnetic values along the axis of the block, and the large positive anomaly along the eastern side of the block. Flows as much as 1 mi thick near the base of the sequence have a remanent magnetization with a nearly opposite polarity. This reverse polarity has been measured on both sides of Lake Superior and is probably also present farther south, particularly in Iowa where the outer units of the block in an area north of Des Moines give rise to a prominent magnetic low. The axis of this long belt of Keweenawan mafic rocks cuts discordantly through the prevailing east-west-trending fabric of the older Precambrian terrane from southern Kansas to Lake Superior. This belt has several major left-lateral offsets, one of which produces a complete hiatus in the vicinity of the 40th parallel where an east-west transcontinental rift or fracture zone has been proposed. The axial basins of clastic rocks are outlined by linear magnetic anomalies and show a concordant relation to the structure of the mafic flows. These basins are oriented at an angle to the main axis, suggesting that the entire feature originated as a major rift composed of a series of short, linear, en echelon segments with offsets similar to the transform faults characterizing the present mid-ocean rift system. This midcontinent rift may well have been part of a Keweenawan global rift system with initial offsets consisting of transform faults along pre-existing fractures, but apparently it never fully developed laterally into an ocean basin, and the upwelling mafic material was localized along a relatively narrow belt.

Angina Relief by Ranolazine Identifies False-Negative SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Scans in Patients with Coronary Disease Demonstrated by Coronary Angiography.

PubMed

Murray, Gary L

2014-09-01

Normal myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) reduces intermediate- or high-risk pretest probability patients to low- or intermediate-risk posttest probability, respectively, for coronary disease (CD). Since ranolazine (RAN) relieves only angina, anginal patients with normal MPI whose angina is relieved by RAN present a significant dilemma. The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to confirm the impression that coronary angiography (CA) is indicated in patients whose class 3 to 4 angina is relieved by RAN, but have normal myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) MPIs. Charts of patients with stable class 3 to 4 angina (typical and atypical) and normal MPIs (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≥50% and segmental score = 0) were reviewed. CA was done on all the patients with complete angina relief taking RAN, as well as nonresponders whose anginal etiology could not be explained. Stenoses were considered flow-restrictive when more than 70% diameter stenosis is observed by quantitative CA, or, when 50 to 70%, fractional flow reserve (FFR) measured ≤0.80. RAN relieved angina in 36 of 54 (67%) patients. Of the known cases, 25 of these 36 (69%) had 43 stenoses ≥50% (mean = 66%): 15 (60%) had 1 vessel disease; 9 (36%) had multivessel disease; 18 (72%) had left anterior descending (LAD) disease; 1 (4%) had left main disease. Twenty one of 43 (49%) stenosis were > 70%; 22 (51%) stenoses were 50 to 70% and required FFR measurement. Twenty nine of 43 stenoses (67%) were considered flow-restrictive in 18 of these 25 (72%) patients. Eight RAN nonresponders with no explanation for angina had no CD at CA. RAN angina relief is invaluable in identifying falsely negative SPECT MPI, and 50% of these patients have flow-restrictive stenoses.

Making large amounts of meteorological plots easily accessible to users

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamy-Thepaut, Sylvie; Siemen, Stephan; Sahin, Cihan; Raoult, Baudouin

2015-04-01

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is an international organisation providing its member organisations with forecasts in the medium time range of 3 to 15 days, and some longer-range forecasts for up to a year ahead, with varying degrees of detail. As part of its mission, ECMWF generates an increasing number of forecast data products for its users. To support the work of forecasters and researchers and to let them make best use of ECMWF forecasts, the Centre also provides tools and interfaces to visualise their products. This allows users to make use of and explore forecasts without having to transfer large amounts of raw data. This is especially true for products based on ECMWF's 50 member ensemble forecast, where some specific processing and visualisation are applied to extract information. Every day, thousands of raw data are being pushed to the ECMWF's interactive web charts application called ecCharts, and thousands of products are processed and pushed to ECMWF's institutional web site ecCharts provides a highly interactive application to display and manipulate recent numerical forecasts to forecasters in national weather services and ECMWF's commercial customers. With ecCharts forecasters are able to explore ECMWF's medium-range forecasts in far greater detail than has previously been possible on the web, and this as soon as the forecast becomes available. All ecCharts's products are also available through a machine-to-machine web map service based on the OGC Web Map Service (WMS) standard. ECMWF institutional web site provides access to a large number of graphical products. It was entirely redesigned last year. It now shares the same infrastructure as ECMWF's ecCharts, and can benefit of some ecCharts functionalities, for example the dashboard. The dashboard initially developed for ecCharts allows users to organise their own collection of products depending on their work flow, and is being further developed. In its first implementation, It presents the user's products in a single interface with fast access to the original product, and possibilities of synchronous animations between them. But its functionalities are being extended to give users the freedom to collect not only ecCharts's 2D maps and graphs, but also other ECMWF Web products such as monthly and seasonal products, scores, and observation monitoring. The dashboard will play a key role to help the user to interpret the large amount of information that ECMWF is providing. This talk will present examples of how the new user interface can organise complex meteorological maps and graphs and show the new possibilities users have gained by using the web as a medium.

Integrated Analytical Evaluation and Optimization of Model Parameters against Preprocessed Measurement Data

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-23

Iterations .......................... 86 3.2 Comparison between MACH and POLAR ......................... 90 3.3 Flow Chart for VSTS Algorithm...The most recent changes are: a) development of the VSTS (velocity space topology search) algorithm for calculating particle densities b) extension...with simple analytic models. The largest modification of the MACH code was the implementation of the VSTS procedure, which constituted a complete

Numerical Implementation of Indicators and Statistical Control Tools in Monitoring and Evaluating CACEI-ISO Indicators of Study Program in Industrial Process by Systematization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ayala, Gabriela Cota; Real, Francia Angélica Karlos; Ivan, Ramirez Alvarado Edqar

2016-01-01

The research was conducted to determine if the study program of the career of industrial processes Technological University of Chihuahua, 1 year after that it was certified by CACEI, continues achieving the established indicators and ISO 9001: 2008, implementing quality tools, monitoring of essential indicators are determined, flow charts are…

Real-Time Signal Processing Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-29

Programmer’s Model 50 15. Synchronization 67 16. Parameter Passage to Routines VIA Stacks 68 17. Typical VPH Activity Flow Chart 70 18. CPH...computing facilities to take advantage of cost effective solutions. A proliferation of different microprocessors and development systems spread among the... activities are completed, the roles of the VPH memory banks are reversed. This function-swapping is the primary reason, for the efficiency and high

Las Matematicas: Lenguaje Universal. Nivel 1: Numeros y Numeracion (Mathematics: A Universal Language. Level 1: Numbers and Numeration).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dissemination and Assessment Center for Bilingual Education, Austin, TX.

This is one of a series of student booklets designed for use in a bilingual mathematics program in grades 6-8. The general format is to present each page in both Spanish and English. The mathematical topics in this booklet include graphing on a number line, place value, using exponents, flow charts, and Roman numerals. (MK)

Design of Training Systems, Phase II Report, Volume III; Model Program Descriptions and Operating Procedures. TAEG Report No. 12-2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naval Training Equipment Center, Orlando, FL. Training Analysis and Evaluation Group.

The Design of Training Systems (DOTS) project was initiated by the Department of Defense (DOD) to develop tools for the effective management of military training organizations. Volume 3 contains the model and data base program descriptions and operating procedures designed for phase 2 of the project. Flow charts and program listings for the…

Host computer software specifications for a zero-g payload manhandling simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, S. W.

1986-01-01

The HP PASCAL source code was developed for the Mission Planning and Analysis Division (MPAD) of NASA/JSC, and takes the place of detailed flow charts defining the host computer software specifications for MANHANDLE, a digital/graphical simulator that can be used to analyze the dynamics of onorbit (zero-g) payload manhandling operations. Input and output data for representative test cases are contained.

Subsurface-water flow and solute transport: federal glossary of selected terms

USGS Publications Warehouse

Isensee, Alan R.; Johnson, Lynn; Thornhill, Jerry; Nicholson, Thomas J.; Meyer, Gerald; Vecchioli, John; Laney, Robert

1989-01-01

The definitions and conversion charts are from two principal sources provided herein. The first is the 11Glossary11 compiled by A. I. Johnson in the 1981 report by the American Society of Testing and Materials titled Permeability and Groundwater Contaminant Transport. The second is Manu a 1 40, 11Ground-water Management, 11 produced by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1985.

RF multicoupler design techniques to minimize problems of corona, multipaction, and stability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hurley, H. S.; Kozakoff, D. J.

1971-01-01

A mathematical expression was derived describing multipacting and corona effects in a coaxial cavity. Both mechanical and electrical design techniques were investigated to minimize the susceptibility of coaxial cavity to corona and multipacting-type breakdown. To assist in the design of a multicoupler free from corona and multipactor breakdown, a flow chart obtained from the derived mathematical expression is included.

A real-time digital computer program for the simulation of a single rotor helicopter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houck, J. A.; Gibson, L. H.; Steinmetz, G. G.

1974-01-01

A computer program was developed for the study of a single-rotor helicopter on the Langley Research Center real-time digital simulation system. Descriptions of helicopter equations and data, program subroutines (including flow charts and listings), real-time simulation system routines, and program operation are included. Program usage is illustrated by standard check cases and a representative flight case.

Evaluation of a Technology for Teaching Complex Social Skills to Young Adults with Visual and Cognitive Impairments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gumpel, Thomas P.; Nativ-Ari-Am, Hagit

2001-01-01

Two multiple baseline designs were used to evaluate a two-stage model for training four young adults with visual and cognitive impairments to grocery shop. A task-analytical flow chart of the behavioral skills involved in grocery shopping was used to increase completed skill steps and the number of correct items purchased. (Contains references.)…

Documentation of a ground hydrology parameterization for use in the GISS atmospheric general circulation model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, J. D.; Aleano, J.; Bock, P.

1978-01-01

The moisture transport processes related to the earth's surface relevant to the ground circulation model GCM are presented. The GHM parametrizations considered are: (1) ground wetness and soil parameters; (2) precipitation; (3) evapotranspiration; (4) surface storage of snow and ice; and (5) runout. The computational aspects of the GHM using computer programs and flow charts are described.

Automatic Target Recognition Classification System Evaluation Methodology

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-09-01

Testing Set of Two-Class XOR Data (250 Samples)......................................... 2-59 2.27 Decision Analysis Process Flow Chart...ROC curve meta - analysis , which is the estimation of the true ROC curve of a given diagnostic system through ROC analysis across many studies or...technique can be very effective in sensitivity analysis ; trying to determine which data points have the most effect on the solution, and in

Temporal Evaluation of Neurosensory Complications After Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: Current Problems for Diagnosis and Treatment.

PubMed

Akashi, Masaya; Hiraoka, Yujiro; Hasegawa, Takumi; Komori, Takahide

2016-01-01

This retrospective study aimed to report the incidence of neurosensory complications after third molar extraction and also to identify current problems and discuss appropriate management of these complications. Patients who underwent extraction of deeply impacted mandibular third molars under general anesthesia were included. The following epidemiological data were retrospectively gathered from medical charts: type of neurosensory complication, treatment for complication, and outcome. A total 369 mandibular third molars were extracted in 210 patients under general anesthesia during this study period. Thirty-one of the 369 teeth (8.4%) in 31 patients had neurosensory complications during the first postoperative week resulting from inferior alveolar nerve damage. Neurosensory complications lasting from 1 to 3 months postoperatively included 17 cases of hypoesthesia and 8 of dysesthesia in 19 patients. Five cases of hypoesthesia and 4 of dysesthesia in 5 patients persisted over 1 year postoperatively. Sixteen of 369 teeth (4.3%) in 16 patients had persistent neurosensory complications after third molar extraction under general anesthesia. Stellate ganglion block was performed in 4 patients. Early initiation of stellate ganglion block (within 2 weeks postoperatively) produced better outcomes than late stellate ganglion block (over 6 months postoperatively). Refractory neurosensory complications after third molar extraction often combine both hypoesthesia and dysesthesia. Current problems in diagnosis and treatment included delayed detection of dysesthesia and the lack of uniform timing of stellate ganglion block. In the future, routinely inquiring about dysesthesia and promptly providing affected patients with information about stellate ganglion block might produce better outcomes.

Temporal Evaluation of Neurosensory Complications After Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: Current Problems for Diagnosis and Treatment

PubMed Central

Akashi, Masaya; Hiraoka, Yujiro; Hasegawa, Takumi; Komori, Takahide

2016-01-01

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to report the incidence of neurosensory complications after third molar extraction and also to identify current problems and discuss appropriate management of these complications. Method: Patients who underwent extraction of deeply impacted mandibular third molars under general anesthesia were included. The following epidemiological data were retrospectively gathered from medical charts: type of neurosensory complication, treatment for complication, and outcome. Results: A total 369 mandibular third molars were extracted in 210 patients under general anesthesia during this study period. Thirty-one of the 369 teeth (8.4%) in 31 patients had neurosensory complications during the first postoperative week resulting from inferior alveolar nerve damage. Neurosensory complications lasting from 1 to 3 months postoperatively included 17 cases of hypoesthesia and 8 of dysesthesia in 19 patients. Five cases of hypoesthesia and 4 of dysesthesia in 5 patients persisted over 1 year postoperatively. Sixteen of 369 teeth (4.3%) in 16 patients had persistent neurosensory complications after third molar extraction under general anesthesia. Stellate ganglion block was performed in 4 patients. Early initiation of stellate ganglion block (within 2 weeks postoperatively) produced better outcomes than late stellate ganglion block (over 6 months postoperatively). Conclusion: Refractory neurosensory complications after third molar extraction often combine both hypoesthesia and dysesthesia. Current problems in diagnosis and treatment included delayed detection of dysesthesia and the lack of uniform timing of stellate ganglion block. In the future, routinely inquiring about dysesthesia and promptly providing affected patients with information about stellate ganglion block might produce better outcomes. PMID:28217188

Model Experiment on the Temporary Closure of a Breached Bank

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shimada, T.; Maeda, S.; Nakashima, Y.

2016-12-01

In recent years, the possibility of river bank failures has been rising due to increased occurrences of floods from localized torrential downpours and typhoons. To mitigate bank failure damage, we made an experiment to simulate the flood discharge reduction effect of a temporary closure at an opening in a breached bank. A scale river model was used. A bank was made and then breached. Then, model blocks were placed to close the breach, to observe the flood discharge reduction afforded by the closure. We assumed that the blocks would be placed by a crane or from a helicopter, so we placed the model blocks accordingly. Regardless of the placement method, the flood discharge reduction was about 20% when about 50% of the breach was closed by the placement of blocks starting from the upstream-most portion of the breach. That result was because the water flow hit the tip of the placed closure, scoured the bed near the tip, and lowered the bed at the remaining part of the breach opening, after which the area where water flows out did not decrease at the same rate as the rate of longitudinal closure for the breach. In addition, with each successive length of breach closure, the required number of blocks increased and the closure progress decreased, because of the bed degradation. The results show that it is possible to reduce the flood flow from a bank breach effectively while closing the opening by taking measures to reduce bed scouring near the breach.

Quantifying the Interplay of Natural Organic Matter with Environmental Factors on Nanoparticle Transport in Porous Media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, X.; von der Kammer, F.; Wiesner, M.; Yang, Y.; Hofmann, T.

2016-12-01

Humic acid (HA) is widespread in environment and may interfere with nanoparticle transport in porous media. Quantification of the HA's influence is challenging due to the heterogeneous natural of the organic compounds. Through a series of laboratory and modeling studies, we explored (1) the differential mechanisms operated by the sediment - and solution-phase HA in controlling particle transport; (2) the interplay of the HA with several important environmental factors including solution pH, ionic strength (IS), flow rate, organic & particle concentration, and particle size; (3) modeling tools to quantify the above identified influential mechanisms. Study results suggest that site blocking is the main effect imposed by sediment-phase HA on nanoparticle transport while competitive deposition (with nanoparticles) and continuous site blocking occur simultaneously for the solution-phase HA. Solution pH and IS jointly control the HA's blocking efficiency by varying the adsorbed organic conformation. Conversely, the effect of the adsorbed organic concentration appeared to be insignificant. In addition to the chemical parameters, physical parameters like particle size and flow rate also impact on the organic blockage: the blocking efficiency was stronger on larger particles than on smaller ones; increasing flow rate magnifies the HA's blocking efficiency on larger particles but had insignificant impact on smaller ones. Those mechanistic investigations were supported by a quantification approach and a mathematical model developed in those studies. These results can improve the understanding on particle mobility in heterogeneous natural porous media.

Application of a multi-block CFD code to investigate the impact of geometry modeling on centrifugal compressor flow field predictions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hathaway, M.D.; Wood, J.R.

1997-10-01

CFD codes capable of utilizing multi-block grids provide the capability to analyze the complete geometry of centrifugal compressors. Attendant with this increased capability is potentially increased grid setup time and more computational overhead with the resultant increase in wall clock time to obtain a solution. If the increase in difficulty of obtaining a solution significantly improves the solution from that obtained by modeling the features of the tip clearance flow or the typical bluntness of a centrifugal compressor`s trailing edge, then the additional burden is worthwhile. However, if the additional information obtained is of marginal use, then modeling of certainmore » features of the geometry may provide reasonable solutions for designers to make comparative choices when pursuing a new design. In this spirit a sequence of grids were generated to study the relative importance of modeling versus detailed gridding of the tip gap and blunt trailing edge regions of the NASA large low-speed centrifugal compressor for which there is considerable detailed internal laser anemometry data available for comparison. The results indicate: (1) There is no significant difference in predicted tip clearance mass flow rate whether the tip gap is gridded or modeled. (2) Gridding rather than modeling the trailing edge results in better predictions of some flow details downstream of the impeller, but otherwise appears to offer no great benefits. (3) The pitchwise variation of absolute flow angle decreases rapidly up to 8% impeller radius ratio and much more slowly thereafter. Although some improvements in prediction of flow field details are realized as a result of analyzing the actual geometry there is no clear consensus that any of the grids investigated produced superior results in every case when compared to the measurements. However, if a multi-block code is available, it should be used, as it has the propensity for enabling better predictions than a single block code.« less

Needle detection in ultrasound using the spectral properties of the displacement field: a feasibility study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beigi, Parmida; Salcudean, Tim; Rohling, Robert; Lessoway, Victoria A.; Ng, Gary C.

2015-03-01

This paper presents a new needle detection technique for ultrasound guided interventions based on the spectral properties of small displacements arising from hand tremour or intentional motion. In a block-based approach, the displacement map is computed for each block of interest versus a reference frame, using an optical flow technique. To compute the flow parameters, the Lucas-Kanade approach is used in a multiresolution and regularized form. A least-squares fit is used to estimate the flow parameters from the overdetermined system of spatial and temporal gradients. Lateral and axial components of the displacement are obtained for each block of interest at consecutive frames. Magnitude-squared spectral coherency is derived between the median displacements of the reference block and each block of interest, to determine the spectral correlation. In vivo images were obtained from the tissue near the abdominal aorta to capture the extreme intrinsic body motion and insertion images were captured from a tissue-mimicking agar phantom. According to the analysis, both the involuntary and intentional movement of the needle produces coherent displacement with respect to a reference window near the insertion site. Intrinsic body motion also produces coherent displacement with respect to a reference window in the tissue; however, the coherency spectra of intrinsic and needle motion are distinguishable spectrally. Blocks with high spectral coherency at high frequencies are selected, estimating a channel for needle trajectory. The needle trajectory is detected from locally thresholded absolute displacement map within the initial estimate. Experimental results show the RMS localization accuracy of 1:0 mm, 0:7 mm, and 0:5 mm for hand tremour, vibrational and rotational needle movements, respectively.

Acquired heart block: a possible complication of patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm infant.

PubMed

Grasser, Monika; Döhlemann, Christoph; Mittal, Rashmi; Till, Holger; Dietz, Hans-Georg; Münch, Georg; Holzinger, Andreas

2008-01-01

A large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequently encountered clinical problem in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. It leads to an increased pulmonary blood flow and in a decreased or reversed diastolic flow in the systemic circulation, resulting in complications. Here we report a possible complication of PDA not previously published. On day 8 of life, a male ELBW infant (birth weight 650 g) born at a gestational age of 23 weeks and 3 days developed an atrioventricular block (AV block). The heart rate dropped from 168/min to 90/min, and the ECG showed a Wenckebach second-degree AV block and intraventricular conduction disturbances. Echocardiography demonstrated a PDA with a large left-to-right shunt and large left atrium and left ventricle with high contractility. Within several minutes after surgical closure of the PDA, the heart rate increased, and after 30 min the AV block had improved to a 1:1 conduction ratio. Echocardiography after 2 h revealed a significant decrease of the left ventricular and atrial dimensions. Within 12 h, the AV block completely reversed together with the intraventricular conduction disturbances. We suggest that PDA with a large left-to-right shunt and left ventricular volume overload may lead to an AV block in an ELBW infant. Surgical closure of the PDA may be indicated. (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Technology Implementation and Workarounds in the Nursing Home

PubMed Central

Vogelsmeier, Amy A.; Halbesleben, Jonathon R.B.; Scott-Cawiezell, Jill R.

2008-01-01

Objective This study sought to explore the relationship of workarounds related to the implementation of an electronic medication administration record and medication safety practices in five Midwestern nursing homes. Design As a part of a larger study, this qualitative evaluation was conducted to identify workarounds associated with the implementation of an electronic medication administration record. Data were collected using multimethods including direct observation, process mapping, key informant interviews, and review of field notes from medication safety team meetings. Measurements Open and axial coding techniques were used to identify and categorize types of workarounds in relation to work flow blocks. Results Workarounds presented in two distinct patterns, those related to work flow blocks introduced by technology and those related to organizational processes not reengineered to effectively integrate with the technology. Workarounds such as safety alert overrides and shortcuts to documentation resulted from first-order problem solving of immediate blocks. Nursing home staff as individuals frequently used first-order problem solving instead of the more sophisticated second-order problem solving approach used by the medication safety team. Conclusion This study provides important practical examples of how nursing home staff work around work flow blocks encountered during the implementation of technology. Understanding these workarounds as a means of first-order problem solving is an important consideration to understanding risk to medication safety. PMID:17947626

Nanoporous polysulfone membranes via a degradable block copolymer precursor for redox flow batteries

DOE PAGES

Gindt, Brandon P.; Abebe, Daniel G.; Tang, Zhijiang J.; ...

2016-02-16

In this study, nanoporous polysulfone (PSU) membranes were fabricated via post-hydrolysis of polylactide (PLA) from PLA–PSU–PLA triblock copolymer membranes. The PSU scaffold was thermally crosslinked before sacrificing PLA blocks. The resulting nanopore surface was chemically modified with sulfonic acid moieties. The membranes were analyzed and evaluated as separators for vanadium redox flow batteries. Nanoporous PSU membranes prepared by this new method and further chemically modified to a slight degree exhibited unique behavior with respect to their ionic conductivity when exposed to solutions of increasing acid concentration.

Magma mixing during caldera forming eruptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kennedy, B.; Jellinek, M.; Stix, J.

2006-12-01

During explosive caldera-forming eruptions magma erupts through a ring dyke. Flow is driven, in part, by foundering of a magma chamber roof into underlying buoyant magma. One intriguing and poorly understood characteristic of deposits from calderas is that bulk ignimbrite, pumices, and crystals can show complex stratigraphic zonation. We propose that zonation patterns can be explained by different, and temporally evolving subsidence styles, and that the geometry imposed by subsidence can affect flow and cause mixing in the chamber and ring dyke. We use two series of laboratory experiments to investigate aspects of the mixing properties of flow in the chamber and ring dike during caldera collapse. In the first series, cylindrical blocks of height, h, and diameter, d, are released into circular analog magma chambers of diameter D and height H, containing buoyant fluids with viscosities that we vary. Subsidence occurs as a result of flow through the annular gap (ring dike) between the block and the wall of the surrounding tank of width, w = D-d. Three dimensionless parameters characterize the nature and evolution of the subsidence, and the resulting flow: A Reynolds number, Re, a tilt number, T = w/h and a subsidence number, S = w/H. Whereas Re indicates the importance of inertia for flow and mixing, T and S are geometric parameters that govern the extent of roof tilting, the spatial variation in w during collapse and the wavelength and structure of fluid motions. On the basis of field observations and theoretical arguments we fix T ≍ 0.14 and characterize subsidence and the corresponding flow over a wide range of Re - S parameter space appropriate to silicic caldera systems. Where S < 2 and Re < 103 the roof can rotate or tilt as it sinks and a spectrum of fluid mechanical behavior within the ring dike are observed. The combination of roof rotation and tilting drives unsteady, 3D overturning motions within the ring dike that are inferred to cause extensive mixing. In the absence of tilting and rotation flow is quasi-steady, there is negligible overturning and mixing. Where S > 2 and Re < 10^1 there is a "locking regime" in which the roof the roof rotates as it sinks but does not settle to the floor. The resulting flow leads to little overturning and mixing. Where S > 2 and Re > 10^1 the roof block settles with negligible tilting. Unsteady laminar overturning (Re < 102) and turbulent motions (Re > 103) produce extensive mixing in the ring dike. In a second series of experiments, motivated by the "piecemeal" collapse of many calderas, we investigate additional effects arising in the presence of two blocks. In contrast to the single-block case, the relative motions of the blocks cause extensive overturning and mixing in the chamber as well as the ring dike. Our experimental results are applied to understand the subsidence behavior and the mixing properties of a number of natural cases. Our work suggests that during most caldera-forming eruptions mixing is an inevitable consequence of synchronous eruption and subsidence. In addition, extensive mechanical mixing within the ring dike can explain the cumulate and mingled textures characteristic of many ring dikes.

Diastolic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography in patients with atrioventricular block: new insight into the mechanism of atrioventricular valve closure.

PubMed

Schnittger, I; Appleton, C P; Hatle, L K; Popp, R L

1988-01-01

The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the incidence of diastolic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation in atrioventricular (AV) block using Doppler echocardiography. The temporal relation between mitral and tricuspid diastolic insufficiency and the diastolic murmur recorded in patients with complete heart block was also investigated. Twenty-two consecutive patients with AV block (referred to the Echo-Doppler laboratory for routine clinical studies), aged 18 to 87 years, were enrolled in the study. Eleven patients had third degree AV block and a ventricular-inhibited (VVI) pacemaker, two patients had second degree AV block, seven patients had first degree AV block, one patient had blocked premature atrial complexes and one patient had atrial flutter with 4:1 AV block. Diastolic mitral regurgitation was detected in 20 patients, and diastolic tricuspid regurgitation in 21. A mid-diastolic murmur was detected in all patients except in the three youngest. The murmur occurred before diastolic regurgitation and coincided with peak forward flow through the AV valve after atrial contraction. M-mode mitral valve echocardiograms obtained in nine patients demonstrated near closure of some portions of the mitral valve after atrial contraction. Effective closure of the valve, however, did not occur unless ventricular systole supervened. In conclusion, diastolic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation are almost universally present in patients with AV block and are associated with a diastolic murmur. The murmur coincides with forward AV valve flow. Diastolic regurgitation is silent. Effective AV valve closure is not established until ventricular systole occurs, as demonstrated by M-mode echocardiographic recording of the mitral valve.

Multiple-block grid adaption for an airplane geometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abolhassani, Jamshid Samareh; Smith, Robert E.

1988-01-01

Grid-adaption methods are developed with the capability of moving grid points in accordance with several variables for a three-dimensional multiple-block grid system. These methods are algebraic, and they are implemented for the computation of high-speed flow over an airplane configuration.

An integrated environmental tracer approach to characterizing groundwater circulation in a mountain block

USGS Publications Warehouse

Manning, Andrew H.; Solomon, D. Kip

2005-01-01

The subsurface transfer of water from a mountain block to an adjacent basin (mountain block recharge (MBR)) is a commonly invoked mechanism of recharge to intermountain basins. However, MBR estimates are highly uncertain. We present an approach to characterize bulk fluid circulation in a mountain block and thus MBR that utilizes environmental tracers from the basin aquifer. Noble gas recharge temperatures, groundwater ages, and temperature data combined with heat and fluid flow modeling are used to identify clearly improbable flow regimes in the southeastern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, and adjacent Wasatch Mountains. The range of possible MBR rates is reduced by 70%. Derived MBR rates (5.5–12.6 × 104 m3 d−1) are on the same order of magnitude as previous large estimates, indicating that significant MBR to intermountain basins is plausible. However, derived rates are 50–100% of the lowest previous estimate, meaning total recharge is probably less than previously thought.

Empirical flow parameters : a tool for hydraulic model validity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Asquith, William H.; Burley, Thomas E.; Cleveland, Theodore G.

2013-01-01

The objectives of this project were (1) To determine and present from existing data in Texas, relations between observed stream flow, topographic slope, mean section velocity, and other hydraulic factors, to produce charts such as Figure 1 and to produce empirical distributions of the various flow parameters to provide a methodology to "check if model results are way off!"; (2) To produce a statistical regional tool to estimate mean velocity or other selected parameters for storm flows or other conditional discharges at ungauged locations (most bridge crossings) in Texas to provide a secondary way to compare such values to a conventional hydraulic modeling approach. (3.) To present ancillary values such as Froude number, stream power, Rosgen channel classification, sinuosity, and other selected characteristics (readily determinable from existing data) to provide additional information to engineers concerned with the hydraulic-soil-foundation component of transportation infrastructure.

Analytical Derivation and Experimental Evaluation of Short-Bearing Approximation for Full Journal Bearing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dubois, George B; Ocvirk, Fred W

1953-01-01

An approximate analytical solution including the effect of end leakage from the oil film of short plain bearings is presented because of the importance of endwise flow in sleeve bearings of the short lengths commonly used. The analytical approximation is supported by experimental data, resulting in charts which facilitate analysis of short plain bearings. The analytical approximation includes the endwise flow and that part of the circumferential flow which is related to surface velocity and film thickness but neglects the effect of film pressure on the circumferential flow. In practical use, this approximation applies best to bearings having a length-diameter ratio up to 1, and the effects of elastic deflection, inlet oil pressure, and changes of clearance with temperature minimize the relative importance of the neglected term. The analytical approximation was found to be an extension of a little-known pressure-distribution function originally proposed by Michell and Cardullo.

With simple gasoline stripping devices, a problem of gas transportation by pipeline is resolved (in Spanish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Couto, J.A.

1975-06-01

Liquid hydrocarbons contained in Argentina's Pico Truncade natural gas caused a number of serious pipeline transmission and gas processing problems. Gas del Estado has installed a series of efficient liquid removal devices at the producing fields. A flow chart of the gasoline stripping process is illustrated, as are 2 types of heat exchangers. This process of gasoline stripping (gas condensate recovery) integrates various operations which normally are performed independently: separation of the poor condensate in the gas, stabilization of the same, and incorporation of the light components (products of the stabilization) in the main gas flow.

A comparison of multiprocessor scheduling methods for iterative data flow architectures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Storch, Matthew

1993-01-01

A comparative study is made between the Algorithm to Architecture Mapping Model (ATAMM) and three other related multiprocessing models from the published literature. The primary focus of all four models is the non-preemptive scheduling of large-grain iterative data flow graphs as required in real-time systems, control applications, signal processing, and pipelined computations. Important characteristics of the models such as injection control, dynamic assignment, multiple node instantiations, static optimum unfolding, range-chart guided scheduling, and mathematical optimization are identified. The models from the literature are compared with the ATAMM for performance, scheduling methods, memory requirements, and complexity of scheduling and design procedures.

An installed nacelle design code using a multiblock Euler solver. Volume 2: User guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, H. C.

1992-01-01

This is a user manual for the general multiblock Euler design (GMBEDS) code. The code is for the design of a nacelle installed on a geometrically complex configuration such as a complete airplane with wing/body/nacelle/pylon. It consists of two major building blocks: a design module developed by LaRC using directive iterative surface curvature (DISC); and a general multiblock Euler (GMBE) flow solver. The flow field surrounding a complex configuration is divided into a number of topologically simple blocks to facilitate surface-fitted grid generation and improve flow solution efficiency. This user guide provides input data formats along with examples of input files and a Unix script for program execution in the UNICOS environment.

Control of Technology Transfer at JPL

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oliver, Ronald

2006-01-01

Controlled Technology: 1) Design: preliminary or critical design data, schematics, technical flow charts, SNV code/diagnostics, logic flow diagrams, wirelist, ICDs, detailed specifications or requirements. 2) Development: constraints, computations, configurations, technical analyses, acceptance criteria, anomaly resolution, detailed test plans, detailed technical proposals. 3) Production: process or how-to: assemble, operated, repair, maintain, modify. 4) Manufacturing: technical instructions, specific parts, specific materials, specific qualities, specific processes, specific flow. 5) Operations: how-to operate, contingency or standard operating plans, Ops handbooks. 6) Repair: repair instructions, troubleshooting schemes, detailed schematics. 7) Test: specific procedures, data, analysis, detailed test plan and retest plans, detailed anomaly resolutions, detailed failure causes and corrective actions, troubleshooting, trended test data, flight readiness data. 8) Maintenance: maintenance schedules and plans, methods for regular upkeep, overhaul instructions. 9) Modification: modification instructions, upgrades kit parts, including software

A geologic and morphological description of Ishtar terra (Venus)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sukhanov, A.L.; Kotel'nikov, V.A.; Ostrovskii, M.V.

The main part of Ishtar Terra east of Maxwell Montes is covered by systems of area dislocations in several directions that are called ''parquet.'' From the structural pictures, 1) a stable central block, 2) smaller peripheral blocks separated from the central block by faults and grabens, 3) zones of mobilized parquet, the matter of which spread down below the slope in a direction away from the central block in the form of plastic flows, and 4) partially ''parquetized'' lava rock masses are distinguished here. The Maxwell Montes were formed as the result of the collision of the central block andmore » the Lakshmi Planum.« less

The effect of nerve blockade on forearm and finger skin blood flow during body heating and cooling.

PubMed

Saumet, J L; Degoute, C S; Saumet, M; Abraham, P

1992-08-01

To determine the role of the active cutaneous vasodilatator response in forearm and finger skin, direct assessment of only skin blood flow was performed before and after musculocutaneous and median nerve blockade during whole body heating and cooling. Forearm laser Doppler flow (LDF forearm), forearm heat thermal clearance (HTC forearm), and finger laser Doppler flow (LDF finger) were monitored in the nerve blocked skin and contralateral untreated skin (control). In the pre-blockade period, no significant differences were found between experimental and control arm skin. After nerve block a significant increase occurred only in LDF finger, which rose from 4.3 +/- 0.6 to 6.0 +/- 0.5 volts (p less than 0.05). During whole body heating LDF forearm and HTC forearm increased significantly on both arms. The increase in LDF forearm was greater (p less than 0.05) in control (18.3 +/- 1.2 volts) than in nerve blocked skin (14.6 +/- 1.8 volts) and occurred earlier. The same tendency was observed in HTC forearm between nerve blocked skin (0.522 +/- 0.06 W.m-1.degrees C-1) and control 0.671 +/- 0.037 W.m-1.degrees C-1) (NS). LDF raise up to 6.6 +/- 0.5 and 6.8 +/- 0.5 volts in the blocked finger and in the control respectively. During cooling LDF finger in the control decreased to 1.3 +/- 0.1 volt and was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than in the resting period, and lower than that in the nerve blocked finger (3.4 +/- 0.8 volts) (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the active vasodilatator system plays an important role as far as the timing and the amplitude of the cutaneous vasodilatator response to whole body heating in the forearm but not in the finger. At thermal neutrality, the vascular vasoconstrictor tone is high to the finger but not to the forearm. The vasoconstrictor response to cooling occurred only in the finger.

Numerical simulation of rough-surface aerodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chi, Xingkai

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow over surfaces with roughness in which the details of the surface geometry must be resolved pose major challenges. The objective of this study is to address these challenges through two important engineering problems, where roughness play a critical role---flow over airfoils with accrued ice and flow and heat transfer over turbine blade surfaces roughened by erosion and/or deposition. CFD simulations of iced airfoils face two major challenges. The first is how to generate high-quality single- and multi-block structured grids for highly convoluted convex and concave surface geometries with multiple scales. In this study, two methods were developed for the generation of high-quality grids for such geometries. The method developed for single-block grids involves generating a grid about the clean airfoil, carving out a portion of that grid about the airfoil, replacing that portion with a grid that accounts for the accrued ice geometry, and performing elliptic smoothing. The method developed for multi-block grids involves a transition-layer grid to ensure jaggedness in the ice geometry does not propagate into the domain. It also involves a "thick" wrap-around grid about the ice to ensure grid lines clustered next to solid surfaces do not propagate as streaks of tightly packed grid lines into the domain along block boundaries. For multi-block grids, this study also developed blocking topologies that ensure solutions to multi-block grids converge to steady state as quickly as single-block grids. The second major challenge in CFD simulations of iced airfoils is not knowing when it will predict reliably because of uncertainties in the turbulence modeling. In this study, the effects of turbulence models in predicting lift, drag, and moment coefficients were examined for airfoils with rime ice (i.e., ice with jaggedness only) and with glaze ice (i.e., ice with multiple protruding horns and surface jaggedness) as a function of angle of attack. In this examination, three different CFD codes---WIND, FLUENT, and PowerFLOW were used to examine a variety of turbulence models, including Spalart-Allmaras, RNG k-epsilon, shear-stress transport, v2-f, and differential Reynolds stress with and without non-equilibrium wall functions. The accuracy of the CFD predictions was evaluated by comparing grid-independent solutions with measured experimental data. Results obtained show CFD with WIND and FLUENT to predict the aerodynamics of airfoils with rime ice reliably up to near stall for all turbulence models investigated. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Semianalytical computation of path lines for finite-difference models

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pollock, D.W.

1988-01-01

A semianalytical particle tracking method was developed for use with velocities generated from block-centered finite-difference ground-water flow models. Based on the assumption that each directional velocity component varies linearly within a grid cell in its own coordinate directions, the method allows an analytical expression to be obtained describing the flow path within an individual grid cell. Given the intitial position of a particle anywhere in a cell, the coordinates of any other point along its path line within the cell, and the time of travel between them, can be computed directly. For steady-state systems, the exit point for a particle entering a cell at any arbitrary location can be computed in a single step. By following the particle as it moves from cell to cell, this method can be used to trace the path of a particle through any multidimensional flow field generated from a block-centered finite-difference flow model. -Author

Stefan blowing effects on MHD bioconvection flow of a nanofluid in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms with active and passive nanoparticles flux

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giri, Shib Sankar; Das, Kalidas; Kundu, Prabir Kumar

2017-02-01

The present paper investigates the effect of Stefan blowing on the hydro-magnetic bioconvection of a water-based nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms through a permeable surface. Also we studied both actively and passively the controlled flux of nanoparticles and the effect of a surface slip at the wall. We adopt a similarity approach to reduce the leading partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations along with two separate boundary conditions (active and passive) and solve the resulting equations numerically by employing the RK-4 method through the shooting technique to perform the flow analysis. Discussions on the effect of emerging flow parameter on the flow characteristic are made properly through graphs and charts. We observed that the effects of the traditional Lewis number and suction/blowing parameter on temperature distribution and microorganism concentration are converse to each other. A fair result comparison of the present paper with formerly obtained results is given.

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Hhhhhhh... - Operating Parameters, Operating Limits and Data Monitoring, Recording and Compliance Frequencies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... conductivity Continuous Every 15 minutes 3-hour block average. Regenerative Adsorber Regeneration stream flow. Minimum total flow per regeneration cycle Continuous N/A Total flow for each regeneration cycle. Adsorber bed temperature. Maximum temperature Continuously after regeneration and within 15 minutes of...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Hhhhhhh... - Operating Parameters, Operating Limits and Data Monitoring, Recording and Compliance Frequencies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... conductivity Continuous Every 15 minutes 3-hour block average. Regenerative Adsorber Regeneration stream flow. Minimum total flow per regeneration cycle Continuous N/A Total flow for each regeneration cycle. Adsorber bed temperature. Maximum temperature Continuously after regeneration and within 15 minutes of...

A large-grain mapping approach for multiprocessor systems through data flow model. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Hwa-Soo

1991-01-01

A large-grain level mapping method is presented of numerical oriented applications onto multiprocessor systems. The method is based on the large-grain data flow representation of the input application and it assumes a general interconnection topology of the multiprocessor system. The large-grain data flow model was used because such representation best exhibits inherited parallelism in many important applications, e.g., CFD models based on partial differential equations can be presented in large-grain data flow format, very effectively. A generalized interconnection topology of the multiprocessor architecture is considered, including such architectural issues as interprocessor communication cost, with the aim to identify the 'best matching' between the application and the multiprocessor structure. The objective is to minimize the total execution time of the input algorithm running on the target system. The mapping strategy consists of the following: (1) large-grain data flow graph generation from the input application using compilation techniques; (2) data flow graph partitioning into basic computation blocks; and (3) physical mapping onto the target multiprocessor using a priority allocation scheme for the computation blocks.

Manufacturing Methods and Technology Project Summary Reports

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

Effect Cathode SUMMARY Many of the problems associated with the processes shown in the process flow chart. Figure 2, were solved. The stress that...presence of this tape provides stress points in the encapsulant and can cause it to crack under thermal cycling, creates the possibility of...observed at the inner bore ^P diameter, confirming stresses in excess of the material yield strength at the highest speeds. Based upon these

An on-line system for hand-printed input

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, T. G.; Bebb, J.

1971-01-01

The capability of graphic input/output systems is described. Topics considered are a character recognizer and dictionary building program, an initial flow chart element input program, and a system entitled The Assistant Mathematician, which uses ordinary mathematics to specify numeric computation. All three parts are necessary to allow a user to carry on a mathematical dialogue with the computer in the language and notation of his discipline or problem domain.

Logic Models in Out-of-School Time Programs: What Are They and Why Are They Important? Research-to-Results Brief. Publication #2007-01

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamilton, Jenny; Bronte-Tinkew, Jacinta

2007-01-01

A logic model, also called a conceptual model and theory-of-change model, is a visual representation of how a program is expected to "work." It relates resources, activities, and the intended changes or impacts that a program is expected to create. Typically, logic models are diagrams or flow charts with illustrations, text, and arrows that…

Seeing the Enemy: Army Air Force Aerial Reconnaissance Support to U.S. Army Operations in the Mediterranean in World War 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-12

Mission Debrief Report ................................157 Figure 41. Flow Chart of Film from Collection to Division...reconnaissance increased speed, but the limited analysis sacrificed accuracy and detail, and caused intelligence personnel and commanders dilemmas...targets or larger areas for general familiarization or map-making. This detail had a price: timeliness. Early in the war, film development and print

Documentation of the Fourth Order Band Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kalnay-Rivas, E.; Hoitsma, D.

1979-01-01

A general circulation model is presented which uses quadratically conservative, fourth order horizontal space differences on an unstaggered grid and second order vertical space differences with a forward-backward or a smooth leap frog time scheme to solve the primitive equations of motion. The dynamic equations for motion, finite difference equations, a discussion of the structure and flow chart of the program code, a program listing, and three relevent papers are given.

Essentials of clinical immunology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chapel, M.A.; Haeney, M.

1988-01-01

The authors demonstrate that clinical immunology is a subject which is useful for the diagnosis and management of a great number and variety of human diseases. The book makes use of illustrative case histories and flow charts to demonstrate the usefulness of clinical immunology in the diagnosis and management of a great number and variety of human diseases. The authors discuss the relevance of new DNA technology and the role of bone marrow transplantation.

Evaluation of engineering foods for Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karel, M.

1982-01-01

The feasibility of developing acceptable and reliable engineered foods for use in controlled ecological support systems (CELSS) was evaluated. Food resupply and regeneration are calculated, flow charts of food processes in a multipurpose food pilot plant are presented, and equipment for a multipurpose food pilot plant and potential simplification of processes are discussed. Food-waste treatment and water usage in food processing and preparation are also considered.

Synthetic-Type Control Charts for Time-Between-Events Monitoring

PubMed Central

Yen, Fang Yen; Chong, Khoo Michael Boon; Ha, Lee Ming

2013-01-01

This paper proposes three synthetic-type control charts to monitor the mean time-between-events of a homogenous Poisson process. The first proposed chart combines an Erlang (cumulative time between events, Tr) chart and a conforming run length (CRL) chart, denoted as Synth-Tr chart. The second proposed chart combines an exponential (or T) chart and a group conforming run length (GCRL) chart, denoted as GR-T chart. The third proposed chart combines an Erlang chart and a GCRL chart, denoted as GR-Tr chart. By using a Markov chain approach, the zero- and steady-state average number of observations to signal (ANOS) of the proposed charts are obtained, in order to evaluate the performance of the three charts. The optimal design of the proposed charts is shown in this paper. The proposed charts are superior to the existing T chart, Tr chart, and Synth-T chart. As compared to the EWMA-T chart, the GR-T chart performs better in detecting large shifts, in terms of the zero- and steady-state performances. The zero-state Synth-T4 and GR-Tr (r = 3 or 4) charts outperform the EWMA-T chart for all shifts, whereas the Synth-Tr (r = 2 or 3) and GR-T 2 charts perform better for moderate to large shifts. For the steady-state process, the Synth-Tr and GR-Tr charts are more efficient than the EWMA-T chart in detecting small to moderate shifts. PMID:23755231

Operations management tools to be applied for textile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maralcan, A.; Ilhan, I.

2017-10-01

In this paper, basic concepts of process analysis such as flow time, inventory, bottleneck, labour cost and utilization are illustrated first. The effect of bottleneck on the results of a business are especially emphasized. In the next section, tools on productivity measurement; KPI (Key Performance Indicators) Tree, OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) and Takt Time are introduced and exemplified. KPI tree is a diagram on which we can visualize all the variables of an operation which are driving financial results through cost and profit. OEE is a tool to measure a potential extra capacity of an equipment or an employee. Takt time is a tool to determine the process flow rate according to the customer demand. KPI tree is studied through the whole process while OEE is exemplified for a stenter frame machine which is the most important machine (and usually the bottleneck) and the most expensive investment in a finishing plant. Takt time is exemplified for the quality control department. Finally quality tools, six sigma, control charts and jidoka are introduced. Six sigma is a tool to measure process capability and by the way probability of a defect. Control chart is a powerful tool to monitor the process. The idea of jidoka (detect, stop and alert) is about alerting the people that there is a problem in the process.

Rheology of the Seismogenic Crust in Southern California: Comparing Lithotectonic Blocks Defined by Past Tectonics and Major Faults

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hauksson, E.; Meier, M. A.; Ross, Z. E.

2017-12-01

We analyze waveform relocated seismicity (1981-2016) and other geophysical and geological datasets to determine the rheology of the crust in southern California. First, we calculate earthquake depth histograms (EDH) to quantify the depth distribution of seismicity. In general the EDHs vary between regions with a shallower mean depth and more rapid decay with depth in the brittle-ductile transition zone for high heat flow regions, which results in a shallower 95% seismicity cut-off-depth. Second, we determine depth profiles of crustal yield stress envelopes (YSE) using Byerlee's law and a non-linear dislocation creep law. We analyze the EDHs and YSEs for each lithotectonic block to identify differences in shape that may be related to lithology or past tectonic history of the crust. To model the YSE for each block we correct for measured average heat flow, strain rate, and state of stress. We determine YSEs of five different lithologies for each of the 12 lithotectonic blocks. We investigate if the EDHs are diagnostic of average lithology types. We find that the EDHs to first order follow the shape of the computed YSEs, and that the lithologies of the best matching YSEs conform with geological expectations. In particular, the blocks of the North America plate are mostly dominated by Quartzite lithology while the blocks of the Pacific plate are mostly of Diorite composition except for the Quartz dominated rifted margin in the Salton Trough. Only the extended San Gabriel block exhibits two-layer composition with Quartz underplated by Diorite. This suggests that EDHs can be used to infer the first order shape of the strength profile of the seismogenic crust. We also compare the EDH and the preferred YSE for each block with independent 3D models of Vp, Vs, Vp./Vs, and density to confirm independently the lithology of the crust. Further, we analyze the presence of mid-crustal low velocity zones that may influence the seismicity depth distribution, or onset of ductile flow.

Wave propagation and power flow in an acoustic metamaterial plate with lateral local resonance attachment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ting; Sheng, Meiping; Ding, Xiaodong; Yan, Xiaowei

2018-03-01

This paper presents analysis on wave propagation and power flow in an acoustic metamaterial plate with lateral local resonance. The metamaterial is designed to have lateral local resonance systems attached to a homogeneous plate. Relevant theoretical analysis, numerical modelling and application prospect are presented. Results show that the metamaterial has two complete band gaps for flexural wave absorption and vibration attenuation. Damping can smooth and lower the metamaterial’s frequency responses in high frequency ranges at the expense of the band gap effect, and as an important factor to calculate the power flow is thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the effective mass density becomes negative and unbounded at specific frequencies. Simultaneously, power flow within band gaps are dramatically blocked from the power flow contour and power flow maps. Results from finite element modelling and power flow analysis reveal the working mechanism of the flexural wave attenuation and power flow blocked within the band gaps, where part of the flexural vibration is absorbed by the vertical resonator and the rest is transformed through four-link-mechanisms to the lateral resonators that oscillate and generate inertial forces indirectly to counterbalance the shear forces induced by the vibrational plate. The power flow is stored in the vertical and lateral local resonance, as well as in the connected plate.

Relative significance of microtopography and vegetation as controls on surface water flow on a low-gradient floodplain

USGS Publications Warehouse

Choi, Jungyill; Harvey, Judson W.

2014-01-01

Surface water flow controls water velocities, water depths, and residence times, and influences sediment and nutrient transport and other ecological processes in shallow aquatic systems. Flow through wetlands is substantially influenced by drag on vegetation stems but is also affected by microtopography. Our goal was to use microtopography data directly in a widely used wetland model while retaining the advantages of the model’s one-dimensional structure. The base simulation with no explicit treatment of microtopography only performed well for a period of high water when vegetation dominated flow resistance. Extended simulations using microtopography can improve the fit to low-water conditions substantially. The best fit simulation had a flow conductance parameter that decreased in value by 70 % during dry season such that mcrotopographic features blocked 40 % of the cross sectional width for flow. Modeled surface water became ponded and flow ceased when 85 % of the cross sectional width became blocked by microtopographic features. We conclude that vegetation drag dominates wetland flow resistance at higher water levels and microtopography dominates at low water levels with the threshold delineated by the top of microtopographic features. Our results support the practicality of predicting flow on floodplains using relatively easily measured physical and biological variables.

Validation of structural analysis methods using the in-house liner cyclic rigs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, R. L.

1982-01-01

Test conditions and variables to be considered in each of the test rigs and test configurations, and also used in the validation of the structural predictive theories and tools, include: thermal and mechanical load histories (simulating an engine mission cycle; different boundary conditions; specimens and components of different dimensions and geometries; different materials; various cooling schemes and cooling hole configurations; several advanced burner liner structural design concepts; and the simulation of hot streaks. Based on these test conditions and test variables, the test matrices for each rig and configurations can be established to verify the predictive tools over as wide a range of test conditions as possible using the simplest possible tests. A flow chart for the thermal/structural analysis of a burner liner and how the analysis relates to the tests is shown schematically. The chart shows that several nonlinear constitutive theories are to be evaluated.

Spatio-temporal alignment of multiple sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tinghua; Ni, Guoqiang; Fan, Guihua; Sun, Huayan; Yang, Biao

2018-01-01

Aiming to achieve the spatio-temporal alignment of multi sensor on the same platform for space target observation, a joint spatio-temporal alignment method is proposed. To calibrate the parameters and measure the attitude of cameras, an astronomical calibration method is proposed based on star chart simulation and collinear invariant features of quadrilateral diagonal between the observed star chart. In order to satisfy a temporal correspondence and spatial alignment similarity simultaneously, the method based on the astronomical calibration and attitude measurement in this paper formulates the video alignment to fold the spatial and temporal alignment into a joint alignment framework. The advantage of this method is reinforced by exploiting the similarities and prior knowledge of velocity vector field between adjacent frames, which is calculated by the SIFT Flow algorithm. The proposed method provides the highest spatio-temporal alignment accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods on sequences recorded from multi sensor at different times.

An assessment of a film enhancement system for use in a radiation therapy department.

PubMed

Solowsky, E L; Reinstein, L E; Meek, A G

1990-01-01

The clinical uses of a radiotherapy film enhancement system are explored. The primary functions of the system are to improve the quality of poorly exposed simulator and portal films, and to perform comparisons between the two films to determine whether patient or block positioning errors are present. Other features include: the production of inexpensive, high quality hardcopy images of simulation films and initial portal films for chart documentation, the capacity to overlay lateral simulation films with sagittal MRI films to aid in field design, and a mode to zoom in on individual CT or MRI images and enlarge them for video display during chart rounds or instructional sessions. This commercially available system is comprised of a microcomputer, frame grabber, CCD camera with zoom lens, and a high-resolution thermal printer. The user-friendly software is menu driven and utilizes both keyboard and track ball to perform its functions. At the heart of the software is a very fast Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) routine, which enhances and improves the readability of most portal films. The system has been evaluated for several disease sites, and its advantages and limitations will be presented.

Three-dimensional implicit lambda methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Napolitano, M.; Dadone, A.

1983-01-01

This paper derives the three dimensional lambda-formulation equations for a general orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system and provides various block-explicit and block-implicit methods for solving them, numerically. Three model problems, characterized by subsonic, supersonic and transonic flow conditions, are used to assess the reliability and compare the efficiency of the proposed methods.

Preliminary design of an intermittent smoke flow visualization system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ward, Donald T.; Myatt, James H.

1993-01-01

A prototype intermittent flow visualization system that was designed to study vortex flow field dynamics has been constructed and tested through its ground test phase. It produces discrete pulses of dense white smoke consisting of particles of terephthalic acid by the pulsing action of a fast-acting three-way valve. The trajectories of the smoke pulses can be tracked by a video imaging system without intruding in the flow around in flight. Two methods of pulsing the smoke were examined. The simplest and safest approach is to simply divert the smoke between the two outlet ports on the valve; this approach should be particularly effective if it were desired to inject smoke at two locations during the same test event. The second approach involves closing off one of the outlet ports to momentarily block the flow. The second approach requires careful control of valve dwell times to avoid excessive pressure buildup within the cartridge container. This method also increases the velocity of the smoke injected into the flow. The flow of the smoke has been blocked for periods ranging from 30 to 80 milliseconds, depending on the system volume and the length of time the valve is allowed to remain open between valve closings.

Thrombus (image)

MedlinePlus

... body. Thrombi or emboli can lodge in a blood vessel and block the flow of blood in that location depriving tissues of normal blood flow and oxygen. This can result in damage, destruction (infarction), or even death of the tissues (necrosis) in that area.

Fire resistant nuclear fuel cask

DOEpatents

Heckman, Richard C.; Moss, Marvin

1979-01-01

The disclosure is directed to a fire resistant nuclear fuel cask employing reversibly thermally expansible bands between adjacent cooling fins such that normal outward flow of heat is not interfered with, but abnormal inward flow of heat is impeded or blocked.

Critical evaluation of reverse engineering tool Imagix 4D!

PubMed

Yadav, Rashmi; Patel, Ravindra; Kothari, Abhay

2016-01-01

The comprehension of legacy codes is difficult to understand. Various commercial reengineering tools are available that have unique working styles, and are equipped with their inherent capabilities and shortcomings. The focus of the available tools is in visualizing static behavior not the dynamic one. Therefore, it is difficult for people who work in software product maintenance, code understanding reengineering/reverse engineering. Consequently, the need for a comprehensive reengineering/reverse engineering tool arises. We found the usage of Imagix 4D to be good as it generates the maximum pictorial representations in the form of flow charts, flow graphs, class diagrams, metrics and, to a partial extent, dynamic visualizations. We evaluated Imagix 4D with the help of a case study involving a few samples of source code. The behavior of the tool was analyzed on multiple small codes and a large code gcc C parser. Large code evaluation was performed to uncover dead code, unstructured code, and the effect of not including required files at preprocessing level. The utility of Imagix 4D to prepare decision density and complexity metrics for a large code was found to be useful in getting to know how much reengineering is required. At the outset, Imagix 4D offered limitations in dynamic visualizations, flow chart separation (large code) and parsing loops. The outcome of evaluation will eventually help in upgrading Imagix 4D and posed a need of full featured tools in the area of software reengineering/reverse engineering. It will also help the research community, especially those who are interested in the realm of software reengineering tool building.

An experimental investigation of internal area ruling for transonic and supersonic channel flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roberts, W. B.; Vanrintel, H. L.; Rizvi, G.

1982-01-01

A simulated transonic rotor channel model was examined experimentally to verify the flow physics of internal area ruling. Pressure measurements were performed in the high speed wind tunnel at transonic speeds with Mach 1.5 and Mach 2 nozzle blocks to get an indication of the approximate shock losses. The results showed a reduction in losses due to internal area ruling with the Mach 1.5 nozzle blocks. The reduction in total loss coefficient was of the order of 17 percent for a high blockage model and 7 percent for a cut-down model.