Sample records for food commodities commodity

  1. 44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Food commodities. 206.151... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and... section, the Administrator may direct the Secretary of Agriculture to purchase food commodities in...

  2. 44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Food commodities. 206.151... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and... section, the Administrator may direct the Secretary of Agriculture to purchase food commodities in...

  3. 44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Food commodities. 206.151... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and... section, the Administrator may direct the Secretary of Agriculture to purchase food commodities in...

  4. 44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Food commodities. 206.151... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and... section, the Administrator may direct the Secretary of Agriculture to purchase food commodities in...

  5. Commonly Consumed Food Commodities

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Commonly consumed foods are those ingested for their nutrient properties. Food commodities can be either raw agricultural commodities or processed commodities, provided that they are the forms that are sold or distributed for human consumption. Learn more.

  6. Methodology and User Guide for the Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Databases: CSFII 1994-1996 and 1998; NHANES 1999-2000; WWEIA, NHANES 2001-2002

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The purpose for developing the Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database (FICRCD) is to convert foods consumed in the national dietary surveys, 1994-2002, to respective amounts of retail-level food commodities. Food commodities are defined as those available for purchase in retail store...

  7. Food commodity pipeline management in transitional settings: challenges and lessons learned from the first USAID food development program in South Sudan

    PubMed Central

    Tappis, Hannah; Doocy, Shannon; Amoako, Stephen

    2013-01-01

    ABSTRACT Despite decades of support for international food assistance programs by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Food for Peace, relatively little is known about the commodity pipeline and management issues these programs face in post-conflict and politically volatile settings. Based on an audit of the program's commodity tracking system and interviews with 13 key program staff, this case study documents the experiences of organizations implementing the first USAID-funded non-emergency (development) food assistance program approved for Sudan and South Sudan. Key challenges and lessons learned in this experience about food commodity procurement, transport, and management may help improve the design and implementation of future development food assistance programs in a variety of complex, food-insecure settings around the world. Specifically, expanding shipping routes in complex political situations may facilitate reliable and timely commodity delivery. In addition, greater flexibility to procure commodities locally, rather than shipping U.S.-procured commodities, may avoid unnecessary shipping delays and reduce costs. PMID:25276532

  8. School Meal Programs: More Systematic Development of Specifications Could Improve the Safety of Foods Purchased through USDA's Commodity Program. Report to the Ranking Member, Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives. GAO-11-376

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shames, Lisa

    2011-01-01

    Through its commodity program, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides commodity foods at no cost to schools taking part in the national school meals programs. Commodities include raw ground beef, cheese, poultry, and fresh produce. Like federal food safety agencies, the commodity program has taken steps designed to reduce microbial…

  9. 44 CFR 206.151 - Food commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Food commodities. 206.151 Section 206.151 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF... Food commodities. (a) The Administrator will assure that adequate stocks of food will be ready and...

  10. 77 FR 20353 - United States Warehouse Act; Export Food Aid Commodities Licensing Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-04

    ... States Warehouse Act; Export Food Aid Commodities Licensing Agreement AGENCY: Farm Service Agency, USDA... the new Export Food Aid Commodities (EFAC) licensing agreement offered by the Farm Service Agency (FSA.... This licensing agreement was developed in response to concerns of export food aid providers...

  11. 22 CFR 211.9 - Liability for loss damage or improper distribution of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... sponsors may add to the value any provable costs they have incurred prior to delivery by the ocean carrier... TRANSFER OF FOOD COMMODITIES FOR FOOD USE IN DISASTER RELIEF, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER ASSISTANCE... or damage to commodities. (See paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section.) (B) The value of commodities...

  12. 22 CFR 211.9 - Liability for loss damage or improper distribution of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... sponsors may add to the value any provable costs they have incurred prior to delivery by the ocean carrier... TRANSFER OF FOOD COMMODITIES FOR FOOD USE IN DISASTER RELIEF, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER ASSISTANCE... or damage to commodities. (See paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section.) (B) The value of commodities...

  13. 7 CFR 1421.5 - Eligible commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...)(1) To be an eligible commodity, the commodity must be merchantable for food, feed, or other uses... poisonous to humans or animals. A commodity containing vomitoxin, aflatoxin, or Aspergillus mold may not be...

  14. 7 CFR 1421.5 - Eligible commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...)(1) To be an eligible commodity, the commodity must be merchantable for food, feed, or other uses... poisonous to humans or animals. A commodity containing vomitoxin, aflatoxin, or Aspergillus mold may not be...

  15. 7 CFR 240.5 - Cash in lieu of donated foods for commodity schools.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cash in lieu of donated foods for commodity schools. 240.5 Section 240.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS CASH IN LIEU OF DONATED FOODS § 240.5 Cash in lieu of donated foods for commodity...

  16. Outbreak-associated Salmonella enterica Serotypes and Food Commodities, United States, 1998–2008

    PubMed Central

    Griffin, Patricia M.; Cole, Dana; Walsh, Kelly A.; Chai, Shua J.

    2013-01-01

    Salmonella enterica infections are transmitted not only by animal-derived foods but also by vegetables, fruits, and other plant products. To clarify links between Salmonella serotypes and specific foods, we examined the diversity and predominance of food commodities implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis during 1998–2008. More than 80% of outbreaks caused by serotypes Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Hadar were attributed to eggs or poultry, whereas >50% of outbreaks caused by serotypes Javiana, Litchfield, Mbandaka, Muenchen, Poona, and Senftenberg were attributed to plant commodities. Serotypes Typhimurium and Newport were associated with a wide variety of food commodities. Knowledge about these associations can help guide outbreak investigations and control measures. PMID:23876503

  17. A Comparative Cost Analysis of Commodity Foods from the U. S. Department of Agriculture in the National School Lunch Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peterson, Cora

    2009-01-01

    Schools that participate in the National School Lunch Program receive a portion of their federal funding as commodity foods rather than cash payments. This research compared the product costs and estimated total procurement costs of commodity and commercial foods from the school district perspective using data from 579 Minnesota ordering sites in…

  18. A Data Driven Network Approach to Rank Countries Production Diversity and Food Specialization

    PubMed Central

    Tu, Chengyi; Carr, Joel

    2016-01-01

    The easy access to large data sets has allowed for leveraging methodology in network physics and complexity science to disentangle patterns and processes directly from the data, leading to key insights in the behavior of systems. Here we use country specific food production data to study binary and weighted topological properties of the bipartite country-food production matrix. This country-food production matrix can be: 1) transformed into overlap matrices which embed information regarding shared production of products among countries, and or shared countries for individual products, 2) identify subsets of countries which produce similar commodities or subsets of commodities shared by a given country allowing for visualization of correlations in large networks, and 3) used to rank country fitness (the ability to produce a diverse array of products weighted on the type of food commodities) and food specialization (quantified on the number of countries producing a specific food product weighted on their fitness). Our results show that, on average, countries with high fitness produce both low and high specializion food commodities, whereas nations with low fitness tend to produce a small basket of diverse food products, typically comprised of low specializion food commodities. PMID:27832118

  19. A Data Driven Network Approach to Rank Countries Production Diversity and Food Specialization.

    PubMed

    Tu, Chengyi; Carr, Joel; Suweis, Samir

    2016-01-01

    The easy access to large data sets has allowed for leveraging methodology in network physics and complexity science to disentangle patterns and processes directly from the data, leading to key insights in the behavior of systems. Here we use country specific food production data to study binary and weighted topological properties of the bipartite country-food production matrix. This country-food production matrix can be: 1) transformed into overlap matrices which embed information regarding shared production of products among countries, and or shared countries for individual products, 2) identify subsets of countries which produce similar commodities or subsets of commodities shared by a given country allowing for visualization of correlations in large networks, and 3) used to rank country fitness (the ability to produce a diverse array of products weighted on the type of food commodities) and food specialization (quantified on the number of countries producing a specific food product weighted on their fitness). Our results show that, on average, countries with high fitness produce both low and high specializion food commodities, whereas nations with low fitness tend to produce a small basket of diverse food products, typically comprised of low specializion food commodities.

  20. What commodities and countries impact inequality in the global food system?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carr, Joel A.; D'Odorico, Paolo; Suweis, Samir; Seekell, David A.

    2016-09-01

    The global distribution of food production is unequal relative to the distribution of human populations. International trade can increase or decrease inequality in food availability, but little is known about how specific countries and commodities contribute to this redistribution. We present a method based on the Gini coefficient for evaluating the contributions of country and commodity specific trade to inequality in the global food system. We applied the method to global food production and trade data for the years 1986-2011 to identify the specific countries and commodities that contribute to increasing and decreasing inequality in global food availability relative to food production. Overall, international trade reduced inequality in food availability by 25%-33% relative to the distribution of food production, depending on the year. Across all years, about 58% of the total trade links acted to reduce inequality with ˜4% of the links providing 95% of the reduction in inequality. Exports from United States of America, Malaysia, Argentina, and Canada are particularly important in decreasing inequality. Specific commodities that reduce inequality when traded include cereals and vegetables. Some trade connections contribute to increasing inequality, but this effect is mostly concentrated within a small number of commodities including fruits, stimulants, and nuts. In terms of specific countries, exports from Slovenia, Oman, Singapore, and Germany act to increase overall inequality. Collectively, our analysis and results represent an opportunity for building an enhanced understanding of global-scale patterns in food availability.

  1. 7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

  2. 7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

  3. 7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

  4. 7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

  5. 7 CFR 247.28 - Storage and inventory of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.28 Storage and... must provide for storage of commodities that protects them from theft, spoilage, damage or destruction...

  6. Data Cubes Integration in Spatial OLAP for Agricultural Commodities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Putri, A. I.; Sitanggang, I. S.

    2017-03-01

    Ministry of Agriculture Indonesia collects data of agricultural commodities in Indonesia in the annual period. Agricultural commodities data include food crops, horticulture, plantations, and livestock. The data are available in the spreadsheet format. This study developed data cubes for food crops, plantations, and livestock using the galaxy schema of data warehouse and integrated the data cubes into the SOLAP Horticulture using SpagoBI. SOLAP is useful for data analysis and data visualization. The application displays agricultural commodities data in form of crosstab and chart. This study also developed the location intelligence module that visualizes agricultural commodities data on the map. The system was tested using the black box approach. The result showed that main functions including roll up, drill down, slice, dice, and pivot work properly. This application is expected to enable users to easily obtain data summaries of agricultural commodities.

  7. 7 CFR 251.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... following categories: (i) Emergency feeding organizations (including food banks, food pantries and soup... of food or edible commodities, or the products of food or edible commodities, to food pantries, soup... into an agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture under § 251.2(c). (j) Soup kitchen...

  8. 77 FR 6775 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request: Commodity...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-09

    ... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Food and Nutrition Service Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request: Commodity Supplemental Food Program, the Food Distribution Program on... Reports AGENCY: Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In accordance with the...

  9. 7 CFR 250.63 - Commodity Supplemental Food Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Commodity Supplemental Food Program. 250.63 Section 250.63 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION DONATION OF FOODS FOR USE IN THE...

  10. 7 CFR 250.63 - Commodity Supplemental Food Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Commodity Supplemental Food Program. 250.63 Section 250.63 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION DONATION OF FOODS FOR USE IN THE...

  11. 7 CFR 250.63 - Commodity Supplemental Food Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commodity Supplemental Food Program. 250.63 Section 250.63 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION DONATION OF FOODS FOR USE IN THE...

  12. 7 CFR 250.63 - Commodity Supplemental Food Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Commodity Supplemental Food Program. 250.63 Section 250.63 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION DONATION OF FOODS FOR USE IN THE...

  13. 7 CFR 250.63 - Commodity Supplemental Food Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Commodity Supplemental Food Program. 250.63 Section 250.63 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION DONATION OF FOODS FOR USE IN THE...

  14. 7 CFR 251.4 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... commodities only in quantities which can be utilized without waste in providing food assistance to needy... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 251.4...

  15. 7 CFR 251.4 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... commodities only in quantities which can be utilized without waste in providing food assistance to needy... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 251.4...

  16. 7 CFR 251.4 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... commodities only in quantities which can be utilized without waste in providing food assistance to needy... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 251.4...

  17. Food and Feed Commodity Vocabulary

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Food and Feed Vocabulary was developed to consolidate all the major OPP Commodity Vocabularies into one standardized vocabulary. The EPA-preferred term is the only term that can be used in setting tolerances.

  18. Regime shift in fertilizer commodities indicates more turbulence ahead for food security.

    PubMed

    Elser, James J; Elser, Timothy J; Carpenter, Stephen R; Brock, William A

    2014-01-01

    Recent human population increase has been enabled by a massive expansion of global agricultural production. A key component of this "Green Revolution" has been application of inorganic fertilizers to produce and maintain high crop yields. However, the long-term sustainability of these practices is unclear given the eutrophying effects of fertilizer runoff as well as the reliance of fertilizer production on finite non-renewable resources such as mined phosphate- and potassium-bearing rocks. Indeed, recent volatility in food and agricultural commodity prices, especially phosphate fertilizer, has raised concerns about emerging constraints on fertilizer production with consequences for its affordability in the developing world. We examined 30 years of monthly prices of fertilizer commodities (phosphate rock, urea, and potassium) for comparison with three food commodities (maize, wheat, and rice) and three non-agricultural commodities (gold, nickel, and petroleum). Here we show that all commodity prices, except gold, had significant change points between 2007-2009, but the fertilizer commodities, and especially phosphate rock, showed multiple symptoms of nonlinear critical transitions. In contrast to fertilizers and to rice, maize and wheat prices did not show significant signs of nonlinear dynamics. From these results we infer a recent emergence of a scarcity price in global fertilizer markets, a result signaling a new high price regime for these essential agricultural inputs. Such a regime will challenge on-going efforts to establish global food security but may also prompt fertilizer use practices and nutrient recovery strategies that reduce eutrophication.

  19. Regime Shift in Fertilizer Commodities Indicates More Turbulence Ahead for Food Security

    PubMed Central

    Elser, James J.; Elser, Timothy J.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Brock, William A.

    2014-01-01

    Recent human population increase has been enabled by a massive expansion of global agricultural production. A key component of this “Green Revolution” has been application of inorganic fertilizers to produce and maintain high crop yields. However, the long-term sustainability of these practices is unclear given the eutrophying effects of fertilizer runoff as well as the reliance of fertilizer production on finite non-renewable resources such as mined phosphate- and potassium-bearing rocks. Indeed, recent volatility in food and agricultural commodity prices, especially phosphate fertilizer, has raised concerns about emerging constraints on fertilizer production with consequences for its affordability in the developing world. We examined 30 years of monthly prices of fertilizer commodities (phosphate rock, urea, and potassium) for comparison with three food commodities (maize, wheat, and rice) and three non-agricultural commodities (gold, nickel, and petroleum). Here we show that all commodity prices, except gold, had significant change points between 2007–2009, but the fertilizer commodities, and especially phosphate rock, showed multiple symptoms of nonlinear critical transitions. In contrast to fertilizers and to rice, maize and wheat prices did not show significant signs of nonlinear dynamics. From these results we infer a recent emergence of a scarcity price in global fertilizer markets, a result signaling a new high price regime for these essential agricultural inputs. Such a regime will challenge on-going efforts to establish global food security but may also prompt fertilizer use practices and nutrient recovery strategies that reduce eutrophication. PMID:24787624

  20. 48 CFR 470.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... commodity or product produced in the United States cannot be readily distinguished from a commodity or product not produced in the United States. Department means the Department of Agriculture. Food and... organization means an organization which will receive commodities from the United States Agency for...

  1. 7 CFR 247.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.1 Definitions. Following is a list of... reached their sixth birthday. Commodities means nutritious foods purchased by USDA to supplement the diets...

  2. 7 CFR 247.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.1 Definitions. Following is a list of... reached their sixth birthday. Commodities means nutritious foods purchased by USDA to supplement the diets...

  3. 7 CFR 247.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.1 Definitions. Following is a list of... reached their sixth birthday. Commodities means nutritious foods purchased by USDA to supplement the diets...

  4. 7 CFR 247.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.1 Definitions. Following is a list of... reached their sixth birthday. Commodities means nutritious foods purchased by USDA to supplement the diets...

  5. 40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 200 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean..., in or on the commodities listed in the table below resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to...

  6. A review on aflatoxin contamination and its implications in the developing world: a sub-Saharan African perspective.

    PubMed

    Gnonlonfin, G J B; Hell, K; Adjovi, Y; Fandohan, P; Koudande, D O; Mensah, G A; Sanni, A; Brimer, L

    2013-01-01

    Mycotoxins contamination in some agricultural food commodities seriously impact human and animal health and reduce the commercial value of crops. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate agricultural commodities pre- or postharvest. Africa is one of the continents where environmental, agricultural and storage conditions of food commodities are conducive of Aspergillus fungi infection and aflatoxin biosynthesis. This paper reviews the commodity-wise aetiology and contamination process of aflatoxins and evaluates the potential risk of exposure from common African foods. Possible ways of reducing risk for fungal infection and aflatoxin development that are relevant to the African context. The presented database would be useful as benchmark information for development and prioritization of future research. There is need for more investigations on food quality and safety by making available advanced advanced equipments and analytical methods as well as surveillance and awareness creation in the region.

  7. 76 FR 7146 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request-Report of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-09

    ... Assistance Program (D-SNAP) benefits as well as the value of benefits issued. Commodity food distribution in... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Food and Nutrition Service Agency Information Collection Activities... and Report of Commodity Distribution for Disaster Relief AGENCY: Food and Nutrition Service, USDA...

  8. Current Status of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food Commodities in Zimbabwe.

    PubMed

    Nleya, Nancy; Adetunji, Modupeade Christianah; Mwanza, Mulunda

    2018-05-03

    Agricultural products, especially cereal grains, serve as staple foods in sub-Saharan Africa. However, climatic conditions in this region can lead to contamination of these commodities by moulds, with subsequent production of mycotoxins posing health risks to both humans and animals. There is limited documentation on the occurrence of mycotoxins in sub-Saharan African countries, leading to the exposure of their populations to a wide variety of mycotoxins through consumption of contaminated foods. This review aims at highlighting the current status of mycotoxin contamination of food products in Zimbabwe and recommended strategies of reducing this problem. Zimbabwe is one of the African countries with very little information with regards to mycotoxin contamination of its food commodities, both on the market and at household levels. Even though evidence of multitoxin occurrence in some food commodities such as maize and other staple foods exist, available published research focuses only on Aspergillus and Fusarium mycotoxins, namely aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone (ZEA). Occurrence of mycotoxins in the food chain has been mainly associated with poor agricultural practices. Analysis of mycotoxins has been done mainly using chromatographic and immunological methods. Zimbabwe has adopted European standards, but the legislation is quite flexible, with testing for mycotoxin contamination in food commodities being done voluntarily or upon request. Therefore, the country needs to tighten its legislation as well as adopt stricter standards that will improve the food safety and security of the masses.

  9. 40 CFR 180.449 - Avermectin B1 and its delta-8,9-isomer; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 0.10 Apple 0.020 Apple, wet....02 Food products in food handling establishments (other than those already covered by higher...

  10. 40 CFR 180.449 - Avermectin B1 and its delta-8,9-isomer; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 0.10 Apple 0.020 Apple, wet....02 Food products in food handling establishments (other than those already covered by higher...

  11. 7 CFR 240.5 - Cash in lieu of donated foods for commodity schools.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cash in lieu of donated foods for commodity schools. 240.5 Section 240.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS CASH IN LIEU OF DONATED FOODS § 240.5...

  12. Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Databases 2003-08: Methodology and User Guide

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The purpose for developing the Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Databases (FICRCD) 2003-08 is to convert foods consumed in What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA, NHANES) 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008 to respective amounts of retail-level fo...

  13. A Descriptive Analysis of Supply Factors and Prices for USDA Foods in the National School Lunch Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peterson, Cora

    2010-01-01

    Purpose/Objectives: Schools that participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) receive a portion of their annual federal funding as commodity entitlement foods--now called USDA Foods--rather than cash payments. Due to rising food prices in recent years, it has been recommended that schools compare the costs and benefits of commodity and…

  14. 7 CFR 1599.10 - Claims for damage to or loss of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. 1599.10... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE McGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAM § 1599.10 Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. (a) FAS will be responsible for claims...

  15. 7 CFR 1599.10 - Claims for damage to or loss of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. 1599.10... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE McGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAM § 1599.10 Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. (a) FAS will be responsible for claims...

  16. 7 CFR 1599.10 - Claims for damage to or loss of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. 1599.10... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE McGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAM § 1599.10 Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. (a) FAS will be responsible for claims...

  17. 7 CFR 1599.10 - Claims for damage to or loss of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. 1599.10... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE McGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAM § 1599.10 Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. (a) FAS will be responsible for claims...

  18. 7 CFR 1599.10 - Claims for damage to or loss of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. 1599.10... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE McGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAM § 1599.10 Claims for damage to or loss of commodities. (a) FAS will be responsible for claims...

  19. Commodity Agriculture, Civic Agriculture and the Future of U.S. Farming

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lyson, Thomas A.; Guptill, Amy

    2004-01-01

    Commodity agriculture and civic agriculture represent two distinct types of farming found in the U.S. today. Commodity agriculture is grounded on the belief that the primary objectives of farming should be to produce as much food/fiber as possible for the least cost. It is driven by the twin goals of productivity and efficiency. Civic…

  20. 7 CFR 253.3 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Availability of commodities. 253.3 Section 253.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... opportunity to obtain a more nutritious diet and shall represent an acceptable nutritional alternative to Food...

  1. 7 CFR 253.3 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Availability of commodities. 253.3 Section 253.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... opportunity to obtain a more nutritious diet and shall represent an acceptable nutritional alternative to Food...

  2. 7 CFR 253.3 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Availability of commodities. 253.3 Section 253.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... opportunity to obtain a more nutritious diet and shall represent an acceptable nutritional alternative to Food...

  3. 7 CFR 253.3 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Availability of commodities. 253.3 Section 253.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... opportunity to obtain a more nutritious diet and shall represent an acceptable nutritional alternative to Food...

  4. 7 CFR 253.3 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Availability of commodities. 253.3 Section 253.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... opportunity to obtain a more nutritious diet and shall represent an acceptable nutritional alternative to Food...

  5. Fatty acid profile of alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production and implications for fuel properties

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Feedstock accounts for approximately 80% of biodiesel production expenses when commodity lipids such as soybean oil are utilized. Furthermore, commodity lipids have competing food-related applications. Consequently, low-cost alternatives that do not displace existing food production are of interest ...

  6. Access to nutritious food, socioeconomic individualism and public health ethics in the USA: a common good approach

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Good nutrition plays an important role in the optimal growth, development, health and well-being of individuals in all stages of life. Healthy eating can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some types of cancer. However, the capitalist mindset that shapes the food environment has led to the commoditization of food. Food is not just a marketable commodity like any other commodity. Food is different from other commodities on the market in that it is explicitly and intrinsically linked to our human existence. While possessing another commodity allows for social benefits, food ensures survival. Millions of people in United States of America are either malnourished or food insecure. The purpose of this paper is to present a critique of the current food system using four meanings of the common good--as a framework, rhetorical device, ethical concept and practical tool for social justice. The first section of this paper provides a general overview of the notion of the common good. The second section outlines how each of the four meanings of the common good helps us understand public practices, social policies and market values that shape the distal causal factors of nutritious food inaccessibility. We then outline policy and empowerment initiatives for nutritious food access. PMID:24165577

  7. Access to nutritious food, socioeconomic individualism and public health ethics in the USA: a common good approach.

    PubMed

    Azétsop, Jacquineau; Joy, Tisha R

    2013-10-29

    Good nutrition plays an important role in the optimal growth, development, health and well-being of individuals in all stages of life. Healthy eating can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some types of cancer. However, the capitalist mindset that shapes the food environment has led to the commoditization of food. Food is not just a marketable commodity like any other commodity. Food is different from other commodities on the market in that it is explicitly and intrinsically linked to our human existence. While possessing another commodity allows for social benefits, food ensures survival. Millions of people in United States of America are either malnourished or food insecure. The purpose of this paper is to present a critique of the current food system using four meanings of the common good--as a framework, rhetorical device, ethical concept and practical tool for social justice. The first section of this paper provides a general overview of the notion of the common good. The second section outlines how each of the four meanings of the common good helps us understand public practices, social policies and market values that shape the distal causal factors of nutritious food inaccessibility. We then outline policy and empowerment initiatives for nutritious food access.

  8. 40 CFR 180.556 - Pymetrozine; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... these raw agricultural commodities. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 0.04 Brassica, head and stem...

  9. 40 CFR 180.556 - Pymetrozine; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... these raw agricultural commodities. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 0.04 Brassica, head and stem...

  10. Challenges in the analysis of multiple mycotoxins

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The problems associated with different groups or “families” of mycotoxins have been known for some time, and for many years certain groups of mycotoxins have been known to co-occur in commodities and foods. Until fairly recently commodities and foods were analyzed for individual toxins or groups of ...

  11. 40 CFR 180.422 - Tralomethrin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Broccoli 0.5 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.02 Cotton, oil 0.20 Lettuce, head 1.00 Lettuce, leaf 3.00 Soybean 0.05 Sunflower, seed 0.05 (2) A tolerance...-handling establishments, including food service, manufacturing, and processing establishments, such as...

  12. 40 CFR 180.422 - Tralomethrin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Broccoli 0.5 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.02 Cotton, oil 0.20 Lettuce, head 1.00 Lettuce, leaf 3.00 Soybean 0.05 Sunflower, seed 0.05 (2) A tolerance...-handling establishments, including food service, manufacturing, and processing establishments, such as...

  13. 40 CFR 180.175 - Maleic hydrazide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the following raw agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Onion, bulb 15.0 Potato 50.0 (2) A food additive known as maleic hydrazide (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) may be present in...

  14. 40 CFR 180.175 - Maleic hydrazide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the following raw agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Onion, bulb 15.0 Potato 50.0 (2) A food additive known as maleic hydrazide (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) may be present in...

  15. 7 CFR 226.5 - Donation of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Donation of commodities. 226.5 Section 226.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM Assistance to States § 226.5 Donation...

  16. 7 CFR 226.5 - Donation of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Donation of commodities. 226.5 Section 226.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM Assistance to States § 226.5 Donation...

  17. 7 CFR 226.5 - Donation of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Donation of commodities. 226.5 Section 226.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM Assistance to States § 226.5 Donation...

  18. 76 FR 66072 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Announcement of Office of Management and Budget...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-25

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0084...; Channels of Trade Policy for Commodities With Residues of Pesticide Chemicals AGENCY: Food and Drug... collection of information entitled ``Channels of Trade Policy for Commodities With Residues of Pesticide...

  19. 31 CFR 561.327 - Agricultural commodities, food, medicine, and medical devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., medicine, and medical devices. 561.327 Section 561.327 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... FINANCIAL SANCTIONS REGULATIONS General Definitions § 561.327 Agricultural commodities, food, medicine, and...-grade gelatin powder, and peptones and their derivatives. (c) The term medicine has the same meaning...

  20. 31 CFR 561.327 - Agricultural commodities, food, medicine, and medical devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., medicine, and medical devices. 561.327 Section 561.327 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... FINANCIAL SANCTIONS REGULATIONS General Definitions § 561.327 Agricultural commodities, food, medicine, and...-grade gelatin powder, and peptones and their derivatives. (c) The term medicine has the same meaning...

  1. 7 CFR 253.10 - Commodity control, storage and distribution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Section 253.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION...-condition commodities. The State agency shall immediately notify the appropriate Food and Nutrition Service... Management and Budget under control number 0584-0071) (44 U.S.C. 3506) [44 FR 35928, June 19, 1979, as...

  2. 7 CFR 253.10 - Commodity control, storage and distribution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Section 253.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION...-condition commodities. The State agency shall immediately notify the appropriate Food and Nutrition Service... Management and Budget under control number 0584-0071) (44 U.S.C. 3506) [44 FR 35928, June 19, 1979, as...

  3. 7 CFR 253.10 - Commodity control, storage and distribution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Section 253.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION...-condition commodities. The State agency shall immediately notify the appropriate Food and Nutrition Service... Management and Budget under control number 0584-0071) (44 U.S.C. 3506) [44 FR 35928, June 19, 1979, as...

  4. 7 CFR 253.10 - Commodity control, storage and distribution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Section 253.10 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION...-condition commodities. The State agency shall immediately notify the appropriate Food and Nutrition Service... Management and Budget under control number 0584-0071) (44 U.S.C. 3506) [44 FR 35928, June 19, 1979, as...

  5. 40 CFR 180.311 - Cacodylic acid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... raw agricultural commodity as follows: Commodity Parts per million Cotton, undelinted seed 2.8 (b...

  6. Program Evaluation: Food Stamps and Commodity Distribution in Rural Areas of Central Pennsylvania.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Madden J. Patrick; Yoder, Marion D.

    Since one primary goal of the Commodity Distribution (CD) Program and the Food Stamp (FS) Program is to improve diets of low-income families, this 1969-70 study focused on whether the adequacy of a low-income family's dietary intake was improved by their participation in a food-assistance program. As stated, the adequacy of a family's dietary…

  7. Speculation on commodities futures markets and destabilization of global food prices: exploring the connections.

    PubMed

    Ghosh, Jayati; Heintz, James; Pollin, Robert

    2012-01-01

    In December 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Food Price Index surpassed its previous peak of June 2008, and prices remained at this level through September 2011. This pattern is creating justified fears of a renewal or intensification of the global food crisis. This paper reviews arguments and evidence to inform debates on how to regulate commodity futures markets in the face of such price volatility and sustained high prices. We focus on the relationship between market liquidity and price patterns in asset markets in general and in commodities futures markets in particular, as well as the relationship between spot and futures market prices for food. We find strong evidence supporting the need to limit huge increases in trading volume on futures markets through regulations. We find that arguments opposing regulation are not supported. We find no support for the claim that liquidity in futures markets stabilizes prices at "fundamental" values or that spot market prices are free of any significant influence from futures markets. Given these results, the most appropriate position for regulators is precautionary: they should enact and enforce policies capable of effectively dampening excessive speculative trading on the commodities markets for food.

  8. Oversight of Food and Nutrition Service Programs: Food Stamps, Child Nutrition, and Commodity Distribution. Hearing before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, Second Session, April 25, 1984.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.

    The Federal government's oversight of its food and nutrition programs is discussed in this transcript of a Senate hearing. Testimony is presented regarding food stamps, the school lunch program, problems of targeting the needy, the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), commodity distribution, surplus dairy…

  9. 40 CFR 180.455 - Procymidone; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... following raw agricultural commodity: Commodity Parts per million Grape, wine 5.0 [59 FR 42514, Aug. 18...

  10. 40 CFR 180.455 - Procymidone; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... following raw agricultural commodity: Commodity Parts per million Grape, wine 5.0 [59 FR 42514, Aug. 18...

  11. 40 CFR 180.553 - Fenhexamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 2.0 Almond 0.02 Asparagus 0...

  12. Estimation of Apple Intake for the Exposure Assessment of Residual Chemicals Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database

    PubMed Central

    2016-01-01

    The aims of this study were to develop strategies and algorithms of calculating food commodity intake suitable for exposure assessment of residual chemicals by using the food intake database of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In this study, apples and their processed food products were chosen as a model food for accurate calculation of food commodity intakes uthrough the recently developed Korea food commodity intake calculation (KFCIC) software. The average daily intakes of total apples in Korea Health Statistics were 29.60 g in 2008, 32.40 g in 2009, 34.30 g in 2010, 28.10 g in 2011, and 24.60 g in 2012. The average daily intakes of apples by KFCIC software was 2.65 g higher than that by Korea Health Statistics. The food intake data in Korea Health Statistics might have less reflected the intake of apples from mixed and processed foods than KFCIC software has. These results can affect outcome of risk assessment for residual chemicals in foods. Therefore, the accurate estimation of the average daily intake of food commodities is very important, and more data for food intakes and recipes have to be applied to improve the quality of data. Nevertheless, this study can contribute to the predictive estimation of exposure to possible residual chemicals and subsequent analysis for their potential risks. PMID:27152299

  13. 40 CFR 180.241 - Bensulide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Onion, bulb 0.10 Vegetable, brassica, leafy group 5... brassica group 4 0.15 (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved] (c) Tolerances with regional...

  14. 40 CFR 180.602 - Spiroxamine; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-methanamine) in or on the commodities. Commodity Parts per million Artichoke, globe, import 1 0.7 Asparagus 1...

  15. 40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) Both the raw and processed forms of peanuts, tree nuts, milk, soybeans, eggs, fish, crustacea, and... is an animal feed composed of dried animal fat and protein that has been sterilized. Other than meat.... The term commonly consumed food commodities shall only apply to food commodities (whether a raw...

  16. Mobilising the Commodity Chain Concept in the Politics of Food and Farming

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jackson, Peter; Ward, Neil; Russell, Polly

    2006-01-01

    Focusing on the concept of "commodity chains" within the food industry, this paper analyses the term's widespread and variable usage in both academic and policy-orientated work. Despite recent criticisms, the concept has retained its popular appeal alongside competing metaphors such as networks, circuits and assemblages. Examining the…

  17. 40 CFR 180.1122 - Inert ingredients of semiochemical dispensers; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1122 Inert ingredients of semiochemical... (including the monomers, plasticizers, dispersing agents, antioxidants, UV protectants, stabilizers, and... commodity (RAC) or processed foods/feeds derived from the commodity by virtue of its proximity to the RAC or...

  18. 40 CFR 180.1122 - Inert ingredients of semiochemical dispensers; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1122 Inert ingredients of semiochemical... (including the monomers, plasticizers, dispersing agents, antioxidants, UV protectants, stabilizers, and... commodity (RAC) or processed foods/feeds derived from the commodity by virtue of its proximity to the RAC or...

  19. 40 CFR 180.636 - 1,3-dichloropropene; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-chloroacrylic acid, and cis- and trans-3-chloroallyl alcohol in or on the following commodities. Commodity Parts...

  20. 40 CFR 180.378 - Permethrin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate] in/on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Collards 15 Grass, forage 15 Grass, hay 15 Papaya 1.0 Turnip, tops 10 Turnip, roots 0.20 (d) Indirect or inadvertent...

  1. 40 CFR 180.378 - Permethrin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate] in/on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Collards 15 Grass, forage 15 Grass, hay 15 Papaya 1.0 Turnip, tops 10 Turnip, roots 0.20 (d) Indirect or inadvertent...

  2. 40 CFR 180.411 - Fluazifop-P-butyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... equivalent of fluazifop, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 3.0 Coffee, bean 0.1...

  3. 40 CFR 180.117 - S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarba-mate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 0.1(N) Asparagus 0.1(N) Castorbean, seed 0...

  4. Commodity Tracker: Mobile Application for Food Security Monitoring in Haiti

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chiu, M. T.; Huang, X.; Baird, J.; Gourley, J. R.; Morelli, R.; de Lanerolle, T. R.; Haiti Food Security Monitoring Mobile App Team

    2011-12-01

    Megan Chiu, Jason Baird, Xu Huang, Trishan de Lanerolle, Ralph Morelli, Jonathan Gourley Trinity College, Computer Science Department and Environmental Science Program, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, CT 06106 megan.chiu@trincoll.edu, Jason.baird@trincoll.edu, xu.huang@trincoll.edu, trishan.delanerolle@trincoll.edu, ralph.morelli@trincoll.edu, jonathan.gourley@trincoll.edu Price data for Haiti commodities such as rice and potatoes have been traditionally recorded by hand on paper forms for many years. The information is then entered onto computer manually, thus making the process a long and arduous one. With the development of the Haiti Commodity Tracker mobile app, we are able to make this commodity price data recording process more efficient. Officials may use this information for making inferences about the difference in commodity prices and for food distribution during critical time after natural disasters. This information can also be utilized by governments and aid agencies on their food assistance programs. Agronomists record the item prices from several sample sites in a marketplace and compare those results from other markets across the region. Due to limited connectivity in rural areas, data is first saved to the phone's database and then retransmitted to a central server via SMS messaging. The mobile app is currently being field tested by an international NGO providing agricultural aid and support in rural Haiti.

  5. Daily Report, Supplement, East Europe

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-03-16

    return for its natural riches. Fortunately, it also needs certain commodities, such as food , medicines, and equipment. For this reason we barter our...commodities and labor for some of the shipments. We are bartering food for deliv- eries of 1.5 billion cubic meters of the gas last year and Kolmex...intended to develop the private sector in agriculture, generally the agricultural- food sector. Everything connected with agri- culture—the refrigerator

  6. 7 CFR 250.13 - Distribution and control of donated foods.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... provided by USDA on commodity survey memoranda. The USDA commodity file cost shall be defined as the cost... agency to bona fide experimental or testing agencies, or for use in workshops, or for demonstrations or...

  7. Mitigation potential and global health impacts from emissions pricing of food commodities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Springmann, Marco; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel; Robinson, Sherman; Wiebe, Keith; Godfray, H. Charles J.; Rayner, Mike; Scarborough, Peter

    2017-01-01

    The projected rise in food-related greenhouse gas emissions could seriously impede efforts to limit global warming to acceptable levels. Despite that, food production and consumption have long been excluded from climate policies, in part due to concerns about the potential impact on food security. Using a coupled agriculture and health modelling framework, we show that the global climate change mitigation potential of emissions pricing of food commodities could be substantial, and that levying greenhouse gas taxes on food commodities could, if appropriately designed, be a health-promoting climate policy in high-income countries, as well as in most low- and middle-income countries. Sparing food groups known to be beneficial for health from taxation, selectively compensating for income losses associated with tax-related price increases, and using a portion of tax revenues for health promotion are potential policy options that could help avert most of the negative health impacts experienced by vulnerable groups, whilst still promoting changes towards diets which are more environmentally sustainable.

  8. Directions for Determining Buffer Zone Distances for Commodity and Structural Fumigation with Methyl Bromide

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Buffer zones for commodity and food handling structural applications are distributed across numerous tables. This document provides directions for determining the factors to use to identify the correct table for a given application.

  9. 40 CFR 180.332 - Metribuzin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...)-one) and its triazinone metabolites in or on food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 2.0 Alfalfa, hay 7.0 Asparagus 0.1 Barley, grain 0.75 Barley, hay 7.0 Barley, pearled barley 3.0...

  10. 40 CFR 180.206 - Phorate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 0.05 Bean, succulent 0.05 Beet, sugar, roots 0.3 Beet, sugar, tops 3.0 Coffee, green bean 1 0.02 Corn, field, forage 0.5 Corn, field...

  11. 40 CFR 180.206 - Phorate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 0.05 Bean, succulent 0.05 Beet, sugar, roots 0.3 Beet, sugar, tops 3.0 Coffee, green bean 1 0.02 Corn, field, forage 0.5 Corn, field...

  12. 40 CFR 180.206 - Phorate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 0.05 Bean, succulent 0.05 Beet, sugar, roots 0.3 Beet, sugar, tops 3.0 Coffee, green bean 1 0.02 Corn, field, forage 0.5 Corn, field...

  13. 40 CFR 180.206 - Phorate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 0.05 Bean, succulent 0.05 Beet, sugar, roots 0.3 Beet, sugar, tops 3.0 Coffee, green bean 1 0.02 Corn, field, forage 0.5 Corn, field...

  14. 40 CFR 180.399 - Iprodione; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 2.0 Almond 0.3 Apricot 20.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, forage 90.0 Bean, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 15.0 Boysenberry 15.0 Broccoli 25.0 Caneberry...

  15. 40 CFR 180.399 - Iprodione; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 2.0 Almond 0.3 Apricot 20.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, forage 90.0 Bean, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 15.0 Boysenberry 15.0 Broccoli 25.0 Caneberry...

  16. 40 CFR 180.399 - Iprodione; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 2.0 Almond 0.3 Apricot 20.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, forage 90.0 Bean, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 15.0 Boysenberry 15.0 Broccoli 25.0 Caneberry...

  17. 40 CFR 180.399 - Iprodione; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 2.0 Almond 0.3 Apricot 20.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, forage 90.0 Bean, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 15.0 Boysenberry 15.0 Broccoli 25.0 Caneberry...

  18. 40 CFR 180.206 - Phorate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 0.05 Bean, succulent 0.05 Beet, sugar, roots 0.3 Beet, sugar, tops 3.0 Coffee, green bean 1 0.02 Corn, field, forage 0.5 Corn, field...

  19. 40 CFR 180.533 - Esfenvalerate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., sugar, tops 5.0 Blueberry 1.0 Broccoli 1.0 Cabbage, except Chinese cabbage 3.0 Caneberry subgroup 13A 1...)benzeneacetate, in or on food commodities as follows: Commodity Parts per million Cabbage, chinese, bok choy 1.0...

  20. 16 CFR 503.5 - Interpretation of the definition of “consumer commodity” as contained in section 10(a) of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... the term consumer commodity in four classifications. These are: (1) Any food, drug, device, or... Act as to any food, drug, device, or cosmetic has been delegated to the Secretary of Health, Education... connection will regard as one criterion the extent to which the disclosures required on “consumer commodities...

  1. School Lunch Program: Buy American Procedures at Schools with Cash or Credit in Lieu of Food. Report to Congressional Requesters.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Resources, Community, and Economic Development Div.

    This report examines the Buy American provision of the Commodity Distribution Reform Act and the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children Amendments of 1987. In particular, compliance by school districts participating in the National School Lunch Program under the cash payment and commodity letters of credit systems is…

  2. 40 CFR 180.204 - Dimethoate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 2.0 Alfalfa, hay 2.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, lima 2.0 Bean, snap, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 1 1.0 Broccoli 2.0 Cattle, meat byproducts 0...

  3. 40 CFR 180.204 - Dimethoate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 2.0 Alfalfa, hay 2.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, lima 2.0 Bean, snap, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 1 1.0 Broccoli 2.0 Cattle, meat byproducts 0...

  4. 40 CFR 180.204 - Dimethoate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 2.0 Alfalfa, hay 2.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, lima 2.0 Bean, snap, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 1 1.0 Broccoli 2.0 Cattle, meat byproducts 0...

  5. 40 CFR 180.204 - Dimethoate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 2.0 Alfalfa, hay 2.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, lima 2.0 Bean, snap, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 1 1.0 Broccoli 2.0 Cattle, meat byproducts 0...

  6. 40 CFR 180.204 - Dimethoate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 2.0 Alfalfa, hay 2.0 Bean, dry, seed 2.0 Bean, lima 2.0 Bean, snap, succulent 2.0 Blueberry 1 1.0 Broccoli 2.0 Cattle, meat byproducts 0...

  7. 40 CFR 180.381 - Oxyfluorfen; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Blackberry 0.05 Chickpea, seed 0.05 Grass, forage 0.05 Grass, hay 0.05 Grass, seed screenings 0.05 Guava 0.05 Papaya 0.05 Raspberry 0.05 Taro, corm 0.05...

  8. 40 CFR 180.381 - Oxyfluorfen; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Blackberry 0.05 Chickpea, seed 0.05 Grass, forage 0.05 Grass, hay 0.05 Grass, seed screenings 0.05 Guava 0.05 Papaya 0.05 Raspberry 0.05 Taro, corm 0.05...

  9. China QIUSHI SEEKING TRUTH no 4, 16 August 1988

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-09-26

    excessive rise of commodity prices, and the crux of the price problem lies in the prices food . The current imbal- ance in the market’s supply of and...income of the urban and rural residents has increased and their demand for food consumption has increased extremely rapidly. According to statistics...from 1979 to 1986, of the consumption outlay in the urban and rural residents’ daily life, that for food commodities increased by 200 percent

  10. 40 CFR 180.449 - Avermectin B1 and its delta-8,9-isomer; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...-isomer in or on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 0.10 Apple 0.020 Apple, wet pomace 0.10 Avocado 0.020 Bean, dry, seed 0.01 Cattle, fat 0.03 Cattle, meat 0.02 Cattle..., undelinted seed 0.005 Food products in food handling establishments (other than those already covered by...

  11. 76 FR 69692 - Withdrawal of a Pesticide Petition for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various Commodities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-09

    ... of a pesticide petition received under section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA... part 180 for residues of pesticide chemicals in or on various food commodities. Pursuant to 40 CFR 180... requirement of a tolerance for residues of lactoperoxidase (CAS No. 9003-99-0) in or on all raw agricultural...

  12. International trade standards for commodities and products derived from animals: the need for a system that integrates food safety and animal disease risk management.

    PubMed

    Thomson, G R; Penrith, M-L; Atkinson, M W; Thalwitzer, S; Mancuso, A; Atkinson, S J; Osofsky, S A

    2013-12-01

    A case is made for greater emphasis to be placed on value chain management as an alternative to geographically based disease risk mitigation for trade in commodities and products derived from animals. The geographic approach is dependent upon achievement of freedom in countries or zones from infectious agents that cause so-called transboundary animal diseases, while value chain-based risk management depends upon mitigation of animal disease hazards potentially associated with specific commodities or products irrespective of the locality of production. This commodity-specific approach is founded on the same principles upon which international food safety standards are based, viz. hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP). Broader acceptance of a value chain approach enables animal disease risk management to be combined with food safety management by the integration of commodity-based trade and HACCP methodologies and thereby facilitates 'farm to fork' quality assurance. The latter is increasingly recognized as indispensable to food safety assurance and is therefore a pre-condition to safe trade. The biological principles upon which HACCP and commodity-based trade are based are essentially identical, potentially simplifying sanitary control in contrast to current separate international sanitary standards for food safety and animal disease risks that are difficult to reconcile. A value chain approach would not only enable more effective integration of food safety and animal disease risk management of foodstuffs derived from animals but would also ameliorate adverse environmental and associated socio-economic consequences of current sanitary standards based on the geographic distribution of animal infections. This is especially the case where vast veterinary cordon fencing systems are relied upon to separate livestock and wildlife as is the case in much of southern Africa. A value chain approach would thus be particularly beneficial to under-developed regions of the world such as southern Africa specifically and sub-Saharan Africa more generally where it would reduce incompatibility between attempts to expand and commercialize livestock production and the need to conserve the subcontinent's unparalleled wildlife and wilderness resources. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  13. 75 FR 6263 - Biomass Crop Assistance Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-08

    ... Part II Department of Agriculture Commodity Credit Corporation 7 CFR Part 1450 Biomass Crop... RIN 0560-AH92 Biomass Crop Assistance Program AGENCY: Commodity Credit Corporation and Farm Service... to implement the new Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) authorized by the Food, Conservation, and...

  14. Something fishy: Chile's blue revolution, commodity diseases, and the problem of sustainability.

    PubMed

    Soluri, John

    2011-01-01

    The United Nations describes aquaculture as the fastest-growing method of food production, and some industry boosters have heralded the coming of a sustainable blue revolution. This article interprets the meteoric rise and sudden collapse of Atlantic salmon aquaculture in southern Chile (1980-2010) by integrating concepts from commodity studies and comparative environmental history. I juxtapose salmon aquaculture to twentieth-century export banana production to reveal the similar dynamics that give rise to "commodity diseases"—events caused by the entanglement of biological, social, and political-economic processes that operate on local, regional, and transoceanic geographical scales. Unsurprisingly, the risks and burdens associated with commodity diseases are borne disproportionately by production workers and residents in localities where commodity disease events occur. Chile's blue revolution suggests that evaluating the sustainability of aquaculture in Latin America cannot be divorced from processes of accumulation.

  15. 75 FR 29507 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-26

    ... of Commodities for Foreign Donation. OMB Control Number: 0560-0258. Summary of Collection: 7 CFR part 1496, Procurement of Processed Agricultural Commodities for Donation under Title II, Public Law 480 is... Credit Corporation (CCC) for donation overseas under various food aid authorities. The information...

  16. 7 CFR 247.29 - Reports and recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.29 Reports and recordkeeping... liability for any improper distribution of, use of, loss of, or damage to commodities, and the results... number of program participants in each population category (e.g., infants, children, and elderly); (ii...

  17. 7 CFR 247.29 - Reports and recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.29 Reports and recordkeeping... liability for any improper distribution of, use of, loss of, or damage to commodities, and the results... number of program participants in each population category (e.g., infants, children, and elderly); (ii...

  18. 40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... commodities, resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to FFIFRA section 18 emergency exemptions. The tolerances expire on the date specified in the table. Commodity Parts per million Expiration date Basil...

  19. 7 CFR 251.4 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... boards. (1) State agencies must distribute commodities made available under this part to eligible... feeding organizations. (3) Existing networks. Subject to the constraints of paragraphs (h)(1)(i) and (h)(1... existing food bank networks and other organizations whose ongoing primary function is to facilitate the...

  20. Characterization of the Virtual Water Commodity Network of Major U.S. Cities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Garcia, S.; Ahams, I. C.; Ruddell, B. L.; Mejia, A.

    2016-12-01

    Cities, through their socioeconomic power and consumption patterns, drive an intricate web of commodity flows that gives rise to an underlying network of indirect transfers of energy and water. The virtual water content of a commodity represents the water embedded in its production. It can serve as a measure of city water consumption that, along with direct, metabolic consumption, exposes the dependence of cities on distant regions and the potential vulnerabilities of the network to shocks and stresses. Using the U.S. network of commodities flows, together with their associated virtual water content, we use network theory to analyze first-order and higher-order topological properties of virtual water flows for major U.S. cities, defined by their metropolitan boundaries. They are represented as nodes and weighted directed links, symbolizing the volume and direction of the virtual water flows associated with the transfer of agricultural, livestock and industrial commodities. We find that network properties, generally, vary across commodities and reveal complex structures such as the appearance of hubs like Chicago, Houston, and New Orleans for industrial commodities and the formation of communities (megaregions). Additionally, using scaling arguments, we find that increasing city size makes larger cities more water efficient and hydroeconomically productive than smaller ones. This work represents an initial step towards understanding the role played by cities in the U.S. commodity network and food-energy-water (FEW) nexus.

  1. Creating Conventional Soybeans with the High Oleic Acid Seed Oil Trait

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Commodity soybeans are poised to undergo a revolutionary change. Major shifts in market expectations for the nutritional quality of the oil, brought about in part through food labeling requirements and the suitability for biodiesel, are driving the commodity soybean to embrace new seed compositiona...

  2. 7 CFR 253.5 - State agency requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... other sources. (g) Nutrition education. The State agency shall publicize how commodities may be used to contribute to a nutritious diet and how commodities may be properly stored by means of visual displays, and...

  3. 7 CFR 253.5 - State agency requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... other sources. (g) Nutrition education. The State agency shall publicize how commodities may be used to contribute to a nutritious diet and how commodities may be properly stored by means of visual displays, and...

  4. 7 CFR 253.5 - State agency requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... other sources. (g) Nutrition education. The State agency shall publicize how commodities may be used to contribute to a nutritious diet and how commodities may be properly stored by means of visual displays, and...

  5. 7 CFR 253.5 - State agency requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... other sources. (g) Nutrition education. The State agency shall publicize how commodities may be used to contribute to a nutritious diet and how commodities may be properly stored by means of visual displays, and...

  6. 40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... stoichiometric equivalent of cyazofamid, in or on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 90 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean, succulent 0.5 Bean, succulent shelled 0.08 Brassica, head...

  7. 40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... stoichiometric equivalent of cyazofamid, in or on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 90 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean, succulent 0.5 Bean, succulent shelled 0.08 Brassica, head...

  8. Synthetic materials to reduce exposure to mycotoxins in fermented foods and beverages

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Mycotoxins are a broad class of toxic fungal metabolites that occasionally contaminate agricultural commodities. Mycotoxin contamination reduces the value of affected commodities and negatively impacts the health of consumers. A popular approach to reduce the effects of exposure to mycotoxins is the...

  9. 40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Cacao bean... basil 1500 Nutmeat, processed, except peanuts 10.0 Onion, dried 6000 Plum, prune, dried 2.0 (b) Section...

  10. 40 CFR 180.330 - S-(2-(Ethylsulfinyl)ethyl) O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., forage 5.0 Alfalfa, hay 11.0 Bean, lima 0.2 Beet, sugar, roots 0.3 Beet, sugar, tops 0.5 Broccoli 1.0... sulfone in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Broccoli raab 2.0 (d...

  11. Commodity Administrative Manual. Public and Private Schools.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento.

    This manual was developed for agencies receiving food commodities distributed to eligible schools and noneducational organizations by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) through the California State Department of Education's Office of Surplus Property. It covers rules, regulations, and forms for recipients who are public or private schools…

  12. Agricultural policy and childhood obesity: a food systems and public health commentary.

    PubMed

    Wallinga, David

    2010-01-01

    For thirty-five years, U.S. agriculture has operated under a "cheap food" policy that spurred production of a few commodity crops, not fruit or vegetables, and thus of the calories from them. A key driver of childhood obesity is the consumption of excess calories, many from inexpensive, nutrient-poor snacks, sweets, and sweetened beverages made with fats and sugars derived from these policy-supported crops. Limiting or eliminating farm subsidies to commodity farmers is wrongly perceived as a quick fix to a complex agricultural system, evolved over decades, that promotes obesity. Yet this paper does set forth a series of policy recommendations that could help, including managing commodity crop oversupply and supporting farmers who produce more fruit and vegetables to build a healthier, more balanced agricultural policy.

  13. 40 CFR 180.127 - Piperonyl butoxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, postharvest 8 Apple, postharvest 8 Barley... cereal grain products, whereby the amount of piperonyl butoxide is at least equal to but not more than 10... piperonyl butoxide per ounce of fruit (0.10 milligram of piperonyl butoxide per gram of product). (E) In...

  14. 40 CFR 180.127 - Piperonyl butoxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, postharvest 8 Apple, postharvest 8 Barley... cereal grain products, whereby the amount of piperonyl butoxide is at least equal to but not more than 10... piperonyl butoxide per ounce of fruit (0.10 milligram of piperonyl butoxide per gram of product). (E) In...

  15. 76 FR 4801 - Establishment of New Agency; Revision of Delegations of Authority

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-27

    ...;to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published #0;under 50 titles pursuant to... Corporation 7 CFR Parts 407 and 457 Agricultural Research Service 7 CFR Part 550 Commodity Credit Corporation... Corporation, Agricultural Research Service, Commodity Credit Corporation, and National Institute of Food and...

  16. 40 CFR 180.407 - Thiodicarb; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... following food commodities or groups. The time-limited tolerances expire and are revoked on the dates listed in the following table: Commodity Parts per million Expiration/revocation date Broccoli 7.0 None..., undelinted seed 0.4 None Soybean, hulls 0.8 None Soybean 0.2 None Vegetable, leafy, except brassica, group 4...

  17. 40 CFR 180.407 - Thiodicarb; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... following food commodities or groups. The time-limited tolerances expire and are revoked on the dates listed in the following table: Commodity Parts per million Expiration/revocation date Broccoli 7.0 None..., undelinted seed 0.4 None Soybean, hulls 0.8 None Soybean 0.2 None Vegetable, leafy, except brassica, group 4...

  18. 40 CFR 180.407 - Thiodicarb; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... following food commodities or groups. The time-limited tolerances expire and are revoked on the dates listed in the following table: Commodity Parts per million Expiration/revocation date Broccoli 7.0 None..., undelinted seed 0.4 None Soybean, hulls 0.8 None Soybean 0.2 None Vegetable, leafy, except brassica, group 4...

  19. 40 CFR 180.407 - Thiodicarb; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... following food commodities or groups. The time-limited tolerances expire and are revoked on the dates listed in the following table: Commodity Parts per million Expiration/revocation date Broccoli 7.0 None..., undelinted seed 0.4 None Soybean, hulls 0.8 None Soybean 0.2 None Vegetable, leafy, except brassica, group 4...

  20. The natural radioactivity in some Nigerian foodstuffs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Olomo, James B.

    1990-12-01

    The average activity concentrations of seven locally produced food commodities that form the total diets of a baby, a teenager or an adult male in Nigeria were measured by means of a well-calibrated high-resolution lithium-drifted germanium (Ge(Li)) spectrometer system. The food commodities were collected at several centers such as a nuclear research center as well as metropolitan and industrial areas. The emission lines identified with reliable regularity belonged to the 238U and 232Th decay series. The other isotope is a non-related naturally occurring radionuclide, 40K. Average total specific-activity values of 7.29 ± 1.08, 6.27 ± 1.01 and 11.23 ± 1.64 Bq/kg for 238U, 232Th and 40K, respectively, were obtained for the seven food commodities studied. The food samples were also checked for fission-product residues ( 137Cs and 90Sr) from atmospheric weapons tests which are slowly being purged from the food chain. Their estimation revealed that they were below the minimum detectable limit determined at a two-standard deviation analytical error.

  1. 40 CFR 180.6 - Pesticide tolerances regarding milk, eggs, meat, and/or poultry; statement of policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... residues in or on raw agricultural commodities, consideration is always given to possible residues of those pesticide chemicals or their conversion products entering the diet of man through the ingestion of milk... finite residues will actually be incurred in these foods from feed use of the raw agricultural commodity...

  2. 40 CFR 180.6 - Pesticide tolerances regarding milk, eggs, meat, and/or poultry; statement of policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... residues in or on raw agricultural commodities, consideration is always given to possible residues of those pesticide chemicals or their conversion products entering the diet of man through the ingestion of milk... finite residues will actually be incurred in these foods from feed use of the raw agricultural commodity...

  3. 40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180... proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed...

  4. 40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180... proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed...

  5. 40 CFR 180.232 - Butylate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Corn, field, forage 0.1 Corn, field, grain 0.1 Corn, field, stover 0.1 Corn, pop, forage 0.1 Corn, pop, grain 0.1 Corn, sweet, forage 0.1 Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.1 (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved] (c...

  6. The Impact of Changing Affluence on Diet and Demand Patterns for Agricultural Commodities. World Bank Staff Working Papers Number 785.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chaudhri, Rajiv; Timmer, C. Peter

    Demand for agricultural commodities, particularly for basic food-stuffs, depends on a household's income, competitive prices, and a set of unique household characteristics which include tastes, location, education, family composition, and farm status. This monograph reviews disaggregated evidence at the national level on the relative contribution…

  7. Epidemiology of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Caused by Clostridium perfringens, United States, 1998–2010

    PubMed Central

    Grass, Julian E.; Gould, L. Hannah; Mahon, Barbara E.

    2015-01-01

    Clostridium perfringens is estimated to be the second most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the United States, causing one million illnesses each year. Local, state, and territorial health departments voluntarily report C. perfringens outbreaks to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System. Our analysis included outbreaks confirmed by laboratory evidence during 1998–2010. A food item was implicated if C. perfringens was isolated from food or based on epidemiologic evidence. Implicated foods were classified into one of 17 standard food commodities when possible. From 1998 to 2010, 289 confirmed outbreaks of C. perfringens illness were reported with 15,208 illnesses, 83 hospitalizations, and eight deaths. The number of outbreaks reported each year ranged from 16 to 31 with no apparent trend over time. The annual number of outbreak-associated illnesses ranged from 359 to 2,173, and the median outbreak size was 24 illnesses. Outbreaks occurred year round, with the largest number in November and December. Restaurants (43%) were the most common setting of food preparation. Other settings included catering facility (19%), private home (16%), prison or jail (11%), and other (10%). Among the 144 (50%) outbreaks attributed to a single food commodity, beef was the most common commodity (66 outbreaks, 46%), followed by poultry (43 outbreaks, 30%), and pork (23 outbreaks, 16%). Meat and poultry outbreaks accounted for 92% of outbreaks with an identified single food commodity. Outbreaks caused by C. perfringens occur regularly, are often large, and can cause substantial morbidity yet are preventable if contamination of raw meat and poultry products is prevented at the farm or slaughterhouse or, after contamination, if these products are properly handled and prepared, particularly in restaurants and catering facilities. PMID:23379281

  8. Increasing homogeneity in global food supplies and the implications for food security

    PubMed Central

    Khoury, Colin K.; Bjorkman, Anne D.; Dempewolf, Hannes; Ramirez-Villegas, Julian; Guarino, Luigi; Jarvis, Andy; Rieseberg, Loren H.; Struik, Paul C.

    2014-01-01

    The narrowing of diversity in crop species contributing to the world’s food supplies has been considered a potential threat to food security. However, changes in this diversity have not been quantified globally. We assess trends over the past 50 y in the richness, abundance, and composition of crop species in national food supplies worldwide. Over this period, national per capita food supplies expanded in total quantities of food calories, protein, fat, and weight, with increased proportions of those quantities sourcing from energy-dense foods. At the same time the number of measured crop commodities contributing to national food supplies increased, the relative contribution of these commodities within these supplies became more even, and the dominance of the most significant commodities decreased. As a consequence, national food supplies worldwide became more similar in composition, correlated particularly with an increased supply of a number of globally important cereal and oil crops, and a decline of other cereal, oil, and starchy root species. The increase in homogeneity worldwide portends the establishment of a global standard food supply, which is relatively species-rich in regard to measured crops at the national level, but species-poor globally. These changes in food supplies heighten interdependence among countries in regard to availability and access to these food sources and the genetic resources supporting their production, and give further urgency to nutrition development priorities aimed at bolstering food security. PMID:24591623

  9. Effect of fruit and vegetable processing on reduction of synthetic pyrethroid residues.

    PubMed

    Chauhan, Reena; Kumari, Beena; Rana, M K

    2014-01-01

    In this review, we emphasize that the advantages associated with applying pesticides to enhance agricultural productivity must be weighed against the possible health hazards arising from the appearance of toxic pesticide residues in food. First and foremost, pesticides should be handled and applied in compliance with good agricultural practices to minimize environmental or food commodity contamination.In developing countries, good agricultural practices are not fully abided by.When vegetables are produced in such countries, pesticides are applied or prospectively applied at each growth stage of the crop. Hence, contamination of vegetables and other food commodities occur. It is well known that processing of food derived from pesticide treated crop commodities can serve to reduce residues that reach consumers. Food safety can therefore partially be enhanced by employing suitable food processing techniques and appropriate storage periods, even in developing countries. Even common and simple household processing techniques for certain foods acquire significance as means to reduce the intake of harmful pesticide food residues.Pesticide residue levels in post-harvest raw agricultural commodities (RAC) are affected by the storage, handling and the processing steps they pass through, while being prepared for human consumption. The review of cogent literature presented in this article demonstrated differences among the pyrethroid insecticide residues present on or in foods, depending on how the RAC from which they came were processed for consumption. Peeling vegetables or fruit reduced pyrethroid residues the most (60-100% ), and juicing was nearly as effective in reducing residues (70-100% ). The least reduction occurred for foodstuffs that were only washed with tap water (I 0-70% ). Washing RACs with saline water and detergent was more effective(34-60%) in reducing residues than was simple washing under tap water. Freezing is also effective in reducing residue levels and achieved reductions between 24% and 94%. Cooking of food products eliminated 75-98% of the pesticide residues present, so was also relatively effective. When foods were cooked in oils, however,reductions in pesticide residues were less (45%).

  10. 40 CFR 180.645 - Thiencarbazone-methyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... food and feed commodities: Commodity Parts per million Corn, field, forage 0.04 Corn, field, grain 0.01 Corn, field, stover 0.02 Corn, pop, grain 0.01 Corn, pop, stover 0.01 Corn, sweet, forage 0.05 Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.01 Corn, sweet, stover 0.05 Wheat, forage 0.10 Wheat, grain...

  11. 40 CFR 180.645 - Thiencarbazone-methyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... food and feed commodities: Commodity Parts per million Corn, field, forage 0.04 Corn, field, grain 0.01 Corn, field, stover 0.02 Corn, pop, grain 0.01 Corn, pop, stover 0.01 Corn, sweet, forage 0.05 Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.01 Corn, sweet, stover 0.05 Wheat, forage 0.10 Wheat, grain...

  12. 40 CFR 180.645 - Thiencarbazone-methyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... food and feed commodities: Commodity Parts per million Corn, field, forage 0.04 Corn, field, grain 0.01 Corn, field, stover 0.02 Corn, pop, grain 0.01 Corn, pop, stover 0.01 Corn, sweet, forage 0.05 Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.01 Corn, sweet, stover 0.05 Wheat, forage 0.10 Wheat, grain...

  13. 40 CFR 180.645 - Thiencarbazone-methyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... food and feed commodities: Commodity Parts per million Corn, field, forage 0.04 Corn, field, grain 0.01 Corn, field, stover 0.02 Corn, pop, grain 0.01 Corn, pop, stover 0.01 Corn, sweet, forage 0.05 Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.01 Corn, sweet, stover 0.05 Wheat, forage 0.10 Wheat, grain...

  14. 40 CFR 180.403 - Thidiazuron; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... metabolites in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.4 Cattle, meat 0.4 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.4 Cotton, gin byproducts 24.0 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.3 Goat, fat 0.4 Goat, meat 0.4 Goat, meat byproducts 0.4 Hog, fat 0.4 Hog, meat 0.4 Hog, meat byproducts 0.4 Horse...

  15. 40 CFR 180.404 - Profenofos; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.05 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.05 Cotton, gin byproducts 55.0 Cotton, undelinted seed 2.0 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 0.05 Horse, fat 0.05 Horse, meat 0.05 Horse, meat byproducts 0.05 Milk 0.01 Sheep, fat...

  16. 40 CFR 180.403 - Thidiazuron; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... metabolites in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.4 Cattle, meat 0.4 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.4 Cotton, gin byproducts 24.0 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.3 Goat, fat 0.4 Goat, meat 0.4 Goat, meat byproducts 0.4 Hog, fat 0.4 Hog, meat 0.4 Hog, meat byproducts 0.4 Horse...

  17. 40 CFR 180.404 - Profenofos; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.05 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.05 Cotton, gin byproducts 55.0 Cotton, undelinted seed 2.0 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 0.05 Horse, fat 0.05 Horse, meat 0.05 Horse, meat byproducts 0.05 Milk 0.01 Sheep, fat...

  18. 40 CFR 180.403 - Thidiazuron; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... metabolites in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.4 Cattle, meat 0.4 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.4 Cotton, gin byproducts 24.0 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.3 Goat, fat 0.4 Goat, meat 0.4 Goat, meat byproducts 0.4 Hog, fat 0.4 Hog, meat 0.4 Hog, meat byproducts 0.4 Horse...

  19. 40 CFR 180.403 - Thidiazuron; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... metabolites in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.4 Cattle, meat 0.4 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.4 Cotton, gin byproducts 24.0 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.3 Goat, fat 0.4 Goat, meat 0.4 Goat, meat byproducts 0.4 Hog, fat 0.4 Hog, meat 0.4 Hog, meat byproducts 0.4 Horse...

  20. 40 CFR 180.153 - Diazinon; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., tart 0.20 Cranberry 0.50 Endive 0.70 Fig 0.50 Ginseng 0.75 Grape 0.75 2 Hazelnut 0.50 Kiwifruit 1 0.75... diazinon, O,O-diethyl O-[6-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]phosphorothioate (CAS No. 333-41-5), in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 3.0 Apple 0.50...

  1. Food, Feed and Fuel: a Story About Nitrogen

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Galloway, J. N.; Burke, M. B.; Mooney, H. A.; Steinfeld, H.

    2008-12-01

    Humans obtain metabolic energy by eating food. Nitrogen is required to grow food, but natural supplies of N for human purposes have been inadequate since the beginning of the twentieth century. The Haber-Bosch process now provides a virtually inexhaustible supply of nitrogen, limited primarily by the cost of energy. However, most nitrogen used in food production is lost to the environment, where it cascades through environmental reservoirs contributing to many of the major environmental issues of the day. Furthermore, growing international trade in nitrogen-containing commodities is increasingly replacing wind and water as an important international transporter of nitrogen around the globe. Finally, the rapid growth in crop-based biofuels, and its attendant effects on the global production and trade of all agricultural commodities, could greatly affect global patterns of N use and loss. In the light of the findings above, this paper examines the role of nitrogen in food, feed and fuel production. It describes the beneficial consequences for food production and the negative consequences associated with the commodity nitrogen cascade and the environmental nitrogen cascade. The paper reviews estimates of future projections of nitrogen demands for food and fuel, including the impact of changing diets in the developing world. The paper concludes by presenting the potential interactions among global change, agricultural production and the nitrogen and carbon cycles.

  2. Exchanging the liquidity hypothesis: Delay discounting of money and self-relevant non-money rewards

    PubMed Central

    Stuppy-Sullivan, Allison M.; Tormohlen, Kayla N.; Yi, Richard

    2015-01-01

    Evidence that primary rewards (e.g., food and drugs of abuse) are discounted more than money is frequently attributed to money's high degree of liquidity, or exchangeability for many commodities. The present study provides some evidence against this liquidity hypothesis by contrasting delay discounting of monetary rewards (liquid) and non-monetary commodities (non-liquid) that are self-relevant and utility-matched. Ninety-seven (97) undergraduate students initially completed a conventional binary-choice delay discounting of money task. Participants returned one week later and completed a self-relevant commodity delay discounting task. Both conventional hypothesis testing and more-conservative tests of statistical equivalence revealed correspondence in rate of delay discounting of money and self-relevant commodities, and in one magnitude condition, less discounting for the latter. The present results indicate that liquidity of money cannot fully account for the lower rate of delay discounting compared to non-money rewards. PMID:26556504

  3. Whole genome sequence analysis of unidentified genetically modified papaya for development of a specific detection method.

    PubMed

    Nakamura, Kosuke; Kondo, Kazunari; Akiyama, Hiroshi; Ishigaki, Takumi; Noguchi, Akio; Katsumata, Hiroshi; Takasaki, Kazuto; Futo, Satoshi; Sakata, Kozue; Fukuda, Nozomi; Mano, Junichi; Kitta, Kazumi; Tanaka, Hidenori; Akashi, Ryo; Nishimaki-Mogami, Tomoko

    2016-08-15

    Identification of transgenic sequences in an unknown genetically modified (GM) papaya (Carica papaya L.) by whole genome sequence analysis was demonstrated. Whole genome sequence data were generated for a GM-positive fresh papaya fruit commodity detected in monitoring using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequences obtained were mapped against an open database for papaya genome sequence. Transgenic construct- and event-specific sequences were identified as a GM papaya developed to resist infection from a Papaya ringspot virus. Based on the transgenic sequences, a specific real-time PCR detection method for GM papaya applicable to various food commodities was developed. Whole genome sequence analysis enabled identifying unknown transgenic construct- and event-specific sequences in GM papaya and development of a reliable method for detecting them in papaya food commodities. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Costs of food waste along the value chain: evidence from South Africa.

    PubMed

    Nahman, Anton; de Lange, Willem

    2013-11-01

    In a previous paper (Nahman et al., 2012), the authors estimated the costs of household food waste in South Africa, based on the market value of the wasted food (edible portion only), as well as the costs of disposal to landfill. In this paper, we extend the analysis by assessing the costs of edible food waste throughout the entire food value chain, from agricultural production through to consumption at the household level. First, food waste at each stage of the value chain was quantified in physical units (tonnes) for various food commodity groups. Then, weighted average representative prices (per tonne) were estimated for each commodity group at each stage of the value chain. Finally, prices were multiplied by quantities, and the resulting values were aggregated across the value chain for all commodity groups. In this way, the total cost of food waste across the food value chain in South Africa was estimated at R61.5 billion per annum (approximately US$7.7 billion); equivalent to 2.1% of South Africa's annual gross domestic product. The bulk of this cost arises from the processing and distribution stages of the fruit and vegetable value chain, as well as the agricultural production and distribution stages of the meat value chain. These results therefore provide an indication of where interventions aimed at reducing food waste should be targeted. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. 17 CFR 4.41 - Advertising by commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and the principals thereof.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... operators, commodity trading advisors, and the principals thereof. 4.41 Section 4.41 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Advertising § 4.41 Advertising by commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and the...

  6. 40 CFR 180.360 - Asulam; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.05 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.2 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 0.2 Hog, fat 0.05 Hog, meat 0.05 Hog, meat byproducts 0.2 Horse, fat 0.05 Horse, meat 0.05 Horse, meat byproducts 0.2 Milk 0.05 Sheep, fat 0...

  7. 40 CFR 180.274 - Propanil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (3, 4-DCA) in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.10 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 1.0 Crayfish 0.05 Egg 0.30 Goat, fat 0.10 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 1.0 Hog, fat 0.10 Hog, meat 0.05 Hog, meat byproducts 1.0 Horse, fat 0.10 Horse, meat 0...

  8. 40 CFR 180.274 - Propanil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (3, 4-DCA) in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.10 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 1.0 Crayfish 0.05 Egg 0.30 Goat, fat 0.10 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 1.0 Hog, fat 0.10 Hog, meat 0.05 Hog, meat byproducts 1.0 Horse, fat 0.10 Horse, meat 0...

  9. 40 CFR 180.360 - Asulam; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.05 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.2 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 0.2 Hog, fat 0.05 Hog, meat 0.05 Hog, meat byproducts 0.2 Horse, fat 0.05 Horse, meat 0.05 Horse, meat byproducts 0.2 Milk 0.05 Sheep, fat 0...

  10. 40 CFR 180.274 - Propanil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (3, 4-DCA) in or on the following food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.10 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 1.0 Crayfish 0.05 Egg 0.30 Goat, fat 0.10 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 1.0 Hog, fat 0.10 Hog, meat 0.05 Hog, meat byproducts 1.0 Horse, fat 0.10 Horse, meat 0...

  11. 40 CFR 180.360 - Asulam; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.05 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.2 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 0.2 Hog, fat 0.05 Hog, meat 0.05 Hog, meat byproducts 0.2 Horse, fat 0.05 Horse, meat 0.05 Horse, meat byproducts 0.2 Milk 0.05 Sheep, fat 0...

  12. 40 CFR 180.360 - Asulam; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.05 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.2 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 0.2 Hog, fat 0.05 Hog, meat 0.05 Hog, meat byproducts 0.2 Horse, fat 0.05 Horse, meat 0.05 Horse, meat byproducts 0.2 Milk 0.05 Sheep, fat 0...

  13. 40 CFR 180.360 - Asulam; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... food commodities: Commodity Parts per million Cattle, fat 0.05 Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.2 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat byproducts 0.2 Hog, fat 0.05 Hog, meat 0.05 Hog, meat byproducts 0.2 Horse, fat 0.05 Horse, meat 0.05 Horse, meat byproducts 0.2 Milk 0.05 Sheep, fat 0...

  14. Dietary guidelines in the Czech Republic. II.: Nutritional profiles of food groups.

    PubMed

    Brázdová, Z; Fiala, J; Bauerová, J; Mullerová, D

    2000-11-01

    Modern dietary guidelines set in terms of food groups are easy to use and understand for target populations, but rather complicated from the point of view of quantification, i.e. the correctly set number of recommended servings in different population groups according to age, sex, physical activity and physiological status on the basis of required intake of energy and individual nutrients. It is the use of abstract comprehensive food groups that makes it impossible to use a simple database of food tables based on the content of nutrients in individual foods, rather than their groups. Using groups requires that their nutritional profiles be established, i.e. that an average content of nutrients and energy for individual groups be calculated. To calculate nutritional profiles for Czech dietary guidelines, the authors used three different methods: (1) Simple profiles, with all commodities with significant representation in the Czech food basket represented in equal amounts. (2) Profiles based on typical servings, with the same commodities as in (1) but in characteristic intake quantities (typical servings). (3) Food basket-based profiles with commodities constituting the Czech food basket in quantities identical for that basket. The results showed significant differences in profiles calculated by different methods. Calculated nutrient intakes were particularly influenced by the size of typical servings and it is therefore essential that a realistic size of servings be used in calculations. The consistent use of recommended food items throughout all food groups and subgroups is very important. The number of servings of foods from the five food groups is not enough if a suitable food item is not chosen within individual groups. On the basis of their findings, the authors fully recommend the use of nutritional profiles based on typical servings that give a realistic idea of the probable energy and nutrient content in the recommended daily intake. In view of regional cultural differences, national nutritional profiles play a vital importance. Population studies investigating the size of the typical servings and the most frequently occurring commodities in the food basket should be made every three years. Nutritional profiles designed in this way constitute an important starting point for setting national dietary guidelines, their implementation and revisions.

  15. Fuel Cells and Other Emerging Manportable Power Technologies for the NATO Warfighter. Part 1: Power Sources for Manportable/Manwearable Applications (Piles a combustible et autres technologies portatives d’alimentation en energie pour les combattants de l’OTAN - Partie 1: Sources d’alimentation pour les applications transportables/portables par l’homme)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-10-01

    increases, the power source weight budget has to be traded against traditional soldier commodities such as ammunition, water and food . As the...When one considers the other commodities he is required to carry such as food , water, ammunition, etc., the weight burden will undoubtedly have a...Others have flexible outer packaging similar to that used in food processing, which are flexible. Flexible packages are emerging which enable the

  16. Exchanging the liquidity hypothesis: Delay discounting of money and self-relevant non-money rewards.

    PubMed

    Stuppy-Sullivan, Allison M; Tormohlen, Kayla N; Yi, Richard

    2016-01-01

    Evidence that primary rewards (e.g., food and drugs of abuse) are discounted more than money is frequently attributed to money's high degree of liquidity, or exchangeability for many commodities. The present study provides some evidence against this liquidity hypothesis by contrasting delay discounting of monetary rewards (liquid) and non-monetary commodities (non-liquid) that are self-relevant and utility-matched. Ninety-seven (97) undergraduate students initially completed a conventional binary-choice delay discounting of money task. Participants returned one week later and completed a self-relevant commodity delay discounting task. Both conventional hypothesis testing and more-conservative tests of statistical equivalence revealed correspondence in rate of delay discounting of money and self-relevant commodities, and in one magnitude condition, less discounting for the latter. The present results indicate that liquidity of money cannot fully account for the lower rate of delay discounting compared to non-money rewards. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. 17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4 Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. Part 4 of...

  18. 17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4 Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. Part 4 of...

  19. 17 CFR 4.13 - Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... a commodity pool operator. 4.13 Section 4.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.13 Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator. This section is...

  20. Lytic bacteriophages

    PubMed Central

    Sharma, Manan

    2013-01-01

    Foodborne illnesses resulting from the consumption of produce commodities contaminated with enteric pathogens continue to be a significant public health issue. Lytic bacteriophages may provide an effective and natural intervention to reduce bacterial pathogens on fresh and fresh-cut produce commodities. The use of multi-phage cocktails specific for a single pathogen has been most frequently assessed on produce commodities to minimize the development of bacteriophage insensitive mutants (BIM) in target pathogen populations. Regulatory approval for the use of several lytic phage products specific for bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in foods and on food processing surfaces has been granted by various agencies in the US and other countries, possibly allowing for the more widespread use of bacteriophages in the decontamination of fresh and minimally processed produce. Research studies have shown lytic bacteriophages specific for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes have been effective in reducing pathogen populations on leafy greens, sprouts and tomatoes. PMID:24228223

  1. 17 CFR 32.9 - Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions. 32.9 Section 32.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.9 Fraud in connection with commodity...

  2. Application of Bayesian techniques to model the burden of human salmonellosis attributable to U.S. food commodities at the point of processing: adaptation of a Danish model.

    PubMed

    Guo, Chuanfa; Hoekstra, Robert M; Schroeder, Carl M; Pires, Sara Monteiro; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Hartnett, Emma; Naugle, Alecia; Harman, Jane; Bennett, Patricia; Cieslak, Paul; Scallan, Elaine; Rose, Bonnie; Holt, Kristin G; Kissler, Bonnie; Mbandi, Evelyne; Roodsari, Reza; Angulo, Frederick J; Cole, Dana

    2011-04-01

    Mathematical models that estimate the proportion of foodborne illnesses attributable to food commodities at specific points in the food chain may be useful to risk managers and policy makers to formulate public health goals, prioritize interventions, and document the effectiveness of mitigations aimed at reducing illness. Using human surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Salmonella testing data from U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service's regulatory programs, we developed a point-of-processing foodborne illness attribution model by adapting the Hald Salmonella Bayesian source attribution model. Key model outputs include estimates of the relative proportions of domestically acquired sporadic human Salmonella infections resulting from contamination of raw meat, poultry, and egg products processed in the United States from 1998 through 2003. The current model estimates the relative contribution of chicken (48%), ground beef (28%), turkey (17%), egg products (6%), intact beef (1%), and pork (<1%) across 109 Salmonella serotypes found in food commodities at point of processing. While interpretation of the attribution estimates is constrained by data inputs, the adapted model shows promise and may serve as a basis for a common approach to attribution of human salmonellosis and food safety decision-making in more than one country. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

  3. Application of Bayesian Techniques to Model the Burden of Human Salmonellosis Attributable to U.S. Food Commodities at the Point of Processing: Adaptation of a Danish Model

    PubMed Central

    Guo, Chuanfa; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Schroeder, Carl M.; Pires, Sara Monteiro; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Hartnett, Emma; Naugle, Alecia; Harman, Jane; Bennett, Patricia; Cieslak, Paul; Scallan, Elaine; Rose, Bonnie; Holt, Kristin G.; Kissler, Bonnie; Mbandi, Evelyne; Roodsari, Reza; Angulo, Frederick J.

    2011-01-01

    Abstract Mathematical models that estimate the proportion of foodborne illnesses attributable to food commodities at specific points in the food chain may be useful to risk managers and policy makers to formulate public health goals, prioritize interventions, and document the effectiveness of mitigations aimed at reducing illness. Using human surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Salmonella testing data from U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service's regulatory programs, we developed a point-of-processing foodborne illness attribution model by adapting the Hald Salmonella Bayesian source attribution model. Key model outputs include estimates of the relative proportions of domestically acquired sporadic human Salmonella infections resulting from contamination of raw meat, poultry, and egg products processed in the United States from 1998 through 2003. The current model estimates the relative contribution of chicken (48%), ground beef (28%), turkey (17%), egg products (6%), intact beef (1%), and pork (<1%) across 109 Salmonella serotypes found in food commodities at point of processing. While interpretation of the attribution estimates is constrained by data inputs, the adapted model shows promise and may serve as a basis for a common approach to attribution of human salmonellosis and food safety decision-making in more than one country. PMID:21235394

  4. The Principles and the Specifics of Trading in Commodities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baran, Dušan; Herbacsková, Anita

    2012-12-01

    In the present period of instability on financial markets, investments in commodities are the solution for elimination of the consequences of inflation and ensure the yield. When investing in commodities, the use of specifics of commodities compared to other assets. The distribution of commodities we can interpret for agricultural commodities, commodities of energy, precious and other metals, and weather. Therefore, in the framework of the investment portfolio are the commodities. This is the reason why one of the most popular types of investment assets now become commodities. In the interpretation of particular commodities we talk about commodity futures. The reason is that the spot market with commodities is limited storage facilities. The growth of the popularity, which allows a wide range of commodities, has caused that in addition to from institutional investors and speculators for trade may involve even small investors. This development will be supplemented by interpretation of the charts and figers, which will be commented and used for generalization of knowledge. Finally, the article will be interpreted by the further development of the market for commodities as it by article assumes from the results of research.

  5. 17 CFR 32.13 - Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain agricultural commodities. 32.13 Section 32.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.13 Exemption from...

  6. Evaluation of chlorpyrifos transferred from contaminated feed to duck commodities and dietary risks to Chinese consumers.

    PubMed

    Li, Rui; Ji, Xiaofeng; He, Liang; Liu, Zhiqiang; Wei, Wei; Qiang, Mingrong; Wang, Qiang; Yuan, Yuwei

    2015-06-03

    The present study describes chlorpyrifos residues in duck commodities through the duck food chain, transfer factors, and dietary risks to Chinese consumers. After duck feeding experiments with pellet feed that lasted for 42 days, chlorpyrifos residues found in all samples collected from the ducks on maximum estimated dose group (3.20 mg/kg level) were from <0.0005 to 0.019 mg/kg. The residue levels of the fat, intestine, and tongue were obviously higher than those of the meat and other edible tissues. The transfer factors of all duck commodities were from 0.0001 to 0.0049 among different contamination levels, which indicated that chlorpyrifos had a low persistency in duck meat and metabolism organs. The chronic exposure assessment revealed that only 0.034-0.150% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0-0.01 mg/kg/bw/day) of chlorpyrifos was consumed via the duck commodities for different age and gender groups in China. The acute exposure assessments of different age and gender groups were only 0.019-0.082% of the acute reference dose (ARfD; 0-0.1 mg/kg/bw). The results show that the single dietary exposure risk of chlorpyrifos raised by the intake of duck commodities was quite low in China.

  7. The substitutability of cigarettes and food: A behavioral economic comparison in normal weight and overweight or obese smokers.

    PubMed

    Murphy, Cara M; Owens, Max M; Sweet, Lawrence H; MacKillop, James

    2016-12-01

    Obesity and cigarette smoking contribute to a multitude of preventable deaths in the United States and eating and smoking behavior may influence each other. The field of behavioral economics integrates principles from psychology and economics and permits systematic examination of how commodities interrelate with one another. Using this framework, the current study evaluated the effects of rising food and cigarette prices on consumption to investigate their substitutability and their relationship to BMI and associated variables. Behavioral economics categorizes commodities as substitutable when the consumption of one increases as a function of a price increase in the other. Smokers (N = 86) completed a 2-part hypothetical task in which money was allocated to purchase cigarettes and fast-food-style reinforcers (e.g., hamburgers, ice cream) at various prices. Results indicated that food and cigarettes were not substitutes for one another (cross-price elasticity coefficients < .20). Food purchases were independent of cigarette price, whereas cigarette purchases decreased as food price rose. Cross-price elasticity coefficients were significantly associated with confidence in one's ability to control weight without smoking (rs = -.23 and .29), but not BMI (rs = .04 and .04) or postcessation weight concerns (rs = -.05 and .12). Perceived ability to manage weight without cigarettes may influence who substitutes food for cigarettes when quitting. In addition, given observed decreases in purchases of both commodities as food prices increased, these findings imply that greater taxation of fast-food-style reinforcers could potentially reduce consumption of these foods and also cigarettes among smokers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  8. The Substitutability of Cigarettes and Food: A Behavioral Economic Comparison in Normal Weight and Overweight or Obese Smokers

    PubMed Central

    Murphy, Cara M.; Owens, Max M.; Sweet, Lawrence H.; MacKillop, James

    2017-01-01

    Obesity and cigarette smoking contribute to a multitude of preventable deaths in the US and eating and smoking behavior may influence each other. The field of behavioral economics integrates principles from psychology and economics and permits systematic examination of how commodities interrelate with one another. Using this framework, the current study evaluated the effects of rising food and cigarette prices on consumption to investigate their substitutability and their relationship to BMI and associated variables. Behavioral economics categorizes commodities as substitutable when the consumption of one increases as a function of a price increase in the other. Smokers (N = 86) completed a two-part hypothetical task in which money was allocated to purchase cigarettes and fast food-style reinforcers (e.g., hamburgers, ice cream) at various prices. Results indicated that food and cigarettes were not substitutes for one another (cross-price elasticity coefficients > .20). Food purchases were independent of cigarette price, whereas cigarette purchases decreased as food price rose. Cross-price elasticity coefficients were significantly associated with confidence in one’s ability to control weight without smoking (rs = −.23 and .29), but not BMI (rs = .04 and .04) or post-cessation weight concerns (rs = −.05 and .12). Perceived ability to manage weight without cigarettes may influence who substitutes food for cigarettes when quitting. In addition, given observed decreases in purchases of both commodities as food prices increased, these findings imply that greater taxation of fast food-style reinforcers could potentially reduce consumption of these foods and also cigarettes among smokers. PMID:27736143

  9. 17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4...

  10. 40 CFR 180.1159 - Pelargonic acid; exemption from the requirement of tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... food commodities when used as a plant regulator on plants, seeds, or cuttings and on all food..., dairies, breweries, wineries, beverage and food processing plants. [62 FR 28364, May 23, 1997, as amended...

  11. 40 CFR 180.1159 - Pelargonic acid; exemption from the requirement of tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... food commodities when used as a plant regulator on plants, seeds, or cuttings and on all food..., dairies, breweries, wineries, beverage and food processing plants. [62 FR 28364, May 23, 1997, as amended...

  12. 40 CFR 180.1159 - Pelargonic acid; exemption from the requirement of tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... food commodities when used as a plant regulator on plants, seeds, or cuttings and on all food..., dairies, breweries, wineries, beverage and food processing plants. [62 FR 28364, May 23, 1997, as amended...

  13. 40 CFR 180.1159 - Pelargonic acid; exemption from the requirement of tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... food commodities when used as a plant regulator on plants, seeds, or cuttings and on all food..., dairies, breweries, wineries, beverage and food processing plants. [62 FR 28364, May 23, 1997, as amended...

  14. 40 CFR 180.1159 - Pelargonic acid; exemption from the requirement of tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... food commodities when used as a plant regulator on plants, seeds, or cuttings and on all food..., dairies, breweries, wineries, beverage and food processing plants. [62 FR 28364, May 23, 1997, as amended...

  15. Urbanization and international trade and investment policies as determinants of noncommunicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa.

    PubMed

    Schram, Ashley; Labonté, Ronald; Sanders, David

    2013-01-01

    There are three dominant globalization pathways affecting noncommunicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): urbanization, trade liberalization, and investment liberalization. Urbanization carries potential health benefits due to improved access to an increased variety of food imports, although for the growing number of urban poor, this has often meant increased reliance on cheap, highly processed food commodities. Reduced barriers to trade have eased the importation of such commodities, while investment liberalization has increased corporate consolidation over global and domestic food chains. Higher profit margins on processed foods have promoted the creation of 'obesogenic' environments, which through progressively integrated global food systems have been increasingly 'exported' to developing nations. This article explores globalization processes, the food environment, and dietary health outcomes in SSA through the use of trend analyses and structural equation modelling. The findings are considered in the context of global barriers and facilitators for healthy public policy. © 2013.

  16. How water is different from energy and food?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hanasaki, N.; Oki, T.; Yano, S.

    2017-12-01

    Although water is rarely traded over long distances by itself, the total weight of the water consumed to produce traded commodities exceeds the weight of any other commodity traded in the world. This concept is known as virtual water trade. Although space-/time-/commodity-based quantification has been conducted extensively, the underlying causes of this peculiar feature have thus far received little exploration. Here, we use estimates of water consumption from a global hydrological model and statistical data related to food trade to elucidate three facts that explain the fundamental nature of virtual water trade with respect to alleviating water scarcity. First, we quantitatively illustrate the unique position of water among commodities based on its unit price and quantity of sales. Water has an extremely low unit price, and a tremendous volume of water is consumed per person each day. Second, we show that rich but water-scarce countries tend to reduce local water consumption by importing virtual water. Third, we demonstrate that nations characterized by net virtual water exports have higher water resources and income per capita and that no countries fall below a certain threshold with respect to both GDP and water resources. These points suggest that the virtual water trade is explained by economic characteristics of water and that sustainable development depends on promoting the co-development of poverty alleviation and water resource development.

  17. The dynamic simulation model of soybean in Central Java to support food self sufficiency: A supply chain perspective

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oktyajati, Nancy; Hisjam, Muh.; Sutopo, Wahyudi

    2018-02-01

    Consider food become one of the basic human needs in order to survive so food sufficiency become very important. Food sufficiency of soybean commodity in Central Java still depends on imported soybean. Insufficiency of soybean because of there is much gap between local soybean productions and its demand. In the year 2016 the shortage of supply soybean commodity as much 68.79%. Soybean is an important and strategic commodity after rice and corn. The increasing consumption of soybean is related to increasing population, increasing incomes, changing of healthy life style. The aims of this study are to determine the soybean dynamic model based on supply chain perspective, define the proper price of local soybean to trigger increasing of local production, and to define the alternative solution to support food self sufficiency. This study will capture the real condition into dynamics model, then simulate a series of scenario into a computer program to obtain the best results. This study will be conducted the following first scenario with government intervention policy and second without government intervention policy. The best solution of the alternative can be used as government consideration for governmental policy. The results of the propose scenarios showed that self sufficiency on soybean can be achieved after the next 20 years by increasing planting area 4% and land productivity 1% per year.

  18. 40 CFR 180.541 - Propetamphos; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... used to avoid contamination of food or food-contact surfaces. (2) Direct application shall be limited...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...) methoxyphosphinothioyl]oxy]-2-butenoate]) in food commodities exposed to the insecticide during treatment of food- or...

  19. 17 CFR 33.3 - Unlawful commodity option transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Unlawful commodity option... REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.3 Unlawful commodity option... of, or maintain a position in, any commodity option transaction subject to the provisions of this...

  20. 49 CFR 1248.100 - Commodity classification designated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Commodity classification designated. 1248.100... STATISTICS Commodity Code § 1248.100 Commodity classification designated. Commencing with reports for the..., reports of commodity statistics required to be made to the Board, shall be based on the commodity codes...

  1. 17 CFR 33.10 - Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions. 33.10 Section 33.10 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.10 Fraud in...

  2. 17 CFR 32.11 - Suspension of commodity option transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Suspension of commodity option... REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.11 Suspension of commodity option transactions. (a... accept money, securities or property in connection with, the purchase or sale of any commodity option, or...

  3. 7 CFR 251.4 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... existing food bank networks and other organizations whose ongoing primary function is to facilitate the... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 251.4...

  4. 7 CFR 247.34 - Management reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.34 Management reviews. (a) What must..., nutrition education, civil rights compliance, food storage practices, inventory controls, and financial...

  5. 7 CFR 247.34 - Management reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.34 Management reviews. (a) What must..., nutrition education, civil rights compliance, food storage practices, inventory controls, and financial...

  6. 7 CFR 247.34 - Management reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.34 Management reviews. (a) What must..., nutrition education, civil rights compliance, food storage practices, inventory controls, and financial...

  7. 7 CFR 247.34 - Management reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.34 Management reviews. (a) What must..., nutrition education, civil rights compliance, food storage practices, inventory controls, and financial...

  8. Need for Tolerances and Tolerance Exemptions for Minimum Risk Pesticides

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The ingredients used in minimum risk products used on food, food crops, food contact surfaces, or animal feed commodities generally have a tolerance or tolerance exemption. Learn about tolerances and tolerance exemptions for minimum risk ingredients.

  9. 7 CFR 65.135 - Covered commodity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.135 Covered commodity. (a) Covered commodity... nuts; (6) Pecans; and (7) Ginseng. (b) Covered commodities are excluded from this part if the commodity...

  10. 7 CFR 65.135 - Covered commodity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.135 Covered commodity. (a) Covered commodity... nuts; (6) Pecans; and (7) Ginseng. (b) Covered commodities are excluded from this part if the commodity...

  11. 7 CFR 65.135 - Covered commodity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.135 Covered commodity. (a) Covered commodity... nuts; (6) Pecans; and (7) Ginseng. (b) Covered commodities are excluded from this part if the commodity...

  12. 7 CFR 65.135 - Covered commodity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.135 Covered commodity. (a) Covered commodity... nuts; (6) Pecans; and (7) Ginseng. (b) Covered commodities are excluded from this part if the commodity...

  13. 7 CFR 65.220 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Processed food item. 65.220 Section 65.220 Agriculture..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.220 Processed food item. Processed food item... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., chocolate, breading, tomato sauce...

  14. 7 CFR 65.220 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Processed food item. 65.220 Section 65.220 Agriculture..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.220 Processed food item. Processed food item... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., chocolate, breading, tomato sauce...

  15. 7 CFR 65.220 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Processed food item. 65.220 Section 65.220 Agriculture..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.220 Processed food item. Processed food item... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., chocolate, breading, tomato sauce...

  16. 7 CFR 65.220 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Processed food item. 65.220 Section 65.220 Agriculture..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.220 Processed food item. Processed food item... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., chocolate, breading, tomato sauce...

  17. 7 CFR 65.220 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Processed food item. 65.220 Section 65.220 Agriculture..., PEANUTS, AND GINSENG General Provisions Definitions § 65.220 Processed food item. Processed food item... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., chocolate, breading, tomato sauce...

  18. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  19. 17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may...

  20. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  1. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  2. 17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may...

  3. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  4. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  5. Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks - United States, 1998-2008.

    PubMed

    Gould, L Hannah; Walsh, Kelly A; Vieira, Antonio R; Herman, Karen; Williams, Ian T; Hall, Aron J; Cole, Dana

    2013-06-28

    Foodborne diseases cause an estimated 48 million illnesses each year in the United States, including 9.4 million caused by known pathogens. Foodborne disease outbreak surveillance provides valuable insights into the agents and foods that cause illness and the settings in which transmission occurs. CDC maintains a surveillance program for collection and periodic reporting of data on the occurrence and causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. This surveillance system is the primary source of national data describing the numbers of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths; etiologic agents; implicated foods; contributing factors; and settings of food preparation and consumption associated with recognized foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. 1998-2008. The Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System collects data on foodborne disease outbreaks, defined as the occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food. Public health agencies in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.S. territories, and Freely Associated States have primary responsibility for identifying and investigating outbreaks and use a standard form to report outbreaks voluntarily to CDC. During 1998-2008, reporting was made through the electronic Foodborne Outbreak Reporting System (eFORS). During 1998-2008, CDC received reports of 13,405 foodborne disease outbreaks, which resulted in 273,120 reported cases of illness, 9,109 hospitalizations, and 200 deaths. Of the 7,998 outbreaks with a known etiology, 3,633 (45%) were caused by viruses, 3,613 (45%) were caused by bacteria, 685 (5%) were caused by chemical and toxic agents, and 67 (1%) were caused by parasites. Among the 7,724 (58%) outbreaks with an implicated food or contaminated ingredient reported, 3,264 (42%) could be assigned to one of 17 predefined commodity categories: fish, crustaceans, mollusks, dairy, eggs, beef, game, pork, poultry, grains/beans, oils/sugars, fruits/nuts, fungi, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, sprouts, and vegetables from a vine or stalk. The commodities implicated most commonly were poultry (18.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.4-20.3) and fish (18.6%; CI = 17.2-20), followed by beef (11.9%; CI = 10.8-13.1). The pathogen-commodity pairs most commonly responsible for outbreaks were scombroid toxin/histamine and fish (317 outbreaks), ciguatoxin and fish (172 outbreaks), Salmonella and poultry (145 outbreaks), and norovirus and leafy vegetables (141 outbreaks). The pathogen-commodity pairs most commonly responsible for outbreak-related illnesses were norovirus and leafy vegetables (4,011 illnesses), Clostridium perfringens and poultry (3,452 illnesses), Salmonella and vine-stalk vegetables (3,216 illnesses), and Clostridium perfringens and beef (2,963 illnesses). Compared with the first 2 years of the study (1998-1999), the percentage of outbreaks associated with leafy vegetables and dairy increased substantially during 2006-2008, while the percentage of outbreaks associated with eggs decreased. Outbreak reporting rates and implicated foods varied by state and year, respectively; analysis of surveillance data for this 11-year period provides important information regarding changes in sources of illness over time. A substantial percentage of foodborne disease outbreaks were associated with poultry, fish, and beef, whereas many outbreak-related illnesses were associated with poultry, leafy vegetables, beef, and fruits/nuts. The percentage of outbreaks associated with leafy vegetables and dairy increased during the surveillance period, while the percentage associated with eggs decreased. Outbreak surveillance data highlight the etiologic agents, foods, and settings involved most often in foodborne disease outbreaks and can help to identify food commodities and preparation settings in which interventions might be most effective. Analysis of data collected over several years of surveillance provides a means to assess changes in the food commodities associated most frequently with outbreaks that might occur following improvements in food safety or changes in consumption patterns or food preparation practices. Prevention of foodborne disease depends on targeted interventions at appropriate points from food production to food preparation. Efforts to reduce foodborne illness should focus on the pathogens and food commodities causing the most outbreaks and outbreak-associated illnesses, including beef, poultry, fish, and produce.

  6. 17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

  7. 17 CFR 37.4 - Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. 37.4 Section 37.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.4 Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. A board of trade that is or elects...

  8. 17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT ARE OPTIONS... contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a) Any board of trade desiring to be designated as a...

  9. 17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

  10. 17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may, after notice and...

  11. 17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT ARE OPTIONS ON CONTRACTS OF SALE OF A COMMODITY FOR FUTURE DELIVERY § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading...

  12. 17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

  13. 7 CFR 253.4 - Administration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... of Agriculture, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) shall be responsible for the Food Distribution... commodities, (iv) Keep appropriate records and submit required reports, (v) Budget and account for...

  14. 7 CFR 253.4 - Administration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... of Agriculture, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) shall be responsible for the Food Distribution... commodities, (iv) Keep appropriate records and submit required reports, (v) Budget and account for...

  15. 7 CFR 253.4 - Administration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... of Agriculture, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) shall be responsible for the Food Distribution... commodities, (iv) Keep appropriate records and submit required reports, (v) Budget and account for...

  16. 7 CFR 253.4 - Administration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... of Agriculture, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) shall be responsible for the Food Distribution... commodities, (iv) Keep appropriate records and submit required reports, (v) Budget and account for...

  17. 17 CFR 210.4-08 - General notes to financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., options, and other financial instruments with similar characteristics. (ii) Derivative commodity... futures, commodity forwards, commodity swaps, commodity options, and other commodity instruments with... policies for certain derivative instruments. Disclosures regarding accounting policies shall include...

  18. 7 CFR 60.119 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Processed food item. 60.119 Section 60.119 Agriculture... FOR FISH AND SHELLFISH General Provisions Definitions § 60.119 Processed food item. Processed food... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., breading, tomato sauce), except that...

  19. 7 CFR 60.119 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Processed food item. 60.119 Section 60.119 Agriculture... FOR FISH AND SHELLFISH General Provisions Definitions § 60.119 Processed food item. Processed food... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., breading, tomato sauce), except that...

  20. 7 CFR 60.119 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Processed food item. 60.119 Section 60.119 Agriculture... FOR FISH AND SHELLFISH General Provisions Definitions § 60.119 Processed food item. Processed food... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., breading, tomato sauce), except that...

  1. 7 CFR 60.119 - Processed food item.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Processed food item. 60.119 Section 60.119 Agriculture... FOR FISH AND SHELLFISH General Provisions Definitions § 60.119 Processed food item. Processed food... other covered commodity or other substantive food component (e.g., breading, tomato sauce), except that...

  2. 21 CFR 1.377 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., fruits, vegetables, fish, dairy products, eggs, raw agricultural commodities for use as food or components of food, animal feed, including pet food, food and feed ingredients and additives, including... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What definitions apply to this subpart? 1.377...

  3. 40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

  4. 40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

  5. 40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

  6. Pesticides in vegetable and food commodities: environment and public health concern.

    PubMed

    Thapa, K; Pant, B R

    2014-01-01

    Haphazard use of pesticides in the field and stored food commodities for the control of insect and pest has been a serious problem from view of environment and public health. The nutritional value of these is suppressed due to addition of toxins. The increased trend of Non communicable disease and communicable diseases may have close relation with the nutritious value and life styles associated with. The impacts on health should be considered as important issues from the view of public health. The article gives emphasis on organic farming & Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to minimize the harm of chemicals. It is deemed essential to think again about the current trend of malnutrition & obesity overweight among the Nepalese people and relationship with pesticides on the foods and vegetables.

  7. Learning and Engagement in the Local Food Movement

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bailey-Davis, Lisa

    2013-01-01

    The local food movement relates to the local food system that offers an alternative to the dominant industrialized food system. The hope of the local food movement is that through engagement with the local food system, participants will develop a deeper connection with the food beyond commodity perspectives, develop a social consciousness about…

  8. 75 FR 65321 - Notice of Receipt of Several Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-22

    ... production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532... . List of Subjects Environmental protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed additives, Food additives...

  9. 78 FR 70906 - Receipt of a Pesticide Petition Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). B... Part 180 Environmental protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed additives, Food additives, Pesticides...

  10. 7 CFR 247.31 - Audits and investigations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.31 Audits and investigations... and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  11. 7 CFR 247.31 - Audits and investigations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.31 Audits and investigations... and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  12. 7 CFR 247.31 - Audits and investigations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.31 Audits and investigations... and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  13. 7 CFR 247.31 - Audits and investigations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.31 Audits and investigations... and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  14. 7 CFR 247.31 - Audits and investigations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.31 Audits and investigations... and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  15. 76 FR 2110 - Notice of Receipt of a Pesticide Petition Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-12

    ...). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS... Environmental protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed additives, Food additives, Pesticides and pests...

  16. Fiscal incentives, behavior change and health promotion: what place in the health-in-all-policies toolkit?

    PubMed

    Sassi, Franco; Belloni, Annalisa

    2014-06-01

    Taxes, subsidies and welfare benefits may provide financial incentives to encourage healthy behaviors or discourage less healthy ones. Historically, taxes have been used in many countries to deter behaviors like tobacco smoking or harmful alcohol use. More recently, an increasing number of governments have sought to expand the scope for the use of fiscal measures in health promotion to foods and beverages high in fat, salt or sugar. A strong public health rationale, supported by a growing body of evidence of the health impacts of taxes and other fiscal measures, adds to the more traditional rationale for the use of commodity taxes, which hinges on their revenue-generating potential and their ability to address the costs imposed by consumers of health-related commodities on other individuals. Despite limitations in the existing evidence base, reviewed in this paper, taxes have been shown to generate significant health gains when applied to tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. In the case of foods and non-alcoholic beverages, the effects tend to build up over time and are stronger in people with lower socio-economic status. However, a number of potentially undesirable effects suggest that governments should exercise caution in planning and implementing taxes on health-related commodities. In particular, commodity taxes are generally regressive, and this is especially the case for taxes on tobacco, foods and non-alcoholic beverages, although the actual size of the tax burden involved is relatively modest. In addition, taxes may negatively impact on economic efficiency and social welfare, and may incentivize illicit activities. © OECD (2014). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  17. Food Science and Technology Abstracts.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cohen, Elinor; Federman, Joan

    1979-01-01

    Introduces the reader to the Food Science and Technology Abstracts, a data file that covers worldwide literature on human food commodities and aspects of food processing. Topics include scope, subject index, thesaurus, searching online, and abstracts; tables provide a comparison of ORBIT and DIALOG versions of the file. (JD)

  18. 78 FR 67099 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-08

    ... professionals, who provide meals in institutional settings, can locate processors who manufacture foods... Service Title: USDA Food Connect Web site. OMB Control Number: 0581-0224. Summary of Collection: The USDA Food Connect Web site (previously known as the USDA Food and Commodity Connection Web site) operates...

  19. Distributional assumptions in food and feed commodities- development of fit-for-purpose sampling protocols.

    PubMed

    Paoletti, Claudia; Esbensen, Kim H

    2015-01-01

    Material heterogeneity influences the effectiveness of sampling procedures. Most sampling guidelines used for assessment of food and/or feed commodities are based on classical statistical distribution requirements, the normal, binomial, and Poisson distributions-and almost universally rely on the assumption of randomness. However, this is unrealistic. The scientific food and feed community recognizes a strong preponderance of non random distribution within commodity lots, which should be a more realistic prerequisite for definition of effective sampling protocols. Nevertheless, these heterogeneity issues are overlooked as the prime focus is often placed only on financial, time, equipment, and personnel constraints instead of mandating acquisition of documented representative samples under realistic heterogeneity conditions. This study shows how the principles promulgated in the Theory of Sampling (TOS) and practically tested over 60 years provide an effective framework for dealing with the complete set of adverse aspects of both compositional and distributional heterogeneity (material sampling errors), as well as with the errors incurred by the sampling process itself. The results of an empirical European Union study on genetically modified soybean heterogeneity, Kernel Lot Distribution Assessment are summarized, as they have a strong bearing on the issue of proper sampling protocol development. TOS principles apply universally in the food and feed realm and must therefore be considered the only basis for development of valid sampling protocols free from distributional constraints.

  20. Targeting mycotoxin biosynthesis pathway genes

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Chemical detoxification and physical destruction of aflatoxins in foods and feed commodities is mostly unattainable in a way that preserves the edibility of the food. Therefore, preventing mycotoxins in general and aflatoxins in particular from entering the food chain is a better approach. This requ...

  1. U.S National cropland soil moisture monitoring using SMAP

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Crop condition information is critical for public and private sector decision making that concerns agricultural policy, food production, food security, and food commodity prices. Crop conditions change quickly due to various growing condition events, such as temperature extremes, soil moisture defic...

  2. 77 FR 40271 - Pasteuria

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-09

    ... production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532... all food commodities when applied as a nematicide and used in accordance with label directions and... Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. This...

  3. [Research progress on standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica and discussion on several key problems].

    PubMed

    Yang, Guang; Zeng, Yan; Guo, Lan-Ping; Huang, Lu-Qi; Jin, Yan; Zheng, Yu-Guang; Wang, Yong-Yan

    2014-05-01

    Standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica is an important way to solve the "Lemons Problem" of traditional Chinese medicine market. Standards of commodity classes are also helpful to rebuild market mechanisms for "high price for good quality". The previous edition of commodity classes standards of Chinese materia medica was made 30 years ago. It is no longer adapted to the market demand. This article researched progress on standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. It considered that biological activity is a better choice than chemical constituents for standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. It is also considered that the key point to set standards of commodity classes is finding the influencing factors between "good quality" and "bad quality". The article also discussed the range of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica, and how to coordinate standards of pharmacopoeia and commodity classes. According to different demands, diversiform standards can be used in commodity classes of Chinese materia medica, but efficacy is considered the most important index of commodity standard. Decoction pieces can be included in standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. The authors also formulated the standards of commodity classes of Notoginseng Radix as an example, and hope this study can make a positive and promotion effect on traditional Chinese medicine market related research.

  4. Local Staple Food Price Indices in the Age of Biofuels

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brown, Molly E.

    2012-01-01

    In many poor, food insecure regions, agriculture is a primary source of income and farmers are reliant both on their own production and on purchasing food in the market to feed their families. Large local food price increases over a short time period can be indicative of a deteriorating food security situation and may be the consequence of weather-related food production declines, Dr can simply be the result of price transmission from the international commodity market. Food price indices developed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) are used to monitor food price trends at a global level, but largely reflect supply and demand conditions in export markets far from the places where the chronically food insecure live. A much better understanding of how local staple food prices in isolated regions such as West Africa that grow most of the food they eat to better understand the impact of global commodity market transformations on sensitive communities at the margin. This information will also enable improved strategies for these farmers who are extraordinarily sensitive to climate change impacts on agricultural growing conditions.

  5. 17 CFR 32.5 - Disclosure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... effect of any foreign currency fluctuations with respect to commodity option transactions which are to be... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Disclosure. 32.5 Section 32.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION...

  6. 17 CFR 31.6 - Registration of leverage commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... commodities. 31.6 Section 31.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... applied to the National Futures Association for registration as a leverage transaction merchant; (2... the spot, forward, and futures markets for the generic commodity; (3) Specify a commercial or retail...

  7. 7 CFR 250.57 - Commodity schools.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Commodity schools. 250.57 Section 250.57 Agriculture... TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS AND AREAS UNDER ITS JURISDICTION National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and Other Child Nutrition Programs § 250.57 Commodity schools. (a) Categorization of commodity schools. Commodity...

  8. 7 CFR 250.57 - Commodity schools.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commodity schools. 250.57 Section 250.57 Agriculture... TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS AND AREAS UNDER ITS JURISDICTION National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and Other Child Nutrition Programs § 250.57 Commodity schools. (a) Categorization of commodity schools. Commodity...

  9. Susceptibility of juvenile European lobster Homarus gammarus to shrimp products infected with high and low doses of white spot syndrome virus.

    PubMed

    Bateman, K S; Munro, J; Uglow, B; Small, H J; Stentiford, G D

    2012-08-27

    White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most important pathogen known to affect the sustainability and growth of the global penaeid shrimp farming industry. Although most commonly associated with penaeid shrimp farmed in warm waters, WSSV is also able to infect, cause disease in and kill a wide range of other decapod crustaceans, including lobsters, from temperate regions. In 2005, the European Union imported US$500 million worth of raw frozen or cooked frozen commodity products, much of which originated in regions positive for white spot disease (WSD). The presence of WSSV within the UK food market was verified by means of nested PCR performed on samples collected from a small-scale survey of supermarket commodity shrimp. Passage trials using inoculum derived from commodity shrimp from supermarkets and delivered by injection to specific pathogen-free Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei led to rapid mortality and pathognomonic signs of WSD in the shrimp, demonstrating that WSSV present within commodity shrimp was viable. We exposed a representative European decapod crustacean, the European lobster Homarus gammarus, to a single feeding of WSSV-positive, supermarket-derived commodity shrimp, and to positive control material (L. vannamei infected with a high dose of WSSV). These trials demonstrated that lobsters fed positive control (high dose) frozen raw products succumbed to WSD and displayed pathognomonic signs associated with the disease as determined by means of histology and transmission electron microscopy. Lobsters fed WSSV-positive, supermarket-derived commodity shrimp (low dose) did not succumb to WSD (no mortality or pathognomonic signs of WSD) but demonstrated a low level or latent infection via PCR. This study confirms susceptibility of H. gammarus to WSSV via single feedings of previously frozen raw shrimp products obtained directly from supermarkets.

  10. 76 FR 69690 - Receipt of Several Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-09

    ... code 112). [emsp14]Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). [emsp14]Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code... . List of Subjects Environmental protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed additives, Food additives...

  11. 77 FR 63782 - Receipt of a Pesticide Petition Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on a Commodity

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-17

    ...). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). B. What should I..., Feed additives, Food additives, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Dated...

  12. Commodity and Pest Data - National Site for the Regional IPM Centers

    Science.gov Websites

    of Agriculture - National Institute of Food and Agriculture Website managed by the Southern IPM the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Last update: April 24, 2018.

  13. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  14. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  15. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  16. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  17. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  18. 77 FR 59576 - Receipt of a Pesticide Petition Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-28

    ...). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). B. What should I... protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed additives, Food additives, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and...

  19. Chemical and biological approaches for mycotoxin control: a review.

    PubMed

    Edlayne, Gonçalez; Simone, Aquino; Felicio, Joana D

    2009-06-01

    Mycotoxins are metabolites and toxic substances produced by certain filamentous fungi that frequently contaminate food and agriculture commodities, which cause disease in animals or man. The toxigenic fungi belong to mainly three genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Examples of mycotoxins of greatest public health and agroeconomic significance include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, patulin and ergot alkaloids. Commodities susceptible to direct contamination with mycotoxins include nuts, oilseeds and grains. Chemical and biological treatments have been attempted to minimize the risk of mycotoxins contamination or eliminate the fungi of food and feeds. One way to prevent or interfere with fungal growth and mycotoxin production is by use of synthetic or natural agents. Bacteria have been studied to control the mycotoxins production and fungal growth in food. Plant genotypes resistant to infection by toxigenic fungi have been also studied. This review will approach same patented methods applied to degrade, prevent and control of mycotoxins in food and feeds.

  20. 40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... after each use of the product. (iv) Contamination of food or food contact surfaces shall be avoided...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

  1. 17 CFR 14.4 - Violation of Commodity Exchange Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Violation of Commodity Exchange Act. 14.4 Section 14.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... Exchange Act. The Commission may deny, temporarily or permanently, the privilege of appearing or practicing...

  2. 17 CFR 3.10 - Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., commodity pool operators and leverage transaction merchants. 3.10 Section 3.10 Commodity and Securities..., commodity pool operators and leverage transaction merchants. (a) Application for registration. (1)(i) Except... merchant, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool...

  3. 7 CFR 247.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.1 Definitions. Following is a list of.... FNS means the Food and Nutrition Service. Infants means persons under one year of age. Local agency...

  4. 48 CFR 32.903 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... that will be subject to different payment terms; and (2) The applicable Prompt Payment food category (e.g., which item numbers are meat or meat food products, which are perishable agricultural commodities), when the solicitation or contract contains multiple payment terms for various classes of foods and...

  5. 7 CFR 252.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... industry, acting in cooperation with the States and FNS, to develop new markets in which donated food may... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION NATIONAL COMMODITY PROCESSING PROGRAM § 252.1 Purpose...

  6. 29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

  7. 29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

  8. 29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

  9. 29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

  10. 29 CFR 780.114 - Wild commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Agricultural Or Horticultural Commodities § 780.114 Wild commodities. Employees engaged in the gathering or harvesting of wild commodities such as mosses, wild rice, burls and laurel plants, the trapping of wild... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Wild commodities. 780.114 Section 780.114 Labor Regulations...

  11. 17 CFR 37.3 - Requirements for underlying commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 5a(b)(3) of the Act, may trade any contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery (or option on... that are a security futures product, and the registered derivatives transaction execution facility is a... commodities. 37.3 Section 37.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION...

  12. 17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading on a Registered... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.32 Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution...

  13. 17 CFR 32.3 - Unlawful commodity option transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Unlawful commodity option... REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.3 Unlawful commodity option transactions. (a) On and after... extend credit in lieu thereof) from an option customer as payment of the purchase price in connection...

  14. 17 CFR 37.4 - Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. 37.4 Section 37.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.4 Election to trade excluded and exempt...

  15. 17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading on a Registered... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.32 Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution...

  16. 49 CFR 1248.100 - Commodity classification designated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... STATISTICS Commodity Code § 1248.100 Commodity classification designated. Commencing with reports for the..., reports of commodity statistics required to be made to the Board, shall be based on the commodity codes... Statistics, 1963, issued by the Bureau of the Budget, and on additional codes 411 through 462 shown in § 1248...

  17. Multiple commodities in statistical microeconomics: Model and market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baaquie, Belal E.; Yu, Miao; Du, Xin

    2016-11-01

    A statistical generalization of microeconomics has been made in Baaquie (2013). In Baaquie et al. (2015), the market behavior of single commodities was analyzed and it was shown that market data provides strong support for the statistical microeconomic description of commodity prices. The case of multiple commodities is studied and a parsimonious generalization of the single commodity model is made for the multiple commodities case. Market data shows that the generalization can accurately model the simultaneous correlation functions of up to four commodities. To accurately model five or more commodities, further terms have to be included in the model. This study shows that the statistical microeconomics approach is a comprehensive and complete formulation of microeconomics, and which is independent to the mainstream formulation of microeconomics.

  18. The Influence Of Highway Transportation Infrastructure Condition Toward Commodity Production Generation for The Resilience Needs at Regional Internal Zone

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akbardin, Juang; Parikesit, Danang; Riyanto, Bambang; Mulyono, Agus Taufik

    2018-02-01

    The poultry commodity consumption and requirement is one of the main commodities that must be fulfilled in a region to maintain the availability of meat from poultry. Poultry commodity production is one of the production sectors that have a clean environment resistance. An increasing of poultry commodity generation production requires a smooth distribution to arrive at the processing. The livestock location as a commodity production is placed at a considerable far distance from residential and market locations. Zones that have poultry commodity production have an excess potential to supply other zones that are lacking in production to the consumption of these commodities. The condition of highway transportation infrastructure that is very diverse with the damage level availability in a zone has an influence in the supply and demand of poultry commodity requirement in the regional internal of Central Java province. In order to know the effect of highway transportation infrastructure condition toward the poultry commodity movement, demography factor and availability of freight vehicles will be reviewed to estimate the amount of poultry commodity movement generation production. Thus the poultry commodity consumption requirement that located in the internal - regional zone of central java province can be adequated from the zone. So it can be minimized the negative impacts that affect the environment at the zone in terms of comparison of the movement attraction and generation production at poultry commodity in Central Java.

  19. [Study on the reorganization of standards related to food contact ceramics and porcelains].

    PubMed

    Zhang, Jianbo; Zhu, Lei; Zhang, Hong; Liu, Shan; Wang, Zhutian

    2014-07-01

    To solve the problem of overlap, iterance and conflict among current standards related to food contact ceramics and porcelains. To collect all the current standards related to food contact ceramics and porcelains and reorganize them following the settled principles and method and list the standards that need to be revoked, revised, incorporated, or keep valid and excluded from the food safety standard system. 19 standards were collected in this study and reorganized. The main food safety indexes in these standards were the limits for lead and cadmium that released from food contact ceramics and porcelains. There were released limits for lead and cadmium in 10 standards, including 4 horizontal standards and 6 commodity standards. The provisions in these 10 standards were in conflict. And as a result of this, the 4 horizontal standards were suggested to be incorporated and revised to one food safety standard, while the 6 commodity standards were suggested to be revised and exclude the lead and cadmium provisions. Another 7 commodity standards only referenced provisions for lead and cadmium limits from horizontal standards, and these 7 standards were suggested to be excluded from food safety standard system. There were no food safety indexes in 2 standards of the 19 standards, these standards were considered not related to food safety and no need to be reorganized. There were conflicts about the released limits of lead and cadmium among the current standards related to food contact ceramics and porcelains. So, it is necessary to a set up a new food safety standard for released lead and cadmium permissible limits which can apply to all food contact ceramics and porcelains. This food safety standard should be based on food safety risk assessment and the actual situations of manufacture and usage of food contact ceramics and porcelains. The provisions in international standards and relative standards from other countries can also provide references to this standard.

  20. Commodes: inconvenient conveniences.

    PubMed

    Naylor, J R; Mulley, G P

    1993-11-13

    To investigate use of commodes and attitudes of users and carers to them. Interview with semi-structured questionnaire of subjects supplied with commodes from Leeds community appliance centre. 140 users of a commode and 105 of their carers. Main reasons for being supplied with a commode were impaired mobility (130 subjects), difficulty in climbing stairs (128), and urinary incontinence (127). Main concerns of users and carers were lack of privacy (120 subjects felt embarrassed about using their commode, and 96 would not use it if someone was present); unpleasant smells (especially for 20 subjects who were confined to one room); physical appearance of commode chair (101 users said it had an unfavourable appearance, and 44 had tried to disguise it); and lack of follow up after commode was supplied (only 15 users and carers knew who to contact if there were problems). Users generally either had very positive or very negative attitudes to their commodes but most carers viewed them very negatively, especially with regard to cleaning them. Health professionals should be aware of people's need for privacy when advising them where to keep their commode. A standard commode is inappropriate for people confined to one room, and alternatives such as a chemical toilet should be considered. Regular follow up is needed to identify any problems such as uncomfortable or unsafe chairs. More thought should be given to the appearance of commodes in their design.

  1. 29 CFR 784.110 - Performing operations both on nonaquatic products and named aquatic products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of the exemptions is applicable to the making of any commodities from ingredients only part of which... codfish cakes, clam chowder, dog food, crab cakes, or livestock food containing aquatic products is often...

  2. 40 CFR 180.1246 - Yeast Extract Hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: exemption from the requirement of a...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on all food commodities when applied/used for the management of... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1246 Yeast Extract Hydrolysate from...

  3. 75 FR 67794 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Granting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-03

    ... commodities or commodity futures, options on commodities, or other commodity derivatives or Commodity-Based... options or other derivatives on any of the foregoing; or (b) interest rate futures or options or... derivatives on any of the foregoing; or (b) interest rate futures or options or derivatives on the foregoing...

  4. 17 CFR 15.00 - Definitions of terms used in parts 15 to 21 of this chapter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... commodity, means the actual commodity as distinguished from a futures or options contract in such commodity... for future delivery or commodity option transactions, or for effecting settlements of contracts for future delivery or commodity option transactions, for and between members of any designated contract...

  5. 75 FR 71762 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-24

    ... commodities or commodity futures, options on commodities, or other commodity derivatives or Commodity-Based...) interest rate futures or options or derivatives on the foregoing in this subparagraph (b) (``Futures... options or other derivatives on any of the foregoing; or (b) interest rate futures or options or...

  6. 17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions... commodity pool operator and the person's commodity trading advice is directed solely to, and for the sole use of, the pool or pools for which it is so registered; (5) It is exempt from registration as a...

  7. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 43 - Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Enumerated Physical Commodity... TRADING COMMISSION REAL-TIME PUBLIC REPORTING Pt. 43, App. B Appendix B to Part 43—Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts Agriculture ICE Futures U.S...

  8. 17 CFR 32.13 - Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exemption from prohibition of... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION... are met at the time of the solicitation or acceptance: (1) That person is registered with the...

  9. 17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers. 4.32 Section 4.32 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING...

  10. Radiation preservation of foods of plant origin. Part VI. Mushrooms, tomatoes, minor fruits and vegetables, dried fruits, and nuts.

    PubMed

    Thomas, P

    1988-01-01

    In this concluding article in the series on the technological feasibility of ionizing radiation treatment for shelf life improvement of fruits and vegetables, the present status of research on several commodities that have not been dealt with earlier is discussed. The commodities include mushrooms, tomatoes, pineapples, lychees, longans, rambutans, mangostenes, guavas, sapotas, loquats, ber, soursops, passion fruits, persimmons, figs, melons, cucumbers, aubergines, globe artichokes, endives, lettuce, ginger, carrots, beet roots, turnips, olives, dates, chestnuts, almonds, pistachios, and other dried fruits and nuts. Changes induced by irradiation on metabolism, chemical constituents, and organoleptic qualities are considered while evaluating the shelf life. The commodities have been grouped into those showing potential benefits and those not showing any clear advantages from radiation treatment. Shelf life improvement of mushrooms and insect disinfestation in dried fruits, nuts, and certain fresh fruits appears to have immediate potential for commercial application.

  11. Kinetic market models with single commodity having price fluctuations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chatterjee, A.; Chakrabarti, B. K.

    2006-12-01

    We study here numerically the behavior of an ideal gas like model of markets having only one non-consumable commodity. We investigate the behavior of the steady-state distributions of money, commodity and total wealth, as the dynamics of trading or exchange of money and commodity proceeds, with local (in time) fluctuations in the price of the commodity. These distributions are studied in markets with agents having uniform and random saving factors. The self-organizing features in money distribution are similar to the cases without any commodity (or with consumable commodities), while the commodity distribution shows an exponential decay. The wealth distribution shows interesting behavior: gamma like distribution for uniform saving propensity and has the same power-law tail, as that of the money distribution, for a market with agents having random saving propensity.

  12. 7 CFR 252.6 - Miscellaneous provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Miscellaneous provisions. (a) Improper distribution or loss of or damage to donated food. If a processor improperly distributes or uses any donated food, or causes loss of or damage to a donated food through its... commodity related funds, assets, or property in child nutrition programs. Whoever embezzles, willfully...

  13. 7 CFR 252.6 - Miscellaneous provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Miscellaneous provisions. (a) Improper distribution or loss of or damage to donated food. If a processor improperly distributes or uses any donated food, or causes loss of or damage to a donated food through its... commodity related funds, assets, or property in child nutrition programs. Whoever embezzles, willfully...

  14. 7 CFR 252.6 - Miscellaneous provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Miscellaneous provisions. (a) Improper distribution or loss of or damage to donated food. If a processor improperly distributes or uses any donated food, or causes loss of or damage to a donated food through its... commodity related funds, assets, or property in child nutrition programs. Whoever embezzles, willfully...

  15. 7 CFR 252.6 - Miscellaneous provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Miscellaneous provisions. (a) Improper distribution or loss of or damage to donated food. If a processor improperly distributes or uses any donated food, or causes loss of or damage to a donated food through its... commodity related funds, assets, or property in child nutrition programs. Whoever embezzles, willfully...

  16. 7 CFR 252.6 - Miscellaneous provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Miscellaneous provisions. (a) Improper distribution or loss of or damage to donated food. If a processor improperly distributes or uses any donated food, or causes loss of or damage to a donated food through its... commodity related funds, assets, or property in child nutrition programs. Whoever embezzles, willfully...

  17. 21 CFR 1.276 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... a Territory, the FDA Country of Production is the United States. (5) Food has the meaning given in... include fruits, vegetables, fish, including seafood, dairy products, eggs, raw agricultural commodities... (including alcoholic beverages and bottled water), live food animals, bakery goods, snack foods, candy, and...

  18. 21 CFR 1.276 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... a Territory, the FDA Country of Production is the United States. (5) Food has the meaning given in... include fruits, vegetables, fish, including seafood, dairy products, eggs, raw agricultural commodities... (including alcoholic beverages and bottled water), live food animals, bakery goods, snack foods, candy, and...

  19. 21 CFR 1.276 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... a Territory, the FDA Country of Production is the United States. (5) Food has the meaning given in... include fruits, vegetables, fish, including seafood, dairy products, eggs, raw agricultural commodities... (including alcoholic beverages and bottled water), live food animals, bakery goods, snack foods, candy, and...

  20. 21 CFR 1.276 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... a Territory, the FDA Country of Production is the United States. (5) Food has the meaning given in... include fruits, vegetables, fish, including seafood, dairy products, eggs, raw agricultural commodities... (including alcoholic beverages and bottled water), live food animals, bakery goods, snack foods, candy, and...

  1. 77 FR 8736 - Pasteuria nishizawae

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-15

    ... (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This... for residues of Pasteuria nishizawae--Pn1 in or on all food commodities when applied as a nematicide... petition to EPA under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting an exemption from the...

  2. 9 CFR 301.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... carcass, part thereof, meat or meat food product under one or more of the following circumstances: (1) If... one which is: (A) A pesticide chemical in or on a raw agricultural commodity; (B) A food additive; or...

  3. 9 CFR 301.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... carcass, part thereof, meat or meat food product under one or more of the following circumstances: (1) If... one which is: (A) A pesticide chemical in or on a raw agricultural commodity; (B) A food additive; or...

  4. 9 CFR 301.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY... carcass, part thereof, meat or meat food product under one or more of the following circumstances: (1) If... one which is: (A) A pesticide chemical in or on a raw agricultural commodity; (B) A food additive; or...

  5. The Effects of Digital Marketing of Unhealthy Commodities on Young People: A Systematic Review

    PubMed Central

    Buchanan, Limin; Kelly, Bridget; Kariippanon, Kishan

    2018-01-01

    The marketing of unhealthy commodities through traditional media is known to impact consumers’ product attitudes and behaviors. Less is known about the impacts of digital marketing (online promotional activities), especially among young people who have a strong online presence. This review systematically assesses the relationship between digital marketing and young people’s attitudes and behaviors towards unhealthy commodities. Literature was identified in June 2017 by searches in six electronic databases. Primary studies (both qualitative and quantitative) that examined the effect of digital marketing of unhealthy food or beverages, alcohol and tobacco products on young people’s (12 to 30 years) attitudes, intended and actual consumption were reviewed. 28 relevant studies were identified. Significant detrimental effects of digital marketing on the intended use and actual consumption of unhealthy commodities were revealed in the majority of the included studies. Findings from the qualitative studies were summarized and these findings provided insights on how digital marketing exerts effects on young people. One of the key findings was that marketers used peer-to-peer transmission of messages on social networking sites (e.g., friends’ likes and comments on Facebook) to blur the boundary between marketing contents and online peer activities. Digital marketing of unhealthy commodities is associated with young people’s use and beliefs of these products. The effects of digital marketing varied between product types and peer endorsed marketing (earned media) may exert greater negative impacts than owned or paid media marketing. PMID:29382140

  6. The Effects of Digital Marketing of Unhealthy Commodities on Young People: A Systematic Review.

    PubMed

    Buchanan, Limin; Kelly, Bridget; Yeatman, Heather; Kariippanon, Kishan

    2018-01-29

    The marketing of unhealthy commodities through traditional media is known to impact consumers' product attitudes and behaviors. Less is known about the impacts of digital marketing (online promotional activities), especially among young people who have a strong online presence. This review systematically assesses the relationship between digital marketing and young people's attitudes and behaviors towards unhealthy commodities. Literature was identified in June 2017 by searches in six electronic databases. Primary studies (both qualitative and quantitative) that examined the effect of digital marketing of unhealthy food or beverages, alcohol and tobacco products on young people's (12 to 30 years) attitudes, intended and actual consumption were reviewed. 28 relevant studies were identified. Significant detrimental effects of digital marketing on the intended use and actual consumption of unhealthy commodities were revealed in the majority of the included studies. Findings from the qualitative studies were summarized and these findings provided insights on how digital marketing exerts effects on young people. One of the key findings was that marketers used peer-to-peer transmission of messages on social networking sites (e.g., friends' likes and comments on Facebook) to blur the boundary between marketing contents and online peer activities. Digital marketing of unhealthy commodities is associated with young people's use and beliefs of these products. The effects of digital marketing varied between product types and peer endorsed marketing (earned media) may exert greater negative impacts than owned or paid media marketing.

  7. A Framework for Using Rural Markets to Analyze Local Food Shortage Resilience and Mitigation Potential in sub-Saharan Africa based on Evidence from Zambia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Montgomery, M. J.; Baylis, K.; Evans, T. P.

    2016-12-01

    Climate change is predicted to have negative impacts on agriculture and food security in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Regional and temporal climate variability will disburse these effects, creating opportunities to mitigate food shortages through well-studied international, regional, and national food flows and associated food prices. However, most food products consumed and traded by rural smallhold farmers rely on local market exchanges that take place outside the scope of prevalent regional and national market analysis. There is little empirical evidence on these rural markets outside of their potential for smallholder agribusiness. However, they offer an unopened window into local food supply and the nuances of food movements in rural areas. Our research explores how to analyze the cost and availability of food products in rural markets and their connection with each other, as well as with nearby households' food security. This new approach of using food markets as a unit of analysis necessitates a new framework that groups markets based on a hierarchy of variables relevant to their role as food movers and suppliers. In our research, we collected price and source data for 22 commodities bought and sold within 52 rural markets in 12 districts spatially distributed throughout Zambia. We continue to collect data via phone interviews with 206 traders and market managers within these markets each month. We used this data to develop a typology of stationary rural food markets based on their size in terms of traders and buyers, the diversity of commodities available year-round and seasonally, their price transmission with other markets, and their trading scheme and governance. The result is a dynamic framework with varying weights on each variable that classifies which characteristic of markets under which conditions increase their potential for local food shortage resilience and mitigation. We also allocate for commodity-specific scenarios to allow for modeling under climate conditions conducive to different crops.

  8. A Crosswalk of Mineral Commodity End Uses and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Barry, James J.; Matos, Grecia R.; Menzie, W. David

    2015-09-14

    The links between the end uses of mineral commodities and the NAICS codes provide an instrument for analyzing the use of mineral commodities in the economy. The crosswalk is also a guide, highlighting those industrial sectors in the economy that rely heavily on mineral commodities. The distribution of mineral commodities across the economy is dynamic and does differ from year to year. This report reflects a snapshot of the state of the economy and mineral commodities in 2010.

  9. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  10. 17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.6 Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading...

  11. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  12. 17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.6 Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading...

  13. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  14. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  15. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  16. Contextualizing Embodied Resources in Global Food Trade

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    MacDonald, G. K.; Brauman, K. A.; Sun, S.; West, P. C.; Carlson, K. M.; Cassidy, E. S.; Gerber, J. S.; Ray, D. K.

    2014-12-01

    Trade in agricultural commodities has created increasingly complex linkages between resource use and food supplies across national borders. Understanding the degree to which food production and consumption relies on trade is vital to understanding how to sustainably meet growing food demands across scales. We use detailed bilateral trade statistics and data on agricultural management to examine the land use and water consumption embodied in agricultural trade, which we relate to basic nutritional indicators to show how trade contributes to food availability worldwide. Agricultural trade carries enough calories to provide >1.7 billion people a basic diet each year. We identify key commodities and producer-consumer relationships that disproportionately contribute to embodied resource use and flows of food nutrition at the global scale. For example, just 15 disproportionately large soybean trades comprised ~10% the total harvested area embodied in export production. We conclude by framing these results in terms of the fraction of each country's food production and consumption that is linked to international trade. These findings help to characterize how countries allocate resources to domestic versus foreign food demand.

  17. 76 FR 28641 - Commodity Pool Operators: Relief From Compliance With Certain Disclosure, Reporting and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-18

    ... are subject to certain operational and advertising requirements under Part 4, to all other provisions... 4 Advertising, Brokers, Commodity futures, Commodity pool operators, Commodity trading advisors...

  18. 7 CFR 252.7 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION NATIONAL COMMODITY PROCESSING PROGRAM § 252.7 OMB... approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0325. ...

  19. 75 FR 9596 - Notice of Filing of a Pesticide Petition for Residues of a Aspergillus flavus AF36 on Corn Food...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-03

    ... manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This listing is not intended to be.... List of Subjects Environmental protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed additives, Food additives...

  20. 7 CFR 247.14 - Other public assistance programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... children applicants with written information on the following nutrition, health, or public assistance....14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.14 Other public...

  1. 7 CFR 247.14 - Other public assistance programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... children applicants with written information on the following nutrition, health, or public assistance....14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.14 Other public...

  2. 7 CFR 247.14 - Other public assistance programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... children applicants with written information on the following nutrition, health, or public assistance....14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.14 Other public...

  3. 7 CFR 247.14 - Other public assistance programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... children applicants with written information on the following nutrition, health, or public assistance....14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.14 Other public...

  4. 7 CFR 247.14 - Other public assistance programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... children applicants with written information on the following nutrition, health, or public assistance....14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.14 Other public...

  5. 7 CFR 247.7 - Selection of local agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.7 Selection of local agencies... the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  6. 7 CFR 247.7 - Selection of local agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.7 Selection of local agencies... the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  7. 7 CFR 247.7 - Selection of local agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.7 Selection of local agencies... the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  8. 7 CFR 247.7 - Selection of local agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.7 Selection of local agencies... the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  9. Commodes: inconvenient conveniences.

    PubMed Central

    Naylor, J R; Mulley, G P

    1993-01-01

    OBJECTIVES--To investigate use of commodes and attitudes of users and carers to them. DESIGN--Interview with semi-structured questionnaire of subjects supplied with commodes from Leeds community appliance centre. SUBJECTS--140 users of a commode and 105 of their carers. RESULTS--Main reasons for being supplied with a commode were impaired mobility (130 subjects), difficulty in climbing stairs (128), and urinary incontinence (127). Main concerns of users and carers were lack of privacy (120 subjects felt embarrassed about using their commode, and 96 would not use it if someone was present); unpleasant smells (especially for 20 subjects who were confined to one room); physical appearance of commode chair (101 users said it had an unfavourable appearance, and 44 had tried to disguise it); and lack of follow up after commode was supplied (only 15 users and carers knew who to contact if there were problems). Users generally either had very positive or very negative attitudes to their commodes but most carers viewed them very negatively, especially with regard to cleaning them. CONCLUSIONS--Health professionals should be aware of people's need for privacy when advising them where to keep their commode. A standard commode is inappropriate for people confined to one room, and alternatives such as a chemical toilet should be considered. Regular follow up is needed to identify any problems such as uncomfortable or unsafe chairs. More thought should be given to the appearance of commodes in their design. Images FIG 1 FIG 2 PMID:8281060

  10. Adding Value to Indiana's Commodities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Welch, Mary A., Ed.

    1995-01-01

    Food processing plants are adding value to bulk and intermediate products to sell overseas. The Asian Pacific Rim economies constituted the largest market for consumer food products in 1993. This shift toward consumer food imports in this area is due to more women working outside the home, the internationalization of populations, and dramatic…

  11. 7 CFR 57.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... raw agricultural commodity; a food additive; or a color additive) which may in the judgment of the... pesticide chemical, food additive, or color additive, in or on such article, is prohibited by regulations of... conformity with a regulation or exemption in effect pursuant to section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and...

  12. 7 CFR 57.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... raw agricultural commodity; a food additive; or a color additive) which may in the judgment of the... pesticide chemical, food additive, or color additive, in or on such article, is prohibited by regulations of... conformity with a regulation or exemption in effect pursuant to section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and...

  13. 7 CFR 57.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... raw agricultural commodity; a food additive; or a color additive) which may in the judgment of the... pesticide chemical, food additive, or color additive, in or on such article, is prohibited by regulations of... conformity with a regulation or exemption in effect pursuant to section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and...

  14. 7 CFR 57.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... raw agricultural commodity; a food additive; or a color additive) which may in the judgment of the... pesticide chemical, food additive, or color additive, in or on such article, is prohibited by regulations of... conformity with a regulation or exemption in effect pursuant to section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and...

  15. Irradiation, microwave and alternative energy-based treatments for low water activity foods

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    There is an increasing recognition of low water activity foods as vectors for human pathogens. Partially or fully dried agricultural commodities, along with modern formulated dried food products, are complex, and designed to meet a variety of nutritional, sensory, and market-oriented goal. This comp...

  16. Cold plasma processing to improve food safety

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Cold plasma is an antimicrobial process being developed for application as a food processing technology. This novel intervention is the subject of an expanding research effort by groups around the world. A variety of devices can be used to generate cold plasma and apply it to the food commodity bein...

  17. 75 FR 27338 - NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing-Contract Merchant LLC; NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing-Delivery...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket Nos. ER10-912-000; ER10-913-000; ER10-914-000] NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing--Contract Merchant LLC; NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing--Delivery LLC; NASDAQ OMX Commodities Clearing--Finance LLC; Notice of Filing May 6, 2010. Take notice that, on May 3, 2010, NASDAQ OMX Commoditie...

  18. 17 CFR Appendix C to Part 4 - Form CTA-PR

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Form CTA-PR C Appendix C to Part 4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Pt. 4, App. C Appendix C to Part 4—Form CTA-PR ER24FE12.052 ER24FE12...

  19. 17 CFR 41.43 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... options with persons other than brokers, dealers, futures commission merchants, floor brokers, or floor... securities, commodity futures, or commodity options with persons other than brokers, dealers, persons....43 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS...

  20. 75 FR 54794 - Commodity Pool Operators: Relief From Compliance With Certain Disclosure, Reporting and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-09

    ... are subject to certain operational \\7\\ and advertising requirements \\8\\ under Part 4, to all other... in 17 CFR Part 4 Advertising, Brokers, Commodity futures, Commodity pool operators, Commodity trading...

  1. 78 FR 41384 - Agricultural Advisory Committee Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-10

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agricultural Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of Meeting. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission's... Lachenmayr, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Three Lafayette Centre, 1155 21st Street NW., Washington...

  2. Non-destructive automated sampling of mycotoxins in bulk food and feed - A new tool for required harmonization.

    PubMed

    Spanjer, M; Stroka, J; Patel, S; Buechler, S; Pittet, A; Barel, S

    2001-06-01

    Mycotoxins contamination is highly non-uniformly distributed as is well recog-nized by the EC, by not only setting legal limits in a series of commodities, but also schedule a sampling plan that takes this heterogeneity into account. In practice however, it turns out that it is very difficult to carry out this sampling plan in a harmonised way. Applying the sampling plan to a container filled with pallets of bags (i.e. with nuts or coffee beans) varies from very laborious to almost impossible. The presented non-destructive automated method to sample bulk food could help to overcome these practical problems and to enforcing of EC directives. It is derived from a tested and approved technology for detection of illicit substances in security applications. It has capability to collect and iden-tify ultra trace contaminants, i.e. from a fingerprint of chemical substance in a bulk of goods, a cargo pallet load (~ 1000 kg) with boxes and commodities.The technology, patented for explosives detection, uses physical and chemistry processes for excitation and remote rapid enhanced release of contaminant residues, vapours and particulate, of the inner/outer surfaces of inspected bulk and collect them on selective probes. The process is automated, takes only 10 minutes, is non-destructive and the bulk itself remains unharmed. The system design is based on applicable international regulations for shipped cargo hand-ling and transportation by road, sea and air. After this process the pallet can be loaded on a truck, ship or plane. Analysis can be carried out before the cargo leaves the place of shipping. The potent application of this technology for myco-toxins detection, has been demonstrated by preliminary feasibility experiments. Aflatoxins were detected in pistachios and ochratoxin A in green coffee beans bulk. Both commodities were naturally contaminated, priory found and confirm-ed by common methods as used at routine inspections. Once the contaminants are extracted from a bulk shipment, an appropriate existing analytical method, i.e. a CEN method, can be used to measure the mycotoxins.The system, routinely in use for explosives detection, was able to screen bulk food and feed for mycotoxins, through non-destructive automated sampling of a whole batch/lot/sublot of commodities. The opportunity to sample a whole bulk would provide more effective tools for inspection at seaports, production facili-ties and distri-bution points. It will advance the current process of myco-toxins check because: (i) Checks will be automated and harmonized, (ii) Checks will be non-destructive, (iii) Checks will be faster and allow a greater amount of bulk commodities to be inspected and (iv) The ability to check, with automated equipment, larger portions of lots of a shipment will increase the probability to detect the heterogeneous mycotoxins contamination in bulk foods. The poster provides some results of feasibility experiments indicating the capability of this technology for inspection of commodities bulks for the detection of mycotoxins, at legal limits, in naturally contaminated food.

  3. 7 CFR 247.12 - Rights and responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...; and (3) The local agency will provide information on other nutrition, health, or assistance programs... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.12 Rights and responsibilities...

  4. 7 CFR 247.12 - Rights and responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...; and (3) The local agency will provide information on other nutrition, health, or assistance programs... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.12 Rights and responsibilities...

  5. 7 CFR 247.20 - Program violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.20 Program violations. (a) What are... determines that disqualification would result in a serious health risk, the disqualification may be waived...

  6. 7 CFR 247.12 - Rights and responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...; and (3) The local agency will provide information on other nutrition, health, or assistance programs... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.12 Rights and responsibilities...

  7. 7 CFR 247.20 - Program violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.20 Program violations. (a) What are... determines that disqualification would result in a serious health risk, the disqualification may be waived...

  8. 7 CFR 247.12 - Rights and responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...; and (3) The local agency will provide information on other nutrition, health, or assistance programs... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.12 Rights and responsibilities...

  9. 7 CFR 247.12 - Rights and responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...; and (3) The local agency will provide information on other nutrition, health, or assistance programs... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.12 Rights and responsibilities...

  10. 7 CFR 247.11 - Applicants exceed caseload levels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ....11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.11 Applicants... include the date of application and information necessary to allow the local agency to contact the...

  11. 7 CFR 247.20 - Program violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.20 Program violations. (a) What are... of disqualification from CSFP at least 15 days before the effective date of disqualification. The...

  12. 7 CFR 247.6 - State Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.6 State Plan. (a) What is the State... serving women, infants, and children, program outreach, and nutrition education. (Collaboration with the...

  13. 7 CFR 247.8 - Individuals applying to participate in CSFP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Section 247.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.8... by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  14. 7 CFR 247.8 - Individuals applying to participate in CSFP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Section 247.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.8... by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  15. 7 CFR 247.6 - State Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.6 State Plan. (a) What is the State... serving women, infants, and children, program outreach, and nutrition education. (Collaboration with the...

  16. 7 CFR 247.8 - Individuals applying to participate in CSFP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Section 247.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.8... by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  17. 7 CFR 247.6 - State Plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.6 State Plan. (a) What is the State... serving women, infants, and children, program outreach, and nutrition education. (Collaboration with the...

  18. 7 CFR 247.8 - Individuals applying to participate in CSFP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Section 247.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.8... by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  19. 7 CFR 65.175 - Ground pork.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... pork of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  20. 7 CFR 65.170 - Ground lamb.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... lamb of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  1. 7 CFR 65.160 - Ground chicken.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... comminuted chicken of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  2. 7 CFR 65.175 - Ground pork.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... pork of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  3. 7 CFR 65.170 - Ground lamb.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... lamb of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  4. 7 CFR 65.170 - Ground lamb.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... lamb of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  5. 7 CFR 65.170 - Ground lamb.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... lamb of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  6. 7 CFR 65.175 - Ground pork.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... pork of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  7. 7 CFR 65.165 - Ground goat.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... goat of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  8. 7 CFR 65.175 - Ground pork.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... pork of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  9. 7 CFR 65.175 - Ground pork.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... pork of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  10. 7 CFR 65.160 - Ground chicken.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... comminuted chicken of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  11. 7 CFR 65.170 - Ground lamb.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... lamb of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  12. 7 CFR 65.160 - Ground chicken.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... comminuted chicken of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  13. 7 CFR 65.160 - Ground chicken.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... comminuted chicken of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  14. 7 CFR 65.165 - Ground goat.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... goat of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  15. 7 CFR 65.165 - Ground goat.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... goat of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  16. 7 CFR 65.165 - Ground goat.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... goat of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  17. 7 CFR 65.165 - Ground goat.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... goat of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and Inspection... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  18. 7 CFR 65.160 - Ground chicken.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... comminuted chicken of skeletal origin that is produced in conformance with all applicable Food Safety and... OF BEEF, PORK, LAMB, CHICKEN, GOAT MEAT, PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, MACADAMIA NUTS, PECANS...

  19. 7 CFR 250.24 - Distributing agency performance standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... commodity assistance levels; (4) Ordering and allocating donated food based on participation data for those... directly into their warehouses; (2) Solicit information and recommendations regarding the individual...

  20. 7 CFR 250.24 - Distributing agency performance standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... commodity assistance levels; (4) Ordering and allocating donated food based on participation data for those... directly into their warehouses; (2) Solicit information and recommendations regarding the individual...

  1. Techno-commercial aspects of food irradiation in India

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sharma, Arun; Madhusoodanan, P.

    2012-08-01

    Research and development work has been carried out at Food Technology Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Center for more than past fifty years. After establishing potential commercial applications, a lot of time and efforts were spent on proving the wholesomeness and nutritional adequacy of irradiated foods. The first approval from health authorities came in 1994 for processing potato, onion and spices. Additional commodities were approved in 1998 and 2001, bringing the list of commodities to more than 20. Two technology demonstration plants were set up by the government, one for high dose applications like microbial decontamination of spices and dry vegetables in 2000, and another for low dose applications, like sprout inhibition and insect disinfestation, in 2003. In 2004, irradiation was approved as a quarantine measure. This enabled export of mango to USA after a gap of 18 years in 2007. More than a dozen plants have now been set up by private entrepreneurs in the country.

  2. A Study on Market Efficiency of Selected Commodity Derivatives Traded on NCDEX During 2011

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sajipriya, N.

    2012-10-01

    The study aims at testing the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis in the context of an emerging commodity market - National Commodity Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX), which is considered as the prime commodity derivatives market in India. The study considered daily spot and futures prices of five selected commodities traded on NCDEX over 12 month period (the futures contracts originating and expiring during the period January 2011 to December 2011) The five commodities chosen are Pepper, Crude palm Oil, steel silver and Chana as they account for almost two-thirds of the value of agricultural commodity derivatives traded on NCDEX. The results of Run test indicate that both spot and futures prices are weak form efficient

  3. 17 CFR 242.401 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... of whose business consists of transactions in securities, commodity futures, or commodity options... securities, commodity futures, or commodity options with persons other than brokers, dealers, persons... M, SHO, ATS, AC, AND NMS AND CUSTOMER MARGIN REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY FUTURES Customer Margin...

  4. 40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity 1 Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 3.0 Bean, succulent 3.0... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 1 Bean, succulent 1 Brussels...

  5. 40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity 1 Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 3.0 Bean, succulent 3.0... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 1 Bean, succulent 1 Brussels...

  6. 40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity 1 Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 3.0 Bean, succulent 3.0... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 1 Bean, succulent 1 Brussels...

  7. 40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity 1 Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 3.0 Bean, succulent 3.0... phosphoramidothioate, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Bean, dry, seed 1 Bean, succulent 1 Brussels...

  8. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  9. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... corporate control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  10. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  11. Cross-commodity delay discounting of alcohol and money in alcohol users

    PubMed Central

    Moody, Lara N.; Tegge, Allison N.; Bickel, Warren K.

    2017-01-01

    Despite real-world implications, the pattern of delay discounting in alcohol users when the commodities now and later differ has not been well characterized. In this study, 60 participants on Amazon's Mechanical Turk completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess severity of use and completed four delay discounting tasks between hypothetical, equivalent amounts of alcohol and money available at five delays. The tasks included two cross-commodity (alcohol now-money later and money now-alcohol later) and two same-commodity (money now-money later and alcohol now-alcohol later) conditions. Delay discounting was significantly associated with clinical cutoffs of the AUDIT for both of the cross-commodity conditions but not for either of the same-commodity delay discounting tasks. The cross-commodity discounting conditions were related to severity of use wherein heavy users discounted future alcohol less and future money more. The change in direction of the discounting effect was dependent on the commodity that was distally available suggesting a distinctive pattern of discounting across commodities when comparing light and heavy alcohol users. PMID:29056767

  12. Cross-commodity delay discounting of alcohol and money in alcohol users.

    PubMed

    Moody, Lara N; Tegge, Allison N; Bickel, Warren K

    2017-06-01

    Despite real-world implications, the pattern of delay discounting in alcohol users when the commodities now and later differ has not been well characterized. In this study, 60 participants on Amazon's Mechanical Turk completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess severity of use and completed four delay discounting tasks between hypothetical, equivalent amounts of alcohol and money available at five delays. The tasks included two cross-commodity (alcohol now-money later and money now-alcohol later) and two same-commodity (money now-money later and alcohol now-alcohol later) conditions. Delay discounting was significantly associated with clinical cutoffs of the AUDIT for both of the cross-commodity conditions but not for either of the same-commodity delay discounting tasks. The cross-commodity discounting conditions were related to severity of use wherein heavy users discounted future alcohol less and future money more. The change in direction of the discounting effect was dependent on the commodity that was distally available suggesting a distinctive pattern of discounting across commodities when comparing light and heavy alcohol users.

  13. Farming and the geography of nutrient production for human use: a transdisciplinary analysis.

    PubMed

    Herrero, Mario; Thornton, Philip K; Power, Brendan; Bogard, Jessica R; Remans, Roseline; Fritz, Steffen; Gerber, James S; Nelson, Gerald; See, Linda; Waha, Katharina; Watson, Reg A; West, Paul C; Samberg, Leah H; van de Steeg, Jeannette; Stephenson, Eloise; van Wijk, Mark; Havlík, Petr

    2017-04-01

    Information about the global structure of agriculture and nutrient production and its diversity is essential to improve present understanding of national food production patterns, agricultural livelihoods, and food chains, and their linkages to land use and their associated ecosystems services. Here we provide a plausible breakdown of global agricultural and nutrient production by farm size, and also study the associations between farm size, agricultural diversity, and nutrient production. This analysis is crucial to design interventions that might be appropriately targeted to promote healthy diets and ecosystems in the face of population growth, urbanisation, and climate change. We used existing spatially-explicit global datasets to estimate the production levels of 41 major crops, seven livestock, and 14 aquaculture and fish products. From overall production estimates, we estimated the production of vitamin A, vitamin B 12 , folate, iron, zinc, calcium, calories, and protein. We also estimated the relative contribution of farms of different sizes to the production of different agricultural commodities and associated nutrients, as well as how the diversity of food production based on the number of different products grown per geographic pixel and distribution of products within this pixel (Shannon diversity index [ H ]) changes with different farm sizes. Globally, small and medium farms (≤50 ha) produce 51-77% of nearly all commodities and nutrients examined here. However, important regional differences exist. Large farms (>50 ha) dominate production in North America, South America, and Australia and New Zealand. In these regions, large farms contribute between 75% and 100% of all cereal, livestock, and fruit production, and the pattern is similar for other commodity groups. By contrast, small farms (≤20 ha) produce more than 75% of most food commodities in sub-Saharan Africa, southeast Asia, south Asia, and China. In Europe, west Asia and north Africa, and central America, medium-size farms (20-50 ha) also contribute substantially to the production of most food commodities. Very small farms (≤2 ha) are important and have local significance in sub-Saharan Africa, southeast Asia, and south Asia, where they contribute to about 30% of most food commodities. The majority of vegetables (81%), roots and tubers (72%), pulses (67%), fruits (66%), fish and livestock products (60%), and cereals (56%) are produced in diverse landscapes ( H >1·5). Similarly, the majority of global micronutrients (53-81%) and protein (57%) are also produced in more diverse agricultural landscapes ( H >1·5). By contrast, the majority of sugar (73%) and oil crops (57%) are produced in less diverse ones ( H ≤1·5), which also account for the majority of global calorie production (56%). The diversity of agricultural and nutrient production diminishes as farm size increases. However, areas of the world with higher agricultural diversity produce more nutrients, irrespective of farm size. Our results show that farm size and diversity of agricultural production vary substantially across regions and are key structural determinants of food and nutrient production that need to be considered in plans to meet social, economic, and environmental targets. At the global level, both small and large farms have key roles in food and nutrition security. Efforts to maintain production diversity as farm sizes increase seem to be necessary to maintain the production of diverse nutrients and viable, multifunctional, sustainable landscapes. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, CGIAR Research Programs on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security and on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health funded by the CGIAR Fund Council, Daniel and Nina Carasso Foundation, European Union, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change-Belmont Forum.

  14. Agriculture and Energy: Implications for Food Security, Water, and Land Use

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tokgoz, S.; Zhang, W.; Msangi, S.; Bhandary, P.

    2011-12-01

    Sustainable production of agricultural commodities and growth of international trade in these goods are challenged as never before by supply-side constraints (such as climate change, water and land scarcity, and environmental degradation) and by demand-side dynamics (volatility in food and energy markets, the strengthening food-energy linkage, population growth, and income growth). On the one hand, the rapidly expanding demand can potentially create new market opportunities for agriculture. On the other hand, there are many threats to a sufficient response by the supply side to meet this growing and changing demand. Agricultural production systems in many countries are neither resource-efficient, nor producing according to their full potential. The stock of natural resources such as land, water, nutrients, energy, and genetic diversity is shrinking relative to demand, and their use must become increasingly efficient in order to reduce environmental impacts and preserve the planet's productive capacity. World energy prices have increased rapidly in recent years. At the same time, agriculture has become more energy-intensive. Higher energy costs have pushed up the cost of producing, transporting and processing agricultural commodities, driving up commodity prices. Higher energy costs have also affected water use and availability through increased costs of water extraction, conveyance and desalinization, higher demand for hydroelectric power, and increased cost of subsidizing water services. In the meantime, the development of biofuels has diverted increasing amounts of agricultural land and water resources to the production of biomass-based renewable energy. This more "intensified" linkage between agriculture and energy comes at a time when there are other pressures on the world's limited resources. The related high food prices, especially those in the developing countries, have led to setbacks in the poverty alleviation effort among the global community with more population under hunger and poverty. In light of these threats and opportunities facing the global food system, the proposed study takes a long-term perspective and addresses the main medium and long- term drivers of agricultural markets using the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade developed by the Environment and Production Technology Division of IFPRI to project future production, consumption, and trade of key agricultural commodities. The main objective of the study is to analyze the link between energy and agricultural markets, focusing on the "new" role of agriculture as a supplier of energy for transportation through biofuels, and the subsequent impact on land use and demand for water from the agricultural sector. In this context, this study incorporates various scenarios of future energy demand and energy price impacts on global agricultural markets (food prices and food security), water use implications (irrigation water consumption by agricultural sector), and land use implications (changes in national and global crop area). The scenarios are designed to understand the impact of energy prices on biofuel production, cost of production for agricultural crops, conversion of rainfed area to irrigated area, and necessary levels of crop productivity growth to counter these effects.

  15. 17 CFR Appendix C to Part 1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] C Appendix C to Part 1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Appendix C to Part 1 [Reserved] ...

  16. Building on Tradition--Tribal Colleges Can Lead the Way to Food Sovereignty

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Phillips, John

    2011-01-01

    Fort Belknap Indian Reservation's food system typifies that of many rural communities. Most food is grown and processed hundreds or thousands of miles away and transported long distances before it reaches the local grocery shelf. Like oil and gas, food prices are largely determined by international commodity markets driven by global supply,…

  17. 7 CFR 42.140 - Operating Characteristic (OC) curves for on-line sampling and inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS STANDARDS FOR CONDITION OF FOOD CONTAINERS...

  18. School Food Modernization Act

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Latham, Tom [R-IA-4

    2012-09-21

    House - 11/14/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  19. 21 CFR 501.3 - Identity labeling of animal food in package form.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Identity labeling of animal food in package form... § 501.3 Identity labeling of animal food in package form. (a) The principal display panel of a food in package form shall bear as one of its principal features a statement of the identity of the commodity. (b...

  20. 21 CFR 501.3 - Identity labeling of animal food in package form.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Identity labeling of animal food in package form... § 501.3 Identity labeling of animal food in package form. (a) The principal display panel of a food in package form shall bear as one of its principal features a statement of the identity of the commodity. (b...

  1. 21 CFR 501.3 - Identity labeling of animal food in package form.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Identity labeling of animal food in package form... § 501.3 Identity labeling of animal food in package form. (a) The principal display panel of a food in package form shall bear as one of its principal features a statement of the identity of the commodity. (b...

  2. 17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

  3. 75 FR 77576 - General Regulations and Derivatives Clearing Organizations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-13

    ... Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed... clearing transactions in commodities for future delivery or commodity option transactions, or for effecting settlements of contracts for future delivery or commodity option transactions, for and between members of any...

  4. 40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

  5. 40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

  6. 40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

  7. 40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

  8. 40 CFR 414.60 - Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals subcategory.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... commodity organic chemicals subcategory. 414.60 Section 414.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORGANIC CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Commodity Organic Chemicals § 414.60 Applicability; description of the commodity organic chemicals...

  9. 40 CFR 180.473 - Glufosinate ammonium; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per... measuring only the sum of glufosinate ammonium, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid... stoichiometric equivalent of 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid, in or on the commodity. Commodity...

  10. 26 CFR 4.954-0 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... corporation beginning after December 31, 1986. Consequently, any gain or loss (including foreign currency gain.... [Reserved] (f) Commodities transactions. (1) In general. (2) Definitions. (i) Commodity. (ii) Commodities transaction. (3) Definition of the term “qualified active sales”. (i) In general. (ii) Sale of commodities...

  11. 26 CFR 4.954-0 - Introduction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... corporation beginning after December 31, 1986. Consequently, any gain or loss (including foreign currency gain.... [Reserved] (f) Commodities transactions. (1) In general. (2) Definitions. (i) Commodity. (ii) Commodities transaction. (3) Definition of the term “qualified active sales”. (i) In general. (ii) Sale of commodities...

  12. 7 CFR 17.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL... commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), through private trade channels to the maximum extent..., as amended (hereinafter called “the Act”). (b) Agricultural commodities agreements. (1) Under the Act...

  13. 32 CFR 275.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... dealer in securities or commodities. (9) An investment banker or investment company. (10) A currency... matters. (26) Any futures commission merchant, commodity trading advisor, or commodity pool operator registered, or required to register, under the Commodity Exchange Act that is located inside any State or...

  14. 7 CFR 17.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL... commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), through private trade channels to the maximum extent..., as amended (hereinafter called “the Act”). (b) Agricultural commodities agreements. (1) Under the Act...

  15. 77 FR 27444 - Joint CFTC-SEC Advisory Committee on Emerging Regulatory Issues

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-10

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION [Release Nos. 34-66932... and Exchange Commission (``SEC'') and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') (each, an.... Commodity Futures Trading Commission Written comments may be mailed to the Commodity Futures Trading...

  16. 17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

  17. 17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

  18. 17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

  19. A world of minerals in your mobile device

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Jenness, Jane E.; Ober, Joyce A.; Wilkins, Aleeza M.; Gambogi, Joseph

    2016-09-15

    Mobile phones and other high-technology communications devices could not exist without mineral commodities. More than one-half of all components in a mobile device—including its electronics, display, battery, speakers, and more—are made from mined and semiprocessed materials (mineral commodities). Some mineral commodities can be recovered as byproducts during the production and processing of other commodities. As an example, bauxite is mined for its aluminum content, but gallium is recovered during the aluminum production process. The images show the ore minerals (sources) of some mineral commodities that are used to make components of a mobile device. On the reverse side, the map and table depict the major source countries producing these mineral commodities along with how these commodities are used in mobile devices. For more information on minerals, visit http://minerals.usgs.gov.

  20. 7 CFR 250.14 - Warehousing, distribution and storage of donated foods.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... warehousing and distributing commodities under their current system with the cost of comparable services under... warehousing and distribution services, the distributing agency shall indicate this in its cost comparison... NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION DONATION OF...

  1. 7 CFR 250.14 - Warehousing, distribution and storage of donated foods.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... warehousing and distributing commodities under their current system with the cost of comparable services under... warehousing and distribution services, the distributing agency shall indicate this in its cost comparison... NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION DONATION OF...

  2. Field ecology, fungal sex and food contamination involving Aspergillus species

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Several species within the genus Aspergillus are capable of producing a myriad of toxic secondary metabolites, with aflatoxin being of most concern. These fungi happen to colonize important agricultural commodities, thereby having the potential to contaminate our food with carcinogenic aflatoxins. P...

  3. 7 CFR 247.18 - Nutrition education.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nutrition education. 247.18 Section 247.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.18 Nutrition education. (a) What are...

  4. 7 CFR 247.18 - Nutrition education.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Nutrition education. 247.18 Section 247.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.18 Nutrition education. (a) What are...

  5. 7 CFR 247.18 - Nutrition education.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Nutrition education. 247.18 Section 247.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.18 Nutrition education. (a) What are...

  6. 7 CFR 247.18 - Nutrition education.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Nutrition education. 247.18 Section 247.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.18 Nutrition education. (a) What are...

  7. 7 CFR 247.18 - Nutrition education.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Nutrition education. 247.18 Section 247.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.18 Nutrition education. (a) What are...

  8. 7 CFR 247.36 - Confidentiality of applicants or participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Section 247.36 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.36... with other health or welfare programs for the purpose of preventing dual participation. In addition...

  9. 7 CFR 247.36 - Confidentiality of applicants or participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Section 247.36 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.36... with other health or welfare programs for the purpose of preventing dual participation. In addition...

  10. 7 CFR 247.5 - State and local agency responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...) Providing nutrition education and information on the availability of other nutrition and health assistance... 247.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.5 State and...

  11. 7 CFR 247.19 - Dual participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.19 Dual participation. (a) What must... determines that disqualification would result in a serious health risk. The local agency must also initiate a...

  12. 7 CFR 247.5 - State and local agency responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) Providing nutrition education and information on the availability of other nutrition and health assistance... 247.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.5 State and...

  13. 7 CFR 247.36 - Confidentiality of applicants or participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Section 247.36 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.36... with other health or welfare programs for the purpose of preventing dual participation. In addition...

  14. 7 CFR 247.5 - State and local agency responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) Providing nutrition education and information on the availability of other nutrition and health assistance... 247.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.5 State and...

  15. 7 CFR 247.36 - Confidentiality of applicants or participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Section 247.36 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.36... with other health or welfare programs for the purpose of preventing dual participation. In addition...

  16. 7 CFR 247.36 - Confidentiality of applicants or participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Section 247.36 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.36... with other health or welfare programs for the purpose of preventing dual participation. In addition...

  17. 7 CFR 247.32 - Termination of agency participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 247.32 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.32 Termination... the reasons for the action, and the effective date. (2) Termination by State agency. The State agency...

  18. 7 CFR 247.32 - Termination of agency participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 247.32 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.32 Termination... the reasons for the action, and the effective date. (2) Termination by State agency. The State agency...

  19. 7 CFR 247.30 - Claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.30 Claims. (a) What happens if a... accordance with § 247.29. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  20. 7 CFR 247.30 - Claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.30 Claims. (a) What happens if a... accordance with § 247.29. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  1. 7 CFR 247.30 - Claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.30 Claims. (a) What happens if a... accordance with § 247.29. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  2. 7 CFR 247.26 - Return of administrative funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.26 Return of administrative... legislatively mandated grant per assigned caseload slot. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under...

  3. 7 CFR 247.19 - Dual participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.19 Dual participation. (a) What must... with § 247.30(c). (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  4. 7 CFR 247.19 - Dual participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.19 Dual participation. (a) What must... with § 247.30(c). (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  5. 7 CFR 247.30 - Claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.30 Claims. (a) What happens if a... accordance with § 247.29. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  6. 7 CFR 247.26 - Return of administrative funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.26 Return of administrative... legislatively mandated grant per assigned caseload slot. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under...

  7. 7 CFR 247.26 - Return of administrative funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.26 Return of administrative... legislatively mandated grant per assigned caseload slot. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under...

  8. 7 CFR 247.26 - Return of administrative funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.26 Return of administrative... legislatively mandated grant per assigned caseload slot. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under...

  9. 7 CFR 247.19 - Dual participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.19 Dual participation. (a) What must... with § 247.30(c). (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  10. 7 CFR 247.29 - Reports and recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.29 Reports and recordkeeping... FNS. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control numbers 0584-0025, 0584-0293) [70...

  11. 7 CFR 247.29 - Reports and recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.29 Reports and recordkeeping... FNS. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control numbers 0584-0025, 0584-0293) [70...

  12. 7 CFR 247.26 - Return of administrative funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.26 Return of administrative... legislatively mandated grant per assigned caseload slot. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under...

  13. 7 CFR 247.29 - Reports and recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.29 Reports and recordkeeping... FNS. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control numbers 0584-0025, 0584-0293) [70...

  14. 7 CFR 247.30 - Claims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.30 Claims. (a) What happens if a... accordance with § 247.29. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  15. 7 CFR 247.19 - Dual participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM § 247.19 Dual participation. (a) What must... with § 247.30(c). (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0584-0293) ...

  16. 7 CFR 240.1 - General purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... funds equal to the difference between the value of donated foods as then programmed for that school year... national average value of donated foods, described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, by the number of... provides that the value of foods donated to States for use in commodity schools for any school year shall...

  17. 7 CFR 240.1 - General purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... funds equal to the difference between the value of donated foods as then programmed for that school year... national average value of donated foods, described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, by the number of... provides that the value of foods donated to States for use in commodity schools for any school year shall...

  18. 48 CFR 52.232-25 - Prompt payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...; perishable agricultural commodities; and dairy products, edible fats or oils, and food products prepared from edible fats or oils are— (A) For meat or meat food products, as defined in section 2(a)(3) of the Packers...)), edible fats or oils, and food products prepared from edible fats or oils, as close as possible to, but...

  19. 48 CFR 52.232-25 - Prompt payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...; perishable agricultural commodities; and dairy products, edible fats or oils, and food products prepared from edible fats or oils are— (A) For meat or meat food products, as defined in section 2(a)(3) of the Packers...)), edible fats or oils, and food products prepared from edible fats or oils, as close as possible to, but...

  20. Challenges and issues concerning mycotoxins contamination in oil seeds and their edible oils: Updates from last decade.

    PubMed

    Bhat, Rajeev; Reddy, Kasa Ravindra Nadha

    2017-01-15

    Safety concerns pertaining towards fungal occurrence and mycotoxins contamination in agri-food commodities has been an issue of high apprehension. With the increase in evidence based research knowledge on health effects posed by ingestion of mycotoxins-contaminated food and feed by humans and livestock, concerns have been raised towards providing more insights on screening of agri-food commodities to benefit consumers. Available reports indicate majority of edible oil-yielding seeds to be contaminated by various fungi, capable of producing mycotoxins. These mycotoxins can enter human food chain via use of edible oils or via animals fed with contaminated oil cake residues. In this review, we have decisively evaluated available data (from the past decade) pertaining towards fungal occurrence and level of mycotoxins in various oil seeds and their edible oils. This review can be of practical use to justify the prevailing gaps, especially relevant to the research on presence of mycotoxins in edible plant based oils. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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