Sample records for foam work vests

  1. 46 CFR 26.30-1 - Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. 26.30-1 Section 26.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-1 Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried under the...

  2. 46 CFR 26.30-1 - Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. 26.30-1 Section 26.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-1 Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried under the...

  3. 46 CFR 26.30-1 - Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. 26.30-1 Section 26.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-1 Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried under the...

  4. 46 CFR 26.30-1 - Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. 26.30-1 Section 26.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-1 Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried under the...

  5. 46 CFR 26.30-1 - Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. 26.30-1 Section 26.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-1 Approved unicellular plastic foam work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried under the...

  6. 46 CFR 160.053-1 - Applicable specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-1 Applicable... plastic foam work vests are manufactured, form a part of this subpart: (1) Military specification: MIL-L-17653A—Life Preserver, Vest, Work Type, Unicellular Plastic. (2) [Reserved] (b) Copies on file. Copies of...

  7. 46 CFR 160.053-1 - Applicable specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-1 Applicable... plastic foam work vests are manufactured, form a part of this subpart: (1) Military specification: MIL-L-17653A—Life Preserver, Vest, Work Type, Unicellular Plastic. (2) [Reserved] (b) Copies on file. Copies of...

  8. 46 CFR 160.053-1 - Applicable specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-1 Applicable... plastic foam work vests are manufactured, form a part of this subpart: (1) Military specification: MIL-L-17653A—Life Preserver, Vest, Work Type, Unicellular Plastic. (2) [Reserved] (b) Copies on file. Copies of...

  9. 46 CFR 160.053-1 - Applicable specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... plastic foam work vests are manufactured, form a part of this subpart: (1) Military specification: MIL-L-17653A—Life Preserver, Vest, Work Type, Unicellular Plastic. (2) [Reserved] (b) Copies on file. Copies of...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-1 Applicable...

  10. 46 CFR 160.053-2 - Type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-2 Type. (a) Unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall be of the type described in Military Specification...

  11. 46 CFR 160.053-2 - Type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-2 Type. (a) Unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall be of the type described in Military Specification...

  12. 46 CFR 160.053-2 - Type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-2 Type. (a) Unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall be of the type described in Military Specification...

  13. 46 CFR 160.053-2 - Type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-2 Type. (a) Unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall be of the type described in Military Specification...

  14. 46 CFR 160.053-2 - Type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-2 Type. (a) Unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall be of the type described in Military Specification...

  15. 46 CFR 160.053-1 - Applicable specifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-1 Applicable... plastic foam work vests are manufactured, form a part of this subpart: (1) Military specification: MIL-L...

  16. 46 CFR 160.053-3 - Materials, construction and workmanship.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic... workmanship of unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall conform to the requirements.... All components used in the construction of work vests must meet the applicable requirements of subpart...

  17. 46 CFR 160.053-3 - Materials, construction and workmanship.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic... workmanship of unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall conform to the requirements.... All components used in the construction of work vests must meet the applicable requirements of subpart...

  18. 46 CFR 160.053-3 - Materials, construction and workmanship.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic... workmanship of unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall conform to the requirements.... All components used in the construction of work vests must meet the applicable requirements of subpart...

  19. 46 CFR 160.053-6 - Procedure for approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-6 Procedure for approval. (a) General. Work vests for use on merchant vessels are approved only by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard. Manufacturers seeking approval of a work vest shall follow the procedures of this section...

  20. 46 CFR 160.053-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-5 Marking. (a) Each work vest must have the following information clearly printed in waterproof lettering that can be... force of 171/2 lbs. Approved for use on Merchant Vessels as a work vest. U.S. Coast Guard Approval No...

  1. 46 CFR 160.053-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-5 Marking. (a) Each work vest must have the following information clearly printed in waterproof lettering that can be... force of 171/2 lbs. Approved for use on Merchant Vessels as a work vest. U.S. Coast Guard Approval No...

  2. 46 CFR 160.053-6 - Procedure for approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-6 Procedure for approval. (a) General. Work vests for use on merchant vessels are approved only by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard. Manufacturers seeking approval of a work vest shall follow the procedures of this section...

  3. 46 CFR 160.053-6 - Procedure for approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-6 Procedure for approval. (a) General. Work vests for use on merchant vessels are approved only by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard. Manufacturers seeking approval of a work vest shall follow the procedures of this section...

  4. 46 CFR 160.053-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-5 Marking. (a) Each work vest must have the following information clearly printed in waterproof lettering that can be... force of 171/2 lbs. Approved for use on Merchant Vessels as a work vest. U.S. Coast Guard Approval No...

  5. 46 CFR 160.053-4 - Inspections and tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-4 Inspections and.... (b) Manufacturer's inspections and tests. Manufacturers of approved work vests shall maintain quality... samples from each lot to maintain the quality of their product. (c) Lot size. A lot shall consist of not...

  6. 46 CFR 160.053-4 - Inspections and tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-4 Inspections and.... (b) Manufacturer's inspections and tests. Manufacturers of approved work vests shall maintain quality... samples from each lot to maintain the quality of their product. (c) Lot size. A lot shall consist of not...

  7. 46 CFR 160.053-4 - Inspections and tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-4 Inspections and.... (b) Manufacturer's inspections and tests. Manufacturers of approved work vests shall maintain quality... samples from each lot to maintain the quality of their product. (c) Lot size. A lot shall consist of not...

  8. 46 CFR 160.053-3 - Materials, construction and workmanship.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Foam § 160.053-3 Materials, construction and workmanship. (a) General. Except as otherwise specifically... workmanship of unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall conform to the requirements...

  9. 46 CFR 160.053-3 - Materials, construction and workmanship.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Foam § 160.053-3 Materials, construction and workmanship. (a) General. Except as otherwise specifically... workmanship of unicellular plastic foam work vests specified by this subpart shall conform to the requirements...

  10. 46 CFR 160.052-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam... arranged and distributed so as to provide the flotation characteristics and buoyancy required to hold the...) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as shown on Dwg. 160...

  11. 46 CFR 160.052-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as shown on Dwg. 160...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam.... Two pieces of fabric shall be cut to the pattern shown on Dwg. No. 160.052-1, Sheet 1 for adult size...

  12. 46 CFR 160.052-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as shown on Dwg. 160...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam.... Two pieces of fabric shall be cut to the pattern shown on Dwg. No. 160.052-1, Sheet 1 for adult size...

  13. 46 CFR 160.052-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as shown on Dwg. 160...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam.... Two pieces of fabric shall be cut to the pattern shown on Dwg. No. 160.052-1, Sheet 1 for adult size...

  14. 46 CFR 160.052-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as shown on Dwg. 160...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam.... Two pieces of fabric shall be cut to the pattern shown on Dwg. No. 160.052-1, Sheet 1 for adult size...

  15. 46 CFR 160.052-3 - Materials-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Materials-standard vests. 160.052-3 Section 160.052-3...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3 Materials—standard vests. (a) General. All components used in the...

  16. 46 CFR 160.052-4 - Materials-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Materials-nonstandard vests. 160.052-4 Section 160.052-4...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-4 Materials—nonstandard vests. (a) General. All materials used in nonstandard...

  17. 46 CFR 160.052-4 - Materials-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Materials-nonstandard vests. 160.052-4 Section 160.052-4...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-4 Materials—nonstandard vests. (a) General. All materials used in nonstandard...

  18. 46 CFR 160.060-4 - Materials-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Materials-nonstandard vests. 160.060-4 Section 160.060-4...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-4 Materials—nonstandard vests. (a) General. All materials used in nonstandard...

  19. 46 CFR 160.052-4 - Materials-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Materials-nonstandard vests. 160.052-4 Section 160.052-4...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-4 Materials—nonstandard vests. (a) General. All materials used in nonstandard...

  20. 46 CFR 160.060-4 - Materials-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Materials-nonstandard vests. 160.060-4 Section 160.060-4...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-4 Materials—nonstandard vests. (a) General. All materials used in nonstandard...

  1. 46 CFR 160.060-4 - Materials-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Materials-nonstandard vests. 160.060-4 Section 160.060-4...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-4 Materials—nonstandard vests. (a) General. All materials used in nonstandard...

  2. 46 CFR 160.060-3 - Materials-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Materials-standard vests. 160.060-3 Section 160.060-3...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-3 Materials—standard vests. (a) General. All components used in the...

  3. 46 CFR 160.052-3 - Materials-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Materials-standard vests. 160.052-3 Section 160.052-3...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3 Materials—standard vests. (a) General. All components used in the...

  4. 46 CFR 160.060-3 - Materials-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Materials-standard vests. 160.060-3 Section 160.060-3...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-3 Materials—standard vests. (a) General. All components used in the...

  5. 46 CFR 160.052-3 - Materials-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Materials-standard vests. 160.052-3 Section 160.052-3...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3 Materials—standard vests. (a) General. All components used in the...

  6. 46 CFR 160.060-3 - Materials-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Materials-standard vests. 160.060-3 Section 160.060-3...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-3 Materials—standard vests. (a) General. All components used in the...

  7. 46 CFR 160.052-4 - Materials-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Materials-nonstandard vests. 160.052-4 Section 160.052-4...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-4 Materials—nonstandard vests. (a) General. All materials used in nonstandard...

  8. 46 CFR 160.052-3 - Materials-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Materials-standard vests. 160.052-3 Section 160.052-3...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3 Materials—standard vests. (a) General. All components used in the...

  9. 46 CFR 160.060-3 - Materials-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Materials-standard vests. 160.060-3 Section 160.060-3...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-3 Materials—standard vests. (a) General. All components used in the...

  10. 46 CFR 160.060-4 - Materials-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Materials-nonstandard vests. 160.060-4 Section 160.060-4...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-4 Materials—nonstandard vests. (a) General. All materials used in nonstandard...

  11. 46 CFR 160.060-7 - Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1... Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-7 Inspections and tests—standard and nonstandard vests. 1 1 The manufacturer of a personal flotation device must meet 33 CFR 181.701...

  12. 46 CFR 160.060-7 - Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1... Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-7 Inspections and tests—standard and nonstandard vests. 1 1 The manufacturer of a personal flotation device must meet 33 CFR 181.701...

  13. 46 CFR 160.060-7 - Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1... Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-7 Inspections and tests—standard and nonstandard vests. 1 1 The manufacturer of a personal flotation device must meet 33 CFR 181.701...

  14. 46 CFR 160.060-8 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-8 Marking. (a) Each buoyant vest must have the following information clearly... manufacturer or distributor). (Lot No.). (b) Waterproof marking. Marking of buoyant vests shall be sufficiently...

  15. 46 CFR 160.052-8 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-8 Marking. (a) Each buoyant vest must have the following information clearly... vests shall be sufficiently waterproof so that after 72 hours submergence in water it will withstand...

  16. 46 CFR 160.052-8 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-8 Marking. (a) Each buoyant vest must have the following information clearly... vests shall be sufficiently waterproof so that after 72 hours submergence in water it will withstand...

  17. 46 CFR 160.052-8 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-8 Marking. (a) Each buoyant vest must have the following information clearly... vests shall be sufficiently waterproof so that after 72 hours submergence in water it will withstand...

  18. 46 CFR 160.060-8 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-8 Marking. (a) Each buoyant vest must have the following information clearly... manufacturer or distributor). (Lot No.). (b) Waterproof marking. Marking of buoyant vests shall be sufficiently...

  19. 46 CFR 160.060-8 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-8 Marking. (a) Each buoyant vest must have the following information clearly... manufacturer or distributor). (Lot No.). (b) Waterproof marking. Marking of buoyant vests shall be sufficiently...

  20. 46 CFR 160.053-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Marking. 160.053-5 Section 160.053-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-5 Marking. (a...

  1. 46 CFR 160.053-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Marking. 160.053-5 Section 160.053-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-5 Marking. (a...

  2. 46 CFR 160.060-2 - Type and model.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-2 Type and model. Each buoyant vest specified in this subpart is a: (a... designation for a nonstandard vest is to be assigned by the individual manufactured and must be different from...

  3. 46 CFR 160.052-2 - Size and model.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-2 Size and model. (a) A standard buoyant vest is manufactured in accordance... (for persons weighing less than 50 pounds). (b) A nonstandard buoyant vest is: (1) Manufactured in...

  4. 46 CFR 160.052-2 - Size and model.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-2 Size and model. (a) A standard buoyant vest is manufactured in accordance... (for persons weighing less than 50 pounds). (b) A nonstandard buoyant vest is: (1) Manufactured in...

  5. 46 CFR 160.060-2 - Type and model.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-2 Type and model. Each buoyant vest specified in this subpart is a: (a... designation for a nonstandard vest is to be assigned by the individual manufactured and must be different from...

  6. 46 CFR 160.052-2 - Size and model.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-2 Size and model. (a) A standard buoyant vest is manufactured in accordance... (for persons weighing less than 50 pounds). (b) A nonstandard buoyant vest is: (1) Manufactured in...

  7. 46 CFR 160.060-2 - Type and model.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-2 Type and model. Each buoyant vest specified in this subpart is a: (a... designation for a nonstandard vest is to be assigned by the individual manufactured and must be different from...

  8. 46 CFR 160.052-2 - Size and model.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-2 Size and model. (a) A standard buoyant vest is manufactured in accordance... (for persons weighing less than 50 pounds). (b) A nonstandard buoyant vest is: (1) Manufactured in...

  9. 46 CFR 160.060-2 - Type and model.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-2 Type and model. Each buoyant vest specified in this subpart is a: (a... designation for a nonstandard vest is to be assigned by the individual manufactured and must be different from...

  10. 46 CFR 160.052-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.052-3a Section 160.052-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests. (a...

  11. 46 CFR 160.060-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.060-3a Section 160.060-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests...

  12. 46 CFR 160.060-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.060-3a Section 160.060-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests...

  13. 46 CFR 160.052-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.052-3a Section 160.052-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests. (a...

  14. 46 CFR 160.060-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.060-3a Section 160.060-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests...

  15. 46 CFR 160.060-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.060-3a Section 160.060-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160.060-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests...

  16. 46 CFR 160.052-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.052-3a Section 160.052-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests. (a...

  17. 46 CFR 160.052-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.052-3a Section 160.052-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests. (a...

  18. 46 CFR 160.053-6 - Procedure for approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedure for approval. 160.053-6 Section 160.053-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-6 Procedure for...

  19. 46 CFR 160.053-4 - Inspections and tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Inspections and tests. 160.053-4 Section 160.053-4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-4 Inspections and...

  20. 46 CFR 160.053-4 - Inspections and tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inspections and tests. 160.053-4 Section 160.053-4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-4 Inspections and...

  1. 46 CFR 160.053-6 - Procedure for approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Procedure for approval. 160.053-6 Section 160.053-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Work Vests, Unicellular Plastic Foam § 160.053-6 Procedure for...

  2. 46 CFR 160.060-1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam... issue in effect on the date buoyant vests are manufacture, form a part of this subpart: Dwg. No. 160.060...

  3. 46 CFR 160.060-1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam... issue in effect on the date buoyant vests are manufacture, form a part of this subpart: Dwg. No. 160.060...

  4. 46 CFR 160.060-1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam... issue in effect on the date buoyant vests are manufacture, form a part of this subpart: Dwg. No. 160.060...

  5. 46 CFR 160.060-1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam... issue in effect on the date buoyant vests are manufacture, form a part of this subpart: Dwg. No. 160.060...

  6. 46 CFR 160.052-1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam... Preservers, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child. 164.015—Plastic Foam, Unicellular, Buoyant Sheet and... manufactured, form a part of this subpart: Dwg. No. 160.052-1: Sheet 1—Cutting Pattern and General Arrangement...

  7. 46 CFR 160.052-1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam... Preservers, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child. 164.015—Plastic Foam, Unicellular, Buoyant Sheet and... manufactured, form a part of this subpart: Dwg. No. 160.052-1: Sheet 1—Cutting Pattern and General Arrangement...

  8. 46 CFR 160.052-1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam... Preservers, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child. 164.015—Plastic Foam, Unicellular, Buoyant Sheet and... manufactured, form a part of this subpart: Dwg. No. 160.052-1: Sheet 1—Cutting Pattern and General Arrangement...

  9. 46 CFR 160.052-1 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam... Preservers, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child. 164.015—Plastic Foam, Unicellular, Buoyant Sheet and... manufactured, form a part of this subpart: Dwg. No. 160.052-1: Sheet 1—Cutting Pattern and General Arrangement...

  10. 46 CFR 160.052-6 - Construction-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... the following volume of plastic foam buoyant material, determined by the displacement method: (1) Five... methods used for nonstandard buoyant vests must be equivalent to those requirements in § 160.052-5 for a... wearer in an upright or backward position with head and face out of water; (2) Have no tendency to turn a...

  11. 46 CFR 160.052-6 - Construction-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... the following volume of plastic foam buoyant material, determined by the displacement method: (1) Five... methods used for nonstandard buoyant vests must be equivalent to those requirements in § 160.052-5 for a... wearer in an upright or backward position with head and face out of water; (2) Have no tendency to turn a...

  12. 46 CFR 160.052-6 - Construction-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... the following volume of plastic foam buoyant material, determined by the displacement method: (1) Five... methods used for nonstandard buoyant vests must be equivalent to those requirements in § 160.052-5 for a... wearer in an upright or backward position with head and face out of water; (2) Have no tendency to turn a...

  13. 46 CFR 160.052-6 - Construction-nonstandard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... the following volume of plastic foam buoyant material, determined by the displacement method: (1) Five... methods used for nonstandard buoyant vests must be equivalent to those requirements in § 160.052-5 for a... wearer in an upright or backward position with head and face out of water; (2) Have no tendency to turn a...

  14. 46 CFR 160.060-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam, Adult and Child § 160... and 115 pounds for a child size for 10 minutes at ambient temperatures without breaking or distorting...

  15. 46 CFR 160.052-7 - Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-7 Inspections and tests—standard and...) Maintain quality control of the materials used, the manufacturing methods and workmanship, and the finished... scale in such a manner that the basket can be weighed while it is completely under water. In order to...

  16. 46 CFR 160.052-7 - Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-7 Inspections and tests—standard and...) Maintain quality control of the materials used, the manufacturing methods and workmanship, and the finished... scale in such a manner that the basket can be weighed while it is completely under water. In order to...

  17. 46 CFR 160.052-7 - Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-7 Inspections and tests—standard and...) Maintain quality control of the materials used, the manufacturing methods and workmanship, and the finished... scale in such a manner that the basket can be weighed while it is completely under water. In order to...

  18. 46 CFR 160.052-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam, Adult and Child § 160.052-3a... must be attached to a support and bear 150 pounds for an adult size and 115 pounds for a child size for...

  19. 46 CFR 160.060-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... arranged and distributed so as to provide the flotation characteristics and buoyancy required to hold the... drawings. (c) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as...

  20. 46 CFR 160.060-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... drawings. (c) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as.... Two pieces of fabric shall be cut to the pattern shown on Dwg. No. 160.060-1, Sheet 1 for the adult...

  1. 46 CFR 160.060-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... drawings. (c) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as.... Two pieces of fabric shall be cut to the pattern shown on Dwg. No. 160.060-1, Sheet 1 for the adult...

  2. 46 CFR 160.060-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... drawings. (c) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as.... Two pieces of fabric shall be cut to the pattern shown on Dwg. No. 160.060-1, Sheet 1 for the adult...

  3. 46 CFR 160.060-5 - Construction-standard vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... drawings. (c) Buoyant inserts. The unicellular plastic foam buoyant inserts shall be cut and formed as.... Two pieces of fabric shall be cut to the pattern shown on Dwg. No. 160.060-1, Sheet 1 for the adult...

  4. 46 CFR 160.060-9 - Recognized laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Recognized laboratory. 160.060-9 Section 160.060-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam...

  5. 46 CFR 160.052-9 - Recognized laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Recognized laboratory. 160.052-9 Section 160.052-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam...

  6. 46 CFR 160.052-9 - Recognized laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Recognized laboratory. 160.052-9 Section 160.052-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam...

  7. 46 CFR 160.060-9 - Recognized laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Recognized laboratory. 160.060-9 Section 160.060-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam...

  8. 46 CFR 160.060-9 - Recognized laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Recognized laboratory. 160.060-9 Section 160.060-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam...

  9. 46 CFR 160.060-9 - Recognized laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Recognized laboratory. 160.060-9 Section 160.060-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Polyethylene Foam...

  10. 46 CFR 160.052-9 - Recognized laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Recognized laboratory. 160.052-9 Section 160.052-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam...

  11. 46 CFR 160.052-9 - Recognized laboratory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Recognized laboratory. 160.052-9 Section 160.052-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Unicellular Plastic Foam...

  12. 46 CFR 131.710 - Approved work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved work vests. 131.710 Section 131.710 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.710 Approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried aboard must be approved under subpart 160...

  13. 46 CFR 169.556 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Work vests. 169.556 Section 169.556 Shipping COAST GUARD... Firefighting Equipment Additional Lifesaving Equipment § 169.556 Work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried.... (b) Approved buoyant work vests are items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be...

  14. 46 CFR 169.556 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Work vests. 169.556 Section 169.556 Shipping COAST GUARD... Firefighting Equipment Additional Lifesaving Equipment § 169.556 Work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried.... (b) Approved buoyant work vests are items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be...

  15. 46 CFR 131.710 - Approved work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved work vests. 131.710 Section 131.710 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.710 Approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried aboard must be approved under subpart 160...

  16. 46 CFR 169.556 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Work vests. 169.556 Section 169.556 Shipping COAST GUARD... Firefighting Equipment Additional Lifesaving Equipment § 169.556 Work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried.... (b) Approved buoyant work vests are items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be...

  17. 46 CFR 131.710 - Approved work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved work vests. 131.710 Section 131.710 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.710 Approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried aboard must be approved under subpart 160...

  18. 46 CFR 131.710 - Approved work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved work vests. 131.710 Section 131.710 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.710 Approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried aboard must be approved under subpart 160...

  19. 46 CFR 131.710 - Approved work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved work vests. 131.710 Section 131.710 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.710 Approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried aboard must be approved under subpart 160...

  20. 46 CFR 169.556 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Work vests. 169.556 Section 169.556 Shipping COAST GUARD... Firefighting Equipment Additional Lifesaving Equipment § 169.556 Work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried.... (b) Approved buoyant work vests are items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be...

  1. 46 CFR 169.556 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Work vests. 169.556 Section 169.556 Shipping COAST GUARD... Firefighting Equipment Additional Lifesaving Equipment § 169.556 Work vests. (a) Buoyant work vests carried.... (b) Approved buoyant work vests are items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be...

  2. 46 CFR 108.697 - Buoyant work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Buoyant work vests. 108.697 Section 108.697 Shipping... EQUIPMENT Miscellaneous Equipment § 108.697 Buoyant work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest on a unit must be... work vests must be— (1) Used, stowed, and maintained in accordance with the procedures set out in the...

  3. 33 CFR 146.20 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Work vests. 146.20 Section 146.20... SHELF ACTIVITIES OPERATIONS OCS Facilities § 146.20 Work vests. (a) Types of approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive authority of this section must be approved under— (1) 46...

  4. 33 CFR 146.20 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Work vests. 146.20 Section 146.20... SHELF ACTIVITIES OPERATIONS OCS Facilities § 146.20 Work vests. (a) Types of approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive authority of this section must be approved under— (1) 46...

  5. 46 CFR 78.36-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 78.36-5 Section 78.36-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  6. 46 CFR 196.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 196.34-5 Section 196.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  7. 46 CFR 78.36-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 78.36-5 Section 78.36-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  8. 46 CFR 196.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 196.34-5 Section 196.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  9. 33 CFR 146.20 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Work vests. 146.20 Section 146.20... SHELF ACTIVITIES OPERATIONS OCS Facilities § 146.20 Work vests. (a) Types of approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive authority of this section must be approved under— (1) 46...

  10. 46 CFR 196.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 196.34-5 Section 196.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  11. 46 CFR 78.36-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 78.36-5 Section 78.36-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  12. 46 CFR 108.697 - Buoyant work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Buoyant work vests. 108.697 Section 108.697 Shipping... EQUIPMENT Miscellaneous Equipment § 108.697 Buoyant work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest on a unit must be... work vests must be— (1) Used, stowed, and maintained in accordance with the procedures set out in the...

  13. 46 CFR 108.697 - Buoyant work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Buoyant work vests. 108.697 Section 108.697 Shipping... EQUIPMENT Miscellaneous Equipment § 108.697 Buoyant work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest on a unit must be... work vests must be— (1) Used, stowed, and maintained in accordance with the procedures set out in the...

  14. 46 CFR 78.36-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 78.36-5 Section 78.36-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  15. 46 CFR 196.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 196.34-5 Section 196.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  16. 46 CFR 108.697 - Buoyant work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Buoyant work vests. 108.697 Section 108.697 Shipping... EQUIPMENT Miscellaneous Equipment § 108.697 Buoyant work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest on a unit must be... work vests must be— (1) Used, stowed, and maintained in accordance with the procedures set out in the...

  17. 46 CFR 108.697 - Buoyant work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Buoyant work vests. 108.697 Section 108.697 Shipping... EQUIPMENT Miscellaneous Equipment § 108.697 Buoyant work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest on a unit must be... work vests must be— (1) Used, stowed, and maintained in accordance with the procedures set out in the...

  18. 33 CFR 146.20 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Work vests. 146.20 Section 146.20... SHELF ACTIVITIES OPERATIONS OCS Facilities § 146.20 Work vests. (a) Types of approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive authority of this section must be approved under— (1) 46...

  19. 33 CFR 146.20 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Work vests. 146.20 Section 146.20... SHELF ACTIVITIES OPERATIONS OCS Facilities § 146.20 Work vests. (a) Types of approved work vests. Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive authority of this section must be approved under— (1) 46...

  20. 46 CFR 196.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 196.34-5 Section 196.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  1. 46 CFR 78.36-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 78.36-5 Section 78.36-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  2. 46 CFR 97.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 97.34-5 Section 97.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  3. 46 CFR 97.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 97.34-5 Section 97.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  4. 46 CFR 97.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 97.34-5 Section 97.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  5. 46 CFR 167.43-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 167.43-5 Section 167.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  6. 46 CFR 97.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 97.34-5 Section 97.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  7. 46 CFR 167.43-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 167.43-5 Section 167.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  8. 46 CFR 167.43-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 167.43-5 Section 167.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  9. 46 CFR 97.34-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 97.34-5 Section 97.34-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  10. 46 CFR 167.43-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 167.43-5 Section 167.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  11. 46 CFR 167.43-5 - Approved types of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved types of work vests. 167.43-5 Section 167.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-5 Approved types of work vests. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the...

  12. 46 CFR 108.636 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Work vests. 108.636 Section 108.636 Shipping COAST GUARD... Markings and Instructions § 108.636 Work vests. Each space containing a work vest must be marked: “WORK VEST”. ...

  13. 46 CFR 108.636 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Work vests. 108.636 Section 108.636 Shipping COAST GUARD... Markings and Instructions § 108.636 Work vests. Each space containing a work vest must be marked: “WORK VEST”. ...

  14. 46 CFR 108.636 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Work vests. 108.636 Section 108.636 Shipping COAST GUARD... Markings and Instructions § 108.636 Work vests. Each space containing a work vest must be marked: “WORK VEST”. ...

  15. 33 CFR 149.327 - What are the approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? 149.327 Section 149.327 Navigation and Navigable... approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? All work vests and anti-exposure (deck... as a work vest; (b) Approval series 160.053 or 160.153 as an anti-exposure suit; or (c) Approval...

  16. 33 CFR 149.327 - What are the approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? 149.327 Section 149.327 Navigation and Navigable... approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? All work vests and anti-exposure (deck... as a work vest; (b) Approval series 160.053 or 160.153 as an anti-exposure suit; or (c) Approval...

  17. 33 CFR 149.327 - What are the approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? 149.327 Section 149.327 Navigation and Navigable... approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? All work vests and anti-exposure (deck... as a work vest; (b) Approval series 160.053 or 160.153 as an anti-exposure suit; or (c) Approval...

  18. 33 CFR 149.327 - What are the approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? 149.327 Section 149.327 Navigation and Navigable... approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? All work vests and anti-exposure (deck... as a work vest; (b) Approval series 160.053 or 160.153 as an anti-exposure suit; or (c) Approval...

  19. 33 CFR 149.327 - What are the approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? 149.327 Section 149.327 Navigation and Navigable... approval requirements for work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits? All work vests and anti-exposure (deck... as a work vest; (b) Approval series 160.053 or 160.153 as an anti-exposure suit; or (c) Approval...

  20. 46 CFR 167.43-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination... vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work vest is beyond repair, it shall be destroyed or mutilated in the presence of a marine...

  1. 46 CFR 167.43-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination... vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work vest is beyond repair, it shall be destroyed or mutilated in the presence of a marine...

  2. 46 CFR 167.43-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination... vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work vest is beyond repair, it shall be destroyed or mutilated in the presence of a marine...

  3. 46 CFR 167.43-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination... vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work vest is beyond repair, it shall be destroyed or mutilated in the presence of a marine...

  4. 46 CFR 167.43-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination... vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work vest is beyond repair, it shall be destroyed or mutilated in the presence of a marine...

  5. 33 CFR 150.518 - What are the inspection requirements for work vests and immersion suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and immersion suits? 150.518 Section 150.518 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... vests and immersion suits? (a) All work vests and immersion suits must be inspected by the owner or... a work vest or immersion suit is inspected and is in serviceable condition, then it may remain in...

  6. 33 CFR 150.518 - What are the inspection requirements for work vests and immersion suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and immersion suits? 150.518 Section 150.518 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... vests and immersion suits? (a) All work vests and immersion suits must be inspected by the owner or... a work vest or immersion suit is inspected and is in serviceable condition, then it may remain in...

  7. 33 CFR 150.518 - What are the inspection requirements for work vests and immersion suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and immersion suits? 150.518 Section 150.518 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... vests and immersion suits? (a) All work vests and immersion suits must be inspected by the owner or... a work vest or immersion suit is inspected and is in serviceable condition, then it may remain in...

  8. 33 CFR 150.518 - What are the inspection requirements for work vests and immersion suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and immersion suits? 150.518 Section 150.518 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... vests and immersion suits? (a) All work vests and immersion suits must be inspected by the owner or... a work vest or immersion suit is inspected and is in serviceable condition, then it may remain in...

  9. 33 CFR 150.518 - What are the inspection requirements for work vests and immersion suits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... requirements for work vests and immersion suits? 150.518 Section 150.518 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... vests and immersion suits? (a) All work vests and immersion suits must be inspected by the owner or... a work vest or immersion suit is inspected and is in serviceable condition, then it may remain in...

  10. 46 CFR 108.636 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Work vests. 108.636 Section 108.636 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Equipment Markings and Instructions § 108.636 Work vests. Each space containing a work vest must be marked: “WORK...

  11. 46 CFR 108.636 - Work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Work vests. 108.636 Section 108.636 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Equipment Markings and Instructions § 108.636 Work vests. Each space containing a work vest must be marked: “WORK...

  12. 46 CFR 196.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Work Vests § 196.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a... service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work...

  13. 46 CFR 196.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Work Vests § 196.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a... service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work...

  14. 46 CFR 196.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Work Vests § 196.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a... service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work...

  15. 46 CFR 196.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Work Vests § 196.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a... service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work...

  16. 46 CFR 196.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Work Vests § 196.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a... service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel. If a work...

  17. 46 CFR 109.335 - Stowage of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Stowage of work vests. 109.335 Section 109.335 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.335 Stowage of work vests. The master or person in charge shall insure that no work vest is stowed where life preservers are stowed. ...

  18. 46 CFR 97.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 97.34-25 Section 97.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to...

  19. 46 CFR 196.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 196.34-25 Section 196.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition...

  20. 46 CFR 196.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 196.34-25 Section 196.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition...

  1. 46 CFR 196.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 196.34-25 Section 196.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition...

  2. 46 CFR 97.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 97.34-25 Section 97.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to...

  3. 46 CFR 78.36-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 78.36-25 Section 78.36-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other...

  4. 46 CFR 167.43-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 167.43-25 Section 167.43-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In...

  5. 46 CFR 196.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 196.34-25 Section 196.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition...

  6. 46 CFR 78.36-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 78.36-25 Section 78.36-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other...

  7. 46 CFR 109.335 - Stowage of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Stowage of work vests. 109.335 Section 109.335 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.335 Stowage of work vests. The master or person in charge shall insure that no work vest is stowed where life preservers are stowed. ...

  8. 46 CFR 97.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 97.34-25 Section 97.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to...

  9. 46 CFR 167.43-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 167.43-25 Section 167.43-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In...

  10. 46 CFR 109.335 - Stowage of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Stowage of work vests. 109.335 Section 109.335 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.335 Stowage of work vests. The master or person in charge shall insure that no work vest is stowed where life preservers are stowed. ...

  11. 46 CFR 109.335 - Stowage of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Stowage of work vests. 109.335 Section 109.335 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.335 Stowage of work vests. The master or person in charge shall insure that no work vest is stowed where life preservers are stowed. ...

  12. 46 CFR 167.43-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 167.43-25 Section 167.43-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In...

  13. 46 CFR 78.36-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 78.36-25 Section 78.36-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other...

  14. 46 CFR 196.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 196.34-25 Section 196.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition...

  15. 46 CFR 97.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 97.34-25 Section 97.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to...

  16. 46 CFR 78.36-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 78.36-25 Section 78.36-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other...

  17. 46 CFR 167.43-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 167.43-25 Section 167.43-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In...

  18. 46 CFR 78.36-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 78.36-25 Section 78.36-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other...

  19. 46 CFR 109.335 - Stowage of work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Stowage of work vests. 109.335 Section 109.335 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.335 Stowage of work vests. The master or person in charge shall insure that no work vest is stowed where life preservers are stowed. ...

  20. 46 CFR 167.43-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 167.43-25 Section 167.43-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In...

  1. 46 CFR 97.34-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 97.34-25 Section 97.34-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to...

  2. 46 CFR 35.03-5 - Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL. 35.03-5 Section 35.03-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-5 Approved types of work vests—TB/ALL. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  3. 46 CFR 35.03-5 - Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL. 35.03-5 Section 35.03-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-5 Approved types of work vests—TB/ALL. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  4. 46 CFR 35.03-5 - Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL. 35.03-5 Section 35.03-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-5 Approved types of work vests—TB/ALL. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  5. 46 CFR 35.03-5 - Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL. 35.03-5 Section 35.03-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-5 Approved types of work vests—TB/ALL. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  6. 46 CFR 35.03-5 - Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Approved types of work vests-TB/ALL. 35.03-5 Section 35.03-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-5 Approved types of work vests—TB/ALL. (a) Each buoyant work vest carried under the permissive...

  7. 46 CFR 35.03-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 35.03-25 Section 35.03-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other requirements in...

  8. 33 CFR 149.329 - How must work vests and deck suits be marked?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How must work vests and deck... Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.329 How must work vests and deck suits be marked? All work vests and deck suits must be fitted with Type I retroreflective material, approved under...

  9. 46 CFR 97.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by... in service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel...

  10. 46 CFR 35.03-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 35.03-25 Section 35.03-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other requirements in...

  11. 33 CFR 149.328 - How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How must work vests and anti... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.328 How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed? All work vests and deck suits must be stowed separately from lifejackets...

  12. 33 CFR 149.328 - How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How must work vests and anti... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.328 How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed? All work vests and deck suits must be stowed separately from lifejackets...

  13. 46 CFR 35.03-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 35.03-25 Section 35.03-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other requirements in...

  14. 46 CFR 97.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by... in service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel...

  15. 33 CFR 149.329 - How must work vests and deck suits be marked?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How must work vests and deck... Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.329 How must work vests and deck suits be marked? All work vests and deck suits must be fitted with Type I retroreflective material, approved under...

  16. 33 CFR 149.328 - How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How must work vests and anti... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.328 How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed? All work vests and deck suits must be stowed separately from lifejackets...

  17. 46 CFR 97.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by... in service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel...

  18. 33 CFR 149.329 - How must work vests and deck suits be marked?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How must work vests and deck... Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.329 How must work vests and deck suits be marked? All work vests and deck suits must be fitted with Type I retroreflective material, approved under...

  19. 46 CFR 97.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by... in service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel...

  20. 33 CFR 149.329 - How must work vests and deck suits be marked?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How must work vests and deck... Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.329 How must work vests and deck suits be marked? All work vests and deck suits must be fitted with Type I retroreflective material, approved under...

  1. 46 CFR 97.34-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by... in service, but shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then such work vest shall be removed from the vessel...

  2. 46 CFR 35.03-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 35.03-25 Section 35.03-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other requirements in...

  3. 46 CFR 35.03-25 - Additional requirements for hybrid work vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. 35.03-25 Section 35.03-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-25 Additional requirements for hybrid work vests. (a) In addition to the other requirements in...

  4. 33 CFR 149.329 - How must work vests and deck suits be marked?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How must work vests and deck... Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.329 How must work vests and deck suits be marked? All work vests and deck suits must be fitted with Type I retroreflective material, approved under...

  5. 33 CFR 149.328 - How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How must work vests and anti... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.328 How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed? All work vests and deck suits must be stowed separately from lifejackets...

  6. 33 CFR 149.328 - How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How must work vests and anti... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.328 How must work vests and anti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed? All work vests and deck suits must be stowed separately from lifejackets...

  7. Ice-cooled vest for work in hot mines

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1979-04-01

    A specially designed ice-cooled vest is worn while working in hot environments where cooling the mine air is not possible. The vest holds a total of 44 individual ice cells in packets that are firmly held near the wearer's skin. These ice cells remove heat from the wearer, reducing heat stress and increasing comfort. Laboratory testing at Pennsylvania State University showed that the cooling vest greatly prolongs the time that men can work in hot environments. Rescue men, wearing breathing apparatus and working in very humid air at 96/sup 0/F were able to work about 40% longer when using themore » vest. The vest has also been tested for several months in a chemical plant.« less

  8. 33 CFR 149.330 - When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false When may a work vest or deck suit... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.330 When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket? (a) A work vest or deck suit meeting the requirements of § 149...

  9. 33 CFR 149.330 - When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false When may a work vest or deck suit... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.330 When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket? (a) A work vest or deck suit meeting the requirements of § 149...

  10. 33 CFR 149.330 - When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false When may a work vest or deck suit... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.330 When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket? (a) A work vest or deck suit meeting the requirements of § 149...

  11. 33 CFR 149.330 - When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false When may a work vest or deck suit... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.330 When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket? (a) A work vest or deck suit meeting the requirements of § 149...

  12. 33 CFR 149.330 - When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false When may a work vest or deck suit... EQUIPMENT Lifesaving Equipment Manned Deepwater Port Requirements § 149.330 When may a work vest or deck suit be substituted for a lifejacket? (a) A work vest or deck suit meeting the requirements of § 149...

  13. Engineered carbon foam for temperature control applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Almajali, Mohammad Rajab

    The need for advanced thermal management materials is well recognized in the electronics and communication industries. An overall reduction in size of electronic components has lead to higher power dissipation and increased the necessity for innovative cooling designs. In response, material suppliers have developed and are continuing to develop, an increasing number of light weight thermal management materials. The new carbon foam is a low density and high thermal conductivity material which has the potential to radically improve heat transfer, thereby reducing size and weight of equipment while simultaneously increasing its efficiency and capabilities. However, carbon foam exhibits low strength and low heat capacity. The present work is intended to overcome these two main drawbacks using a combinatorial approach: (i) initially, copper coating was carried out to improve the thermo-mechanical properties of carbon foam. The thermal and mechanical properties of coated foam were measured using laser flash technique and compression test, respectively. An analytical model was developed to calculate the effective thermal conductivity. It was observed that the copper-coated carbon foam with 50% porosity can attain a thermal conductivity of 180 W/mK. The results from the analytical model were in a very good agreement with experimental results. The modulus increased from 4.5 MPa to 8.6 MPa and the plateau stress increased from 54 kPa to 171 kPa. The relationships between the measured properties and the copper weight ratio were determined. The above analyses demonstrated the significance of copper coating in tailoring carbon foam properties. (ii) Numerical and experimental studies were performed to analyze the phase change behavior of wax/foam composite encapsulated in metal casing. A two-energy equation model was solved using computational fluid dynamics software (CFD). Interfacial effects at the casing-composite junction and between the wax-foam surfaces and the capillary pressure within the foam matrix were investigated. These factors lowered the heat transfer rate considerably and the melting area was reduced by more than 23%. Two samples, coated and uncoated carbon foam, were infiltrated with PCM and subjected to a uniform heat load test in a vacuum. The coated foam showed excellent performance compared to the uncoated foam. (iii) Finally, the new engineered carbon foam was used as a heat sink and heat exchanger in a thermoelectric cooler for a cooling vest application. Using carbon foam as the core material for this application, the effective transfer of heat was significantly increased while reducing the size and weight of the heat exchanger.

  14. 46 CFR 131.740 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.740 Shipboard inspections. Each buoyant work vest must be subject to examination by a marine... work vest is stamped as inspected. If not found serviceable, and if determined irreparable by the...

  15. 46 CFR 131.740 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.740 Shipboard inspections. Each buoyant work vest must be subject to examination by a marine... work vest is stamped as inspected. If not found serviceable, and if determined irreparable by the...

  16. 46 CFR 131.740 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.740 Shipboard inspections. Each buoyant work vest must be subject to examination by a marine... work vest is stamped as inspected. If not found serviceable, and if determined irreparable by the...

  17. 46 CFR 131.740 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.740 Shipboard inspections. Each buoyant work vest must be subject to examination by a marine... work vest is stamped as inspected. If not found serviceable, and if determined irreparable by the...

  18. 46 CFR 131.740 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.740 Shipboard inspections. Each buoyant work vest must be subject to examination by a marine... work vest is stamped as inspected. If not found serviceable, and if determined irreparable by the...

  19. 46 CFR 97.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Vests § 97.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  20. 46 CFR 196.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Vests § 196.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  1. 46 CFR 97.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Vests § 97.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  2. 46 CFR 196.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Vests § 196.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  3. 46 CFR 196.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Vests § 196.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  4. 46 CFR 196.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Vests § 196.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  5. 46 CFR 97.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Vests § 97.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  6. 46 CFR 97.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Vests § 97.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  7. 46 CFR 196.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  8. 46 CFR 97.34-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall...

  9. 46 CFR 131.720 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.720 Use. (a) An approved buoyant work vest is an item of safety apparel and may be carried aboard for wear by a crew member when working near or over the water. (b) The vest may not count towards the vessel's...

  10. 46 CFR 131.720 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.720 Use. (a) An approved buoyant work vest is an item of safety apparel and may be carried aboard for wear by a crew member when working near or over the water. (b) The vest may not count towards the vessel's...

  11. 46 CFR 131.720 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.720 Use. (a) An approved buoyant work vest is an item of safety apparel and may be carried aboard for wear by a crew member when working near or over the water. (b) The vest may not count towards the vessel's...

  12. 46 CFR 131.720 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.720 Use. (a) An approved buoyant work vest is an item of safety apparel and may be carried aboard for wear by a crew member when working near or over the water. (b) The vest may not count towards the vessel's...

  13. 46 CFR 131.720 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.720 Use. (a) An approved buoyant work vest is an item of safety apparel and may be carried aboard for wear by a crew member when working near or over the water. (b) The vest may not count towards the vessel's...

  14. 46 CFR 78.36-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  15. 46 CFR 78.36-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  16. 46 CFR 78.36-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  17. 46 CFR 78.36-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  18. 46 CFR 78.36-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  19. 46 CFR 167.43-15 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Work Vests § 167.43-15 Shipboard stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not to be easily confused with that for approved life preservers. ...

  20. 46 CFR 78.36-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine... shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be...

  1. 46 CFR 78.36-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine... shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be...

  2. 46 CFR 26.30-5 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-5 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be worn by..., approved buoyant work vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved...

  3. 46 CFR 35.03-15 - Shipboard stowage-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-15 Shipboard stowage—TB/ALL. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  4. 46 CFR 26.30-5 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-5 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be worn by..., approved buoyant work vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved...

  5. 46 CFR 78.36-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine... shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be...

  6. 46 CFR 78.36-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine... shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be...

  7. 46 CFR 26.30-5 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-5 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be worn by..., approved buoyant work vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved...

  8. 46 CFR 35.03-15 - Shipboard stowage-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-15 Shipboard stowage—TB/ALL. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  9. 46 CFR 35.03-15 - Shipboard stowage-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-15 Shipboard stowage—TB/ALL. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  10. 46 CFR 35.03-15 - Shipboard stowage-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-15 Shipboard stowage—TB/ALL. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  11. 46 CFR 26.30-5 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-5 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be worn by..., approved buoyant work vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved...

  12. 46 CFR 78.36-20 - Shipboard inspections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-20 Shipboard inspections. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine... shall not be stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be...

  13. 46 CFR 35.03-15 - Shipboard stowage-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-15 Shipboard stowage—TB/ALL. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of approved life preservers. (b) The locations for the stowage of work vests shall be such as not...

  14. The vest-collar as a rodent collar to prevent licking and scratching during experiments.

    PubMed

    Jang, Yura; Park, Ye Eun; Yun, Cheol-Won; Kim, Dae-Hyun; Chung, Hesson

    2016-08-01

    Various types of restraint collars have been used for research animals, and the Elizabethan collar (E-collar) is the most commonly used. However, animals can be choked by the E-collar or they tend to remove it; furthermore, repeated rubbing and scratching of the collar may chafe the neck. We developed a new restraint collar with a vest to overcome these limitations. The vest-collar (V-collar) can be worn similarly to a vest, in contrast to the E-collar, which is fixed around the neck. A cone-shaped collar is attached to the vest in the V-collar and is made of Eva foam to surround the chest softly, accompanied by a transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film for visibility. To evaluate the performance of the V-collar, we conducted experiments with mice wearing the V-collar and the E-collar. Both groups showed normal weight gain and food intake. Glucose and stress hormone levels showed no significant differences, and no stress-associated leukocyte profiles were observed during the experiments. However, despite the short experimental duration, more than half of the mice in the E-collar group showed injury to the skin on the neck, with increased thickness of the epidermal and keratin layers. Moreover, inflammatory cell counts were higher in the E-collar group than in the V-collar group. In conclusion, the V-collar, in contrast to the E-collar, does not cause skin injuries in animals and is thus beneficial for animals and investigators. Investigators can effectively use the V-collar to enhance laboratory animal welfare. © The Author(s) 2015.

  15. 46 CFR 35.03-20 - Shipboard inspections-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-20 Shipboard inspections—TB/ALL. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine inspector to... stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable...

  16. 46 CFR 35.03-20 - Shipboard inspections-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-20 Shipboard inspections—TB/ALL. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine inspector to... stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable...

  17. 46 CFR 35.03-20 - Shipboard inspections-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-20 Shipboard inspections—TB/ALL. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine inspector to... stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable...

  18. 46 CFR 35.03-20 - Shipboard inspections-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-20 Shipboard inspections—TB/ALL. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine inspector to... stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable...

  19. 46 CFR 35.03-20 - Shipboard inspections-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-20 Shipboard inspections—TB/ALL. (a) Each work vest shall be subject to examination by a marine inspector to... stamped by a marine inspector with a Coast Guard stamp. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable...

  20. UNC ice vest testing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bartley, P.L.

    1986-09-04

    The Barrir Wear Ice Vest (Barrier Vest) was tested at UNC from June 6, 1986 to June 24, 1986. The test was very successful with 27 of the 29 test responses indicating a safer work environment and a desire to wear the vest again.

  1. 46 CFR 180.72 - Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life jackets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... emergencies. (b) Wearable marine buoyant devices that include “ski vests,” “boating vests,” and “fishing vests... Commandant, may be carried as additional equipment. (c) Buoyant work vests approved in accordance with § 160...

  2. 46 CFR 180.72 - Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life jackets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... emergencies. (b) Wearable marine buoyant devices that include “ski vests,” “boating vests,” and “fishing vests... Commandant, may be carried as additional equipment. (c) Buoyant work vests approved in accordance with § 160...

  3. 46 CFR 180.72 - Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life jackets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... emergencies. (b) Wearable marine buoyant devices that include “ski vests,” “boating vests,” and “fishing vests... Commandant, may be carried as additional equipment. (c) Buoyant work vests approved in accordance with § 160...

  4. 46 CFR 167.43-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be.... When carried, such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of...

  5. 46 CFR 196.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  6. 46 CFR 167.43-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be.... When carried, such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of...

  7. 46 CFR 97.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  8. 46 CFR 78.36-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  9. 46 CFR 78.36-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  10. 46 CFR 167.43-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be.... When carried, such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of...

  11. 46 CFR 196.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  12. 46 CFR 78.36-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  13. 46 CFR 196.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  14. 46 CFR 196.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  15. 46 CFR 97.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  16. 46 CFR 78.36-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  17. 46 CFR 97.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  18. 46 CFR 97.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  19. 46 CFR 167.43-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be.... When carried, such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of...

  20. 46 CFR 97.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 97.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  1. 46 CFR 196.34-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 196.34-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried..., such vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life...

  2. 46 CFR 78.36-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 78.36-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  3. 46 CFR 117.72 - Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life jackets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... devices that include “ski vests,” “boating vests,” and “fishing vests,” approved in accordance with § 160... additional equipment. (c) Buoyant work vests approved in accordance with § 160.053 in subchapter Q of this...

  4. 46 CFR 117.72 - Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life jackets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... devices that include “ski vests,” “boating vests,” and “fishing vests,” approved in accordance with § 160... additional equipment. (c) Buoyant work vests approved in accordance with § 160.053 in subchapter Q of this...

  5. 46 CFR 117.72 - Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life jackets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... devices that include “ski vests,” “boating vests,” and “fishing vests,” approved in accordance with § 160... additional equipment. (c) Buoyant work vests approved in accordance with § 160.053 in subchapter Q of this...

  6. Evaluating the Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Wearing a Newly Designed Cooling Vest for Construction Workers.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Yijie; Yi, Wen; Chan, Albert P C; Wong, Francis K W; Yam, Michael C H

    2017-08-01

    Construction workers are subjected to heat stress because of the hot environment, physically demanding tasks, and/or personal protective equipment. A tailor-made cooling vest that protects construction workers from heat-related injuries was developed. The purpose of the study is to examine a newly designed cooling vest's effectiveness in alleviating physiological and perceptual strain in a hot and humid environment. Twelve male participants performed two trials, i.e., cooling vest (VEST) and control (CON) in a climatic chamber controlled at 37°C temperature, 60% relative humidity, 0.3 m/s air velocity, and 450 W/m2 solar radiation to simulate the summer working environment of construction sites. Two bouts of treadmill exercise intermitted with 30-minute passive recovery were designed to simulate the practical work-rest schedule of the construction industry. The cooling vest was used during the passive recovery period in the VEST condition, and the results were compared with that of no cooling vest in the CON condition. The results revealed that the newly designed cooling vest can significantly alleviate heat strain and improve thermal comfort, based on the decrease in body temperature, heart rate, and subjective perceptions (including perceived exertion, thermal, wetness, and comfort sensation) of the participants. It can also prolong work duration in the subsequent exercise. The cooling countermeasures proposed in this study will be able to provide an effective solution in situations that involve repeated bouts of outdoor construction work. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

  7. 46 CFR 35.03-10 - Use-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-10 Use—TB/ALL. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard tank... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  8. 46 CFR 35.03-10 - Use-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-10 Use—TB/ALL. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard tank... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  9. 46 CFR 35.03-10 - Use-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-10 Use—TB/ALL. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard tank... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  10. 46 CFR 35.03-10 - Use-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-10 Use—TB/ALL. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard tank... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  11. 46 CFR 35.03-10 - Use-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 35.03-10 Use—TB/ALL. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard tank... vests shall not be accepted in lieu of any portion of the required number of approved life preservers...

  12. 49 CFR 214.107 - Working over or adjacent to water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... four feet or more, or where the danger of drowning exists, shall be provided and shall use life vests or buoyant work vests in compliance with U.S. Coast Guard requirements in 46 CFR 160.047, 160.052... the railroad or railroad contractor. Defective units shall not be used. (c) Where life vests are...

  13. Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part I - "Expected" effects on discomfort, shoulder muscle activity, and work task performance.

    PubMed

    Kim, Sunwook; Nussbaum, Maury A; Mokhlespour Esfahani, Mohammad Iman; Alemi, Mohammad Mehdi; Alabdulkarim, Saad; Rashedi, Ehsan

    2018-03-07

    Use of exoskeletal vests (designed to support overhead work) can be an effective intervention approach for tasks involving arm elevation, yet little is known on the potential beneficial impacts of their use on physical demands and task performance. This laboratory study (n = 12) evaluated the effects of a prototype exoskeletal vest during simulated repetitive overhead drilling and light assembly tasks. Anticipated or expected benefits were assessed, in terms of perceived discomfort, shoulder muscle activity, and task performance. Using the exoskeletal vest did not substantially influence perceived discomfort, but did decrease normalized shoulder muscle activity levels (e.g., ≤ 45% reduction in peak activity). Drilling task completion time decreased by nearly 20% with the vest, but the number of errors increased. Overall, exoskeletal vest use has the potential to be a new intervention for work requiring arm elevation; however, additional investigations are needed regarding potential unexpected or adverse influences (see Part II). Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part II - "Unexpected" effects on shoulder motion, balance, and spine loading.

    PubMed

    Kim, Sunwook; Nussbaum, Maury A; Mokhlespour Esfahani, Mohammad Iman; Alemi, Mohammad Mehdi; Jia, Bochen; Rashedi, Ehsan

    2018-03-07

    Adopting a new technology (exoskeletal vest designed to support overhead work) in the workplace can be challenging since the technology may pose unexpected safety and health consequences. A prototype exoskeletal vest was evaluated for potential unexpected consequences with a set of evaluation tests for: usability (especially, donning & doffing), shoulder range of motion (ROM), postural control, slip & trip risks, and spine loading during overhead work simulations. Donning/doffing the vest was easily done by a wearer alone. The vest reduced the max. shoulder abduction ROM by ∼10%, and increased the mean center of pressure velocity in the anteroposterior direction by ∼12%. However, vest use had minimal influences on trip-/slip-related fall risks during level walking, and significantly reduced spine loadings (up to ∼30%) especially during the drilling task. Use of an exoskeletal vest can be beneficial, yet the current evaluation tests should be expanded for more comprehensiveness, to enable the safe adoption of the technology. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. 29 CFR 1926.106 - Working over or near water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... drowning exists, shall be provided with U.S. Coast Guard-approved life jacket or buoyant work vests. (b) Prior to and after each use, the buoyant work vests or life preservers shall be inspected for defects... (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment...

  16. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  17. 46 CFR 26.30-10 - Stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Stowage. 26.30-10 Section 26.30-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-10 Stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of required lifesaving equipment. ...

  18. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  19. 46 CFR 26.30-10 - Stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Stowage. 26.30-10 Section 26.30-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-10 Stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of required lifesaving equipment. ...

  20. 46 CFR 26.30-10 - Stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Stowage. 26.30-10 Section 26.30-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-10 Stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of required lifesaving equipment. ...

  1. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  2. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  3. 46 CFR 26.30-10 - Stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Stowage. 26.30-10 Section 26.30-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-10 Stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of required lifesaving equipment. ...

  4. 46 CFR 131.730 - Shipboard stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Shipboard stowage. 131.730 Section 131.730 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vests § 131.730 Shipboard stowage. The master shall ensure that no work vest is stowed where any lifejacket is...

  5. 46 CFR 26.30-10 - Stowage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Stowage. 26.30-10 Section 26.30-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS OPERATIONS Work Vest § 26.30-10 Stowage. (a) The approved buoyant work vests shall be stowed separately from the regular stowage of required lifesaving equipment. ...

  6. 46 CFR 167.43-10 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Work Vests § 167.43-10 Use. (a) Approved buoyant work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be... approved life preservers and shall not be substituted for the approved life preservers required to be worn...

  7. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cooling Vest in a Hot and Humid Environment.

    PubMed

    Yi, Wen; Zhao, Yijie; Chan, Albert P C

    2017-05-01

    This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed hybrid cooling vest for construction workers in alleviating heat stress. Two types of cooling vests, namely, a commonly worn Vest A and a newly designed Vest B, were tested in a climatic chamber environment (34.0°C temperature, 60% relative humidity, and 0.4 m s-1 air velocity) using a sweating thermal manikin. Four test scenarios were included: fan off with no phase change materials (PCMs) (Fan-off), fan on with no PCMs (Fan-on), fan off with completely solidified PCMs (PCM + Fan-off), and fan on with completely solidified PCMs (PCM + Fan-on). Test results showed that Vests A and B provided a continuous cooling effect during the 3-h test. The average cooling power for the torso region of Vest B was 67 W, which was higher than that of Vest A (56 W). The addition of PCMs offered a cooling effect of approximately 60 min. Ventilation fans considerably improved the evaporative heat loss compared with the Fan-off condition. The newly designed hybrid cooling vest (Vest B) may be an effective means to reduce heat strain and enhance work performance in a hot and humid environment. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

  8. 49 CFR 214.107 - Working over or adjacent to water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... four feet or more, or where the danger of drowning exists, shall be provided and shall use life vests or buoyant work vests in compliance with U.S. Coast Guard requirements in 46 CFR 160.047, 160.052, and 160.053. Life preservers in compliance with U.S. Coast Guard requirements in 46 CFR 160.055 shall...

  9. VEST: Abstract Vector Calculus Simplification in Mathematica

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    J. Squire, J. Burby and H. Qin

    2013-03-12

    We present a new package, VEST (Vector Einstein Summation Tools), that performs abstract vector calculus computations in Mathematica. Through the use of index notation, VEST is able to reduce scalar and vector expressions of a very general type using a systematic canonicalization procedure. In addition, utilizing properties of the Levi-Civita symbol, the program can derive types of multi-term vector identities that are not recognized by canonicalization, subsequently applying these to simplify large expressions. In a companion paper [1], we employ VEST in the automation of the calculation of Lagrangians for the single particle guiding center system in plasma physics, amore » computation which illustrates its ability to handle very large expressions. VEST has been designed to be simple and intuitive to use, both for basic checking of work and more involved computations. __________________________________________________« less

  10. VE at Scope Time (VEST): Three construction examples

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sperling, R.B.

    1991-04-01

    Value Engineering at Scope Time (VEST)'' was published in Value World, January-February-March 1991. That article describes VEST as a four-phase process utilizing the heart'' of VE methodology, which is designed to be used with members of construction design teams to help them focus on the scope of work by doing cost modeling, function analysis, brainstorming and evaluation of ideas. With minimal training designers, architects and engineers can become energized to find creative design solutions and learn an effective, synergistic team approach to facilities design projects using VEST. If time is available, the team can begin the development of some highermore » ranked ideas into preliminary proposals. This paper is an expansion of that article, adding a brief section on training and presenting three examples of VEST on construction projects at a federally-funded research Laboratory.« less

  11. VEST: Abstract vector calculus simplification in Mathematica

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Squire, J.; Burby, J.; Qin, H.

    2014-01-01

    We present a new package, VEST (Vector Einstein Summation Tools), that performs abstract vector calculus computations in Mathematica. Through the use of index notation, VEST is able to reduce three-dimensional scalar and vector expressions of a very general type to a well defined standard form. In addition, utilizing properties of the Levi-Civita symbol, the program can derive types of multi-term vector identities that are not recognized by reduction, subsequently applying these to simplify large expressions. In a companion paper Burby et al. (2013) [12], we employ VEST in the automation of the calculation of high-order Lagrangians for the single particle guiding center system in plasma physics, a computation which illustrates its ability to handle very large expressions. VEST has been designed to be simple and intuitive to use, both for basic checking of work and more involved computations.

  12. The impact of different cooling modalities on the physiological responses in firefighters during strenuous work performed in high environmental temperatures.

    PubMed

    Barr, David; Reilly, Thomas; Gregson, Warren

    2011-06-01

    This study investigated the impact of ice vests and hand/forearm immersion on accelerating the physiological recovery between two bouts of strenuous exercise in the heat [mean (SD), 49.1(1.3)°C, RH 12 (1)]. On four occasions, eight firefighters completed two 20-min bouts of treadmill walking (5 km h, 7.5% gradient) while wearing standard firefighter protective clothing. Each bout was separated by a 15-min recovery period, during which one of four conditions were administered: ice vest (VEST), hand/forearm immersion (W), ice vest combined with hand/forearm immersion (VEST + W) and control (CON). Core temperature was significantly lower at the end of the recovery period in the VEST + W (37.97 ± 0.23°C) and W (37.96 ± 0.19°C) compared with the VEST (38.21 ± 0.12°C) and CON (38.29 ± 0.25°C) conditions and remained consistently lower throughout the second bout of exercise. Heart rate responses during the recovery period and bout 2 were similar between the VEST + W and W conditions which were significantly lower compared with the VEST and CON which did not differ from each other. Mean skin temperature was significantly lower at the start of bout 2 in the cooling conditions compared with CON; these differences reduced as exercise progressed. These findings demonstrate that hand/forearm immersion (~19°C) is more effective than ice vests in reducing the physiological strain when firefighters re-enter structural fires after short rest periods. Combining ice vests with hand/forearm immersion provides no additional benefit.

  13. Running functional sport vest and short for e-textile applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baskan, H.; Acikgoz, H.; Atakan, R.; Eryuruk, H.; Akalın, N.; Kose, H.; Li, Y.; Kursun Bahadir, S.; Kalaoglu, F.

    2017-10-01

    Sports garments with functional properties have become crucial as well as comfort properties since they improve the wearer performance. For this reason, sport vest and short having high elastic recovery with fall detection sensor, were designed and produced by using flat-bed knitting machine. Comfort properties of short and vest were tested with several test instruments and; tensile strength of elastomeric yarn, air permeability, moisture management, drape and objective handle (FAST tests) of garments were achieved. It was proved that short and vest samples have good comfort properties as a functional sport garment. It was also tested that fall-detection sensor can work efficiently by using a mobile phone application.

  14. A Review of Research on the Use of Weighted Vests with Children on the Autism Spectrum

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morrison, Erin E.

    2007-01-01

    Occupational therapists working in the school system setting report using weighted vests as a technique to improve attention and sensory processing for students who have an autism spectrum disorder. Some critics, however, contend that this technique is used without evidence of effectiveness. This study examines the overall research available on…

  15. Effectiveness of ice-vest cooling in prolonging work tolerance time during heavy exercise in the heat for personnel wearing Canadian forces chemical defense ensembles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bain, B.

    Effectiveness of a portable, ice-pack cooling vest (Steelevest) in prolonging work tolerance time in chemical defense clothing in the heat (33 C dry bulb, 33% relative humidity or 25 C WBGT) was evaluated while subjects exercised at a metabolic rate of approx. 700 watts. Subjects were six male volunteers. The protocol consisted of a 20 minute treadmill walk at 1.33 m/s. and 7.5% grade, followed by 15 minutes of a lifting task, 5 minutes rest, then another 20 minutes of lifting task for a total of one hour. The lifting task consisted of lifting of 20 kg box, carrying itmore » 3 meters and setting it down. This was followed by a 6 m walk (3m back to the start point and 3 m back to the box) 15 sec after which the lifting cycle began again. The work was classified as heavy as previously defined. This protocol was repeated until the subjects were unable to continue or they reached a physiological endpoint. Time to voluntary cessation or physiological endpoint was called the work tolerance time. Physiological endpoints were rectal temperature of 39 C, heart rate exceeding 95% of maximum for two consecutive minutes or visible loss of motor control or nausea. The cooling vest had no effect on work tolerance time, rate of rise of rectal temperature or sweat loss. It was concluded that the Steelvest ice-vest is ineffective in prolonging work tolerance time and preventing increases in rectal temperature while wearing chemical protective clothing.« less

  16. Fluid Physics of Foam Evolution and Flow

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Aref, H.; Thoroddsen, S. T.; Sullivan, J. M.

    2003-01-01

    The grant supported theoretical, numerical and experimental work focused on the elucidation of the fluid physics of foam structure, evolution and flow. The experimental work concentrated on these subject areas: (a) Measurements of the speed of reconnections within a foam; (b) statistics of bubble rearrangements; and (c) three-dimensional reconstruction of the foam structure. On the numerical simulation and theory side our efforts concentrated on the subjects: (a) simulation techniques for 2D and 3D foams; (b) phase transition in a compressible foam; and (c) TCP structures.

  17. Comparison of heat strain recovery in different anti-heat stress clothing ensembles after work to exhaustion.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Yijie; Yi, Wen; Chan, Albert P C; Chan, Daniel W M

    2017-10-01

    A hot environment combined with physically demanding tasks can subject workers to a higher risk of heat stress. A series of regulations and guidelines have been proposed to design appropriate anti-heat stress work uniform to reduce body heat strain. The present study aimed to examine heat strain recovery in different anti-heat stress clothing ensembles after work to exhaustion in the heat. 10 healthy males performed intermittent treadmill running/walking to exhaustion, followed by 30min passive recovery sitting in a climatic chamber, which simulated the hot and humid outdoor environment (34°C temperature, 60% relative humidity, 0.3m/s air velocity, and 450W/m 2 solar radiation). The participants took part in five wear trials in counter-balanced order, including Sportswear, CIC Uniform, NEW Uniform, ICEBANK Cooling Vest, and NEW Cooling Vest, which have different levels of cooling capacity. Core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, sweat loss, ratings of perceived exertion, and thermal sensations were measured throughout the entire heat exposure period. Physiological heat strain indices, including the physiological strain index (PhSI) and the perceptual strain index (PeSI), were used as a yardstick to quantify and compare the rate of recovery. Significantly lower physiological strain was observed in the newly developed NEW Uniform and NEW Cooling Vest groups compared with the commonly worn CIC Uniform group during recovery. At the end of the recovery period, participants in NEW Cooling Vest achieved the highest recovery (42.18% in PhSI and 81.08% in PeSI), followed by ICEBANK Cooling Vest, Sportswear, NEW Uniform, and CIC Uniform. The cooling capacity of anti-heat stress clothing ensembles and the recovery time significantly affect the rate of recovery in PhSI and PeSI, which may benefit the industry by formulating the appropriate work-rest schedule by considering the clothing effect. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Instrumented sparring vest to aid in martial arts scoring.

    PubMed

    Harrigan, Katie; Logan, Rachel; Sluti, Anne; Rogge, Renee

    2006-01-01

    Competitors in certain martial arts, such as Taekwondo, are required to wear protective vests during competition. This article outlines the design and fabrication of an instrumented martial arts sparring vest that will aid in martial arts scoring, which is currently a work in progress. After fabrication, this instrumented vest and associated system will not only provide the same protection as before modification, but will also report the location and force magnitude of strikes applied to the vest. This will aid in scoring of martial arts competitions, as it will determine if a strike is forceful enough to be considered deliberate and therefore is a valid point-scoring strike. This will make scoring of competitions unbiased and equal for all competitors, something that is difficult to achieve based solely on a judge's assessment by observation. The system will also indicate the probable injury resulting from a strike, for example, no injury, bruising or bone fracture. If a competitor's strike force is excessive and serious injury could result, the system will indicate this so action can be taken, such as penalty or disqualification of a competitor. Both tissue testing and force testing will be conducted prior to vest fabrication to determine estimates of forces that will damage tissue and typical forces experienced during competition. After testing is complete, the system will be fabricated and the testing results will be implemented into the associated software.

  19. Thermophysiological responses caused by ballistic bullet-proof vests.

    PubMed

    Lehmacher, E J; Jansing, P; Küpper, T

    2007-01-01

    Little data is available concerning the heat stress experienced by members of staff who wear bullet-proof vests in a warm or hot environment. For this reason, knowledge is limited and, consequently, preventative advice on how to avoid heat sickness or hyperthermia is required. Skin and body temperatures, fluid loss and the heart rate of 30 persons (15 test persons versus 15 control persons) were measured in three situations typical of the test participants' job situations. Environmental data (wind velocity, air humidity, air temperature) were measured during the tests as well. Whereas there was a significant increase in skin temperatures, there was no difference in the core body temperatures of both groups. Maximum core body temperature remained well below 38 degrees C in all subjects. Test persons wearing vests showed a fluid loss of 1.1 l on average (non-vest wearers in the control group 1.0 l). There is no increased risk of heat stroke or hyperthermia for employees wearing bullet-proof vests in comparison with employees who do not wear them. Both groups, however, should be advised to ensure an adequate intake of fluid to maintain a healthy body fluid balance when working in hot environments.

  20. Liquid-cooled clothing for hot mine rescue work

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1979-04-01

    To prevent exhaustion caused by thermal stress, a rescuer can wear a liquid-cooled hood and vest which absorbs heat, thereby reducing the heat-induced strain on the rescuer's heart and circulatory system. Liquid coolant is continuously circulated through a self-contained system in which the coolant is chilled by a heat sink on the wearer's belt. Cooling duration is approximately 40 minutes when both the hood and vest are worn. Tests were conducted at NASA's Ames Research Center to evaluate the effectiveness of this system. When using the hood and vest with a refrigerated water supply, thermal strain on the wearer wasmore » cut in half and the heart rate was reduced by 30 to 50 beats per minute. Body temperature was significantly lowered, about 0.65/sup 0/C. This system can increase safety for rescue workers who must work in a hot environment, especially when they are not acclimated to high temperaures. Laboratory tests also were conducted using members of a mine rescue team.« less

  1. Cool Vest

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1982-01-01

    ILC, Dover Division's lightweight cooling garment, called Cool Vest was designed to eliminate the harmful effects of heat stress; increases tolerance time in hot environments by almost 300 percent. Made of urethane-coated nylon used in Apollo, it works to keep the body cool, circulating chilled water throughout the lining by means of a small battery-powered pump. A pocket houses the pump, battery and the coolant which can be ice or a frozen gel, a valve control allows temperature regulation. One version is self-contained and portable for unrestrained movement, another has an umbilical line attached to an external source of coolant, such as standard tap water, when extended mobility is not required. It is reported from customers that the Cool Vest pays for itself in increased productivity in very high temperatures.

  2. 46 CFR 26.30-5 - Use.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... work vests are considered to be items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be worn by crew members when working near or over the water under favorable working conditions. (b) When carried...

  3. AC and DC electrical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced epoxy syntactic foam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zegeye, Ephraim; Wicker, Scott; Woldesenbet, Eyassu

    2018-04-01

    Benefits of employing graphene nanopletlates (GNPLs) in composite structures include mechanical as well as multifunctional properties. Understanding the impedance behavior of GNPLs reinforced syntactic foams may open new applications for syntactic foam composites. In this work, GNPLs reinforced syntactic foams were fabricated and tested for DC and AC electrical properties. Four sets of syntactic foam samples containing 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 vol% of GNPLs were fabricated and tested. Significant increase in conductivity of syntactic foams due to the addition of GNPLs was noted. AC impedance measurements indicated that the GNPLs syntactic foams become frequency dependent as the volume fraction of GNPLs increases. With addition of GNPLs, the characteristic of the syntactic foams are also observed to transition from dominant capacitive to dominant resistive behavior. This work was carried out at Southern University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Baton Rouge, LA 70802, United States of America.

  4. VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-01-01

    VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real - Time Systems * John A. Stankovic Ruiqing Zhu Ram Poornalingam Chenyang Lu Zhendong Yu Marty Humphrey...Composition Tool for Real - Time Systems 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK...it is obvious that designers of embedded real - time systems face many difficult problems. By working through various product scenarios with avionics

  5. Foam as a Fire Suppressant: An Evaluation

    Treesearch

    Paul Schlobohm; Ron Rochna

    1987-01-01

    The ability of fire suppressant foams to improve ground-applied fire control efforts was evaluated. Foaming agents and foam-generating systems were examined. Performance evaluations were made for direct attack, indirect attack, and mop-up. Foam was determined to suppress and repel fire in situations where water did not. Cost comparisons of mop-up work showed straight...

  6. Development of drilling foams for geothermal applications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    McDonald, W.J.; Remont, L.J.; Rehm, W.A.

    The use of foam drilling fluids in geothermal applications is addressed. A description of foams - what they are, how they are used, their properties, equipment required to use them, the advantages and disadvantages of foams, etc. - is presented. Geothermal applications are discussed. Results of industry interviews presented indicate significant potential for foams, but also indicate significant technical problems to be solved to achieve this potential. Testing procedures and results of tests on representative foams provide a basis for work to develop high-temperature foams.

  7. Ventilated vest and tolerance for intermittent exercise in hot, dry conditions with military clothing.

    PubMed

    Barwood, Martin J; Newton, Phillip S; Tipton, Michael J

    2009-04-01

    Recent research has focused on developing air-ventilated garments to improve evaporative cooling in military settings. This study assessed a ventilated vest (Vest) in hot (45 degrees C), dry (10% RH) ambient conditions over 6 h of rest and exercise. It was hypothesized that the Vest would lower the thermal strain and increase the amount of exercise done by subjects. Eight healthy heat-acclimated men, wearing combat clothing, body armor, and a 19-kg load in webbing walked on a treadmill at 5 km h(-1) at a 2% incline until rectal temperature (T(rec)) reached 38.5 degrees C. They then rested until T(re) reached 38 degrees C, at which point they recommenced walking. On one occasion the subjects wore a Vest, blowing ambient air around the torso. On the second occasion subjects did not wear the vest (NoVest). Exercise/rest ratio, T(rec), skin temperature (T(sk)), sweat responses, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and thermal comfort (TC) were measured. Subjects wearing theVest exercised for significantly longer (18%; 11 min/h) as a percentage of total exposure time, stopped exercise significantly less often [Mean (SD); NoVest: 3 (2) stops; Vest: 1 (2) stops], and maintained significantly lower skin temperature under the body armor [T(chest): NoVest 37.55 (0.51) degrees C; Vest: 35.33 (1.00) degrees C; T(back): NoVest: 36.85 (0.83) degrees C; Vest: 35.84 (0.88) degrees C]. The Vest provided 28 W of cooling during exercise and 73 W when at rest as estimated by thermometry. A ventilated vest can provide cooling, and thereby reduce thermal strain and increase exercise done in dry environmental temperatures up to 45 degrees C, without causing skin irritation and discomfort.

  8. State-of-the-Art Review on the Characteristics of Surfactants and Foam from Foam Concrete Perspective

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sahu, Sritam Swapnadarshi; Gandhi, Indu Siva Ranjani; Khwairakpam, Selija

    2018-06-01

    Foam concrete finds application in many areas, generally as a function of its relatively lightweight and its beneficial properties in terms of reduction in dead load on structure, excellent thermal insulation and contribution to energy conservation. For production of foam concrete with desired properties, stable and good quality foam is the key requirement. It is to be noted that the selection of surfactant and foam production parameters play a vital role in the properties of foam which in turn affects the properties of foam concrete. However, the literature available on the influence of characteristics of foaming agent and foam on the properties of foam concrete are rather limited. Hence, a more systematic research is needed in this direction. The focus of this work is to provide a review on characteristics of surfactant (foaming agent) and foam for use in foam concrete production.

  9. State-of-the-Art Review on the Characteristics of Surfactants and Foam from Foam Concrete Perspective

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sahu, Sritam Swapnadarshi; Gandhi, Indu Siva Ranjani; Khwairakpam, Selija

    2018-02-01

    Foam concrete finds application in many areas, generally as a function of its relatively lightweight and its beneficial properties in terms of reduction in dead load on structure, excellent thermal insulation and contribution to energy conservation. For production of foam concrete with desired properties, stable and good quality foam is the key requirement. It is to be noted that the selection of surfactant and foam production parameters play a vital role in the properties of foam which in turn affects the properties of foam concrete. However, the literature available on the influence of characteristics of foaming agent and foam on the properties of foam concrete are rather limited. Hence, a more systematic research is needed in this direction. The focus of this work is to provide a review on characteristics of surfactant (foaming agent) and foam for use in foam concrete production.

  10. Injectable silk foams for the treatment of cervical insufficiency

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fournier, Eric P.

    Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality, resulting in over 4,000 deaths each year. A significant risk factor for preterm birth is cervical insufficiency, the weakening and subsequent deformation of cervical tissue. Cervical insufficiency is both detectable and treatable but current treatments are lacking. The most common approach requires multiple invasive procedures. This work investigates the injection of silk foams, a minimally-invasive method for supporting cervical tissue. Silk offers many advantages for use as a biomaterial including strength, versatility, and biocompatibility. Injectable silk foams will minimize patient discomfort while also providing more targeted and personalized treatment. A battery of mechanical testing was undertaken to determine silk foam response under physiologically relevant loading and environmental conditions. Mechanical testing was paired with analysis of foam morphology and structure that illustrated the effects of injection on pore geometry and size. Biological response to silk foams was evaluated using an in vitro degradation study and subcutaneous in vivo implantation in a mouse model. Results showed that foams exceeded the mechanical requirements for stiffening cervical tissue, although the current injection process limits foam size. Injection was shown to cause measurable but localized foam deformation. This work indicates that silk foams are a feasible treatment option for cervical insufficiency but challenges remain with foam delivery.

  11. Polyimide Foams Offer Superior Insulation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2012-01-01

    At Langley Research Center, Erik Weiser and his colleagues in the Advanced Materials and Processing Branch were working with a new substance for fabricating composites for use in supersonic aircraft. The team, however, was experiencing some frustration. Every time they tried to create a solid composite from the polyimide (an advanced polymer) material, it bubbled and foamed. It seemed like the team had reached a dead end in their research - until they had another idea. "We said, This isn t going to work for composites, but maybe we could make a foam out of it," Weiser says. "That was kind of our eureka moment, to see if we could go in a whole other direction. And it worked." Weiser and his colleagues invented a new kind of polyimide foam insulation they named TEEK. The innovation displayed a host of advantages over existing insulation options. Compared to other commercial foams, Weiser explains, polyimide foams perform well across a broad range of temperatures, noting that the NASA TEEK foams provide effective structural insulation up to 600 F and down to cryogenic temperatures. The foam does not burn or off-gas toxic fumes, and even at -423 F - the temperature of liquid hydrogen - the material stays flexible. The inventors could produce the TEEK foam at a range of densities, from 0.5 pounds per cubic foot up to 20 pounds per cubic foot, making the foam ideal for a range of applications, including as insulation for reusable launch vehicles and for cryogenic tanks and lines. They also developed a unique, friable balloon format for manufacturing the foam, producing it as hollow microspheres that allowed the foam to be molded and then cured into any desired shape - perfect for insulating pipes of different sizes and configurations. The team s originally unplanned invention won an "R&D 100" award, and a later form of the foam, called LaRC FPF-44 (Spinoff 2009), was named "NASA Invention of the Year" in 2007.

  12. Performance evaluation of Iranian cooling vest on the physiological indices in hot climatic chamber

    PubMed Central

    Dehghan, Habibollah; Gharehbaei, Somayeh; Mahaki, Behzad

    2016-01-01

    Background: Heat stress is a threat to those who work in high temperatures. The purpose in this study was an examination of the cooling ability of Iranian phase change material (PCM) cold vest in hot and dry conditions in a climatic chamber. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was implemented on 12 male students (age 23.7 ± 2.8 years, weight 66.1 ± 11.4 kg, and VO2 max 2.53 L/min) in 2013. The heat strain score index (HSSI), skin temperature and oral temperature, and heartbeat in two phases with and without cooling vest was measured during 30 min in a climatic chamber (temperature 38.8 ± 1.3°C humidity ratio 32.9 ± 2.3%) and in two activity intensity of 2.4 and 4.8 km/h speed on the treadmill, and the data differences between groups “with” and “without” vest were tested by t-test and repeated measurement. The level of significance was considered as 0.05. Results: The change in heartbeat at two activities, the oral temperature and heat strain score at 4.8 km/h, did not differ significantly between groups (with and without vest), as expected (P > 0.05). However, the change in skin temperature at two activities, oral temperature and heat strain score at 2.4 km/h, was significant between groups, as expected (P < 0.05). The average of skin temperature at 15th and 30th min during the experiment at two activities of 2.4 and 4.8 km/h was significant. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that using the Iranian PCM cold vest in hot and dry climate can affect the reduction of skin temperature, oral temperature, and HSSI in light activities. PMID:27500168

  13. Performance evaluation of Iranian cooling vest on the physiological indices in hot climatic chamber.

    PubMed

    Dehghan, Habibollah; Gharehbaei, Somayeh; Mahaki, Behzad

    2016-01-01

    Heat stress is a threat to those who work in high temperatures. The purpose in this study was an examination of the cooling ability of Iranian phase change material (PCM) cold vest in hot and dry conditions in a climatic chamber. This experimental study was implemented on 12 male students (age 23.7 ± 2.8 years, weight 66.1 ± 11.4 kg, and VO2 max 2.53 L/min) in 2013. The heat strain score index (HSSI), skin temperature and oral temperature, and heartbeat in two phases with and without cooling vest was measured during 30 min in a climatic chamber (temperature 38.8 ± 1.3°C humidity ratio 32.9 ± 2.3%) and in two activity intensity of 2.4 and 4.8 km/h speed on the treadmill, and the data differences between groups "with" and "without" vest were tested by t-test and repeated measurement. The level of significance was considered as 0.05. The change in heartbeat at two activities, the oral temperature and heat strain score at 4.8 km/h, did not differ significantly between groups (with and without vest), as expected (P > 0.05). However, the change in skin temperature at two activities, oral temperature and heat strain score at 2.4 km/h, was significant between groups, as expected (P < 0.05). The average of skin temperature at 15(th) and 30(th) min during the experiment at two activities of 2.4 and 4.8 km/h was significant. The findings of the study indicated that using the Iranian PCM cold vest in hot and dry climate can affect the reduction of skin temperature, oral temperature, and HSSI in light activities.

  14. Halo vest instrumentation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huston, Dryver R.; Krag, Martin

    1996-05-01

    The halo vest is a head and neck immobilization system that is often used on patients that are recovering from cervical trauma or surgery. The halo vest system consists of a rigid halo that is firmly attached to the skull, an upright support structure for stabilization and immobilization, and a torso-enveloping vest. The main purpose of this study was to measure the forces that are carried by the halo-vest structure as the subject undergoes various activities of daily living and external loading for different vest designs. A tethered strain gage load cell based instrumentation system was used to take these load measurements on ten different subjects. Three different halo-vest systems were evaluated. The primary difference between the vests was the amount of torso coverage and the use of shoulder straps. The loads were measured, analyzed and used to compare the vests and to create a model of halo-vest-neck mechanics. Future applications of this technology to standalone data logging, pin-load measuring and biofeedback applications are discussed.

  15. The effects of a weighted vest on aggressive and self-injurious behavior in a child with autism.

    PubMed

    Davis, Tonya N; Dacus, Sharon; Strickland, Erica; Copeland, Daelynn; Chan, Jeffrey Michael; Blenden, Kara; Scalzo, Rachel; Osborn, Staci; Wells, Kellsye; Christian, Krisann

    2013-06-01

    Analyse the effects of a weighted vest on the aggressive and self-injurious behavior of a young boy with autism. The effects of the weighted vest were examined during a functional analysis utilizing an ABAB design with an embedded multielement design, in which the participant wore a five pound weighted vest or no vest. The results do not suggest the existence of a functional relationship between the use of a weighted vest and challenging behavior, as the weighted vest had no marked effect on levels of aggression and self-injurious behavior. Weighted vests are a commonly implemented form of sensory integration therapy, frequently used as a treatment for disruptive behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder [Stephenson J, Carter M. The use of weighted vests with children with autism spectrum disorders and other disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities 2009;39:105-114]. However, the current findings support previous literature which states that the use of weighted vests does not appear to decrease challenging behavior.

  16. Investigation and Development of Air Foam Cushioning

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-06-01

    n.c..#arr and lafenrffr or »lock numb«) CUSHIONING MATERIALS PACKAGING MATERIILS POLYURETHANE FOAM CUSHIONING SOLUTIONS ( AQUEOUS ) POLYMERS FOAMING ...Mixer. This froth foam could be produced by pour-in-place method or could be made into pre- formed and cut ribbon DD, ET» M73 EDITION OF I NOV SI IS...hours« The foam did not recover after the weight was removed« Work on the foaming of polyvinyl alcohol solution with an Oakes Mixer produced a spongy

  17. Two approaches for introduction of wheat straw lignin into rigid polyurethane foams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arshanitsa, A.; Paberza, A.; Vevere, L.; Cabulis, U.; Telysheva, G.

    2014-05-01

    In present work the BIOLIGNIN{trade mark, serif} obtained in the result of wheat straw organosolv processing in CIMV pilot plant (France) was investigated as a component of rigid polyurethanes (PUR) foam systems. Different separate approaches of lignin introduction into PUR foam system were studied: as filler without chemical preprocessing and as liquid lignopolyol obtained by lignin oxypropylation in alkali conditions. The incorporation of increasing amount of lignin as filler into reference PUR foam systems on the basis of mixture of commercial polyethers Lupranol 3300 and Lupranol 3422 steadily decreased the compression characteristics of foams, their dimensional stability and hydrophobicity. The complete substitution of Lupranol 3300 by lignopolyol increases its cell structure uniformity and dimensional stability and does not reduce the physical-mechanical properties of foam. In both cases the incorporation of lignin into PUR foam leads to the decreasing of maximum values of thermodegradation rates. The lignin filler can be introduced into lignopolyol based PUR foam in higher quantity than in the reference Lupranol based PUR without reduction of compression characteristics of material. In this work the optimal lignin content in the end product - PUR foam as both polyol and filler is 16%.

  18. 46 CFR 109.334 - Working over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Working over water. 109.334 Section 109.334 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.334 Working over water. The master or person in charge shall insure that each person working over the water is wearing a life preserver or a buoyant work vest. ...

  19. 46 CFR 109.334 - Working over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Working over water. 109.334 Section 109.334 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.334 Working over water. The master or person in charge shall insure that each person working over the water is wearing a life preserver or a buoyant work vest. ...

  20. 46 CFR 109.334 - Working over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Working over water. 109.334 Section 109.334 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.334 Working over water. The master or person in charge shall insure that each person working over the water is wearing a life preserver or a buoyant work vest. ...

  1. 46 CFR 109.334 - Working over water.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Working over water. 109.334 Section 109.334 Shipping... Operation and Stowage of Safety Equipment § 109.334 Working over water. The master or person in charge shall insure that each person working over the water is wearing a life preserver or a buoyant work vest. ...

  2. Prospective of employing high porosity open-cell metal foams in passive cryogenic radiators for space applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tisha, Dixit; Indranil, Ghosh

    2017-02-01

    Passive cryogenic radiators work on the principle of dissipating heat to the outer space purely by radiation. High porosity open-cell metal foams are a relatively new class of extended surfaces. These possess the advantages of high surface area density and low weight, characteristics which the space industry looks for. In case of radiative heat transfer, the porous nature of metal foams permits a deeper penetration of the incident radiation. Consequently, the heat transfer area participating in radiative heat exchange increases thereby enhancing the heat transfer rate. However, effective heat conduction in between the foam struts reduces as a result of the void spaces. These two conflicting phenomenon for radiation heat transfer in metal foams have been studied in this work. Similar to the foam conduction-convection heat transfer analysis, a conduction-radiation heat transfer model has been developed for metal foams in analogy with the conventional solid fin theory. Metal foams have been theoretically represented as simple cubic structures. A comparison of the radiative heat transfer through metal foams and solid fins attached to a surface having constant temperature has been presented. Effect of changes in foam characteristic properties such as porosity and pore density have also been studied.

  3. ZrP nanoplates based fire-fighting foams stabilizer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Lecheng; Cheng, Zhengdong; Li, Hai

    2015-03-01

    Firefighting foam, as a significant innovation in fire protection, greatly facilitates extinguishments for liquid pool fire. Recently, with developments in LNG industry, high-expansion firefighting foams are also used for extinguishing LNG fire or mitigating LNG leakage. Foam stabilizer, an ingredient in fire-fighting foam, stabilizes foam bubbles and maintains desired foam volume. Conventional foam stabilizers are organic molecules. In this work, we developed a inorganic based ZrP (Zr(HPO4)2 .H2O, Zirconium phosphate) plates functionalized as firefighting foam stabilizer, improving firefighting foam performance under harsh conditions. Several tests were conducted to illustrate performance. The mechanism for the foam stabilization is also proposed. Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122

  4. Predicting watershed sediment yields after wildland fire with the InVEST sediment retention model at large geographic extent in the western USA: accuracy and uncertainties

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sankey, J. B.; Kreitler, J.; McVay, J.; Hawbaker, T. J.; Vaillant, N.; Lowe, S. E.

    2014-12-01

    Wildland fire is a primary threat to watersheds that can impact water supply through increased sedimentation, water quality decline, and change the timing and amount of runoff leading to increased risk from flood and sediment natural hazards. It is of great societal importance in the western USA and throughout the world to improve understanding of how changing fire frequency, extent, and location, in conjunction with fuel treatments will affect watersheds and the ecosystem services they supply to communities. In this work we assess the utility of the InVEST Sediment Retention Model to accurately characterize vulnerability of burned watersheds to erosion and sedimentation. The InVEST tools are GIS-based implementations of common process models, engineered for high-end computing to allow the faster simulation of larger landscapes and incorporation into decision-making. The InVEST Sediment Retention Model is based on common soil erosion models (e.g., RUSLE -Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) and determines which areas of the landscape contribute the greatest sediment loads to a hydrological network and conversely evaluate the ecosystem service of sediment retention on a watershed basis. We evaluate the accuracy and uncertainties for InVEST predictions of increased sedimentation after fire, using measured post-fire sedimentation rates available for many watersheds in different rainfall regimes throughout the western USA from an existing, large USGS database of post-fire sediment yield [synthesized in Moody J, Martin D (2009) Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18: 96-115]. The ultimate goal of this work is to calibrate and implement the model to accurately predict variability in post-fire sediment yield as a function of future landscape heterogeneity predicted by wildfire simulations, and future landscape fuel treatment scenarios, within watersheds.

  5. PUFoam : A novel open-source CFD solver for the simulation of polyurethane foams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karimi, M.; Droghetti, H.; Marchisio, D. L.

    2017-08-01

    In this work a transient three-dimensional mathematical model is formulated and validated for the simulation of polyurethane (PU) foams. The model is based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and is coupled with a population balance equation (PBE) to describe the evolution of the gas bubbles/cells within the PU foam. The front face of the expanding foam is monitored on the basis of the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method using a compressible solver available in OpenFOAM version 3.0.1. The solver is additionally supplemented to include the PBE, solved with the quadrature method of moments (QMOM), the polymerization kinetics, an adequate rheological model and a simple model for the foam thermal conductivity. The new solver is labelled as PUFoam and is, for the first time in this work, validated for 12 different mixing-cup experiments. Comparison of the time evolution of the predicted and experimentally measured density and temperature of the PU foam shows the potentials and limitations of the approach.

  6. The effect of halo-vest length on stability of the cervical spine. A study in normal subjects.

    PubMed

    Wang, G J; Moskal, J T; Albert, T; Pritts, C; Schuch, C M; Stamp, W G

    1988-03-01

    In order to study how the efficiency of the halo vest is affected by different lengths of the vest, an experimental headband was devised that allowed the head of a normal person to be held securely in the halo attachment. The vest was then modified to allow it to be adjusted to three different lengths (Fig. 2): a full vest extended to the iliac crests, a short vest extended to the twelfth ribs, and a half vest extended to the level of the nipples. Twenty normal, healthy adult men participated in the study. For each vest length, radiographs were made of each subject demonstrating rotation, flexion-extension, and lateral bending of the cervical spine. There was no rotation of the cervical spine, regardless of the length of the vest. There was a variable degree of motion in flexion or extension of the upper part of the cervical spine with all vest lengths, but this was not statistically significant. There was definite increase of motion caudad to the level of the fifth cervical vertebra regardless of the length of the vest. We concluded that a lesion of the upper part of the cervical spine can be treated effectively by halo traction with a half vest. This will improve the comfort and care of the patient and avoid the necessity of removing the vest if emergency cardiovascular resuscitation is needed. In the treatment of lesions of the lower part of the cervical spine (caudad to the level of the fourth cervical vertebra), the use of a halo vest that extends caudad to the level of the twelfth ribs does provide additional stability.

  7. Neck motion due to the halo-vest in prone and supine positions.

    PubMed

    Ivancic, Paul C; Telles, Connor J

    2010-05-01

    An in vitro biomechanical study of the effectiveness of halo-vest fixation. The objective was to evaluate motion of the injured cervical spine with normal halo-vest application and vest loose in the prone and supine positions. Snaking motion of the neck is defined as rotation in opposing directions throughout the cervical spine. Previous clinical studies have suggested snaking neck motion due to the halo-vest may lead to inadequate healing or nonunion. The halo-vest was applied to a Human Model of the Neck, which consisted of a cervical spine specimen mounted to the torso of an anthropometric test dummy and carrying a surrogate head. The model was transitioned from prone, to upright, to supine with the halo-vest applied normally and with the vest loose. Average peak spinal motions were computed in the prone and supine positions and contrasted with the physiologic rotation range, obtained from the intact flexibility test, and statistically compared (P < 0.05) between normal halo-vest application and vest loose. Snaking motion of the neck was observed in the prone and supine positions, consisting of extension at head/C1 and C1/2 and flexion at the inferior spinal levels. The intervertebral rotation peaks generally exceeded the physiologic range throughout the cervical spine due to the loose vest in the prone position. Significant increases in the extension peaks at head/C1 (16.9 degrees vs. 5.7 degrees) and flexion peaks at C4/5 (6.9 degrees vs. 3.6 degrees) and C7-T1 (5.2 degrees vs. 0.7 degrees) were observed in the prone position due to the loose vest, as compared to normal halo-vest application. Axial neck separation was consistently observed in the prone and supine positions. The present results, which document snaking motion of the cervical spine due to the halo-vest, indicate that an inadequately fitting or loose vest may significantly diminish its immobilization capacity leading to delayed healing or nonunion.

  8. Influence of carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties and structure of rigid polyurethane foam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ciecierska, E.; Jurczyk-Kowalska, M.; Bazarnik, P.; Kulesza, M.; Lewandowska, M.; Kowalski, M.; Krauze, S.

    2014-08-01

    In this work, the influence of carbon nanotubes addition on foam structure and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam/nanotube composites was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to reveal the foam porous structure and distribution of carbon nanotubes. To determine the mechanical properties, three point bending tests were carried out.

  9. Convective Instabilities in Liquid Foams

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Veretennikov, Igor; Glazier, James A.

    2004-01-01

    The main goal of this work is to better understand foam behavior both on the Earth and in microgravity conditions and to determine the relation between a foam's structure and wetness and its rheological properties. Our experiments focused on the effects of the bubble size distribution (BSD) on the foam behavior under gradual or stepwise in the liquid flow rate and on the onset of the convective instability. We were able to show experimentally, that the BSD affects foam rheology very strongly so any theory must take foam texture into account.

  10. Structural Continuum Modeling of Space Shuttle External Tank Foam Insulation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Steeve, Brian; Ayala, Sam; Purlee, T. Eric; Shaw, Phillip

    2006-01-01

    This document is a viewgraph presentation reporting on work in modeling the foam insulation of the Space Shuttle External Tank. An analytical understanding of foam mechanics is required to design against structural failure. The Space Shuttle External Tank is covered primarily with closed cell foam to: Prevent ice, Protect structure from ascent aerodynamic and engine plume heating, and Delay break-up during re-entry. It is important that the foam does not shed unacceptable debris during ascent environment. Therefore a modeling of the foam insulation was undertaken.

  11. Fascinating Foam - Diverse Applications, Unexpected Properties, and Characterization Challenges (PD2P Talk)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kropka, Jamie M.

    2009-09-24

    Foam pervades our everyday lives: we use it to bathe and shave, it floats atop our beer, cappuccino and pie, and it can even infect our bodies in the form of viruses. Although we are able to manipulate foam in these and many other common practices, there is still much we do not know about this fascinatingly complex material. In this talk, some of the intriguing aspects of foam, which could not be predicted based on its constituent components, will be discussed. Some challenging aspects of foam characterization, which have impeded the development of a thorough understanding of the materialmore » despite over a century of investigations, will also be presented. Despite these challenges, there are some known aspects of foams and these will be outlined along with how today's modern tools are being utilized to tell us more about foam structure and dynamics. A brief introduction to Sandia's interest in foams will then be given, and some of the current research we are conducting to further those interests will be discussed. This work is focused on the preparation of 'model' organic foams for use in developing an understanding of how to tune their stability and rheological response. Finally, physical and chemical methods to stabilize the foam will be described and possible new directions for the work will be presented.« less

  12. Experimental Investigations of Space Shuttle BX-265 Foam

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lerch, Bradley A.; Sullivan, Roy M.

    2009-01-01

    This report presents a variety of experimental studies on the polyurethane foam, BX-265. This foam is used as a close-out foam insulation on the space shuttle external tank. The purpose of this work is to provide a better understanding of the foam s behavior and to support advanced modeling efforts. The following experiments were performed: Thermal expansion was measured for various heating rates. The in situ expansion of foam cells was documented by heating the foam in a scanning electron microscope. Expansion mechanisms are described. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed at various heating rates and for various environments. The glass transition temperature was also measured. The effects of moisture on the foam were studied. Time-dependent effects were measured to give preliminary data on viscoelastoplastic properties.

  13. Analysis of the possibilities of using dielectric foam in the construction of composite high voltage post-insulators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mączka, T.; Paściak, G.; Jarski, A.; Piątek, M.

    2016-02-01

    This paper presents the construction and basic performance parameters of the innovative tubular construction of high voltage composite insulator filled with the lightweight foamed electroinsulating material. The possibility of using of the commercially available expanding foams for preparing the lightweight foamed dielectric materials was analysed. The expanding foams of silicone RTV and compositions based on epoxy resin and LSR silicone were taken into account. The lightweight foamed dielectric materials were prepared according to the own foaming technology. In this work the experimental results on the use of the selected foams for the preparing of the lightweight filling materials to the tubular structure of composite insulator of 110 kV are presented.

  14. Effect of halo-vest components on stabilizing the injured cervical spine.

    PubMed

    Ivancic, Paul C; Beauchman, Naseem N; Tweardy, Lisa

    2009-01-15

    An in vitro biomechanical study. The objectives were to develop a new biofidelic skull-neck-thorax model capable of quantifying motion patterns of the cervical spine in the presence of a halo-vest; to investigate the effects of vest loosening, superstructure loosening, and removal of the posterior uprights; and to evaluate the ability of the halo-vest to stabilize the neck within physiological motion limits. Previous clinical and biomechanical studies have investigated neck motion with the halo-vest only in the sagittal plane or only at the injured spinal level. No previous studies have quantified three-dimensional intervertebral motion patterns throughout the injured cervical spine stabilized with the halo-vest or studied the effect of halo-vest components on these motions. The halo-vest was applied to the skull-neck-thorax model. Six osteoligamentous whole cervical spine specimens (occiput through T1 vertebra) were used that had sustained multiplanar ligamentous injuries at C3/4 through C7-T1 during a previous protocol. Flexibility tests were performed with normal halo-vest application, loose vest, loose superstructure, and following removal of the posterior uprights. Average total range of motion for each experimental condition was statistically compared (P < 0.05) with the physiologic rotation limit for each spinal level. Cervical spine snaking was observed in both the sagittal and frontal planes. The halo-vest, applied normally, generally limited average spinal motions to within average physiological limits. No significant increases in average spinal motions above physiologic were observed due to loose vest, loose superstructure, or removal of the posterior uprights. However, a trend toward increased motion at C6/7 in lateral bending was observed due to loose superstructure. The halo-vest, applied normally, effectively immobilized the cervical spine. Sagittal or frontal plane snaking of the cervical spine due to the halo-vest may reduce its immobilization capability at the upper cervical spine and cervicothoracic junction.

  15. How to Study Thermal Applications of Open-Cell Metal Foam: Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics

    PubMed Central

    De Schampheleire, Sven; De Jaeger, Peter; De Kerpel, Kathleen; Ameel, Bernd; Huisseune, Henk; De Paepe, Michel

    2016-01-01

    This paper reviews the available methods to study thermal applications with open-cell metal foam. Both experimental and numerical work are discussed. For experimental research, the focus of this review is on the repeatability of the results. This is a major concern, as most studies only report the dependence of thermal properties on porosity and a number of pores per linear inch (PPI-value). A different approach, which is studied in this paper, is to characterize the foam using micro tomography scans with small voxel sizes. The results of these scans are compared to correlations from the open literature. Large differences are observed. For the numerical work, the focus is on studies using computational fluid dynamics. A novel way of determining the closure terms is proposed in this work. This is done through a numerical foam model based on micro tomography scan data. With this foam model, the closure terms are determined numerically. PMID:28787894

  16. Novel thick-foam ferroelectret with engineered voids for energy harvesting applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Luo, Z.; Shi, J.; Beeby, S. P.

    2016-11-01

    This work reports a novel thick-foam ferroelectret which is designed and engineered for energy harvesting applications. We fabricated this ferroelectret foam by mixing a chemical blowing agent with a polymer solution, then used heat treatment to activate the agent and create voids in the polymer foam. The dimensions of the foam, the density and size of voids can be well controlled in the fabrication process. Therefore, this ferroelectret can be engineered into optimized structure for energy harvesting applications.

  17. The Effectiveness of the Snug Vest on Stereotypic Behaviors in Children Diagnosed With an Autism Spectrum Disorder.

    PubMed

    Watkins, Nicholas; Sparling, Elizabeth

    2014-05-01

    Various reviews of the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) have concluded that such interventions fail to reduce stereotypy. However, a new, and as yet untested, SIT iteration, an inflatable wearable vest known as the Snug Vest purports to decrease such repetitive behavior. In the current study, three children who emitted different forms of stereotypy participated in an alternating treatments design in which each participant wore a fully inflated vest and either a fully deflated vest or no vest. The results of the study show that the Snug Vest failed to reduce any participants' stereotypy. We highlight our findings in the context of professional practice and discuss several potential limitations. © The Author(s) 2014.

  18. Thermal conductivity of rigid foam insulations for aerospace vehicles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barrios, M.; Van Sciver, S. W.

    2013-05-01

    The present work describes measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of NCFI 24-124 foam, a spray-on foam insulation used formerly on the Space Shuttle external fuel tank. A novel apparatus to measure the effective thermal conductivity of rigid foam at temperatures ranging from 20 K to 300 K was developed and used to study three samples of NCFI 24-124 foam insulation. In preparation for measurement, the foam samples were either treated with a uniquely designed moisture absorption apparatus or different residual gases to study their impact on the effective thermal conductivity of the foam. The resulting data are compared to other measurements and mathematical models reported in the literature.

  19. Wearing an Inflatable Vest Alters Muscle Activation and Trunk Angle While Paddling a Surfboard.

    PubMed

    Nessler, Jeff A; Hastings, Thomas; Greer, Kevin; Newcomer, Sean C

    2017-08-01

    Low back pain is a commonly reported problem among recreational surfers. Some individuals report that wearing a vest with an inflatable bladder that alters trunk angle may help to alleviate pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such a vest has an effect on muscle activation and extension of the lower back. Twelve recreational surfers completed 12 paddling trials at 1.1 m/s in a swim flume on both a shortboard and a longboard on 2 separate days. Three conditions of no vest, vest uninflated, and vest inflated were presented to participants in random order. Surface EMG and trunk angle were acquired via wireless sensors placed over the right erector spinae, mid-trapezius, upper trapezius, and latissimus dorsi. Wearing the inflated vest affected muscle activation: erector spinae and mid-trapezius demonstrated a significant decrease in activation relative to wearing no vest (12% and 18% respectively, p < .05). Trunk extension was also significantly reduced when the vest was inflated (18% reduction, p < .05). Results were similar for both the short and longboard, though this effect was greater while paddling the larger board. These results suggest that a properly inflated vest can alter trunk extension and muscle activity while paddling a surfboard in water.

  20. Foam relaxation in fractures and narrow channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lai, Ching-Yao; Rallabandi, Bhargav; Perazzo, Antonio; Stone, Howard A.

    2017-11-01

    Various applications, from foam manufacturing to hydraulic fracturing with foams, involve pressure-driven flow of foams in narrow channels. We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of this problem accounting for the compressible nature of the foam. In particular, in our experiments the foam is initially compressed in one channel and then upon flow into a second channel the compressed foam relaxes as it moves. A plug flow is observed in the tube and the pressure at the entrance of the tube is higher than the exit. We measure the volume collected at the exit of the tube, V, as a function of injection flow rate, tube length and diameter. Two scaling behaviors for V as a function of time are observed depending on whether foam compression is important or not. Our work may relate to foam fracturing, which saves water usage in hydraulic fracturing, more efficient enhanced oil recovery via foam injection, and various materials manufacturing processes involving pressure-driven flow foams.

  1. Predicting watershed post-fire sediment yield with the InVEST sediment retention model: Accuracy and uncertainties

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sankey, Joel B.; McVay, Jason C.; Kreitler, Jason R.; Hawbaker, Todd J.; Vaillant, Nicole; Lowe, Scott

    2015-01-01

    Increased sedimentation following wildland fire can negatively impact water supply and water quality. Understanding how changing fire frequency, extent, and location will affect watersheds and the ecosystem services they supply to communities is of great societal importance in the western USA and throughout the world. In this work we assess the utility of the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) Sediment Retention Model to accurately characterize erosion and sedimentation of burned watersheds. InVEST was developed by the Natural Capital Project at Stanford University (Tallis et al., 2014) and is a suite of GIS-based implementations of common process models, engineered for high-end computing to allow the faster simulation of larger landscapes and incorporation into decision-making. The InVEST Sediment Retention Model is based on common soil erosion models (e.g., USLE – Universal Soil Loss Equation) and determines which areas of the landscape contribute the greatest sediment loads to a hydrological network and conversely evaluate the ecosystem service of sediment retention on a watershed basis. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy and uncertainties for InVEST predictions of increased sedimentation after fire, using measured postfire sediment yields available for many watersheds throughout the western USA from an existing, published large database. We show that the model can be parameterized in a relatively simple fashion to predict post-fire sediment yield with accuracy. Our ultimate goal is to use the model to accurately predict variability in post-fire sediment yield at a watershed scale as a function of future wildfire conditions.

  2. Role of foam drainage in producing protein aggregates in foam fractionation.

    PubMed

    Li, Rui; Zhang, Yuran; Chang, Yunkang; Wu, Zhaoliang; Wang, Yanji; Chen, Xiang'e; Wang, Tao

    2017-10-01

    It is essential to obtain a clear understanding of the foam-induced protein aggregation to reduce the loss of protein functionality in foam fractionation. The major effort of this work is to explore the roles of foam drainage in protein aggregation in the entire process of foam fractionation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. The results show that enhancing foam drainage increased the desorption of BSA molecules from the gas-liquid interface and the local concentration of desorbed molecules in foam. Therefore, it intensified the aggregation of BSA in foam fractionation. Simultaneously, it also accelerated the flow of BSA aggregates from rising foam into the residual solution along with the drained liquid. Because enhancing foam drainage increased the relative content of BSA molecules adsorbed at the gas-liquid interface, it also intensified the aggregation of BSA during both the defoaming process and the storage of the foamate. Furthermore, enhancing foam drainage more readily resulted in the formation of insoluble BSA aggregates. The results are highly important for a better understanding of foam-induced protein aggregation in foam fractionation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Ice cooling vest on tolerance for exercise under uncompensable heat stress.

    PubMed

    Kenny, Glen P; Schissler, Andrew R; Stapleton, Jill; Piamonte, Matthew; Binder, Konrad; Lynn, Aaron; Lan, Christopher Q; Hardcastle, Stephen G

    2011-08-01

    This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial, personal ice cooling vest on tolerance for exercise in hot (35°C), wet (65% relative humidity) conditions with a nuclear biological chemical suit (NBC). On three separate occasions, 10 male volunteers walked on a treadmill at 3 miles per hour and 2% incline while (a) seminude (denoted CON), (b) dressed with a nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) suit with an ice vest (V) worn under the suit (denoted NBCwV); or (c) dressed with an NBC suit but without an ice vest (V) (denoted NBCwoV). Participants exercised for 120 min or until volitional fatigue, or esophageal temperature reached 39.5°C. Esophageal temperature (T(es)), heart rate (HR), thermal sensation, and ratings of perceived exertion were measured. Exercise time was significantly greater in CON compared with both NBCwoV and NBCwV (p < 0.05), whereas T(es), thermal sensation, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion were lower (p < 0.05). Wearing the ice vest increased exercise time (NBCwoV, 103.6 ± 7.0 min; NBCwV, 115.9 ± 4.1 min) and reduced the level of thermal strain, as evidenced by a lower T(es) at end-exercise (NBCwoV, 39.03 ± 0.13°C; NBCwV, 38.74 ± 0.13°C) and reduced thermal sensation (NBCwoV, 6.4 ± 0.4; NBCwV, 4.8 ± 0.6). This was paralleled by a decrease in rate of perceived exertion (NBCwoV, 14.7 ± 1.6; NBCwV, 12.4 ± 1.6) (p < 0.05) and heat rate (NBCwoV, 169 ± 6; NBCwV, 159 ± 7) (p < 0.05). We show that a commercially available cooling vest can significantly reduce the level of thermal strain during work performed in hot environments.

  4. 28 CFR 33.100 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests under the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998— (a) The term program will refer to the activities administered by BJA to implement the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998; (b...

  5. 28 CFR 33.100 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests under the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998— (a) The term program will refer to the activities administered by BJA to implement the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998; (b...

  6. 28 CFR 33.100 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests under the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998— (a) The term program will refer to the activities administered by BJA to implement the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998; (b...

  7. 28 CFR 33.100 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests under the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998— (a) The term program will refer to the activities administered by BJA to implement the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998; (b...

  8. Rheology of Foam Near the Order-Disorder Transition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Holt, R. Glynn; McDaniel, J. Gregory

    2001-01-01

    The first part of our research results are summarized in the recent journal publication: J. Gregory McDaniel and R. Glynn Holt, 'Measurement of aqueous foam rheology by acoustic levitation', Phys. Rev. E 61, 2204 (2000). This aspect of the work was a combination of experiment and analysis. We built a levitation system capable of acoustically levitating small samples of aqueous foam of arbitrary gas and liquid volume fractions. We then modulated the acoustic field to induce normal mode oscillations of the foam samples. The observables from the experiment were frequency and mode number. For dry (roughly > 70% gas by volume) foams and small deformations, we developed an effective medium, normal-modes analysis which took the frequency and mode number from experiment, and gave us the shear elastic modulus of the foam as a function of Poisson's ratio. The second part of our results may be found in a soon-to-be submitted manuscript 'Dynamics of aqueous foam drops', I.Sh. Akhatov, J.G. McDaniel and R.G. Holt, describing our modeling in the wet foam limit by considering the acoustic problem. This aspect of the research is purely theoretical. Beginning from a mass-conserving mixture law, the fully nonlinear equations of motion for a wet (roughly < 10% gas by volume) foam drop of initially spherical shape were derived. The frequencies for normal mode oscillations were derived in the linear inviscid limit. The nonlinear equations were numerically solved to elicit the motion of a foam drop under acoustic excitation. The role of the time-varying void fraction in breathing-mode oscillations is of particular interest. As of the end of the current (NAG#3-2121) grant, this work was not yet concluded. We continue to work on this aspect in order to extend the analysis to cover the transition regime of gas volume fractions, as well as to compare to experiments in the wet regime.

  9. Al-TiH2 Composite Foams Magnesium Alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Prasada Rao, A. K.; Oh, Y. S.; Ain, W. Q.; A, Azhari; Basri, S. N.; Kim, N. J.

    2016-02-01

    The work presented here in describes the synthesis of aluminum based titanium-hydride particulate composite by casting method and its foaming behavior of magnesium alloy. Results obtained indicate that the Al-10TiH2 composite can be synthesized successfully by casting method. Further, results also reveal that closed-cell magnesium alloy foam can be synthesized by using Al-10TiH2 composite as a foaming agent.

  10. The Synergize effect of Chain extender to Phosporic acid catalyst to the ultimate property of Soy-Polyurethane

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elvistia Firdaus, Flora

    2016-04-01

    The polyurethanes (PUs) foam were made from vegetable oil; a soybean based polyol. The foams were categorized into flexible and semi rigid. This research is manufacturally designed polyurethane foams by a process requiring the reaction of mixture of 2, 4- and 2, 6-Toluene di Isocyanate isomers, soy polyol in the presence of other ingredients. The objective of this work was to functionalized soy-polyol using phosporic acid catalyst and chain extender, study their collaborative reaction in producing ultimate property of PU foam. Correlates the foam morphology images in accordance to mechanical properties of foams.

  11. 28 CFR 33.102 - Preferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests based on the percentage of law enforcement officers who do not have access to an armor vest... wear armor vests whenever feasible; and (c) Has a violent crime rate at or above the national average...

  12. 28 CFR 33.102 - Preferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests based on the percentage of law enforcement officers who do not have access to an armor vest... wear armor vests whenever feasible; and (c) Has a violent crime rate at or above the national average...

  13. 28 CFR 33.102 - Preferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests based on the percentage of law enforcement officers who do not have access to an armor vest... wear armor vests whenever feasible; and (c) Has a violent crime rate at or above the national average...

  14. 28 CFR 33.102 - Preferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests based on the percentage of law enforcement officers who do not have access to an armor vest... wear armor vests whenever feasible; and (c) Has a violent crime rate at or above the national average...

  15. 28 CFR 33.102 - Preferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS Bulletproof Vest... armor vests based on the percentage of law enforcement officers who do not have access to an armor vest... wear armor vests whenever feasible; and (c) Has a violent crime rate at or above the national average...

  16. Data characterizing tensile behavior of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foam.

    PubMed

    Kumar, B R Bharath; Doddamani, Mrityunjay; Zeltmann, Steven E; Gupta, Nikhil; Ramakrishna, Seeram

    2016-03-01

    The data set presented is related to the tensile behavior of cenosphere reinforced high density polyethylene syntactic foam composites "Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine" (Bharath et al., 2016) [1]. The focus of the work is on determining the feasibility of using an industrial scale polymer injection molding (PIM) machine for fabricating syntactic foams. The fabricated syntactic foams are investigated for microstructure and tensile properties. The data presented in this article is related to optimization of the PIM process for syntactic foam manufacture, equations and procedures to develop theoretical estimates for properties of cenospheres, and microstructure of syntactic foams before and after failure. Included dataset contains values obtained from the theoretical model.

  17. Data characterizing tensile behavior of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foam

    PubMed Central

    Kumar, B.R. Bharath; Doddamani, Mrityunjay; Zeltmann, Steven E.; Gupta, Nikhil; Ramakrishna, Seeram

    2016-01-01

    The data set presented is related to the tensile behavior of cenosphere reinforced high density polyethylene syntactic foam composites “Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine” (Bharath et al., 2016) [1]. The focus of the work is on determining the feasibility of using an industrial scale polymer injection molding (PIM) machine for fabricating syntactic foams. The fabricated syntactic foams are investigated for microstructure and tensile properties. The data presented in this article is related to optimization of the PIM process for syntactic foam manufacture, equations and procedures to develop theoretical estimates for properties of cenospheres, and microstructure of syntactic foams before and after failure. Included dataset contains values obtained from the theoretical model. PMID:26937472

  18. Improving the mechanical performance of wood fiber reinforced bio-based polyurethane foam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chang, Li-Chi

    Because of the environmental impact of fossil fuel consumption, soybean-based polyurethane (PU) foam has been developed as an alternative to be used as the core in structural insulated panels (SIPs). Wood fibers can be added to enhance the resistance of foam against bending and buckling in compression. The goal of this work is to study the effect of three modifications: fiber surface treatment, catalyst choice, and mixing method on the compression performance of wood fiber-reinforced PU foam. Foams were made with a free-rising process. The compression performance of the foams was measured and the foams were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray computed tomography (CT). The foam reinforced with alkali-treated fibers had improved compression performance. The foams made with various catalysts shared similar performance. The foam made using a mechanical stirrer contained well-dispersed fibers but the reinforcing capability of the fibers was reduced.

  19. 20 CFR 226.12 - Employee vested dual benefit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Employee vested dual benefit. 226.12 Section 226.12 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT... vested dual benefit. (a) General. An employee vested dual benefit is payable, in addition to tiers I and...

  20. 20 CFR 226.12 - Employee vested dual benefit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Employee vested dual benefit. 226.12 Section 226.12 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT... vested dual benefit. (a) General. An employee vested dual benefit is payable, in addition to tiers I and...

  1. 20 CFR 226.12 - Employee vested dual benefit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Employee vested dual benefit. 226.12 Section 226.12 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT... vested dual benefit. (a) General. An employee vested dual benefit is payable, in addition to tiers I and...

  2. Foams for barriers and nonlethal weapons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rand, Peter B.

    1997-01-01

    Our times demand better solutions to conflict resolution than simply shooting someone. Because of this, police and military interest in non-lethal concepts is high. Already in use are pepper sprays, bean-bag guns, flash-bang grenades, and rubber bullets. At Sandia we got a head start on non- lethal weapon concepts. Protection of nuclear materials required systems that went way beyond the traditional back vault. Dispensable deterrents were used to allow a graduated response to a threat. Sticky foams and stabilized aqueous foams were developed to provide access delay. Foams won out for security systems simply because you could get a large volume from a small container. For polymeric foams the expansion ratio is thirty to fifty to one. In aqueous foams expansion ratios of one thousand to ne are easily obtained. Recent development work on sticky foams has included a changeover to environmentally friendly solvents, foams with very low toxicity, and the development of non-flammable silicone resin based foams. High expansion aqueous foams are useful visual and aural obscurants. Our recent aqueous foam development has concentrated on using very low toxicity foaming agents combined with oleoresin capsicum irritant to provide a safe but highly irritating foam.

  3. Occupational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other flame retardant foam additives at gymnastics studios: Before, during and after the replacement of pit foam with PBDE-free foams.

    PubMed

    Ceballos, Diana M; Broadwater, Kendra; Page, Elena; Croteau, Gerry; La Guardia, Mark J

    2018-07-01

    Coaches spend long hours training gymnasts of all ages aided by polyurethane foam used in loose blocks, mats, and other padded equipment. Polyurethane foam can contain flame retardant additives such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), to delay the spread of fires. However, flame retardants have been associated with endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated employee exposure to flame retardants in four gymnastics studios utilized by recreational and competitive gymnasts. We evaluated flame retardant exposure at the gymnastics studios before, during, and after the replacement of foam blocks used in safety pits with foam blocks certified not to contain several flame retardants, including PBDEs. We collected hand wipes on coaches to measure levels of flame retardants on skin before and after their work shift. We measured flame retardant levels in the dust on window glass in the gymnastics areas and office areas, and in the old and new foam blocks used throughout the gymnastics studios. We found statistically higher levels of 9 out of 13 flame retardants on employees' hands after work than before, and this difference was reduced after the foam replacement. Windows in the gymnastics areas had higher levels of 3 of the 13 flame retardants than windows outside the gymnastics areas, suggesting that dust and vapor containing flame retardants became airborne. Mats and other padded equipment contained levels of bromine consistent with the amount of brominated flame retardants in foam samples analyzed in the laboratory. New blocks did not contain PBDEs, but did contain the flame retardants 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate and 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate. We conclude that replacing the pit foam blocks eliminated a source of PBDEs, but not 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate and 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate. We recommend ways to further minimize employee exposure to flame retardants at work and acknowledge the challenges consumers have identifying chemical contents of new products. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  4. Anthropometric Cockpit Compatibility Assessment of US Army Aircraft for Large and Small Personnel Wearing A Cold Weather, Armored Vest, Chemical Defense Protective Clothing Configuration

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-07-01

    12 5. Survival Vest-Armor Plate Insert Configurations Employed ...................... 14 6. Summary of Critical Anthropometric Measure- ments...to assure an adequate aviator-to-cockpit fit for personnel wearing cold weather, survival vest with armor plate , and chemical defense protective...trousers (NSN 8415-00-407-1060). Survival vest, armor plated (NSN 8470-00-935-3192) The armor- plated survival vest could have the armor inserted in

  5. Novel technique for relieving anastomotic tension using halo-vest immobilization after tracheal sleeve resection.

    PubMed

    Imai, Kazuhiro; Minamiya, Yoshihiro; Saito, Hajime; Miyakoshi, Naohisa; Hongo, Michio; Kasukawa, Yuji; Ishikawa, Yoshinori; Motoyama, Satoru; Sato, Yusuke; Shimada, Yoichi; Ogawa, Jun-ichi

    2013-07-01

    We describe a novel technique of using halo-vest-enforced immobilization to relieve anastomotic tension after tracheal sleeve resection. Immediately after the tracheal sleeve resection, four halo titanium pins were inserted in the skulls of the patients to secure the halo-vest. All patients fitted with halo-vests were able to eat and drink and their clinical course was good. Bronchoscopy confirmed the absence of anastomotic leaks and stenoses, and there were no complications associated with the halo-vest. We believe that ensuring neck flexion using a halo-vest after tracheal sleeve resection is an excellent way of relieving anastomotic tension that would predispose the wound to dehiscence.

  6. Use of Weighted Vests in Pediatric Occupational Therapy Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Olson, Laurette J.; Moulton, Heather J.

    2004-01-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate pediatric occupational therapists' general experience and practice with weighted vests and their impressions about whether weighted vests are effective in changing specific behaviors of children with whom they have used weighted vests. A survey was mailed to a random sample of 514 pediatric occupational…

  7. Pension vesting and preretirement lump sums among full-time private sector employees.

    PubMed

    Woods, J R

    1993-01-01

    Vesting among full-time private sector employees has increased dramatically over the past two decades. With further increases expected, it seems likely that almost all workers covered by a pension plan will eventually receive some kind of benefit. Coverage, however, remains a problem. According to the most recently available data, only 46 percent of full-time private employees in 1988 were covered by a pension plan on their current jobs, 35 percent were vested, and an additional 4 percent were vested from a previous job. Vesting rates would have been higher if some workers had not cashed out their retirement benefits when they left previous jobs, but the impact is slight; most lump-sum recipients were also vested or covered on their current jobs. Vesting is higher among older workers and among men, though the gender gap has narrowed appreciably over time. Based on trends in vesting and 1988 rates for all types of workers aged 50-59, the analysis suggests that pension receipt rates among the elderly will continue to increase over the next decade.

  8. Evaluating the usability of a commercial cooling vest in the Hong Kong industries.

    PubMed

    Chan, Albert P; Yang, Yang; Song, Wen-Fang

    2018-03-01

    The provision of appropriate personal cooling vests is recognized as an effective measure to combat heat stress. However, personal cooling vests are not widely implemented in the Hong Kong industries. The current study aims to evaluate the usability of a hybrid cooling vest that is associated with the success of its application in industrial settings. A self-administrated questionnaire focusing on 10 subjective attributes of cooling effect, ergonomic design and usability of a hybrid cooling vest was administered with 232 occupational workers in the construction, horticultural and cleaning, airport apron services and kitchen and catering industries. A structural equation model estimated by analysis of moment structures was constructed to evaluate the usability of the cooling vest, as influenced by cooling effect and ergonomic design. Results showed that cooling effect (path coefficient = 0.69, p < 0.001) and ergonomic design (path coefficient = 0.55, p < 0.001) significantly affect the usability of the cooling vest. The structural equation model is feasible to examine the complex nature of the structural relationships among the subjective perceptions of personal cooling vests. The empirical findings furnish sound evidence for further optimization of the hybrid cooling vest in terms of cooling effect and ergonomic design for occupational workers.

  9. Chaotic bubbling and nonstagnant foams.

    PubMed

    Tufaile, Alberto; Sartorelli, José Carlos; Jeandet, Philippe; Liger-Belair, Gerard

    2007-06-01

    We present an experimental investigation of the agglomeration of bubbles obtained from a nozzle working in different bubbling regimes. This experiment consists of a continuous production of bubbles from a nozzle at the bottom of a liquid column, and these bubbles create a two-dimensional (2D) foam (or a bubble raft) at the top of this column. The bubbles can assemble in various dynamically stable arrangement, forming different kinds of foams in a liquid mixture of water and glycerol, with the effect that the bubble formation regimes influence the foam obtained from this agglomeration of bubbles. The average number of bubbles in the foam is related to the bubble formation frequency and the bubble mean lifetime. The periodic bubbling can generate regular or irregular foam, while a chaotic bubbling only generates irregular foam.

  10. Tensile behavior of cenosphere/epoxy syntactic foams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shahapurkar, Kiran; Doddamani, Mrityunjay; Kumar, G. C. Mohan

    2018-04-01

    Tensile behavior of syntactic foam composites are very critical to the engineering applications. The fracture modes and failure mechanisms under tension must be fully understood in order to realize the potential of such composites. In the present work, syntactic foam composites are fabricated using as received and surface modified hollow cenospheres embedded into epoxy matrix. Combinations of cenosphere volume fraction (0, 20, 40 and 60%) and surface modification are studied. Experimental results reveal that modulus of both untreated and treated syntactic foams increases with increase in cenosphere volume fraction compared to neat resin. Strength values of syntactic foams show decreasing trend compared to neat resin. However, treated syntactic foams demonstrated better results compared to untreated ones attributing to good bonding between matrix and filler. Scanning electron microscopy reveal brittle fracture for all the syntactic foams.

  11. The effect of oceanic whitecaps and foams on pulse-limited radar altimeters

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zheng, Q. A.; Klemas, V.; Hayne, G. S.; Huang, N. E.

    1983-01-01

    Based on electromagnetic field theory of stratified media, the microwave reflectivity of a sea surface covered by whitecaps and foams at 13.9 GHz was computed. The computed results show that the reflectivity declines with increasing thickness of foams. The reflectivity of the sea surface without any whitecaps or foams is 0.6066 (20 C, S:35 per thousand), but it will be less than 0.15 when the thickness of foam cover is more than 0.3 cm. While gathering the data of whitecap and foam coverage in situ and reviewing whitecapping models, it can be shown that the effect of oceanic whitecaps and foams on the measured results of a pulse-limited radar altimeter working at high frequencies will not be negligible in high sea state conditions.

  12. Prevention of sternal wound complications after sternotomy: results of a large prospective randomized multicentre trial†

    PubMed Central

    Gorlitzer, Michael; Wagner, Florian; Pfeiffer, Steffen; Folkmann, Sandra; Meinhart, Johann; Fischlein, Theodor; Reichenspurner, Hermann; Grabenwoeger, Martin

    2013-01-01

    OBJECTIVES A prospective randomized multicentre trial was performed to analyse the efficacy of a vest (Posthorax support vest®) to prevent sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery, and to identify risk factors. METHODS From September 2007 to March 2010, 2539 patients undergoing cardiac surgery via median sternotomy were prospectively randomized into those who received a Posthorax® vest and those who did not. Patients were instructed to wear the vest postoperatively for 24 h a day for at least 6 weeks; the duration of follow-up was 90 days. Patients who did not use the vest within a period of 72 h postoperatively were regarded as study dropouts. Statistical calculations were based on an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Further evaluations comprised all subgroups of patients. RESULTS Complete data were available for 2539 patients (age 67 ± 11years, 45% female). Of these, 1351 were randomized to receive a vest, while 1188 received no vest. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding age, gender, diabetes, body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal failure, the logistic EuroSCORE and the indication for surgery. The frequency of deep wound complications (dWC: mediastinitis and sternal dehiscence) was significantly lower in vest (n = 14; 1.04%) vs non-vest (n = 27; 2.27%) patients (ITT, P < 0.01), but superficial complications did not differ between groups. Subanalysis of vest patients revealed that only 933 (Group A) wore the vest according to the protocol, while 202 (Group BR) refused to wear the vest (non-compliance) and 216 (Group BN) did not use the vest for other reasons. All dWC occurred in Groups BR (n = 7) and BN (n = 7), although these groups had the same preoperative risk profile as Group A. Postoperatively, Group BN had a prolonged intubation time, a longer stay in the intensive care unit, greater use of intra-aortic balloon pump, higher frequency of COPD and a larger percentage of patients who required prolonged surgery. CONCLUSIONS Consistent use of the Posthorax® vest prevented deep sternal wounds. The anticipated risk factors for wound complications did not prove to be relevant, whereas intra- and postoperative complications appear to be very significant. PMID:23760221

  13. Warming up with an ice vest: core body temperature before and after cross-country racing.

    PubMed

    Hunter, Iain; Hopkins, J Ty; Casa, Douglas J

    2006-01-01

    Athletes running in a hot, humid environment may have an increased risk of heat illness. In the 2004 Olympic Games, American and Australian athletes were provided with ice vests designed to cool their bodies before performance. The vest appeared to be effective in keeping body temperatures down and improving the performance of the marathoners. However, body temperatures have not been reported when the vest was used before an actual competition. To determine if wearing the Nike Ice-Vest decreased core temperature (Tc) before and during athletic performance in warm (26 degrees C to 27 degrees C), humid (relative humidity = 50% to 75%) conditions. A 2 x 3 mixed-model design was used to compare groups (ice vest, no ice vest) across changes in temperature from baseline (10 minutes and 1 minute before the race and immediately after the race). 2005 Big Wave Invitational 4-km race in Hawaii and 2005 Great American 5-km race in North Carolina. Eighteen women from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I cross-country team who participated in either the Big Wave Invitational or the Great American Race. Four hours before the start of the race, the athletes ingested radiotelemetry temperature sensors. One hour before the start of the race, Tc was recorded, and half of the athletes donned a Nike Ice-Vest, which was removed immediately before the race. Additional Tc readings were taken at 10 minutes and 1 minute before the start of the race and immediately after the race. Ten minutes before the start of the race, Tc was elevated by 0.84 degrees C +/- 0.37 degrees C in the no-vest group, compared with 0.29 degrees C +/- 0.56 degrees C in the ice-vest group ( P < .01). This difference in Tc persisted at 1 minute before the start. Immediately after the finish, the increase in Tc averaged 2.75 degrees C +/- 0.62 degrees C in the no-vest group and 2.12 degrees C +/- 0.62 degrees C in the ice-vest group ( P < .01). Wearing an ice vest before cross-country performance in warm, humid conditions allowed athletes to start and finish the competition with a lower Tc than did those who did not wear a vest.

  14. The impact of a phase-change cooling vest on heat strain and the effect of different cooling pack melting temperatures.

    PubMed

    House, James R; Lunt, Heather C; Taylor, Rowan; Milligan, Gemma; Lyons, Jason A; House, Carol M

    2013-05-01

    Cooling vests (CV) are often used to reduce heat strain. CVs have traditionally used ice as the coolant, although other phase-change materials (PCM) that melt at warmer temperatures have been used in an attempt to enhance cooling by avoiding vasoconstriction, which supposedly occurs when ice CVs are used. This study assessed the effectiveness of four CVs that melted at 0, 10, 20 and 30 °C (CV₀, CV₁₀, CV₂₀, and CV₃₀) when worn by 10 male volunteers exercising and then recovering in 40 °C air whilst wearing fire-fighting clothing. When compared with a non-cooling control condition (CON), only the CV₀ and CV₁₀ vests provided cooling during exercise (40 and 29 W, respectively), whereas all CVs provided cooling during resting recovery (CV₀ 69 W, CV₁₀ 66 W, CV₂₀ 55 W and CV₃₀ 29 W) (P < 0.05). In all conditions, skin blood flow increased when exercising and reduced during recovery, but was lower in the CV₀ and CV₁₀ conditions compared with control during exercise (observed power 0.709) (P < 0.05), but not during resting recovery (observed power only 0.55). The participants preferred the CV₁₀ to the CV₀, which caused temporary erythema to underlying skin, although this resolved overnight after each occurrence. Consequently, a cooling vest melting at 10 °C would seem to be the most appropriate choice for cooling during combined work and rest periods, although possibly an ice-vest (CV₀) may also be appropriate if more insulation was worn between the cooling packs and the skin than used in this study.

  15. In vivo performance of novel soybean/gelatin-based bioactive and injectable hydroxyapatite foams

    PubMed Central

    Kovtun, Anna; Goeckelmann, Melanie J.; Niclas, Antje A.; Montufar, Edgar B.; Ginebra, Maria-Pau; Planell, Josep A.; Santin, Matteo; Ignatius, Anita

    2015-01-01

    Major limitations of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are their relatively slow degradation rate and the lack of macropores allowing the ingrowth of bone tissue. The development of self-setting cement foams has been proposed as a suitable strategy to overcome these limitations. In previous work we developed a gelatine-based hydroxyapatite foam (G-foam), which exhibited good injectability and cohesion, interconnected porosity and good biocompatibility in vitro. In the present study we evaluated the in vivo performance of the G-foam. Furthermore, we investigated whether enrichment of the foam with soybean extract (SG-foam) increased its bioactivity. G-foam, SG-foam and non-foamed CPC were implanted in a critical-size bone defect in the distal femoral condyle of New Zealand white rabbits. Bone formation and degradation of the materials were investigated after 4, 12 and 20 weeks using histological and biomechanical methods. The foams maintained their macroporosity after injection and setting in vivo. Compared to non-foamed CPC, cellular degradation of the foams was considerably increased and accompanied by new bone formation. The additional functionalization with soybean extract in the SG-foam slightly reduced the degradation rate and positively influenced bone formation in the defect. Furthermore, both foams exhibited excellent biocompatibility, implying that these novel materials may be promising for clinical application in non-loaded bone defects. PMID:25448348

  16. In vivo performance of novel soybean/gelatin-based bioactive and injectable hydroxyapatite foams.

    PubMed

    Kovtun, Anna; Goeckelmann, Melanie J; Niclas, Antje A; Montufar, Edgar B; Ginebra, Maria-Pau; Planell, Josep A; Santin, Matteo; Ignatius, Anita

    2015-01-01

    Major limitations of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are their relatively slow degradation rate and the lack of macropores allowing the ingrowth of bone tissue. The development of self-setting cement foams has been proposed as a suitable strategy to overcome these limitations. In previous work we developed a gelatine-based hydroxyapatite foam (G-foam), which exhibited good injectability and cohesion, interconnected porosity and good biocompatibility in vitro. In the present study we evaluated the in vivo performance of the G-foam. Furthermore, we investigated whether enrichment of the foam with soybean extract (SG-foam) increased its bioactivity. G-foam, SG-foam and non-foamed CPC were implanted in a critical-size bone defect in the distal femoral condyle of New Zealand white rabbits. Bone formation and degradation of the materials were investigated after 4, 12 and 20weeks using histological and biomechanical methods. The foams maintained their macroporosity after injection and setting in vivo. Compared to non-foamed CPC, cellular degradation of the foams was considerably increased and accompanied by new bone formation. The additional functionalization with soybean extract in the SG-foam slightly reduced the degradation rate and positively influenced bone formation in the defect. Furthermore, both foams exhibited excellent biocompatibility, implying that these novel materials may be promising for clinical application in non-loaded bone defects. Copyright © 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Polymer-Reinforced, Non-Brittle, Lightweight Cryogenic Insulation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hess, David M.

    2013-01-01

    The primary application for cryogenic insulating foams will be fuel tank applications for fueling systems. It is crucial for this insulation to be incorporated into systems that survive vacuum and terrestrial environments. It is hypothesized that by forming an open-cell silica-reinforced polymer structure, the foam structures will exhibit the necessary strength to maintain shape. This will, in turn, maintain the insulating capabilities of the foam insulation. Besides mechanical stability in the form of crush resistance, it is important for these insulating materials to exhibit water penetration resistance. Hydrocarbon-terminated foam surfaces were implemented to impart hydrophobic functionality that apparently limits moisture penetration through the foam. During the freezing process, water accumulates on the surfaces of the foams. However, when hydrocarbon-terminated surfaces are present, water apparently beads and forms crystals, leading to less apparent accumulation. The object of this work is to develop inexpensive structural cryogenic insulation foam that has increased impact resistance for launch and ground-based cryogenic systems. Two parallel approaches will be pursued: a silica-polymer co-foaming technique and a post foam coating technique. Insulation characteristics, flexibility, and water uptake can be fine-tuned through the manipulation of the polyurethane foam scaffold. Silicate coatings for polyurethane foams and aerogel-impregnated polyurethane foams have been developed and tested. A highly porous aerogel-like material may be fabricated using a co-foam and coated foam techniques, and can insulate at liquid temperatures using the composite foam

  18. 20 CFR 404.1402 - When are railroad industry services by a non-vested worker covered under Social Security?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...-vested worker covered under Social Security? 404.1402 Section 404.1402 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... When are railroad industry services by a non-vested worker covered under Social Security? If you are a non-vested worker, we (the Social Security Administration) will consider your services in the railroad...

  19. 46 CFR 160.052-7 - Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1... nonstandard vests. 1 1 The manufacturer of a personal flotation device must meet 33 CFR 181.701 through 33 CFR... on recreational boats. (a) General. Manufacturers of listed and labeled buoyant vests shall— (1...

  20. 46 CFR 160.052-7 - Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Inspections and tests-standard and nonstandard vests. 1... nonstandard vests. 1 1 The manufacturer of a personal flotation device must meet 33 CFR 181.701 through 33 CFR... on recreational boats. (a) General. Manufacturers of listed and labeled buoyant vests shall— (1...

  1. 20 CFR 404.1402 - When are railroad industry services by a non-vested worker covered under Social Security?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...-vested worker covered under Social Security? 404.1402 Section 404.1402 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... When are railroad industry services by a non-vested worker covered under Social Security? If you are a non-vested worker, we (the Social Security Administration) will consider your services in the railroad...

  2. 20 CFR 404.1402 - When are railroad industry services by a non-vested worker covered under Social Security?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...-vested worker covered under Social Security? 404.1402 Section 404.1402 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... When are railroad industry services by a non-vested worker covered under Social Security? If you are a non-vested worker, we (the Social Security Administration) will consider your services in the railroad...

  3. Morphologies, Processing and Properties of Ceramic Foams and Their Potential as TPS Materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stackpoole, Mairead; Simoes, Conan R.; Johnson, Sylvia M.

    2002-01-01

    The current research is focused on processing ceramic foams with compositions that have potential as a thermal protection material. The use of pre-ceramic polymers with the addition of sacrificial blowing agents or sacrificial fillers offers a viable approach to form either open or closed cell insulation. Our work demonstrates that this is a feasible method to form refractory ceramic foams at relatively low processing temperatures. It is possible to foam complex shapes then pyrolize the system to form a ceramic while retaining the shape of the unfired foam. Initial work focused on identifying suitable pre-ceramic polymers with desired properties such as ceramic yield and chemical make up of the pyrolysis product after firing. We focused on making foams in the Si system (Sic, Si02, Si-0-C), which is in use in current acreage TPS systems. Ceramic foams with different architectures were formed from the pyrolysis of pre-ceramic polymers at 1200 C in different atmospheres. In some systems a sacrificial polyurethane was used as the blowing agent. We have also processed foams using sacrificial fillers to introduce controlled cell sizes. Each sacrificial filler or blowing agent leads to a unique morphology. The effect of different fillers on foam morphologies and the characterization of these foams in terms of mechanical and thermal properties are presented. We have conducted preliminary arc jet testing on selected foams with the materials being exposed to typical re-entry conditions for acreage TPS and these results will be discussed. Foams processed using these approaches have bulk densities ranging from 0.15 to 0.9 g/cm3 and cell sizes ranging from 5 to 500 pm. Compression strengths ranged from 2 to 7 MPa for these systems. Finally, preliminary oxidation studies have been conducted on selected systems and will be discussed.

  4. The Modification of Polyurethane Foams Using New Boroorganic Polyols (II) Polyurethane Foams from Boron-Modified Hydroxypropyl Urea Derivatives

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    The work focuses on research related to determination of application possibility of new, ecofriendly boroorganic polyols in rigid polyurethane foams production. Polyols were obtained from hydroxypropyl urea derivatives esterified with boric acid and propylene carbonate. The influence of esterification type on properties of polyols and next on polyurethane foams properties was determined. Nitrogen and boron impacts on the foams' properties were discussed, for instance, on their physical, mechanical, and electric properties. Boron presence causes improvement of dimensional stability and thermal stability of polyurethane foams. They can be applied even at temperature 150°C. Unfortunately, introducing boron in polyurethanes foams affects deterioration of their water absorption, which increases as compared to the foams that do not contain boron. However, presence of both boron and nitrogen determines the decrease of the foams combustibility. Main impact on the decrease combustibility of the obtained foams has nitrogen presence, but in case of proper boron and nitrogen ratio their synergic activity on the combustibility decrease can be easily seen. PMID:24587721

  5. Acceleration endurance with pressure breathing during G with and without a counterpressure vest.

    PubMed

    Walker, Thomas B; Dart, Todd; Morgan, Thomas R; Balldin, Ulf I

    2014-04-01

    The purpose of this study was to test whether pressure breathing during G (PBC) without a counterpressure vest negatively influences G endurance or increases breathing fatigue during extended duration high-G exposures. While using PBG, 10 subjects underwent 2 trials of +3 Gz exposures: once when wearing a counterpressure vest and once without. The exposures consisted of a relaxed, gradual G onset run until peripheral or central light loss, a straining rapid onset GC run to +6 Gz for 15 s, and a simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM) G profile consisting of 10-s periods varying between +5 Gz and +9 Gz, during which subjects executed a hand-eye tracking task. The SACM endpoint was light loss or exhaustion. Subjects provided ratings of subjective effort and discomfort after the SACM. Significant differences were found between the vest and no-vest conditions for only 3 of 19 measures: heart rate under G and two measures of tracking ability. The vast majority of data indicated no difference between the vest and no-vest conditions for performance under G. This experiment supports previous studies and expands those previous results by increasing the duration of PBG exposure shown to not be influenced by wearing of the vest. We conclude that there is likely no practical advantage to wearing a counterpressure vest during PBG.

  6. Validation of a Polyimide Foam Model for Use in Transmission Loss Applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hong, Kwanwoo; Bolton, J. Stuart; Cano, Roberto J.; Weiser, Erik S.; Jensen, Brian J.; Silcox, Rich; Howerton, Brian M.; Maxon, John; Wang, Tongan; Lorenzi, Tyler

    2010-01-01

    The work described in this paper was focused on the use of a new polyimide foam in a double wall sound transmission loss application. Recall that polyimide foams are functionally attractive, compared to polyurethane foams, for example, owing to their fire resistance. The foam considered here was found to have a flow resistivity that was too high for conventional acoustical applications, and as a result, it was processed by partial crushing to lower the flow resistivity into an acceptable range. Procedures for measuring the flow resistivity and Young s modulus of the material have been described, as was an inverse characterization procedure for estimating the remaining Biot parameters based on standing wave tube measurements of transmission loss and absorption coefficient. The inverse characterization was performed using a finite element model implementation of the Biot poro-elastic material theory. Those parameters were then used to predict the sound transmission loss of a double panel system lined with polyimide foam, and the predictions were compared with full-scale transmission loss measurements. The agreement between the two was reasonable, especially in the high and low frequency limits; however, it was found that the SEA model resulted in an under-prediction of the transmission loss in the mid-frequency range. Nonetheless, it was concluded that the performance of polyimide foam could be predicted using conventional poro-elastic material models and that polyimide foam may offer an attractive alternative to other double wall linings in certain situations: e.g., when fire resistance is a key issue. Future work will concentrate on reducing the density of the foam to values similar to those used in current aircraft sidewall treatments, and developing procedures to improve the performance of the foam in transmission loss applications.

  7. Evaluation of a new ballistic vest design for compliance with Standard No. PN-V-87000:2011 using physiological tests.

    PubMed

    Marszałek, Anna; Grabowska, Grażyna; Łężak, Krzysztof

    2018-05-09

    Research into newly developed ballistic vests to be worn by police officers under clothing was carried out with air temperature conditions of +20 °C. A ballistic vest should incorporate protective features, comfort and ergonomics. The thermal strain on users who wore the vests was evaluated as an average and individually, after they had been conditioned in high (+50 °C), low (-40 °C) or neutral (+20 °C) air temperatures, while performing various occupational activities. Research involved six police officers aged 36-42 years, who wore civilian clothing used in moderate environmental conditions. During the tests, physiological parameters (internal temperature, local skin temperatures and amount of sweat secreted) were determined. The ease of doing exercises while wearing the vests, vest service and level of discomfort in use were assessed. Research showed that the vests tested, both as an average and individually, meet the requirements of Standard No. PN-V-87000:2011 (clause 4.5).

  8. Brushite foams--the effect of Tween® 80 and Pluronic® F-127 on foam porosity and mechanical properties.

    PubMed

    Unosson, Johanna; Montufar, Edgar B; Engqvist, Håkan; Ginebra, Maria-Pau; Persson, Cecilia

    2016-01-01

    Resorbable calcium phosphate based bone void fillers should work as temporary templates for new bone formation. The incorporation of macropores with sizes of 100 -300 µm has been shown to increase the resorption rate of the implant and speed up bone ingrowth. In this work, macroporous brushite cements were fabricated through foaming of the cement paste, using two different synthetic surfactants, Tween® 80 and Pluronic® F-127. The macropores formed in the Pluronic samples were both smaller and less homogeneously distributed compared with the pores formed in the Tween samples. The porosity and compressive strength (CS) were comparable to previously developed hydroxyapatite foams. The cement foam containing Tween, 0.5M citric acid in the liquid, 1 mass% of disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate mixed in the powder and a liquid to powder ratio of 0.43 mL/g, showed the highest porosity values (76% total and 56% macroporosity), while the CS was >1 MPa, that is, the hardened cement could be handled without rupture of the foamed structure. The investigated brushite foams show potential for future clinical use, both as bone void fillers and as scaffolds for in vitro bone regeneration. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  9. Synergistic effect of casein glycomacropeptide on sodium caseinate foaming properties.

    PubMed

    Morales, R; Martinez, M J; Pilosof, A M R

    2017-11-01

    Several strategies to improve the interfacial properties and foaming properties of proteins may be developed; among them, the use of mixtures of biopolymers that exhibit synergistic interactions. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of casein glycomacropeptide (CMP) on foaming and surface properties of sodium caseinate (NaCas) and to establish the role of protein interactions in the aqueous phase. To this end particles size, interfacial and foaming properties of CMP, NaCas and NaCas-CMP mixtures at pH 5.5 and 7 were determined. At both pH, the interaction between CMP and NaCas induced a decrease in the aggregation state of NaCas. Single CMP foams showed the highest and NaCas the lowest foam overrun (FO) and the mixture exhibited intermediate values. CMP foam quickly drained. The drainage profile of mixed foams was closer to NaCas foams; at pH 5.5, mixed foams drained even slower than NaCas foam, exhibiting a synergistic performance. Additionally, a strong synergism was observed on the collapse of mixed foams at pH 5.5. Finally, a model to explain the synergistic effect observed on foaming properties in CMP-NaCas mixtures has been proposed; the reduced aggregation state of NaCas in the presence of CMP, made it more efficient for foam stabilization. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Hyperbranched exopolysaccharide-enhanced foam properties of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.

    PubMed

    Deng, Quanhua; Li, Haiping; Sun, Haoyang; Sun, Yange; Li, Ying

    2016-05-01

    The foam properties, such as the foamability, foam stability, drainage, coalescence and bulk rheology, of aqueous solutions containing an eco-friendly exopolysaccharide (EPS) secreted by a deep-sea mesophilic bacterium, Wangia profunda SM-A87, and an anionic surfactant, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), were studied. Both the foamability and foam stability of the EPS/AES solutions are considerably higher than those of single AES solutions, even at very low AES concentrations, although pure EPS solutions cannot foam. The improved foamability and foam stability arise from the formation of the EPS/AES complex via hydrogen bonds at the interfaces. The synergism between the EPS and AES decreases the surface tension, increases the interfacial elasticity and water-carrying capacity, and suppresses the coalescence and collapse of the foams. The EPS/AES foams are more salt-resistant than the AES foams. This work provides not only a new eco-friendly foam with great potential for use in enhanced oil recovery and health-care products but also useful guidance for designing other environmentally friendly foam systems that exhibit high performance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Fabrication of a superhydrophobic polyurethane foam and its application for continuous oil removal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Hai-Dong; Gu, Bin; Yuan, Wei-Feng; He, Qi

    2018-02-01

    A new polyurethane foam with superhydrophobicity and excellent lipophilicity is presented and demonstrated experimentally in this work. The superhydrophobic foam is synthesized by dip coating the polyurethane foam with a mixture solution of silicone resine and silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Its superhydrophobic and oleophilic capacity is characterized and verified via the SEM images, the water contact angle measurement, the adsorption tests and recyclability tests for water and some typical oils. Combining with the vacuum assisted oil-water separation technology (VAST), continuous recovery of oil spill at the lab scale is realized on the new superhydrophobic foam. Moreover, the break through pressure for water penetrating through the superhydrophobic foam is determined experimentally and referred as the maximum operation pressure in the VAST.

  12. Optimized polymer enhanced foam flooding for ordinary heavy oil reservoir after cross-linked polymer flooding.

    PubMed

    Sun, Chen; Hou, Jian; Pan, Guangming; Xia, Zhizeng

    2016-01-01

    A successful cross-linked polymer flooding has been implemented in JD reservoir, an ordinary heavy oil reservoir with high permeability zones. For all that, there are still significant volumes of continuous oil remaining in place, which can not be easily extracted due to stronger vertical heterogeneity. Considering selective plugging feature, polymer enhanced foam (PEF) flooding was taken as following EOR technology for JD reservoir. For low cost and rich source, natural gas was used as foaming gas in our work. In the former work, the surfactant systems CEA/FSA1 was recommended as foam agent for natural gas foam flooding after series of compatibility studies. Foam performance evaluation experiments showed that foaming volume reached 110 mL, half-life time reached 40 min, and dimensionless filter coefficient reached 1.180 when CEA/FSA1 reacted with oil produced by JD reservoir. To compare the recovery efficiency by different EOR technologies, series of oil displacement experiments were carried out in a parallel core system which contained cores with relatively high and low permeability. EOR technologies concerned in our work include further cross-linked polymer (C-P) flooding, surfactant-polymer (S-P) flooding, and PEF flooding. Results showed that PEF flooding had the highest enhanced oil recovery of 19.2 % original oil in place (OOIP), followed by S-P flooding (9.6 % OOIP) and C-P flooding (6.1 % OOIP). Also, produced liquid percentage results indicated PEF flooding can efficiently promote the oil recovery in the lower permeability core by modifying the injection profile.

  13. Warming Up With an Ice Vest: Core Body Temperature Before and After Cross-Country Racing

    PubMed Central

    Hunter, Iain; Hopkins, J. Ty; Casa, Douglas J

    2006-01-01

    Context: Athletes running in a hot, humid environment may have an increased risk of heat illness. In the 2004 Olympic Games, American and Australian athletes were provided with ice vests designed to cool their bodies before performance. The vest appeared to be effective in keeping body temperatures down and improving the performance of the marathoners. However, body temperatures have not been reported when the vest was used before an actual competition. Objective: To determine if wearing the Nike Ice-Vest decreased core temperature (Tc) before and during athletic performance in warm (26°C to 27°C), humid (relative humidity = 50% to 75%) conditions. Design: A 2 × 3 mixed-model design was used to compare groups (ice vest, no ice vest) across changes in temperature from baseline (10 minutes and 1 minute before the race and immediately after the race). Setting: 2005 Big Wave Invitational 4-km race in Hawaii and 2005 Great American 5-km race in North Carolina. Patients or Other Participants: Eighteen women from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I cross-country team who participated in either the Big Wave Invitational or the Great American Race. Intervention(s): Four hours before the start of the race, the athletes ingested radiotelemetry temperature sensors. One hour before the start of the race, Tc was recorded, and half of the athletes donned a Nike Ice-Vest, which was removed immediately before the race. Main Outcome Measure(s): Additional Tc readings were taken at 10 minutes and 1 minute before the start of the race and immediately after the race. Results: Ten minutes before the start of the race, Tc was elevated by 0.84°C ± 0.37°C in the no-vest group, compared with 0.29°C ± 0.56°C in the ice-vest group ( P < .01). This difference in Tc persisted at 1 minute before the start. Immediately after the finish, the increase in Tc averaged 2.75°C ± 0.62°C in the no-vest group and 2.12°C ± 0.62°C in the ice-vest group ( P < .01). Conclusions: Wearing an ice vest before cross-country performance in warm, humid conditions allowed athletes to start and finish the competition with a lower Tc than did those who did not wear a vest. PMID:17273460

  14. Incidence of and risk factors for complications associated with halo-vest immobilization: a prospective, descriptive cohort study of 239 patients.

    PubMed

    van Middendorp, Joost J; Slooff, Willem-Bart M; Nellestein, W Ronald; Oner, F Cumhur

    2009-01-01

    Since high rates of serious complications, such as death and pneumonia, during halo-vest immobilization have been reported, there has been a tendency of restraint with regard to the use of the halo vest. However, the rate of complications in a high-volume center with sufficient experience is unknown. Our objective was to determine the incidence of and risk factors associated with complications during halo-vest immobilization. During a five-year period, a prospective cohort study was performed in a single, level-I trauma center that was also a tertiary referral center for spinal disorders. Data from all patients undergoing halo-vest immobilization were collected prospectively, and every complication was recorded. The primary outcome was the presence or absence of complications. Univariate regression analysis and regression modeling were used to analyze the results. In 239 patients treated with halo-vest immobilization, twenty-six major, seventy-two intermediate, and 121 minor complications were observed. Fourteen patients (6%) died during the treatment, although only one death was related directly to the immobilization and three were possibly related directly to the immobilization. Twelve patients (5%) acquired pneumonia during halo-vest immobilization. Patients older than sixty-five years did not have an increased risk of pneumonia (p = 0.543) or halo vest-related mortality (p = 0.467). Halo vest-related complications ranged from three patients (1%) with incorrect initial placement of the halo vest to twenty-nine patients (12%) with a pin-site infection. Pin-site infection was significantly related to pin penetration through the outer table of the skull (odds ratio, 4.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 15.51; p = 0.024). In 164 trauma patients treated only with halo-vest immobilization, cervical fractures with facet joint involvement or dislocations were significantly related to radiographic loss of alignment during follow-up (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 7.44; p = 0.031). There are relatively low rates of mortality and pneumonia during halo-vest immobilization, and elderly patients do not have an increased risk of pneumonia or death related to halo-vest immobilization. Nevertheless, the total number of minor complications is substantial. This study confirms that awareness of and responsiveness to minor complications can prevent subsequent development of serious morbidities and perhaps reduce mortality.

  15. Foams and antifoams.

    PubMed

    Karakashev, Stoyan I; Grozdanova, Michaela V

    2012-01-01

    Foams and antifoams are two entities with completely different natures. For example, the foams are structures of bubbles in contact, while the antifoams are emulsions containing hydrophobic particles. The interaction between them makes the foam decay faster and in the same time exhausts the antifoam. The mechanism of such an effect is complex of many phenomena taking place in the foam. Thus the antifoams are known as powerful foam suppressors. For these reasons, they are very important from fundamental and practical viewpoints. This paper summarizes the knowledge on antifoams since their very creation till nowadays. In this regard, the review discloses the scientific interpretations on antifoams in chronological order in accord with the literature. Thus, for example it begins with description of the first antifoams (oils) from the 1940s and the pioneering studies of S. Ross and his group. The first physical methods for studying antifoams were presented along with the concepts of spreading and entering coefficients of oils (W. Harkins, 1941, J. Robinson and W. Woods, 1948). The further development of the antifoams (oils+hydrophobic particles) was described by means of the works of R. Kulkarni et al., A. Dippenaar and P. Garrett in the late 1970s and the early 1980s. The theoretical models on the antifoam performance of R. Pelton and P. Garrett, developed in 1980s and 1990s, were presented and analyzed as well in regard with their limits of applicability. Substantial advance on the experimental techniques for studying antifoams has been achieved by introducing different variants of the film trapping technique (FTT) developed by D. Wasan et al., I. Ivanov et al. and T. Tamura et al. in the middle and the late 1990s. An assessment of these techniques was carried out in regard with their capacity for detailed studying the antifoam action within the thin liquid films. Finally, the latest knowledge on the antifoams was achieved due to N. Denkov and his group, who harnessed both the most successful type of FTT and the interferometric thin film setup of Scheludko to conduct innovative experiments on the antifoam's action in the foam films under different conditions. They derived new more detailed understanding on the antifoam's action. For this reason, we must acknowledge the series of works under the supervision of N. Denkov performed between 1996 and 2004 as the lately ones in the field. The present work contains in addition a subchapter devoted to describing alternative methods for design and control of the foam stability. As far as the foaminess and the rate of foam decay depends on the states of the surfactant adsorption layers situated on the bubble surfaces, both foaminess and foam durability can be designed by means of proper choices of surfactants, concentrations and methods of foam generation. Therefore, this paper scrutinized the very mechanism of foam generation whose product is initial foam. Afterwards it was pointed out that the elastic modulus of the foam bubbles is responsible for the further "life" of the already generated foam. A compilation between foaminess and average rate of foam decay named foam production was shown as more successful way to describe the foaming capacity of the frothers. In addition, the properties of tenacious famous under various conditions were exhibited as well. This subchapter does not give any formula for precise design of foams with entailed durability but rather outlines new ways to achieve such recipe. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. Pore Size Control in Aluminium Foam by Standardizing Bubble Rise Velocity and Melt Viscosity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Avinash, G.; Harika, V.; Sandeepika, Ch; Gupta, N.

    2018-03-01

    In recent years, aluminium foams have found use in a wide range of applications. The properties of these foams, as good structural strength with light weight have made them as a promising structural material for aerospace industry. Foaming techniques (direct and indirect) are used to produce these foams. Direct foaming involves blowing of gas to create gas bubbles in the melt whereas indirect foaming technique uses blowing agents as metallic hydrides, which create hydrogen bubbles. Porosity and its distribution in foams directly affect its properties. This demands for more theoretical studies, to control such cellular structure and hence properties. In present work, we have studied the effect of gas bubble rise velocity and melt viscosity, on pore size and its distribution in aluminium foam. A 15 PPI aluminium foam, prepared using indirect foaming technique having porosity ~86 % was used for study. In order to obtain metal foam, the bubble must not escape from the melt and should get entrapped during solidification. Our calculations suggest that bubble rise velocity and melt viscosity are responsible for vertical displacement of bubble in the melt. It is observed that melt viscosity opposes bubble rise velocity and help the bubbles to stay in the melt, resulting in porous structure.

  17. Aqueous foams: a field of investigation at the frontier between chemistry and physics.

    PubMed

    Langevin, Dominique

    2008-03-14

    This paper reviews the properties of aqueous foams. The current state of knowledge is summarized briefly and the interdisciplinary aspects of this field of investigation are emphasized. Many phenomena are controlled by physical laws, but they are highly dependent upon the chemicals used as foam stabilizers: surfactants, polymers, particles. Most of the existing work is related to surfactants and polymer foams, and little is known yet for particle foams although research in this field is becoming popular. This article presents the general concepts used to describe the monolayers and the films and also some of the recent advances being made in this area.

  18. Thermoregulatory influence of a cooling vest on hyperthermic athletes.

    PubMed

    Lopez, Rebecca M; Cleary, Michelle A; Jones, Leon C; Zuri, Ron E

    2008-01-01

    Athletic trainers must have sound evidence for the best practices in treating and preventing heat-related emergencies and potentially catastrophic events. To examine the effectiveness of a superficial cooling vest on core body temperature (T(c)) and skin temperature (T(sk)) in hypohydrated hyperthermic male participants. A randomized control design with 2 experimental groups. Participants exercised by completing the heat-stress trial in a hot, humid environment (ambient temperature = 33.1 +/- 3.1 degrees C, relative humidity = 55.1 +/- 8.9%, wind speed = 2.1 +/- 1.1 km/hr) until a T(c) of 38.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C and a body mass loss of 3.27 +/- 0.1% were achieved. Ten healthy males (age = 25.6 +/- 1.6 years, mass = 80.3 +/- 13.7 kg). Recovery in a thermoneutral environment wearing a cooling vest or without wearing a cooling vest until T(c) returned to baseline. Rectal T(c), arm T(sk), time to return to baseline T(c), and cooling rate. During the heat-stress trial, T(c) significantly increased (3.6%) and, at 30 minutes of recovery, T(c) had decreased significantly (2.6%) for both groups. Although not significant, the time for return to baseline T(c) was 22.6% faster for the vest group (43.8 +/- 15.1 minutes) than for the no-vest group (56.6 +/- 18.0 minutes), and the cooling rate for the vest group (0.0298 +/- 0.0072 degrees C/min) was not significantly different from the cooling rate for the no-vest group (0.0280 +/- 0.0074 degrees C/min). The T(sk) during recovery was significantly higher (2.1%) in the vest group than in the no-vest group and was significantly lower (7.1%) at 30 minutes than at 0 minutes for both groups. We do not recommend using the cooling vest to rapidly reduce elevated T(c). Ice-water immersion should remain the standard of care for rapidly cooling severely hyperthermic individuals.

  19. Material characterization of rigid foam insulation at low temperature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barrios, Matthew

    There is a continuing need for improved rigid foam insulation, particularly for cryogenic storage aboard aerospace vehicles. The present work is a material characterization of spray-on foam insulation used on the Space Shuttle External Tank. The characterization includes imaging and measurements of thermal conductivity, ultimate tensile strength, and moisture absorption. Thermal conductivity measurements are the main focus of the present work, as it is the most relevant property to insulation performance. A novel apparatus was developed to measure the thermal conductivity of rigid foam at temperatures ranging from 20 K to 300 K with a DeltaT of 10 K between the sides of the foam sample. The effective thermal conductivity of three samples of NCFI 24-124 foam insulation was measured over the full temperature range. Additionally, the effects of different residual gases and moisture absorption on the thermal conductivity of the foam were studied. The data were compared to data from the literature and to mathematical models developed to predict the thermal conductivity. The data show that gas condensation can play a significant role in the thermal conductivity of the foam at low temperature. Moisture absorption can occur in the foam in application when cryogenic fuel is filled into a tank which sits in a warm, humid environment. An apparatus was developed to subject foam samples to these conditions. The moisture content in the samples was then measured. The samples were then imaged using the 900 MHz NMR magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory to determine the location of the water within the foam. Samples conditioned for 9 hours exhibited a 50% weight increase, and samples conditioned for 69 hours exhibited a 284% weight increase. The NMR images showed that the moisture collects first near the warm side of the foam, and permeates through the foam over time. However, the moisture appears to not collect near the knit lines (areas between sprayed layers of foam, containing cells about 10 times smaller than those that make up the bulk of the foam). The 100 kN mechanical testing system at the NHMFL was used to measure the ultimate tensile strength of the foam. The number of samples available limited the amount of measurements, but the data show that the orientation of the foam (parallel or perpendicular to the knit lines) has a greater effect on the tensile strength than does the moisture absorption or exposure to cryogenic temperature.

  20. A field study of the effectiveness and practicality of a novel hybrid personal cooling vest worn during rest in Hong Kong construction industry.

    PubMed

    Chan, Albert P C; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Faming; Wong, Francis F K; Chan, Daniel W M

    2017-12-01

    A novel hybrid cooling vest (HCV) incorporated with phase change materials (PCMs) and ventilation fans has been developed for construction workers in Hong Kong to attenuate heat stress and prevent heat-related illnesses, and its effectiveness and practicality have been validated in this study. A total of 140 wear trials involving of 140 workers were conducted in Hong Kong construction sites during the summer time. Each wear trial involves a two-day wear test, of which one day workers wore the HCV (denoted as VEST) during resting, and another day they wore traditional workwear (denoted as CON). Subjects were asked to rate their perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensations (TS) and 7 other subjective attributes. There were significant differences in the effectiveness on reducing workers' heat strain between VEST and CON in terms of alleviations of heart rate (ΔHR), ΔTS, ΔRPE as well as ΔPeSI (p < 0.001). The practicality of HCV is evidenced by a significant improvement by 0.93-1.34 on the rating scores of perceived cooling effect, sensations of comfort and skin dryness during rest and fatigue recovery in VEST at the level of 0.05, and high ratings of 4.85-5 (rating scale from 1 to 7, and the higher the better) by subjects on the preference, fitness as well as effectiveness to combat heat stress. In addition, a remarkable proportion of 91 per cent of subjects prefer to use this newly designed HCV as a cooling measure during rest. The power to alleviate perceptual heat stain (PeSA) in VEST is about twice of that by rest, which means HCV can notably improve the workers' perceptual heat strain in a limited resting duration. However, the strain alleviation power of HCV nearly remains unchanged with the prolonged rest duration. Thus, the optimal work-rest schedule needs to be investigated in a further study. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. The effect of army vest design on the occurrence of stress fractures and overuse injuries in female military recruits.

    PubMed

    Palmanovich, Ezequiel; Frankl, M; Nyska, M; Hetsroni, I; Constantini, N; Trejo, L; Bechar, R; Novak, G; Lankovsky, Z; Mann, G

    2017-08-01

    Stress fractures (SFs) occur when microdamage caused by repetitive mechanical load exceeds the biological load-bearing capacity of the bone. The study objective was to test whether a vest specifically designed and manufactured for female recruits, compared with the standard vest used on a regular basis by Border Police recruits, would reduce the incidence of SF in female Border Police recruits. Data based on reports of military personnel show that women are more likely to sustain SFs. A follow-up of 240 female Border Police infantry recruits, divided into two trial groups, was conducted from 2007 to 2009. Two different vests were evaluated-the standard special unit fighting vest, which was conventionally used by both men and women during basic training, and the new fighting vest, specially design for female body shape. No significant difference was noted in the number of SFs between the two groups which may be attributed to increased weight of the new vest. There was a lower incidence of long bone SFs which may have been due to the superior vest design. The female Border Police Infantry recruits expressed great satisfaction with the new vest. Increased effort should be invested to further reduce the weight of female combat gear, alongside efforts to improve fit and comfort. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

  2. Modifying the morphology and properties of aligned CNT foams through secondary CNT growth.

    PubMed

    Faraji, Shaghayegh; Stano, Kelly; Akyildiz, Halil; Yildiz, Ozkan; Jur, Jesse S; Bradford, Philip D

    2018-07-20

    In this work, we report for the first time, growth of secondary carbon nanotubes (CNTs) throughout a three-dimensional assembly of CNTs. The assembly of nanotubes was in the form of aligned CNT/carbon (ACNT/C) foams. These low-density CNT foams were conformally coated with an alumina buffer layer using atomic layer deposition. Chemical vapor deposition was further used to grow new CNTs. The CNT foam's extremely high porosity allowed for growth of secondary CNTs inside the bulk of the foams. Due to the heavy growth of new nanotubes, density of the foams increased more than 2.5 times. Secondary nanotubes had the same graphitic quality as the primary CNTs. Microscopy and chemical analysis revealed that the thickness of the buffer layer affected the diameter, nucleation density as well as growth uniformity across the thickness of the foams. The effects of secondary nanotubes on the compressive mechanical properties of the foams was also investigated.

  3. Theoretical Evaluation of Foam Proppant Carriers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    von Holt, H.; Kam, S.; Williams, W. C.

    2017-12-01

    Hydraulic fracturing in oil wells results in a large amount of produced water which must be properly disposed of and is currently a key environmental issue preventing further development in US domestic oil and gas production. The primary function of this liquid is to carry particulates, a.k.a. Proppant, into the stress fractures in order to hold open a pathway in which petroleum can flow into the wellbore. A potential superior technique is to use foam instead of liquid; liquids rely on turbulence to suspend proppant while foams carry particulates on the surfaces. Therefore, foams can carry more proppant deeper into the fractures while typically using 50%-90% less liquid, depending on foam quality. This comparative analysis uses the vorticity equation for a liquid to approximate the base case of particle suspension. This is then compared to a multitude of foam transport models in order to demonstrate the efficacy of foams when used in hydraulic fracturing. This work serves as the basis for future laboratory and hopefully field scale studies of foam proppant carriers.

  4. Ultra-low density metallic foams synthesized by contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) for laser experiments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rocher, Sandrine; Botrel, Ronan; Durut, Frédéric; Chicanne, Cédric; Theobald, Marc; Vignal, Vincent

    2018-02-01

    The goal of this work is to realize metallic foams synthesized by contact glow discharge electrolysis with specific characteristics. In this paper, we show the results of our studies, consisting in investigating parameters that influence the foams characteristics. Thus, the morphology of metallic foams is examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations with the acid nature. Moreover, the evolution of the mass and the volume of metallic foams with two experimental parameters (overvoltage and gold concentration) is also investigated. The acid nature affects the foams microscopic structure highlighted by the SEM observations, but for now no valid explanation to this behaviour was found. We prove that the mass deposited on the electrode is dependent on the ionic salt concentration, whereas the overvoltage only affects the foam overall density. Contribution to the topical issue "Plasma Sources and Plasma Processes (PSPP)", edited by Luis Lemos Alves, Thierry Belmonte and Tiberiu Minea.

  5. Surface Evaluation by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of High Performance Polyimide Foams After Exposure to Oxygen Plasma

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Melendez, Orlando; Hampton, Michael D.; Williams, Martha K.; Brown, Sylvia F.; Nelson, Gordon L.; Weiser, Erik S.

    2002-01-01

    Aromatic polyimides have been attractive in the aerospace and electronics industries for applications such as cryogenic insulation, flame retardant panels and structural subcomponents. Newer to the arena of polyimides is the synthesis of polyimide foams and their applications. In the present work, three different, closely related, polyimide foams developed by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) are studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) after exposure to radio frequency generated Oxygen Plasma. Although polyimide films exposure to atomic oxygen and plasma have been studied previously and reported, the data relate to films and not foams. Foams have much more surface area and thus present new information to be explored. Understanding degradation mechanisms and properties versus structure, foam versus solid is of interest and fundamental to the application and protection of foams exposed to atomic oxygen in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

  6. 46 CFR 160.047-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.047-3a Section 160.047-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Kapok or Fibrous Glass, Adult and Child § 160.047-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests. (a...

  7. 46 CFR 160.047-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.047-3a Section 160.047-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Kapok or Fibrous Glass, Adult and Child § 160.047-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests. (a...

  8. 46 CFR 160.047-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.047-3a Section 160.047-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Kapok or Fibrous Glass, Adult and Child § 160.047-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests. (a...

  9. 46 CFR 160.047-3a - Materials-Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... instruments of closure for buoyant vests. 160.047-3a Section 160.047-3a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Kapok or Fibrous Glass, Adult and Child § 160.047-3a Materials—Dee ring and snap hook assemblies and other instruments of closure for buoyant vests. (a...

  10. Enhanced specific surface area by hierarchical porous graphene aerogel/carbon foam for supercapacitor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xin, Zhaopeng; Li, Weixin; Fang, Wei; He, Xuan; Zhao, Lei; Chen, Hui; Zhang, Wanqiu; Sun, Zhimin

    2017-12-01

    In this work, graphene aerogel/carbon foam is prepared by in situ inducing graphene aerogels in the pores of carbon foam. This novel hierarchical porous structure possesses a higher specific surface area as the introduction of graphene aerogels in carbon foam increases the proportion of micropores thus making it a superior candidate as electrodes for supercapacitors. The characterization and comparison of various properties of carbon foam and graphene aerogels/carbon foam have been investigated systematically. The result shows that specific surface area is up to 682.8 m2/g compared with initial carbon foam which increased about 55%, and the pore distribution curve shows more pore volume at 0.3 nm for F-CF/GA. It is demonstrated that the introduction of graphene aerogels not only increases the specific surface area, but also improves the conductivity, thus resulting in the reduction of the internal resistance and the improvement of the electrochemical performance. Consequently, graphene aerogel/carbon foam shows an excellent specific capacitance of 193.1 F/g at 1 A/g which is 72% higher than that of carbon foam acted as electrodes for supercapacitors.

  11. Compressive Behaviour and Energy Absorption of Aluminium Foam Sandwich

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Endut, N. A.; Hazza, M. H. F. Al; Sidek, A. A.; Adesta, E. T. Y.; Ibrahim, N. A.

    2018-01-01

    Development of materials in automotive industries plays an important role in order to retain the safety, performance and cost. Metal foams are one of the idea to evolve new material in automotive industries since it can absorb energy when it deformed and good for crash management. Recently, new technology had been introduced to replace metallic foam by using aluminium foam sandwich (AFS) due to lightweight and high energy absorption behaviour. Therefore, this paper provides reliable data that can be used to analyze the energy absorption behaviour of aluminium foam sandwich by conducting experimental work which is compression test. Six experiments of the compression test were carried out to analyze the stress-strain relationship in terms of energy absorption behavior. The effects of input variables include varying the thickness of aluminium foam core and aluminium sheets on energy absorption behavior were evaluated comprehensively. Stress-strain relationship curves was used for energy absorption of aluminium foam sandwich calculation. The result highlights that the energy absorption of aluminium foam sandwich increases from 12.74 J to 64.42 J respectively with increasing the foam and skin thickness.

  12. Industrial waste utilization for foam concrete

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krishnan, Gokul; Anand, K. B.

    2018-02-01

    Foam concrete is an emerging and useful construction material - basically a cement based slurry with at least 10% of mix volume as foam. The mix usually containing cement, filler (usually sand) and foam, have fresh densities ranging from 400kg/m3 to 1600kg/m3. One of the main drawbacks of foam concrete is the large consumption of fine sand as filler material. Usage of different solid industrial wastes as fillers in foam concrete can reduce the usage of fine river sand significantly and make the work economic and eco-friendly. This paper aims to investigate to what extent industrial wastes such as bottom ash and quarry dust can be utilized for making foam concrete. Foam generated using protein based agent was used for preparing and optimizing (fresh state properties). Investigation to find the influence of design density and air-void characteristics on the foam concrete strength shows higher strength for bottom ash mixes due to finer air void distribution. Setting characteristics of various mix compositions are also studied and adoption of Class C flyash as filler demonstrated capability of faster setting.

  13. Cell openness manipulation of low density polyurethane foam for efficient sound absorption

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hyuk Park, Ju; Suh Minn, Kyung; Rae Lee, Hyeong; Hyun Yang, Sei; Bin Yu, Cheng; Yeol Pak, Seong; Sung Oh, Chi; Seok Song, Young; June Kang, Yeon; Ryoun Youn, Jae

    2017-10-01

    Satisfactory sound absorption using a low mass density foam is an intriguing desire for achieving high fuel efficiency of vehicles. This issue has been dealt with a microcellular geometry manipulation. In this study, we demonstrate the relationship between cell openness of polyurethane (PU) foam and sound absorption behaviors, both theoretically and experimentally. The objective of this work is to mitigate a threshold of mass density by rendering a sound absorber which shows a satisfactory performance. The cell openness, which causes the best sound absorption performance in all cases considered, was estimated as 15% by numerical simulation. Cell openness of PU foam was experimentally manipulated into desired ranges by adjusting rheological properties in a foaming reaction. Microcellular structures of the fabricated PU foams were observed and sound absorption coefficients were measured using a B&K impedance tube. The fabricated PU foam with the best cell openness showed better sound absorption performance than the foam with double mass density. We envisage that this study can help the manufacture of low mass density sound absorbing foams more efficiently and economically.

  14. Development of internal magnetic probe for current density profile measurement in Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, J.; Lee, J. W.; Jung, B. K.; Chung, K. J.; Hwang, Y. S.

    2014-11-01

    An internal magnetic probe using Hall sensors to measure a current density profile directly with perturbation of less than 10% to the plasma current is successfully operated for the first time in Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus (VEST). An appropriate Hall sensor is chosen to produce sufficient signals for VEST magnetic field while maintaining the small size of 10 mm in outer diameter. Temperature around the Hall sensor in a typical VEST plasma is regulated by blown air of 2 bars. First measurement of 60 kA VEST ohmic discharge shows a reasonable agreement with the total plasma current measured by Rogowski coil in VEST.

  15. Sticky foam as a less-than-lethal technology

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Scott, S.H.

    1996-12-31

    Sandia National Labs (SNL) in 1994 completed a project funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to determine the applicability of sticky foam for correctional applications. Sticky foam is an extremely tacky, tenacious material used to block, entangle, and impair individuals. The NIJ project developed a gun capable of firing multiple shots of sticky foam, tested the gun and sticky foam effectiveness on SNL volunteers acting out prison and law enforcement scenarios, and had the gun and sticky foam evaluated by correctional representatives. Based on the NIJ project work, SNL supported the Marine Corps Mission, Operation United Shield, withmore » sticky foam guns and supporting equipment to assist in the withdrawal of UN Peacekeepers from Somalia. Prior to the loan of the equipment, the Marines were given training in sticky foam characterization, toxicology, safety issues, cleanup and waste disposal, use limitations, use protocol and precautions, emergency facial clean-up, skin cleanup, gun filling, targeting and firing, and gun cleaning. The Marine Corps successfully used the sticky foam guns as part of that operation. This paper describes these recent developments of sticky foam for non-lethal uses and some of the lessons learned from scenario and application testing.« less

  16. Advanced nondestructive techniques applied for the detection of discontinuities in aluminum foams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Katchadjian, Pablo; García, Alejandro; Brizuela, Jose; Camacho, Jorge; Chiné, Bruno; Mussi, Valerio; Britto, Ivan

    2018-04-01

    Metal foams are finding an increasing range of applications by their lightweight structure and physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Foams can be used to fill closed moulds for manufacturing structural foam parts of complex shape [1]; foam filled structures are expected to provide good mechanical properties and energy absorption capabilities. The complexity of the foaming process and the number of parameters to simultaneously control, demand a preliminary and hugely wide experimental activity to manufacture foamed components with a good quality. That is why there are many efforts to improve the structure of foams, in order to obtain a product with good properties. The problem is that even for seemingly identical foaming conditions, the effective foaming can vary significantly from one foaming trial to another. The variation of the foams often is related by structural imperfections, joining region (foam-foam or foam-wall mold) or difficulties in achieving a complete filling of the mould. That is, in a closed mold, the result of the mold filling and its structure or defects are not known a priori and can eventually vary significantly. These defects can cause a drastic deterioration of the mechanical properties [2] and lead to a low performance in its application. This work proposes the use of advanced nondestructive techniques for evaluating the foam distribution after filling the mold to improve the manufacturing process. To achieved this purpose ultrasonic technique (UT) and cone beam computed tomography (CT) were applied on plate and structures of different thicknesses filled with foam of different porosity. UT was carried out on transmission mode with low frequency air-coupled transducers [3], in focused and unfocused configurations.

  17. Passive Cooling of Body Armor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Holtz, Ronald; Matic, Peter; Mott, David

    2013-03-01

    Warfighter performance can be adversely affected by heat load and weight of equipment. Current tactical vest designs are good insulators and lack ventilation, thus do not provide effective management of metabolic heat generated. NRL has undertaken a systematic study of tactical vest thermal management, leading to physics-based strategies that provide improved cooling without undesirable consequences such as added weight, added electrical power requirements, or compromised protection. The approach is based on evaporative cooling of sweat produced by the wearer of the vest, in an air flow provided by ambient wind or ambulatory motion of the wearer. Using an approach including thermodynamic analysis, computational fluid dynamics modeling, air flow measurements of model ventilated vest architectures, and studies of the influence of fabric aerodynamic drag characteristics, materials and geometry were identified that optimize passive cooling of tactical vests. Specific architectural features of the vest design allow for optimal ventilation patterns, and selection of fabrics for vest construction optimize evaporation rates while reducing air flow resistance. Cooling rates consistent with the theoretical and modeling predictions were verified experimentally for 3D mockups.

  18. Ambulatory ventricular function monitor: validation and preliminary clinical results

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wilson, R.A.; Sullivan, P.J.; Moore, R.H.

    1983-09-01

    A device for the continuous measurement of left ventricular (LV) function was tested in a series of 34 subjects. The instrument consisted of 2 arrays of radiation sensitive cadmium telluride detectors held in place over the region of the left ventricle and lung by a vest-like garment (hence the name VEST). The VEST electronic instrumentation included analog-to-digital converters, a battery pack, microprocessor and gating device, which were worn in a back pack. Data generated by the VEST, including the digitized average electrocardiogram, RR interval, counts/13 ms in each radiation detector, and time since commencement of data recording, were recorded onmore » a cassette tape recorder every 2 minutes for subsequent analysis. At the conclusion of conventional multigated blood pool imaging, the VEST was positioned and worn by the subjects while supine, standing in place and walking. The correlation of ejection fraction calculated independently from the VEST and scintillation camera data was >0.95. The inter-record reproducibility of the ejection fraction measured by the VEST in sedentary subjects was <3%. 22 references, 6 figures.« less

  19. Moisture sorption characteristics of extrusion-cooked starch protective loose-fill cushioning foams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Combrzyński, Maciej; Mościcki, Leszek; Kwaśniewska, Anita; Oniszczuk, Tomasz; Wójtowicz, Agnieszka; Sołowiej, Bartosz; Gładyszewska, Bożena; Muszyński, Siemowit

    2017-10-01

    The aim of this work was to determine the water vapour sorption properties of thermoplastic starch filling foams processed by extrusion-cooking technique from various combinations of potato starch and two foaming agents: poly(vinyl) alcohol and Plastronfoam, in amount of 1, 2 and 3% each. Foams were processed with the single screw extruder-cooker at two different screw rotational speeds 100 and 130 r.p.m. The sorption isotherms of samples were determined and described using the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model. Also, the kinetics of water vapour adsorption by foams, as a function of time, was measured and fitted with Peleg model. On the basis of the analysis the influence of the applied foaming agents, as well as the technological parameters of extrusion-cooking process in relation to water vapour adsorption by thermoplastic starch foams was demonstrated. There was no difference between the shapes of the isotherms for poly(vinyl) alcohol foams while for Plastronfoam foams a notable difference among foams extruded at 100 r.p.m. was observed in the regions of low and high humidity content. The analysis of the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model parameters showed that the water molecules were less strongly bound with the foam surface when extruded at a lower screw speed.

  20. Wall effects in Stokes experiment with a liquid foam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gao, Haijing; Subramani, Hariprasad; Harris, Michael; Basaran, Osman

    2011-11-01

    Liquid foams are widely used in numerous applications ranging from the oil and gas industry to beauty, healthcare, and household products industries. A fundamental understanding of the relationships between the properties of liquid foams and their flow responses is, however, still in its infancy compared to that involving the fluid dynamics of simple fluids. In this talk, the flow of a dry liquid foam around a spherical bead, i.e. the Stokes problem for liquid foams, is studied experimentally. In contrast to previous work (cf. Cantat 2006), the focus of the present research is to probe the effect of a solid wall that is located a few bubble radii from the bead. The new experimental results show that the elastic modulus of dry liquid foams is directly proportional to the surface tension of the foaming agents and inversely proportional to the average bubble size in the foams, in agreement with previous theoretical and experimental studies. The experiments further show that the close proximity of the solid wall causes profound structural changes to the gas bubbles as the foam flows past the bead. A good understanding of these structural changes and how they can affect the elastic modulus of foams can be indispensable in formulating improved models for accurately describing the dynamical response of foams within the realm of continuum mechanics.

  1. Ballistic Testing and Product Quality Surveillance for the Interceptor Body Armor - Vest Components Need Improvement

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-03

    six contracts. Interceptor Body Armor – Vest Components IBA is a modular body armor system that consists of an OTV, ceramic plates , and components...Armor - Vest Components Need Improvement Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the...Ballistic Testing and Product Quality Surveillance for the Interceptor Body Armor - Vest Components Need Improvement 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT

  2. Cloth Ballistic Vest Alters Response to Blast

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-01-01

    Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701-501 ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. jACCESSION NO. 11. TITLE (include Security Classification) CLOTH BALLSISTIC VEST ALTERS RESPONSE...Suppl. ’rintd in USA Cloth Ballistic Vest Alters Response to Blast YANCY Y. PHILLIPS, M.D., THOMAS G. MUNDIE, PH.D., JOHN T. YELVERTON, M.S., AND DONALD R...RICHMOND, PH.D. Ballistic wounds have been and will remain the principal cause of casualties in combat. Cloth ballistic vests (CBV) play an

  3. Electrical and dielectric properties of foam injection-molded polypropylene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ameli, A.; Nofar, M.; Saniei, M.

    A combination of high dielectric permittivity (ε′) and low dielectric loss (tan δ) is required for charge storage applications. In percolative systems such as conductive polymer composites, however, obtaining high ε′ and low tan δ is very challenging due to the sharp insulation-conduction transition near the threshold region. Due to the particular arrangement of conductive fillers induced by both foaming and injection molding processes, they may address this issue. Therefore, this work evaluates the application of foam injection molding process in fabricating polymer nanocomposites for energy storage. Polypropylene-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PP-MWCNT) composites were prepared by melt mixing and foamed inmore » an injection molding process. Electrical conductivity (σ), ε′ and tan δ were then characterized. Also, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) was used to investigate the carbon nanotube’s arrangement as well as cellular morphology. The results showed that foam injection-molded composites exhibited highly superior dielectric properties to those of solid counterparts. For instance, foamed samples had ε′=68.3 and tan δ =0.05 (at 1.25 vol.% MWCNT), as opposed to ε′=17.8 and tan δ=0.04 in solid samples (at 2.56 vol.% MWCNT). The results of this work reveal that high performance dielectric nanocomposites can be developed using foam injection molding technologies for charge storage applications.« less

  4. Shock Mitigation in Open-Celled TiNi Foams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jardine, A. Peter

    2018-05-01

    High-energy shock events generated by impacts are effectively mitigated by Nitinol materials. Initial evidence of this capability was suggested by the dramatically superior cavitation-erosion performance of Nitinol coatings made by plasma spray processes, over steels and brasses. A fast acting hysteretic stress-strain response mechanism was proposed to explain this result, transforming the shock energy into heat. Extending this work to bulk TiNi, dynamic load characterization using Split Rod Hopkinson Bar techniques on solid porous TiNi confirmed that the mechanical response to high strain rates below 4200 s-1 were indeed hysteretic. This paper reports on dynamical load characterization on TiNi foams made by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) using Split Rod Hopkinson Bar and gas-gun impact characterization to compare these foams to alternative materials. This work verified that SHS-derived TiNi foams were indeed hysteretic at strain rates from 180 to 2300 s-1. In addition, Shock Spectrum Analysis demonstrated that TiNi foams were very effective in mitigating the shock spectrum range below 5 kHz, and that increasing porosity increased the amount of shock attenuation in that spectral range. Finally under impact loading, 55% porous TiNi foams were a factor of 7 superior to steel and a factor of 4 better than Al 6061 or Cu in mitigating peak g-loads and this attenuation improved with bilayer structures of 57 and 73% porous TiNi foam article.

  5. Fabrication of Low-Density Foam Liners in Hohlraums for NIF Targets

    DOE PAGES

    Bhandarkar, Suhas; Baumann, Ted; Alfonso, Noel; ...

    2018-01-15

    Low-density foam liners are seen as a means to mitigate hohlraum wall motion that can interfere with the inner set of beams that are pointed toward the middle section of the hohlraum. These liners need to meet several requirements, most notably the material choice and the maximum allowable solid fraction and thickness, which necessitate development of new processing capabilities. In this paper, we discuss our strategy and work on fabrication of a tantalum oxide foam liner and its assembly into targets for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Finally, in particular, we discuss our approach to finding solutions to the uniquemore » challenges that come up in working with such low-density materials so as to be able establish a viable platform for production of cryogenic targets for NIF with foam-lined hohlraums.« less

  6. Fabrication of Low-Density Foam Liners in Hohlraums for NIF Targets

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bhandarkar, Suhas; Baumann, Ted; Alfonso, Noel

    Low-density foam liners are seen as a means to mitigate hohlraum wall motion that can interfere with the inner set of beams that are pointed toward the middle section of the hohlraum. These liners need to meet several requirements, most notably the material choice and the maximum allowable solid fraction and thickness, which necessitate development of new processing capabilities. In this paper, we discuss our strategy and work on fabrication of a tantalum oxide foam liner and its assembly into targets for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Finally, in particular, we discuss our approach to finding solutions to the uniquemore » challenges that come up in working with such low-density materials so as to be able establish a viable platform for production of cryogenic targets for NIF with foam-lined hohlraums.« less

  7. Aging of clean foams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weon, Byung Mook; Stewart, Peter S.

    2014-11-01

    Aging is an inevitable process in living systems. Here we show how clean foams age with time through sequential coalescence events: in particular, foam aging resembles biological aging. We measure population dynamics of bubbles in clean foams through numerical simulations with a bubble network model. We demonstrate that death rates of individual bubbles increase exponentially with time, independent on initial conditions, which is consistent with the Gompertz mortality law as usually found in biological aging. This consistency suggests that clean foams as far-from-equilibrium dissipative systems are useful to explore biological aging. This work (NRF-2013R1A22A04008115) was supported by Mid-career Researcher Program through NRF grant funded by the MEST.

  8. Attenuation of blast pressure behind ballistic protective vests.

    PubMed

    Wood, Garrett W; Panzer, Matthew B; Shridharani, Jay K; Matthews, Kyle A; Capehart, Bruce P; Myers, Barry S; Bass, Cameron R

    2013-02-01

    Clinical studies increasingly report brain injury and not pulmonary injury following blast exposures, despite the increased frequency of exposure to explosive devices. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of personal body armour use on the potential for primary blast injury and to determine the risk of brain and pulmonary injury following a blast and its impact on the clinical care of patients with a history of blast exposure. A shock tube was used to generate blast overpressures on soft ballistic protective vests (NIJ Level-2) and hard protective vests (NIJ Level-4) while overpressure was recorded behind the vest. Both types of vest were found to significantly decrease pulmonary injury risk following a blast for a wide range of conditions. At the highest tested blast overpressure, the soft vest decreased the behind armour overpressure by a factor of 14.2, and the hard vest decreased behind armour overpressure by a factor of 56.8. Addition of body armour increased the 50th percentile pulmonary death tolerance of both vests to higher levels than the 50th percentile for brain injury. These results suggest that ballistic protective body armour vests, especially hard body armour plates, provide substantial chest protection in primary blasts and explain the increased frequency of head injuries, without the presence of pulmonary injuries, in protected subjects reporting a history of blast exposure. These results suggest increased clinical suspicion for mild to severe brain injury is warranted in persons wearing body armour exposed to a blast with or without pulmonary injury.

  9. Medical vest broadens treatment capability

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Johnson, G. S.

    1970-01-01

    Universal sized vest, with specially tailored pockets designed to hold medical supplies, provides first aid/first care medical teams with broadened on-site capability. Vest is made of nylon, tough fibrous materials, and polyvinyl chloride. Design facilitates rapid donning, doffing, and adjustment.

  10. Foam-assisted delivery of nanoscale zero valent iron in porous media

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ding, Yuanzhao; Liu, Bo; Shen, Xin

    2013-09-01

    Foam is potentially a promising vehicle to deliver nanoparticles for vadose zone remediation as foam can overcome the intrinsic problems associated with solution-based delivery, such as preferential flow and contaminant mobilization. In this work, the feasibility of using foam to deliver nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) in unsaturated porous media was investigated. Foams generated using surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) showed excellent ability to carry nZVI. SLES and nZVI concentrations in the foaming solutions did not affect the percentages of nZVI concentrations in foams relative to nZVI concentrations in the solutions. When foams carrying nZVI were injected through themore » unsaturated columns, the fractions of nZVI exiting the column were much higher than those when nZVI was injected in liquid. The enhanced nZVI transport implies that foam delivery could significantly increase the radius of influence of injected nZVI. The type and concentrations of surfactants and the influent nZVI concentrations did not noticeably affect nZVI transport during foam delivery. In contrast, nZVI retention increased considerably as the grain size of porous media decreased. Oxidation of foam-delivered nZVI due to oxygen diffusion into unsaturated porous media was visually examined using a flow cell. It was demonstrated that if foams are injected to cover a deep vadose zone layer, oxidation would only cause a small fraction of foam-delivered nZVI to be oxidized before it reacts with contaminants.« less

  11. The Integrated Landscape Modeling partnership - Current status and future directions

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Mushet, David M.; Scherff, Eric J.

    2016-01-28

    The Integrated Landscape Modeling (ILM) partnership is an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to identify, evaluate, and develop models to quantify services derived from ecosystems, with a focus on wetland ecosystems and conservation effects. The ILM partnership uses the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) modeling platform to facilitate regional quantifications of ecosystem services under various scenarios of land-cover change that are representative of differing conservation program and practice implementation scenarios. To date, the ILM InVEST partnership has resulted in capabilities to quantify carbon stores, amphibian habitat, plant-community diversity, and pollination services. Work to include waterfowl and grassland bird habitat quality is in progress. Initial InVEST modeling has been focused on the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States; future efforts might encompass other regions as data availability and knowledge increase as to how functions affecting ecosystem services differ among regions.The ILM partnership is also developing the capability for field-scale process-based modeling of depressional wetland ecosystems using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental Extender (APEX) model. Progress was made towards the development of techniques to use the APEX model for closed-basin depressional wetlands of the PPR, in addition to the open systems that the model was originally designed to simulate. The ILM partnership has matured to the stage where effects of conservation programs and practices on multiple ecosystem services can now be simulated in selected areas. Future work might include the continued development of modeling capabilities, as well as development and evaluation of differing conservation program and practice scenarios of interest to partner agencies including the USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). When combined, the ecosystem services modeling capabilities of InVEST and the process-based abilities of the APEX model should provide complementary information needed to meet USDA and the Department of the Interior information needs.

  12. Comparison of Air Shower and Vest Auxiliary Cooling during Simulated Tank Operations in the Heat

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-04-01

    would suggest that the crews’ thermal comfort was greater during vest auxiliary cooling. Despite the fact that the environmental conditions were...effective use of the turbine bleed air than is provided by an air shower. The vest approach seems to improve the thermal comfort of these tank crew members...in an environment which normally would be thermally stressful. This improved thermal comfort from vest cooling is probably associated with the reduced

  13. Pneumocranium secondary to halo vest pin penetration through an enlarged frontal sinus.

    PubMed

    Cheong, Min Lee; Chan, Chris Yin Wei; Saw, Lim Beng; Kwan, Mun Keong

    2009-07-01

    We present a case report of a patient with pneumocranium secondary to halo vest pin penetration and a review of literature. The objectives of this study are to report a rare complication of halo vest pin insertion and to discuss methods of prevention of this complication. Halo vest orthosis is a commonly used and well-tolerated upper cervical spinal stabilizing device. Reports of complications related to pin penetration is rare and from our review, there has been no reports of pneumocranium occurring from insertion of pins following standard anatomical landmarks. A 57-year-old male sustained a type 1 traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2/C3 following a motor vehicle accident. During application of the halo vest, penetration of the left anterior pin through the abnormally enlarged frontal sinus occurred. The patient developed headache, vomiting and CSF rhinorrhoea over his left nostril. He was treated with intravenous Ceftriaxone for 1 week. This resulted in resolution of his symptoms as well as the pneumocranium. In conclusion, complications of halo vest pin penetration are rare and need immediate recognition. Despite the use of anatomical landmarks, pin penetration is still possible due to aberrant anatomy. All patients should have a skull X-ray with a radio-opaque marker done prior to placement of the halo vest pins and halo vest pins have to be inserted by experienced personnel to enable early detection of pin penetration.

  14. Stabilizing properties of the halo apparatus.

    PubMed

    Mirza, S K; Moquin, R R; Anderson, P A; Tencer, A F; Steinmann, J; Varnau, D

    1997-04-01

    A cadaveric cervical spine specimen fixed between a fiberglass torso and a plastic skull was used as a model to determine the effect of halo structural parameters on motion at a lesion simulated at C5-C6. In a second part, nine commercially available halo devices were compared. To define the contributions of the various components of the halo apparatus to reducing motion in an injured cervical spine and to compare the stability offered by a sample of commercially available halo devices. Controversy exists concerning the ability of the halo apparatus to stabilize the injured cervical spine. The halo apparatus has been shown to be the most effective nonsurgical method for stabilizing the fractured spine. Nonetheless, several clinical studies have demonstrated that unacceptably large motions can occur at the injured spinal segment stabilized with a halo apparatus. Each cadaveric cervical spine was mounted onto a fiberglass torso and a rigid plastic skull was attached to the base of the occiput. A posterior ligamentous lesion was created between C5 and C6. The halo ring was fitted to the skull and a vest to the torso. Loads were applied to the skull in flexion, extension, and lateral bending, and relative angulation between C5 and C6 was measured with electroinclinometers. In the first part, the effect of parameters such as vest tightness, vest-thorax friction, vest deformation, and connecting bar rigidity on spinal angulation were measured using one vest. In the second part, the stability offered by each of nine commercially available halo devices was compared. Increasing chest strap tightness and decreasing vest deformation reduced angulation at the spinal lesion. Once connecting bar joints were tightened to 25% of their recommended torque, increased tightening or adding additional bars had no effect on rigidity. Although specific vests permitted significantly greater motion in specific directions, no vest allowed greater angulation consistently in all loading planes. Increasing vest tightness, decreasing the deformability of the vest, and ensuring a good fit can reduce motion in the fractured spine. Most commercially available halo vests provide similar mechanical stability to the injured cervical spine.

  15. Development of Defoamers for Confinenment Foam

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hoffman, D M; Mitchell, A R

    Aqueous foam concentrate (AFC) 380 foam was developed by Sandia National Laboratory as a blast mitigation foam for unexploded ordnance (UXO) and its ''engineered foam structure'' is reported to be able to ''envelop chemical or biological aerosols'' [1]. It is similar to commercial fire-fighting foams, consisting mostly of water with small amounts of two alcohols, an ether and surfactant. It also contains xanthan gum, probably, to strengthen the foam film and delay drainage. The concentrate is normally diluted in a 6:94 ratio with water for foaming applications. The diluted solution is normally foamed with air to an expansion factor ofmore » about 100 (density 0.01 g/cc), which is called ''dry'' foam. Higher density foam (0.18 > {rho} > 0.03 g/cc) was discovered which had quite different characteristics from ''dry'' foam and was called ''wet'' foam. Some characterization of these foams has also been carried out, but the major effort described in this document is the evaluation, at the small and medium scale, of chemical, mechanical and thermal approaches to defoaming AFC 380 foam. Several chemical approaches to defoaming were evaluated including oxidation and precipitation of the xanthan, use of commercial oil-emulsion or suspension defoamers, pH modification, and cation exchange with the surfactant. Of these the commercial defoamers were most effective. Two mechanical approaches to defoaming were evaluated: pressure and foam rupture with very fine particles. Pressure and vacuum techniques were considered too difficult for field applications but high surface area silica particles worked very well on dry foam. Finally simple thermal techniques were evaluated. An order-disorder transition occurs in xanthan solutions at about 60 C, which may be responsible for the effectiveness of hot air as a defoamer. During defoaming of 55 gallons of foam with hot air, after about 70% of the AFC 380 foam had been defoamed, the effectiveness of hot air was dramatically reduced. Approximately 15 gal of residual foam containing mostly small bubbles was resistant to further defoaming by methods that had been effective on the original, dry foam. In this paper the residual foam is referred to as ''wet'' and the original foam is referred to as ''dry''. Methods for generating ''wet'' foam in small to moderate quantities for defoaming experiments have been developed. Methods for defoaming wet foam are currently under study.« less

  16. Transient foam flow in porous media with CAT Scanner

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liu, Dianbin; Brigham, W.E.

    1992-03-01

    Transient behavior is likely to dominate over most of the duration of a foam injection field project. Due to the lack of date, little is presently known about transient foam flow behavior. Foam flow does not follow established models such as the Buckley-Leverett theory, and no general predictive model has been derived. Therefore, both experimental data and a foam flow theory are needed. In this work, foam was injected at a constant mass rate into one-dimensional sandpacks of 1-in diameter and 24-in or 48-in length that had initially been saturate with distilled water. The system was placed in a catmore » Scanner. Data, obtained at room temperature and low pressure at various times, include both the pressure and saturation distributions. Pressure profiles showed that the pressure gradient is much greater behind the foam front than ahead of it. Moreover, the pressure gradients keep changing as the foam advances in the sandpack. This behavior differs from Buckley-Leverett theory. The CT scan results demonstrated gas channeling near the front, but eventually the foam block all these channels and sweeps the entire cross section after many pore volumes of injection. Three series of experiments were run: (1) surfactant adsorption measurements; (2) gas displacements of surfactant-laden solutions and (3) foam displacements. The first two series of experiments were made to provide the necessary parameters required to match the foam displacements. To this end, it was necessary to smooth the saturation history data, using a Langmuir-type formula. A theory was proposed based on the principles of the fractional flow curve construction method. This foam theory treats the foam as composed of infinitesimal slugs of gas of varying viscosities. The foam front has the lowest viscosity and foam at the injection end has the highest.« less

  17. Nickel foam-supported polyaniline cathode prepared with electrophoresis for improvement of rechargeable Zn battery performance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xia, Yang; Zhu, Derong; Si, Shihui; Li, Degeng; Wu, Sen

    2015-06-01

    Porous nickel foam is used as a substrate for the development of rechargeable zinc//polyaniline battery, and the cathode electrophoresis of PANI microparticles in non-aqueous solution is applied to the fabrication of Ni foam supported PANI electrode, in which the corrosion of the nickel foam substrate is prohibited. The Ni foam supported PANI cathode with high loading is prepared by PANI electrophoretic deposition, and followed by PANI slurry casting under vacuum filtration. The electrochemical charge storage performance for PANI material is significantly improved by using nickel foam substrate via the electrophoretic interlayer. The specific capacity of the nickel foam-PANI electrode with the electrophoretic layer is higher than the composite electrode without the electrophoretic layer, and the specific capacity of PANI supported by Ni foam reaches up to 183.28 mAh g-1 at the working current of 2.5 mA cm-2. The present electrophoresis deposition method plays the facile procedure for the immobilization of PANI microparticles onto the surface of non-platinum metals, and it becomes feasible to the use of the Ni foam supported PANI composite cathode for the Zn/PANI battery in weak acidic electrolyte.

  18. Amaranth proteins foaming properties: Film rheology and foam stability - Part 2.

    PubMed

    Bolontrade, Agustín J; Scilingo, Adriana A; Añón, María C

    2016-05-01

    In this work the influence of pH and ionic strength on the stability of foams prepared with amaranth protein isolate was analyzed. The behaviour observed was related to the physico-chemical and structural changes undergone by amaranth protein as a result of those treatments. The results obtained show that foams prepared at acidic pH were more stable than the corresponding to alkaline pH. At pH 2.0 the foams presented higher times and more volumes of drainage. This behaviour is consistent with the characteristics of the interfacial film, which showed a higher viscoelasticity and a greater flexibility at acidic pH than alkaline pH value, which in turn increased by increasing the concentration of proteins in the foaming solution. It is also important to note that the presence of insoluble protein is not necessarily detrimental to the properties of the foam. Detected changes in the characteristics of the interfacial film as in the foam stability have been attributed to the increased unfolding, greater flexibility and net charge of amaranth proteins at acidic conditions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Preliminary study of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) as secondary gelling agent in natural rubber (NR) latex foam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Norhazariah, S.; Azura, A. R.; Azahari, B.; Sivakumar, R.

    2017-12-01

    Semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) product is considerably cheaper and easier to produce as a natural polysaccharide, which was utilized in food and other product application. However, the application in latex is limited. The aim of this work is to evaluate the SRC produced from low industrial grade seaweed (LIGS) in the latex foam application. The FTIR spectra showed the SRC produced as kappa type carrageenan with lower sulfur content compared to native LIGS. NR latex foam is produced by using the Dunlop method with some modifications. The effect of SRC loading as a secondary gelling agent in NR latex foam is investigated. The density and morphology of the NR latex foam with the addition of the SRC are analyzed. NR latex foam density increased with SRC loading and peaked at 1.8 phr SRC. The addition of SRC has induced the bigger cell size compared to the cell size of the control NR latex foam, as shown in the optical micrograph. It can be concluded that SRC LIGS could be acted as secondary gelling agent in NR latex foam.

  20. Ag Nanoparticles-Modified 3D Graphene Foam for Binder-Free Electrodes of Electrochemical Sensors.

    PubMed

    Han, Tao; Jin, Jianli; Wang, Congxu; Sun, Youyi; Zhang, Yinghe; Liu, Yaqing

    2017-02-16

    Ag nanoparticles-modified 3D graphene foam was synthesized through a one-step in-situ approach and then directly applied as the electrode of an electrochemical sensor. The composite foam electrode exhibited electrocatalytic activity towards Hg(II) oxidation with high limit of detection and sensitivity of 0.11 μM and 8.0 μA/μM, respectively. Moreover, the composite foam electrode for the sensor exhibited high cycling stability, long-term durability and reproducibility. These results were attributed to the unique porous structure of the composite foam electrode, which enabled the surface of Ag nanoparticles modified reduced graphene oxide (Ag NPs modified rGO) foam to become highly accessible to the metal ion and provided more void volume for the reaction with metal ion. This work not only proved that the composite foam has great potential application in heavy metal ions sensors, but also provided a facile method of gram scale synthesis 3D electrode materials based on rGO foam and other electrical active materials for various applications.

  1. Ag Nanoparticles-Modified 3D Graphene Foam for Binder-Free Electrodes of Electrochemical Sensors

    PubMed Central

    Han, Tao; Jin, Jianli; Wang, Congxu; Sun, Youyi; Zhang, Yinghe; Liu, Yaqing

    2017-01-01

    Ag nanoparticles-modified 3D graphene foam was synthesized through a one-step in-situ approach and then directly applied as the electrode of an electrochemical sensor. The composite foam electrode exhibited electrocatalytic activity towards Hg(II) oxidation with high limit of detection and sensitivity of 0.11 µM and 8.0 µA/µM, respectively. Moreover, the composite foam electrode for the sensor exhibited high cycling stability, long-term durability and reproducibility. These results were attributed to the unique porous structure of the composite foam electrode, which enabled the surface of Ag nanoparticles modified reduced graphene oxide (Ag NPs modified rGO) foam to become highly accessible to the metal ion and provided more void volume for the reaction with metal ion. This work not only proved that the composite foam has great potential application in heavy metal ions sensors, but also provided a facile method of gram scale synthesis 3D electrode materials based on rGO foam and other electrical active materials for various applications. PMID:28336878

  2. Microstructure based model for sound absorption predictions of perforated closed-cell metallic foams.

    PubMed

    Chevillotte, Fabien; Perrot, Camille; Panneton, Raymond

    2010-10-01

    Closed-cell metallic foams are known for their rigidity, lightness, thermal conductivity as well as their low production cost compared to open-cell metallic foams. However, they are also poor sound absorbers. Similarly to a rigid solid, a method to enhance their sound absorption is to perforate them. This method has shown good preliminary results but has not yet been analyzed from a microstructure point of view. The objective of this work is to better understand how perforations interact with closed-cell foam microstructure and how it modifies the sound absorption of the foam. A simple two-dimensional microstructural model of the perforated closed-cell metallic foam is presented and numerically solved. A rough three-dimensional conversion of the two-dimensional results is proposed. The results obtained with the calculation method show that the perforated closed-cell foam behaves similarly to a perforated solid; however, its sound absorption is modulated by the foam microstructure, and most particularly by the diameters of both perforation and pore. A comparison with measurements demonstrates that the proposed calculation method yields realistic trends. Some design guides are also proposed.

  3. Results from the MARBLE Campaign on the National Ignition Facility: Implosion of Foam-Filled Capsules for Studying Thermonuclear Burn in the Presence of Heterogeneous Mix

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murphy, T. J.; Douglas, M. R.; Cardenas, T.; Devolder, B. G.; Fincke, J. R.; Gunderson, M. A.; Haines, B. M.; Hamilton, C. E.; Kim, Y. H.; Lee, M. N.; Oertel, J. A.; Olson, R. E.; Randolph, R. B.; Shah, R. C.; Smidt, J. M.

    2016-10-01

    The MARBLE campaign on NIF investigates the effect of heterogeneous mix on thermonuclear burn for comparison to a probability distribution function (PDF) burn model. MARBLE utilizes plastic capsules filled with deuterated plastic foam and tritium gas. The ratio of DT to DD neutron yield is indicative of the degree to which the foam and the gas atomically mix. Platform development experiments have been performed to understand the behavior of the foam and of the gas separately using two types of capsule. The first uses partially deuterated foam and hydrogen gas fill to understand the burn in the foam. The second uses undeuterated foam and deuterium gas fill to understand the dynamics of the gas. Experiments using deuterated foam and tritium gas are planned. Results of these experiments, and the implications for our understanding of thermonuclear burn in heterogeneously mixed separated reactant experiments will be discussed. This work is supported by US DOE/NNSA, performed at LANL, operated by LANS LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.

  4. Stabilization of SiO2 nanoparticle foam system and evaluation of its performance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Chong; Fan, Zhenzhong; Liu, Qingwang; Wang, Jigang; Xu, Jianjun

    2017-05-01

    As tertiary recovery is applied in the oil field, foam flooding technology plays an important role in the oil field. Steam flooding is easy to generate a series of problems such as excessive pressure, gas channelling, heat loss ect. The foam flooding can be better used in the formation of plugging and profile control. However, the foam is not stabilizing in thermodynamics and breaks easily while it encounters oil. So the emphasis of the research is how to make the foam stable. The Warning Blender method is used to evaluate the foam In the course of experiment, which verifies that the modified Nano SiO2 solid not only works very well in coordination with SDS solution but also contributes to the generation of stable foam in solution. The optimum concentration of SDS is determined by 0.5%, and the best concentration is 1.4% of H20 type SiO2 particles that the concentration is 79.26°. Finally, the 0.5%SDS+1.4%H2O type SiO2 is chosen as the complete foam flooding system, and the performance of salt tolerance and oil displacement of composite foam system is evaluated. It is concluded that the stability of foam is the key to improve the oil recovery.

  5. Effect of free distribution of safety equipment on usage among motorcycle-taxi drivers in Tanzania--A cluster randomised controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Sumner, Steven A; Pallangyo, Anthony J; Reddy, Elizabeth A; Maro, Venance; Pence, Brian W; Lynch, Catherine; Turner, Elizabeth L; Egger, Joseph R; Thielman, Nathan M

    2014-11-01

    Deaths due to road traffic injuries, particularly motorcycle crashes, have increased rapidly in many African nations and context-specific strategies to improve preventative behaviours are needed. Although adhering to conspicuity measures by wearing reflective safety vests is a highly effective crash prevention strategy and mandated by law among motorcycle-taxi drivers in some African countries, actual use is currently low. We aimed to test whether eliminating cost-barriers through the provision of free reflective, fluorescent motorcycle safety vests would lead to increased utilisation among a high-risk population of motorcycle-taxi drivers in Tanzania. A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted among 180 motorcycle-taxi drivers. Participants randomised to the intervention arm (90) received free, reflective, fluorescent vests; participants randomised to the control arm (90) did not receive free vests. Participants' use of reflective vests was then observed on city streets over a three month period and differential uptake was estimated using mixed-effects logistic regression. Baseline use of reflective vests was 3.3% in both arms. Seventy-nine drivers in the intervention arm and 82 drivers in the control arm were observed during follow-up. The average proportion of observations during which motorcycle drivers were using a reflective vest was 9.5% in the intervention arm, compared to 2.0% in the control arm (odds ratio: 5.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-26.9, p-value: 0.04). Although distribution of free reflective vests led to a statistically significant increase in vest usage, the absolute increase was modest. Additional strategies beyond removing economic barriers are important to augment adherence to road safety behaviours for injury prevention. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Evaluation of load carriage systems used by active duty police officers: Relative effects on walking patterns and perceived comfort.

    PubMed

    Ramstrand, Nerrolyn; Zügner, Roland; Larsen, Louise Bæk; Tranberg, Roy

    2016-03-01

    This study aimed to examine the effects of two different load carriage systems on gait kinematics, temporospatial gait parameters and self-reported comfort in Swedish police. 21 active duty police officers were recruited for this crossover study design. Biomechanical and self-report data was collected on two testing occasions. On occasion 1, three dimensional kinematic data was collected while police wore a/no equipment (control), b/their standard issues belt and ballistic protection vest and c/a load bearing vest with ballistic protection vest. Police then wore the load bearing vest for a minimum of 3 months before the second testing occasion. The load bearing vest was associated with a significant reduction in range of motion of the trunk, pelvis and hip joints. Biomechanical changes associated with the load bearing vest appeared to reduce with increased wear time. In both the standard issue belt condition and the load bearing vest condition, police walked with the arms held in a significantly greater degree of abduction. Self-report data indicated a preference for the load bearing vest. The two load carriage designs tested in this study were found to significantly alter gait kinematics. The load bearing vest design was associated with the greatest number of kinematic compensations however these reduced over time as police became more accustomed to the design. Results from this study do not support selection of one load carriage design over the other and providing individuals with the option to choose a load carriage design is considered appropriate. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

  7. Modifying the morphology and properties of aligned CNT foams through secondary CNT growth

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Faraji, Shaghayegh; Stano, Kelly; Akyildiz, Halil; Yildiz, Ozkan; Jur, Jesse S.; Bradford, Philip D.

    2018-07-01

    In this work, we report for the first time, growth of secondary carbon nanotubes (CNTs) throughout a three-dimensional assembly of CNTs. The assembly of nanotubes was in the form of aligned CNT/carbon (ACNT/C) foams. These low-density CNT foams were conformally coated with an alumina buffer layer using atomic layer deposition. Chemical vapor deposition was further used to grow new CNTs. The CNT foam’s extremely high porosity allowed for growth of secondary CNTs inside the bulk of the foams. Due to the heavy growth of new nanotubes, density of the foams increased more than 2.5 times. Secondary nanotubes had the same graphitic quality as the primary CNTs. Microscopy and chemical analysis revealed that the thickness of the buffer layer affected the diameter, nucleation density as well as growth uniformity across the thickness of the foams. The effects of secondary nanotubes on the compressive mechanical properties of the foams was also investigated.

  8. Functional Performances of CuZnAl Shape Memory Alloy Open-Cell Foams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Biffi, C. A.; Casati, R.; Bassani, P.; Tuissi, A.

    2018-01-01

    Shape memory alloys (SMAs) with cellular structure offer a unique mixture of thermo-physical-mechanical properties. These characteristics can be tuned by changing the pore size and make the shape memory metallic foams very attractive for developing new devices for structural and functional applications. In this work, CuZnAl SMA foams were produced through the liquid infiltration of space holder method. In comparison, a conventional CuZn brass alloy was foamed trough the same method. Functional performances were studied on both bulk and foamed SMA specimens. Calorimetric response shows similar martensitic transformation (MT) below 0 °C. Compressive response of CuZnAl revealed that mechanical behavior is strongly affected by sample morphology and that damping capacity of metallic foam is increased above the MT temperatures. The shape memory effect was detected in the CuZnAl foams. The conventional brass shows a compressive response similar to that of the martensitic CuZnAl, in which plastic deformation accumulation occurs up to the cellular structure densification after few thermal cycles.

  9. Capillary rise of oil in an aqueous foam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Piroird, Keyvan; Lorenceau, Élise

    2012-11-01

    Oil is usually known as an anti-foaming agent. Yet, it has been shown that oil droplets present in the foaming solution can have the opposite effect and stabilize a foam when unable to cross the air/water interface. In these previous studies, oil is first emulsified and then mixed with air to generate a foam. In this work, we report experiments where an aqueous foam is put in direct contact with a large oil drop. With the appropriate choice of oil and surfactants, oil spontaneously invades the liquid network of the foam without damaging it. We study the dynamics of penetration at the scale of a single Plateau border, that acts as a ``liquid capillary tube'' in which oil flows in an unbroken stream. At the end of the experiment, a long and stable cylinder of oil is formed in the Plateau border. This cylinder breaks up into droplets when, following a rearrangement, oil is transferred from the Plateau border to a soap film.

  10. Sensitivity analysis of ecosystem service valuation in a Mediterranean watershed.

    PubMed

    Sánchez-Canales, María; López Benito, Alfredo; Passuello, Ana; Terrado, Marta; Ziv, Guy; Acuña, Vicenç; Schuhmacher, Marta; Elorza, F Javier

    2012-12-01

    The services of natural ecosystems are clearly very important to our societies. In the last years, efforts to conserve and value ecosystem services have been fomented. By way of illustration, the Natural Capital Project integrates ecosystem services into everyday decision making around the world. This project has developed InVEST (a system for Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs). The InVEST model is a spatially integrated modelling tool that allows us to predict changes in ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation and commodity production levels. Here, InVEST model is applied to a stakeholder-defined scenario of land-use/land-cover change in a Mediterranean region basin (the Llobregat basin, Catalonia, Spain). Of all InVEST modules and sub-modules, only the behaviour of the water provisioning one is investigated in this article. The main novel aspect of this work is the sensitivity analysis (SA) carried out to the InVEST model in order to determine the variability of the model response when the values of three of its main coefficients: Z (seasonal precipitation distribution), prec (annual precipitation) and eto (annual evapotranspiration), change. The SA technique used here is a One-At-a-Time (OAT) screening method known as Morris method, applied over each one of the one hundred and fifty four sub-watersheds in which the Llobregat River basin is divided. As a result, this method provides three sensitivity indices for each one of the sub-watersheds under consideration, which are mapped to study how they are spatially distributed. From their analysis, the study shows that, in the case under consideration and between the limits considered for each factor, the effect of the Z coefficient on the model response is negligible, while the other two need to be accurately determined in order to obtain precise output variables. The results of this study will be applicable to the others watersheds assessed in the Consolider Scarce Project. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. High Temperature Structural Foam

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Weiser, Erik S.; Baillif, Faye F.; Grimsley, Brian W.; Marchello, Joseph M.

    1997-01-01

    The Aerospace Industry is experiencing growing demand for high performance polymer foam. The X-33 program needs structural foam insulation capable of retaining its strength over a wide range of environmental conditions. The High Speed Research Program has a need for low density core splice and potting materials. This paper reviews the state of the art in foam materials and describes experimental work to fabricate low density, high shear strength foam which can withstand temperatures from -220 C to 220 C. Commercially available polymer foams exhibit a wide range of physical properties. Some with densities as low as 0.066 g/cc are capable of co-curing at temperatures as high as 182 C. Rohacell foams can be resin transfer molded at temperatures up to 180 C. They have moduli of elasticity of 0.19 MPa, tensile strengths of 3.7 Mpa and compressive strengths of 3.6 MPa. The Rohacell foams cannot withstand liquid hydrogen temperatures, however Imi-Tech markets Solimide (trademark) foams which withstand temperatures from -250 C to 200 C, but they do not have the required structural integrity. The research activity at NASA Langley Research Center focuses on using chemical blowing agents to produce polyimide thermoplastic foams capable of meeting the above performance requirements. The combination of blowing agents that decompose at the minimum melt viscosity temperature together with plasticizers to lower the viscosity has been used to produce foams by both extrusion and oven heating. The foams produced exhibit good environmental stability while maintaining structural properties.

  12. 75 FR 13575 - Agency Information Collection Activities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-22

    ... approved collection; Bulletproof Vest Partnership. The Department of Justice (DOJ), Office of Justice... Collection: Extension of a currently approved collection. (2) Title of the Form/Collection: Bulletproof Vest... Bulletproof Vest Partnership (BVP) Program. The purpose of this program is to help protect the lives of law...

  13. A printed, dry electrode Frank configuration vest for ambulatory vectorcardiographic monitoring

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paul, Gordon; Torah, Russel; Beeby, Steve; Tudor, John

    2017-02-01

    This paper describes the design and fabrication of a screen printed network of bio-potential measurement electrodes on a garment, in this case a vest. The electrodes are placed according to the Frank configuration, which allows monitoring of the electrical behavior of the heart in three spatial orientations. The vest is designed to provide stable contact pressure on the electrodes. The electrodes are fabricated from stencil printed carbon loaded rubber and are connected by screen printed silver polymer conductive tracks to an array of vias, which form an electrical connection to the other side of the textile. The vest is tested and compared to Frank configuration recordings that were obtained using standard self-adhesive ECG electrodes. The vest was successfully used to obtain Frank configuration recordings with minimal baseline drift. The vest is fabricated using only technologies found in standard textile production lines and can be used with a reduced setup effort compared to clinical 12-lead examinations.

  14. 46 CFR 115.808 - Lifesaving.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) Inspection of each life jacket, work vest, and marine buoyant device; (3) If used, inspection of the... of each inflatable liferaft, inflatable buoyant apparatus, and inflatable life jacket to determine... managing operator shall destroy, in the presence of the marine inspector, each life jacket, other personal...

  15. Gamma-irradiated cross-linked LDPE foams: Characteristics and properties

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cardoso, E. C. L.; Scagliusi, S. R.; Parra, D. F.; Lugão, A. B.

    2013-03-01

    Foamed polymers are future materials, as they are increasingly considered "green materials" due to their interesting properties at very low consumption of raw materials. They can be used to improve appearance of insulation structures, thermal and acoustic insulation, core materials for sandwich panels, fabrication of furniture and flotation materials or to reduce costs involving materials. Low-density polyethylene is widely used because of its excellent properties, such as softness, elasticity, processibility and insulation. In general, cross-linking is often applied to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of polyethylene products, due to the formation of a three-dimensional network. In particular for the production of PE foams, cross-linking is applied prior the expansion to control bubble formation, cell characteristics and final properties of the foam. However, the usual production process of PE foams is a process in which a gaseous blowing agent is injected into a melted thermoplastic polymer, under pressure, to form a solution between blowing agent and melted polymer. An extrusion system is provided for foaming the polymer, supplied to an extruder and moving through a rotating screw. The pressure must be high enough to keep the gas blowing agent (or foaming agent) in the solution with the melt. The foaming agent is then diffused and dissolved in the molten material to form a single-phase solution. In the present work carbon dioxide was used as the bowing agent, a chemically stable and non-toxic gas, with good diffusion coefficient; gas pressure used varied within a 20-40 bar range. Some requirements for physical foaming are required, as low friction heat generation, homogeneous melt temperature distribution, melt temperature at die exit just above crystallization temperature (die) and high melt strength during expansion. This work studied foams properties gamma-irradiated within 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kGy, from a LDPE exhibiting 2.6 g/10 min Melt Index. Accomplished tests: DSC, gel-fraction, swelling ratio in various solvents, rheological measurements, infra-red spectroscopy and melt strength. It was verified that within a given radiation dose range; the material exhibited an optimization in viscoelastic properties, providing the desired melt strength range for obtaining foams.

  16. Cooling vests with phase change materials: the effects of melting temperature on heat strain alleviation in an extremely hot environment.

    PubMed

    Gao, Chuansi; Kuklane, Kalev; Holmér, Ingvar

    2011-06-01

    A previous study by the authors using a heated thermal manikin showed that the cooling rates of phase change material (PCM) are dependent on temperature gradient, mass, and covering area. The objective of this study was to investigate if the cooling effects of the temperature gradient observed on a thermal manikin could be validated on human subjects in extreme heat. The subjects wore cooling vests with PCMs at two melting temperatures (24 and 28°C) and fire-fighting clothing and equipment, thus forming three test groups (vest24, vest28 and control group without the vest). They walked on a treadmill at a speed of 5 km/h in a climatic chamber (air temperature = 55°C, relative humidity = 30%, vapour pressure = 4,725 Pa, and air velocity = 0.4 m/s). The results showed that the PCM vest with a lower melting temperature (24°C) has a stronger cooling effect on the torso and mean skin temperatures than that with a higher melting temperature (28°C). Both PCM vests mitigate peak core temperature increase during the resting recovery period. The two PCM vests tested, however, had no significant effect on the alleviation of core temperature increase during exercise in the heat. To study the possibility of effective cooling of core temperature, cooling garments with PCMs at even lower melting temperatures (e.g. 15°C) and a larger covering area should be investigated.

  17. Experimental Evaluation of Equivalent-Fluid Models for Melamine Foam

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Allen, Albert R.; Schiller, Noah H.

    2016-01-01

    Melamine foam is a soft porous material commonly used in noise control applications. Many models exist to represent porous materials at various levels of fidelity. This work focuses on rigid frame equivalent fluid models, which represent the foam as a fluid with a complex speed of sound and density. There are several empirical models available to determine these frequency dependent parameters based on an estimate of the material flow resistivity. Alternatively, these properties can be experimentally educed using an impedance tube setup. Since vibroacoustic models are generally sensitive to these properties, this paper assesses the accuracy of several empirical models relative to impedance tube measurements collected with melamine foam samples. Diffuse field sound absorption measurements collected using large test articles in a laboratory are also compared with absorption predictions determined using model-based and measured foam properties. Melamine foam slabs of various thicknesses are considered.

  18. Permeability studies on 3D Ni foam/graphene composites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Zhuxian; Chen, Hongmei; Wang, Nannan; Xia, Yongde; Zhu, Yanqiu

    2017-09-01

    This study investigates the permeability of new 3D Ni foam/graphene composites (Ni foam covered with graphene) using compressed air, Ar and N2 as the probe gases. The results show that the introduction of graphene on the surface of Ni foam via in situ chemical vapour deposition is not detrimental to the permeability of the composites; on the contrary, in some cases it improves permeability. A modified Ergun-type correlation has been proposed, which represents very well the permeability of the Ni foam/graphene composites, especially at flow rates higher than 0.3 m s-1. Further studies show that graphene also helps to improve the thermal conductivity of the composite. These results suggest that the graphene involvement will make the Ni foam/graphene composite a good candidate for potential applications such as filters or heat exchangers suitable for working under harsh conditions such as at high temperatures, in corrosive environments, etc.

  19. 46 CFR 160.047-6 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Kapok or Fibrous Glass, Adult and Child § 160.047-6 Marking. (a) Each buoyant vest must have the following information clearly... buoyant vests shall be sufficiently waterproof so that after 72 hours submergence in water, it will...

  20. 46 CFR 160.047-6 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Specification for a Buoyant Vest, Kapok or Fibrous Glass, Adult and Child § 160.047-6 Marking. (a) Each buoyant vest must have the following information clearly... buoyant vests shall be sufficiently waterproof so that after 72 hours submergence in water, it will...

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