Sample records for force add procedures

  1. Rank one chaos in a class of planar systems with heteroclinic cycle.

    PubMed

    Chen, Fengjuan; Han, Maoan

    2009-12-01

    In this paper, we study rank one chaos in a class of planar systems with heteroclinic cycle. We first find a stable limit cycle inside the heteroclinic cycle. We then add an external periodic forcing to create rank one chaos. We follow a step-by-step procedure guided by the theory of rank one chaos to find experimental evidence of strange attractors with Sinai, Ruelle, and Bowen measures.

  2. [Methods of resolution for haptic assistance during catheterization].

    PubMed

    Kern, T A; Herrmann, J; Klages, S; Meiss, T; Werthschützky, R

    2005-01-01

    During catheterization navigation within the patient is mainly dependent on a live x-ray image on the screen. Although methods for 3D visualisation and remote navigation of the catheter are discussed and tested still precise positioning is merely the result of intense training and a high skill and level of training of the performing surgeon. This article refers to a system which can be considered as an add-on for existing procedures of catheterization. It compromises of a miniaturised force sensor located at the tip of guide-wires whose prototype is shown here. The measured forces will be presented to the surgeon amplified by an external actuator described in this article. As a result a haptic perception of the forces between the tip of the guide-wire and the vessels walls will be available and enable the surgeon to gain an impression which is comparable to palpation of living vessels from the inside

  3. Minimizing coal terminal marine structure costs. A case history: Plaquemines Parish terminal. [Dock and piles design to absorb and distribute impact and longitudinal forces

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pardon, D.V.; Faeth, M.T.; Curth, O.

    1981-01-01

    At International Marine Terminals' Plaquemines Parish Terminal, design optimization was accomplished by optimizing the dock pile bent spacing and designing the superstructure to distribute berthing impact forces and bollard pulls over a large number of pile bents. Also, by resisting all longitudinal forces acting on the dock at a single location near the center of the structure, the number of longitudinal batter piles was minimized and the need for costly expansion joints was eliminated. Computer techniques were utilized to analyze and optimize the design of the new dock. Pile driving procedures were evaluated utilizing a wave equation technique. Tripod dolphinsmore » with a resilient fender system were provided. The resilent fender system, a combination of rubber shear type and wing type fenders, adds only a small percentage to the total cost of the dolphins but greatly increases their energy absorption capability.« less

  4. Production Guides for Meat and Vegetable Entrees and Desserts Developed for Use in the Frozen Foil Pack Feeding System, F.E. Warren Air Force Base

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-02-01

    8217-i~ ", i " ’ im i-II U BAKED BEEF WITH NOODLS 1i1 Yield: 100 Portions Each Portion: 8 ounces Ingredients Pounds Grams Procedure Beef, boneless, diced...simmer for approxi- mately 1 hour. Noodles , dry 4.00 1,816 2. Approximately * hour prior to completion of beef cook, start cooking noodles in a separate...tap 27.00 12,260 ture thickens (cook 15 minutes). 4. Add noodles from step 2; mix well and adjust volume to 7.8 gallons. Heat to 180 F.*2 5. Weigh 8

  5. Forces required for a knife to penetrate a variety of clothing types.

    PubMed

    Nolan, Gary; Hainsworth, Sarah V; Rutty, Guy N

    2013-03-01

    In stabbing incidents, it is usual for the victim to be clothed and therefore a knife penetrates both clothes and skin. Clothes (other than leather) have been thought to make little difference to the penetration force. However, there is little quantitative data in the literature. In this study, a range of clothes have been tested, either singly or in layers of, for example, T-shirt and shirt, to quantify the additional force required when clothes are present. A materials testing system has been used to test the penetration force required to stab through clothes into a foam-silicone rubber skin simulant. The results show that the force required can be significantly different, particularly when layers of clothing are penetrated. A cotton t-shirt adds c. 8 N to the penetration force, while a T-shirt and jacket can add an additional 21 N. The results allow a more quantitative assessment of forces required in stabbing. © 2012 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

  6. 32 CFR 806b.1 - Summary of revisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... for the Air Force Privacy Program from Air Force Communications and Information Center to the Air Force Chief Information Officer; prescribes Air Force Visual Aid 33-276, Privacy Act Label as optional; adds the E-Gov Act of 2002 requirement for a Privacy Impact Assessment for all information systems that...

  7. 32 CFR 806b.1 - Summary of revisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... for the Air Force Privacy Program from Air Force Communications and Information Center to the Air Force Chief Information Officer; prescribes Air Force Visual Aid 33-276, Privacy Act Label as optional; adds the E-Gov Act of 2002 requirement for a Privacy Impact Assessment for all information systems that...

  8. 32 CFR 806b.1 - Summary of revisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... for the Air Force Privacy Program from Air Force Communications and Information Center to the Air Force Chief Information Officer; prescribes Air Force Visual Aid 33-276, Privacy Act Label as optional; adds the E-Gov Act of 2002 requirement for a Privacy Impact Assessment for all information systems that...

  9. Screening Mammography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Utilization Updates.

    PubMed

    Boroumand, Gilda; Teberian, Ida; Parker, Laurence; Rao, Vijay M; Levin, David C

    2018-05-01

    There have been many recent developments in breast imaging, including the 2009 revision of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's breast cancer screening guidelines and the approval of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) for clinical use in 2011. The objective of this study is to evaluate screening mammography utilization trends among the Medicare population from 2005 to 2015 and examine the volume of DBT studies performed in 2015, the first year for which procedural billing codes for DBT are available. We reviewed national Medicare Part B Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary master files from 2005 to 2015, to determine the annual utilization rate of screening mammography on the basis of procedure codes used for film-screen and digital screening mammography. We also used the Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary master files to determine the volume of screening and diagnostic DBT studies performed in 2015. The utilization rate of screening mammography per 1000 women in the Medicare fee-for-service population increased gradually every year, from 311.5 examinations in 2005 to a peak of 322.9 examinations in 2009, representing a compound annual growth rate of 0.9%. In 2010, the utilization rate abruptly decreased by 4.3% to 309.2 examinations, and it has not since recovered to pre-2010 levels. In 2015, 18.9% of screening and 16.2% of diagnostic digital mammography examinations included DBT as an add-on procedure. In contrast to the annual increase in screening mammography utilization from 2005 to 2009, an abrupt sustained decline in screening occurred beginning in 2010, coinciding with the release of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. DBT utilization was somewhat limited in 2015, occurring in conjunction with less than 20% of digital mammography examinations.

  10. Skin dose saving of the staff in 90Y/177Lu peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with the automatic dose dispenser.

    PubMed

    Fioroni, Federica; Grassi, Elisa; Giorgia, Cavatorta; Sara, Rubagotti; Piccagli, Vando; Filice, Angelina; Mostacci, Domiziano; Versari, Annibale; Iori, Mauro

    2016-10-01

    When handling Y-labelled and Lu-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, skin exposure is mainly due to β-particles. This study aimed to investigate the equivalent dose saving of the staff when changing from an essentially manual radiolabelling procedure to an automatic dose dispenser (ADD). The chemist and physician were asked to wear thermoluminescence dosimeters on their fingertips to evaluate the quantity of Hp(0.07) on the skin. Data collected were divided into two groups: before introducing ADD (no ADD) and after introducing ADD. For the chemist, the mean values (95th percentile) of Hp(0.07) for no ADD and ADD are 0.030 (0.099) and 0.019 (0.076) mSv/GBq, respectively, for Y, and 0.022 (0.037) and 0.007 (0.023) mSv/GBq, respectively, for Lu. The reduction for ADD was significant (t-test with P<0.05) for both isotopes. The relative differences before and after ADD collected for every finger were treated using the Wilcoxon test, proving a significantly higher reduction in extremity dose to each fingertip for Lu than for Y (P<0.05). For the medical staff, the mean values of Hp(0.07) (95th percentile) for no ADD and ADD are 0.021 (0.0762) and 0.0143 (0.0565) mSv/GBq, respectively, for Y, and 0.0011 (0.00196) and 0.0009 (0.00263) mSv/GBq, respectively, for Lu. The t-test provided a P-value less than 0.05 for both isotopes, making the difference between ADD and no ADD significant. ADD positively affects the dose saving of the chemist in handling both isotopes. For the medical staff not directly involved with the introduction of the ADD system, the analysis shows a learning curve of the workers over a 5-year period. Specific devices and procedures allow staff skin dose to be limited.

  11. 36 CFR 1011.5 - What interest, penalty charges and administrative costs will the Presidio Trust add to a debt?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... charges and administrative costs will the Presidio Trust add to a debt? 1011.5 Section 1011.5 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PRESIDIO TRUST DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Presidio Trust Debts § 1011.5 What interest, penalty charges and administrative costs will the Presidio Trust add to a debt...

  12. Health and labour force participation of older people in Europe: what do objective health indicators add to the analysis?

    PubMed

    Kalwij, Adriaan; Vermeulen, Frederic

    2008-05-01

    This paper studies labour force participation of older individuals in 11 European countries. The data are drawn from the new Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We examine the value added of objective health indicators in relation to potentially endogenous self-reported health. We approach the endogeneity of self-reported health as an omitted variables problem. In line with the literature on the reliability of self-reported health ambiguous results are obtained. In some countries self-reported health does a fairly good job and controlling for objective health indicators does not add much to the analysis. In other countries, however, the results show that objective health indicators add significantly to the analysis and that self-reported health is endogenous due to omitted objective health indicators. These latter results illustrate the multi-dimensional nature of health and the need to control for objective health indicators when analysing the relation between health status and labour force participation. This makes an instrumental variables approach to deal with the endogeneity of self-reported health less appropriate.

  13. 76 FR 72418 - Statement of Organization, Functions, and Delegations of Authority; Administration on...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-23

    ... components of ACF as well as other public, private, and voluntary sector partners, ADD develops and..., intergovernmental and public-private sector agreements, committees, task forces, commissions or joint-funding... the function to ADD as a result of the Charter Amendment for PCPID governed by Public Law 92-463...

  14. 76 FR 53421 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Air Force [Docket ID: USAF-2011-0021] Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records AGENCY: Department of the Air Force, DoD. ACTION: Notice to Add a System of Records... Federal Register Liaison Officer, Department of Defense. F084 AFHRA A System Name: Air Force Historical...

  15. 76 FR 31365 - Notice of Final Determination Revising the List of Products Requiring Federal Contractor...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-31

    ... List of Products Requiring Federal Contractor Certification as to Forced or Indentured Child Labor... Contractor Certification as to Forced or Indentured Child Labor.'' This notice adds a product, hand-woven... of the List of Products Requiring Federal Contractor Certification as to Forced or Indentured Child...

  16. Attention Deficit Disorder and the Principal.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Essex, Nathan L.; Schifani, John

    1992-01-01

    Until recently, children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) were often placed in special education classrooms. The critical challenge for administrators is ensuring that ADD children are correctly identified and appropriately educated. To avoid lawsuits, principals must lead the development of appropriate policies, procedures, and strategies to…

  17. Development of a High Resolution 3D Infant Stomach Model for Surgical Planning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chaudry, Qaiser; Raza, S. Hussain; Lee, Jeonggyu; Xu, Yan; Wulkan, Mark; Wang, May D.

    Medical surgical procedures have not changed much during the past century due to the lack of accurate low-cost workbench for testing any new improvement. The increasingly cheaper and powerful computer technologies have made computer-based surgery planning and training feasible. In our work, we have developed an accurate 3D stomach model, which aims to improve the surgical procedure that treats the infant pediatric and neonatal gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). We generate the 3-D infant stomach model based on in vivo computer tomography (CT) scans of an infant. CT is a widely used clinical imaging modality that is cheap, but with low spatial resolution. To improve the model accuracy, we use the high resolution Visible Human Project (VHP) in model building. Next, we add soft muscle material properties to make the 3D model deformable. Then we use virtual reality techniques such as haptic devices to make the 3D stomach model deform upon touching force. This accurate 3D stomach model provides a workbench for testing new GERD treatment surgical procedures. It has the potential to reduce or eliminate the extensive cost associated with animal testing when improving any surgical procedure, and ultimately, to reduce the risk associated with infant GERD surgery.

  18. Field Collection Methods for an EPA Pilot Study Evaluating Personal, Housing, and Community Factors Influencing Children’s Potential Exposures to Indoor Contaminants at Various Lifestages (EPA Pilot Study Add-On to the GreenHousing Study)

    EPA Science Inventory

    This compilation of field collection standard operating procedures (SOPs) was assembled for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Pilot Study add-on to the Green Housing Study (GHS). A detailed description of this add-on study can be found in the peer reviewed research...

  19. The Challenges of Being a Sensory Dysfunctional Child in a Military Family

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-05-02

    Attention - Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ). 19 Sometimes the two overlap or 7 .· they can be two distinct conditions...the All-Volunteer Force. 22 Glossary ADD- Attention - Deficit Disorder ADHD - Attention - Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder CPNP-Certified Pediatric Nurse...parent on wartime deployment. The number one diagnosis (30.1 %) was for attention - deficit disorder (ADD). Adjustment

  20. The Physics of Soaring.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ford, Kenneth W.

    2000-01-01

    Discusses the nature and orientation of the forces that allow an engineless airplane (a glider or sailplane) to fly. A glider flying at constant velocity provides a nice example of an object moving under the action of several forces that add to zero. (WRM)

  1. Involvement of the MAPK pathway in the pressure-induced synovial metaplasia procedure for the temporomandibular joint.

    PubMed

    Wu, M J; Lu, H P; Gu, Z Y; Zhou, Y Q

    2016-06-20

    Abnormal pressure is an important factor that contributes to bone adaptation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We determined the effect of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway on the pressure-induced synovial metaplasia procedure for the TMJ, both in vitro and in vivo. Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) were exacted from rat TMJs and exposed to different hydrostatic pressures. The protein extracts were analyzed to determine the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38. Surgical anterior disc displacement (ADD) was also performed on Japanese rabbits, and the proteins of TMJ were isolated to analyze pressure-induced MAPK activation after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The results showed that the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK in SFs significantly changed with increasing hydrostatic pressure, whereas p38 activation did not change. Moreover, p38 was activated in animals 1 week after surgical ADD. The levels of p38 gradually increased after 2 and 4 weeks, and then slightly decreased but remained higher than in the control 8 weeks after surgical ADD. Nevertheless, JNK was rarely activated after the ADD treatment. Our findings suggest the involvement of MAPK activation in the pressure-induced synovial metaplasia procedure with pressure loading in TMJ.

  2. 77 FR 32642 - Determination Concerning a Petition To Add a Class of Employees to the Special Exposure Cohort

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-01

    ... employees from Hangar 481 at Kirtland Air Force Base to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) under the Energy..., Kirtland Air Force Base, from March 1, 1989 through February 29, 1996. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...

  3. Variables Related to Pre-Service Cannabis Use in a Sample of Air Force Enlistees.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mullins, Cecil J.; And Others

    This report is an attempt to add to the existing information about cannabis use, its correlates, and its effects. The sample population consisted of self-admitted abusers of various drugs, identified shortly after entering the Air Force. The subjects (N=4688) were located through the Drug Control Office at Lackland Air Force Base. Variables…

  4. Aerodynamic drag reduction tests on a full-scale tractor-trailer combination with several add-on devices

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Montoya, L. C.; Steers, L. L.

    1974-01-01

    Aerodynamic drag tests were performed on a conventional cab-over-engine tractor with a 45-foot trailer and five commercially available or potentially available add-on devices using the coast-down method. The tests ranged in velocity from approximately 30 miles per hour to 65 miles per hour and included some flow visualization. A smooth, level runway at Edwards Air Force Base was used for the tests, and deceleration measurements were taken with both accelerometers and stopwatches. An evaluation of the drag reduction results obtained with each of the five add-on devices is presented.

  5. 77 FR 59790 - General Services Administration Acquisition Regulation (GSAR); Rewrite of Part 504...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-01

    ....'' GSAR Subpart 504.11, Central Contractor Registration (CCR) and GSAR 504.1103, Procedures, to add the... Sec. 504.1103 Procedures. Subpart 504.11--Central Contractor Registration 504.1103 Procedures. In addition to the requirements found in FAR 4.1103, prior to awarding a contractual instrument the...

  6. 40 CFR 63.9323 - How do I determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... device emission destruction or removal efficiency? 63.9323 Section 63.9323 Protection of Environment... determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency? You must use the procedures... removal efficiency as part of the performance test required by § 63.9310. You must conduct three test runs...

  7. 40 CFR 63.9323 - How do I determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... device emission destruction or removal efficiency? 63.9323 Section 63.9323 Protection of Environment... determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency? You must use the procedures... removal efficiency as part of the performance test required by § 63.9310. You must conduct three test runs...

  8. 40 CFR 63.4566 - How do I determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... device emission destruction or removal efficiency? 63.4566 Section 63.4566 Protection of Environment... efficiency? You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency as part of the performance test required by § 63.4560...

  9. 40 CFR 63.3966 - How do I determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... device emission destruction or removal efficiency? 63.3966 Section 63.3966 Protection of Environment... or removal efficiency? You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency as part of the performance test...

  10. 40 CFR 63.4566 - How do I determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... device emission destruction or removal efficiency? 63.4566 Section 63.4566 Protection of Environment... efficiency? You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency as part of the performance test required by § 63.4560...

  11. 40 CFR 63.3966 - How do I determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... device emission destruction or removal efficiency? 63.3966 Section 63.3966 Protection of Environment... or removal efficiency? You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal efficiency as part of the performance test...

  12. Radial Flow Effects On A Retreating Rotor Blade

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-05-01

    blades which are subject to the coupled effects of reactive centrifugal and Coriolis forces unique to the rotating environment. These forces are...coupled effects of centrifugal and Coriolis forces in the rotating environment add more complexity to the flow characteristics [96]. McCroskey’s [74...disk will definitely cause some non-linear effects on the radial velocity profile. These effects are not investigated in this study. The next of

  13. Augmented Computer Mouse Would Measure Applied Force

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Li, Larry C. H.

    1993-01-01

    Proposed computer mouse measures force of contact applied by user. Adds another dimension to two-dimensional-position-measuring capability of conventional computer mouse; force measurement designated to represent any desired continuously variable function of time and position, such as control force, acceleration, velocity, or position along axis perpendicular to computer video display. Proposed mouse enhances sense of realism and intuition in interaction between operator and computer. Useful in such applications as three-dimensional computer graphics, computer games, and mathematical modeling of dynamics.

  14. GRIFFIN: A versatile methodology for optimization of protein-lipid interfaces for membrane protein simulations

    PubMed Central

    Staritzbichler, René; Anselmi, Claudio; Forrest, Lucy R.; Faraldo-Gómez, José D.

    2014-01-01

    As new atomic structures of membrane proteins are resolved, they reveal increasingly complex transmembrane topologies, and highly irregular surfaces with crevices and pores. In many cases, specific interactions formed with the lipid membrane are functionally crucial, as is the overall lipid composition. Compounded with increasing protein size, these characteristics pose a challenge for the construction of simulation models of membrane proteins in lipid environments; clearly, that these models are sufficiently realistic bears upon the reliability of simulation-based studies of these systems. Here, we introduce GRIFFIN, which uses a versatile framework to automate and improve a widely-used membrane-embedding protocol. Initially, GRIFFIN carves out lipid and water molecules from a volume equivalent to that of the protein, so as to conserve the system density. In the subsequent optimization phase GRIFFIN adds an implicit grid-based protein force-field to a molecular dynamics simulation of the pre-carved membrane. In this force-field, atoms inside the implicit protein volume experience an outward force that will expel them from that volume, whereas those outside are subject to electrostatic and van-der-Waals interactions with the implicit protein. At each step of the simulation, these forces are updated by GRIFFIN and combined with the intermolecular forces of the explicit lipid-water system. This procedure enables the construction of realistic and reproducible starting configurations of the protein-membrane interface within a reasonable timeframe and with minimal intervention. GRIFFIN is a standalone tool designed to work alongside any existing molecular dynamics package, such as NAMD or GROMACS. PMID:24707227

  15. 15 CFR 19.5 - How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce debt? 19.5 Section 19.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce...

  16. 15 CFR 19.5 - How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce debt? 19.5 Section 19.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce...

  17. 15 CFR 19.5 - How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce debt? 19.5 Section 19.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce...

  18. 15 CFR 19.5 - How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce debt? 19.5 Section 19.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce...

  19. 15 CFR 19.5 - How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce debt? 19.5 Section 19.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce...

  20. Jet-induced ground effects on a parametric flat-plate model in hover

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wardwell, Douglas A.; Hange, Craig E.; Kuhn, Richard E.; Stewart, Vearl R.

    1993-01-01

    The jet-induced forces generated on short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft when in close proximity to the ground can have a significant effect on aircraft performance. Therefore, accurate predictions of these aerodynamic characteristics are highly desirable. Empirical procedures for estimating jet-induced forces during the vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) portions of the flight envelope are currently limited in accuracy. The jet-induced force data presented significantly add to the current STOVL configurations data base. Further development of empirical prediction methods for jet-induced forces, to provide more configuration diversity and improved overall accuracy, depends on the viability of this STOVL data base. The data base may also be used to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis codes. The hover data obtained at the NASA Ames Jet Calibration and Hover Test (JCAHT) facility for a parametric flat-plate model is presented. The model tested was designed to allow variations in the planform aspect ratio, number of jets, nozzle shape, and jet location. There were 31 different planform/nozzle configurations tested. Each configuration had numerous pressure taps installed to measure the pressures on the undersurface of the model. All pressure data along with the balance jet-induced lift and pitching-moment increments are tabulated. For selected runs, pressure data are presented in the form of contour plots that show lines of constant pressure coefficient on the model undersurface. Nozzle-thrust calibrations and jet flow-pressure survey information are also provided.

  1. PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING PERMANENT TOTAL ENCLOSURE COSTS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The paper discusses a procedure for estimating permanent total enclosure (PTE) costs. (NOTE: Industries that use add-on control devices must adequately capture emissions before delivering them to the control device. One way to capture emissions is to use PTEs, enclosures that mee...

  2. Testing Signal-Detection Models of Yes/No and Two-Alternative Forced-Choice Recognition Memory

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jang, Yoonhee; Wixted, John T.; Huber, David E.

    2009-01-01

    The current study compared 3 models of recognition memory in their ability to generalize across yes/no and 2-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) testing. The unequal-variance signal-detection model assumes a continuous memory strength process. The dual-process signal-detection model adds a thresholdlike recollection process to a continuous…

  3. 77 FR 37006 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-20

    ... 210, Peterson Air Force Base, CO 80914-4500. Back-up servers: U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM... JSME Project Manager, U.S. Strategic Command J663, 901 SAC Boulevard, Suite 3J11, Offutt Air Force Base...; System of Records AGENCY: U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), DoD. ACTION: Notice to add a system of...

  4. Unitary reconstruction of secret for stabilizer-based quantum secret sharing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matsumoto, Ryutaroh

    2017-08-01

    We propose a unitary procedure to reconstruct quantum secret for a quantum secret sharing scheme constructed from stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes. Erasure correcting procedures for stabilizer codes need to add missing shares for reconstruction of quantum secret, while unitary reconstruction procedures for certain class of quantum secret sharing are known to work without adding missing shares. The proposed procedure also works without adding missing shares.

  5. 78 FR 16051 - Vehicle/Track Interaction Safety Standards; High-Speed and High Cant Deficiency Operations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-13

    ...FRA is amending the Track Safety Standards and Passenger Equipment Safety Standards to promote the safe interaction of rail vehicles with the track over which they operate under a variety of conditions at speeds up to 220 m.p.h. The final rule revises standards for track geometry and safety limits for vehicle response to track conditions, enhances vehicle/track qualification procedures, and adds flexibility for permitting high cant deficiency train operations through curves at conventional speeds. The rule accounts for a range of vehicle types that are currently in operation, as well as vehicle types that may likely be used in future high-speed or high cant deficiency rail operations, or both. The rule is based on the results of simulation studies designed to identify track geometry irregularities associated with unsafe wheel/rail forces and accelerations, thorough reviews of vehicle qualification and revenue service test data, and consideration of international practices.

  6. Codes of professional conduct for Australian Defence Force military physicians: evenomating the serpent?

    PubMed

    O'Connor, Mike

    2010-09-01

    The scandal of health professionals' involvement in recent human rights abuses in United States military detention centres has prompted concern that Australian military physicians should be well protected against similar pressures to participate in harsh interrogations. A framework of military health ethics has been proposed. Would a code of professional conduct be a partial solution? This article examines the utility of professional codes: can they transform unethical behaviour or are they only of value to those who already behave ethically? How should such codes be designed, what support mechanisms should be in place and how should complaints be managed? A key recommendation is that codes of professional conduct should be accompanied by publicly transparent procedures for the investigation of serious infractions and appropriate disciplinary action when proven. The training of military physicians should also aim to develop a sound understanding of both humanitarian and human rights law. At present, both civil and military education of physicians generally lacks any component of human rights law. The Australian Defence Force (ADF) seems well placed to add codes of professional conduct to its existing ethical framework because of strong support at the highest executive levels.

  7. 75 FR 34625 - Administrative Remedy Program: Exception to Initial Filing Procedures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-18

    ... Remedy Program: Exception to Initial Filing Procedures AGENCY: Bureau of Prisons, Justice. ACTION... Administrative Remedy Program to add an exception to initial filing of Administrative Remedy appeals at the institution level. The exception will state that formal administrative remedy requests regarding initial...

  8. The Use of Rapid Review Methods for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

    PubMed

    Patnode, Carrie D; Eder, Michelle L; Walsh, Emily S; Viswanathan, Meera; Lin, Jennifer S

    2018-01-01

    Rapid review products are intended to synthesize available evidence in a timely fashion while still meeting the needs of healthcare decision makers. Various methods and products have been applied for rapid evidence syntheses, but no single approach has been uniformly adopted. Methods to gain efficiency and compress the review time period include focusing on a narrow clinical topic and key questions; limiting the literature search; performing single (versus dual) screening of abstracts and full-text articles for relevance; and limiting the analysis and synthesis. In order to maintain the scientific integrity, including transparency, of rapid evidence syntheses, it is imperative that procedures used to streamline standard systematic review methods are prespecified, based on sound review principles and empiric evidence when possible, and provide the end user with an accurate and comprehensive synthesis. The collection of clinical preventive service recommendations maintained by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, along with its commitment to rigorous methods development, provide a unique opportunity to refine, implement, and evaluate rapid evidence synthesis methods and add to an emerging evidence base on rapid review methods. This paper summarizes the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's use of rapid review methodology, its criteria for selecting topics for rapid evidence syntheses, and proposed methods to streamline the review process. Copyright © 2018 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. All rights reserved.

  9. Add Deterrence to the Strategy Against ISIS

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-03-31

    is massive and is as old as the study of warfare. At its core is the understanding of the use of force and threat of force. Sun Tzu , in the sixth...century B.C., postulated “to subdue the enemy without fighting is the acme of skill.”2 Sun Tzu placed the enemy’s strategy as the decisive point in war...is not simply winning without the use of force, there has to be credible force to back up the threat. Sun Tzu and Clausewitz would agree that the

  10. Effectiveness of Interactive Videodisc in Army Communications Training

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-11-01

    RESARCHINSTTUT The research described in this report was sponsored by the Assis- tant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel). The...Santa Monica, CA 90401 It. CONTROLLING O1PPICZ NAN ANO ADD NSS REPORT OATS Ofc, Asst. Secty of Defense for Force Management T.v,,.i. I On & Personnel...Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel) 91-02489 RAN D Ih~I 91 618 078 Approvd fa pubic m~em isbtuio ftld PREFACE This report presents the

  11. 42 CFR 488.110 - Procedural guidelines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... resident care situations that you believe might pose a serious threat to a resident's health or safety. Add... 42 Public Health 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Procedural guidelines. 488.110 Section 488.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES...

  12. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

    MedlinePlus

    ... the toilet water. Touch the brush on the space indicated on the test card. Add the brush ... DA, Levin TR; United States Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after ...

  13. Mapping land cover through time with the Rapid Land Cover Mapper—Documentation and user manual

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Cotillon, Suzanne E.; Mathis, Melissa L.

    2017-02-15

    The Rapid Land Cover Mapper is an Esri ArcGIS® Desktop add-in, which was created as an alternative to automated or semiautomated mapping methods. Based on a manual photo interpretation technique, the tool facilitates mapping over large areas and through time, and produces time-series raster maps and associated statistics that characterize the changing landscapes. The Rapid Land Cover Mapper add-in can be used with any imagery source to map various themes (for instance, land cover, soils, or forest) at any chosen mapping resolution. The user manual contains all essential information for the user to make full use of the Rapid Land Cover Mapper add-in. This manual includes a description of the add-in functions and capabilities, and step-by-step procedures for using the add-in. The Rapid Land Cover Mapper add-in was successfully used by the U.S. Geological Survey West Africa Land Use Dynamics team to accurately map land use and land cover in 17 West African countries through time (1975, 2000, and 2013).

  14. 40 CFR 1065.720 - Liquefied petroleum gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration....720—Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Item Value Reference procedure 1 Propane... test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture to a...

  15. 40 CFR 1065.720 - Liquefied petroleum gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration....720—Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Item Value Reference procedure 1 Propane... test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture to a...

  16. 40 CFR 1065.720 - Liquefied petroleum gas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration....720—Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Item Value Reference procedure 1 Propane... test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture to a...

  17. Impact of add-on laboratory testing at an academic medical center: a five year retrospective study.

    PubMed

    Nelson, Louis S; Davis, Scott R; Humble, Robert M; Kulhavy, Jeff; Aman, Dean R; Krasowski, Matthew D

    2015-01-01

    Clinical laboratories frequently receive orders to perform additional tests on existing specimens ('add-ons'). Previous studies have examined add-on ordering patterns over short periods of time. The objective of this study was to analyze add-on ordering patterns over an extended time period. We also analyzed the impact of a robotic specimen archival/retrieval system on add-on testing procedure and manual effort. In this retrospective study at an academic medical center, electronic health records from were searched to obtain all add-on orders that were placed in the time period of May 2, 2009 to December 31, 2014. During the time period of retrospective study, 880,359 add-on tests were ordered on 96,244 different patients. Add-on testing comprised 3.3 % of total test volumes. There were 443,411 unique ordering instances, leading to an average of 1.99 add-on tests per instance. Some patients had multiple episodes of add-on test orders at different points in time, leading to an average of 9.15 add-on tests per patient. The majority of add-on orders were for chemistry tests (78.8 % of total add-ons) with the next most frequent being hematology and coagulation tests (11.2 % of total add-ons). Inpatient orders accounted for 66.8 % of total add-on orders, while the emergency department and outpatient clinics had 14.8 % and 18.4 % of total add-on orders, respectively. The majority of add-ons were placed within 8 hours (87.3 %) and nearly all by 24 hours (96.8 %). Nearly 100 % of add-on orders within the emergency department were placed within 8 hours. The introduction of a robotic specimen archival/retrieval unit saved an average of 2.75 minutes of laboratory staff manual time per unique add-on order. This translates to 24.1 hours/day less manual effort in dealing with add-on orders. Our study reflects the previous literature in showing that add-on orders significantly impact the workload of the clinical laboratory. The majority of add-on orders are clinical chemistry tests, and most add-on orders occur within 24 hours of original specimen collection. Robotic specimen archival/retrieval units can reduce manual effort in the clinical laboratory associated with add-on orders.

  18. 7 CFR 1753.29 - Force account procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Force account procedures. 1753.29 Section 1753.29... Force account procedures. (a) The borrower must obtain RUS approval of the force account method of... item not provided for in the approved loan. (d) Force Account construction to be financed with loan...

  19. Decision Support for Transportation Planning in Joint COA Development.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1996-06-01

    COA generation is interwoven with COA evaluation. SOCAP demonstrates its ability to aid in feasibility estimation by producing output for the Dynamic...Analysis and Replanning Tool (DART) transportation feasibility estimator. The output of SOCAP is first used by an intermediate Force Module Enhancer...and Requirements Generator (FMERG), which elaborates the major force list produced by SOCAP in order to add supporting units and their transportation

  20. 77 FR 56694 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-13

    ... documents, instead of issuing subpoenas. The proposed rule change would add procedures for non-parties to... documents, instead of issuing subpoenas, and to standardize certain procedures relating to subpoenas and.... Finally, the Subpoena Rules describe how parties must share documents produced under a subpoena. The...

  1. 40 CFR 75.34 - Units with add-on emission controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.34 Units with... monitoring system(s) are not obtained. (1) The owner or operator may use the missing data substitution procedures specified in §§ 75.31 through 75.33 to provide substitute data for any missing data hour(s) in...

  2. 40 CFR 75.34 - Units with add-on emission controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.34 Units with... monitoring system(s) are not obtained. (1) The owner or operator may use the missing data substitution procedures specified in §§ 75.31 through 75.33 to provide substitute data for any missing data hour(s) in...

  3. 40 CFR 75.34 - Units with add-on emission controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.34 Units with... monitoring system(s) are not obtained. (1) The owner or operator may use the missing data substitution procedures specified in §§ 75.31 through 75.33 to provide substitute data for any missing data hour(s) in...

  4. 40 CFR 75.34 - Units with add-on emission controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.34 Units with... monitoring system(s) are not obtained. (1) The owner or operator may use the missing data substitution procedures specified in §§ 75.31 through 75.33 to provide substitute data for any missing data hour(s) in...

  5. 40 CFR 75.34 - Units with add-on emission controls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.34 Units with... monitoring system(s) are not obtained. (1) The owner or operator may use the missing data substitution procedures specified in §§ 75.31 through 75.33 to provide substitute data for any missing data hour(s) in...

  6. Increasing operating room efficiency through electronic medical record analysis.

    PubMed

    Attaallah, A F; Elzamzamy, O M; Phelps, A L; Ranganthan, P; Vallejo, M C

    2016-05-01

    We used electronic medical record (EMR) analysis to determine errors in operating room (OR) time utilisation. Over a two year period EMR data of 44,503 surgical procedures was analysed for OR duration, on-time, first case, and add-on time performance, within 19 surgical specialties. Maximal OR time utilisation at our institution could have saved over 302,620 min or 5,044 hours of OR efficiency over a two year period. Most specialties (78.95%) had inaccurately scheduled procedure times and therefore used the OR more than their scheduled allotment time. Significant differences occurred between the mean scheduled surgical durations (101.38 ± 87.11 min) and actual durations (108.18 ± 102.27 min; P < 0.001). Significant differences also occurred between the mean scheduled add-on durations (111.4 ± 75.5 min) and the actual add-on scheduled durations (118.6 ± 90.1 minutes; P < 0.001). EMR quality improvement analysis can be used to determine scheduling error and bias, in order to improve efficiency and increase OR time utilisation.

  7. 78 FR 3921 - Proposed Models for Plant-Specific Adoption of Technical Specifications Task Force Traveler TSTF...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-17

    ... Specifications Combustion Engineering Plants.'' Specifically, the proposed change revises various TSs to add a... Technical Details TSTF-426, Revision 5, is applicable to all Combustion Engineering- designed nuclear power...

  8. The contribution of familiarity to recognition memory is a function of test format when using similar foils

    PubMed Central

    Migo, Ellen; Montaldi, Daniela; Norman, Kenneth A.; Quamme, Joel; Mayes, Andrew

    2010-01-01

    Patient Y.R., who suffered hippocampal damage that disrupted recollection but not familiarity, was impaired on a yes/no (YN) object recognition memory test with similar foils. However, she was not impaired on a forced-choice corresponding (FCC) version of the test that paired targets with corresponding similar foils (Holdstock et al. 2002). This dissociation is explained by the Complementary Learning Systems (CLS) neural-network model (Norman & O'Reilly 2003) if recollection is impaired but familiarity is preserved. The CLS model also predicts that participants relying exclusively on familiarity should be impaired on forced-choice non-corresponding (FCNC) tests, where targets are presented with foils similar to other targets. The present study tests these predictions for all three test formats (YN, FCC, FCNC) in normal participants using two variants of the remember/know procedure. As predicted, performance using familiarity alone was significantly worse than standard recognition on the YN and FCNC tests, but not on the FCC test. Recollection in the form of recall-to-reject was the major process driving YN recognition. This adds support to the interpretation of patient data according to which, hippocampal damage causes a recollection deficit that leads to poor performance on the YN test relative to FCC. PMID:19096990

  9. 76 FR 18072 - Procedures for Transportation Workplace Drug and Alcohol Testing Programs

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Office of the Secretary 49 CFR Part 40 Procedures for Transportation Workplace Drug and Alcohol Testing Programs CFR Correction In Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1 to 99, revised as of October 1, 2010, on page 571, in Sec. 40.97, add paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and...

  10. Tolerances of the human brain to concussion.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1971-03-01

    The report reviews the pertinent literature and adds additional evidence indicating that the human brain may be able to tolerate head impact forces in the range of 300 to 400 g's without evidence of concussion or other detectable neurologic sequelae,...

  11. Bubble, Bubble, Toil and Trouble.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Journal of Chemical Education, 2001

    2001-01-01

    Bubbles are a fun way to introduce the concepts of surface tension, intermolecular forces, and the use of surfactants. Presents two activities in which students add chemicals to liquid dishwashing detergent with water in order to create longer lasting bubbles. (ASK)

  12. Meat Entree Item Production Guides Developed for Use in Ft. Lee Interim Central Food Preparation Facility

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-03-01

    serves 8). 10. Add cooked dough . (See topping procedure). 11. Cover, label and place in blast freezer. Totals Rotes: 1. Reheating...3. Gradually add cold water and mix only enough to form a soft dough . 4. Place dough on a lightly floured board, kneeding lightly about 1...minute or until dough Is smooth. 5. Roll out to a uniform thickness of 1/4 inch. 6. Cut into 2 i/4-inch diameter biscuits. 7. Bake for 15 minutes in

  13. Influences of rolling method on deformation force in cold roll-beating forming process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Su, Yongxiang; Cui, Fengkui; Liang, Xiaoming; Li, Yan

    2018-03-01

    In process, the research object, the gear rack was selected to study the influence law of rolling method on the deformation force. By the mean of the cold roll forming finite element simulation, the variation regularity of radial and tangential deformation was analysed under different rolling methods. The variation of deformation force of the complete forming racks and the single roll during the steady state under different rolling modes was analyzed. The results show: when upbeating and down beating, radial single point average force is similar, the tangential single point average force gap is bigger, the gap of tangential single point average force is relatively large. Add itionally, the tangential force at the time of direct beating is large, and the dire ction is opposite with down beating. With directly beating, deformation force loading fast and uninstall slow. Correspondingly, with down beating, deformat ion force loading slow and uninstall fast.

  14. A linear magnetic motor and generator

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Studer, P. A.

    1980-01-01

    In linear magnetic motor and generator suitable for remote and hostile environments, magnetic forces drive reciprocating shaft along its axis. Actuator shaft is located in center of cylindrical body and may be supported by either contacting or noncontacting bearings. When device operates as bidirectional motor, drive coil selectively adds and subtracts magnetic flux to and from flux paths, producing forces that drive actuator along axis. When actuator is driven by external reciprocating engine, device becomes ac generator.

  15. 46 CFR Appendix III to Part 150 - Testing Procedures for Determining Exceptions to the Chart

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... provided with shields. Testing chemicals other than liquids—The procedure outlined below was developed for... test tube to a stand behind a safety shield (in a hood). Carefully add from a dropper 0.5ml of the... mixture. The Dewar flask is equipped with a magnetic stirrer having a stirring bar coated with an inert...

  16. 46 CFR Appendix III to Part 150 - Testing Procedures for Determining Exceptions to the Chart

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... provided with shields. Testing chemicals other than liquids—The procedure outlined below was developed for... test tube to a stand behind a safety shield (in a hood). Carefully add from a dropper 0.5ml of the... mixture. The Dewar flask is equipped with a magnetic stirrer having a stirring bar coated with an inert...

  17. 46 CFR Appendix III to Part 150 - Testing Procedures for Determining Exceptions to the Chart

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... provided with shields. Testing chemicals other than liquids—The procedure outlined below was developed for... test tube to a stand behind a safety shield (in a hood). Carefully add from a dropper 0.5ml of the... mixture. The Dewar flask is equipped with a magnetic stirrer having a stirring bar coated with an inert...

  18. Reducing the Gap of Pain: A Strategy for Optimizing Federal Resource Availability in Response to Major Incidents

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-03-01

    TM Transportation Means TX- TF1 Texas Task Force 1; a US&R team UPS United Parcel Service, Inc.; a major commercial cargo carrier US&R Urban...Pennsylvania Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) Task Force One (PA- TF1 ) were pre-deployed to the area in advance of the storm. In a moving report of their...4 it would be a good idea to add swiftwater/flood rescue components to all of the US&R Task Forces.” Lt. Douglas Bair, a PA- TF1 rescue squad

  19. Determination of brace forces caused by construction loads and wind loads during bridge construction : [summary].

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2014-04-01

    Bridges are constructed in stages as pilings, : columns, girders, decks, and other components : are added. At each stage, the structure must be : stable. Girders, which add significant weight to : the developing structure, rest on elastomeric : beari...

  20. Hybrid Position/Force Control of an Active Handheld Micromanipulator for Membrane Peeling

    PubMed Central

    Wells, Trent S.; Yang, Sungwook; MacLachlan, Robert A.; Lobes, Louis A.; Martel, Joseph N.; Riviere, Cameron N.

    2015-01-01

    Background Peeling procedures in retinal surgery require micron-scale manipulation and control of sub-tactile forces. Methods Hybrid position/force control of an actuated handheld microsurgical instrument is presented as a means for simultaneously improving positioning accuracy and reducing forces to prevent avoidable trauma to tissue. The system response was evaluated, and membrane-peeling trials were performed by four test subjects in both artificial and animal models. Results Maximum force was reduced by 56% in both models as compared to position control. No statistically significant effect on procedure duration was observed. Conclusions A hybrid position/force control system has been implemented that successfully attenuates forces and minimizes unwanted excursions during microsurgical procedures such as membrane peeling. Results also suggest that improvements in safety using this technique may be attained without increasing the duration of the procedure. PMID:25962836

  1. 32 CFR 855.22 - Air Force procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Air Force procedures. 855.22 Section 855.22 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL AIRCRAFT USE OF UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AIRFIELDS Agreements for Civil Aircraft Use of Air Force Airfields § 855...

  2. 32 CFR 855.22 - Air Force procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Air Force procedures. 855.22 Section 855.22 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL AIRCRAFT USE OF UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AIRFIELDS Agreements for Civil Aircraft Use of Air Force Airfields § 855...

  3. 32 CFR 855.22 - Air Force procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Air Force procedures. 855.22 Section 855.22 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL AIRCRAFT USE OF UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AIRFIELDS Agreements for Civil Aircraft Use of Air Force Airfields § 855...

  4. 32 CFR 45.3 - Policy and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Management and Personnel) (ASD(FM&P)). Requests to add or delete information will be coordinated with the other Military Services in writing, prior to submission to the ASD(FM&P). If a Military Service uses...

  5. Investigation of parabolic computational techniques for internal high-speed viscous flows

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Anderson, O. L.; Power, G. D.

    1985-01-01

    A feasibility study was conducted to assess the applicability of an existing parabolic analysis (ADD-Axisymmetric Diffuser Duct), developed previously for subsonic viscous internal flows, to mixed supersonic/subsonic flows with heat addition simulating a SCRAMJET combustor. A study was conducted with the ADD code modified to include additional convection effects in the normal momentum equation when supersonic expansion and compression waves were present. It is concluded from the present study that for the class of problems where strong viscous/inviscid interactions are present a global iteration procedure is required.

  6. 77 FR 49063 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Dishwashers and Cooking Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-15

    ...The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to amend its test procedures for residential dishwashers to update certain obsolete dishware, flatware and food items, make minor amendments to the definition of the normal cycle, and update the ambient temperature and preconditioning requirements as well as the industry test method referenced in DOE's test procedure. DOE also proposes to add water pressure, drain height, rack position, loading, rinse aid container, and soil preparation specifications to the dishwasher test procedure. DOE additionally proposes to amend the test procedures for both dishwashers and conventional cooking products for the measurement of energy use in fan-only mode.

  7. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF RESIDUAL LIQUID ORGANICS FROM SPILLS, LEAKS, AND THE DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES IN GROUNDWATER

    EPA Science Inventory

    Organic liquids that are essentially immiscible with water migrate through the subsurface through the influence of capillary, viscous and buoyancy forces. Four experimental methods were employed. First, quantitative displacement experiments using short soil columns; second, add...

  8. Environmental Assessment for Proposed Royal Saudi Air Force F-15SA Beddown at Mountain Home Air Force Base

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-08-16

    designed for sophisticated air-to- ground attack capabilities and air-to-air superiority missions, using two crewmembers, a pilot and a weapon systems ...was added to the area of potential ground disturbance. This area comprises a total of 14.08 acres for all projects. As yet undefined infrastructure...upgrades, such as connecting new facilities to water and power systems would also add to the affected areas/ potential area of ground disturbance on

  9. Closing the Gap: Force Expansion in an Age of ’Come-As-You-Are’ Conflict

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-03-29

    monograph argues that in order to expand the land force to face an existential threat, Australia must be capable of raising, training and sustaining...a corps in combat as part ofa coalition. The purpose of this study was to add to the body ofknowledge relating to how Australia can expand the land ...expansion to fulfill obligations to allies or defend Australian territory and regional interests. This monograph argues that in order to expand the land

  10. Rapid analytical determination of glutaraldehyde concentrations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Frigerio, N. A.; Shaw, M. H.

    1971-01-01

    Technique utilizes the iodimetric procedure which adds unknown excess of bisulfite to glutaraldehyde /GA/ then titrates unreacted bisulfite with standard iodine isotope to determine GA concentrations. Technique may interest microscopists, food researchers, biochemical or medical laboratories, and drug manufacturers.

  11. 12 CFR 313.128 - Disposition of amounts collected.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... PROCEDURES FOR CORPORATE DEBT COLLECTION Tax Refund Offset § 313.128 Disposition of amounts collected. FMS... tax refund offset program. To the extent allowed by law, the FDIC may add the offset fees to the debt...

  12. Ocular surface temperature in patients with evaporative and aqueous-deficient dry eyes: a thermographic approach.

    PubMed

    Matteoli, S; Favuzza, E; Mazzantini, L; Aragona, P; Cappelli, S; Corvi, A; Mencucci, R

    2017-07-26

    In recent decades infrared thermography (IRT) has facilitated accurate quantitative measurements of the ocular surface temperature (OST), applying a non-invasive procedure. The objective of this work was to develop a procedure based on IRT, which allows characterizing of the cooling of the ocular surface of patients suffering from dry eye syndrome, and distinguishing among patients suffering from aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eyes (EDE). All patients examined (34 females and 4 males, 23-84 years) were divided into two groups according to their Schirmer I result (⩽ 7 mm for ADDE and  >  7 mm for EDE), and the OST was recorded for 7 s at 30 Hz. For each acquisition, the temperatures of the central cornea (CC) as well as those of both temporal and nasal canthi were investigated. Findings showed that the maximum temperature variation (up to 0.75  ±  0.29 °C) was at the CC for both groups. Furthermore, patients suffering from EDE tended to have a higher initial OST than those with ADDE, explained by the greater quantity of the tear film, evenly distributed over the entire ocular surface, keeping the OST higher initially. Results also showed that EDE patients had an average cooling rate higher than those suffering from ADDE, confirming the excessive evaporation of the tear film. Ocular thermography paves the way to become an effective tool for differentiating between the two different etiologies of dry eye syndrome.

  13. [Endometriosis medical treatment: Hormonal treatment for the management of pain and endometriotic lesions recurrence. CNGOF-HAS Endometriosis Guidelines].

    PubMed

    Geoffron, S; Cohen, J; Sauvan, M; Legendre, G; Wattier, J M; Daraï, E; Fernandez, H; Chabbert-Buffet, N

    2018-03-01

    The available literature, from 2006 to 2017, on hormonal treatment has been analysed as a contribution to the HAS-CNGOF task force for the treatment of endometriosis. Available data are heterogeneous and the general level of evidence is moderate. Hormonal treatment is usually offered as the primary option to women suffering from endometriosis. It cannot be used in women willing to conceive. In women who have not been operated, the first line of hormonal treatment includes combined oral contraceptives (COC) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intra uterine system (52mg LNG-IUS). As a second line, desogestrel progestin only pills, etonogestrel implants, GnRH analogs (GnRHa) with add back therapy and dienogest can be offered. Add back therapy should include estrogens to prevent bone loss and improve quality of life, it can be introduced before the third month of treatment to prevent side effects. The literature does not support preoperative hormonal treatment for the sole purpose of reducing complications or recurrence, or facilitating surgical procedures. After surgical treatment, hormonal treatment is recommended to prevent pain recurrence and improve quality of life. COCs or LNG IUS are recommended as a first line. To prevent recurrence of endometriomas COC is advised and maintained as long as tolerance is good in the absence of pregnancy plans. In case of dysmenorrhea, postoperative COC should be used in a continuous scheme. GnRHa are not recommended in the sole purpose of reducing endometrioma recurrence risk. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  14. 32 CFR 855.22 - Air Force procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Air Force procedures. 855.22 Section 855.22 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL AIRCRAFT USE... is located. AFI 13-201, Air Force Airspace Management, 8 lists the AFREPs and their addresses. The...

  15. 32 CFR 855.22 - Air Force procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Air Force procedures. 855.22 Section 855.22 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL AIRCRAFT USE... is located. AFI 13-201, Air Force Airspace Management, 8 lists the AFREPs and their addresses. The...

  16. 76 FR 55842 - Partial Approval and Partial Disapproval of Air Quality Implementation Plans; California; San...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-09

    ... sometimes approves a rule only as a SIP strengthening action (e.g., to update definitions, add test methods... standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and business practices) that...

  17. 78 FR 73824 - Foreign-Trade Zone (FTZ) 230-Piedmont Triad Area, North Carolina, Notification of Proposed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-09

    ... request would add deodorant/antiperspirant and body wash gift sets and certain foreign components to the... the duty rates during customs entry procedures that apply to deodorant/antiperspirant and body wash...

  18. Nurturing Cultural Diversity in Higher Education: A Critical Review of Selected Models

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Guo, Shibao; Jamal, Zenobia

    2007-01-01

    Canadian universities and colleges are becoming increasingly ethnoculturally diverse. Two major social forces have contributed to this change: immigration and increasing enrolment of international students. Minority and international students bring their values, language, culture and educational background to our campuses, to add to and enrich our…

  19. Warm-Up Effect in Panelist-Articulated-2-Alternative Forced Choice Test.

    PubMed

    Bloom, David J; Baik, Hwa-Young; Lee, Soo-Yeun

    2018-01-01

    Panelist performance in discrimination tests has been shown to increase when warm-up samples are provided prior to the actual test. Samples are used prior to the actual test for the attribute articulation process of a panelist-articulated-2-alternative forced choice (PA-2-AFC) procedure; however, it is yet unknown if the pretest articulation phase adds to the power of this testing method as with the warm-up. The goal of the study was to determine if a "warm-up" effect was displayed in the PA-2-AFC test resulting in greater power compared to the researcher-designated-2-AFC (RD-2-AFC) test. A RD-2-AFC test, with and without warm-up samples, and a PA-2-AFC test were performed by 61 panelists. A reduced calorie, citrus-flavored, and carbonated beverage was used in the tests. During RD-2-AFC testing, panelists were asked to identify which sample was more sour. For PA-2-AFC testing, panelists individually articulated the nature and direction of the difference between the 2 samples through a pretesting articulation procedure. The articulated difference was, then, used in standard 2-AFC test procedure. A warm-up effect was observed when comparing the standard RD-2-AFC with and without warm-up samples. The addition of warm up samples significantly increased the power of the test, in addition, the PA-2-AFC method had lower power than the RD-2-AFC method. The increase in power with the addition of warm-up samples for the RD-2-AFC procedure supports literature findings on the benefit of providing warm-up samples. No warm-up effect can be attributed to the PA-2-AFC method evidenced by the overall low power observed, which may be attributed to sample complexity. Selecting a specified discrimination testing method is advantageous and can reduce costs of sensory testing, but has been considered unpractical when samples may differ in unknown ways. This research explores the use of panelist derived terms to circumvent the need for researchers to identify these differences and compares the results to using research designated terms in discrimination testing. Results from this study can be utilized in creating ways to incorporate more powerful methods into sensory discrimination testing plans and provides researchers with a means for selecting terms for use in specified discrimination testing methods. © 2017 Institute of Food Technologists®.

  20. 21 CFR 26.66 - Designation and listing procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... subpart B of this part; (b) A party proposing to add a CAB to the list of such bodies in subpart B of this...) In the event that the other party contests on the basis of documented evidence the technical...

  1. Approach to the unfolding and folding dynamics of add A-riboswitch upon adenine dissociation using a coarse-grained elastic network model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Chunhua; Lv, Dashuai; Zhang, Lei; Yang, Feng; Wang, Cunxin; Su, Jiguo; Zhang, Yang

    2016-07-01

    Riboswitches are noncoding mRNA segments that can regulate the gene expression via altering their structures in response to specific metabolite binding. We proposed a coarse-grained Gaussian network model (GNM) to examine the unfolding and folding dynamics of adenosine deaminase (add) A-riboswitch upon the adenine dissociation, in which the RNA is modeled by a nucleotide chain with interaction networks formed by connecting adjoining atomic contacts. It was shown that the adenine binding is critical to the folding of the add A-riboswitch while the removal of the ligand can result in drastic increase of the thermodynamic fluctuations especially in the junction regions between helix domains. Under the assumption that the native contacts with the highest thermodynamic fluctuations break first, the iterative GNM simulations showed that the unfolding process of the adenine-free add A-riboswitch starts with the denature of the terminal helix stem, followed by the loops and junctions involving ligand binding pocket, and then the central helix domains. Despite the simplified coarse-grained modeling, the unfolding dynamics and pathways are shown in close agreement with the results from atomic-level MD simulations and the NMR and single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments. Overall, the study demonstrates a new avenue to investigate the binding and folding dynamics of add A-riboswitch molecule which can be readily extended for other RNA molecules.

  2. Do Responses to Different Anthropogenic Forcings Add Linearly in Climate Models?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Marvel, Kate; Schmidt, Gavin A.; Shindell, Drew; Bonfils, Celine; LeGrande, Allegra N.; Nazarenko, Larissa; Tsigaridis, Kostas

    2015-01-01

    Many detection and attribution and pattern scaling studies assume that the global climate response to multiple forcings is additive: that the response over the historical period is statistically indistinguishable from the sum of the responses to individual forcings. Here, we use the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model (CCSM) simulations from the CMIP5 archive to test this assumption for multi-year trends in global-average, annual-average temperature and precipitation at multiple timescales. We find that responses in models forced by pre-computed aerosol and ozone concentrations are generally additive across forcings; however, we demonstrate that there are significant nonlinearities in precipitation responses to di?erent forcings in a configuration of the GISS model that interactively computes these concentrations from precursor emissions. We attribute these to di?erences in ozone forcing arising from interactions between forcing agents. Our results suggest that attribution to specific forcings may be complicated in a model with fully interactive chemistry and may provide motivation for other modeling groups to conduct further single-forcing experiments.

  3. Do responses to different anthropogenic forcings add linearly in climate models?

    DOE PAGES

    Marvel, Kate; Schmidt, Gavin A.; Shindell, Drew; ...

    2015-10-14

    Many detection and attribution and pattern scaling studies assume that the global climate response to multiple forcings is additive: that the response over the historical period is statistically indistinguishable from the sum of the responses to individual forcings. Here, we use the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) simulations from the CMIP5 archive to test this assumption for multi-year trends in global-average, annual-average temperature and precipitation at multiple timescales. We find that responses in models forced by pre-computed aerosol and ozone concentrations are generally additive across forcings. However,more » we demonstrate that there are significant nonlinearities in precipitation responses to different forcings in a configuration of the GISS model that interactively computes these concentrations from precursor emissions. We attribute these to differences in ozone forcing arising from interactions between forcing agents. Lastly, our results suggest that attribution to specific forcings may be complicated in a model with fully interactive chemistry and may provide motivation for other modeling groups to conduct further single-forcing experiments.« less

  4. Australian Defence Force surgical support to peacekeeping operations in East Timor.

    PubMed

    Chambers, Anthony J; Crozier, John A

    2004-07-01

    The Australian Defence Force (ADF) has provided surgical support to peacekeeping operations in East Timor since September 1999. The aim of the present paper is to document the wide range of surgical procedures performed by the ADF in East Timor from September 1999 to December 2002 on peacekeeping force personnel and the civilian population. Records of all surgical procedures performed by the ADF in East Timor from their arrival in September 1999 to December 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Details of the type of procedures performed and anaesthetic administered, the age and sex of the patients and whether they were a member of peacekeeping forces or East Timorese civilian were recorded. There were 702 surgical procedures performed by the ADF in East Timor during this period, of which 401 (57%) were for peacekeeping force personnel and 301 (43%) were for East Timorese or other civilians. The most commonly performed procedures were for the management of non-battle wounds, accounting for 181 cases (26%). Battle-type wounds accounted for only 36 procedures (5%). Obstetric and gynaecology cases accounted for 30 procedures (4%). Fifty-six procedures (8%) were on children 12 years or younger. The wide range of surgical procedures performed by the ADF during peacekeeping operations in East Timor highlights the requirement for deployed surgeons to possess a broad range of clinical skills and has implications for their preparation and training. Battle-type wounds accounted for only a small proportion of procedures.

  5. [Adaptation of humans to walking in semi-hard and flexible space suits under terrestrial gravity].

    PubMed

    Panfilov, V E

    2011-01-01

    The spacesuit donning-on procedure can be viewed as the combining of two kinematic circuits into a single human-spacesuit functional system (HSS) for implementation of extravehicular operations. Optimal human-spacesuit interaction hinges on controllability and coordination of HSS mobile components, and also spacesuit slaving to the central nervous system (CNS) mediated through the human locomotion apparatus. Analysis of walking patterns in semi-hard and flexible spacesuits elucidated the direct and feedback relations between the external (spacesuit) and external (locomotion apparatus and CNS) circuits Lack of regularity in the style of spacesuit design creates difficulties for the direct CNS control of locomotion. Consequently, it is necessary to modify the locomotion command program in order to resolve these difficulties and to add flexibility to CNS control The analysis also helped trace algorithm of program modifications with the ultimate result of induced (forced) walk optimization. Learning how to walk in spacesuit Berkut requires no more than 2500 single steps, whereas about 300 steps must be made to master walk skills in spacesuit SKV.

  6. Improvements to Air Force Strategic Basing Decisions

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-01-01

    Fort Lee, VA 10,200 4,600 14,800 138,000 Fort Lewis, WA 13,500 17,400 30,900 3,422,000 Fort Meade , MD 7,000 4,200 11,200 2,512,000 Fort Sam...Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Fort Meade , and the Bethesda National Naval Medical Center were scheduled to add over 12,000 personnel in total. The state of...Influences on Air Force Basing Decisions According to Edward Mead Earle, “Strategy is the art of controlling and utilizing the resources of a nation—or a

  7. Missiles for Asia The Need for Operational Analysis of U.S. Theater Ballistic Missiles in the Pacific

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-01-01

    C O R P O R A T I O N Missiles for Asia? The Need for Operational Analysis of U.S. Theater Ballistic Missiles in the Pacific Jacob L. Heim • The...durability of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is in doubt. • China’s rapid military modernization could threaten U.S. forces. • Theater ...conventional land-based theater ballistic missiles (TBMs) could add to the U.S. portfolio of strike capabilities. In particular, the U.S. Army should ana- lyze

  8. U.S. Air Force Environmental Assessment, Add To and Alter Type III Hydrant Fueling System, Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-01

    burning of fossil fuels (e.g., oil , natural gas , coal), solid waste decay, and trees and wood products and also as a result of chemical reactions...to negative GHG effects. Methane. CH4 is a GHG that is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas , and oil . Methane...the pump station (Facility 486); Control Room (Facility 487); and the oil -water separator (Facility 488). • Construction of a new Type III pump house

  9. You Sank My... Bacteriophage?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bokor, Julie

    2012-01-01

    Practicing correct pipetting procedure doesn't have to be boring. "Pipetting by Coordinates" is an effective way to teach necessary pipetting skills in an enjoyable manner. Students create designs as they add volumes of colored water to specific wells and gain experience using a basic biotechnology tool.

  10. 77 FR 24996 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-26

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with the filing. DATES: Comments are due... supporting information to add First-Class Package Service Contract 1 to the Competitive Product List.\\1\\ The...

  11. In Search of Housing: Urban Families in Rural Contexts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawson Clark, Sherri

    2012-01-01

    Researchers have been following a trend posited by the renowned anthropologist Janet Fitchen, which examines the increasing movement of low-income people to rural communities drawn not necessarily by labor market forces, but by the characteristics and amenities found in rural towns. This study adds to that literature by focusing on the ways in…

  12. Improving Career Exploration Using Psychometric Technology.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wegner, Kenneth W.

    In most interest inventories, a single stimulus item is presented and the respondent indicates a preference in terms of degree of like, dislike, or indifference. This approach provides normative scales with scores that may be compared with various group distributions. The forced choice of options adds to the score on the scale for option selected…

  13. Enterprise Requirements and Acquisition Model (ERAM) Analysis and Extension

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-02-20

    add them to the ERAM simulation. References . Arena, M. V., Obaid, Y., Galway L. A., Fox, B., Graser, J. C., Sollinger, J. M., Wu, F., & Wong, C... Galway L. A., Fox, B., Graser, J. C., Sollinger, J. M., Wu, F., & Wong, C. (2006). Impossible certainty: Cost risk analysis for air force systems (MG-415

  14. Influence of Casimir-Lifshitz forces on actuation dynamics of MEMS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Broer, Wijnand; Palasantzas, George; Knoester, Jasper; Svetovoy, Vitaly

    2013-03-01

    Electromagnetic fluctuations generate forces between neutral bodies known as Casimir-Lifshitz forces, of which van der Waals forces are special cases, and which can become important in micromechanical systems (MEMS). For surface areas big enough but gaps small enough, the Casimir force can possibly draw and lock MEMS components together, an effect called stiction, causing device malfunction. Alternatively, stiction can also be exploited to add new functionalities to MEMS architecture. Here, using as inputs the measured frequency dependent dielectric response and surface roughness statistics from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images, we perform the first realistic calculation of MEMS actuation. For our analysis the Casimir force is combined with the electrostatic force between rough surfaces to counterbalance the elastic restoring force. It is found that, even though surface roughness has an adverse effect on the availability of (stable) equilibria, it ensures that those stable equilibria can be reached more easily than in the case of flat surfaces. Hence our results can have significant implications on how to design MEM surfaces. The author would like this abstract to appear in a Casimir related session.

  15. Interaction of post-stroke voluntary effort and functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation

    PubMed Central

    Makowski, Nathaniel; Knutson, Jayme; Chae, John; Crago, Patrick

    2012-01-01

    Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) may be able to augment functional arm and hand movement after stroke. Post-stroke neuroprostheses that incorporate voluntary effort and FES to produce the desired movement need to consider how the forces generated by voluntary effort and FES combine together, even in the same muscle, in order to provide an appropriate level of stimulation to elicit the desired assistive force. The goal of this study was to determine if the force produced by voluntary effort and FES add together independently of effort, or if the increment in force is dependent on the level of voluntary effort. Isometric force matching tasks were performed under different combinations of voluntary effort and electrical stimulation. Participants reached a steady level of force and while attempting to maintain a constant effort level, FES was applied to augment the force. Results indicate that the increment in force produced by FES decreases as the level of initial voluntary effort increases. Potential mechanisms causing the change in force output are proposed, but the relative contribution of each mechanism is unknown. PMID:23516086

  16. Materials For Second and Third Order Nonlinear Optical Applications.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1996-02-05

    the ,Ieneral reaction scheme below in Fig. 1 is reminiscent of the synthetic method of Jutz, using Grignard reagents which were treated with N-methyl...N- phenylpropen-l-al (1[1]) or its higher vinylog, 1[2] in yields of 5-95%. In our procedure, we used a wide variety of organolithium reagents ...be synthesized from a facile high yield procedure for bromination of julolidine. Here we demonstrated that organolithium reagents add to known co-N,N

  17. 49 CFR 40.401 - How does the Department notify employers and the public about a PIE?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION WORKPLACE DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS Public Interest Exclusions § 40.401.... (b) When the Director issues a PIE, he or she adds to the List the name and address of the service...

  18. A Step Circuit Program.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Herman, Susan

    1995-01-01

    Aerobics instructors can use step aerobics to motivate students. One creative method is to add the step to the circuit workout. By incorporating the step, aerobic instructors can accommodate various fitness levels. The article explains necessary equipment and procedures, describing sample stations for cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength,…

  19. Treating ADHD with Hypnosis and Neurotherapy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barabasz, Arreed; Barabasz, Marianne

    Traditional diagnosis procedures for Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may lead to over-diagnosis and are fraught with complications because the target behavioral symptoms are found in a variety of other disorders. Traditional treatments consisting of powerful side effect laden psychostimulant drugs…

  20. 32 CFR 806.28 - Records with special disclosure procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ....28 Section 806.28 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 806.28 Records with special disclosure procedures..., Industrial Security Program Management. (e) AFI 36-2603, Air Force Board for Correction of Military Records...

  1. 32 CFR 806.28 - Records with special disclosure procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....28 Section 806.28 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 806.28 Records with special disclosure procedures..., Industrial Security Program Management. (e) AFI 36-2603, Air Force Board for Correction of Military Records...

  2. 32 CFR 806.28 - Records with special disclosure procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....28 Section 806.28 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 806.28 Records with special disclosure procedures..., Industrial Security Program Management. (e) AFI 36-2603, Air Force Board for Correction of Military Records...

  3. Experimental calibration procedures for rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters

    DOE PAGES

    Hvasta, M. G.; Slighton, N. T.; Kolemen, E.; ...

    2017-07-14

    Rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters are a novel and useful technology with a range of applications in a variety of different industries. However, calibrating these flowmeters can be challenging, time-consuming, and expensive. In this paper, simple calibration procedures for rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters are presented. These procedures eliminate the need for expensive equipment, numerical modeling, redundant flowmeters, and system down-time. Finally, the calibration processes are explained in a step-by-step manner and compared to experimental results.

  4. Experimental calibration procedures for rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hvasta, M. G.; Slighton, N. T.; Kolemen, E.

    Rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters are a novel and useful technology with a range of applications in a variety of different industries. However, calibrating these flowmeters can be challenging, time-consuming, and expensive. In this paper, simple calibration procedures for rotating Lorentz-force flowmeters are presented. These procedures eliminate the need for expensive equipment, numerical modeling, redundant flowmeters, and system down-time. Finally, the calibration processes are explained in a step-by-step manner and compared to experimental results.

  5. Employees.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Biggs, Thomas S., Jr.

    In 1979 judicial activity continued to add to the body of law available relative to relationships between universities and colleges and their employees. Cases touched on the nature of the contract when an offer of employment has been made and accepted, benefits and working conditions, and termination and the procedural safeguards involved.…

  6. 42 CFR 81.12 - Procedure to update NIOSH-IREP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... HEALTH RESEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING PROBABILITY OF CAUSATION UNDER THE... periodically revise NIOSH-IREP to add, modify, or replace cancer risk models, improve the modeling of... using NIOSH-IREP, including the addition of new cancer risk models) to the Advisory Board on Radiation...

  7. 42 CFR 81.12 - Procedure to update NIOSH-IREP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... HEALTH RESEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING PROBABILITY OF CAUSATION UNDER THE... periodically revise NIOSH-IREP to add, modify, or replace cancer risk models, improve the modeling of... using NIOSH-IREP, including the addition of new cancer risk models) to the Advisory Board on Radiation...

  8. 42 CFR 81.12 - Procedure to update NIOSH-IREP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... HEALTH RESEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING PROBABILITY OF CAUSATION UNDER THE... periodically revise NIOSH-IREP to add, modify, or replace cancer risk models, improve the modeling of... using NIOSH-IREP, including the addition of new cancer risk models) to the Advisory Board on Radiation...

  9. 42 CFR 81.12 - Procedure to update NIOSH-IREP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... HEALTH RESEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING PROBABILITY OF CAUSATION UNDER THE... periodically revise NIOSH-IREP to add, modify, or replace cancer risk models, improve the modeling of... using NIOSH-IREP, including the addition of new cancer risk models) to the Advisory Board on Radiation...

  10. Environmentally friendly and cost-efficient analysis of aflatoxins in corn

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The extraction procedure adds a significant cost to the overall expense of aflatoxin analysis in agricultural commodities. An inexpensive and low-waste extraction method using a household espresso coffee maker was tested. This appliance was used for the high-temperature /high-pressure extraction of ...

  11. Thinking about Accreditation in a Rapidly Changing World

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    LeBlanc, Paul J.

    2013-01-01

    This article reports on an enormous change under way in higher education. The author notes that online learning has provided a platform for rethinking delivery models, yet much of accreditation is not designed to account for these new approaches. He adds that accreditors now wrestle with all of these various forces across a broad landscape of…

  12. Doctorate Holders outside the Academy in Finland: Academic Engagement and Industry-Specific Competence

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Haapakorpi, Arja

    2017-01-01

    In Finland, doctoral employment outside the academy has been increasing. Universities can no longer absorb the numbers in the doctoral labour force and research and development (R&D) policy emphasises the need for specialised research capacity in non-academic sectors; the highest academic degree is assumed to add value. However, the transition…

  13. Religious Conservatism and Women's Market Behavior Following Marriage and Childbirth

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Glass, Jennifer; Nath, Leda E.

    2006-01-01

    This study explores the effect of religious conservatism on the labor force behavior of women who marry or add a new child to their household, using the 1988-1993 National Survey of Families and Households (N = 3,494). We model changes in labor supply, occupation, and wages as a function of either conservative denominational membership or…

  14. Global Skills and Mobility Challenges and Possibilities for VET: A Crossborder Cross-Sectoral Case Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cameron, Roslyn; O'Hanlon-Rose, Terry

    2011-01-01

    The complex interplay of technological advances, global demographic trends and macroeconomic forces has seen the emergence of global markets, economies, supply chains and labour markets. The use of skilled migration policy and initiatives for many countries feeling the effects of aging populations and skill shortages adds another dimension to this…

  15. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Li, Chunhua; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 45108; Lv, Dashuai

    Riboswitches are noncoding mRNA segments that can regulate the gene expression via altering their structures in response to specific metabolite binding. We proposed a coarse-grained Gaussian network model (GNM) to examine the unfolding and folding dynamics of adenosine deaminase (add) A-riboswitch upon the adenine dissociation, in which the RNA is modeled by a nucleotide chain with interaction networks formed by connecting adjoining atomic contacts. It was shown that the adenine binding is critical to the folding of the add A-riboswitch while the removal of the ligand can result in drastic increase of the thermodynamic fluctuations especially in the junction regionsmore » between helix domains. Under the assumption that the native contacts with the highest thermodynamic fluctuations break first, the iterative GNM simulations showed that the unfolding process of the adenine-free add A-riboswitch starts with the denature of the terminal helix stem, followed by the loops and junctions involving ligand binding pocket, and then the central helix domains. Despite the simplified coarse-grained modeling, the unfolding dynamics and pathways are shown in close agreement with the results from atomic-level MD simulations and the NMR and single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments. Overall, the study demonstrates a new avenue to investigate the binding and folding dynamics of add A-riboswitch molecule which can be readily extended for other RNA molecules.« less

  16. APEX 3: a multi-purpose test platform for auditory psychophysical experiments.

    PubMed

    Francart, Tom; van Wieringen, Astrid; Wouters, Jan

    2008-07-30

    APEX 3 is a software test platform for auditory behavioral experiments. It provides a generic means of setting up experiments without any programming. The supported output devices include sound cards and cochlear implants from Cochlear Corporation and Advanced Bionics Corporation. Many psychophysical procedures are provided and there is an interface to add custom procedures. Plug-in interfaces are provided for data filters and external controllers. APEX 3 is supported under Linux and Windows and is available free of charge.

  17. A Novel Approach for Enhancement of Automobile Clutch Engagement Quality Using Mechatronics Based Automated Clutch System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tripathi, K.

    2013-01-01

    In automated manual clutch (AMC) a mechatronic system controls clutch force trajectory through an actuator governed by a control system. The present study identifies relevant characteristics of this trajectory and their effects on driveline dynamics and engagement quality. A new type of force trajectory is identified which gives the good engagement quality. However this trajectory is not achievable through conventional clutch control mechanism. But in AMC a mechatronic system based on electro-hydraulic or electro-mechanical elements can make it feasible. A mechatronic system is presented in which a mechatronic add-on system can be used to implement the novel force trajectory, without the requirement of replacing the traditional diaphragm spring based clutch in a vehicle with manual transmission.

  18. [Preparation procedures of anti-complementary polysaccharides from Houttuynia cordata].

    PubMed

    Zhang, Juanjuan; Lu, Yan; Chen, Daofeng

    2012-07-01

    To establish and optimize the preparation procedures of the anti-complementary polysaccharides from Houttuynia cordata. Based on the yield and anti-complementary activity in vitro, the conditions of extraction and alcohol precipitating process were optimized by orthogonal tests. The optimal condition of deproteinization was determined according to the results of protein removed and polysaccharide maintained. The best decoloring method was also optimized by orthogonal experimental design. The optimized preparation procedures were given as follows: extract the coarse powder 3 times with 50 times volume of water at 90 degrees C for 2 hours every time, combine the extracts and concentrate appropriately, equivalent to 0.12 g of H. cordata per milliliter. Add 4 times volume of 90% ethanol to the extract, allow to stand for 24 hours to precipitate totally, filter and the precipitate was successfully washed with anhydrous alcohol, acetone and anhydrous ether. Resolve the residue with water, add trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a concentration of 20% to remove protein. Decoloration was at a concentration of 3% with activated carbon at pH 3.0, 50 degrees C for 50 min. The above procedures above were tested 3 times, resulting in the average yield of polysaccharides at 4.03% (RSD 0.96%), the average concentrations of polysaccharides and protein at 80.97% (RSD 1.5%) and 2.02% (RSD 2.3%), and average CH50 at 0.079 g x L-(-1) (RSD 3.6%). The established and optimized procedures are repeatable and reliable to prepare the anti-complementary polysaccharides with high quality and activity from H. cordata.

  19. Detecting stages of needle penetration into tissues through force estimation at needle tip using fiber Bragg grating sensors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kumar, Saurabh; Shrikanth, Venkoba; Amrutur, Bharadwaj; Asokan, Sundarrajan; Bobji, Musuvathi S.

    2016-12-01

    Several medical procedures involve the use of needles. The advent of robotic and robot assisted procedures requires dynamic estimation of the needle tip location during insertion for use in both assistive systems as well as for automatic control. Most prior studies have focused on the maneuvering of solid flexible needles using external force measurements at the base of the needle holder. However, hollow needles are used in several procedures and measurements of forces in proximity of such needles can eliminate the need for estimating frictional forces that have high variations. These measurements are also significant for endoscopic procedures in which measurement of forces at the needle holder base is difficult. Fiber Bragg grating sensors, due to their small size, inert nature, and multiplexing capability, provide a good option for this purpose. Force measurements have been undertaken during needle insertion into tissue mimicking phantoms made of polydimethylsiloxane as well as chicken tissue using an 18-G needle instrumented with FBG sensors. The results obtained show that it is possible to estimate the different stages of needle penetration including partial rupture, which is significant for procedures in which precise estimation of needle tip position inside the organ or tissue is required.

  20. Cleaning procedure for improved photothermal background of toroidal optical microresonators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Horak, Erik H.; Knapper, Kassandra A.; Heylman, Kevin D.; Goldsmith, Randall H.

    2016-09-01

    High Q-factors and small mode volumes have made toroidal optical microresonators exquisite sensors to small shifts in the effective refractive index of the WGM modes. Eliminating contaminants and improving quality factors is key for many different sensing techniques, and is particularly important for photothermal imaging as contaminants add photothermal background obscuring objects of interest. Several different cleaning procedures including wet- and dry-chemical procedures are tested for their effect on Q-factors and photothermal background. RCA cleaning was shown to be successful in contrast to previously described acid cleaning procedures, most likely due to the different surface reactivity of the acid reagents used. UV-ozone cleaning was shown to be vastly superior to O2 plasma cleaning procedures, significantly reducing the photothermal background of the resonator.

  1. Scapular Stabilization and Muscle Strength in Manual Wheelchair Users with Spinal Cord Injury and Subacromial Impingement.

    PubMed

    Wilbanks, Susan R; Bickel, C Scott

    2016-01-01

    Background: Manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) are frequently diagnosed with subacromial impingement. Objective: To determine whether the pattern of muscle imbalance and impaired scapular stabilization in able-bodied (AB) adults with impingement is different from that in manual wheelchair users with SCI and impingement. Methods: The following measurements were collected from 22 adults with subacromial impingement (11 SCI, 11 AB): ratio of normalized muscle electrical activity of upper and lower trapezius (UT:LT) during arm abduction; force during abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and push and pull; ratios of force for abduction to adduction (AB:ADD), internal to external rotation (IR:ER), and push to pull (PUSH:PULL). Results: Shoulders with impingement had significantly higher UT:LT activation (1.46 ± 0.52) than shoulders without impingement (0.93 ± 0.45) ( P = .006), regardless of wheelchair user status. Significant differences between AB participants and those with SCI were observed for ABD:ADD ( P = .005), PUSH:PULL ( P = .012), and pull strength ( P = .043). Participants with SCI had a significantly greater ABD:ADD (1.37 ± 0.36) than AB participants (1.04 ± 0.22) ( P = .002) and a significantly greater PUSH:PULL (1.53 ± 0.36) than AB participants (1.26 ± 0.18) ( P = .005) because of decreased strength in adduction ( P = .021) and pull ( P = .013). Conclusions: Strategies targeting the posterior shoulder girdle for AB adults are appropriate for manual wheelchair users with SCI and impingement and should focus on scapular retractors and arm adductors with emphasis on scapular depression and posterior tilting.

  2. 32 CFR 316.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 316.4 Definitions. Add to the definitions contained in 32 CFR 310.6 the following: System Manager: The DISA official who is responsible for policies and procedures governing a DISA System of Record. His title and duty address will be found in the paragraph...

  3. 76 FR 68385 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Albuquerque/Bernalillo County...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-04

    ... NMAC) addition of in subsections methodology for (A) and (B). fugitive dust control permits, revised... fee Fee Calculations and requirements for Procedures. fugitive dust control permits. 9/7/2004 Section... schedule based on acreage, add and update calculation methodology used to calculate non- programmatic dust...

  4. 24 CFR 3282.8 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... to be carried out in the manufacturing plants. (2) Procedures by which a manufacturer obtains... towable by a light duty truck; and (4) Designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as... to these regulations. However, the addition of the add-on must not affect the ability of the basic...

  5. 24 CFR 3282.8 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... to be carried out in the manufacturing plants. (2) Procedures by which a manufacturer obtains... towable by a light duty truck; and (4) Designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as... to these regulations. However, the addition of the add-on must not affect the ability of the basic...

  6. 24 CFR 3282.8 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... to be carried out in the manufacturing plants. (2) Procedures by which a manufacturer obtains... towable by a light duty truck; and (4) Designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as... to these regulations. However, the addition of the add-on must not affect the ability of the basic...

  7. 24 CFR 3282.8 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... to be carried out in the manufacturing plants. (2) Procedures by which a manufacturer obtains... permanently towable by a light duty truck; and (4) Designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but... affect the ability of the basic manufactured home to comply with the standards. If the addition of an add...

  8. 46 CFR 153.1602 - Test procedure for determining the strippinq quantity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... piping system on the ship's side of the cargo transfer manifold valve into containers, and add this water... BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS... ship shall proceed as follows: (1) Make arrangements with the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, for...

  9. 46 CFR 153.1602 - Test procedure for determining the strippinq quantity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... piping system on the ship's side of the cargo transfer manifold valve into containers, and add this water... BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS... ship shall proceed as follows: (1) Make arrangements with the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, for...

  10. 46 CFR 153.1602 - Test procedure for determining the stripping quantity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... piping system on the ship's side of the cargo transfer manifold valve into containers, and add this water... BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS... ship shall proceed as follows: (1) Make arrangements with the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, for...

  11. 46 CFR 153.1602 - Test procedure for determining the strippinq quantity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... piping system on the ship's side of the cargo transfer manifold valve into containers, and add this water... BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS... ship shall proceed as follows: (1) Make arrangements with the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, for...

  12. 46 CFR 153.1602 - Test procedure for determining the strippinq quantity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... piping system on the ship's side of the cargo transfer manifold valve into containers, and add this water... BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS... ship shall proceed as follows: (1) Make arrangements with the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, for...

  13. Thermal and flame retardant behaviors of cotton fiber treated with phosphoramidate derivatives

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    In this research, two phosphoramidate derivatives EHP Diethyl 3-hydroxypropylphos phoramidate and MHP Dimethyl 3-hydroxypropylphos phoramidate were prepared in very high yield and purity by one step procedure and the cotton fabrics treated with them at different levels of add-on (5 - 20 wt %) were c...

  14. Designing Knowledge Scaffolds to Support Mathematical Problem Solving

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Koedinger, Kenneth R.

    2005-01-01

    We present a methodology for designing better learning environments. In Phase 1, 6th-grade students' (n = 223) prior knowledge was assessed using a difficulty factors assessment (DFA). The assessment revealed that scaffolds designed to elicit contextual, conceptual, or procedural knowledge each improved students' ability to add and subtract…

  15. In vivo biomechanical measurement and haptic simulation of portal placement procedure in shoulder arthroscopic surgery

    PubMed Central

    Chae, Sanghoon; Jung, Sung-Weon

    2018-01-01

    A survey of 67 experienced orthopedic surgeons indicated that precise portal placement was the most important skill in arthroscopic surgery. However, none of the currently available virtual reality simulators include simulation / training in portal placement, including haptic feedback of the necessary puncture force. This study aimed to: (1) measure the in vivo force and stiffness during a portal placement procedure in an actual operating room and (2) implement active haptic simulation of a portal placement procedure using the measured in vivo data. We measured the force required for port placement and the stiffness of the joint capsule during portal placement procedures performed by an experienced arthroscopic surgeon. Based on the acquired mechanical property values, we developed a cable-driven active haptic simulator designed to train the portal placement skill and evaluated the validity of the simulated haptics. Ten patients diagnosed with rotator cuff tears were enrolled in this experiment. The maximum peak force and joint capsule stiffness during posterior portal placement procedures were 66.46 (±10.76N) and 2560.82(±252.92) N/m, respectively. We then designed an active haptic simulator using the acquired data. Our cable-driven mechanism structure had a friction force of 3.763 ± 0.341 N, less than 6% of the mean puncture force. Simulator performance was evaluated by comparing the target stiffness and force with the stiffness and force reproduced by the device. R-squared values were 0.998 for puncture force replication and 0.902 for stiffness replication, indicating that the in vivo data can be used to implement a realistic haptic simulator. PMID:29494691

  16. Developing a Low-Cost Force Treadmill via Dynamic Modeling.

    PubMed

    Hong, Chih-Yuan; Guo, Lan-Yuen; Song, Rong; Nagurka, Mark L; Sung, Jia-Li; Yen, Chen-Wen

    2017-01-01

    By incorporating force transducers into treadmills, force platform-instrumented treadmills (commonly called force treadmills) can collect large amounts of gait data and enable the ground reaction force (GRF) to be calculated. However, the high cost of force treadmills has limited their adoption. This paper proposes a low-cost force treadmill system with force sensors installed underneath a standard exercise treadmill. It identifies and compensates for the force transmission dynamics from the actual GRF applied on the treadmill track surface to the force transmitted to the force sensors underneath the treadmill body. This study also proposes a testing procedure to assess the GRF measurement accuracy of force treadmills. Using this procedure in estimating the GRF of "walk-on-the-spot motion," it was found that the total harmonic distortion of the tested force treadmill system was about 1.69%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.

  17. Nencki Genomics Database--Ensembl funcgen enhanced with intersections, user data and genome-wide TFBS motifs.

    PubMed

    Krystkowiak, Izabella; Lenart, Jakub; Debski, Konrad; Kuterba, Piotr; Petas, Michal; Kaminska, Bozena; Dabrowski, Michal

    2013-01-01

    We present the Nencki Genomics Database, which extends the functionality of Ensembl Regulatory Build (funcgen) for the three species: human, mouse and rat. The key enhancements over Ensembl funcgen include the following: (i) a user can add private data, analyze them alongside the public data and manage access rights; (ii) inside the database, we provide efficient procedures for computing intersections between regulatory features and for mapping them to the genes. To Ensembl funcgen-derived data, which include data from ENCODE, we add information on conserved non-coding (putative regulatory) sequences, and on genome-wide occurrence of transcription factor binding site motifs from the current versions of two major motif libraries, namely, Jaspar and Transfac. The intersections and mapping to the genes are pre-computed for the public data, and the result of any procedure run on the data added by the users is stored back into the database, thus incrementally increasing the body of pre-computed data. As the Ensembl funcgen schema for the rat is currently not populated, our database is the first database of regulatory features for this frequently used laboratory animal. The database is accessible without registration using the mysql client: mysql -h database.nencki-genomics.org -u public. Registration is required only to add or access private data. A WSDL webservice provides access to the database from any SOAP client, including the Taverna Workbench with a graphical user interface.

  18. Nencki Genomics Database—Ensembl funcgen enhanced with intersections, user data and genome-wide TFBS motifs

    PubMed Central

    Krystkowiak, Izabella; Lenart, Jakub; Debski, Konrad; Kuterba, Piotr; Petas, Michal; Kaminska, Bozena; Dabrowski, Michal

    2013-01-01

    We present the Nencki Genomics Database, which extends the functionality of Ensembl Regulatory Build (funcgen) for the three species: human, mouse and rat. The key enhancements over Ensembl funcgen include the following: (i) a user can add private data, analyze them alongside the public data and manage access rights; (ii) inside the database, we provide efficient procedures for computing intersections between regulatory features and for mapping them to the genes. To Ensembl funcgen-derived data, which include data from ENCODE, we add information on conserved non-coding (putative regulatory) sequences, and on genome-wide occurrence of transcription factor binding site motifs from the current versions of two major motif libraries, namely, Jaspar and Transfac. The intersections and mapping to the genes are pre-computed for the public data, and the result of any procedure run on the data added by the users is stored back into the database, thus incrementally increasing the body of pre-computed data. As the Ensembl funcgen schema for the rat is currently not populated, our database is the first database of regulatory features for this frequently used laboratory animal. The database is accessible without registration using the mysql client: mysql –h database.nencki-genomics.org –u public. Registration is required only to add or access private data. A WSDL webservice provides access to the database from any SOAP client, including the Taverna Workbench with a graphical user interface. Database URL: http://www.nencki-genomics.org. PMID:24089456

  19. Understanding Soviet Foreign Policy. The Tradition of Change in Soviet Foreign Policy. Two Schools of Soviet Diplomacy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-04-01

    the works of Victor Hugo, :he Russian classics, and the works of other writers. Isaac Deutscher, Stalin: A Political Biography, New York, Oxford... panache and the scope of the gesture further rein- force the Soviet leader’s ascension and his auctoritas. It vastly adds to the feeling of confidence which

  20. Democracy's Half-Told Story. What American History Textbooks Should Add.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gagnon, Paul

    The first purpose of a high school course in U.S. history must be to help students understand the essence of democracy and those events, institutions, and forces that have either promoted or obstructed it. This review examines five textbooks and analyzes how useful they are in aiding that process, and how they might be made more helpful. The five…

  1. Pre-Service Physics Teachers' Content Knowledge of Electric and Magnetic Field Concepts: Conceptual Facets and Their Balance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nousiainen, Maija; Koponen, Ismo T.

    2017-01-01

    The concepts of electricity and magnetism in physics are complex and demanding to learn because their meaning builds through several different phenomenological areas. Each of the phenomenological areas adds a certain facet of the meaning of the concept. All standard physics textbooks discuss at least 1) force, 2) energy and work, and 3) electric…

  2. Identifying Barriers to Self-Employment: The Development and Validation of the Barriers to Entrepreneurship Success Tool

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hatala, John-Paul

    2005-01-01

    The present study sought to add to our knowledge about forces that negatively affect an individual's decision to start a business by identifying barriers they encounter. By identifying barriers to starting a business, we stand to learn much about how an individual identifies, confronts, and responds to decisions which may seem to be beyond their…

  3. THE EFFECT OF WATER CHEMISTRY AND IRON PARTICLE PROPERTIES ON THE REMOVAL OF ARSENIC FOLLOWING THE OXIDATION OF FERROUS IRON

    EPA Science Inventory

    The current MCL for arsenic is being revised to a lower level by the USEPA. Many new utilities, particularly small utilities, will be forced to add an arsenic removal process or fine tune their curent water treatment process to meet the new MCL. Many arsenic removal processes rel...

  4. Exploring Taiwanese Preservice Teachers' Identity Construction in the Context of Service-Learning: Conflict and Development

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tseng, Ming-i Lydia

    2017-01-01

    Language teacher identity (LTI) has gained prominence in second language education in the recent two decades, particularly the complexity of identity construction in the changing context shaped by local and global forces. This study adds to recent work on LTI by exploring how Asian teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) constructed their…

  5. Hot Jobs for the 21st Century. Facts on Working Women.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Women's Bureau (DOL), Washington, DC.

    Between 1998-2008, women's participation in the labor force is expected to increase by 15 percent and men's, by 10 percent. Two views of growth occupations are those with the largest job growth and those with the fastest growth. Employment in professional specialty occupations will increase the fastest and add the most jobs. Much of this growth is…

  6. How social learning adds up to a culture: from birdsong to human public opinion

    PubMed Central

    Feher, Olga; Fimiarz, Daniel; Conley, Dalton

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Distributed social learning may occur at many temporal and spatial scales, but it rarely adds up to a stable culture. Cultures vary in stability and diversity (polymorphism), ranging from chaotic or drifting cultures, through cumulative polymorphic cultures, to stable monolithic cultures with high conformity levels. What features can sustain polymorphism, preventing cultures from collapsing into either chaotic or highly conforming states? We investigate this question by integrating studies across two quite separate disciplines: the emergence of song cultures in birds, and the spread of public opinion and social conventions in humans. In songbirds, the learning process has been studied in great detail, while in human studies the structure of social networks has been experimentally manipulated on large scales. In both cases, the manner in which communication signals are compressed and filtered – either during learning or while traveling through the social network – can affect culture polymorphism and stability. We suggest a simple mechanism of a shifting balance between converging and diverging social forces to explain these effects. Understanding social forces that shape cultural evolution might be useful for designing agile communication systems, which are stable and polymorphic enough to promote gradual changes in institutional behavior. PMID:28057835

  7. 3D force/torque characterization of emergency cricothyroidotomy procedure using an instrumented scalpel.

    PubMed

    Ryason, Adam; Sankaranarayanan, Ganesh; Butler, Kathryn L; DeMoya, Marc; De, Suvranu

    2016-08-01

    Emergency Cricothyroidotomy (CCT) is a surgical procedure performed to secure a patient's airway. This high-stakes, but seldom-performed procedure is an ideal candidate for a virtual reality simulator to enhance physician training. For the first time, this study characterizes the force/torque characteristics of the cricothyroidotomy procedure, to guide development of a virtual reality CCT simulator for use in medical training. We analyze the upper force and torque thresholds experienced at the human-scalpel interface. We then group individual surgical cuts based on style of cut and cut medium and perform a regression analysis to create two models that allow us to predict the style of cut performed and the cut medium.

  8. a Contemporary Approach for Evaluation of the best Measurement Capability of a Force Calibration Machine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kumar, Harish

    The present paper discusses the procedure for evaluation of best measurement capability of a force calibration machine. The best measurement capability of force calibration machine is evaluated by a comparison through the precision force transfer standards to the force standard machines. The force transfer standards are calibrated by the force standard machine and then by the force calibration machine by adopting the similar procedure. The results are reported and discussed in the paper and suitable discussion has been made for force calibration machine of 200 kN capacity. Different force transfer standards of nominal capacity 20 kN, 50 kN and 200 kN are used. It is found that there are significant variations in the .uncertainty of force realization by the force calibration machine according to the proposed method in comparison to the earlier method adopted.

  9. Spatial adaptation procedures on tetrahedral meshes for unsteady aerodynamic flow calculations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rausch, Russ D.; Batina, John T.; Yang, Henry T. Y.

    1993-01-01

    Spatial adaptation procedures for the accurate and efficient solution of steady and unsteady inviscid flow problems are described. The adaptation procedures were developed and implemented within a three-dimensional, unstructured-grid, upwind-type Euler code. These procedures involve mesh enrichment and mesh coarsening to either add points in high gradient regions of the flow or remove points where they are not needed, respectively, to produce solutions of high spatial accuracy at minimal computational cost. A detailed description of the enrichment and coarsening procedures are presented and comparisons with experimental data for an ONERA M6 wing and an exact solution for a shock-tube problem are presented to provide an assessment of the accuracy and efficiency of the capability. Steady and unsteady results, obtained using spatial adaptation procedures, are shown to be of high spatial accuracy, primarily in that discontinuities such as shock waves are captured very sharply.

  10. Spatial adaptation procedures on tetrahedral meshes for unsteady aerodynamic flow calculations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rausch, Russ D.; Batina, John T.; Yang, Henry T. Y.

    1993-01-01

    Spatial adaptation procedures for the accurate and efficient solution of steady and unsteady inviscid flow problems are described. The adaptation procedures were developed and implemented within a three-dimensional, unstructured-grid, upwind-type Euler code. These procedures involve mesh enrichment and mesh coarsening to either add points in high gradient regions of the flow or remove points where they are not needed, respectively, to produce solutions of high spatial accuracy at minimal computational cost. The paper gives a detailed description of the enrichment and coarsening procedures and presents comparisons with experimental data for an ONERA M6 wing and an exact solution for a shock-tube problem to provide an assessment of the accuracy and efficiency of the capability. Steady and unsteady results, obtained using spatial adaptation procedures, are shown to be of high spatial accuracy, primarily in that discontinuities such as shock waves are captured very sharply.

  11. The interaction of criminal procedure and outcome.

    PubMed

    Laxminarayan, Malini; Pemberton, Antony

    2014-01-01

    Procedural quality is an important aspect of crime victims' experiences in criminal proceedings and consists of different dimensions. Two of these dimensions are procedural justice (voice) and interpersonal justice (respectful treatment). Social psychological research has suggested that both voice and respectful treatment are moderated by the impact of outcomes of justice procedures on individuals' reactions. To add to this research, we extend this assertion to the criminal justice context, examining the interaction between the assessment of procedural quality and outcome favorability with victim's trust in the legal system and self-esteem. Hierarchical regression analyses reveal that voice, respectful treatment and outcome favorability are predictive of trust in the legal system and self-esteem. Further investigation reveals that being treated with respect is only related to trust in the legal system when outcome favorability is high. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. 48 CFR 32.205 - Procedures for offeror-proposed commercial contract financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... those financing payments and add it to the proposed price to determine the evaluated price for each... must calculate the time value of proposal-specified contract financing arrangements using as the.... Appendix C is updated yearly, and is available from the Office of Economic Policy in the Office of...

  13. 48 CFR 32.205 - Procedures for offeror-proposed commercial contract financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... those financing payments and add it to the proposed price to determine the evaluated price for each... must calculate the time value of proposal-specified contract financing arrangements using as the.... Appendix C is updated yearly, and is available from the Office of Economic Policy in the Office of...

  14. 48 CFR 32.205 - Procedures for offeror-proposed commercial contract financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... those financing payments and add it to the proposed price to determine the evaluated price for each... must calculate the time value of proposal-specified contract financing arrangements using as the.... Appendix C is updated yearly, and is available from the Office of Economic Policy in the Office of...

  15. 48 CFR 32.205 - Procedures for offeror-proposed commercial contract financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... those financing payments and add it to the proposed price to determine the evaluated price for each... must calculate the time value of proposal-specified contract financing arrangements using as the.... Appendix C is updated yearly, and is available from the Office of Economic Policy in the Office of...

  16. 48 CFR 32.205 - Procedures for offeror-proposed commercial contract financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... those financing payments and add it to the proposed price to determine the evaluated price for each... must calculate the time value of proposal-specified contract financing arrangements using as the.... Appendix C is updated yearly, and is available from the Office of Economic Policy in the Office of...

  17. 24 CFR 3280.402 - Test procedure for roof trusses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) Nondestructive test procedure—(1) Dead load plus live load. (i) Noting figure A-1, measure and record initial... the truss equal to the full dead load of roof and ceiling. Measure and record deflections. (iii) Maintaining the dead load, add live load in approximate 1/4 design live load increments. Measure the...

  18. 24 CFR 3280.402 - Test procedure for roof trusses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...) Nondestructive test procedure—(1) Dead load plus live load. (i) Noting figure A-1, measure and record initial... the truss equal to the full dead load of roof and ceiling. Measure and record deflections. (iii) Maintaining the dead load, add live load in approximate 1/4 design live load increments. Measure the...

  19. 40 CFR 63.1512 - Performance test/compliance demonstration requirements and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... flux) in the hearth, or that conducts reactive fluxing in the sidewell at times when the level of molten metal falls below the top of the passage between the sidewell and the hearth, must conduct the... sidewell and the hearth. (e) Group 1 furnace (including melting holding furnaces) without add-on air...

  20. Addition of Functional Content during Core Content Instruction with Students with Moderate Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Collins, Belva C.; Hager, Karen L.; Galloway, Carey Creech

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of this investigation was to add functional content during core content instruction of language arts, science, and math. The investigation involved three middle school students with moderate disabilities who participated in the state's alternate assessment. During instruction using a constant time delay procedure to teach required…

  1. Marking and Moderation in the UK: False Assumptions and Wasted Resources

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bloxham, Sue

    2009-01-01

    This article challenges a number of assumptions underlying marking of student work in British universities. It argues that, in developing rigorous moderation procedures, we have created a huge burden for markers which adds little to accuracy and reliability but creates additional work for staff, constrains assessment choices and slows down…

  2. 77 FR 43170 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Publishing Notice of Receipt of Captive-Bred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-24

    ...-0093; FF09A30000 123 FXIA16710900000R4] RIN 1018-AX96 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Publishing Notice of Receipt of Captive-Bred Wildlife Registration Applications AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife... are authorized under the Captive-Bred Wildlife (CBW) regulations. This action adds procedural...

  3. 77 FR 9884 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Publishing Notice of Receipt of Captive-Bred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-21

    ...-0093; 96300-1671-0000-P5] RIN 1018-AX96 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Publishing Notice of Receipt of Captive-Bred Wildlife Registration Applications AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service... are authorized under the Captive Bred Wildlife (CBW) regulations. This action would add procedural...

  4. Management of Wood Products Manufacturing Using Simulation/Animation

    Treesearch

    D. Earl Kline; J.K. Wiedenbeck; Philip A. Araman

    1992-01-01

    Managers of hardwood processing facilities need timely information on which to base important decisions such as when to add costly equipment or how to improve profitability subject to time-varying demands. The overall purpose of this paper is to introduce a method that can effectively provide such timely information. A simulation/animation modeling procedure is...

  5. 76 FR 70811 - Notice of Applications for Modification of Special Permit

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-15

    ... the applications are available for inspection in the Records Center, East Building, PHH-30, 1200 New...; 173.301; permit to authorize an 173.304. alternative test and inspection procedure. 13350-M National... 8 hazardous materials and to add 19 new cargo tanks. 14728-M International 49 CFR 173.416(c).... To...

  6. 75 FR 76322 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Fox River, Oshkosh, WI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-08

    ...-AA09 Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Fox River, Oshkosh, WI AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice... procedures for the Canadian National Railway Bridge across the Fox River at Mile 55.72 at Oshkosh, Wisconsin... add paragraph (e) to read as follows: Sec. 117.1087 Fox River. * * * * * (e) The draw of the Canadian...

  7. Performance of Dental Ceramics

    PubMed Central

    Rekow, E.D.; Silva, N.R.F.A.; Coelho, P.G.; Zhang, Y.; Guess, P.; Thompson, V.P.

    2011-01-01

    The clinical success of modern dental ceramics depends on an array of factors, ranging from initial physical properties of the material itself, to the fabrication and clinical procedures that inevitably damage these brittle materials, and the oral environment. Understanding the influence of these factors on clinical performance has engaged the dental, ceramics, and engineering communities alike. The objective of this review is to first summarize clinical, experimental, and analytic results reported in the recent literature. Additionally, it seeks to address how this new information adds insight into predictive test procedures and reveals challenges for future improvements. PMID:21224408

  8. Sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures

    PubMed Central

    Santoro, Sergio; Lacombe, Arnaldo; de Aquino, Caio Gustavo Gaspar; Malzoni, Carlos Eduardo

    2014-01-01

    Objective Sleeve gastrectomy is the fastest growing surgical procedure to treat obesity in the world but it may cause or worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease. This article originally aimed to describe the addition of anti-reflux procedures (removal of periesophageal fats pads, hiatoplasty, a small plication and fixation of the gastric remnant in position) to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and to report early and late results. Methods Eighty-eight obese patients that also presented symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease were submitted to sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures. Fifty of them were also submitted to a transit bipartition. The weight loss of these patients was compared to consecutive 360 patients previously submitted to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and to 1,140 submitted to sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms were specifically inquired in all anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy patients and compared to the results of the same questionnaire applied to 50 sleeve gastrectomy patients and 60 sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition patients that also presented preoperative symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Results In terms of weight loss, excess of body mass index loss percentage after anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy is not inferior to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition is not inferior to sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition. Anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy did not add morbidity but significantly diminished gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and the use of proton pump inhibitors to treat this condition. Conclusion The addition of anti-reflux procedures, such as hiatoplasty and cardioplication, to the usual sleeve gastrectomy did not add morbidity neither worsened the weight loss but significantly reduced the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms as well as the use of proton pump inhibitors. PMID:25295447

  9. Force Measurement Services at Kebs: AN Overview of Equipment, Procedures and Uncertainty

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bangi, J. O.; Maranga, S. M.; Nganga, S. P.; Mutuli, S. M.

    This paper describes the facilities, instrumentation and procedures currently used in the force laboratory at the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) for force measurement services. The laboratory uses the Force Calibration Machine (FCM) to calibrate force-measuring instruments. The FCM derives its traceability via comparisons using reference transfer force transducers calibrated by the Force Standard Machines (FSM) of a National Metrology Institute (NMI). The force laboratory is accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 by the Germany Accreditation Body (DAkkS). The accredited measurement scope of the laboratory is 1 MN to calibrate force transducers in both compression and tension modes. ISO 376 procedures are used while calibrating force transducers. The KEBS reference transfer standards have capacities of 10, 50, 300 and 1000 kN to cover the full range of the FCM. The uncertainty in the forces measured by the FCM were reviewed and determined in accordance to the new EURAMET calibration guide. The relative expanded uncertainty of force W realized by FCM was evaluated in a range from 10 kN-1 MN, and was found to be 5.0 × 10-4 with the coverage factor k being equal to 2. The overall normalized error (En) of the comparison results was also found to be less than 1. The accredited Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMC) of the KEBS force laboratory was based on the results of those intercomparisons. The FCM enables KEBS to provide traceability for the calibration of class ‘1’ force instruments as per the ISO 376.

  10. Converting an intranet site to the cloud: using CampusGuides to refresh a library portal.

    PubMed

    Osterhaus Trzasko, Leah C; Farrell, Ann M; Rethlefsen, Melissa L

    2012-01-01

    After a major redesign project in 2002, Mayo Clinic Libraries' heavily used intranet portal remained largely static. Library staff were unable to make substantive design changes or introduce tools that would make the content more dynamic. CampusGuides offered a practical, user-friendly, web-based solution to add dynamic content to the library site. A task force was formed both to establish design and style guidelines that would integrate with the library site and to plan the conversion of content to CampusGuides. Converting intranet site content to CampusGuides gave the task force the opportunity to examine, re-imagine, and revitalize site content.

  11. Epidermolysis bullosa: Careful monitoring and no touch principle for anesthesia management.

    PubMed

    Saraf, Sujit V; Mandawade, Nishigandha J; Gore, Sandeep K; Padhye, Usha D; Pereira, Charissa S

    2013-07-01

    Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic mechanobullous disorder, with excessive fragility of the skin and mucous membranes. Avoiding mechanical injury to the skin and mucous membranes is essential in the anesthetic management. Shearing forces applied to the skin result in bullae formation, while compressive forces to the skin are tolerated. The challenge is to use monitoring technology without damaging the epithelial surface. Difficult airway, positioning issues, nutritional deficiencies, poor immunity, and carcinogenic potential add to the comorbidities. We managed a child with EB undergoing syndactyly release. Ensuring maximal skin and mucous membrane protection, anesthesia in children with EB can be conducted with few sequelae.

  12. Assessment of navigation cues with proximal force sensing during endovascular catheterization.

    PubMed

    Rafii-Taril, Hedyeh; Payne, Christopher J; Riga, Celia; Bicknell, Colin; Lee, Su-Lin; Yang, Guang-Zhong

    2012-01-01

    Despite increased use of robotic catheter navigation systems for endovascular intervention procedures, current master-slave platforms have not yet taken into account dexterous manipulation skill used in traditional catheterization procedures. Information on tool forces applied by operators is often limited. A novel force/torque sensor is developed in this paper to obtain behavioural data across different experience levels and identify underlying factors that affect overall operator performance. The miniature device can be attached to any part of the proximal end of the catheter, together with a position sensor attached to the catheter tip, for relating tool forces to catheter dynamics and overall performance. The results show clear differences in manipulation skills between experience groups, thus providing insights into different patterns and range of forces applied during routine endovascular procedures. They also provide important design specifications for ergonomically optimized catheter manipulation platforms with added haptic feedback while maintaining natural skills of the operators.

  13. Air Force Air Refueling: The KC-X Aircraft Acquisition Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-08-04

    7 Boom vs . Probe and Drogue Air Refueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Capacity vs ...consideration must be given to a few key attributes. For example, a tanker aircraft’s method of dispensing fuel – flying boom vs . probe and drogue – is a key...flight, which can add considerable flexibility to certain air operations. Boom vs . Probe and Drogue Air Refueling.32 Aircraft can be equipped to be

  14. To amend title 40, United States Code, to add certain Armed Forces organizations that are exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(19) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to the list of organizations eligible for donations of personal property through State agencies.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Stupak, Bart [D-MI-1

    2009-03-16

    House - 05/04/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Government Management, Organization, and Procurement. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  15. USACDEC Experimentation Manual

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-10-01

    Commander, Instrumentation Command (Prov) who is responsible for the cinematic form of the films. The writing requirements for discrete sections of the...level of simulated realism required. Higher levels of simulated realism will require higher degrees of control to insure the test events occur as...experimentation, the "enemy" created to add realism . Aggressor forces may be represented by live troops In the field or by mechanical targets with or

  16. Improved Distance Learning Environment For Marine Forces Reserve

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-09-01

    keyboard, to 20 form a desktop computer . Laptop computers share similar components but add mobility to the user. If additional desktop computers ...for stationary computing devices such as desktop PCs and laptops include the Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and Linux families of OSs 44 (Hopkins...opportunities to all Marines. For active duty Marines, government-provided desktops and laptops (GPDLs) typically support DL T&E or learning resource

  17. Post-procedural evaluation of catheter contact force characteristics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koch, Martin; Brost, Alexander; Kiraly, Atilla; Strobel, Norbert; Hornegger, Joachim

    2012-03-01

    Minimally invasive catheter ablation of electric foci, performed in electrophysiology labs, is an attractive treatment option for atrial fibrillation (AF) - in particular if drug therapy is no longer effective or tolerated. There are different strategies to eliminate the electric foci inducing the arrhythmia. Independent of the particular strategy, it is essential to place transmural lesions. The impact of catheter contact force on the generated lesion quality has been investigated recently, and first results are promising. There are different approaches to measure catheter-tissue contact. Besides traditional haptic feedback, there are new technologies either relying on catheter tip-to-tissue contact force or on local impedance measurements at the tip of the catheter. In this paper, we present a novel tool for post-procedural ablation point evaluation and visualization of contact force characteristics. Our method is based on localizing ablation points set during AF ablation procedures. The 3-D point positions are stored together with lesion specific catheter contact force (CF) values recorded during the ablation. The force records are mapped to the spatial 3-D positions, where the energy has been applied. The tracked positions of the ablation points can be further used to generate a 3-D mesh model of the left atrium (LA). Since our approach facilitates visualization of different force characteristics for post-procedural evaluation and verification, it has the potential to improve outcome by highlighting areas where lesion quality may be less than desired.

  18. Spatial and spectral simulation of LANDSAT images of agricultural areas

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pont, W. F., Jr. (Principal Investigator)

    1982-01-01

    A LANDSAT scene simulation capability was developed to study the effects of small fields and misregistration on LANDSAT-based crop proportion estimation procedures. The simulation employs a pattern of ground polygons each with a crop ID, planting date, and scale factor. Historical greenness/brightness crop development profiles generate the mean signal values for each polygon. Historical within-field covariances add texture to pixels in each polygon. The planting dates and scale factors create between-field/within-crop variation. Between field and crop variation is achieved by the above and crop profile differences. The LANDSAT point spread function is used to add correlation between nearby pixels. The next effect of the point spread function is to blur the image. Mixed pixels and misregistration are also simulated.

  19. Contact forces during hybrid atrial fibrillation ablation: an in vitro evaluation.

    PubMed

    Lozekoot, Pieter W J; de Jong, Monique M J; Gelsomino, Sandro; Parise, Orlando; Matteucci, Francesco; Lucà, Fabiana; Kumar, N; Nijs, Jan; Czapla, Jens; Kwant, Paul; Bani, Daniele; Gensini, Gian Franco; Pison, Laurent; Crijns, Harry J G M; Maessen, Jos G; La Meir, Mark

    2016-03-01

    Data on epicardial contact force efficacy in dual epicardial-endocardial atrial fibrillation ablation procedures are lacking. We present an in vitro study on the importance of epicardial and endocardial contact forces during this procedure. The in vitro setup consists of two separate chambers, mimicking the endocardial and epicardial sides of the heart. A circuit, including a pump and a heat exchanger, circulates porcine blood through the endocardial chamber. A septum, with a cut out, allows the placement of a magnetically fixed tissue holder, securing porcine atrial tissue, in the middle of both chambers. Two trocars provide access to the epicardium and endocardium. Force transducers mounted on both catheter holders allow real-time contact force monitoring, while a railing system allows controlled contact force adjustment. We histologically assessed different combinations of epi-endocardial radiofrequency ablation contact forces using porcine atria, evaluating the ablation's diameters, area, and volume. An epicardial ablation with forces of 100 or 300 g, followed by an endocardial ablation with a force of 20 g did not achieve transmurality. Increasing endocardial forces to 30 and 40 g combined with an epicardial force ranging from 100 to 300 and 500 g led to transmurality with significant increases in lesion's diameters, area, and volumes. Increased endocardial contact forces led to larger ablation lesions regardless of standard epicardial pressure forces. In order to gain transmurality in a model of a combined epicardial-endocardial procedure, a minimal endocardial force of 30 g combined with an epicardial force of 100 g is necessary.

  20. Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration Using 19-G Needle for Sarcoidosis.

    PubMed

    Balwan, Akshu

    2018-05-16

    Flexible bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is increasingly being used to obtain pathology specimens for diagnosis of sarcoidosis. There is wide variation in reported diagnostic yield in literature. New TBNA needles are available in the market but data are lacking about their diagnostic yield especially for sarcoidosis. This study reports the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy with EBUS-TBNA using ViziShot FLEX 19-G needle in a series of patients with suspected sarcoidosis. This is a retrospective chart review for diagnostic yield of the 19-G EBUS-TBNA needle for suspected sarcoidosis. Eighty-six EBUS bronchoscopies were performed, 15 were done with clinical suspicion of sarcoidosis. The 19-G needle was used for all cases of suspected sarcoidosis. The procedure was diagnostic of sarcoidosis in 14 (93.3%) patients by TBNA with 1 nondiagnostic bronchoscopy. Procedural diagnostic yield was 93.3%. Eighty-five percent (28/33) of sampled lymph nodes were positive for noncaseating granulomas. The yield of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and endobronchial lung biopsy was 38% (5/13) and 43% (6/14), respectively. TBLB and endobronchial lung biopsy did not add to the diagnostic yield of the procedure. No significant adverse events were noted. This series reports a higher diagnostic yield than most other published studies and opens platform for direct comparison of each available needle. It also adds to the safety data for this larger needle. In addition, it raises doubt into utility of TBLB for diagnosis of sarcoidosis, which can increase the procedural complications.

  1. Design and Evaluation of Wood Processing Facilities Using Object-Oriented Simulation

    Treesearch

    D. Earl Kline; Philip A. Araman

    1992-01-01

    Managers of hardwood processing facilities need timely information on which to base important decisions such as when to add costly equipment or how to improve profitability subject to time-varying demands. The overall purpose of this paper is to introduce a tool that can effectively provide such timely information. A simulation/animation modeling procedure is described...

  2. 78 FR 11998 - Paroling, Recommitting, and Supervising Federal Prisoners: Prisoners Serving Sentences Under the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-21

    ... organizations. We also propose to add new procedures for imposing special conditions for sex offenders, and to... special conditions of release for some sex offenders on parole or supervised release. For an offender convicted of a sex offense, we may impose a special condition for sex offender evaluation and treatment...

  3. 76 FR 44458 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 747 Airplanes and Model 767 Airplanes Equipped...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-26

    ... confirmed that a portion of their fleet is equipped with automatic nacelle and wing anti-ice systems, and... nacelle and wing anti-ice systems on during descent. From these statements, we infer that UPS is... Conditions Delta Airlines (Delta) requested that we revise the proposed AFM procedure to add the qualifier...

  4. Evaluation of a Small-Group Technique as a Teacher Training Instrument. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Whipple, Babette S.

    An exploratory study was designed to determine whether the use of a new, small group technique adds significantly to the level of training in early childhood education. Two groups of five student teachers learned the technique and were then evaluated. The evaluation procedure was designed to measure changes in their educational objectives, their…

  5. 77 FR 32034 - Policies To Promote Rural Radio Service and To Streamline Allotment and Assignment Procedures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-31

    ... Qualifications Window (``TQ Window''). During the TQ Window, any Tribe or Tribal entity that could qualify to add... filed Form 301 application to be considered at this stage, then during the TQ Window the original Tribal... acceptable application is filed during the TQ Window, whether by the original Tribal allotment proponent...

  6. 77 FR 8865 - Public Water System Supervision Program Approval for the State of Illinois; Tentative Approval

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-15

    ... By-products Regulations to all Illinois community and noncommunity water systems that add and/or... for Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment and Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection By-product... determined that the state regulations and procedures submitted by the State to EPA for review are no less...

  7. Prolonged Non-metabolic Heart Rate Variability Reduction as a Physiological Marker of Psychological Stress in Daily Life.

    PubMed

    Verkuil, Bart; Brosschot, Jos F; Tollenaar, Marieke S; Lane, Richard D; Thayer, Julian F

    2016-10-01

    Prolonged cardiac activity that exceeds metabolic needs can be detrimental for somatic health. Psychological stress could result in such "additional cardiac activity." In this study, we examined whether prolonged additional reductions in heart rate variability (AddHRVr) can be measured in daily life with an algorithm that filters out changes in HRV that are purely due to metabolic demand, as indexed by movement, using a brief calibration procedure. We tested whether these AddHRVr periods were related to worry, stress, and negative emotions. Movement and the root of the mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in heart rate were measured during a calibration phase and the subsequent 24 h in 32 participants. Worry, stress, explicit and implicit emotions were assessed hourly using smartphones. The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale and resting HRV were used to account for individual differences. During calibration, person-specific relations between movement and RMSSD were determined. The 24-h data were used to detect prolonged periods (i.e., 7.5 min) of AddHRVr. AddHRVr periods were associated with worrying, with decreased explicit positive affect, and with increased tension, but not with the frequency of stressful events or implicit emotions. Only in people high in emotional awareness and high in resting HRV did changes in AddHRVr covary with changes in explicit emotions. The algorithm can be used to capture prolonged reductions in HRV that are not due to metabolic needs. This enables the real-time assessment of episodes of potentially detrimental cardiac activity and its psychological determinants in daily life.

  8. Flash Mob Project Creates Awareness of Environmental Sensitivities: Making "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity" a Household Name

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Melva Gail

    2011-01-01

    Having severe Asthma and trying to maintain a social life isn't easy, but when one adds the disability of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) to the combination, the challenges become even tougher. As a dancer with both Asthma and MCS, the author was forced to give up the sport for 15 years before finding a group of line dancers that were…

  9. Air Force Journal of Logistics, Volume 32, Number 2, Summer 2008

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-01-01

    inventory, overproduction, waiting time, motion, transportation , and over processing waste. Waste is often placed into the following categories (D-O-W-N-T-I-M...simpler tools would be sufficient. * Transportation : moving product between processes is a cost that adds no value to the product. * Intellect: human... Transportation . This is the unnecessary movement probles.e of information or materials. Examples include physical hand-off of information and moving

  10. How social learning adds up to a culture: from birdsong to human public opinion.

    PubMed

    Tchernichovski, Ofer; Feher, Olga; Fimiarz, Daniel; Conley, Dalton

    2017-01-01

    Distributed social learning may occur at many temporal and spatial scales, but it rarely adds up to a stable culture. Cultures vary in stability and diversity (polymorphism), ranging from chaotic or drifting cultures, through cumulative polymorphic cultures, to stable monolithic cultures with high conformity levels. What features can sustain polymorphism, preventing cultures from collapsing into either chaotic or highly conforming states? We investigate this question by integrating studies across two quite separate disciplines: the emergence of song cultures in birds, and the spread of public opinion and social conventions in humans. In songbirds, the learning process has been studied in great detail, while in human studies the structure of social networks has been experimentally manipulated on large scales. In both cases, the manner in which communication signals are compressed and filtered - either during learning or while traveling through the social network - can affect culture polymorphism and stability. We suggest a simple mechanism of a shifting balance between converging and diverging social forces to explain these effects. Understanding social forces that shape cultural evolution might be useful for designing agile communication systems, which are stable and polymorphic enough to promote gradual changes in institutional behavior. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

  11. Test Area C-62 Final Range Environmental Assessment at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-05

    requirements to submit with EPCRA reports. Federal agencies must comply. Air Armament Center Plan 32-3; January 2004; Asbestos Management Plan; This...plan establishes procedures for the Eglin Air Force Base (AFB) facility asbestos management program. It contains the policies and procedures used in...controlling the health hazards created by asbestos containing materials (ACM), and the procedures used in ACM removal required to protect the health

  12. Assignment Procedures in the Air Force Procurement Management Information System.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ward, Joe H., Jr.; And Others

    An overview is presented of the procedure for offering jobs in the Air Force Procurement Management Information System (PROMIS), an assignment system which makes possible the use of human resources research findings to improve individual personnel assignments. A general framework for viewing personnel assignment systems is presented; then job…

  13. Medicaid program; Medicaid Management Information Systems; conditions of approval and reapproval and procedures for reduction of federal financial participation--Health Care Financing Administration. Proposed rule.

    PubMed

    1983-03-03

    This proposal adds to regulations new conditions and procedures for initial approval and for reapproval of Medicaid Management Information Systems (MMIS) to update the regulations to reflect additional requirements added by section 901 of the Mental Health Systems Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-398). The proposal specifies procedures for reducing the level of Federal financial participation in a State's administrative expenditures when a State fails to meet the conditions for initial operation, initial approval or reapproval of an MMIS. It also proposes procedures with respect to waivers of the conditions of approval and reapproval and to appeals of adverse decisions. These provisions are intended to improve States' MMIS, and to ensure efficient system operations, and to detect cases of fraud, waste, and abuse effectively.

  14. Judgements about the relation between force and trajectory variables in verbally described ballistic projectile motion.

    PubMed

    White, Peter A

    2013-01-01

    How accurate are explicit judgements about familiar forms of object motion, and how are they made? Participants judged the relations between force exerted in kicking a soccer ball and variables that define the trajectory of the ball: launch angle, maximum height attained, and maximum distance reached. Judgements tended to conform to a simple heuristic that judged force tends to increase as maximum height and maximum distance increase, with launch angle not being influential. Support was also found for the converse prediction, that judged maximum height and distance tend to increase as the amount of force described in the kick increases. The observed judgemental tendencies did not resemble the objective relations, in which force is a function of interactions between the trajectory variables. This adds to a body of research indicating that practical knowledge based on experiences of actions on objects is not available to the processes that generate judgements in higher cognition and that such judgements are generated by simple rules that do not capture the objective interactions between the physical variables.

  15. Cross influences of ozone and sulfate precursor emissions changes on air quality and climate

    PubMed Central

    Unger, Nadine; Shindell, Drew T.; Koch, Dorothy M.; Streets, David G.

    2006-01-01

    Tropospheric O3 and sulfate both contribute to air pollution and climate forcing. There is a growing realization that air quality and climate change issues are strongly connected. To date, the importance of the coupling between O3 and sulfate has not been fully appreciated, and thus regulations treat each pollutant separately. We show that emissions of O3 precursors can dramatically affect regional sulfate air quality and climate forcing. At 2030 in an A1B future, increased O3 precursor emissions enhance surface sulfate over India and China by up to 20% because of increased levels of OH and gas-phase SO2 oxidation rates and add up to 20% to the direct sulfate forcing for that region relative to the present day. Hence, O3 precursors impose an indirect forcing via sulfate, which is more than twice the direct O3 forcing itself (compare −0.61 vs. +0.35 W/m2). Regulatory policy should consider both air quality and climate and should address O3 and sulfate simultaneously because of the strong interaction between these species. PMID:16537360

  16. A potential method for lift evaluation from velocity field data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Guyon-Crozier, Guillaume; Mulleners, Karen

    2017-11-01

    Computing forces from velocity field measurements is one of the challenges in experimental aerodynamics. This work focuses on low Reynolds flows, where the dynamics of the leading and trailing edge vortices play a major role in lift production. Recent developments in 2D potential flow theory, using discrete vortex models, have shown good results for unsteady wing motions. A method is presented to calculate lift from experimental velocity field data using a discrete vortex potential flow model. The model continuously adds new point vortices at leading and trailing edges whose circulations are set directly from vorticity measurements. Forces are computed using the unsteady Blasius equation and compared with measured loads.

  17. Clinical impact of an open-irrigated radiofrequency catheter with direct force measurement on atrial fibrillation ablation.

    PubMed

    Martinek, Martin; Lemes, Christine; Sigmund, Elisabeth; Derndorfer, Michael; Aichinger, Josef; Winter, Siegmund; Nesser, Hans-Joachim; Pürerfellner, Helmut

    2012-11-01

    Electrode-tissue contact is crucial for adequate lesion formation in radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). We assessed the impact of direct catheter force measurement on acute procedural parameters during RFCA of atrial fibrillation (AF). Fifty consecutive patients (28 male) with paroxysmal AF who underwent their first procedure of circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) were assigned to either RFCA using (1) a standard 3.5-mm open-irrigated-tip catheter or (2) a catheter with contact force measurement capabilities. Using the endpoint of PVI with entry and exit block, acute procedural parameters were assessed. Procedural data showed a remarkable decline in ablation time (radiofrequency time needed for PVI) from 50.5 ± 15.9 to 39.0 ± 11.0 minutes (P = 0.007) with a reduction in overall procedure duration from 185 ± 46 to 154 ± 39 minutes (P = 0.022). In parallel, the total energy delivered could be significantly reduced from 70,926 ± 19,470 to 58,511 ± 14,655 Ws (P = 0.019). The number of acute PV reconnections declined from 36% to 12% (P = 0.095). The use of contact force sensing technology is able to significantly reduce ablation and procedure times in PVI. In addition, energy delivery is substantially reduced by avoiding radiofrequency ablation in positions with insufficient surface contact. Procedural efficacy and safety of this new feature have to be evaluated in larger cohorts. ©2012, The Authors. Journal compilation ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  18. Federal Logistics Information System (FLIS). Volume 18. Automated Mailing Labels System (AMLS) FLIS Procedures Manual

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-07-01

    LPLPW3t TIME XXXX\\ LISI ADDRESSES AND DISIRIBUTION FOR XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\\ LSER ID XXX P %G[ ZZ.zz9 AA MLG MAILING ADDRESS ZIP CODE PI C x XNXX XX...4100.39-M Volume Is APPENDIX C AMLS INFORMATIONAL MESSAGES Corrective Action: Press the F6 ( COM MIT) function key to add the Distribution information

  19. 78 FR 65733 - Joint Industry Plan; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Amendment to the Plan for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-01

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-70764; File No. 4-443] Joint Industry Plan; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Amendment to the Plan for the Purpose of Developing and Implementing Procedures Designed To Facilitate the Listing and Trading of Standardized Options To Add Miami International Securities Exchange, LLC (...

  20. 77 FR 76109 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change to...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ... Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change to Add Rules Related to the..., 2012, ICE Clear Credit LLC (``ICC'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission... Procedures has been updated to provide that ICC will use ICE Clear Europe's EOD prices for iTraxx Contracts...

  1. 40 CFR 63.4567 - How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on control device operating limits during...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products Compliance Requirements for the... procedures. If problems are found during the catalyst activity test, you must replace the catalyst bed or... inspection of the catalytic oxidizer system, including the burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems...

  2. 40 CFR 63.4567 - How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on control device operating limits during...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products Compliance Requirements for the... procedures. If problems are found during the catalyst activity test, you must replace the catalyst bed or... inspection of the catalytic oxidizer system, including the burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems...

  3. 75 FR 18403 - Rules of Procedure; Regulations Implementing the Government in the Sunshine Act; Implementation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-12

    ... directed that a hyphen be placed between the number ``20'' and the word ``day,'' so that the relevant... 63985, in the center column, in the second paragraph of SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION, remove the word ``Second'' and add in its place the word ``First'' in the third sentence. 0 2. On page 63985, in the center...

  4. 3-D Topo Surface Visualization of Acid-Base Species Distributions: Corner Buttes, Corner Pits, Curving Ridge Crests, and Dilution Plains

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Garon C.; Hossain, Md Mainul

    2017-01-01

    Species TOPOS is a free software package for generating three-dimensional (3-D) topographic surfaces ("topos") for acid-base equilibrium studies. This upgrade adds 3-D species distribution topos to earlier surfaces that showed pH and buffer capacity behavior during titration and dilution procedures. It constructs topos by plotting…

  5. Review of Flight Training Technology

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-07-01

    the cockpit. They might be used to train pilots in procedures to cope with NOE-altitude emergencies; howeve-r, a combination of cinematic simulation...airplanes. Although cockpit motion adds realism , thereby i-nproving pilot performanc, in the simulater Fedderqon, Vil; Guercio and Wall, i7?. Ince...operations. Light aircraft, part-task trainers, motion pictures and video tares, cinematic simulators, and digital teaching machines are among the

  6. 40 CFR 142.16 - Special primacy requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... enforceable requirements and procedures when the State adds to or changes the requirements under: (i) Table 1... distribution system that is out of compliance; (iii) Table 1 of 40 CFR 141.202(a) (Items (5), (6), and (9))—To... require a different form and manner of delivery for Tier 1, 2 and 3 public notices. (vi) Table 1 to 40 CFR...

  7. Use of a Microsoft Excel based add-in program to calculate plasma sinistrin clearance by a two-compartment model analysis in dogs.

    PubMed

    Steinbach, Sarah M L; Sturgess, Christopher P; Dunning, Mark D; Neiger, Reto

    2015-06-01

    Assessment of renal function by means of plasma clearance of a suitable marker has become standard procedure for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Sinistrin, a polyfructan solely cleared by the kidney, is often used for this purpose. Pharmacokinetic modeling using adequate software is necessary to calculate disappearance rate and half-life of sinistrin. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of a Microsoft excel based add-in program to calculate plasma sinistrin clearance, as well as additional pharmacokinetic parameters such as transfer rates (k), half-life (t1/2) and volume of distribution (Vss) for sinistrin in dogs with varying degrees of renal function. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Contact force sensing for ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: A randomized, multicenter trial.

    PubMed

    Conti, Sergio; Weerasooriya, Rukshen; Novak, Paul; Champagne, Jean; Lim, Hong Euy; Macle, Laurent; Khaykin, Yaariv; Pantano, Alfredo; Verma, Atul

    2018-02-01

    Impact of contact force sensing (CFS) on ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) is unknown. The purpose of the TOUCH AF (Therapeutic Outcomes Using Contact force Handling during Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation) randomized trial was to compare CFS-guided ablation to a CFS-blinded strategy. Patients (n = 128) undergoing first-time ablation for persistent AF were randomized to a CFS-guided vs CFS-blinded strategy. In the CFS-guided procedure, operators visualized real-time force data. In the blinded procedure, force data were hidden. Wide antral pulmonary vein isolation plus a roof line were performed. Patients were followed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months with clinical visit, ECG, and 48-hour Holter monitoring. The primary endpoint was cumulative radiofrequency (RF) time for all procedures. Atrial arrhythmia >30 seconds after 3 months was a recurrence. PeAF was continuous for 26 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 13-52), and left atrial size was 45 ± 5 mm. Force in the CFS-blinded and CFS-guided arms was 12 g [IQR 6-20] and 14 g [IQR 9-20] (P = .10), respectively. Total RF time did not differ between CFS-guided and CFS-blinded groups (49 ± 14 min vs 50 ± 20 min, respectively; P = .70). Single procedure freedom from atrial arrhythmia was 60% in the CFS-guided arm and 63% in the CFS-blinded arm off drugs. Lesions with gaps were associated with significantly less force (11.4 g [IQR 6-19] vs 13.2 g [IQR 8-20], respectively; P = .0007) and less force-time integral (174 gs [IQR 91-330] vs 210 gs [IQR 113-388], respectively; P <.001). CFS-guided ablation resulted in no difference to RF time or 12-month outcome. Lower force/force-time integral was associated with significantly more gaps. Copyright © 2017 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Reduction in Force: Policy & Procedure in South Carolina School Districts.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jenkins, Robert E.; Woodson, Marvin C.

    Starting from a survey of research literature and court cases, researchers conducted a study of South Carolina school districts' policies and procedures concerning reductions in force (RIFs). The literature review indicated some of the conditions necessitating RIFs (such as state financial problems), methods of avoiding RIFs, and criteria for RIF…

  10. Vibration suppression using a proofmass actuator operating in stroke/force saturation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lindner, D. K.; Celano, T. P.; Ide, E. N.

    1991-01-01

    The design of the control-loop structure for a feedback control system which contains a proofmass actuator for suppressing vibration is discussed. The loop structure is composed of inner control loops, which determine the frequency of the actuator and which are directly related to the actuator and the outer loops which add damping to the structure. When the frequency response of the actuator is matched to the stroke/force saturation curve, the actuator is most effective in the vibration suppression loops, and, since the stroke/force saturation curve is characterized by the stroke length, the mass of the proofmass, and the maximum current delivered by the motor electronics, the size of the actuator can be easily determined. The results of the loop-structure model calculations are verified by examining linear DC motors as proofmass actuators for the Mast in NASA's Control of Flexible Structures program.

  11. Multidrug Transport Protein NorM from Vibrio cholerae Simultaneously Couples to Sodium- and Proton-Motive Force*

    PubMed Central

    Jin, Yoonhee; Nair, Asha; van Veen, Hendrik W.

    2014-01-01

    Membrane transporters belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family mediate the efflux of unrelated pharmaceuticals from the interior of the cell in organisms ranging from bacteria to human. These proteins are thought to fall into two classes that couple substrate efflux to the influx of either Na+ or H+. We studied the energetics of drug extrusion by NorM from Vibrio cholerae in proteoliposomes in which purified NorM protein was functionally reconstituted in an inside-out orientation. We establish that NorM simultaneously couples to the sodium-motive force and proton-motive force, and biochemically identify protein regions and residues that play important roles in Na+ or H+ binding. As the positions of protons are not available in current medium and high-resolution crystal structures of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters, our findings add a previously unrecognized parameter to mechanistic models based of these structures. PMID:24711447

  12. Use of diagnostic information submitted to the United Kingdom Central Cardiac Audit Database: development of categorisation and allocation algorithms.

    PubMed

    Brown, Kate L; Crowe, Sonya; Pagel, Christina; Bull, Catherine; Muthialu, Nagarajan; Gibbs, John; Cunningham, David; Utley, Martin; Tsang, Victor T; Franklin, Rodney

    2013-08-01

    To categorise records according to primary cardiac diagnosis in the United Kingdom Central Cardiac Audit Database in order to add this information to a risk adjustment model for paediatric cardiac surgery. Codes from the International Paediatric Congenital Cardiac Code were mapped to recognisable primary cardiac diagnosis groupings, allocated using a hierarchy and less refined diagnosis groups, based on the number of functional ventricles and presence of aortic obstruction. A National Clinical Audit Database. Patients Children undergoing cardiac interventions: the proportions for each diagnosis scheme are presented for 13,551 first patient surgical episodes since 2004. In Scheme 1, the most prevalent diagnoses nationally were ventricular septal defect (13%), patent ductus arteriosus (10.4%), and tetralogy of Fallot (9.5%). In Scheme 2, the prevalence of a biventricular heart without aortic obstruction was 64.2% and with aortic obstruction was 14.1%; the prevalence of a functionally univentricular heart without aortic obstruction was 4.3% and with aortic obstruction was 4.7%; the prevalence of unknown (ambiguous) number of ventricles was 8.4%; and the prevalence of acquired heart disease only was 2.2%. Diagnostic groups added to procedural information: of the 17% of all operations classed as "not a specific procedure", 97.1% had a diagnosis identified in Scheme 1 and 97.2% in Scheme 2. Diagnostic information adds to surgical procedural data when the complexity of case mix is analysed in a national database. These diagnostic categorisation schemes may be used for future investigation of the frequency of conditions and evaluation of long-term outcome over a series of procedures.

  13. Oman: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-08-30

    workshop in Muscat to discuss freedom of speech .3 However, evidence that the pace of change has been perceived as slow was demonstrated in 2011 in...change their government, limits on freedom of speech , and societal mores that discriminate against women. The report adds that security force...Research Service 7 Freedom of Expression/Media The State Dept. human rights report for 2011 states that the law provides for limited freedom of speech and

  14. Force Protection Leader’s Guide

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-01-01

    and TC1-13, Hot Weather Flying Sense. • As a minimum: □ Taxiing. Get helicopter airborne and through ETL as quickly as possible to rninimize sand...protective covers between flights to protect aircraft from excess heat and to stop sand and dirt from getting into moving parts. • Wipe oil and grease...nonabrasive material—then attach cover. • Add oil and hydraulic fluid directly from original unopened containers to help stop sand and dirt from getting

  15. Special Spiritual Connections: Chaplain Deployments With Special Operations Forces

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-04-01

    A 2012 study by the Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion and Public Life found that 84% of the global population practices some form of religion .5... Religion often serves as a contributing factor to conflict, instability and war.6 Religion , however, can also serve to reduce conflict, add...populace. Religious demographics from Sub-Saharan Africa in 2010 indicate 96.8% of the population are affiliated with a religion , with numbers

  16. Automatic Identification Technology: Tracking Weapons and Ammunition for the Norwegian Armed Forces

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-01

    and their error rate. It can also add an anti - theft feature that provides an extra service to the launderers.35 Firms that have problems with...33  Figure 15.  Handheld 2D Matrix Reader with USB and Bluetooth Connections. .............34  Figure 16.  NDLO is...CCD Charge Coupled Device DoD United States Department of Defense EPC Electronic Product Code ERP Enterprise Resource Planning GHz Giga

  17. Gaming the System: A Game Theory Analysis of Theater Airborne ISR

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-02-13

    2-0, 50. 18 Edgar Schein , Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3 rd ed. (San Francisco, CA: Jossey- Bass, 2004), 17. 19 The absence of the... Edgar H . Organizational Culture and Leadership. Third Edition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2004. Shanker, Thom. “At Odds with Air Force, Army Adds...level and it is reasonable to assume that the land components will play a similar role in future conflicts. Dr. Edward Schein defines

  18. Flutter prediction for a wing with active aileron control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Penning, K.; Sandlin, D. R.

    1983-01-01

    A method for predicting the vibrational stability of an aircraft with an analog active aileron flutter suppression system (FSS) is expained. Active aileron refers to the use of an active control system connected to the aileron to damp vibrations. Wing vibrations are sensed by accelerometers and the information is used to deflect the aileron. Aerodynamic force caused by the aileron deflection oppose wing vibrations and effectively add additional damping to the system.

  19. Military Portal, augmenting the U.S. Air Force Portal and DoD portal, Army,

    Science.gov Websites

    Troops-to-Teachers Program This portal page is designed so it can be copied to a hard drive, forwarded by aspect of the military. C'mon down and visit us online. If you make a copy of this page on your hard you put this file on your hard drive, you can modify it and add links of your own choosing ... such as

  20. Sliding tethered ligands add topological interactions to the toolbox of ligand–receptor design

    PubMed Central

    Bauer, Martin; Kékicheff, Patrick; Iss, Jean; Fajolles, Christophe; Charitat, Thierry; Daillant, Jean; Marques, Carlos M.

    2015-01-01

    Adhesion in the biological realm is mediated by specific lock-and-key interactions between ligand–receptor pairs. These complementary moieties are ubiquitously anchored to substrates by tethers that control the interaction range and the mobility of the ligands and receptors, thus tuning the kinetics and strength of the binding events. Here we add sliding anchoring to the toolbox of ligand–receptor design by developing a family of tethered ligands for which the spacer can slide at the anchoring point. Our results show that this additional sliding degree of freedom changes the nature of the adhesive contact by extending the spatial range over which binding may sustain a significant force. By introducing sliding tethered ligands with self-regulating length, this work paves the way for the development of versatile and reusable bio-adhesive substrates with potential applications for drug delivery and tissue engineering. PMID:26350224

  1. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Burge, S.W.

    This report describes the theory and structure of the FORCE2 flow program. The manual describes the governing model equations, solution procedure and their implementation in the computer program. FORCE2 is an extension of an existing B&V multidimensional, two-phase flow program. FORCE2 was developed for application to fluid beds by flow implementing a gas-solids modeling technology derived, in part, during a joint government -- industry research program, ``Erosion of FBC Heat Transfer Tubes,`` coordinated by Argonne National Laboratory. The development of FORCE2 was sponsored by ASEA-Babcock, an industry participant in this program. This manual is the principal documentation for the programmore » theory and organization. Program usage and post-processing of code predictions with the FORCE2 post-processor are described in a companion report, FORCE2 -- A Multidimensional Flow Program for Fluid Beds, User`s Guide. This manual is segmented into sections to facilitate its usage. In section 2.0, the mass and momentum conservation principles, the basis for the code, are presented. In section 3.0, the constitutive relations used in modeling gas-solids hydrodynamics are given. The finite-difference model equations are derived in section 4.0 and the solution procedures described in sections 5.0 and 6.0. Finally, the implementation of the model equations and solution procedure in FORCE2 is described in section 7.0.« less

  2. Experimental Verification of Buffet Calculation Procedure Using Unsteady PSP

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Panda, Jayanta

    2016-01-01

    Typically a limited number of dynamic pressure sensors are employed to determine the unsteady aerodynamic forces on large, slender aerospace structures. The estimated forces are known to be very sensitive to the number of the dynamic pressure sensors and the details of the integration scheme. This report describes a robust calculation procedure, based on frequency-specific correlation lengths, that is found to produce good estimation of fluctuating forces from a few dynamic pressure sensors. The validation test was conducted on a flat panel, placed on the floor of a wind tunnel, and was subjected to vortex shedding from a rectangular bluff-body. The panel was coated with fast response Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP), which allowed time-resolved measurements of unsteady pressure fluctuations on a dense grid of spatial points. The first part of the report describes the detail procedure used to analyze the high-speed, PSP camera images. The procedure includes steps to reduce contamination by electronic shot noise, correction for spatial non-uniformities, and lamp brightness variation, and finally conversion of fluctuating light intensity to fluctuating pressure. The latter involved applying calibration constants from a few dynamic pressure sensors placed at selective points on the plate. Excellent comparison in the spectra, coherence and phase, calculated via PSP and dynamic pressure sensors validated the PSP processing steps. The second part of the report describes the buffet validation process, for which the first step was to use pressure histories from all PSP points to determine the "true" force fluctuations. In the next step only a selected number of pixels were chosen as "virtual sensors" and a correlation-length based buffet calculation procedure was applied to determine "modeled" force fluctuations. By progressively decreasing the number of virtual sensors it was observed that the present calculation procedure was able to make a close estimate of the "true" unsteady forces only from four sensors. It is believed that the present work provides the first validation of the buffet calculation procedure which has been used for the development of many space vehicles.

  3. Adjuncts in the IVF laboratory: where is the evidence for 'add-on' interventions?

    PubMed

    Harper, Joyce; Jackson, Emily; Sermon, Karen; Aitken, Robert John; Harbottle, Stephen; Mocanu, Edgar; Hardarson, Thorir; Mathur, Raj; Viville, Stephane; Vail, Andy; Lundin, Kersti

    2017-03-01

    Globally, IVF patients are routinely offered and charged for a selection of adjunct treatments and tests or 'add-ons' that they are told may improve their chance of a live birth, despite there being no clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of the add-on. Any new IVF technology claiming to improve live birth rates (LBR) should, in most cases, first be tested in an appropriate animal model, then in clinical trials, to ensure safety, and finally in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to provide high-quality evidence that the procedure is safe and effective. Only then should the technique be considered as 'routine' and only when applied to the similar patient population as those studied in the RCT. Even then, further pediatric and long-term follow-up studies will need to be undertaken to examine the long-term safety of the procedure. Alarmingly, there are currently numerous examples where adjunct treatments are used in the absence of evidence-based medicine and often at an additional fee. In some cases, when RCTs have shown the technique to be ineffective, it is eventually withdrawn from the clinic. In this paper, we discuss some of the adjunct treatments currently being offered globally in IVF laboratories, including embryo glue and adherence compounds, sperm DNA fragmentation, time-lapse imaging, preimplantation genetic screening, mitochondria DNA load measurement and assisted hatching. We examine the evidence for their safety and efficacy in increasing LBRs. We conclude that robust studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of any adjunct treatment or test before they are offered routinely to IVF patients. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  4. Standard Guidelines of Care: Performing Procedures in Patients on or Recently Administered with Isotretinoin

    PubMed Central

    Mysore, Venkataram; Mahadevappa, Omprakash H.; Barua, Shyamanta; Majid, Imran; Viswanath, Vishalakshi; Bhat, Ramesh M.; Talwar, Suresh; Thurakkal, Salim; Aurangabadkar, Sanjeev J.; Chatterjee, Manas; Ganjoo, Anil

    2017-01-01

    Background: Currently, the standard protocol regarding the performance of procedures on patients receiving or having recently received isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) states that the procedures should not be performed. The recommendations in standard books and drug insert require discontinuation of isotretinoin for 6 months before performing cosmetic procedures, including waxing, dermabrasion, chemical peels, laser procedures, or incisional and excisional cold-steel surgery. These recommendations have been followed for over two decades despite little evidence for the stated increased risk of scarring. Objective: The Association of Cutaneous Surgeons (I) constituted a task force to review the evidence and to recommend consensus guidelines regarding the safety of skin procedures, including resurfacing, energy-device treatments, and dermatosurgical procedures in patients with concurrent or recent isotretinoin administration. Materials and Methods: Data were extracted from the literature through a PubMed search using the keywords “isotretinoin,” “safety,” “scarring,” “keloids,” “hypertrophic scarring,” and “pigmentation.” The evidence was then labeled and circulated to all members of task force for review. Results: The task force is of the opinion that there is insufficient evidence to support the current protocol of avoiding and delaying treatments in the patient group under consideration and recommends that the current practice should be discontinued. The task force concludes that performing procedures such as laser hair removal, fractional lasers for aging and acne scarring, lasers for pigmented skin lesions, fractional radio-frequency microneedling, superficial and medium-depth peels, microdermabrasion, dermaroller, biopsies, radio-frequency ablation, and superficial excisions is safe in patients with concurrent or recent isotretinoin administration. PMID:29491653

  5. Optimal contact forces to minimize cardiac perforations before, during, and/or after radiofrequency or cryothermal ablations.

    PubMed

    Quallich, Stephen G; Van Heel, Michael; Iaizzo, Paul A

    2015-02-01

    Catheter perforations remain a major clinical concern during ablation procedures for treatment of atrial arrhythmias and may lead to life-threatening cardiac tamponade. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation alters the biomechanical properties of cardiac tissue, ultimately allowing for perforation to occur more readily. Studies on the effects of cryoablation on perforation force as well as studies defining the perforation force of human tissue are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the required force to elicit perforation of cardiac atrial tissue after or during ablation procedures. Effects of RF or cryothermal ablations on catheter perforation forces for both swine (n = 83 animals, 530 treatments) and human (n = 8 specimens, 136 treatments) cardiac tissue were investigated. Overall average forces resulting in perforation of healthy unablated tissue were 406g ± 170g for swine and 591g ± 240g for humans. Post-RF ablation applications considerably reduced these forces to 246g ± 118g for swine and 362 ± 185g for humans (P <.001). Treatments with cryoablation did not significantly alter forces required to induce perforations. Decreasing catheter sizes resulted in a reduction in forces required to perforate the atrial wall (P <.001). Catheter perforations occurred over an array of contact forces with a minimum of 38g being observed. The swine model likely underestimates the required perforation forces relative to those of human tissues. We provide novel insights related to the comparative effects of RF and cryothermal ablations on the potential for inducing undesired punctures, with RF ablation reducing perforation force significantly. These data are insightful for physicians performing ablation procedures as well as for medical device designers. Copyright © 2015 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Issues and Recommendations: A Report of the Learning Disabilities Task Force on Definition, Criteria and Identification Procedures.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Iowa State Dept. of Education, Des Moines. Bureau of Special Education.

    The report, developed by a special Iowa task force, examined issues of definition, criteria, and identification procedures for learning disabilities as a point of departure for the examination of current practices affecting learning disabled students in Iowa. The committee's working definintion of learning disabilities is presented as a basis for…

  7. Proof of Concept Study: Investigating Force Metrics of an Intracorporeal Suturing Knot Task.

    PubMed

    Wee, Justin; Azzie, Georges; Drake, James; Gerstle, J Ted

    2018-06-19

    Mastering proper force manipulation in minimally invasive surgery can take many hours of practice and training. Improper force control can lead to necrosis, infection, and scarring. A force-sensing skin (FSS) has been developed, which measures forces at the distal end of minimal access surgeries' (MAS) instruments without altering the instrument's structural integrity or the surgical workflow, and acts as a minimally disruptive add-on to any MAS instrument. A proof of concept study was conducted using a FSS-equipped 5 mm straight-tip needle holder. Participants (n = 19: 3 novices, 11 fellows, and 5 staff surgeons) performed one intracorporeal suturing knot task (ISKT). Using participant task video footage, each participant's two puncture forces (each wall of the Penrose drain) and three knot tightening forces were measured. Force metrics from the three expertise groups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honest significance test with statistical significance assessed at P < .05. Preliminary ISKT force metric data showed differences between novices and more experienced fellows and surgeons. Of the five stages of the ISKT evaluated, the first puncture force of the Penrose drain seemed to best reflect the difference in skill among participants. The study demonstrated ISKT knot tightening and puncture force ranges across three expertise levels (novices, surgical fellows, and staff surgeons) of 0.586 to 6.089 newtons (N) and 0.852 to 2.915 N, respectively. The investigation of force metrics is important for the implementation of future force feedback systems as it can provide real-time information to surgeons in training and the operating theater.

  8. 5 CFR 359.602 - Agency reductions in force.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Agency reductions in force. 359.602... Appointees as a Result of Reduction in Force § 359.602 Agency reductions in force. (a) Competitive procedures... removed from the SES in any reduction in force of career appointees within the agency. Such competitive...

  9. Targeting Accuracy, Procedure Times and User Experience of 240 Experimental MRI Biopsies Guided by a Clinical Add-On Navigation System.

    PubMed

    Busse, Harald; Riedel, Tim; Garnov, Nikita; Thörmer, Gregor; Kahn, Thomas; Moche, Michael

    2015-01-01

    MRI is of great clinical utility for the guidance of special diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The majority of such procedures are performed iteratively ("in-and-out") in standard, closed-bore MRI systems with control imaging inside the bore and needle adjustments outside the bore. The fundamental limitations of such an approach have led to the development of various assistance techniques, from simple guidance tools to advanced navigation systems. The purpose of this work was to thoroughly assess the targeting accuracy, workflow and usability of a clinical add-on navigation solution on 240 simulated biopsies by different medical operators. Navigation relied on a virtual 3D MRI scene with real-time overlay of the optically tracked biopsy needle. Smart reference markers on a freely adjustable arm ensured proper registration. Twenty-four operators - attending (AR) and resident radiologists (RR) as well as medical students (MS) - performed well-controlled biopsies of 10 embedded model targets (mean diameter: 8.5 mm, insertion depths: 17-76 mm). Targeting accuracy, procedure times and 13 Likert scores on system performance were determined (strong agreement: 5.0). Differences in diagnostic success rates (AR: 93%, RR: 88%, MS: 81%) were not significant. In contrast, between-group differences in biopsy times (AR: 4:15, RR: 4:40, MS: 5:06 min:sec) differed significantly (p<0.01). Mean overall rating was 4.2. The average operator would use the system again (4.8) and stated that the outcome justifies the extra effort (4.4). Lowest agreement was reported for the robustness against external perturbations (2.8). The described combination of optical tracking technology with an automatic MRI registration appears to be sufficiently accurate for instrument guidance in a standard (closed-bore) MRI environment. High targeting accuracy and usability was demonstrated on a relatively large number of procedures and operators. Between groups with different expertise there were significant differences in experimental procedure times but not in the number of successful biopsies.

  10. Lectin Enzyme Assay Detection of Viruses, Tissue Culture, and a Mycotoxin Simulant

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-09-01

    micromix vibrator at 37 OC for 10-30 min. 9. Read color development at 10, 20, and 30 min. Table 5. LEAD Test (Procedure II). 1. Add 0.1 mL of virus...or TC concentrations to 0.1 mL of WGA- peroxidase in microtiter tray. 2. Mix on yankee rotator or micromix vibrator at room temperature for 10 min. 3

  11. 78 FR 65739 - Joint Industry Plan; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Amendment to the Plan for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-01

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-70765; File No. 4-443] Joint Industry Plan; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Amendment to the Plan for the Purpose of Developing and Implementing Procedures Designed To Facilitate the Listing and Trading of Standardized Options To Add Topaz Exchange, LLC as a Plan Sponsor October...

  12. The cognitive architecture for chaining of two mental operations.

    PubMed

    Sackur, Jérôme; Dehaene, Stanislas

    2009-05-01

    A simple view, which dates back to Turing, proposes that complex cognitive operations are composed of serially arranged elementary operations, each passing intermediate results to the next. However, whether and how such serial processing is achieved with a brain composed of massively parallel processors, remains an open question. Here, we study the cognitive architecture for chained operations with an elementary arithmetic algorithm: we required participants to add (or subtract) two to a digit, and then compare the result with five. In four experiments, we probed the internal implementation of this task with chronometric analysis, the cued-response method, the priming method, and a subliminal forced-choice procedure. We found evidence for an approximately sequential processing, with an important qualification: the second operation in the algorithm appears to start before completion of the first operation. Furthermore, initially the second operation takes as input the stimulus number rather than the output of the first operation. Thus, operations that should be processed serially are in fact executed partially in parallel. Furthermore, although each elementary operation can proceed subliminally, their chaining does not occur in the absence of conscious perception. Overall, the results suggest that chaining is slow, effortful, imperfect (resulting partly in parallel rather than serial execution) and dependent on conscious control.

  13. Approach for counting vehicles in congested traffic flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tan, Xiaojun; Li, Jun; Liu, Wei

    2005-02-01

    More and more image sensors are used in intelligent transportation systems. In practice, occlusion is always a problem when counting vehicles in congested traffic. This paper tries to present an approach to solve the problem. The proposed approach consists of three main procedures. Firstly, a new algorithm of background subtraction is performed. The aim is to segment moving objects from an illumination-variant background. Secondly, object tracking is performed, where the CONDENSATION algorithm is used. This can avoid the problem of matching vehicles in successive frames. Thirdly, an inspecting procedure is executed to count the vehicles. When a bus firstly occludes a car and then the bus moves away a few frames later, the car will appear in the scene. The inspecting procedure should find the "new" car and add it as a tracking object.

  14. Laparoscopic transverse rectus abdominus flap delay for autogenous breast reconstruction.

    PubMed

    Kaddoura, I L; Khoury, G S

    1998-01-01

    Laparoscopic ligation of the deep and superficial inferior epigastric vessels was done for ten mastectomized patients who elected to have autogenous reconstruction of their breast. All these patients had at least one indication for the delay which included obesity, smoking, or requirement of a large volume of tissue for their reconstruction. The procedure did not add any morbidity or mortality to our patients and was found to be comparable to the "open" delay in preventing partial tissue loss in all but two patients. We describe the use of a minimally invasive procedure to augment the deep superior epigastric pedicled blood supply for the future transverse rectus abdominus flap. We have found in laparoscopic delay a safe, short procedure that is useful in high risk patients who choose the option of autologous breast reconstruction.

  15. Spatial adaption procedures on unstructured meshes for accurate unsteady aerodynamic flow computation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rausch, Russ D.; Batina, John T.; Yang, Henry T. Y.

    1991-01-01

    Spatial adaption procedures for the accurate and efficient solution of steady and unsteady inviscid flow problems are described. The adaption procedures were developed and implemented within a two-dimensional unstructured-grid upwind-type Euler code. These procedures involve mesh enrichment and mesh coarsening to either add points in a high gradient region or the flow or remove points where they are not needed, respectively, to produce solutions of high spatial accuracy at minimal computational costs. A detailed description is given of the enrichment and coarsening procedures and comparisons with alternative results and experimental data are presented to provide an assessment of the accuracy and efficiency of the capability. Steady and unsteady transonic results, obtained using spatial adaption for the NACA 0012 airfoil, are shown to be of high spatial accuracy, primarily in that the shock waves are very sharply captured. The results were obtained with a computational savings of a factor of approximately fifty-three for a steady case and as much as twenty-five for the unsteady cases.

  16. Spatial adaption procedures on unstructured meshes for accurate unsteady aerodynamic flow computation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rausch, Russ D.; Yang, Henry T. Y.; Batina, John T.

    1991-01-01

    Spatial adaption procedures for the accurate and efficient solution of steady and unsteady inviscid flow problems are described. The adaption procedures were developed and implemented within a two-dimensional unstructured-grid upwind-type Euler code. These procedures involve mesh enrichment and mesh coarsening to either add points in high gradient regions of the flow or remove points where they are not needed, respectively, to produce solutions of high spatial accuracy at minimal computational cost. The paper gives a detailed description of the enrichment and coarsening procedures and presents comparisons with alternative results and experimental data to provide an assessment of the accuracy and efficiency of the capability. Steady and unsteady transonic results, obtained using spatial adaption for the NACA 0012 airfoil, are shown to be of high spatial accuracy, primarily in that the shock waves are very sharply captured. The results were obtained with a computational savings of a factor of approximately fifty-three for a steady case and as much as twenty-five for the unsteady cases.

  17. Drivers of wetland conversion: a global meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    van Asselen, Sanneke; Verburg, Peter H; Vermaat, Jan E; Janse, Jan H

    2013-01-01

    Meta-analysis of case studies has become an important tool for synthesizing case study findings in land change. Meta-analyses of deforestation, urbanization, desertification and change in shifting cultivation systems have been published. This present study adds to this literature, with an analysis of the proximate causes and underlying forces of wetland conversion at a global scale using two complementary approaches of systematic review. Firstly, a meta-analysis of 105 case-study papers describing wetland conversion was performed, showing that different combinations of multiple-factor proximate causes, and underlying forces, drive wetland conversion. Agricultural development has been the main proximate cause of wetland conversion, and economic growth and population density are the most frequently identified underlying forces. Secondly, to add a more quantitative component to the study, a logistic meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the likelihood of wetland conversion worldwide, using globally-consistent biophysical and socioeconomic location factor maps. Significant factors explaining wetland conversion, in order of importance, are market influence, total wetland area (lower conversion probability), mean annual temperature and cropland or built-up area. The regression analyses results support the outcomes of the meta-analysis of the processes of conversion mentioned in the individual case studies. In other meta-analyses of land change, similar factors (e.g., agricultural development, population growth, market/economic factors) are also identified as important causes of various types of land change (e.g., deforestation, desertification). Meta-analysis helps to identify commonalities across the various local case studies and identify which variables may lead to individual cases to behave differently. The meta-regression provides maps indicating the likelihood of wetland conversion worldwide based on the location factors that have determined historic conversions.

  18. Drivers of Wetland Conversion: a Global Meta-Analysis

    PubMed Central

    van Asselen, Sanneke; Verburg, Peter H.; Vermaat, Jan E.; Janse, Jan H.

    2013-01-01

    Meta-analysis of case studies has become an important tool for synthesizing case study findings in land change. Meta-analyses of deforestation, urbanization, desertification and change in shifting cultivation systems have been published. This present study adds to this literature, with an analysis of the proximate causes and underlying forces of wetland conversion at a global scale using two complementary approaches of systematic review. Firstly, a meta-analysis of 105 case-study papers describing wetland conversion was performed, showing that different combinations of multiple-factor proximate causes, and underlying forces, drive wetland conversion. Agricultural development has been the main proximate cause of wetland conversion, and economic growth and population density are the most frequently identified underlying forces. Secondly, to add a more quantitative component to the study, a logistic meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the likelihood of wetland conversion worldwide, using globally-consistent biophysical and socioeconomic location factor maps. Significant factors explaining wetland conversion, in order of importance, are market influence, total wetland area (lower conversion probability), mean annual temperature and cropland or built-up area. The regression analyses results support the outcomes of the meta-analysis of the processes of conversion mentioned in the individual case studies. In other meta-analyses of land change, similar factors (e.g., agricultural development, population growth, market/economic factors) are also identified as important causes of various types of land change (e.g., deforestation, desertification). Meta-analysis helps to identify commonalities across the various local case studies and identify which variables may lead to individual cases to behave differently. The meta-regression provides maps indicating the likelihood of wetland conversion worldwide based on the location factors that have determined historic conversions. PMID:24282580

  19. 75 FR 18725 - Organization; Eligibility and Scope of Financing; Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-12

    ...The Farm Credit Administration (FCA or we) issues this final rule on Farm Credit System (System) bank and association director elections and other voting procedures. The final rule clarifies director election processes and updates FCA regulations to incorporate interpretations made through bookletters to System institutions. It also consolidates general election procedures, clarifies the role of nominating committees, enhances eligibility and disclosure requirements for director candidates, and improves annual meeting information statement instructions. The final rule also adds new regulations on floor nominations and meetings of stockholders. We expect this final rule will increase stockholder participation, enhance impartiality, and strengthen disclosures in director elections.

  20. Economics of abdominal wall reconstruction.

    PubMed

    Bower, Curtis; Roth, J Scott

    2013-10-01

    The economic aspects of abdominal wall reconstruction are frequently overlooked, although understandings of the financial implications are essential in providing cost-efficient health care. Ventral hernia repairs are frequently performed surgical procedures with significant economic ramifications for employers, insurers, providers, and patients because of the volume of procedures, complication rates, the significant rate of recurrence, and escalating costs. Because biological mesh materials add significant expense to the costs of treating complex abdominal wall hernias, the role of such costly materials needs to be better defined to ensure the most cost-efficient and effective treatments for ventral abdominal wall hernias. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. In vivo correlation between axon diameter and conduction velocity in the human brain.

    PubMed

    Horowitz, Assaf; Barazany, Daniel; Tavor, Ido; Bernstein, Moran; Yovel, Galit; Assaf, Yaniv

    2015-01-01

    The understanding of the relationship between structure and function has always characterized biology in general and neurobiology in particular. One such fundamental relationship is that between axon diameter and the axon's conduction velocity (ACV). Measurement of these neuronal properties, however, requires invasive procedures that preclude direct elucidation of this relationship in vivo. Here we demonstrate that diffusion-based MRI is sensitive to the fine microstructural elements of brain wiring and can be used to quantify axon diameter in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate the in vivo correlation between the diameter of an axon and its conduction velocity in the human brain. Using AxCaliber, a novel magnetic resonance imaging technique that enables us to estimate in vivo axon diameter distribution (ADD) and by measuring the interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) by electroencephalography, we found significant linear correlation, across a cohort of subjects, between brain microstructure morphology (ADD) and its physiology (ACV) in the tactile and visual sensory domains. The ability to make a quantitative assessment of a fundamental physiological property in the human brain from in vivo measurements of ADD may shed new light on neurological processes occurring in neuroplasticity as well as in neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

  2. Sequence-dependent folding landscapes of adenine riboswitch aptamers.

    PubMed

    Lin, Jong-Chin; Hyeon, Changbong; Thirumalai, D

    2014-04-14

    Expression of a large fraction of genes in bacteria is controlled by riboswitches, which are found in the untranslated region of mRNA. Structurally riboswitches have a conserved aptamer domain to which a metabolite binds, resulting in a conformational change in the downstream expression platform. Prediction of the functions of riboswitches requires a quantitative description of the folding landscape so that the barriers and time scales for the conformational change in the switching region in the aptamer can be estimated. Using a combination of all atom molecular dynamics (MD) and coarse-grained model simulations we studied the response of adenine (A) binding add and pbuE A-riboswitches to mechanical force. The two riboswitches contain a structurally similar three-way junction formed by three paired helices, P1, P2, and P3, but carry out different functions. Using pulling simulations, with structures generated in MD simulations, we show that after P1 rips the dominant unfolding pathway in the add A-riboswitch is the rupture of P2 followed by unraveling of P3. In the pbuE A-riboswitch, after P1 unfolds P3 ruptures ahead of P2. The order of unfolding of the helices, which is in accord with single molecule pulling experiments, is determined by the relative stabilities of the individual helices. Our results show that the stability of isolated helices determines the order of assembly and response to force in these non-coding regions. We use the simulated free energy profile for the pbuE A-riboswitch to estimate the time scale for allosteric switching, which shows that this riboswitch is under kinetic control lending additional support to the conclusion based on single molecule pulling experiments. A consequence of the stability hypothesis is that a single point mutation (U28C) in the P2 helix of the add A-riboswitch, which increases the stability of P2, would make the folding landscapes of the two riboswitches similar. This prediction can be tested in single molecule pulling experiments.

  3. Video Game Adapts To Brain Waves

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pope, Alan T.; Bogart, Edward H.

    1994-01-01

    Electronic training system based on video game developed to help children afflicted with attention-deficit disorder (ADD) learn to prolong their attention spans. Uses combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and adaptive control to encourage attentiveness. Monitors trainee's brain-wave activity: if EEG signal indicates attention is waning, system increases difficulty of game, forcing trainee to devote more attention to it. Game designed to make trainees want to win and, in so doing, learn to pay attention for longer times.

  4. Defending the Driniumor. Covering Force Operations in New Guinea, 1944 (Leavenworth Papers, Number 9)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-02-01

    remains Robert Ross Smith’s The Approach to the Philippines . This Leavenworth Paper adds tactical detail to a single phase of the complex operations...divisions, supported by the U.S. Pacific Fleet, attack Hollandia on 15 April as a step toward MacArt the Philippines . One week later, the JCS...controlling the southern approach to the Philippines and the Caroline Islands. The Japanese primary defense line, decided at an imperial conference on

  5. Air Photo Analysis, Photo Interpretation Logic, and Feature Extraction,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-06-01

    and at times predict their composi- tion and texture. Such events as deposition, sedimentation , and volcanism constantly add new materials to the...established by depositing sediments in low areas, by large lava flows, by exposure of flat-lying intrusive masses, and * by grinding or eroding an irregular...lying area of sediments can be called a plain only so long. There comes a time when the forces of erosion have so ex- tended and deepened the valleys

  6. Reviewing the Role of Mobile Learning Technology in Special Operations Forces Language Learning Contexts

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-03-01

    could be used as a change-of-pace option to add variety to IAT and increase (or regain) student engagement . It is important to note language resources...courses’ virtual learning environment (VLE) so tutors could provide feedback (Belanger, 2005). The results of this study indicated that student ... engagement and interest in class discussions increased as a result of the iPods, and that location-independent access to digital course materials led to

  7. Human Factors Lessons Learned from Flight Testing Wingless Lifting Body Vehicles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Merlin, Peter William

    2014-01-01

    Since the 1960s, NASA, the Air Force, and now private industry have attempted to develop an operational human crewed reusable spacecraft with a wingless, lifting body configuration. This type of vehicle offers increased mission flexibility and greater reentry cross range than capsule type craft, and is particularly attractive due to the capability to land on a runway. That capability, however, adds complexity to the human factors engineering requirements of developing such aircraft.

  8. Techniques for Modeling Human Performance in Synthetic Environments: A Supplementary Review

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-06-01

    hours of practice and study is often mentioned (e.g., Simon & Chase, 1973)—the size of the dataset has made it difficult indeed to study real-time...cognition acts as a production system offers a framework for studying the human mind. Theory adds more precision to frameworks, and describes data...stress. If synthetic forces are to be used to test doctrine, the effect of training on expertise must be included. Expert behavior has been studied

  9. SUSTAINABILITY LOGISTICS BASING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OBJECTIVE DEMONSTRATION; SELECTED TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2018-03-22

    generators by not running them as often and reducing wet-stacking. Force Projection: If the IPDs of the microgrid replace, but don’t add to, the number...decrease generator run time, reduce fuel consumption, enable silent operation, and provide power redundancy for military applications. Important...it requires some failsafe features – run out of water, drive out of the sun. o Integration was a challenge; series of valves to run this experiment

  10. Substance abuse among high-risk sexual offenders: do measures of lifetime history of substance abuse add to the prediction of recidivism over actuarial risk assessment instruments?

    PubMed

    Looman, Jan; Abracen, Jeffrey

    2011-03-01

    There has been relatively little research on the degree to which measures of lifetime history of substance abuse add to the prediction of risk based on actuarial measures alone among sexual offenders. This issue is of relevance in that a history of substance abuse is related to relapse to substance using behavior. Furthermore, substance use has been found to be related to recidivism among sexual offenders. To investigate whether lifetime history of substance abuse adds to prediction over and above actuarial instruments alone, several measures of substance abuse were administered in conjunction with the Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG). The SORAG was found to be the most accurate actuarial instrument for the prediction of serious recidivism (i.e., sexual or violent) among the sample included in the present investigation. Complete information, including follow-up data, were available for 250 offenders who attended the Regional Treatment Centre Sex Offender Treatment Program (RTCSOTP). The Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) were used to assess lifetime history of substance abuse. The results of logistic regression procedures indicated that both the SORAG and the MAST independently added to the prediction of serious recidivism. The DAST did not add to prediction over the use of the SORAG alone. Implications for both the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders are discussed.

  11. Coaxial needle insertion assistant with enhanced force feedback.

    PubMed

    De Lorenzo, Danilo; Koseki, Yoshihiko; De Momi, Elena; Chinzei, Kiyoyuki; Okamura, Allison M

    2013-02-01

    Many medical procedures involving needle insertion into soft tissues, such as anesthesia, biopsy, brachytherapy, and placement of electrodes, are performed without image guidance. In such procedures, haptic detection of changing tissue properties at different depths during needle insertion is important for needle localization and detection of subsurface structures. However, changes in tissue mechanical properties deep inside the tissue are difficult for human operators to sense, because the relatively large friction force between the needle shaft and the surrounding tissue masks the smaller tip forces. A novel robotic coaxial needle insertion assistant, which enhances operator force perception, is presented. This one-degree-of-freedom cable-driven robot provides to the operator a scaled version of the force applied by the needle tip to the tissue, using a novel design and sensors that separate the needle tip force from the shaft friction force. The ability of human operators to use the robot to detect membranes embedded in artificial soft tissue was tested under the conditions of 1) tip force and shaft force feedback, and 2) tip force only feedback. The ratio of successful to unsuccessful membrane detections was significantly higher (up to 50%) when only the needle tip force was provided to the user.

  12. Closed loop problems in biomechanics. Part II--an optimization approach.

    PubMed

    Vaughan, C L; Hay, J G; Andrews, J G

    1982-01-01

    A closed loop problem in biomechanics may be defined as a problem in which there are one or more closed loops formed by the human body in contact with itself or with an external system. Under certain conditions the problem is indeterminate--the unknown forces and torques outnumber the equations. Force transducing devices, which would help solve this problem, have serious drawbacks, and existing methods are inaccurate and non-general. The purposes of the present paper are (1) to develop a general procedure for solving closed loop problems; (2) to illustrate the application of the procedure; and (3) to examine the validity of the procedure. A mathematical optimization approach is applied to the solution of three different closed loop problems--walking up stairs, vertical jumping and cartwheeling. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the method described is reasonably successful for predicting horizontal and vertical reaction forces at the distal segments although problems exist for predicting the points of application of these forces; (2) the results provide some support for the notion that the human neuromuscular mechanism attempts to minimize the joint torques and thus, to a certain degree, the amount of muscular effort; (3) in the validation procedure it is desirable to have a force device for each of the distal segments in contact with a fixed external system; and (4) the method is sufficiently general to be applied to all classes of closed loop problems.

  13. 47 CFR 36.2 - Fundamental principles underlying procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fundamental principles underlying procedures... Fundamental principles underlying procedures. (a) The following general principles underlie the procedures... operating forces on a unit basis (e.g., conversation-minute-kilometers per message, weighted standard work...

  14. 32 CFR 644.136 - Leasing guidelines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... with present procedures for military leases. (2) Air Force. Upon receipt of a lease request approved by Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, or an Air Force major command, the appropriate Division or District Engineer will... Guard requirements will be transmitted to DAEN-REA-L through Headquarters, U.S. Air Force. (i) Upon...

  15. 32 CFR 644.136 - Leasing guidelines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... with present procedures for military leases. (2) Air Force. Upon receipt of a lease request approved by Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, or an Air Force major command, the appropriate Division or District Engineer will... Guard requirements will be transmitted to DAEN-REA-L through Headquarters, U.S. Air Force. (i) Upon...

  16. 32 CFR 644.136 - Leasing guidelines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... with present procedures for military leases. (2) Air Force. Upon receipt of a lease request approved by Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, or an Air Force major command, the appropriate Division or District Engineer will... Guard requirements will be transmitted to DAEN-REA-L through Headquarters, U.S. Air Force. (i) Upon...

  17. 32 CFR 644.136 - Leasing guidelines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... with present procedures for military leases. (2) Air Force. Upon receipt of a lease request approved by Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, or an Air Force major command, the appropriate Division or District Engineer will... Guard requirements will be transmitted to DAEN-REA-L through Headquarters, U.S. Air Force. (i) Upon...

  18. 32 CFR 644.136 - Leasing guidelines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... with present procedures for military leases. (2) Air Force. Upon receipt of a lease request approved by Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, or an Air Force major command, the appropriate Division or District Engineer will... Guard requirements will be transmitted to DAEN-REA-L through Headquarters, U.S. Air Force. (i) Upon...

  19. Force law in material media, hidden momentum and quantum phases

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kholmetskii, Alexander L., E-mail: alkholmetskii@gmail.com; Missevitch, Oleg V.; Yarman, T.

    We address to the force law in classical electrodynamics of material media, paying attention on the force term due to time variation of hidden momentum of magnetic dipoles. We highlight that the emergence of this force component is required by the general theorem, deriving zero total momentum for any static configuration of charges/currents. At the same time, we disclose the impossibility to add this force term covariantly to the Lorentz force law in material media. We further show that the adoption of the Einstein–Laub force law does not resolve the issue, because for a small electric/magnetic dipole, the density ofmore » Einstein–Laub force integrates exactly to the same equation, like the Lorentz force with the inclusion of hidden momentum contribution. Thus, none of the available expressions for the force on a moving dipole is compatible with the relativistic transformation of force, and we support this statement with a number of particular examples. In this respect, we suggest applying the Lagrangian approach to the derivation of the force law in a magnetized/polarized medium. In the framework of this approach we obtain the novel expression for the force on a small electric/magnetic dipole, with the novel expression for its generalized momentum. The latter expression implies two novel quantum effects with non-topological phases, when an electric dipole is moving in an electric field, and when a magnetic dipole is moving in a magnetic field. These phases, in general, are not related to dynamical effects, because they are not equal to zero, when the classical force on a dipole is vanishing. The implications of the obtained results are discussed.« less

  20. Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program - RDX Type II Class 5 Standard, Data Set 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sandstrom, Mary M.; Brown, Geoffrey W.; Preston, Daniel N.

    This document describes the results of the first reference sample material—RDX Type II Class 5—examined in the proficiency study for small-scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing of explosive materials for the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program. The IDCA program is conducting proficiency testing on homemade explosives (HMEs). The reference sample materials are being studied to establish the accuracy of traditional explosives safety testing for each performing laboratory. These results will be used for comparison to results from testing HMEs. This effort, funded by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), ultimately will put the issues of safe handling of thesemore » materials in perspective with standard military explosives. The results of the study will add SSST testing results for a broad suite of different HMEs to the literature, potentially suggest new guidelines and methods for HME testing, and possibly establish what are the needed accuracies in SSST testing to develop safe handling practices. Described here are the results for impact, friction, electrostatic discharge, and scanning calorimetry analysis of a reference sample of RDX Type II Class 5. The results from each participating testing laboratory are compared using identical test material and preparation methods wherever possible. Note, however, the test procedures differ among the laboratories. These results are then compared to historical data from various sources. The performers involved are Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Air Force Research Laboratory/ RXQL (AFRL), Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, (IHD-NSWC), and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). These tests are conducted as a proficiency study in order to establish some consistency in test protocols, procedures, and experiments and to understand how to compare results when test protocols are not identical.« less

  1. A real-time haptic interface for interventional radiology procedures.

    PubMed

    Moix, Thomas; Ilic, Dejan; Fracheboud, Blaise; Zoethout, Jurjen; Bleuler, Hannes

    2005-01-01

    Interventional Radiology (IR) is a minimally-invasive surgery technique (MIS) where guidewires and catheters are steered in the vascular system under X-ray imaging. In order to perform these procedures, a radiologist has to be correctly trained to master hand-eye coordination, instrument manipulation and procedure protocols. This paper proposes a computer-assisted training environment dedicated to IR. The system is composed of a virtual reality (VR) simulation of the anatomy of the patient linked to a robotic interface providing haptic force feedback.The paper focuses on the requirements, design and prototyping of a specific part of the haptic interface dedicated to catheters. Translational tracking and force feedback on the catheter is provided by two cylinders forming a friction drive arrangement. The whole friction can be set in rotation with an additional motor providing torque feedback. A force and a torque sensor are integrated in the cylinders for direct measurement on the catheter enabling disturbance cancellation with a close-loop force control strategy.

  2. Driving reconnection in sheared magnetic configurations with forced fluctuations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pongkitiwanichakul, Peera; Makwana, Kirit D.; Ruffolo, David

    2018-02-01

    We investigate reconnection of magnetic field lines in sheared magnetic field configurations due to fluctuations driven by random forcing by means of numerical simulations. The simulations are performed with an incompressible, pseudo-spectral magnetohydrodynamics code in 2D where we take thick, resistively decaying, current-sheet like sheared magnetic configurations which do not reconnect spontaneously. We describe and test the forcing that is introduced in the momentum equation to drive fluctuations. It is found that the forcing does not change the rate of decay; however, it adds and removes energy faster in the presence of the magnetic shear structure compared to when it has decayed away. We observe that such a forcing can induce magnetic reconnection due to field line wandering leading to the formation of magnetic islands and O-points. These reconnecting field lines spread out as the current sheet decays with time. A semi-empirical formula is derived which reasonably explains the formation and spread of O-points. We find that reconnection spreads faster with stronger forcing and longer correlation time of forcing, while the wavenumber of forcing does not have a significant effect. When the field line wandering becomes large enough, the neighboring current sheets with opposite polarity start interacting, and then the magnetic field is rapidly annihilated. This work is useful to understand how forced fluctuations can drive reconnection in large scale current structures in space and astrophysical plasmas that are not susceptible to reconnection.

  3. Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Hydrodynamic forces on inundated bridge decks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Afzal, Bushra; Guo, Junke; Kerenyi, Kornel

    2010-11-01

    The hydraulic forces experienced by an inundated bridge deck have great importance in the design of bridges. Flood flows or hurricane add significant hydrodynamic loading on bridges, possibly resulting in failure of the bridge superstructures. The objective of the study is to establish validated computational practice to address research needs of the transportation community via computational fluid dynamic simulations. The reduced scale experiments conducted at Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center establish the foundations of validated computational practices to address the research needs of the transportation community. Three bridge deck prototypes were used: a typical six-girder highway bridge deck, a three-girder deck, and a streamlined deck designed to better withstand the hydraulic forces. Results of the study showed that the streamlined deck significantly reduces drag, lift, and moment coefficient in comparison to the other bridge deck types. The CFD results matched the experimental data in terms of the relationship between inundation ratio and force measured at the bridge. The results of the present research will provide a tool for designing new bridges and retrofitting old ones.

  4. 49 CFR 40.209 - What procedural problems do not result in the cancellation of a test and do not require correction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... significant adverse effect on the right of the employee to have a fair and accurate test. Matters that do not result in the cancellation of a test include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) A minor... that does not affect employee protections under this part (e.g., the collector's failure to add bluing...

  5. 49 CFR 40.209 - What procedural problems do not result in the cancellation of a test and do not require correction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... significant adverse effect on the right of the employee to have a fair and accurate test. Matters that do not result in the cancellation of a test include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) A minor... that does not affect employee protections under this part (e.g., the collector's failure to add bluing...

  6. Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit Informatics Software Design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wright, Theodore

    2014-01-01

    This is a description of the software design for the 2013 edition of the Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) Informatics computer assembly. The Informatics system is an optional part of the space suit assembly. It adds a graphical interface for displaying suit status, timelines, procedures, and caution and warning information. In the future it will display maps with GPS position data, and video and still images captured by the astronaut.

  7. 40 CFR 86.529-98 - Road load force and inertia weight determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Road load force and inertia weight... Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles; Test Procedures § 86.529-98 Road load force and... of this section. Velocity V is in km/h and force (F) is in newtons. The forces given by the equation...

  8. Upconverting Nanoparticles as Optical Sensors of Nano- to Micro-Newton Forces.

    PubMed

    Lay, Alice; Wang, Derek S; Wisser, Michael D; Mehlenbacher, Randy D; Lin, Yu; Goodman, Miriam B; Mao, Wendy L; Dionne, Jennifer A

    2017-07-12

    Mechanical forces affect a myriad of processes, from bone growth to material fracture to touch-responsive robotics. While nano- to micro-Newton forces are prevalent at the microscopic scale, few methods have the nanoscopic size and signal stability to measure them in vivo or in situ. Here, we develop an optical force-sensing platform based on sub-25 nm NaYF 4 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Yb 3+ , Er 3+ , and Mn 2+ . The lanthanides Yb 3+ and Er 3+ enable both photoluminescence and upconversion, while the energetically coupled d-metal Mn 2+ adds force tunability through its crystal field sensitivity. Using a diamond anvil cell to exert up to 3.5 GPa pressure or ∼10 μN force per particle, we track stress-induced spectral responses. The red (660 nm) to green (520, 540 nm) emission ratio varies linearly with pressure, yielding an observed color change from orange to red for α-NaYF 4 and from yellow-green to green for d-metal optimized β-NaYF 4 when illuminated in the near infrared. Consistent readouts are recorded over multiple pressure cycles and hours of illumination. With the nanoscopic size, a dynamic range of 100 nN to 10 μN, and photostability, these nanoparticles lay the foundation for visualizing dynamic mechanical processes, such as stress propagation in materials and force signaling in organisms.

  9. Upconverting Nanoparticles as Optical Sensors of Nano- to Micro-Newton Forces

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lay, Alice; Wang, Derek S.; Wisser, Michael D.

    Mechanical forces affect a myriad of processes, from bone growth to material fracture to touch-responsive robotics. While nano- to micro-Newton forces are prevalent at the microscopic scale, few methods have the nanoscopic size and signal stability to measure them in vivo or in situ. Here, we develop an optical force-sensing platform based on sub-25 nm NaYF4 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Yb3+, Er3+, and Mn2+. The lanthanides Yb3+ and Er3+ enable both photoluminescence and upconversion, while the energetically coupled d-metal Mn2+ adds force tunability through its crystal field sensitivity. Using a diamond anvil cell to exert up to 3.5 GPa pressuremore » or ~10 μN force per particle, we track stress-induced spectral responses. The red (660 nm) to green (520, 540 nm) emission ratio varies linearly with pressure, yielding an observed color change from orange to red for α-NaYF4 and from yellow–green to green for d-metal optimized β-NaYF4 when illuminated in the near infrared. Consistent readouts are recorded over multiple pressure cycles and hours of illumination. With the nanoscopic size, a dynamic range of 100 nN to 10 μN, and photostability, these nanoparticles lay the foundation for visualizing dynamic mechanical processes, such as stress propagation in materials and force signaling in organisms.« less

  10. Upconverting Nanoparticles as Optical Sensors of Nano- to Micro-Newton Forces

    DOE PAGES

    Lay, Alice; Wang, Derek S.; Wisser, Michael D.; ...

    2017-06-13

    Mechanical forces affect a myriad of processes, from bone growth to material fracture to touch-responsive robotics. While nano- to micro-Newton forces are prevalent at the microscopic scale, few methods have the nanoscopic size and signal stability to measure them in vivo or in situ. Here, we develop an optical force-sensing platform based on sub-25 nm NaYF 4 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Yb 3+, Er 3+, and Mn 2+. The lanthanides Yb 3+ and Er 3+ enable both photoluminescence and upconversion, while the energetically coupled d-metal Mn 2+ adds force tunability through its crystal field sensitivity. IN using a diamond anvilmore » cell to exert up to 3.5 GPa pressure or ~10 μN force per particle, we track stress-induced spectral responses. The red (660 nm) to green (520, 540 nm) emission ratio varies linearly with pressure, yielding an observed color change from orange to red for α-NaYF 4 and from yellow–green to green for d-metal optimized β-NaYF 4 when illuminated in the near infrared. We record consistent readouts over multiple pressure cycles and hours of illumination. With the nanoscopic size, a dynamic range of 100 nN to 10 μN, and photostability, these nanoparticles lay the foundation for visualizing dynamic mechanical processes, such as stress propagation in materials and force signaling in organisms.« less

  11. Upconverting Nanoparticles as Optical Sensors of Nano- to Micro-Newton Forces

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lay, Alice; Wang, Derek S.; Wisser, Michael D.

    Mechanical forces affect a myriad of processes, from bone growth to material fracture to touch-responsive robotics. While nano- to micro-Newton forces are prevalent at the microscopic scale, few methods have the nanoscopic size and signal stability to measure them in vivo or in situ. Here, we develop an optical force-sensing platform based on sub-25 nm NaYF 4 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Yb 3+, Er 3+, and Mn 2+. The lanthanides Yb 3+ and Er 3+ enable both photoluminescence and upconversion, while the energetically coupled d-metal Mn 2+ adds force tunability through its crystal field sensitivity. IN using a diamond anvilmore » cell to exert up to 3.5 GPa pressure or ~10 μN force per particle, we track stress-induced spectral responses. The red (660 nm) to green (520, 540 nm) emission ratio varies linearly with pressure, yielding an observed color change from orange to red for α-NaYF 4 and from yellow–green to green for d-metal optimized β-NaYF 4 when illuminated in the near infrared. We record consistent readouts over multiple pressure cycles and hours of illumination. With the nanoscopic size, a dynamic range of 100 nN to 10 μN, and photostability, these nanoparticles lay the foundation for visualizing dynamic mechanical processes, such as stress propagation in materials and force signaling in organisms.« less

  12. Determination of brace forces caused by construction loads and wind loads during bridge construction.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2014-04-01

    The first objective of this study was to develop procedures for determining bracing forces during bridge construction. : Numerical finite element models and analysis techniques were developed for evaluating brace forces induced by construction loads ...

  13. An efficient and numerically stable procedure for generating sextic force fields in normal mode coordinates

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sibaev, M.; Crittenden, D. L., E-mail: deborah.crittenden@canterbury.ac.nz

    In this paper, we outline a general, scalable, and black-box approach for calculating high-order strongly coupled force fields in rectilinear normal mode coordinates, based upon constructing low order expansions in curvilinear coordinates with naturally limited mode-mode coupling, and then transforming between coordinate sets analytically. The optimal balance between accuracy and efficiency is achieved by transforming from 3 mode representation quartic force fields in curvilinear normal mode coordinates to 4 mode representation sextic force fields in rectilinear normal modes. Using this reduced mode-representation strategy introduces an error of only 1 cm{sup −1} in fundamental frequencies, on average, across a sizable testmore » set of molecules. We demonstrate that if it is feasible to generate an initial semi-quartic force field in curvilinear normal mode coordinates from ab initio data, then the subsequent coordinate transformation procedure will be relatively fast with modest memory demands. This procedure facilitates solving the nuclear vibrational problem, as all required integrals can be evaluated analytically. Our coordinate transformation code is implemented within the extensible PyPES library program package, at http://sourceforge.net/projects/pypes-lib-ext/.« less

  14. Intradiscal Pressure Changes during Manual Cervical Distraction: A Cadaveric Study

    PubMed Central

    Gudavalli, M. R.; Potluri, T.; Carandang, G.; Havey, R. M.; Voronov, L. I.; Cox, J. M.; Rowell, R. M.; Kruse, R. A.; Joachim, G. C.; Patwardhan, A. G.; Henderson, C. N. R.; Goertz, C.

    2013-01-01

    The objective of this study was to measure intradiscal pressure (IDP) changes in the lower cervical spine during a manual cervical distraction (MCD) procedure. Incisions were made anteriorly, and pressure transducers were inserted into each nucleus at lower cervical discs. Four skilled doctors of chiropractic (DCs) performed MCD procedure on nine specimens in prone position with contacts at C5 or at C6 vertebrae with the headpiece in different positions. IDP changes, traction forces, and manually applied posterior-to-anterior forces were analyzed using descriptive statistics. IDP decreases were observed during MCD procedure at all lower cervical levels C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7. The mean IDP decreases were as high as 168.7 KPa. Mean traction forces were as high as 119.2 N. Posterior-to-anterior forces applied during manual traction were as high as 82.6 N. Intraclinician reliability for IDP decrease was high for all four DCs. While two DCs had high intraclinician reliability for applied traction force, the other two DCs demonstrated only moderate reliability. IDP decreases were greatest during moving flexion and traction. They were progressevely less pronouced with neutral traction, fixed flexion and traction, and generalized traction. PMID:24023587

  15. Introduction to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections.

    PubMed

    Solomkin, Joseph S; Mazuski, John; Blanchard, Joan C; Itani, Kamal M F; Ricks, Philip; Dellinger, E Patchen; Allen, George; Kelz, Rachel; Reinke, Caroline E; Berríos-Torres, Sandra I

    Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common type of health-care-associated infection (HAI) and adds considerably to the individual, social, and economic costs of surgical treatment. This document serves to introduce the updated Guideline for the Prevention of SSI from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). The Core section of the guideline addresses issues relevant to multiple surgical specialties and procedures. The second procedure-specific section focuses on a high-volume, high-burden procedure: Prosthetic joint arthroplasty. While many elements of the 1999 guideline remain current, others warrant updating to incorporate new knowledge and changes in the patient population, operative techniques, emerging pathogens, and guideline development methodology.

  16. Improvements to the fastex flutter analysis computer code

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Taylor, Ronald F.

    1987-01-01

    Modifications to the FASTEX flutter analysis computer code (UDFASTEX) are described. The objectives were to increase the problem size capacity of FASTEX, reduce run times by modification of the modal interpolation procedure, and to add new user features. All modifications to the program are operable on the VAX 11/700 series computers under the VAX operating system. Interfaces were provided to aid in the inclusion of alternate aerodynamic and flutter eigenvalue calculations. Plots can be made of the flutter velocity, display and frequency data. A preliminary capability was also developed to plot contours of unsteady pressure amplitude and phase. The relevant equations of motion, modal interpolation procedures, and control system considerations are described and software developments are summarized. Additional information documenting input instructions, procedures, and details of the plate spline algorithm is found in the appendices.

  17. Installation Restoration Program Records Search for Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-06-01

    VPAL3C CZaer:ori Sabt~rv* 1 0.22 (’tus qU~ijy PFA TWP"th’..y CSwbscore 2 0.30 plus .’.C.121 tieSakscoro x 0.24 plusTHIS ?AaE I’S B3SI QU . Fw.TV .r...Negative 4A.1 tion. Chicago 6. Illinois.) Flash Point. Tag Closed Cup. min 100’ F. 1380 F. 4.4.1 3. REQUIREMENTS1 Sulfuric add ab- sorption . max. ..- 5% 9

  18. A Multiscale Atomistic Method for Long-Range Electrical Interactions with Application to Multiphysics Calculations in Functional Materials

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-02-28

    centered at a point, x, where the field is to be evaluated , and the far field region Ωfar. A single unit cell located at x′ in the far field region is...successive shell adds less total error as expected because of the increased distance from evaluation point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108...of freedom in the system to more manageable levels. Energies or forces in the system are then evaluated through numerical quadrature rules and allow

  19. Communication and Miscommunication.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-10-01

    piece" to refer to the NOZZLE. When A adds the relative clause "that has four gizmos on it," J is forced to drop the NOZZLE as the referent and to select...a red plastic piece [J starts for NOZZLE] 14. that has four gizmos on it. [J switches to SLIDEVALVE] J: 15. Yes. A: 16. Okay. Put the ungizmoed end...not always be specified explicitly since some postconditions automatically come with an action. If the speaker said the utterance "fit the red gizmo

  20. United States Air Force Summer Research Program 1991. Graduate Student Research Program (GSRP) Reports. Volume 6. Armstrong Laboratory, Wilford Hall Medical Center

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-01-09

    necrosis and thus maintain viability during acute condi- tions of ischemia and compartmental syndrome . It is not known. how- ever, if HBO will continue...adds considerable incentive for flexible database design. Adding to the complexity of the database are emitter sector coverage, radiating power, and...rather, it supplements the time-weighted average(TWA) limit where there are recognized acute effects from a substance whose toxic effects are

  1. AAFES Gas Station at Creech Air Force Base Environmental Assessment

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-07-01

    Creech AFB with modern fuel refilling services. The AAFES Gas Station would include a one pump two hose filling station, a concrete slab, a 12,000...at both end of each hose , a shear valve at the base of the pump, and an electronic sensor in the dispenser to detect fuel leakage. In order to add...designed and built with leak prevention safety equipment. Shut- off valves would be installed at both ends of each hose . A shear valve would be

  2. Second-Language Skills for All? Analyzing a Proposed Language Requirement for U.S. Air Force Officers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-01-01

    data cannot say for certain whether such a change would result directly from learning a lan- guage. The direction of causality could be the reverse... saying they were not even moderately likely do so. These findings add to what we know from the research literature (that those who know a second...rather than give way to the perhaps less effective and certainly less efficient avenue of language training. That is not to say that language

  3. Design of a haptic device with grasp and push-pull force feedback for a master-slave surgical robot.

    PubMed

    Hu, Zhenkai; Yoon, Chae-Hyun; Park, Samuel Byeongjun; Jo, Yung-Ho

    2016-07-01

    We propose a portable haptic device providing grasp (kinesthetic) and push-pull (cutaneous) sensations for optical-motion-capture master interfaces. Although optical-motion-capture master interfaces for surgical robot systems can overcome the stiffness, friction, and coupling problems of mechanical master interfaces, it is difficult to add haptic feedback to an optical-motion-capture master interface without constraining the free motion of the operator's hands. Therefore, we utilized a Bowden cable-driven mechanism to provide the grasp and push-pull sensation while retaining the free hand motion of the optical-motion capture master interface. To evaluate the haptic device, we construct a 2-DOF force sensing/force feedback system. We compare the sensed force and the reproduced force of the haptic device. Finally, a needle insertion test was done to evaluate the performance of the haptic interface in the master-slave system. The results demonstrate that both the grasp force feedback and the push-pull force feedback provided by the haptic interface closely matched with the sensed forces of the slave robot. We successfully apply our haptic interface in the optical-motion-capture master-slave system. The results of the needle insertion test showed that our haptic feedback can provide more safety than merely visual observation. We develop a suitable haptic device to produce both kinesthetic grasp force feedback and cutaneous push-pull force feedback. Our future research will include further objective performance evaluations of the optical-motion-capture master-slave robot system with our haptic interface in surgical scenarios.

  4. SCEW: a Microsoft Excel add-in for easy creation of survival curves.

    PubMed

    Khan, Haseeb Ahmad

    2006-07-01

    Survival curves are frequently used for reporting survival or mortality outcomes of experimental pharmacological/toxicological studies and of clinical trials. Microsoft Excel is a simple and widely used tool for creation of numerous types of graphic presentations however it is difficult to create step-wise survival curves in Excel. Considering the familiarity of clinicians and biomedical scientists with Excel, an algorithm survival curves in Excel worksheet (SCEW) has been developed for easy creation of survival curves directly in Excel worksheets. The algorithm has been integrated in the form of Excel add-in for easy installation and usage. The program is based on modification of frequency data for binary break-up using the spreadsheet formula functions whereas a macro subroutine automates the creation of survival curves. The advantages of this program are simple data input, minimal procedural steps and the creation of survival curves in the familiar confines of Excel.

  5. Coal desulfurization by a microwave process. Technical progress report, February 1981-May 1981

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zavitsanos, P.D.; Golden, J.A.; Bleiler, K.W.

    1981-01-01

    Desulfurization experiments were carried out using the 6KW, 2450 MHz Flow Reactor System. The program has been directed toward the combination of physical separation and microwave exposure with NaOH to increase sulfur removal. The following treatment sequence has been used with good results: (1) expose 1/4 to 1 in. raw coal to microwaves; (2) crush the treated coal and separate the sample into float/sink fractions; (3) add NaOH to the float fraction and re-expose the sample to microwaves; and (4) wash, add NaOH and expose to microwaves. This procedure has produced up to 89% sulfur removal and as low asmore » 0.31 numberS/10/sup 6/ Btu. Ash analyses on these samples showed as high as 40% reduction. The calorific value was increased in almost all samples. Data on sulfur, ash and calorific values are summarized.« less

  6. Interference Canceller Based on Cycle-and-Add Property for Single User Detection in DS-CDMA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hettiarachchi, Ranga; Yokoyama, Mitsuo; Uehara, Hideyuki; Ohira, Takashi

    In this paper, performance of a novel interference cancellation technique for the single user detection in a direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system has been investigated. This new algorithm is based on the Cycle-and-Add property of PN (Pseudorandom Noise) sequences and can be applied for both synchronous and asynchronous systems. The proposed strategy provides a simple method that can delete interference signals one by one in spite of the power levels of interferences. Therefore, it is possible to overcome the near-far problem (NFP) in a successive manner without using transmit power control (TPC) techniques. The validity of the proposed procedure is corroborated by computer simulations in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-nonselective fading channels. Performance results indicate that the proposed receiver outperforms the conventional receiver and, in many cases, it does so with a considerable gain.

  7. Monte Carlo study of holding forces for tank cars on grades

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-04-15

    This paper describes a numerical procedure to examine the holding forces needed to secure a cut of railroad tank cars staged on a grade during loading and unloading operations. Holding forces are created by applying emergency brake systems and blocki...

  8. Applying extrusive orthodontic force without compromising the obturated canal space.

    PubMed

    Keinan, David; Szwec, Jerard; Matas, Avital; Moshonov, Joshua; Yitschaky, Oded

    2013-08-01

    Complicated tooth fractures can be the unfortunate result of orofacial trauma and can offer a therapeutic challenge for the dentist. A conservative solution for gaining supragingival sound tooth structure often includes orthodontic forced eruption. Usually, this procedure is carried out by applying extrusive force after placing a provisional acrylic Richmond crown on the tooth. However, this long-lasting dental treatment may jeopardize the coronal seal of the root canal space, leading to microleakage and endodontic failure. Orthodontic forced eruption demands application of force to an attachment connected to the remaining short clinical crown. In this article, the authors describe a case in which they used a new technique for orthodontic forced eruption of a traumatized tooth, using an extracanal attachment to apply extrusion force, and discuss its possible advantages and limitations. An extracanal attachment approach for orthodontic forced eruption without compromising the obturated canal space can be a solution for posttraumatic crown fracture. Practical Implications. The described procedure for forced eruption by using an extracanal pin attachment is efficient and convenient and does not require the clinician to apply force directly to the provisional crown. Therefore, during the application of force, there is less risk of loosening the provisional crown, and the canal space is kept intact with either the final restoration or dressing material.

  9. An unusual petition for posthumous sperm retrieval? What does it add to the debate?

    PubMed

    Sarig, Shelly; Tabak, Nili

    2008-06-01

    Posthumous sperm retrieval is still a controversial procedure. The Israel Ministry of Health has recently issued guidelines to regulate the procedure and a recent unusual petition in Israel for posthumous retrieval sheds new and interesting light on the dilemmas involved. This paper examines the petition, both in its own right and by comparing it to the more frequent situation where the surviving partner of a suddenly deceased man petitions for his sperm to be collected for insemination into herself. The analysis considers the best interests of the child to be born, the good of other family members, the wishes of the deceased and the interests of society as a whole.

  10. Prototype of a computer method for designing and analyzing heating, ventilating and air conditioning proportional, electronic control systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barlow, Steven J.

    1986-09-01

    The Air Force needs a better method of designing new and retrofit heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) control systems. Air Force engineers currently use manual design/predict/verify procedures taught at the Air Force Institute of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, HVAC Control Systems course. These existing manual procedures are iterative and time-consuming. The objectives of this research were to: (1) Locate and, if necessary, modify an existing computer-based method for designing and analyzing HVAC control systems that is compatible with the HVAC Control Systems manual procedures, or (2) Develop a new computer-based method of designing and analyzing HVAC control systems that is compatible with the existing manual procedures. Five existing computer packages were investigated in accordance with the first objective: MODSIM (for modular simulation), HVACSIM (for HVAC simulation), TRNSYS (for transient system simulation), BLAST (for building load and system thermodynamics) and Elite Building Energy Analysis Program. None were found to be compatible or adaptable to the existing manual procedures, and consequently, a prototype of a new computer method was developed in accordance with the second research objective.

  11. Short-Term Intraocular Pressure Rise during Locally Induced Force by Ophthalmologic Surgery Applications.

    PubMed

    Koelbl, Philipp Simon; Werner, Jens Ulrich; Enders, Christian; Lingenfelder, Christian; Koch, Frank H J; Hessling, Martin

    2018-05-31

    Surgical or diagnostic procedures are often accompanied by a short-term increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). A short-term increase in IOP can occur during refractive procedures, vitreoretinal surgery, transillumination, photocoagulation, or cryocoagulation. A porcine eye model was chosen (n = 89) to compile comparable study data and to de termine correlations between the force induced and the resulting intraocular pressure while excluding the effect of surgeons. The IOP was measured in the anterior chamber. IOP changes were induced by applying an external force and measured when using a cannula, trocar, and cryocoagulation (n = 32), and correlations between force and resulting IOP were assessed (n = 57). A correlation was noted between the force induced and the IOP increase, which showed a linear dependency. The insertion of a 29-G cannula caused a mean ΔIOP value of 49.1 ± 2.9 mm Hg and an external force of 0.76 N, and that of a 23-G trocar 344.4 ± 5.9 mm Hg and 6.09 N, respectively. The rise in IOP during a simulated cryocoagulation reached values between 57.3 ± 14.8 mm Hg (cryoprobe tip diameter: 0.9 mm) and 130.3 ± 2.9 mm Hg (cryoprobe tip diameter: 7.0 mm). The values of the forces applied can be converted into the resulting IOP based on the specific action. Surgical or diagnostic procedures should, therefore, be evaluated with regard to preexisting pathologies, such as glaucoma. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  12. Multidrug transport protein norM from vibrio cholerae simultaneously couples to sodium- and proton-motive force.

    PubMed

    Jin, Yoonhee; Nair, Asha; van Veen, Hendrik W

    2014-05-23

    Membrane transporters belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family mediate the efflux of unrelated pharmaceuticals from the interior of the cell in organisms ranging from bacteria to human. These proteins are thought to fall into two classes that couple substrate efflux to the influx of either Na(+) or H(+). We studied the energetics of drug extrusion by NorM from Vibrio cholerae in proteoliposomes in which purified NorM protein was functionally reconstituted in an inside-out orientation. We establish that NorM simultaneously couples to the sodium-motive force and proton-motive force, and biochemically identify protein regions and residues that play important roles in Na(+) or H(+) binding. As the positions of protons are not available in current medium and high-resolution crystal structures of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters, our findings add a previously unrecognized parameter to mechanistic models based of these structures. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  13. Formation routes and structural details of the CaF1 layer on Si(111) from high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rahe, Philipp; Smith, Emily F.; Wollschläger, Joachim; Moriarty, Philip J.

    2018-03-01

    We investigate the CaF1/Si (111 ) interface using a combination of high-resolution scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy operated at cryogenic temperature as well as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Submonolayer CaF1 films grown at substrate temperatures between 550 and 600 ∘C on Si (111 ) surfaces reveal the existence of two island types that are distinguished by their edge topology, nucleation position, measured height, and inner defect structure. Our data suggest a growth model where the two island types are the result of two reaction pathways during CaF1 interface formation. A key difference between these two pathways is identified to arise from the excess species during the growth process, which can be either fluorine or silicon. Structural details as a result of this difference are identified by means of high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy and add insights into the growth mode of this heteroepitaxial insulator-on-semiconductor system.

  14. 32 CFR 644.368 - Procedures and responsibilities for care, custody, accountability, and maintenance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... their jurisdiction until final disposition is effected. (c) Department of the Air Force property. Pursuant to AFR 87-4, the Department of the Air Force is responsible for care and custody of excess Air Force real property. However, upon request by the Air Force DEs may assume custody if no costs are...

  15. 32 CFR 644.368 - Procedures and responsibilities for care, custody, accountability, and maintenance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... property under their jurisdiction until final disposition is effected. (c) Department of the Air Force property. Pursuant to AFR 87-4, the Department of the Air Force is responsible for care and custody of excess Air Force real property. However, upon request by the Air Force DEs may assume custody if no costs...

  16. 32 CFR 644.368 - Procedures and responsibilities for care, custody, accountability, and maintenance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... property under their jurisdiction until final disposition is effected. (c) Department of the Air Force property. Pursuant to AFR 87-4, the Department of the Air Force is responsible for care and custody of excess Air Force real property. However, upon request by the Air Force DEs may assume custody if no costs...

  17. 32 CFR 644.475 - Excessing Army military and Air Force property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Excessing Army military and Air Force property... the Related Land) § 644.475 Excessing Army military and Air Force property. The procedures for placing... commander concerned is required. When, under AFR 87-4, the responsible DE is called upon by the Air Force...

  18. 78 FR 26255 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Texas; Approval of Texas Low...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-06

    ...EPA is granting direct final approval of a revision to the Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP) concerning the Texas Low Emission Diesel fuel rules. The revisions clarify existing definitions and provisions, revise the approval procedures for alternative diesel fuel formulations, add new registration requirements, and update the rule to reflect the current program status because the rule is now fully implemented. This SIP revision meets statutory requirements.

  19. 78 FR 26301 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Texas; Approval of Texas Low...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-06

    ...EPA is proposing approval of a revision to the Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP) concerning the Texas Low Emission Diesel (TxLED) Fuel rules. The revisions clarify existing definitions and provisions, revise the approval procedures for alternative diesel fuel formulations, add new registration requirements, and update the rule to reflect the current program status because the rule is now fully implemented. This SIP revision meets statutory requirements.

  20. 21 CFR Appendix A to Part 74 - The Procedure for Determining Ether Soluble Material in D&C Red Nos. 6 and 7

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... throughout method.) Allow the funnel to stand until the layers have separated. Transfer the bottom (aqueous) layer to a 500 mL separatory funnel, add 100 mL of ether, stopper and shake for one minute. When the layers have separated, drain off the bottom layer into a waste beaker. Pour the ether layer in the 500 mL...

  1. Gastrodia elata Bl. Attenuated learning deficits induced by forced-swimming stress in the inhibitory avoidance task and Morris water maze.

    PubMed

    Chen, Pei-Ju; Liang, Keng-Chen; Lin, Hui-Chen; Hsieh, Ching-Liang; Su, Kuan-Pin; Hung, Mei-Chu; Sheen, Lee-Yan

    2011-06-01

    This study adopted the forced-swimming paradigm to induce depressive symptoms in rats and evaluated the effects on learning and memory processing. Furthermore, the effects of the water extract of Gastrodia elata Bl., a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, on amnesia in rats subjected to the forced-swimming procedure were studied. Rats were subjected to the forced-swimming procedure, and the inhibitory avoidance task and Morris water maze were used to assess learning and memory performance. The acquisition of the two tasks was mostly impaired after the 15-minute forced-swimming procedure. Administration of the water extract of G. elata Bl. for 21 consecutive days at a dosage of 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of body weight significantly improved retention in the inhibitory avoidance test, and the lower dose showed a better effect than the higher one and the antidepressant fluoxetine (18 mg/kg of body weight). In the Morris water maze, the lower dose of the water extract of G. elata Bl. significantly improved retention by shortening escape latency in the first test session and increasing the time in searching the target zone during the probe test. These findings suggest that water extracts of G. elata Bl. ameliorate the learning and memory deficits induced by forced swimming.

  2. Directional migration of leading-edge mesoderm generates physical forces: Implication in Xenopus notochord formation during gastrulation.

    PubMed

    Hara, Yusuke; Nagayama, Kazuaki; Yamamoto, Takamasa S; Matsumoto, Takeo; Suzuki, Makoto; Ueno, Naoto

    2013-10-15

    Gastrulation is a dynamic tissue-remodeling process occurring during early development and fundamental to the later organogenesis. It involves both chemical signals and physical factors. Although much is known about the molecular pathways involved, the roles of physical forces in regulating cellular behavior and tissue remodeling during gastrulation have just begun to be explored. Here, we characterized the force generated by the leading edge mesoderm (LEM) that migrates preceding axial mesoderm (AM), and investigated the contribution of LEM during Xenopus gastrulation. First, we constructed an assay system using micro-needle which could measure physical forces generated by the anterior migration of LEM, and estimated the absolute magnitude of the force to be 20-80nN. Second, laser ablation experiments showed that LEM could affect the force distribution in the AM (i.e. LEM adds stretch force on axial mesoderm along anterior-posterior axis). Third, migrating LEM was found to be necessary for the proper gastrulation cell movements and the establishment of organized notochord structure; a reduction of LEM migratory activity resulted in the disruption of mediolateral cell orientation and convergence in AM. Finally, we found that LEM migration cooperates with Wnt/PCP to form proper notochord. These results suggest that the force generated by the directional migration of LEM is transmitted to AM and assists the tissue organization of notochord in vivo independently of the regulation by Wnt/PCP. We propose that the LEM may have a mechanical role in aiding the AM elongation through the rearrangement of force distribution in the dorsal marginal zone. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Numerical investigation of internal high-speed viscous flows using a parabolic technique

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Anderson, O. L.; Power, G. D.

    1985-01-01

    A feasibility study has been conducted to assess the applicability of an existing parabolic analysis (ADD-Axisymmetric Diffuser Duct), developed previously for subsonic viscous internal flows, to mixed supersonic/subsonic flows with heat addition simulating a SCRAMJET combustor. A study was conducted with the ADD code modified to include additional convection effects in the normal momentum equation when supersonic expansion and compression waves are present. A set of test problems with weak shock and expansion waves have been analyzed with this modified ADD method and stable and accurate solutions were demonstrated provided the streamwise step size was maintained at levels larger than the boundary layer displacement thickness. Calculations made with further reductions in step size encountered departure solutions consistent with strong interaction theory. Calculations were also performed for a flow field with a flame front in which a specific heat release was imposed to simulate a SCRAMJET combustor. In this case the flame front generated relatively thick shear layers which aggravated the departure solution problem. Qualitatively correct results were obtained for these cases using a marching technique with the convective terms in the normal momentum equation suppressed. It is concluded from the present study that for the class of problems where strong viscous/inviscid interactions are present a global iteration procedure is required.

  4. Impaction Force Influences Taper-Trunnion Stability in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

    PubMed

    Danoff, Jonathan R; Longaray, Jason; Rajaravivarma, Raga; Gopalakrishnan, Ananthkrishnan; Chen, Antonia F; Hozack, William J

    2018-07-01

    This study investigated the influence of femoral head impaction force, number of head strikes, the energy sequence of head strikes, and head offset on the strength of the taper-trunnion junction. Thirty titanium-alloy trunnions were mated with 36-mm zero-offset cobalt-chromium femoral heads of corresponding taper angle. A drop tower impacted the head with 2.5J or 8.25J, resulting in 6 kN or 14 kN impaction force, respectively, in a single strike or combinations of 6 kN + 14 kN or 14 kN + 14 kN. In addition, ten 36-mm heads with -5 and +5 offset were impacted with sequential 14 kN + 14 kN strikes. Heads were subsequently disassembled using a screw-driven mechanical testing frame, and peak distraction force was recorded. Femoral head pull-off force was 45% the strike force, and heads struck with a single 14 kN impact showed a pull-off force twice that of the 6 kN group. Two head strikes with the same force did not improve pull-off force for either 6 kN (P = .90) or 14 kN (P = .90). If the forces of the 2 impactions varied, but either impact measured 14 kN, a 51% higher pull-off force was found compared to impactions of either 6 kN or 6 kN + 6 kN. Femoral head offset did not significantly change the pull-off force among -5, 0, and +5 heads (P = .37). Femoral head impaction force influenced femoral head trunnion-taper stability, whereas offset did not affect pull-off force. Multiple head strikes did not add additional stability, as long as a single strike achieved 14 kN force at the mallet-head impactor interface. Insufficient impaction force may lead to inadequate engagement of the trunnion-taper junction. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Authentication systems for securing clinical documentation workflows. A systematic literature review.

    PubMed

    Schwartze, J; Haarbrandt, B; Fortmeier, D; Haux, R; Seidel, C

    2014-01-01

    Integration of electronic signatures embedded in health care processes in Germany challenges health care service and supply facilities. The suitability of the signature level of an eligible authentication procedure is confirmed for a large part of documents in clinical practice. However, the concrete design of such a procedure remains unclear. To create a summary of usable user authentication systems suitable for clinical workflows. A Systematic literature review based on nine online bibliographic databases. Search keywords included authentication, access control, information systems, information security and biometrics with terms user authentication, user identification and login in title or abstract. Searches were run between 7 and 12 September 2011. Relevant conference proceedings were searched manually in February 2013. Backward reference search of selected results was done. Only publications fully describing authentication systems used or usable were included. Algorithms or purely theoretical concepts were excluded. Three authors did selection independently. DATA EXTRACTION AND ASSESSMENT: Semi-structured extraction of system characteristics was done by the main author. Identified procedures were assessed for security and fulfillment of relevant laws and guidelines as well as for applicability. Suitability for clinical workflows was derived from the assessments using a weighted sum proposed by Bonneau. Of 7575 citations retrieved, 55 publications meet our inclusion criteria. They describe 48 different authentication systems; 39 were biometric and nine graphical password systems. Assessment of authentication systems showed high error rates above European CENELEC standards and a lack of applicability of biometric systems. Graphical passwords did not add overall value compared to conventional passwords. Continuous authentication can add an additional layer of safety. Only few systems are suitable partially or entirely for use in clinical processes. Suitability strongly depends on national or institutional requirements. Four authentication systems seem to fulfill requirements of authentication procedures for clinical workflows. Research is needed in the area of continuous authentication with biometric methods. A proper authentication system should combine all factors of authentication implementing and connecting secure individual measures.

  6. Influence of Policy Instruction on Police Use of Deadly Force: Exploratory Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Daugherty, Glenn R.

    2017-01-01

    Police organizations routinely train their officers on the use of deadly force policy and procedures. The topic addressed in this study is that deadly force policy training may be inadequate in combining policy along with discretion in shoot or no shoot situations often resulting in improper use of deadly force. The problem is the training that…

  7. Cost-effectiveness of robotic-assisted laparoscopic procedures in urologic surgery in the USA.

    PubMed

    Sleeper, Joshua; Lotan, Yair

    2011-01-01

    New technologies such as robotic-assisted surgery are constantly introduced clinically without a complete understanding of benefits and costs. This article will discuss general concepts of health economics and apply them to the application of robotic-assisted surgery to urologic procedures. Utilization of robotic surgery has increased dramatically in recent years. This has been most dramatic in the treatment of prostate cancer. The robot adds significant costs from acquisition, maintenance and recurrent instrument costs. These added costs, thus far, have not been associated with significant improvement in outcomes over 'pure' laparoscopy or open procedures. In order for the robot to be cost effective, there needs to be an improvement in efficacy over alternative approaches, and a decrease in costs of the robot or instrumentation. Robotic surgery has not been found to be cost effective in urology. Future studies may yet reveal indirect benefits that are not yet obvious.

  8. Extending the Implicit Association Test (IAT): Assessing Consumer Attitudes Based on Multi-Dimensional Implicit Associations

    PubMed Central

    Gattol, Valentin; Sääksjärvi, Maria; Carbon, Claus-Christian

    2011-01-01

    Background The authors present a procedural extension of the popular Implicit Association Test (IAT; [1]) that allows for indirect measurement of attitudes on multiple dimensions (e.g., safe–unsafe; young–old; innovative–conventional, etc.) rather than on a single evaluative dimension only (e.g., good–bad). Methodology/Principal Findings In two within-subjects studies, attitudes toward three automobile brands were measured on six attribute dimensions. Emphasis was placed on evaluating the methodological appropriateness of the new procedure, providing strong evidence for its reliability, validity, and sensitivity. Conclusions/Significance This new procedure yields detailed information on the multifaceted nature of brand associations that can add up to a more abstract overall attitude. Just as the IAT, its multi-dimensional extension/application (dubbed md-IAT) is suited for reliably measuring attitudes consumers may not be consciously aware of, able to express, or willing to share with the researcher [2], [3]. PMID:21246037

  9. Targeting Accuracy, Procedure Times and User Experience of 240 Experimental MRI Biopsies Guided by a Clinical Add-On Navigation System

    PubMed Central

    Busse, Harald; Riedel, Tim; Garnov, Nikita; Thörmer, Gregor; Kahn, Thomas; Moche, Michael

    2015-01-01

    Objectives MRI is of great clinical utility for the guidance of special diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The majority of such procedures are performed iteratively ("in-and-out") in standard, closed-bore MRI systems with control imaging inside the bore and needle adjustments outside the bore. The fundamental limitations of such an approach have led to the development of various assistance techniques, from simple guidance tools to advanced navigation systems. The purpose of this work was to thoroughly assess the targeting accuracy, workflow and usability of a clinical add-on navigation solution on 240 simulated biopsies by different medical operators. Methods Navigation relied on a virtual 3D MRI scene with real-time overlay of the optically tracked biopsy needle. Smart reference markers on a freely adjustable arm ensured proper registration. Twenty-four operators – attending (AR) and resident radiologists (RR) as well as medical students (MS) – performed well-controlled biopsies of 10 embedded model targets (mean diameter: 8.5 mm, insertion depths: 17-76 mm). Targeting accuracy, procedure times and 13 Likert scores on system performance were determined (strong agreement: 5.0). Results Differences in diagnostic success rates (AR: 93%, RR: 88%, MS: 81%) were not significant. In contrast, between-group differences in biopsy times (AR: 4:15, RR: 4:40, MS: 5:06 min:sec) differed significantly (p<0.01). Mean overall rating was 4.2. The average operator would use the system again (4.8) and stated that the outcome justifies the extra effort (4.4). Lowest agreement was reported for the robustness against external perturbations (2.8). Conclusions The described combination of optical tracking technology with an automatic MRI registration appears to be sufficiently accurate for instrument guidance in a standard (closed-bore) MRI environment. High targeting accuracy and usability was demonstrated on a relatively large number of procedures and operators. Between groups with different expertise there were significant differences in experimental procedure times but not in the number of successful biopsies. PMID:26222443

  10. 19 CFR 12.99 - Procedures for permitted entry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the facts of the import transaction as follows: (1) Importation pursuant to Armed Forces contract. (i) The names of the contracting Armed Forces branch and its supplier; (ii) The specific contract relied.... (2) Importation by a branch, member, or employee of the Armed Forces. (i) The name of the Armed...

  11. 19 CFR 12.99 - Procedures for permitted entry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... the facts of the import transaction as follows: (1) Importation pursuant to Armed Forces contract. (i) The names of the contracting Armed Forces branch and its supplier; (ii) The specific contract relied.... (2) Importation by a branch, member, or employee of the Armed Forces. (i) The name of the Armed...

  12. A novel toolpath force prediction algorithm using CAM volumetric data for optimizing robotic arthroplasty.

    PubMed

    Kianmajd, Babak; Carter, David; Soshi, Masakazu

    2016-10-01

    Robotic total hip arthroplasty is a procedure in which milling operations are performed on the femur to remove material for the insertion of a prosthetic implant. The robot performs the milling operation by following a sequential list of tool motions, also known as a toolpath, generated by a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. The purpose of this paper is to explain a new toolpath force prediction algorithm that predicts cutting forces, which results in improving the quality and safety of surgical systems. With a custom macro developed in the CAM system's native application programming interface, cutting contact patch volume was extracted from CAM simulations. A time domain cutting force model was then developed through the use of a cutting force prediction algorithm. The second portion validated the algorithm by machining a hip canal in simulated bone using a CNC machine. Average cutting forces were measured during machining using a dynamometer and compared to the values predicted from CAM simulation data using the proposed method. The results showed the predicted forces matched the measured forces in both magnitude and overall pattern shape. However, due to inconsistent motion control, the time duration of the forces was slightly distorted. Nevertheless, the algorithm effectively predicted the forces throughout an entire hip canal procedure. This method provides a fast and easy technique for predicting cutting forces during orthopedic milling by utilizing data within a CAM software.

  13. Analysis of U. S. Military Mobilizations, Demobilizations, and Peacetime Force Maintenance From 1890 to 1991

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-09-01

    after every war were Ltill larger than prewar forces antil Vietnam. 5 . A new balance between reserve and active forces was struck after every war. The ...action again Japan by the "Flying Tigers" in China. 19 4 2 , April 9 . After couragious resistance American forces on Bataan surrender. 1942, April 18... new policies and procedures are considered to maintain effectiveness of military forces. Over the years the U.S. has reduced military forces several

  14. Biomechanics and Strength of Manual Wheelchair Users

    PubMed Central

    Ambrosio, Fabrisia; Boninger, Michael L; Souza, Aaron L; Fitzgerald, Shirley G; Koontz, Alicia M; Cooper, Rory A

    2005-01-01

    Background/Objective: Previous investigations have identified muscular imbalance in the shoulder as a source of pain and injury in manual wheelchair users. Our aim was to determine whether a correlation exists between strength and pushrim biomechanical variables including: tangential (motive) force (Ft), radial force (Fr), axial force (Fz), total (resultant) force (FR), fraction of effective force (FEF), and cadence. Methods: Peak isokinetic shoulder strength (flexion [FLX], extension [EXT], abduction [ABD], adduction [ADD], internal rotation [IR], and external rotation [ER]) was tested in 22 manual wheelchair users with a BioDex system for 5 repetitions at 60°/s. Subjects then propelled their own manual wheelchair at 2 speeds, 0.9 m/s (2 mph) and 1.8 m/s (4 mph), for 20 seconds, during which kinematic (OPTOTRAK) and kinetic (SMARTWHEEL) data were collected. Peak isokinetic forces in the cardinal planes were correlated with pushrim biomechanical variables. Results: All peak torque strength variables correlated significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with Ft, Fr, and FR, but were not significantly correlated with Fz, FEF, or cadence. Finally, there were no relationships found between muscle strength ratios (for example, FLX/EXT) and Ft, Fr, FR, Fz, or FEF. Conclusion: There was a correlation between strength and force imparted to the pushrim among wheelchair users; however, there was no correlation found in wheelchair propulsion or muscle imbalance. Clinicians should be aware of this, and approach strength training and training in wheelchair propulsion techniques separately. PMID:16869087

  15. The impact of forced displacement in World War II on mental health disorders and health-related quality of life in late life - a German population-based study.

    PubMed

    Freitag, Simone; Braehler, Elmar; Schmidt, Silke; Glaesmer, Heide

    2013-02-01

    Long-term effects of World War II experiences affect psychological and physical health in aged adults. Forced displacement as a traumatic event is associated with increased psychological burden even after several decades. This study investigates the contribution of forced displacement as a predictor for mental health disorders and adds the aspect of health-related quality of life (QoL). A sample of 1,659 German older adults aged 60-85 years was drawn from a representative survey. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), somatoform symptoms, depressive syndromes, and health-related QoL were assessed as outcome variables. Chi-square and t-test statistics examined differences between displaced and non-displaced people. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the impact of forced displacement on mental health disorders and QoL. Displaced people reported higher levels of PTSD, depressive and somatoform symptoms, and lower levels of health-related QoL. Displacement significantly predicted PTSD and somatoform symptoms in late life, but not depressive disorders. Health-related QoL was predicted by forced displacement and socio-demographic variables. Forced displacement is associated with an elevated risk for PTSD and somatoform symptoms and lowered health-related QoL in aged adults. Its unique impact declines after including socio-demographic variables. Long-term consequences of forced displacement need further investigations and should include positive aspects in terms of resilience and protective coping strategies.

  16. Effects of Screw Configuration on the Preload Force of Implant-Abutment Screws.

    PubMed

    Zipprich, Holger; Rathe, Florian; Pinz, Sören; Schlotmann, Luca; Lauer, Hans-Christoph; Ratka, Christoph

    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tightening torque, screw head angle, and thread number on the preload force of abutment screws. The test specimens consisted of three self-manufactured components (ie, a thread sleeve serving as an implant analog, an abutment analog, and an abutment screw). The abutment screws were fabricated with metric M1.6 external threads. The thread number varied between one and seven threads. The screw head angles were produced in eight varying angles (30 to 180 degrees). A sensor unit simultaneously measured the preload force of the screw and the torsion moment inside the screw shank. The tightening of the screw with the torque wrench was performed in five steps (15 to 35 Ncm). The torque wrench was calibrated before each step. Only the tightening torque and screw head angle affected the resulting preload force of the implant-abutment connection. The thread number had no effect. There was an approximately linear correlation between tightening torque and preload force. The tightening torque and screw head angle were the only study parameters that affected the resulting preload force of the abutment screw. The results obtained from this experiment are valid only for a single torque condition. Further investigations are needed that analyze other parameters that affect preload force. Once these parameters are known, it will add value for a strong, but detachable connection between the implant and abutment. Short implants and flat-to-flat connections especially will benefit significantly from this knowledge.

  17. Asymmetric Invisibility Cloaking Theory Based on the Concept of Effective Electromagnetic Fields for Photons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amemiya, Tomo; Taki, Masato; Kanazawa, Toru; Arai, Shigehisa

    2014-03-01

    The asymmetric invisibility cloak is a special cloak with unidirectional transparency; that is, a person in the cloak should not be seen from the outside but should be able to see the outside. Existing theories of designing invisibility cloaks cannot be used for asymmetric cloaking because they are based on the transformation optics that uses Riemannian metric tensor independent of direction. To overcome this problem, we propose introducing directionality into invisibility cloaking. Our theory is based on ``the theory of effective magnetic field for photons'' proposed by Stanford University.[2] To realize asymmetric cloaking, we have extended the Stanford's theory to add the concept of ``effective electric field for photons.'' The effective electric and the magnetic field can be generated using a photonc resonator lattice, which is a kind of metamaterial. The Hamiltonian for photons in these fields has a similar form to that of the Hamiltonian for a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. An incident photon therefore experiences a ``Lorentz-like'' and a ``Coulomb-like'' force and shows asymmetric movement depending of its travelling direction.We show the procedure of designing actual invisibility cloaks using the photonc resonator lattice and confirm their operation with the aid of computer simulation. This work was supported in part by the MEXT; JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers #24246061, #24656046, #25420321, #25420322.

  18. Relationship of strategic and theater nuclear forces

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nitze, P.

    Policies governing the development of nuclear forces and the relationship of strategic and theater forces are examined from five different levels: (1) the hierarchy of 10 levels of potential violence, (2) the military implications at each interface between levels, (3) historical aspects of changes in the way nuclear weapons are viewed, (4) strategic rivalry, and (5) a global challenge. The challenge acknowledges that the Soviet perception differs from the American view as is indicated by the extent of the Soviet civil defense effort. These differences are detailed in terms of specific weaponry and their effect on negotiations to limit strategicmore » nuclear arms. There has been a tendency to avoid the facts of the Soviet nuclear capability and, once faced, to avoid deciding what action to take. The author contends that the appropriate step is to deny the Soviets intercontinental nuclear supremacy by maintaining equivalent levels of force. To do this the U.S. must add strategically based cruise missiles and should consider including gray-area systems to its negotiations. The author also advocates deterrence by the unilateral use of nuclear weapons for self-defense and the use of short-range weapons by both sides on the edge of a battlefield. (DCK)« less

  19. Effect of attentional focus strategies on peak force and performance in the standing long jump.

    PubMed

    Wu, Will F W; Porter, Jared M; Brown, Lee E

    2012-05-01

    Significant benefits in standing long jump performance have been demonstrated when subjects were provided verbal instructions that promoted an external focus of attention compared with an internal focus of attention, suggesting differences in ground reaction forces. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate peak force and jump performance between internal and external focus of attention strategies. Untrained subjects were assigned to both experimental conditions in which verbal instructions were provided to promote either an external or internal focus of attention. All subjects completed a total number of 5 standing long jumps. The results of the study demonstrated that the external focus of attention condition elicited significantly greater jump distance (153.6 ± 38.6 cm) than the internal focus of attention condition (139.5 ± 46.7 cm). There were no significant differences observed between conditions in peak force (1429.8 ± 289.1 N and 1453.7 ± 299.7 N, respectively). The results add to the growing body of literature describing the training and learning benefits of an external focus of attention. Practitioners should create standardized verbal instructions using an external focus of attention to maximize standing long jump performance.

  20. Analyzing Aeroelasticity in Turbomachines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Reddy, T. S. R.; Srivastava, R.

    2003-01-01

    ASTROP2-LE is a computer program that predicts flutter and forced responses of blades, vanes, and other components of such turbomachines as fans, compressors, and turbines. ASTROP2-LE is based on the ASTROP2 program, developed previously for analysis of stability of turbomachinery components. In developing ASTROP2- LE, ASTROP2 was modified to include a capability for modeling forced responses. The program was also modified to add a capability for analysis of aeroelasticity with mistuning and unsteady aerodynamic solutions from another program, LINFLX2D, that solves the linearized Euler equations of unsteady two-dimensional flow. Using LINFLX2D to calculate unsteady aerodynamic loads, it is possible to analyze effects of transonic flow on flutter and forced response. ASTROP2-LE can be used to analyze subsonic, transonic, and supersonic aerodynamics and structural mistuning for rotors with blades of differing structural properties. It calculates the aerodynamic damping of a blade system operating in airflow so that stability can be assessed. The code also predicts the magnitudes and frequencies of the unsteady aerodynamic forces on the airfoils of a blade row from incoming wakes. This information can be used in high-cycle fatigue analysis to predict the fatigue lives of the blades.

  1. Advanced Spacesuit Informatics Software Design for Power, Avionics and Software Version 2.0

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wright, Theodore W.

    2016-01-01

    A description of the software design for the 2016 edition of the Informatics computer assembly of the NASAs Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU), also called the Advanced Spacesuit. The Informatics system is an optional part of the spacesuit assembly. It adds a graphical interface for displaying suit status, timelines, procedures, and warning information. It also provides an interface to the suit mounted camera for recording still images, video, and audio field notes.

  2. The Utilization of the Behavioral Sciences in Long Range Forecasting and Policy Planning

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1974-12-31

    partiticning. Therefore, to the conponents of the congressmn’s roll call vote analysis, one could legitimately add the category of " unicorns ." Perhaps this...this con- cept of dimension, " unicorns " are admissible. Given the above characteristics, category dimensions may serve two functions in social...composition. By way of example, the next procedure will attempt to develop a scheme whereby " unicorns " may be elimin- ated from the dimensional

  3. Industrial Water Analysis Program: A Critical Study.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-09-01

    Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio UMAMUION lTATEMNT A APtO.6UPbhtd3WJ 83 11 04 014’ X. .. . INDUSTRIAL WATER ANALYSIS PROGRAM: A CRITICAL STUDY Dennis C...Twhoo-17 (ATC) Wright-FPafewon AFB O 44 3 1S. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse aide if necessary and identify by block number) Industrial Water Analysis ...Boiler Water Analysis Preservation Procedures Air Force Industrial Water Stabilization Procedures 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side it necessary and

  4. GC/MS determination of amines following exhaustive trifluoroacetylation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Thomson, J.S.; Green, J.B.; McWilliams, T.B.

    An analytical method for trifluoroacetylation of aromatic amines and GC/MS of the resulting derivatives has been developed. The key feature of the method is its capability to differentiate d tertiary amines; since, using the conditions described in the report, most primary, secondary, an primary amines add two and secondary amines add one trifluoroacetyl group. In general, tertiary amines do not react. Since conventional trifluoroacetylation procedures introduce only a single trifluoroacetyl group into both primary and secondary aminess the procedure reported here improves GC/MS identification of the relatively large number of isomers of nitrogen compounds found in petroleum or similarly complexmore » mixtures. For example, using exhaustive trifluoroacetylation, it is possible to differentiate isomeric forms of C{sub 9}H{sub 11}N (e.g., cyclohexenopyridines, aminoindans, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and tetrahydroisoquinolines). Examples of the application of the method to petroleum and coal liquid products are provided. Because of the limited thermal stability of the derivatives of primary amines, the method is applicable only to distillates boiling below 370{degrees}C (700{degrees}F). To expedite utilization of the method by others, GC retention indices and relative GC/MS total ion current response factors for 102 trifluoroacetyl derivatives are included in the body of the report and their 70 ev mass spectra are reported in Appendix A.« less

  5. Flexible add-on solution for MR image-guided interventions in a closed-bore scanner environment.

    PubMed

    Busse, Harald; Garnov, Nikita; Thörmer, Gregor; Zajonz, Dirk; Gründer, Wilfried; Kahn, Thomas; Moche, Michael

    2010-09-01

    MRI is of great clinical utility for the guidance of various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In a standard closed-bore scanner, the simplest approach is to manipulate the instrument outside the bore and move the patient into the bore for reference and control imaging only. Without navigational assistance, however, such an approach can be difficult, inaccurate, and time consuming. Therefore, an add-on navigation solution is described that addresses these limitations. Patient registration is established by an automatic, robust, and fast (<30 sec) localization of table-mounted MR reference markers and the instrument is tracked optically. Good hand-eye coordination is provided by following the virtual instrument on MR images that are reconstructed in real time from the reference data. Needle displacements of 2.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 3.9 +/- 2.4 mm were determined in a phantom (P < 0.05), depending on whether the reference markers were placed at smaller (98-139 mm) or larger (147-188 mm) distances from the isocenter. Clinical functionality of the navigation concept is demonstrated by a double oblique, subscapular hook-wire insertion in a patient with a body mass index of 30.1 kg/m(2). Ease of use, compactness, and flexibility of this technique suggest that it can be used for many other procedures in different body regions. More patient cases are needed to evaluate clinical performance and workflow. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  6. 78 FR 4134 - Notice of Intent To Prepare An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) On the Proposal To Relocate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-18

    ... Proposal To Relocate the 18th Aggressor Squadron From Eielson Air Force Base (EAFB), Alaska to Joint Base... Eielson AFB, AK AGENCY: Pacific Air Forces, United States Air Force, DOD. ACTION: Notice of Intent... Provisions of NEPA (40 CFR parts 1500-1508), and Air Force policy and procedures (32 CFR part 989), the Air...

  7. The Seismic Design of Waterfront Retaining Structures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-01-01

    of elastic backfill behind a rigid wall .... .......... .. 134 5.2 Pressure distributions on smooth rigid wall for l-g static horizontal body force...135 5.3 Resultant force and resultant moment on smooth rigid wall for l-g static horizontal body force...distributions on smooth rigid wall for 1-g static horizontal body force clearly showed the limitations of Woods simplified procedure when this condi- tion is not

  8. Surgical Force-Measuring Probe

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tcheng, Ping; Roberts, Paul W.; Scott, Charles E.

    1993-01-01

    Aerodynamic balance adapted to medical use. Electromechanical probe measures forces and moments applied to human tissue during surgery. Measurements used to document optimum forces and moments for surgical research and training. In neurosurgical research, measurements correlated with monitored responses of nerves. In training, students learn procedures by emulating forces used by experienced surgeons. Lightweight, pen-shaped probe easily held by surgeon. Cable feeds output signals to processing circuitry.

  9. A multi-scale residual-based anti-hourglass control for compatible staggered Lagrangian hydrodynamics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kucharik, M.; Scovazzi, Guglielmo; Shashkov, Mikhail Jurievich

    Hourglassing is a well-known pathological numerical artifact affecting the robustness and accuracy of Lagrangian methods. There exist a large number of hourglass control/suppression strategies. In the community of the staggered compatible Lagrangian methods, the approach of sub-zonal pressure forces is among the most widely used. However, this approach is known to add numerical strength to the solution, which can cause potential problems in certain types of simulations, for instance in simulations of various instabilities. To avoid this complication, we have adapted the multi-scale residual-based stabilization typically used in the finite element approach for staggered compatible framework. In this study, wemore » describe two discretizations of the new approach and demonstrate their properties and compare with the method of sub-zonal pressure forces on selected numerical problems.« less

  10. Causal Cognition, Force Dynamics and Early Hunting Technologies

    PubMed Central

    Gärdenfors, Peter; Lombard, Marlize

    2018-01-01

    With this contribution we analyze ancient hunting technologies as one way to explore the development of causal cognition in the hominin lineage. Building on earlier work, we separate seven grades of causal thinking. By looking at variations in force dynamics as a central element in causal cognition, we analyze the thinking required for different hunting technologies such as stabbing spears, throwing spears, launching atlatl darts, shooting arrows with a bow, and the use of poisoned arrows. Our interpretation demonstrates that there is an interplay between the extension of human body through technology and expanding our cognitive abilities to reason about causes. It adds content and dimension to the trend of including embodied cognition in evolutionary studies and in the interpretation of the archeological record. Our method could explain variation in technology sets between archaic and modern human groups. PMID:29483885

  11. A multi-scale residual-based anti-hourglass control for compatible staggered Lagrangian hydrodynamics

    DOE PAGES

    Kucharik, M.; Scovazzi, Guglielmo; Shashkov, Mikhail Jurievich; ...

    2017-10-28

    Hourglassing is a well-known pathological numerical artifact affecting the robustness and accuracy of Lagrangian methods. There exist a large number of hourglass control/suppression strategies. In the community of the staggered compatible Lagrangian methods, the approach of sub-zonal pressure forces is among the most widely used. However, this approach is known to add numerical strength to the solution, which can cause potential problems in certain types of simulations, for instance in simulations of various instabilities. To avoid this complication, we have adapted the multi-scale residual-based stabilization typically used in the finite element approach for staggered compatible framework. In this study, wemore » describe two discretizations of the new approach and demonstrate their properties and compare with the method of sub-zonal pressure forces on selected numerical problems.« less

  12. Enhancing pressure ulcer prevention using wound dressings: what are the modes of action?

    PubMed

    Call, Evan; Pedersen, Justin; Bill, Brian; Black, Joyce; Alves, Paulo; Brindle, C Tod; Dealey, Carol; Santamaria, Nick; Clark, Michael

    2015-08-01

    Recent clinical research has generated interest in the use of sacral wound dressings as preventive devices for patients at risk of ulceration. This study was conducted to identify the modes of action through which dressings can add to pressure ulcer prevention, for example, shear and friction force redistribution and pressure distribution. Bench testing was performed using nine commercially available dressings. The use of dressings can reduce the amplitude of shear stress and friction reaching the skin of patients at risk. They can also effectively redirect these forces to wider areas which minimises the mechanical loads upon skeletal prominences. Dressings can redistribute pressure based upon their effective Poisson ratio and larger deflection areas, providing greater load redistribution. © 2013 The Authors. International Wound Journal © 2013 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  13. Microscopic modeling of multi-lane highway traffic flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hodas, Nathan O.; Jagota, Anand

    2003-12-01

    We discuss a microscopic model for the study of multi-lane highway traffic flow dynamics. Each car experiences a force resulting from a combination of the desire of the driver to attain a certain velocity, aerodynamic drag, and change of the force due to car-car interactions. The model also includes multi-lane simulation capability and the ability to add and remove obstructions. We implement the model via a Java applet, which is used to simulate traffic jam formation, the effect of bottlenecks on traffic flow, and the existence of light, medium, and heavy traffic flow. The simulations also provide insight into how the properties of individual cars result in macroscopic behavior. Because the investigation of emergent characteristics is so common in physics, the study of traffic in this manner sheds new light on how the micro-to-macro transition works in general.

  14. The DRIL procedure for arteriovenous access ischemic steal: a controversial approach.

    PubMed

    Davidson, Ingemar; Beathard, Gerald; Gallieni, Maurizio; Ross, John

    2017-01-18

    The DRIL procedure first described in 1988 has long been considered the preferred treatment for arteriovenous access ischemic steal (AVAIS). At the time it was a brilliant concept and breakthrough. In the last decade, the DRIL procedure has become less used. With the increasing age of the dialysis population, patients developing AVAIS are more likely to be elderly with advanced peripheral arterial disease, making the distal revascularization anastomosis difficult and risky if not impossible to perform. In addition, the distal ligation of the main artery to the arm is something most surgeons are reluctant to do. The occlusion of the arterial bypass over time is not uncommon with recurrence of hand ischemia. The multistep DRIL procedure requires general anesthesia and the need to harvest the saphenous vein for the bypass, add to the surgical risk in patients with multiple co-morbidities. For these reasons, some surgeons prefer to do only the DR (distal re-vascularization) portion of the procedure omitting the IL (interval ligation). Increasing the bypass distance from the original anastomosis, makes this modification similar to the less invasive proximal arterial inflow (PAI) procedure. Because of changes in the patient population clinical presentation, most notably forearm atherosclerosis and with new technologies, this editorial addresses the current validity of the DRIL procedure as a safe option in treating AVAIS.

  15. Oxygen diffusion barrier coating

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Unnam, Jalaiah (Inventor); Clark, Ronald K. (Inventor)

    1987-01-01

    A method for coating a titanium panel or foil with aluminum and amorphous silicon to provide an oxygen barrier abrogating oxidation of the substrate metal is developed. The process is accomplished with known inexpensive procedures common in materials research laboratories, i.e., electron beam deposition and sputtering. The procedures are conductive to treating foil gage titanium and result in submicron layers which virtually add no weight to the titanium. There are no costly heating steps. The coatings blend with the substrate titanium until separate mechanical properties are subsumed by those of the substrate without cracking or spallation. This method appreciably increases the ability of titanium to mechanically perform in high thermal environments such as those witnessed on structures of space vehicles during re-entry

  16. Dimming LEDs with Phase-Cut Dimmers: The Specifier's Process for Maximizing Success

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Miller, Naomi J.; Poplawski, Michael E.

    2013-10-01

    This report reviews how phase-cut dimmers work, how LEDs differ from the incandescent lamps that the dimmers were historically designed to control, and how these differences can lead to complications when trying to dim LEDs. Compatibility between a specific LED source and a specific phase-cut dimmer is often unknown and difficult to assess, and ensuring compatibility adds complexity to the design, specification, bidding, and construction observation phases for new buildings and major remodel projects. To maximize project success, this report provides both general guidance and step-by-step procedures for designing phase-controlled LED dimming on both new and existing projects, as wellmore » as real-world examples of how to use those procedures.« less

  17. Coercion in psychiatry: the importance of extramural factors.

    PubMed

    Andersen, Kjeld; Nielsen, Bent

    2016-11-01

    Mechanical restraints and forced procedures in psychiatric wards are of major concern in Denmark and there is a desire to reduce these procedures to a minimum. So far, focus has primarily been on identifying and changing internal (intramural) factors when seeking to reduce coercion. To identify possible external (extramural) factors that may increase the risk of coercion during admission to a closed psychiatric ward. Using a retrospective case-controlled design, 235 patients admitted to a closed ward during 2011-2013 were randomly selected. Coercion comprised belt restraint, physical restraint, and forced medication. The data source was the electronic patient records, which include statutory information on all forced measures. Multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to calculate the risk (odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval)) of forced measures being used. Out of the 235 patients, 66 (28%) were subject to coercion. The time of forced procedures was predominately during the first hours after admission. The risk of forced measures being applied was significantly higher if patients were involuntarily admitted (OR = 6.4 (3.4-11.9)), or were acutely intoxicated by substances at the time of admission (OR = 3.7 (1.7-8.2)). Extramural factors should be included when mental health authorities plan efforts to reduce coercion during admission to psychiatric wards. A reduced threshold for admission and improved integrated effort between mental health services and treatment for substance abuse could improve the course of disease for this group of patients and reduce the need for involuntary admissions and subsequently coercion.

  18. 15 CFR 970.302 - Procedures and criteria for resolving conflicts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Procedures for Applications Based on Exploration Commenced Before June 28, 1980; Resolution of Conflicts... resolving conflicts. (a) General. This section governs the resolution of all conflicts between or among... conflict resolution procedures in force between the United States and its reciprocating states pursuant to...

  19. Dependence of the radiative forcing of the climate system on fossil fuel type

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nunez, L. I.

    2015-12-01

    Climate change mitigation strategies are greatly directed towards the reduction of CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion to limit warming to 2º C in this century. For example, the Clean Power Plan aims to reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector by 32% of 2005 levels by 2030 by increasing power plant efficiency but also by switching from coal-fired power plants to natural gas-fired power plants. It is important to understand the impact of such fuel switching on climate change. While all fossil fuels emit CO2, they also emit other pollutants with varying effects on climate, health and agriculture. First, The emission of CO2 per joule of energy produced varies significantly between coal, oil and natural gas. Second, the complexity that the co-emitted pollutants add to the perturbations in the climate system necessitates the detangling of radiative forcing for each type of fossil fuel. The historical (1850-2011) net radiative forcing of climate as a function of fuel type (coal, oil, natural gas and biofuel) is reconstructed. The results reveal the significant dependence of the CO2 and the non-CO2 forcing on fuel type. The CO2 forcing per joule of energy is largest for coal. Radiative forcing from the co-emitted pollutants (black carbon, methane, nitrogen oxides, organic carbon, sulfate aerosols) changes the global mean CO2 forcing attributed to coal and oil significantly. For natural gas, the CO2-only radiative forcing from gas is increased by about 60% when the co-emitted pollutants are included.

  20. Evaluation of a Micro-Force Sensing Handheld Robot for Vitreoretinal Surgery.

    PubMed

    Gonenc, Berk; Balicki, Marcin A; Handa, James; Gehlbach, Peter; Riviere, Cameron N; Taylor, Russell H; Iordachita, Iulian

    2012-12-20

    Highly accurate positioning is fundamental to the performance of vitreoretinal microsurgery. Of vitreoretinal procedures, membrane peeling is among the most prone to complications since extremely delicate manipulation of retinal tissue is required. Associated tool-to-tissue interaction forces are usually below the threshold of human perception, and the surgical tools are moved very slowly, within the 0.1-0.5 mm/s range. During the procedure, unintentional tool motion and excessive forces can easily give rise to vision loss or irreversible damage to the retina. A successful surgery includes two key features: controlled tremor-free tool motion and control of applied force. In this study, we present the potential benefits of a micro-force sensing robot in vitreoretinal surgery. Our main contribution is implementing fiber Bragg grating based force sensing in an active tremor canceling handheld micromanipulator, known as Micron, to measure tool-to-tissue interaction forces in real time. Implemented auditory sensory substitution assists in reducing and limiting forces. In order to test the functionality and performance, the force sensing Micron was evaluated in peeling experiments with adhesive bandages and with the inner shell membrane from chicken eggs. Our findings show that the combination of active tremor canceling together with auditory sensory substitution is the most promising aid that keeps peeling forces below 7 mN with a significant reduction in 2-20 Hz oscillations.

  1. Nucleation and Growth of Anodic Electrocrystallized Products on Ship Hull Zinc in Salt Water Solutions

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-12-01

    EO02 oxygen potential E62 standard oxygen potential a1 hydroxide ion activity ; i 15 emf electromo tive force 4FeSi iron silicide PPM parts per...indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to ASTM Specification D 1193, for Reagent Water. 3.3 Sodium ...Ocean Water 4.1 Dissolve 245.34g of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 40.94g of anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in 8 to 9 liters 4 of water. Add slowly

  2. Department of the Air Force Justification of Estimates for Fiscal Year 1982 Submitted to Congress January 1981.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-01-01

    51’ 7.6 TOTAL 159.6 B. Equipment (Non add) 1. Active Control Hardware LS (30.0) 2. Tiltmeters LS (20.0) 3. Accelerometers LS (40.0) C. Design (Non...p, rtion of the MSHP consists of two missions each involving the launch of two payloads ( sensor module and liquid engine module) by a non-standard...of non-contract vibration sensors , accelerometers, aind tern- I>er,)turo sensors with associated monitors and alarms will be installed on all ma Vtr

  3. What do we know about direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs?

    PubMed

    Calfee, John E

    2003-01-01

    Two papers, by Joel Weissman and colleagues and by Robert Dubois, add to our limited knowledge of the effects of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs. Their results reinforce the largely positive findings from consumer surveys, while adding valuable new data and insights. These suggest that DTC ads probably improve patients' health outcomes and do not tend to lead to inappropriate prescribing. DTC advertising is emerging as a positive force in health care markets, consistent with what is known about the effects of advertising in many other markets.

  4. Gas Flows in Rocket Motors. Volume 3. Appendix D. Computer Code Listings

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-08-01

    Information Service, where it will be available to the general public, including foreign nationals. Prepared for the Astronautics Laboratory (AFSC) Air Force...SYMIMETRIC TRANSONIC NOZZLE FLOW~ IN CENEPAL COORDINATE SYSTEM C+ USING TIME ITERATIVE CD/’CD SCHEME * c VIITH THIN-LAYER APPROXIMATED NAVIER-STOIKE’S...Q( 1,1, 2) ,RHOU( 1, 1)), DIMENSION ADD(4) DIMENSION PRE(4,4), PADD (4) C SAI-DIRECTION ENTRY ADDX COF:F=O.125D0*OMEGAX DO 70 J=I,,JL DO 70 I=1,IL IF

  5. Remodeling a tissue: subtraction adds insight.

    PubMed

    Axelrod, Jeffrey D

    2012-11-27

    Sculpting a body plan requires both patterning of gene expression and translating that pattern into morphogenesis. Developmental biologists have made remarkable strides in understanding gene expression patterning, but despite a long history of fascination with the mechanics of morphogenesis, knowledge of how patterned gene expression drives the emergence of even simple shapes and forms has grown at a slower pace. The successful merging of approaches from cell biology, developmental biology, imaging, engineering, and mathematical and computational sciences is now accelerating progress toward a fuller and better integrated understanding of the forces shaping morphogenesis.

  6. The effect of the electronic medical record on nurses' work.

    PubMed

    Robles, Jane

    2009-01-01

    The electronic medical record (EMR) is a workplace reality for most nurses. Its advantages include a single consolidated record for each person; capacity for data interfaces and alerts; improved interdisciplinary communication; and evidence-based decision support. EMRs can add to work complexity, by forcing better documentation of previously unrecorded data and/or because of poor design. Well-designed and well-implemented computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems can streamline nurses' work. Generational differences in acceptance of and facility with EMRs can be addressed through open, healthy communication.

  7. 77 FR 35365 - U.S. Air Force Scientific Advisory Board Notice of Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-13

    ... Board (SAB) meeting will take place 27-28 June 2012 at the Secretary of the Air Force Technical and... to provide input to the United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board should submit a written... Act and the procedures described in this paragraph. Written statements can be submitted to the...

  8. 48 CFR 22.1503 - Procedures for acquiring end products on the List of Products Requiring Contractor Certification...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... end products on the List of Products Requiring Contractor Certification as to Forced or Indentured... products on the List of Products Requiring Contractor Certification as to Forced or Indentured Child Labor... contracting officer must check the List of Products Requiring Contractor Certification as to Forced or...

  9. Cellular traction force recovery: An optimal filtering approach in two-dimensional Fourier space.

    PubMed

    Huang, Jianyong; Qin, Lei; Peng, Xiaoling; Zhu, Tao; Xiong, Chunyang; Zhang, Youyi; Fang, Jing

    2009-08-21

    Quantitative estimation of cellular traction has significant physiological and clinical implications. As an inverse problem, traction force recovery is essentially susceptible to noise in the measured displacement data. For traditional procedure of Fourier transform traction cytometry (FTTC), noise amplification is accompanied in the force reconstruction and small tractions cannot be recovered from the displacement field with low signal-noise ratio (SNR). To improve the FTTC process, we develop an optimal filtering scheme to suppress the noise in the force reconstruction procedure. In the framework of the Wiener filtering theory, four filtering parameters are introduced in two-dimensional Fourier space and their analytical expressions are derived in terms of the minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) optimization criterion. The optimal filtering approach is validated with simulations and experimental data associated with the adhesion of single cardiac myocyte to elastic substrate. The results indicate that the proposed method can highly enhance SNR of the recovered forces to reveal tiny tractions in cell-substrate interaction.

  10. Hydrophobic Hydration of Stimulus-Responsive Polyproteins Measured by Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zauscher, Stefan

    2007-03-01

    We present a new procedure to reduce and analyze force-extension data obtained by single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). This approach allows, for the first time, to infer effects of solvent quality and minor changes in molecular architecture on molecular-elasticity of individual (bio)macromolecules. Specifically, we show how changes in the effective Kuhn segment length can be used to interpret the hydrophobic hydration behavior of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs).Our results are intriguing as they suggest that SMFS in combination with our analysis procedure can be used to study the subtleties of polypeptide-water interactions on the single molecule level. We also report on the force-induced cis-trans isomerization of prolines, which are repeated every fifth residue in the main chain of ELPs. We present evidence for this mechanism by Monte Carlo simulations of the force-extension curves using an elastically coupled two-state system. Our results suggest that SMFS could be used to assay proline cis-trans isomerization in proteins and may thus have significant potential diagnostic utility.

  11. 16 CFR 1301.7 - Test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Test procedures. 1301.7 Section 1301.7 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS BAN OF UNSTABLE REFUSE BINS § 1301.7 Test procedures. (a) The refuse bin shall be tested by applying forces as...

  12. Civilian Manpower Cost Controls Automated Data System: Functional Description,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-12-07

    1.2 Project References 1-1 1.3 Terms and Abbreviations 1-3 2 SYSTEM SUMMARY 2-1 2.1 Background 2-1 2.2 Objective 2-2 2.3 Existing Methods and...Procedures 2-3 2.4 Proposed Methods and Procedures 2-18 2.5 Assumptions and Constraints 2-33 3 DETAILED CHARACTERISTICS 3-1 3.1 Specific Performance...of the most critical of Army resources and a key partner is the civilian work force. Maintanance of the large professional civilian work force

  13. Influence of hydrotherapy on clinical and cardiac autonomic function in migraine patients.

    PubMed

    Sujan, M U; Rao, M Raghavendra; Kisan, Ravikiran; Abhishekh, Hulegar A; Nalini, Atchayaram; Raju, Trichur R; Sathyaprabha, T N

    2016-01-01

    Migraine is associated with autonomic symptoms. The growing body of literature suggests that the dysfunctional autonomic nervous system might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Thermal therapies have been hypothesized to modulate these changes and alleviate pain. However, data regarding the efficacy of hydrotherapy in migraine remain scant. We evaluated the effect of add on hydrotherapy procedure (a hot arm and foot bath with ice massage to head) in migraine patients. Forty chronic migraine patients fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders II criteria were recruited from the neurology outpatient clinic. Patients were randomized to receive either hydrotherapy plus conventional pharmacological care (n = 20) or conventional medication only (n = 20). Hydrotherapy group received treatment with hot arm and foot bath (103°F to 110°F) and ice massage to head daily for 20 min for 45 days. Patients were assessed using headache impact test (HIT), visual analog scale for pain and cardiac autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV) before and after intervention period. There was a significant decrease in HIT score, frequency, and intensity of headaches following treatment in both the groups. However, it was more evident in add on hydrotherapy group compared to pharmacological treatment alone group. There was also significant improvement in the HRV parameters. In particular, there was a significant decrease in heart rate (P = 0.017), increase in high frequency (HF) (P = 0.014) and decrease in low frequency/HF ratio (P = 0.004) in add on hydrotherapy group. Our study shows that add on hydrotherapy enhanced the vagal tone in addition to reducing the frequency and intensity of headaches in migraine patients.

  14. Influence of hydrotherapy on clinical and cardiac autonomic function in migraine patients

    PubMed Central

    Sujan, M. U.; Rao, M. Raghavendra; Kisan, Ravikiran; Abhishekh, Hulegar A.; Nalini, Atchayaram; Raju, Trichur R.; Sathyaprabha, T. N.

    2016-01-01

    Background: Migraine is associated with autonomic symptoms. The growing body of literature suggests that the dysfunctional autonomic nervous system might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Thermal therapies have been hypothesized to modulate these changes and alleviate pain. However, data regarding the efficacy of hydrotherapy in migraine remain scant. We evaluated the effect of add on hydrotherapy procedure (a hot arm and foot bath with ice massage to head) in migraine patients. Methods: Forty chronic migraine patients fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders II criteria were recruited from the neurology outpatient clinic. Patients were randomized to receive either hydrotherapy plus conventional pharmacological care (n = 20) or conventional medication only (n = 20). Hydrotherapy group received treatment with hot arm and foot bath (103°F to 110°F) and ice massage to head daily for 20 min for 45 days. Patients were assessed using headache impact test (HIT), visual analog scale for pain and cardiac autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV) before and after intervention period. Results: There was a significant decrease in HIT score, frequency, and intensity of headaches following treatment in both the groups. However, it was more evident in add on hydrotherapy group compared to pharmacological treatment alone group. There was also significant improvement in the HRV parameters. In particular, there was a significant decrease in heart rate (P = 0.017), increase in high frequency (HF) (P = 0.014) and decrease in low frequency/HF ratio (P = 0.004) in add on hydrotherapy group. Conclusion: Our study shows that add on hydrotherapy enhanced the vagal tone in addition to reducing the frequency and intensity of headaches in migraine patients. PMID:26933356

  15. 28 CFR 552.23 - Confrontation avoidance procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... MANAGEMENT CUSTODY Use of Force and Application of Restraints on Inmates § 552.23 Confrontation avoidance... knowledge they have gained about the inmate and the incident, determine if use of force is necessary. [59 FR...

  16. Impact of North Atlantic Treaty Organization Policies and Procedures on Combined Medical Operations: Food and Water Safety and Veterinary Support.

    PubMed

    Stevenson, Timothy H; Chevalier, Nicole A; Scher, Gregory R; Burke, Ronald L

    2016-01-01

    Effective multilateral military operations such as those conducted by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) require close cooperation and standardization between member nations to ensure interoperability. Failure to standardize policies, procedures, and doctrine prior to the commencement of military operations will result in critical interoperability gaps, which jeopardize the health of NATO forces and mission success. To prevent these gaps from occurring, US forces must be actively involved with NATO standardization efforts such as the Committee of the Chiefs of Medical Services to ensure US interests are properly represented when NATO standards are developed and US doctrine and procedures will meet the established NATO requirements.

  17. Two for the Price of One: Integration of NEPA and NHPA Procedures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-09-01

    Air Force Base AFI Air Force Instruction AFPD Air Force Policy Directive AR Army Regulation AT/FP Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection BLM Bureau of...Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NEPA National Environmental Policy Act...example, the US Forest Service (USFS), US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) have programs which create military

  18. Fabrication of crown restoration retrofitting to existing clasps using CAD/CAM: fitness accuracy and retentive force.

    PubMed

    Ozawa, Daisuke; Suzuki, Yasunori; Kawamura, Noboru; Ohkubo, Chikahiro

    2015-04-01

    A crown restoration engaged by a clasp as an abutment tooth for a removable partial denture (RPD) occasionally might be removed and eliminated due to secondary caries or apical lesions. However, if the RPD is clinically acceptable without any problems and refabricating the RPD is not recommended, the new crown must be made to retrofit to the existing clasp of the RPD. This in vitro study evaluated the conventional and CAD/CAM procedures for retrofitting crown restorations to the existing clasps by measuring the fitness accuracy and the retentive forces. The crown restoration on #44 was fabricated with CP titanium and zirconium on the plaster model with #45 and #46 teeth missing to retrofit to the existing clasp using conventional thin coping and CAD/CAM procedures. The gap distance between the clasp (tip, shoulder, and rest regions) and the fabricated crown was measured using silicone impression material. The retentive force of the clasp was also measured, using an autograph at a crosshead speed of 50mm/min. The obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey's multiple comparison test (α=0.05). The CAD/CAM procedure caused significantly smaller gap distances in all of the clasp regions, as compared to the conventional procedure (p<0.05). The retentive force of the CAD/CAM crown was significantly higher than for the conventional one (p<0.05). When a crown restoration must be remade to retrofit an existing clasp, CAD/CAM fabrication can be recommended so that both appropriate fitness and retentive force are obtained. Copyright © 2015 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Fiber Optic Force Sensors for MRI-Guided Interventions and Rehabilitation: A Review

    PubMed Central

    Iordachita, Iulian I.; Tokuda, Junichi; Hata, Nobuhiko; Liu, Xuan; Seifabadi, Reza; Xu, Sheng; Wood, Bradford; Fischer, Gregory S.

    2017-01-01

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides both anatomical imaging with excellent soft tissue contrast and functional MRI imaging (fMRI) of physiological parameters. The last two decades have witnessed the manifestation of increased interest in MRI-guided minimally invasive intervention procedures and fMRI for rehabilitation and neuroscience research. Accompanying the aspiration to utilize MRI to provide imaging feedback during interventions and brain activity for neuroscience study, there is an accumulated effort to utilize force sensors compatible with the MRI environment to meet the growing demand of these procedures, with the goal of enhanced interventional safety and accuracy, improved efficacy and rehabilitation outcome. This paper summarizes the fundamental principles, the state of the art development and challenges of fiber optic force sensors for MRI-guided interventions and rehabilitation. It provides an overview of MRI-compatible fiber optic force sensors based on different sensing principles, including light intensity modulation, wavelength modulation, and phase modulation. Extensive design prototypes are reviewed to illustrate the detailed implementation of these principles. Advantages and disadvantages of the sensor designs are compared and analyzed. A perspective on the future development of fiber optic sensors is also presented which may have additional broad clinical applications. Future surgical interventions or rehabilitation will rely on intelligent force sensors to provide situational awareness to augment or complement human perception in these procedures. PMID:28652857

  20. OptForce: An Optimization Procedure for Identifying All Genetic Manipulations Leading to Targeted Overproductions

    PubMed Central

    Ranganathan, Sridhar; Suthers, Patrick F.; Maranas, Costas D.

    2010-01-01

    Computational procedures for predicting metabolic interventions leading to the overproduction of biochemicals in microbial strains are widely in use. However, these methods rely on surrogate biological objectives (e.g., maximize growth rate or minimize metabolic adjustments) and do not make use of flux measurements often available for the wild-type strain. In this work, we introduce the OptForce procedure that identifies all possible engineering interventions by classifying reactions in the metabolic model depending upon whether their flux values must increase, decrease or become equal to zero to meet a pre-specified overproduction target. We hierarchically apply this classification rule for pairs, triples, quadruples, etc. of reactions. This leads to the identification of a sufficient and non-redundant set of fluxes that must change (i.e., MUST set) to meet a pre-specified overproduction target. Starting with this set we subsequently extract a minimal set of fluxes that must actively be forced through genetic manipulations (i.e., FORCE set) to ensure that all fluxes in the network are consistent with the overproduction objective. We demonstrate our OptForce framework for succinate production in Escherichia coli using the most recent in silico E. coli model, iAF1260. The method not only recapitulates existing engineering strategies but also reveals non-intuitive ones that boost succinate production by performing coordinated changes on pathways distant from the last steps of succinate synthesis. PMID:20419153

  1. ASDS Guidelines Task Force: Consensus Recommendations Regarding the Safety of Lasers, Dermabrasion, Chemical Peels, Energy Devices, and Skin Surgery During and After Isotretinoin Use.

    PubMed

    Waldman, Abigail; Bolotin, Diana; Arndt, Kenneth A; Dover, Jeffrey S; Geronemus, Roy G; Chapas, Anne; Iyengar, Sanjana; Kilmer, Suzanne L; Krakowski, Andrew C; Lawrence, Naomi; Prather, Heidi B; Rohrer, Thomas E; Schlosser, Bethanee J; Kim, John Y S; Shumaker, Peter R; Spring, Leah K; Alam, Murad

    2017-10-01

    Currently, the isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) package insert contains language advising the discontinuation of isotretinoin for 6 months before performing cosmetic procedures, including waxing, dermabrasion, chemical peels, laser procedures, or incisional and excisional cold-steel surgery. It is common practice to follow this standard because of concerns regarding reports of sporadic adverse events and increased risk of scarring. To develop expert consensus regarding the safety of skin procedures, including resurfacing, energy device treatments, and incisional and excisional procedures, in the setting of concurrent or recent isotretinoin use. The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery authorized a task force of content experts to review the evidence and provide guidance. First, data were extracted from the literature. This was followed by a clinical question review, a consensus Delphi process, and validation of the results by peer review. The task force concluded that there is insufficient evidence to justify delaying treatment with superficial chemical peels and nonablative lasers, including hair removal lasers and lights, vascular lasers, and nonablative fractional devices for patients currently or recently exposed to isotretinoin. Superficial and focal dermabrasion may also be safe when performed by a well-trained clinician.

  2. A linear stepping endovascular intervention robot with variable stiffness and force sensing.

    PubMed

    He, Chengbin; Wang, Shuxin; Zuo, Siyang

    2018-05-01

    Robotic-assisted endovascular intervention surgery has attracted significant attention and interest in recent years. However, limited designs have focused on the variable stiffness mechanism of the catheter shaft. Flexible catheter needs to be partially switched to a rigid state that can hold its shape against external force to achieve a stable and effective insertion procedure. Furthermore, driving catheter in a similar way with manual procedures has the potential to make full use of the extensive experience from conventional catheter navigation. Besides driving method, force sensing is another significant factor for endovascular intervention. This paper presents a variable stiffness catheterization system that can provide stable and accurate endovascular intervention procedure with a linear stepping mechanism that has a similar operation mode to the conventional catheter navigation. A specially designed shape-memory polymer tube with water cooling structure is used to achieve variable stiffness of the catheter. Hence, four FBG sensors are attached to the catheter tip in order to monitor the tip contact force situation with temperature compensation. Experimental results show that the actuation unit is able to deliver linear and rotational motions. We have shown the feasibility of FBG force sensing to reduce the effect of temperature and detect the tip contact force. The designed catheter can change its stiffness partially, and the stiffness of the catheter can be remarkably increased in rigid state. Hence, in the rigid state, the catheter can hold its shape against a [Formula: see text] load. The prototype has also been validated with a vascular phantom, demonstrating the potential clinical value of the system. The proposed system provides important insights into the design of compact robotic-assisted catheter incorporating effective variable stiffness mechanism and real-time force sensing for intraoperative endovascular intervention.

  3. Another seventeenth-century denigration of Gaspare Tagliacozzi.

    PubMed

    Cosman, B

    1978-05-01

    Gaspare Tagliacozzi published his carefully documented procedures for nasal reconstruction at the end of the sixteenth century. However, almost all authorities in the succeeding century failed to give him credence. Although his name was widely known, his work became an object of scorn. James Cooke, author of one of the most popular English surgical textbooks of the seventeenth century, in an amusing and previously unnoted reference, adds to this denigration and helps to explain why nasal reconstruction became a subject of satire in England.

  4. Federal Logistics Information System (FLIS) Procedures Manual, Volume 1, Change 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1996-07-01

    Se- 2 KAT Add FLIS Data Base Data 1 curity Classified Characteristics KDZ Delete Logistics Transfer 3 Data KFA Match Through Association I KFC File...a Cancelled menus normally furnished with this DIC NSNIPSCN, Related Generic or (2) the segment Z data pertains to an NSN. or Reference Number FSC...8/9 KEC Output Exceeds AUTODIN Limitations 4,5 vols 8/9 KFA Match through Association 4 vols 8/9 KFC File Data Minus Security Classified Character- 4

  5. Enabling Computational Nanotechnology through JavaGenes in a Cycle Scavenging Environment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Globus, Al; Menon, Madhu; Srivastava, Deepak; Biegel, Bryan A. (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    A genetic algorithm procedure is developed and implemented for fitting parameters for many-body inter-atomic force field functions for simulating nanotechnology atomistic applications using portable Java on cycle-scavenged heterogeneous workstations. Given a physics based analytic functional form for the force field, correlated parameters in a multi-dimensional environment are typically chosen to fit properties given either by experiments and/or by higher accuracy quantum mechanical simulations. The implementation automates this tedious procedure using an evolutionary computing algorithm operating on hundreds of cycle-scavenged computers. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the procedure for evaluating the Stillinger-Weber (S-W) potential by (a) reproducing the published parameters for Si using S-W energies in the fitness function, and (b) evolving a "new" set of parameters using semi-empirical tightbinding energies in the fitness function. The "new" parameters are significantly better suited for Si cluster energies and forces as compared to even the published S-W potential.

  6. Effects of fuselage forebody geometry on low-speed lateral-directional characteristics of twin-tail fighter model at high angles of attack

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carr, P. C.; Gilbert, W. P.

    1979-01-01

    Low-speed, static wind-tunnel tests were conducted to explore the effects of fighter fuselage forebody geometry on lateral-directional characteristics at high angles of attack and to provide data for general design procedures. Effects of eight different forebody configurations and several add-on devices (e.g., nose strakes, boundary-layer trip wires, and nose booms) were investigated. Tests showed that forebody design features such as fineness ratio, cross-sectional shape, and add-on devices can have a significant influence on both lateral-directional and longitudinal aerodynamic stability. Several of the forebodies produced both lateral-directional symmetry and strong favorable changes in lateral-directional stability. However, the same results also indicated that such forebody designs can produce significant reductions in longitudinal stability near maximum lift and can significantly change the influence of other configuration variables. The addition of devices to highly tailored forebody designs also can significantly degrade the stability improvements provided by the clean forebody.

  7. The Composition of the TV Picture: Suggested Hypotheses to Test the Forces That Operate within the Television Screen.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Metallinos, Nikos

    This paper suggests specific experimental designs, criteria measures, and testing procedures for the empirical study of various field forces operative in the structure of the television picture. The purpose of the paper is twofold: first, to illustrate, through selected videotapes, the various field forces and, second, to provide specific…

  8. Force balancing in mammographic compression

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Branderhorst, W., E-mail: w.branderhorst@amc.nl; Groot, J. E. de; Lier, M. G. J. T. B. van

    Purpose: In mammography, the height of the image receptor is adjusted to the patient before compressing the breast. An inadequate height setting can result in an imbalance between the forces applied by the image receptor and the paddle, causing the clamped breast to be pushed up or down relative to the body during compression. This leads to unnecessary stretching of the skin and other tissues around the breast, which can make the imaging procedure more painful for the patient. The goal of this study was to implement a method to measure and minimize the force imbalance, and to assess itsmore » feasibility as an objective and reproducible method of setting the image receptor height. Methods: A trial was conducted consisting of 13 craniocaudal mammographic compressions on a silicone breast phantom, each with the image receptor positioned at a different height. The image receptor height was varied over a range of 12 cm. In each compression, the force exerted by the compression paddle was increased up to 140 N in steps of 10 N. In addition to the paddle force, the authors measured the force exerted by the image receptor and the reaction force exerted on the patient body by the ground. The trial was repeated 8 times, with the phantom remounted at a slightly different orientation and position between the trials. Results: For a given paddle force, the obtained results showed that there is always exactly one image receptor height that leads to a balance of the forces on the breast. For the breast phantom, deviating from this specific height increased the force imbalance by 9.4 ± 1.9 N/cm (6.7%) for 140 N paddle force, and by 7.1 ± 1.6 N/cm (17.8%) for 40 N paddle force. The results also show that in situations where the force exerted by the image receptor is not measured, the craniocaudal force imbalance can still be determined by positioning the patient on a weighing scale and observing the changes in displayed weight during the procedure. Conclusions: In mammographic breast compression, even small changes in the image receptor height can lead to a severe imbalance of the applied forces. This may make the procedure more painful than necessary and, in case the image receptor is set too low, may lead to image quality issues and increased radiation dose due to undercompression. In practice, these effects can be reduced by monitoring the force imbalance and actively adjusting the position of the image receptor throughout the compression.« less

  9. Depression prevention, labour force participation and income of older working aged Australians: A microsimulation economic analysis.

    PubMed

    Veerman, J Lennert; Shrestha, Rupendra N; Mihalopoulos, Cathrine; Passey, Megan E; Kelly, Simon J; Tanton, Robert; Callander, Emily J; Schofield, Deborah J

    2015-05-01

    Depression has economic consequences not only for the health system, but also for individuals and society. This study aims to quantify the potential economic impact of five-yearly screening for sub-syndromal depression in general practice among Australians aged 45-64 years, followed by a group-based psychological intervention to prevent progression to depression. We used an epidemiological simulation model to estimate reductions in prevalence of depression, and a microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD2030, to estimate the impact on labour force participation, personal income, savings, taxation revenue and welfare expenditure. Group therapy is estimated to prevent around 5,200 prevalent cases of depression (2.2%) and add about 520 people to the labour force. Private incomes are projected to increase by $19 million per year, tax revenues by $2.4 million, and transfer payments are reduced by $2.6 million. Group-based psychological intervention to prevent depression could result in considerable economic benefits in addition to its clinical effects. © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2014.

  10. Map of the spirit: Diagnosis and treatment of spiritual disease.

    PubMed

    Cantwell, Michael F

    2008-01-01

    Holistic medicine presupposes that the body, mind, and spirit all influence health. At present, however, we lack any overarching paradigm for assessing and treating the spiritual aspect of disease. Map of the Spirit presents a potentially universal framework of human spiritual development. In this framework, spiritual progress is determined by the balance between 2 forces-Seeking (forward-tending force) and Resistance (force opposing Seeking). Greater Seeking and lower Spiritual Satisfaction predispose toward greater Spiritual Stress, which adds to patients' overall stress and, thereby, influences their health. Addressing Spiritual Stress may improve patients' physical and psychological symptoms. This framework also proposes 4 universal and sequential stages of human spiritual development-Pre-awareness, Awareness, Commitment, and Union. Spiritual experiences, classified into 3 distinct types-Awareness, Commitment, and Union Experiences-are the principal markers between these spiritual stages. Map of the Spirit presents a potentially universal and easy-to-apply framework for assessing (1) how important spirituality is to patients' health, (2) where patients are spiritually, and (3) when and how best to intervene to facilitate their spiritual development and potentially improve their overall health.

  11. Schema building profiles among elementary school students in solving problems related to operations of addition to fractions on the basis of mathematic abilities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gembong, S.; Suwarsono, S. T.; Prabowo

    2018-03-01

    Schema in the current study refers to a set of action, process, object and other schemas already possessed to build an individual’s ways of thinking to solve a given problem. The current study aims to investigate the schemas built among elementary school students in solving problems related to operations of addition to fractions. The analyses of the schema building were done qualitatively on the basis of the analytical framework of the APOS theory (Action, Process, Object, and Schema). Findings show that the schemas built on students of high and middle ability indicate the following. In the action stage, students were able to add two fractions by way of drawing a picture or procedural way. In the Stage of process, they could add two and three fractions. In the stage of object, they could explain the steps of adding two fractions and change a fraction into addition of fractions. In the last stage, schema, they could add fractions by relating them to another schema they have possessed i.e. the least common multiple. Those of high and middle mathematic abilities showed that their schema building in solving problems related to operations odd addition to fractions worked in line with the framework of the APOS theory. Those of low mathematic ability, however, showed that their schema on each stage did not work properly.

  12. Major System Source Evaluation and Selection Procedures.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-04-02

    A-RIBI I" MAJOR SYSTEM SOURCE EVALUATION AND SELECTION PROCEDURES / (U) BUSINESS MANAGEMENT RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC ARLINGTON VA 02 APR 6? ORMC-5...BRMC-85-5142-1 0 I- MAJOR SYSTEM SOURCE EVALUATION AND SELECTION PROCEDURES o I Business Management Research Associates, Inc. 1911 Jefferson Davis...FORCE SOURCE EVALUATION AND SELECTI ON PROCEDURES Prepared by Business Management Research Associates, Inc., 1911 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington

  13. Optimizing radiofrequency ablation of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation by direct catheter force measurement-a case-matched comparison in 198 patients.

    PubMed

    Sigmund, Elisabeth; Puererfellner, Helmut; Derndorfer, Michael; Kollias, Georgios; Winter, Siegmund; Aichinger, Josef; Nesser, Hans-Joachim; Martinek, Martin

    2015-02-01

    Sufficient electrode-tissue contact is crucial for adequate lesion formation in radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). We assessed the impact of direct catheter force measurement on acute procedural parameters and outcome of RFCA for paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Ninety-nine consecutive patients (70% men) with paroxysmal (63.6%) or persistent AF underwent left atrial RFCA using a 3.5-mm open-irrigated-tip (OIT) catheter with contact force measurement capabilities (group 1). For comparison a case-matched cohort with standard OIT catheters was used (99 patients; group 2). Case matching included gender, type of AF, number or RFCA procedures, and type of procedure. Procedural data showed a significant decline in radiofrequency ablation time from 52 ± 20 to 44 ± 16 minutes (P = 0.003) with a remarkable mean reduction in overall procedure time of 34 minutes (P = 0.0001; 225.8 ± 53.1 vs 191.9 ± 53.3 minutes). In parallel, the total fluoroscopy time could be significantly reduced from 28.5 ± 11.0 to 19.9 ± 9.3 minutes (P = 0.0001) as well as fluoroscopy dose from 74.1 ± 58.0 to 56.7 ± 38.9 Gy/cm(2) (P = 0.016). Periprocedural complications were similar in both groups. The use of contact force sensing technology is able to significantly reduce ablation, procedure, and fluoroscopy times as well as dose in RFCA of AF in a mixed case-matched group of paroxysmal and persistent AF. Energy delivery is substantially reduced by avoiding radiofrequency ablation in positions with insufficient surface contact. Additionally 12-month outcome data showed increased efficacy. Such time saving and equally safe technology may have a relevant impact on laboratory management and increased cost effectiveness. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. Bowel resection for severe endometriosis: an Australian series of 177 cases.

    PubMed

    Wills, Hannah J; Reid, Geoffrey D; Cooper, Michael J W; Tsaltas, Jim; Morgan, Matthew; Woods, Rodney J

    2009-08-01

    Colorectal resection for severe endometriosis has been increasingly described in the literature over the last 20 years. To describe the experiences of three gynaecological surgeons who perform radical surgery for colorectal endometriosis. The records of three surgeons were reviewed. Relevant information was extracted and complied into a database. One hundred and seventy-seven women were identified as having undergone surgery between February 1997 and October 2007. The primary reason for presentation was pain in the majority of women (79%). Eighty-one segmental resections were performed, 71 disc excisions, ten appendicectomies and multiple procedures in ten women. The majority of procedures (81.4%) were performed laparoscopically. Histology confirmed the presence of disease in 98.3% of cases. A further 124 procedures to remove other sites of endometriosis were conducted, along with an additional 44 procedures not primarily for endometriosis. A total of 16 unintended events occurred. Our study adds to the growing body of literature describing colorectal resection for severe endometriosis. Overall, the surgery appeared to be well tolerated, demonstrating the role for this surgery.

  15. Clinical Application of Insertion Force Sensor System for Coil Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms.

    PubMed

    Matsubara, Noriaki; Miyachi, Shigeru; Izumi, Takashi; Yamada, Hiroyuki; Marui, Naoki; Ota, Keisuke; Tajima, Hayato; Shintai, Kazunori; Ito, Masashi; Imai, Tasuku; Nishihori, Masahiro; Wakabayashi, Toshihiko

    2017-09-01

    In endovascular embolization for intracranial aneurysms, it is important to properly control the coil insertion force. However, the force can only be subjectively detected by the subtle feedback experienced by neurointerventionists at their fingertips. The authors envisioned a system that would objectively sense and quantify that force. In this article, coil insertion force was measured in cases of intracranial aneurysm using this sensor, and its actual clinical application was investigated. The sensor consists of a hemostatic valve (Y-connector). A little flexure was intentionally added in the device, and it creates a bend in the delivery wire. The sensor measures the change in the position of the bent wire depending on the insertion force and translates it into a force value. Using this, embolization was performed for 10 unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The sensor adequately recorded the force, and it reflected the operators' usual clinical experience. The presence of the sensor did not affect the procedures. The sensor enabled the operators to objectively note and evaluate the insertion force and better cooperative handling was possible. Additionally, other members of the intervention team shared the information. Force records demonstrated the characteristic patterns according to every stage of coiling (framing, filling, and finishing). The force sensor system adequately measured coil insertion force in intracranial aneurysm coil embolization procedures. The safety of this sensor was demonstrated in clinical application for the limited number of patients. This system is useful adjunct for assisting during coil embolization for an intracranial aneurysm. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Should chest examination be reinstated in the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    PubMed Central

    Oshaug, Katja; Halvorsen, Peder A; Melbye, Hasse

    2013-01-01

    Background Although proven to be associated with bronchial obstruction, chest signs are not listed among cues that should prompt spirometry in the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in established guidelines. Aims We aimed to explore how chest findings add to respiratory symptoms and a history of smoking in the diagnosis of COPD. Methods In a cross-sectional study, patients aged 40 years or older, previously diagnosed with either asthma or COPD in primary care, answered questionnaires and underwent physical chest examination and spirometry. Results Among the 375 patients included, 39.7% had forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity <0.7. Hyperresonance to percussion was the strongest predictor of COPD, with a sensitivity of 20.8, a specificity of 97.8, and likelihood ratio of 9.5. In multivariate logistic regression, where pack-years, shortness of breath, and chest findings were among the explanatory variables, three physical chest findings were independent predictors of COPD. Hyperresonance to percussion yielded the highest odds ratio (OR = 6.7), followed by diminished breath sounds (OR = 5.0), and thirdly wheezes (OR = 2.3). These three chest signs also gave significant diagnostic information when added to shortness of breath and pack-years in receiver operating-characteristic curve analysis. Conclusion We found that chest signs may add to respiratory symptoms and a history of smoking in the diagnosis of COPD, and we conclude that chest signs should be reinstated as cues to early diagnosis of COPD in patients 40 years or older. PMID:23983462

  17. 8 CFR 327.2 - Procedure for naturalization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... ARMED FORCES OF FOREIGN COUNTRY DURlNG WORLD WAR II § 327.2 Procedure for naturalization. (a) Application. An applicant who is eligible for naturalization pursuant to section 327 of the Act and § 327.1... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Procedure for naturalization. 327.2 Section...

  18. 8 CFR 327.2 - Procedure for naturalization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... ARMED FORCES OF FOREIGN COUNTRY DURING WORLD WAR II § 327.2 Procedure for naturalization. (a) Application. An applicant who is eligible for naturalization pursuant to section 327 of the Act and § 327.1... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Procedure for naturalization. 327.2 Section...

  19. 8 CFR 327.2 - Procedure for naturalization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... ARMED FORCES OF FOREIGN COUNTRY DURING WORLD WAR II § 327.2 Procedure for naturalization. (a) Application. An applicant who is eligible for naturalization pursuant to section 327 of the Act and § 327.1... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Procedure for naturalization. 327.2 Section...

  20. 8 CFR 327.2 - Procedure for naturalization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ARMED FORCES OF FOREIGN COUNTRY DURING WORLD WAR II § 327.2 Procedure for naturalization. (a) Application. An applicant who is eligible for naturalization pursuant to section 327 of the Act and § 327.1... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Procedure for naturalization. 327.2 Section...

  1. 8 CFR 327.2 - Procedure for naturalization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... ARMED FORCES OF FOREIGN COUNTRY DURING WORLD WAR II § 327.2 Procedure for naturalization. (a) Application. An applicant who is eligible for naturalization pursuant to section 327 of the Act and § 327.1... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Procedure for naturalization. 327.2 Section...

  2. Dropout Count Procedural Handbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nevada State Dept. of Education, Carson City. Planning, Research and Evaluation Branch.

    This manual outlines the procedure for counting dropouts from the Nevada schools. The State Department of Education instituted a new dropout counting procedure to its student accounting system in January 1988 as part of its response to recommendations of a task force on at-risk youth. The count is taken from each secondary school and includes…

  3. Management implications for the perioperative surgical home related to inpatient case cancellations and add-on case scheduling on the day of surgery.

    PubMed

    Epstein, Richard H; Dexter, Franklin

    2015-07-01

    The American Society of Anesthesiologists has embraced the concept of the Perioperative Surgical Home as a means through which anesthesiologists can add value to the health systems in which they practice. One key listed element of the Perioperative Surgical Home is to support "scheduling initiatives to reduce cancellations and increase efficiency." In this study, we explored the potential benefits of the Perioperative Surgical Home with respect to inpatient cancellations and add-on case scheduling. We evaluated 6 hypotheses related to the timing of inpatient cancellations and preoperative anesthesia evaluations. Inpatient cancellations were studied during 26 consecutive 4-week intervals between July 2012 and June 2014 at a tertiary care academic hospital. All timestamps related to scheduling, rescheduling, and cancellation activities were retrieved from the operating room (OR) case scheduling system. Timestamps when patients were seen by anesthesia residents were obtained from the preoperative evaluation system database. Batch mean methods were used to calculate means and SE. For cases cancelled, we determined whether, for "most" (>50%) cancellations, a subsequent procedure (of any type) was performed on the patient within 7 days of the cancellation. Comparisons with most and other fractions were assessed using the 1 group, 1-sided Student t test. We evaluated whether a few procedures were highly represented among the cancelled cases via the Herfindahl (Simpson's) index, comparing it with <0.15. The rate of scheduling activity was assessed by computing the number of OR scheduling office decisions in each 1-hour bin between 6:00 AM and 3:59 PM. These values were compared with ≥1 decision per hour at the study hospital. Data from 24,735 scheduled inpatient cases were assessed. Cases cancelled after 7 AM on the day before or at any time on the scheduled day of surgery accounted for 22.6% ± 0.5% (SE) of the scheduled minutes all scheduled cases, and 26.8% ± 0.4% of the case volume (i.e., number of cases). Most (83.1% ± 0.6%, P < 10) cases performed were evaluated on the day before surgery. Most (67.6% ± 1.6%, P < 10) minutes of cancelled cases were evaluated on the day before surgery. Most (62.3% ± 1.5%, P < 10) cases were seen earlier than 6:00 PM of the day before surgery. The Herfindahl index among cancelled procedures was 0.021 ± 0.001 (P < 10 compared not only to <0.15 but also to <0.05), showing large heterogeneity among the cancelled procedures. A subsequent procedure was not performed for most cancelled cases (50.6% ± 0.9% compared with >50%, P = 0.12), implying that the indication for the cancelled procedure no longer existed or the patient/family decided not to proceed with surgery. When only cancellations on the scheduled day of surgery were considered, the cancellation rate was 14.0% ± 0.3% of scheduled inpatient minutes and 11.8% ± 0.2% of scheduled inpatient cases. There were 0.59 ± 0.02 OR schedule decisions per hour per 10 ORs between 6:00 AM and 3:59 PM (P < 10, corresponding to ≥1 decision per hour at the 36 OR study hospital). The study hospital had a high inpatient cancellation rate, despite the fact that most patients whose cases were cancelled were seen by an anesthesia resident by 6:00 PM of the day before surgery. This finding suggests that further efforts to reduce the cancellations by seeing patients sooner on the day before surgery, or seeing even more patients the day before surgery, would not be an economically useful focus of the Perioperative Surgical Home. The wide heterogeneity among cancelled cases indicates that focusing on a few procedures would not materially affect the overall cancellation rate. The relatively low rate of subsequent performance of a procedure on patients whose cases had been cancelled suggests that trying to decrease the cancellation rate might be medically counterproductive. The hourly rate of decisions in the scheduling office during regular work hours on the day of surgery highlights the importance of decisions made at the OR control desk and scheduling office throughout the day to reduce the hours of overused OR time. These data suggest that efforts of the Perioperative Surgical Home related to inpatient cancellations should focus on management decision-making to mitigate the disruptions to the planned OR schedule caused by inpatient case cancellations and add-on cases, more so than on efforts to reduce inpatient cancellation rates.

  4. Faster modified protocol for first order reversal curve measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    De Biasi, Emilio

    2017-10-01

    In this work we present a faster modified protocol for first order reversal curve (FORC) measurements. The main idea of this procedure is to use the information of the ascending and descending branches constructed through successive sweeps of magnetic field. The new method reduces the number of field sweeps to almost one half as compared to the traditional method. The length of each branch is reduced faster than in the usual FORC protocol. The new method implies not only a new measurement protocol but also a new recipe for the previous treatment of the data. After of these pre-processing, the FORC diagram can be obtained by the conventional methods. In the present work we show that the new FORC procedure leads to results identical to the conventional method if the system under study follows the Stoner-Wohlfarth model with interactions that do not depend of the magnetic state (up or down) of the entities, as in the Preisach model. More specifically, if the coercive and interactions fields are not correlated, and the hysteresis loops have a square shape. Some numerical examples show the comparison between the usual FORC procedure and the propose one. We also discuss that it is possible to find some differences in the case of real systems, due to the magnetic interactions. There is no reason to prefer one FORC method over the other from the point of view of the information to be obtained. On the contrary, the use of both methods could open doors for a more accurate and deep analysis.

  5. Force testing manual for the Langley 20-inch Mach 6 tunnel

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Keyes, J. W.

    1977-01-01

    Data reduction and procedures for conducting force tests in a 20 inch Mach 6 tunnel are described. A discussion of pretest and testing phases are included. Items that are to be checked during model design and construction are outlined as well as safety requirements, starting loads tests, instructions for data acquisition and model installation. Measurement of balance and model misalignment and instructions for calibrating the angle of attack screen are covered. Procedures for making reference pressure, attitude tare, and data runs are included. The 20 inch tunnel force program is examined, and a description of data recording system input and load contrast sheets is given. An appendix presents a description, operating characteristics, and Mach number calibration of the tunnel, as well as tunnel characteristics.

  6. Performance limitations of bilateral force reflection imposed by operator dynamic characteristics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chapel, Jim D.

    1989-01-01

    A linearized, single-axis model is presented for bilateral force reflection which facilitates investigation into the effects of manipulator, operator, and task dynamics, as well as time delay and gain scaling. Structural similarities are noted between this model and impedance control. Stability results based upon this model impose requirements upon operator dynamic characteristics as functions of system time delay and environmental stiffness. An experimental characterization reveals the limited capabilities of the human operator to meet these requirements. A procedure is presented for determining the force reflection gain scaling required to provide stability and acceptable operator workload. This procedure is applied to a system with dynamics typical of a space manipulator, and the required gain scaling is presented as a function of environmental stiffness.

  7. A Peridynamic Approach for Nanoscratch Simulation of the Cement Mortar

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Jingjing; Zhang, Qing; Lu, Guangda; Chen, Depeng

    2018-03-01

    The present study develops a peridynamic approach for simulating the nanoscratch procedure on the cement mortar interface. In this approach, the cement and sand are considered as discrete particles with certain mechanical properties on the nanoscale. Besides, the interaction force functions for different components in the interface are represented by combining the van der Waals force and the peridynamic force. The nanoscratch procedures with the indenter moving along certain direction either parallel or perpendicular to the interface are simulated in this paper. The simulation results show the damage evolution processes and the final damage distributions of the cement mortar under different scratching speed and depth of the indenter, indicating that the interface between cement and sand is a weak area.

  8. Modeling effectiveness of gradual increases in source level to mitigate effects of sonar on marine mammals.

    PubMed

    Von Benda-Beckmann, Alexander M; Wensveen, Paul J; Kvadsheim, Petter H; Lam, Frans-Peter A; Miller, Patrick J O; Tyack, Peter L; Ainslie, Michael A

    2014-02-01

    Ramp-up or soft-start procedures (i.e., gradual increase in the source level) are used to mitigate the effect of sonar sound on marine mammals, although no one to date has tested whether ramp-up procedures are effective at reducing the effect of sound on marine mammals. We investigated the effectiveness of ramp-up procedures in reducing the area within which changes in hearing thresholds can occur. We modeled the level of sound killer whales (Orcinus orca) were exposed to from a generic sonar operation preceded by different ramp-up schemes. In our model, ramp-up procedures reduced the risk of killer whales receiving sounds of sufficient intensity to affect their hearing. The effectiveness of the ramp-up procedure depended strongly on the assumed response threshold and differed with ramp-up duration, although extending the duration of the ramp up beyond 5 min did not add much to its predicted mitigating effect. The main factors that limited effectiveness of ramp up in a typical antisubmarine warfare scenario were high source level, rapid moving sonar source, and long silences between consecutive sonar transmissions. Our exposure modeling approach can be used to evaluate and optimize mitigation procedures. © 2013 Society for Conservation Biology.

  9. Labour force participation and the influence of having arthritis on financial status.

    PubMed

    Schofield, Deborah J; Callander, Emily J; Shrestha, Rupendra N; Percival, Richard; Kelly, Simon J; Passey, Megan E

    2015-07-01

    The objective of this study was to quantify the impact that having arthritis has on income poverty status and accumulated wealth in Australia. Cross-sectional analysis of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model. Across all categories of labour force participation status (employed full time, part time or not in the labour force at all), those with arthritis were significantly more likely to be in poverty. Those employed full time with no health condition had 0.82 times the odds of being in income poverty (95 % CI 0.80-0.84) compared with those employed full time with arthritis. Those not in the labour force with no chronic health conditions had 0.36 times the odds of being in income poverty compared with those not in the labour force due to arthritis (95 % CI 0.36-0.37). For people not in the labour force with no long-term health condition, the total value of their wealth was 211 % higher (95 % CI 38-618 %) than the amount of wealth accumulated by those not in the labour force due to arthritis. Similarly, those employed part time with no chronic health condition had 50 % more wealth than those employed part time with arthritis (95 % CI 3-116 %). Arthritis has a profound impact upon the economic circumstances of individuals, which adds a further dimension to the detrimental living standards of older individuals suffering from the condition.

  10. Emerging Subsea Networks: SMART Cable Systems for Science and Society

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Howe, B. M.; Butler, R.; Joint Task Force, U.

    2016-02-01

    The subsea telecommunications cable industry is approaching a prospective new era: deploying SMART subsea cable systems (SMART = Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunication). The current global, commercial cable infrastructure consists of 1 Gm of cable, being refreshed now and expanding in the future. The SMART concept is to add a small external sensor package along the cable system at its optical repeaters to transmit important real-time environmental data via a dedicated wavelength or overhead channel in the transmission system, avoiding any impact on the commercial traffic. These small, reliable, existing sensors would precisely measure temperature, pressure and three-axis acceleration across the world's ocean floor over an extended period of time, being deployed using standard cable-laying procedures on new or refurbished cables, but not requiring maintenance through the 2-3 decade life of the cable systems. The game-changing factor is the urgent international need for ocean environmental data related to mitigating climate and sea-level change and improving tsunami and slope failure hazard warnings. Societal costs incurred by these are reaching billions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Pressures for new and urgent public policies are evident from the 5th IPCC Assessment, USA-China agreement on limiting greenhouse gas emissions, clear evidence for rapid global warming, 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (December 2015, Paris), and the scale of the costs of inaction. To support revised public policies and actions, decision-makers, industry leaders, and the public are seeking key scientific data, which will necessitate new sources of funding. Hence, the emergence of new SMART cable systems offered by the subsea telecommunications industry will provide new market opportunities, engage additional non-traditional users, and make profound societal contributions. The Joint Task Force (JTF) on SMART Subsea Cable Systems established by three UN agencies (ITU, WMO, and UNESCO IOC) is helping facilitate this transformation. http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/climatechange/task-force-sc/Pages/default.aspx or google 'jtf cable'

  11. A passively controlled appendage deployment system for the San Marco D/L spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lang, W. E.; Frisch, H. P.; Schwartz, D. A.

    1984-01-01

    The analytical simulation of deployment dynamics of these two axis concepts as well as the evolution of practical designs for the add on deployable inertia boom units is described. With the boom free to swing back in response to Coriolis forces as well as outwards in response to centrifugal forces, the kinematics of motion are complex but admit the possibility of absorbing deployment energy in frictional or other damping devices about the radial axis, where large amplitude motions can occur and where the design envelope allows more available volume. An acceptable range is defined for frictional damping for any given spin rate. Inadequate damping allows boom motions which strike the spacecraft; excessive damping causes the boom to swing out and latch with damaging violence. The acceptable range is a design parameter and must accommodate spin rate tolerance and also the tolerance and repeatability of the damping mechanisms.

  12. Lateral spread of sonic boom measurements from US Air Force boomfile flight tests

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Downing, J. Micah

    1992-01-01

    A series of sonic boom flight tests were conducted by the US Air Force at Edwards AFB in 1987 with current supersonic DOD aircraft. These tests involved 43 flights by various aircraft at different Mach number and altitude combinations. The measured peak overpressures to predicted values as a function of lateral distance are compared. Some of the flights are combined into five groups because of the varying profiles and the limited number of sonic booms obtained during this study. The peak overpressures and the lateral distances are normalized with respect to the Carlson method predicted centerline overpressures and lateral cutoff distances, respectively, to facilitate comparisons between sonic boom data from similar flight profiles. It is demonstrated that the data agrees with sonic boom theory and previous studies and adds to the existing sonic boom database by including sonic boom signatures, tracking, and weather data in a digital format.

  13. Testing Done for Lorentz Force Accelerators and Electrodeless Propulsion Technology Development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pencil, Eric J.; Gilland, James H.; Arrington, Lynn A.; Kamhawi, Hani

    2004-01-01

    The NASA Glenn Research Center is developing Lorentz force accelerators and electrodeless plasma propulsion for a wide variety of space applications. These applications range from precision control of formation-flying spacecraft to primary propulsion for very high power interplanetary spacecraft. The specific thruster technologies being addressed are pulsed plasma thrusters, magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, and helicon-electron cyclotron resonance acceleration thrusters. The pulsed plasma thruster mounted on the Earth Observing-1 spacecraft was operated successfully in orbit in 2002. The two-axis thruster system is fully incorporated in the attitude determination and control system and is being used to automatically counteract disturbances in the pitch axis of the spacecraft. Recent on-orbit operations have focused on extended operations to add flight operation time to the total accumulated thruster life. The results of the experiments pave the way for electric propulsion applications on future Earth-imaging satellites.

  14. Readiness: observations and comments from a medical team deployment.

    PubMed

    Popper, S E; Noble, D E; Mason, L J; Schaffer, L A; Glover, J G; Barkley, M S

    1997-02-01

    The evolving strategy of the United States in dealing with the changing world order calls for a force structure capable of fighting and winning two nearly simultaneous major regional conflicts and conducting a range of other military operations. Readiness is a key factor in this new strategy. Consequently, major paradigm shifts are occurring within the Air Force Medical Service. Maintaining current and accurate medical records on personnel to meet deployment requirements is a significant challenge. Historically, time and resources are consumed determining the deployability of troops prior to a deployment. This adds to the cost of doing business and increases the time required to clear the deploying team, even though there is an established process to avoid these very problems. The experience of a recent medical team deployment to Bosnia is discussed. Future directions given the implementation of TRI-CARE, the Preventive Health Assessment Program, and the Strategic Health Resourcing Plan are also considered.

  15. Torque measurement at the single-molecule level.

    PubMed

    Forth, Scott; Sheinin, Maxim Y; Inman, James; Wang, Michelle D

    2013-01-01

    Methods for exerting and measuring forces on single molecules have revolutionized the study of the physics of biology. However, it is often the case that biological processes involve rotation or torque generation, and these parameters have been more difficult to access experimentally. Recent advances in the single-molecule field have led to the development of techniques that add the capability of torque measurement. By combining force, displacement, torque, and rotational data, a more comprehensive description of the mechanics of a biomolecule can be achieved. In this review, we highlight a number of biological processes for which torque plays a key mechanical role. We describe the various techniques that have been developed to directly probe the torque experienced by a single molecule, and detail a variety of measurements made to date using these new technologies. We conclude by discussing a number of open questions and propose systems of study that would be well suited for analysis with torsional measurement techniques.

  16. SWIFT: SPH With Inter-dependent Fine-grained Tasking

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schaller, Matthieu; Gonnet, Pedro; Chalk, Aidan B. G.; Draper, Peter W.

    2018-05-01

    SWIFT runs cosmological simulations on peta-scale machines for solving gravity and SPH. It uses the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) to calculate gravitational forces between nearby particles, combining these with long-range forces provided by a mesh that captures both the periodic nature of the calculation and the expansion of the simulated universe. SWIFT currently uses a single fixed but time-variable softening length for all the particles. Many useful external potentials are also available, such as galaxy haloes or stratified boxes that are used in idealised problems. SWIFT implements a standard LCDM cosmology background expansion and solves the equations in a comoving frame; equations of state of dark-energy evolve with scale-factor. The structure of the code allows implementation for modified-gravity solvers or self-interacting dark matter schemes to be implemented. Many hydrodynamics schemes are implemented in SWIFT and the software allows users to add their own.

  17. 7 CFR 1753.30 - Closeout procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Construction of Buildings § 1753.30... 257 (Contract to Construct Buildings) and construction or rehabilitation performed by the force...

  18. A computational procedure for multibody systems including flexible beam dynamics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Downer, J. D.; Park, K. C.; Chiou, J. C.

    1990-01-01

    A computational procedure suitable for the solution of equations of motions for flexible multibody systems has been developed. A fully nonlinear continuum approach capable of accounting for both finite rotations and large deformations has been used to model a flexible beam component. The beam kinematics are referred directly to an inertial reference frame such that the degrees of freedom embody both the rigid and flexible deformation motions. As such, the beam inertia expression is identical to that of rigid body dynamics. The nonlinear coupling between gross body motion and elastic deformation is contained in the internal force expression. Numerical solution procedures for the integration of spatial kinematic systems can be directily applied to the generalized coordinates of both the rigid and flexible components. An accurate computation of the internal force term which is invariant to rigid motions is incorporated into the general solution procedure.

  19. Robotic surgery in urological oncology: patient care or market share?

    PubMed

    Kaye, Deborah R; Mullins, Jeffrey K; Carter, H Ballentine; Bivalacqua, Trinity J

    2015-01-01

    Surgical robotic use has grown exponentially in spite of limited or uncertain benefits and large costs. In certain situations, adoption of robotic technology provides value to patients and society. In other cases, however, the robot provides little or no increase in surgical quality, with increased expense, and, therefore, does not add value to health care. The surgical robot is expensive to purchase, maintain and operate, and can contribute to increased consumerism in relation to surgical procedures, and increased reliance on the technology, thus driving future increases in health-care expenditure. Given the current need for budget constraints, the cost-effectiveness of specific procedures must be evaluated. The surgical robot should be used when cost-effective, but traditional open and laparoscopic techniques also need to be continually fostered.

  20. 'High profile health facilities can add to your trouble': Women, stigma and un/safe abortion in Kenya.

    PubMed

    Izugbara, Chimaraoke O; Egesa, Carolyne; Okelo, Rispah

    2015-09-01

    Public health discourses on safe abortion assume the term to be unambiguous. However, qualitative evidence elicited from Kenyan women treated for complications of unsafe abortion contrasted sharply with public health views of abortion safety. For these women, safe abortion implied pregnancy termination procedures and services that concealed their abortions, shielded them from the law, were cheap and identified through dependable social networks. Participants contested the notion that poor quality abortion procedures and providers are inherently dangerous, asserting them as key to women's preservation of a good self, management of stigma, and protection of their reputation, respect, social relationships, and livelihoods. Greater public health attention to the social dimensions of abortion safety is urgent. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  1. Mortality after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair: a contemporary review.

    PubMed

    Kortlandt, Friso A; de Beenhouwer, Thomas; Swaans, Martin J; Post, Marco C; van der Heyden, Jan A S; Eefting, Frank D; Rensing, Benno J W M

    2016-04-01

    Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve (MV) repair is a relatively new treatment option for mitral regurgitation (MR). After the feasibility and safety having been proved in low-surgical-risk patients, the use of this procedure has shifted more to the treatment of high-risk patients. With the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCT) for this particular subgroup, observational studies try to add evidence to the safety aspect of this procedure. These also provide short- and mid-term mortality figures. Several mortality predictors have been identified, which may help the optimal selection of patients who will benefit most from this technique. In this article we provide an overview of the literature about mortality and its predictors in patients treated with the percutaneous edge-to-edge device.

  2. Collaborative engagement experiment (CEE)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wade, Robert L.; Reames, Joseph M.

    2005-05-01

    Unmanned ground and air systems operating in collaboration have the potential to provide future Joint Forces a significant capability for operations in complex terrain. Ground and air collaborative engagements potentially offer force conservation, perform timely acquisition and dissemination of essential combat information, and can eliminate high value and time critical targets. These engagements can also add considerably to force survivability by reducing soldier and equipment exposure during critical operations. The Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Robotics Program (JRP) sponsored Collaborative Engagement Experiment (CEE) is a consolidation of separate Air Force, Army and Navy collaborative efforts to provide a Joint capability. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Aerospace Expeditionary Force Division, Force Protection Branch (AFRLMLQF), The Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) Joint Technology Center (JTC)/Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL), and the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center-San Diego (SSC San Diego) are conducting technical research and proof of principle for an envisioned operational concept for extended range, three dimensional, collaborative operations between unmanned systems, with enhanced situational awareness for lethal operations in complex terrain. This program will assess information requirements and conduct experiments to identify and resolve technical risks for collaborative engagements using Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). It will research, develop and physically integrate multiple unmanned systems and conduct live collaborative experiments. Modeling and Simulation systems will be upgraded to reflect engineering fidelity levels to greater understand technical challenges to operate as a team. This paper will provide an update of a multi-year program and will concentrate primarily on the JTC/SIL efforts. Other papers will outline in detail the Air Force and Navy portions of this effort.

  3. The Association Between Maternal Early Life Forced Sexual Intercourse and Offspring Birth Weight: The Role of Socioeconomic Status.

    PubMed

    Gavin, Amelia R; Morris, Julia

    2017-05-01

    This study utilizes a life-course framework to investigate whether maternal early life forced sexual intercourse operates in conjunction with health behaviors during adolescence, young adulthood, and the prenatal period to influence offspring birth weight. Using data from the 1994-2009 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we examined whether early life forced sexual intercourse predicted offspring birth weight through a mediated pathway, including depressive symptoms, substance use, and prenatal cigarette smoking. We stratify our analysis by socioeconomic status (SES) to determine whether the proposed pathways operate similarly, or differently, according to SES. Our findings suggest that the pathways through which forced sexual intercourse affects offspring birth weight differ by SES. Among middle-to-high SES women, we found a mediated pathway linking forced sexual intercourse to offspring birth weight with prenatal cigarette smoking predicting lower offspring birth weight. Among low SES women, however, we did not find a mediated pathway linking forced sexual intercourse to birth weight. Findings suggest that prenatal cigarette smoking was not a mechanism of influence in the pathway between maternal early life forced sexual intercourse and offspring birth weight for low SES women. Our findings suggest that forced sexual intercourse may influence infant birth weight in the next generation. Infants born with a low birth weight are at increased risk for a myriad of adverse outcomes across the life-course. Study results suggest the importance of interventions designed to reduce behavioral risks and to support health promoting behaviors among survivors in the short term, in an effort to prevent long-term consequences among later-born offspring.

  4. 26 CFR 301.7654-1 - Coordination of U.S. and Guam individual income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Armed Forces of the United States, the special procedure agreed upon with the Department of Defense in... taxpayer shall be determined by taking into account any compensation of any member of the Armed Forces for... any member of the Armed Forces described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section which is paid to Guam...

  5. New test techniques and analytical procedures for understanding the behavior of advanced propellers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stefko, G. L.; Bober, L. J.; Neumann, H. E.

    1983-01-01

    Analytical procedures and experimental techniques were developed to improve the capability to design advanced high speed propellers. Some results from the propeller lifting line and lifting surface aerodynamic analysis codes are compared with propeller force data, probe data and laser velocimeter data. In general, the code comparisons with data indicate good qualitative agreement. A rotating propeller force balance demonstrated good accuracy and reduced test time by 50 percent. Results from three propeller flow visualization techniques are shown which illustrate some of the physical phenomena occurring on these propellers.

  6. Assessment of Ablative Therapies in Swine: Response of Respiratory Diaphragm to Varying Doses.

    PubMed

    Singal, Ashish; Mattison, Lars M; Soule, Charles L; Ballard, John R; Rudie, Eric N; Cressman, Erik N K; Iaizzo, Paul A

    2018-03-28

    Ablation is a common procedure for treating patients with cancer, cardiac arrhythmia, and other conditions, yet it can cause collateral injury to the respiratory diaphragm. Collateral injury can alter the diaphragm's properties and/or lead to respiratory dysfunction. Thus, it is important to understand the diaphragm's physiologic and biomechanical properties in response to ablation therapies, in order to better understand ablative modalities, minimize complications, and maximize the safety and efficacy of ablative procedures. In this study, we analyzed physiologic and biomechanical properties of swine respiratory diaphragm muscle bundles when exposed to 5 ablative modalities. To assess physiologic properties, we performed in vitro tissue bath studies and measured changes in peak force and baseline force. To assess biomechanical properties, we performed uniaxial stress tests, measuring force-displacement responses, stress-strain characteristics, and avulsion forces. After treating the muscle bundles with all 5 ablative modalities, we observed dose-dependent sustained reductions in peak force and transient increases in baseline force-but no consistent dose-dependent biomechanical responses. These data provide novel insights into the effects of various ablative modalities on the respiratory diaphragm, insights that could enable improvements in ablative techniques and therapies.

  7. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Haseler, Luke J., E-mail: l.haseler@griffith.edu.au; Sibbitt, Randy R., E-mail: THESIBB2@aol.com; Sibbitt, Wilmer L., E-mail: wsibbitt@salud.unm.edu

    Purpose: Syringes are used for diagnostic fluid aspiration and fine-needle aspiration biopsy in interventional procedures. We determined the benefits, disadvantages, and patient safety implications of syringe and needle size on vacuum generation, hand force requirements, biopsy/fluid yield, and needle control during aspiration procedures. Materials and Methods: Different sizes (1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 ml) of the conventional syringe and aspirating mechanical safety syringe, the reciprocating procedure device, were studied. Twenty operators performed aspiration procedures with the following outcomes measured: (1) vacuum (torr), (2) time to vacuum (s), (3) hand force to generate vacuum (torr-cm{sup 2}), (4) operator difficulty duringmore » aspiration, (5) biopsy yield (mg), and (6) operator control of the needle tip position (mm). Results: Vacuum increased tissue biopsy yield at all needle diameters (P < 0.002). Twenty-milliliter syringes achieved a vacuum of -517 torr but required far more strength to aspirate, and resulted in significant loss of needle control (P < 0.002). The 10-ml syringe generated only 15% less vacuum (-435 torr) than the 20-ml device and required much less hand strength. The mechanical syringe generated identical vacuum at all syringe sizes with less hand force (P < 0.002) and provided significantly enhanced needle control (P < 0.002). Conclusions: To optimize patient safety and control of the needle, and to maximize fluid and tissue yield during aspiration procedures, a two-handed technique and the smallest syringe size adequate for the procedure should be used. If precise needle control or one-handed operation is required, a mechanical safety syringe should be considered.« less

  8. Assessing the teaching of procedural skills: can cognitive task analysis add to our traditional teaching methods?

    PubMed

    Sullivan, Maura E; Ortega, Adrian; Wasserberg, Nir; Kaufman, Howard; Nyquist, Julie; Clark, Richard

    2008-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to determine if a cognitive task analysis (CTA) could capture steps and decision points that were not articulated during traditional teaching of a colonoscopy. Three expert colorectal surgeons were videotaped performing a colonoscopy. After the videotapes were transcribed, the experts participated in a CTA. A 26-step procedural checklist and a 16-step cognitive demands table was created by using information obtained in the CTA. The videotape transcriptions were transposed onto the procedural checklist and cognitive demands table to identify steps and decision points that were omitted during traditional teaching. Surgeon A described 50% of "how-to" steps and 43% of decision points. Surgeon B described 30% of steps and 25% of decisions. Surgeon C described 26% of steps and 38% of cognitive decisions. By using CTA, we were able to identify relevant steps and decision points that were omitted during traditional teaching by all 3 experts.

  9. 78 FR 7939 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Microwave Ovens (Active Mode)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-04

    ...The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to revise its test procedures for microwave ovens established under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act. The proposed amendments would add provisions for measuring the active mode energy use for microwave ovens, including both microwave-only ovens and convection microwave ovens. Specifically, DOE is proposing provisions for measuring the energy use of the microwave-only cooking mode for both microwave-only ovens and convection microwave ovens based on the testing methods in the latest draft version of the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard 60705, ``Household microwave ovens--Methods for measuring performance.'' DOE is proposing provisions for measuring the energy use of the convection-only cooking mode for convection microwave ovens based on the DOE test procedure for conventional ovens in our regulations. DOE is also proposing to calculate the energy use of the convection-microwave cooking mode for convection microwave ovens by apportioning the microwave-only mode and convection-only mode energy consumption measurements based on typical consumer use.

  10. JEDI - an executive dashboard and decision support system for lean global military medical resource and logistics management.

    PubMed

    Sloane, Elliot B; Rosow, Eric; Adam, Joe; Shine, Dave

    2006-01-01

    Each individual U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy Surgeon General has integrated oversight of global medical supplies and resources using the Joint Medical Asset Repository (JMAR). A Business Intelligence system called the JMAR Executive Dashboard Initiative (JEDI) was developed over a three-year period to add real-time interactive data-mining tools and executive dashboards. Medical resources can now be efficiently reallocated to military, veteran, family, or civilian purposes and inventories can be maintained at lean levels with peaks managed by interactive dashboards that reduce workload and errors.

  11. KSC-03pd0936

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2003-04-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers add another base plate segment to the shrouded Space Infrared Telescope Facility. The base plate is being added for the canister. SIRTF will obtain images and spectra by detecting the infrared energy, or heat, radiated by objects in space. Most of this infrared radiation is blocked by the Earth's atmosphere and cannot be observed from the ground. Consisting of an 0.85-meter telescope and three cryogenically cooled science instruments, SIRTF is one of NASA's largest infrared telescopes to be launched. SIRTF is currently scheduled for launch aboard a Delta II rocket from Launch Complex 17-B, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

  12. KSC-03pd0937

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2003-04-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers add another base plate segment to the shrouded Space Infrared Telescope Facility. The base plate is being added for the canister. SIRTF will obtain images and spectra by detecting the infrared energy, or heat, radiated by objects in space. Most of this infrared radiation is blocked by the Earth's atmosphere and cannot be observed from the ground. Consisting of an 0.85-meter telescope and three cryogenically cooled science instruments, SIRTF is one of NASA's largest infrared telescopes to be launched. SIRTF is currently scheduled for launch aboard a Delta II rocket from Launch Complex 17-B, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

  13. United States Air Force Statistical Digest, Fiscal Year 2000

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2000-09-30

    international affairs; general science, space, and technology; agriculture; administration of justice ; general government; and undistributed offsetting receipts...0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 A6 ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION-AF 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 NOTES: (1) Totals may not add due to rounding. (2) Amounts are as of the FY02... ALABAMA 7,067 7,407 7,085 7,063 6,993 6,795 6,586 6,478 Military 4,735 4,977 4,862 4,899 4,811 4,593 4,444 4,299 Civilian 2,332 2,430 2,223 2,164

  14. Effects of realistic force feedback in a robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery system.

    PubMed

    Moradi Dalvand, Mohsen; Shirinzadeh, Bijan; Nahavandi, Saeid; Smith, Julian

    2014-06-01

    Robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery systems not only have the advantages of traditional laparoscopic procedures but also restore the surgeon's hand-eye coordination and improve the surgeon's precision by filtering hand tremors. Unfortunately, these benefits have come at the expense of the surgeon's ability to feel. Several research efforts have already attempted to restore this feature and study the effects of force feedback in robotic systems. The proposed methods and studies have some shortcomings. The main focus of this research is to overcome some of these limitations and to study the effects of force feedback in palpation in a more realistic fashion. A parallel robot assisted minimally invasive surgery system (PRAMiSS) with force feedback capabilities was employed to study the effects of realistic force feedback in palpation of artificial tissue samples. PRAMiSS is capable of actually measuring the tip/tissue interaction forces directly from the surgery site. Four sets of experiments using only vision feedback, only force feedback, simultaneous force and vision feedback and direct manipulation were conducted to evaluate the role of sensory feedback from sideways tip/tissue interaction forces with a scale factor of 100% in characterising tissues of varying stiffness. Twenty human subjects were involved in the experiments for at least 1440 trials. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were employed to statistically analyse the experimental results. Providing realistic force feedback in robotic assisted surgery systems improves the quality of tissue characterization procedures. Force feedback capability also increases the certainty of characterizing soft tissues compared with direct palpation using the lateral sides of index fingers. The force feedback capability can improve the quality of palpation and characterization of soft tissues of varying stiffness by restoring sense of touch in robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery operations.

  15. Development of a Haptic Interface for Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery Simulation

    PubMed Central

    Dargar, Saurabh; Sankaranarayanan, Ganesh

    2016-01-01

    Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a minimally invasive procedure, which utilizes the body’s natural orifices to gain access to the peritoneal cavity. The NOTES procedure is designed to minimize external scarring and patient trauma, however flexible endoscopy based pure NOTES procedures require critical scope handling skills. The delicate nature of the NOTES procedure requires extensive training, thus to improve access to training while reducing risk to patients we have designed and developed the VTEST©, a virtual reality NOTES simulator. As part of the simulator, a novel decoupled 2-DOF haptic device was developed to provide realistic force feedback to the user in training. A series of experiments were performed to determine the behavioral characteristics of the device. The device was found capable of rendering up to 5.62N and 0.190Nm of continuous force and torque in the translational and rotational DOF, respectively. The device possesses 18.1Hz and 5.7Hz of force bandwidth in the translational and rotational DOF, respectively. A feedforward friction compensator was also successfully implemented to minimize the negative impact of friction during the interaction with the device. In this work we have presented the detailed development and evaluation of the haptic device for the VTEST©. PMID:27008674

  16. State of Technology for Renewal of Sewer Force Mains

    EPA Science Inventory

    This paper presents the results of a review of the state of technology for renewal of force mains (EPA, 2010). The review identified several needs, including the need for rational and common design approaches for rehabilitation systems, quality assurance/quality control procedur...

  17. Physics Notes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    School Science Review, 1981

    1981-01-01

    Outlines a variety of laboratory procedures, demonstrations, and classroom materials including a technique for estimating speed of electromagnetic waves; a support for multipin components when soldering; use of dynometer to measure force; bending light; using a microcomputer to measure and produce voltage; force-distance curves; and two games. (DS)

  18. Dimensional reduction of a general advection–diffusion equation in 2D channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kalinay, Pavol; Slanina, František

    2018-06-01

    Diffusion of point-like particles in a two-dimensional channel of varying width is studied. The particles are driven by an arbitrary space dependent force. We construct a general recurrence procedure mapping the corresponding two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation onto the longitudinal coordinate x. Unlike the previous specific cases, the presented procedure enables us to find the one-dimensional description of the confined diffusion even for non-conservative (vortex) forces, e.g. caused by flowing solvent dragging the particles. We show that the result is again the generalized Fick–Jacobs equation. Despite of non existing scalar potential in the case of vortex forces, the effective one-dimensional scalar potential, as well as the corresponding quasi-equilibrium and the effective diffusion coefficient can be always found.

  19. Procedure for utilizing the lift and thrust forces of ornithopters

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bezard, C.

    1985-01-01

    This procedure is distinguished by two beating wings which together describe, in space, a succession of interlaced triangles. On these wings, whose incidence varies automatically, identical forces are exerted: simultaneous lift and thrust when they make their descent, which is inclined toward the front of the craft, and lift alone when they make their ascent, which is inclined toward the rear of the craft and follows a slide horizontal movement. A mechanical device makes these movements possible. It includes: two wings with hollow profiles, connected by a framework located above a rigid frame and attached to it by bars with joints. These bars are moved with control rods which gear down the drive force. A mechanism with elastic bands or springs automatically varies the incidence of the wings.

  20. The Prediction of the Work of Friction Force on the Arbitrary Path

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Matehkolaee, Mehdi Jafari; Majidian, Kourosh

    2013-01-01

    In this paper we have calculated the work of friction force on the arbitrary path. In our method didn't use from energy conservative conceptions any way. The distinction of this procedure is that at least do decrease measurement on the path once. Thus we can forecast the amount of work of friction force without information about speed of…

  1. Investigation of the dependence of joint contact forces on musculotendon parameters using a codified workflow for image-based modelling.

    PubMed

    Modenese, Luca; Montefiori, Erica; Wang, Anqi; Wesarg, Stefan; Viceconti, Marco; Mazzà, Claudia

    2018-05-17

    The generation of subject-specific musculoskeletal models of the lower limb has become a feasible task thanks to improvements in medical imaging technology and musculoskeletal modelling software. Nevertheless, clinical use of these models in paediatric applications is still limited for what concerns the estimation of muscle and joint contact forces. Aiming to improve the current state of the art, a methodology to generate highly personalized subject-specific musculoskeletal models of the lower limb based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans was codified as a step-by-step procedure and applied to data from eight juvenile individuals. The generated musculoskeletal models were used to simulate 107 gait trials using stereophotogrammetric and force platform data as input. To ensure completeness of the modelling procedure, muscles' architecture needs to be estimated. Four methods to estimate muscles' maximum isometric force and two methods to estimate musculotendon parameters (optimal fiber length and tendon slack length) were assessed and compared, in order to quantify their influence on the models' output. Reported results represent the first comprehensive subject-specific model-based characterization of juvenile gait biomechanics, including profiles of joint kinematics and kinetics, muscle forces and joint contact forces. Our findings suggest that, when musculotendon parameters were linearly scaled from a reference model and the muscle force-length-velocity relationship was accounted for in the simulations, realistic knee contact forces could be estimated and these forces were not sensitive the method used to compute muscle maximum isometric force. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  2. 14 CFR 1204.1003 - Procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Procedures. 1204.1003 Section 1204.1003 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY AND POLICY... members of the installation's uniformed security force will conduct inspections pursuant to this subpart...

  3. 49 CFR Appendix E to Part 240 - Recommended Procedures for Conducting Skill Performance Tests

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... tailor their testing procedures to the specific operational realities. This appendix contains FRA's..., headlight? —Couple to cars at a safe speed? —Properly control in train slack and buff forces? —Properly use...

  4. Final Environmental Assessment Addressing 21st Explosive Ordinance Disposal Weapons of Mass Destruction Facilities Demolition and Expansion at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-07-01

    KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE, NEW MEXICO JULY 2011 Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704...Facilities Demolition and Expansion at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d...EXPANSION KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE, NEW MEXICO Pursuant to the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations for implementing procedural

  5. Critical Steps in Data Analysis for Precision Casimir Force Measurements with Semiconducting Films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Banishev, A. A.; Chang, Chia-Cheng; Mohideen, U.

    2011-06-01

    Some experimental procedures and corresponding results of the precision measurement of the Casimir force between low doped Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film and gold sphere are described. Measurements were performed using an Atomic Force Microscope in high vacuum. It is shown that the magnitude of the Casimir force decreases after prolonged UV treatment of the ITO film. Some critical data analysis steps such as the correction for the mechanical drift of the sphere-plate system and photodiodes are discussed.

  6. Critical Steps in Data Analysis for Precision Casimir Force Measurements with Semiconducting Films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Banishev, A. A.; Chang, Chia-Cheng; Mohideen, U.

    Some experimental procedures and corresponding results of the precision measurement of the Casimir force between low doped Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film and gold sphere are described. Measurements were performed using an Atomic Force Microscope in high vacuum. It is shown that the magnitude of the Casimir force decreases after prolonged UV treatment of the ITO film. Some critical data analysis steps such as the correction for the mechanical drift of the sphere-plate system and photodiodes are discussed.

  7. 32 CFR 644.82 - Prerequisites to acquisition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Report (for Army, other than Civil Works, and Air Force projects) is approved and specific authorization of the Chief of Engineers, or the appropriate Air Force Regional Civil Engineer (AFRCE), to proceed... procedures hereinafter set forth. (b) Tract description. Authority to initiate engineering planning of a...

  8. 32 CFR 644.82 - Prerequisites to acquisition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Report (for Army, other than Civil Works, and Air Force projects) is approved and specific authorization of the Chief of Engineers, or the appropriate Air Force Regional Civil Engineer (AFRCE), to proceed... procedures hereinafter set forth. (b) Tract description. Authority to initiate engineering planning of a...

  9. Surgeon-tool force/torque signatures--evaluation of surgical skills in minimally invasive surgery.

    PubMed

    Rosen, J; MacFarlane, M; Richards, C; Hannaford, B; Sinanan, M

    1999-01-01

    The best method of training for laparoscopic surgical skills is controversial. Some advocate observation in the operating room, while others promote animal and simulated models or a combination of surgical related tasks. The mode of proficiency evaluation common to all of these methods has been subjective evaluation by a skilled surgeon. In order to define an objective means of evaluating performance, an instrumented laparoscopic grasper was developed measuring the force/torque at the surgeon hand/tool interface. The measured database demonstrated substantial differences between experienced and novice surgeon groups. Analyzing forces and torques combined with the state transition during surgical procedures allows an objective measurement of skill in MIS. Teaching the novice surgeon to limit excessive loads and improve movement efficiency during surgical procedures can potentially result in less injury to soft tissues and less wasted time during laparoscopic surgery. Moreover the force/torque database measured in this study may be used for developing realistic virtual reality simulators and optimization of medical robots performance.

  10. Thermodynamically consistent coarse graining of biocatalysts beyond Michaelis–Menten

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wachtel, Artur; Rao, Riccardo; Esposito, Massimiliano

    2018-04-01

    Starting from the detailed catalytic mechanism of a biocatalyst we provide a coarse-graining procedure which, by construction, is thermodynamically consistent. This procedure provides stoichiometries, reaction fluxes (rate laws), and reaction forces (Gibbs energies of reaction) for the coarse-grained level. It can treat active transporters and molecular machines, and thus extends the applicability of ideas that originated in enzyme kinetics. Our results lay the foundations for systematic studies of the thermodynamics of large-scale biochemical reaction networks. Moreover, we identify the conditions under which a relation between one-way fluxes and forces holds at the coarse-grained level as it holds at the detailed level. In doing so, we clarify the speculations and broad claims made in the literature about such a general flux–force relation. As a further consequence we show that, in contrast to common belief, the second law of thermodynamics does not require the currents and the forces of biochemical reaction networks to be always aligned.

  11. Contact force monitoring during catheter ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease.

    PubMed

    Krause, Ulrich; Backhoff, David; Klehs, Sophia; Schneider, Heike E; Paul, Thomas

    2016-08-01

    Monitoring of catheter contact force during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation has been shown to increase efficacy and safety. However, almost no data exists on the use of this technology in catheter ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of contact force monitoring during catheter ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in those patients. Catheter ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia using monitoring of catheter contact force was performed in 28 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Thirty-two patients matched according to gender, age, and body weight with congenital heart disease undergoing catheter ablation without contact force monitoring served as control group. Parameters reflecting acute procedural success, long-term efficacy, and safety were compared. Acute procedural success was statistically not different in both groups (contact force 93 % vs. control 84 %, p = 0.3). Likewise the recurrence rate 1 year after ablation as shown by Kaplan-Meier analysis did not differ (contact force 28 % vs. control 37 %, p = 0.63). Major complications were restricted to groin vessel injuries and occurred in 3 out of 60 patients (contact force n = 1; control n = 2). Complications related to excessive catheter contact force were not observed. The present study did not show superiority of catheter contact force monitoring during ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with CHD in terms of efficacy and safety. Higher contact force compared to pulmonary vein isolation might therefore be required to increase the efficacy of catheter ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease.

  12. MILSTRIP. MILitary, STandard, Requisitioning and Issue Procedures.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-05-01

    Reduction in the Use of Exception Data Requisitions (Staffed by PMCL 483A), fully implements the use of Status Code D6 under chapter 2 and appendix B16 ...and appendices BI, B16 , C4, and C17. (1 Nov 92) C. AMCL 16, Revised Dollar Threshold for Shipment Status (DI AS3) to DRMS (Staffed by PMCL 13A...and appendices Bi, B16 , and C46, and adds new appendix A34. (1 Nov 92) F. AMCL 165A, Status Codes for Nonconsumable Items (Staffed by PMCL 478

  13. A three-dimensional structured/unstructured hybrid Navier-Stokes method for turbine blade rows

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tsung, F.-L.; Loellbach, J.; Kwon, O.; Hah, C.

    1994-01-01

    A three-dimensional viscous structured/unstructured hybrid scheme has been developed for numerical computation of high Reynolds number turbomachinery flows. The procedure allows an efficient structured solver to be employed in the densely clustered, high aspect-ratio grid around the viscous regions near solid surfaces, while employing an unstructured solver elsewhere in the flow domain to add flexibility in mesh generation. Test results for an inviscid flow over an external transonic wing and a Navier-Stokes flow for an internal annular cascade are presented.

  14. Spreadsheet macros for coloring sequence alignments.

    PubMed

    Haygood, M G

    1993-12-01

    This article describes a set of Microsoft Excel macros designed to color amino acid and nucleotide sequence alignments for review and preparation of visual aids. The colored alignments can then be modified to emphasize features of interest. Procedures for importing and coloring sequences are described. The macro file adds a new menu to the menu bar containing sequence-related commands to enable users unfamiliar with Excel to use the macros more readily. The macros were designed for use with Macintosh computers but will also run with the DOS version of Excel.

  15. Design of high-fidelity haptic display for one-dimensional force reflection applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gillespie, Brent; Rosenberg, Louis B.

    1995-12-01

    This paper discusses the development of a virtual reality platform for the simulation of medical procedures which involve needle insertion into human tissue. The paper's focus is the hardware and software requirements for haptic display of a particular medical procedure known as epidural analgesia. To perform this delicate manual procedure, an anesthesiologist must carefully guide a needle through various layers of tissue using only haptic cues for guidance. As a simplifying aspect for the simulator design, all motions and forces involved in the task occur along a fixed line once insertion begins. To create a haptic representation of this procedure, we have explored both physical modeling and perceptual modeling techniques. A preliminary physical model was built based on CT-scan data of the operative site. A preliminary perceptual model was built based on current training techniques for the procedure provided by a skilled instructor. We compare and contrast these two modeling methods and discuss the implications of each. We select and defend the perceptual model as a superior approach for the epidural analgesia simulator.

  16. Using stamping punch force variation for the identification of changes in lubrication and wear mechanism

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Voss, B. M.; Pereira, M. P.; Rolfe, B. F.; Doolan, M. C.

    2017-09-01

    The growth in use of Advanced High Strength Steels in the automotive industry for light-weighting and safety has increased the rates of tool wear in sheet metal stamping. This is an issue that adds significant costs to production in terms of manual inspection and part refinishing. To reduce these costs, a tool condition monitoring system is required and a firm understanding of process signal variation must form the foundation for any such monitoring system. Punch force is a stamping process signal that is widely collected by industrial presses and has been linked closely to part quality and tool condition, making it an ideal candidate as a tool condition monitoring signal. In this preliminary investigation, the variation of punch force due to different lubrication conditions and progressive wear are examined. Linking specific punch force signature changes to developing lubrication and wear events is valuable for die wear and stamping condition monitoring. A series of semi-industrial channel forming trials were conducted under different lubrication regimes and progressive die wear. Punch force signatures were captured for each part and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the key Principal Components of the signature data sets. These Principal Components were linked to the evolution of friction conditions over the course of the stroke for the different lubrication regimes and mechanism of galling wear. As a result, variation in punch force signatures were correlated to the current mechanism of wear dominant on the formed part; either abrasion or adhesion, and to changes in lubrication mechanism. The outcomes of this study provide important insights into punch force signature variation, that will provide a foundation for future work into the development of die wear and lubrication monitoring systems for sheet metal stamping.

  17. Design, calibration and testing of a force balance for a hypersonic shock tunnel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vadassery, Pravin

    The forces acting on a flight vehicle are critical for determining its performance. Of particular interest is the hypersonic regime. Force measurements are much more complex in hypersonic flows, where those speeds are simulated in shock tunnels. A force balance for such facilities contains sensitive gages that measure stress waves and ultimately determine the different components of force acting on the model. An external force balance was designed and fabricated for the UTA Hypersonic shock tunnel to measure drag at Mach 10. Static and dynamic calibrations were performed to find the transfer function of the system. Forces were recovered using a deconvolution procedure. To validate the force balance, experiments were conducted on a blunt cone. The measured forces were compared to Newtonian theory.

  18. 76 FR 33999 - Spouse and Surviving Spouse; Technical Amendment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-10

    ... procedure, Aged, Authority delegations, Blind, Buildings, Civil rights, Employment, Equal educational... Administrative practice and procedure, Armed forces, Civil rights, Claims, Colleges and universities, Conflict of...-ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS--EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT...

  19. Measuring the nonlinear elastic properties of tissue-like phantoms.

    PubMed

    Erkamp, Ramon Q; Skovoroda, Andrei R; Emelianov, Stanislav Y; O'Donnell, Matthew

    2004-04-01

    A direct mechanical system simultaneously measuring external force and deformation of samples over a wide dynamic range is used to obtain force-displacement curves of tissue-like phantoms under plain strain deformation. These measurements, covering a wide deformation range, then are used to characterize the nonlinear elastic properties of the phantom materials. The model assumes incompressible media, in which several strain energy potentials are considered. Finite-element analysis is used to evaluate the performance of this material characterization procedure. The procedures developed allow calibration of nonlinear elastic phantoms for elasticity imaging experiments and finite-element simulations.

  20. Calibration of force actuators on an adaptive secondary prototype.

    PubMed

    Ricci, Davide; Riccardi, Armando; Zanotti, Daniela

    2008-07-10

    In the context of the Large Binocular Telescope project, we present the results of force actuator calibrations performed on an adaptive secondary prototype called P45, a thin deformable glass with magnets glued onto its back. Electromagnetic actuators, controlled in a closed loop with a system of internal metrology based on capacitive sensors, continuously deform its shape to correct the distortions of the wavefront. Calibrations of the force actuators are needed because of the differences between driven forces and measured forces. We describe the calibration procedures and the results, obtained with errors of less than 1.5%.

  1. The Extended Nasoseptal Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction of the Clival Region: An Anatomical and Radiological Study

    PubMed Central

    Peris-Celda, Maria; Pinheiro-Neto, Carlos Diogenes; Funaki, Takeshi; Fernandez-Miranda, Juan C.; Gardner, Paul; Snyderman, Carl; Rhoton, Albert L.

    2013-01-01

    Objective Reconstruction of large clival defects after an endoscopic endonasal procedure is challenging. The objective is to analyze the morphology, indications, and limitations of the extended nasoseptal flap, which adds the nasal floor and inferior meatus mucosa, compared with the standard nasoseptal flap, for clival reconstruction. Design Twenty-seven sides of formalin-fixed anatomical specimens and 13 computed tomography (CT) scans were used. Under 0-degree endoscopic visualization, a standard flap on one side and an extended flap on the other side were performed, as well as exposure of the sella, cavernous sinus, and clival dura mater. Coverage of both flaps was assessed, and they were incised and extracted for measurements. Results The extended flap has two parts: septal and inferior meatal. The extended flaps are 20 mm longer and add 774 mm2 of mucosal area. They cover a clival defect from tuberculum to foramen magnum in 66.6% cases and from below the sella in 91.6%. They cover both parasellar and paraclival segments of the internal carotid arteries. The lateral inferior limits are the medial aspect of the hypoglossal canals and Eustachian tubes. CT scans can predict the need or limitation of an extended nasoseptal flap. Conclusions The nasal floor and inferior meatus mucosa adds a significant area for reconstruction of the clivus. A defect laterally beyond the hypoglossal canals is not likely covered with this variation of the flap. Preoperative CT scans are useful to guide the reconstruction techniques. PMID:24436940

  2. Standard operating procedures (SOPs): reason for, types of, adequacy, approval, and deviations from and revisions to.

    PubMed

    Isaman, V; Thelin, R

    1995-09-01

    Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are required in order to comply with the Good Laboratory Practice Standards (GLPS) as promulgated in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 40 CFR Part 160. Paragraph 160.81 (a) states: "A testing facility shall have standard operating procedures in writing setting forth study methods that management is satisfied are adequate to insure the quality and integrity of the data generated in the course of a study." Types of SOPs include administrative and personnel, analyses, substances, quality assurance and records, test system, equipment, and field related. All SOPs must be adequate in scope to describe the function in sufficient detail such that the study data are reproducible. All SOPs must be approved by a management level as described in a corporate organization chart. Signatures for SOP responsibility, authorship, and Quality Assurance review adds strength and accountability to the SOP. In the event a procedure or method is performed differently from what is stated in the SOP, an SOP deviation is necessary. As methods and procedures are improved, SOP revisions are necessary to maintain SOP adequacy and applicability. The replaced SOP is put into a historical SOP file and all copies of the replaced SOPs are destroyed.

  3. Estimating the transfer function of the cantilever in atomic force microscopy: A system identification approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stark, Martin; Guckenberger, Reinhard; Stemmer, Andreas; Stark, Robert W.

    2005-12-01

    Dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers many opportunities for the characterization and manipulation of matter on the nanometer scale with a high temporal resolution. The analysis of time-dependent forces is basic for a deeper understanding of phenomena such as friction, plastic deformation, and surface wetting. However, the dynamic characteristics of the force sensor used for such investigations are determined by various factors such as material and geometry of the cantilever, detection alignment, and the transfer characteristics of the detector. Thus, for a quantitative investigation of surface properties by dynamic AFM an appropriate system identification procedure is required, characterizing the force sensor beyond the usual parameters spring constant, quality factor, and detection sensitivity. Measurement of the transfer function provides such a characterization that fully accounts for the dynamic properties of the force sensor. Here, we demonstrate the estimation of the transfer function in a bandwidth of 1MHz from experimental data. To this end, we analyze the signal of the vibrations induced by snap-to-contact and snap-off-contact events. For the free cantilever, we determine both a parameter-free estimate [empirical transfer function estimate (ETFE)] and a parametric estimate of the transfer function. For the surface-coupled cantilever the ETFE is obtained. These identification procedures provide an intrinsic calibration as they dispense largely with a priori knowledge about the force sensor.

  4. A New Analytic Framework for Moderation Analysis --- Moving Beyond Analytic Interactions

    PubMed Central

    Tang, Wan; Yu, Qin; Crits-Christoph, Paul; Tu, Xin M.

    2009-01-01

    Conceptually, a moderator is a variable that modifies the effect of a predictor on a response. Analytically, a common approach as used in most moderation analyses is to add analytic interactions involving the predictor and moderator in the form of cross-variable products and test the significance of such terms. The narrow scope of such a procedure is inconsistent with the broader conceptual definition of moderation, leading to confusion in interpretation of study findings. In this paper, we develop a new approach to the analytic procedure that is consistent with the concept of moderation. The proposed framework defines moderation as a process that modifies an existing relationship between the predictor and the outcome, rather than simply a test of a predictor by moderator interaction. The approach is illustrated with data from a real study. PMID:20161453

  5. Dimensionality of organizational justice in a call center context.

    PubMed

    Flint, Douglas; Haley, Lynn M; McNally, Jeffrey J

    2012-04-01

    Summary.-Employees in three call centers were surveyed about their perceptions of organizational justice. Four factors were measured: distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice, and informational justice. Structural equation modeling was employed to test whether a two-, three-, or four-factor model best fit the call center data. A three-factor model of distributive, procedural, and informational justice provided the best fit to these data. The three-factor model that showed the best fit does not conform to any of the more traditional models identified in the organizational justice literature. This implies that the context in which organizational justice is measured may play a role in identifying which justice factors are relevant to employees. Findings add to the empirical evidence on the dimensionality of organizational justice and imply that dimensionality of organizational justice is more context-dependent than previously thought.

  6. Alterations to Functional Analysis Methodology to Clarify the Functions of Low Rate, High Intensity Problem Behavior

    PubMed Central

    Davis, Barbara J; Schmidt, Jonathan; Bowman, Lynn G; Boelter, Eric W

    2012-01-01

    Current research provides few suggestions for modifications to functional analysis procedures to accommodate low rate, high intensity problem behavior. This study examined the results of the extended duration functional analysis procedures of Kahng, Abt, and Schonbachler (2001) with six children admitted to an inpatient hospital for the treatment of severe problem behavior. Results of initial functional analyses (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994) were inconclusive for all children because of low levels of responding. The altered functional analyses, which changed multiple variables including the duration of the functional analysis (i.e., 6 or 7 hrs), yielded clear behavioral functions for all six participants. These results add additional support for the utility of an altered analysis of low rate, high intensity problem behavior when standard functional analyses do not yield differentiated results. PMID:23326628

  7. Alterations to functional analysis methodology to clarify the functions of low rate, high intensity problem behavior.

    PubMed

    Davis, Barbara J; Kahng, Sungwoo; Schmidt, Jonathan; Bowman, Lynn G; Boelter, Eric W

    2012-01-01

    Current research provides few suggestions for modifications to functional analysis procedures to accommodate low rate, high intensity problem behavior. This study examined the results of the extended duration functional analysis procedures of Kahng, Abt, and Schonbachler (2001) with six children admitted to an inpatient hospital for the treatment of severe problem behavior. Results of initial functional analyses (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994) were inconclusive for all children because of low levels of responding. The altered functional analyses, which changed multiple variables including the duration of the functional analysis (i.e., 6 or 7 hrs), yielded clear behavioral functions for all six participants. These results add additional support for the utility of an altered analysis of low rate, high intensity problem behavior when standard functional analyses do not yield differentiated results.

  8. Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Antiterrorism

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-03-17

    VI-5 VII-1 Fortification Materials...concealment and inability to create perimeter stand-off. Political restrictions may also limit the military’s ability to construct fortifications or... fortifications , sensors, obstacles, local-hire security forces (if applicable), unit guards, deception, and on-call support from reaction forces. Each

  9. 78 FR 42719 - Test Procedures for Showerheads, Faucets, Water Closets, Urinals, and Commercial Prerinse Spray...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-17

    ... showerhead must be manufactured such that a pushing or pulling force of 8 lbf or more is required to remove... mechanically retained at the point of manufacture such that a pulling or pushing force of 8 lbf or more is...

  10. Report of the Task Force on AIDS and Dental Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Molinari, John; Gray, Carolyn F.

    1988-01-01

    The American Association of Dental Schools' task force on acquired immune deficiency syndrome and dental education recommends that educational strategies stress the necessity for routine infection control procedures in treatment, enhancing the health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning all aspects of disease prevention.…

  11. 48 CFR 202.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Command Air Force Materiel Command Air Force Reserve Command Air Combat Command Air Mobility Command Air... agencies have been delegated authority to act as head of the agency for their respective agencies (i.e., to... offers, means a procedure used in negotiated acquisitions, when market research is inconclusive for...

  12. DOT-105/111/112/114 Tank Cars Shell Cracking and Structural Integrity Assessment: Task Force Report

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1986-02-01

    In August 1985, the FRA Associate Administrator for Safety asked the DOT Transportation Systems Center to make a preliminary technical assessment of the adequacy of the manufacturer's inspection and repair procedures. The Center formed a task force f...

  13. Task Force on Declining Enrollment. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hamden Public Schools, CT.

    This task force in Hamden, Connecticut, discovered an intricate relationship among declining enrollment and finances, buildings, community impact, and educational impact. Their study resulted in nine conclusions and recommendations. (1) We will recommend to the board of education criteria, procedures, and timetables for closing a school. (2)…

  14. Core drill's bit is replaceable without withdrawal of drill stem - A concept

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rushing, F. C.; Simon, A. B.

    1970-01-01

    Drill bit is divided into several sectors. When collapsed, the outside diameter is forced down the drill stem, when it reaches bottom the sectors are forced outward and form a cutting bit. A dulled bit is retracted by reversal of this procedure.

  15. Maintenance Training Simulators Design and Acquisition: Summary of Current Procedures.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-11-01

    of maintenance training and training equipment for new systems . This organization has a core of highly experienced ISD team personnel and has evolved...S LABORATORY AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND BROOKS AIR FORCE BAbE,TEXAS 78235 ." .~ 8. . NOTI(’F When U.S. Government drawings. specifications. ot otlher...Force personirel in performning 4 Instrutinal Systems Devlopmrent (ISO) analyses to define maintenance training equipment requirements. and byv

  16. The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Eight Years

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-24

    military forces to action in Yugoslavia without congressional authorization, Representative Tom Campbell used expedited procedures under the...Resolution to force a debate and votes on U.S. military action in Yugoslavia, and later sought, unsuccessfully, through a federal court suit to enforce...this case the military action was completed and U.S. armed forces had disengaged from the area of conflict when the report was made. The reports

  17. Peacekeeping. A Selected Bibliography

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-01-01

    Tactics. Techniques. and Procedures. CLIC Paper. Langley Air Force Base: US Army- Air Force Center for Low Intensity Conflict, April 1989. 96pp...Organization of African Unity to Develop a Peacekeeping Capability. Research Report. Maxwell Air Force Base: US Air University, Air War College, 1990...Arab League and Peacekeeping in the Lebanon. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987. 214pp. (DS36.2 P64 1987) Renner , Michael. Critical Juncture: The

  18. Evolution of Force Sensing Technologies.

    PubMed

    Shah, Dipen

    2017-06-01

    In order to Improve the procedural success and long-term outcomes of catheter ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation (AF), an Important unfulfilled requirement is to create durable electrophysiologically complete lesions. Measurement of contact force (CF) between the catheter tip and the target tissue can guide physicians to optimise both mapping and ablation procedures. Contact force can affect lesion size and clinical outcomes following catheter ablation of AF. Force sensing technologies have matured since their advent several years ago, and now allow the direct measurement of CF between the catheter tip and the target myocardium in real time. In order to obtain complete durable lesions, catheter tip spatial stability and stable contact force are important. Suboptimal energy delivery, lesion density/contiguity and/or excessive wall thickness of the pulmonary vein-left atrial (PV-LA) junction may result in conduction recovery at these sites. Lesion assessment tools may help predict and localise electrical weak points resulting in conduction recovery during and after ablation. There is increasing clinical evidence to show that optimal use of CF sensing during ablation can reduce acute PV re-conduction, although prospective randomised studies are desirable to confirm long-term favourable clinical outcomes. In combination with optimised lesion assessment tools, contact force sensing technology has the potential to become the standard of care for all patients undergoing AF catheter ablation.

  19. LightForce Photon-pressure Collision Avoidance: Efficiency Analysis in the Current Debris Environment and Long-Term Simulation Perspective

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yang, Fan Y.; Nelson, Bron; Carlino, Roberto; Perez, Andres D.; Faber, Nicolas; Henze, Chris; Karacahoglu, Arif G.; O'Toole, Conor; Swenson, Jason; Stupl, Jan

    2015-01-01

    This work provides an efficiency analysis of the LightForce space debris collision avoidance scheme in the current debris environment and describes a simulation approach to assess its impact on the long-term evolution of the space debris environment. LightForce aims to provide just-in-time collision avoidance by utilizing photon pressure from ground-based industrial lasers. These ground stations impart minimal accelerations to increase the miss distance for a predicted conjunction between two objects. In the first part of this paper we will present research that investigates the short-term effect of a few systems consisting of 10kW class lasers directed by 1.5 m diameter telescopes using adaptive optics. The results found such a network of ground stations to mitigate more than 85 percent of conjunctions and could lower the expected number of collisions in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by an order of magnitude. While these are impressive numbers that indicate LightForce's utility in the short-term, the remaining 15 percent of possible collisions contain (among others) conjunctions between two massive objects that would add large amount of debris if they collide. Still, conjunctions between massive objects and smaller objects can be mitigated. Hence we choose to expand the capabilities of the simulation software to investigate the overall effect of a network of LightForce stations on the long-term debris evolution. In the second part of this paper, we will present the planed simulation approach for that effort.

  20. Synthesis of High-Speed Digital Systems.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-11-08

    1 (sub2 sub 16 2 (sub3 sub 16) 3 (sub4 sub 16) 4 (eub5 sub 16) 5 (sub6 sub 16) 6 ( sub7 sub 16) 7 (addi add 16) 8 (add2 add 16) 9 (add3 add 16) 10...seB uub5 J2 16 se5) 15 (se6 sub6 JI 16 soO) 18 (se7 sub7 J5 16 se7) 17 (aol addi Dl 16 aol) 18 (a921 add2 add7 18 a02) 19 (&922 add2 add5 16 a02) 20...de4l D4 add4 16 de4) 33 Wd942 D4 sub4 16 de4) 34 (de~i D5 sub7 16 de5) 35 (deS2 D5 add8 16 deS) 36 (jell Ji add7 16 jel) 37 (je12 JI D5 16 jel) 38 (je2

  1. Use of patient specific 3D printed (3DP) neurovascular phantoms for mechanical assessment of devices used in image guided minimally invasive procedures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tabaczynski, Janelle R.; Stoll, Thomas; Shepard, Lauren; Siddiqui, Mohamed I. G.; Karkhanis, Nitant V.; Sommer, Kelsey; Siddiqui, Adnan H.; Ionita, Ciprian N.

    2018-03-01

    Patient-specific 3D printed phantoms (3DP) can reproduce accurate patient geometry and provide precise tools for Endovascular Image Guided Interventions (EIGI) simulations. We propose to build and test 3DP phantoms which mimic the arterial wall elasticity and surface properties and demonstrate their utility in comprehensive EIGI simulations. 3DP idealized and patient specific vascular phantoms were manufactured using Stratasys Objet 500 Connex 3. The idealized phantoms were created using a sine wave shape, patient specific phantoms were based on CT- angiography volumes. The phantoms were coated with a hydrophilic material to mimic vascular surface properties. We tested various endovascular procedures using an Interventional Device Testing Equipment (IDTE) 2000 and measured push/pull force used to actuate endovascular devices during EIGIs. The force needed to advance devices in neurovascular phantoms varied based on tortuosity, material and coating, ranging from -3 to 21 grams-force. Hydrophilic coating reduced maximum force from 21 to 4.8 grams-force in the same model. IDTE 2000 results of neurovascular models were compared to hand manipulation of guidewire access using a six-axis force sensor with forces ranging from -50 to 440 grams. The clot retriever tested in carotid models experienced most friction around tortuous bends ranging from -65 to -90 grams-force, with increasing rigidity of materials creating increased friction. Sine wave model forces varied from -2 to 105 grams. 3DP allows manufacturing of vascular phantoms with precise mechanical and surface properties which can be used for EIGI simulations for imaging protocol optimization and device behavior assessment.

  2. A behavior analytic analogue of learning to use synonyms, syntax, and parts of speech.

    PubMed

    Chase, Philip N; Ellenwood, David W; Madden, Gregory

    2008-01-01

    Matching-to-sample and sequence training procedures were used to develop responding to stimulus classes that were considered analogous to 3 aspects of verbal behavior: identifying synonyms and parts of speech, and using syntax. Matching-to-sample procedures were used to train 12 paired associates from among 24 stimuli. These pairs were analogous to synonyms. Then, sequence characteristics were trained to 6 of the stimuli. The result was the formation of 3 classes of 4 stimuli, with the classes controlling a sequence response analogous to a simple ordering syntax: first, second, and third. Matching-to-sample procedures were then used to add 4 stimuli to each class. These stimuli, without explicit sequence training, also began to control the same sequence responding as the other members of their class. Thus, three 8-member functionally equivalent sequence classes were formed. These classes were considered to be analogous to parts of speech. Further testing revealed three 8-member equivalence classes and 512 different sequences of first, second, and third. The study indicated that behavior analytic procedures may be used to produce some generative aspects of verbal behavior related to simple syntax and semantics.

  3. Medical Laboratory Technician--Microbiology (AFSC 90470).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thompson, Joselyn H.

    This four-volume student text is designed for use by Air Force personnel enrolled in a self-study extension course for medical laboratory technicians. Covered in the individual volumes are laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology (the history of bacteriology; aseptic techniques and sterilization procedures; bacterial morphology and…

  4. The ocean's role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing

    PubMed Central

    Marshall, John; Armour, Kyle C.; Scott, Jeffery R.; Kostov, Yavor; Hausmann, Ute; Ferreira, David; Shepherd, Theodore G.; Bitz, Cecilia M.

    2014-01-01

    In recent decades, the Arctic has been warming and sea ice disappearing. By contrast, the Southern Ocean around Antarctica has been (mainly) cooling and sea-ice extent growing. We argue here that interhemispheric asymmetries in the mean ocean circulation, with sinking in the northern North Atlantic and upwelling around Antarctica, strongly influence the sea-surface temperature (SST) response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, accelerating warming in the Arctic while delaying it in the Antarctic. Furthermore, while the amplitude of GHG forcing has been similar at the poles, significant ozone depletion only occurs over Antarctica. We suggest that the initial response of SST around Antarctica to ozone depletion is one of cooling and only later adds to the GHG-induced warming trend as upwelling of sub-surface warm water associated with stronger surface westerlies impacts surface properties. We organize our discussion around ‘climate response functions’ (CRFs), i.e. the response of the climate to ‘step’ changes in anthropogenic forcing in which GHG and/or ozone-hole forcing is abruptly turned on and the transient response of the climate revealed and studied. Convolutions of known or postulated GHG and ozone-hole forcing functions with their respective CRFs then yield the transient forced SST response (implied by linear response theory), providing a context for discussion of the differing warming/cooling trends in the Arctic and Antarctic. We speculate that the period through which we are now passing may be one in which the delayed warming of SST associated with GHG forcing around Antarctica is largely cancelled by the cooling effects associated with the ozone hole. By mid-century, however, ozone-hole effects may instead be adding to GHG warming around Antarctica but with diminished amplitude as the ozone hole heals. The Arctic, meanwhile, responding to GHG forcing but in a manner amplified by ocean heat transport, may continue to warm at an accelerating rate. PMID:24891392

  5. The ocean's role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing.

    PubMed

    Marshall, John; Armour, Kyle C; Scott, Jeffery R; Kostov, Yavor; Hausmann, Ute; Ferreira, David; Shepherd, Theodore G; Bitz, Cecilia M

    2014-07-13

    In recent decades, the Arctic has been warming and sea ice disappearing. By contrast, the Southern Ocean around Antarctica has been (mainly) cooling and sea-ice extent growing. We argue here that interhemispheric asymmetries in the mean ocean circulation, with sinking in the northern North Atlantic and upwelling around Antarctica, strongly influence the sea-surface temperature (SST) response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, accelerating warming in the Arctic while delaying it in the Antarctic. Furthermore, while the amplitude of GHG forcing has been similar at the poles, significant ozone depletion only occurs over Antarctica. We suggest that the initial response of SST around Antarctica to ozone depletion is one of cooling and only later adds to the GHG-induced warming trend as upwelling of sub-surface warm water associated with stronger surface westerlies impacts surface properties. We organize our discussion around 'climate response functions' (CRFs), i.e. the response of the climate to 'step' changes in anthropogenic forcing in which GHG and/or ozone-hole forcing is abruptly turned on and the transient response of the climate revealed and studied. Convolutions of known or postulated GHG and ozone-hole forcing functions with their respective CRFs then yield the transient forced SST response (implied by linear response theory), providing a context for discussion of the differing warming/cooling trends in the Arctic and Antarctic. We speculate that the period through which we are now passing may be one in which the delayed warming of SST associated with GHG forcing around Antarctica is largely cancelled by the cooling effects associated with the ozone hole. By mid-century, however, ozone-hole effects may instead be adding to GHG warming around Antarctica but with diminished amplitude as the ozone hole heals. The Arctic, meanwhile, responding to GHG forcing but in a manner amplified by ocean heat transport, may continue to warm at an accelerating rate.

  6. Optically-controlled extinction ratio and Q-factor tunable silicon microring resonators based on optical forces

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Long, Yun; Wang, Jian

    2014-06-01

    Tunability is a desirable property of microring resonators to facilitate superior performance. Using light to control light, we present an alternative simple approach to tuning the extinction ratio (ER) and Q-factor of silicon microring resonators based on optical forces. We design an opto-mechanical tunable silicon microring resonator consisting of an add-drop microring resonator and a control-light-carrying waveguide (``controlling'' waveguide). One of the two bus waveguides of the microring resonator is a deformable nanostring put in parallel with the ``controlling'' waveguide. The tuning mechanism relies on the optical force induced deflection of suspended nanostring, leading to the change of coupling coefficient of microring and resultant tuning of ER and Q-factor. Two possible geometries, i.e. double-clamped nanostring and cantilever nanostring, are studied in detail for comparison. The obtained results imply a favorable structure with the microring positioned at the end of the cantilever nanostring. It features a wide tuning range of ER from 5.6 to 39.9 dB and Q-factor from 309 to 639 as changing the control power from 0 to 1.4 mW.

  7. Is crisis stability still achievable?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pollack, Joshua

    During the Cold War, the idea of crisis stability concerned whether the United States and the Soviet Union would be faced with powerful incentives to strike each other first with their nuclear weapons during periods of tension. This idea influenced the design of nuclear forces and guided aspects of nuclear arms control. The United States and Russia continue to operate large, alert nuclear forces, but at least three new factors have emerged that add significantly greater complexity to this picture. The first new factor consists of the development and deployment of new strategic military technologies that are entangled with nuclear weapons. These include strategic ballistic missile defenses, counter-space weapons, and strategic conventional weapons. The second new factor consists of new dyads of interacting strategic forces beyond US-Russia. These include US-China, US-North Korea, India-Pakistan, and India-China. The third new factor consists of the emergence of three-actor crisis stability dynamics, where the third actor is not necessarily nuclear-armed. This paper illustrates the concept with the US-North Korea-South Korea triangle. It briefly discusses the implications of these developments and reflects on the broad policy options that may be available.

  8. StarSmasher: Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code for smashing stars and planets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gaburov, Evghenii; Lombardi, James C., Jr.; Portegies Zwart, Simon; Rasio, F. A.

    2018-05-01

    Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian particle method that approximates a continuous fluid as discrete nodes, each carrying various parameters such as mass, position, velocity, pressure, and temperature. In an SPH simulation the resolution scales with the particle density; StarSmasher is able to handle both equal-mass and equal number-density particle models. StarSmasher solves for hydro forces by calculating the pressure for each particle as a function of the particle's properties - density, internal energy, and internal properties (e.g. temperature and mean molecular weight). The code implements variational equations of motion and libraries to calculate the gravitational forces between particles using direct summation on NVIDIA graphics cards. Using a direct summation instead of a tree-based algorithm for gravity increases the accuracy of the gravity calculations at the cost of speed. The code uses a cubic spline for the smoothing kernel and an artificial viscosity prescription coupled with a Balsara Switch to prevent unphysical interparticle penetration. The code also implements an artificial relaxation force to the equations of motion to add a drag term to the calculated accelerations during relaxation integrations. Initially called StarCrash, StarSmasher was developed originally by Rasio.

  9. Profile of capillary bridges between two vertically stacked cylindrical fibers under gravitational effect

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Xiaohang; Lee, Hoon Joo; Michielsen, Stephen; Wilusz, Eugene

    2018-05-01

    Although profiles of axisymmetric capillary bridges between two cylindrical fibers have been extensively studied, little research has been reported on capillary bridges under external forces such as the gravitational force. This is because external forces add significant complications to the Laplace-Young equation, making it difficult to predict drop profiles based on analytical approaches. In this paper, simulations of capillary bridges between two vertically stacked cylindrical fibers with gravitational effect taken into consideration are studied. The asymmetrical structure of capillary bridges that are hard to predict based on analytical approaches was studied via a numerical approach based on Surface Evolver (SE). The axial and the circumferential spreading of liquids on two identical fibers in the presence of gravitational effects are predicted to determine when the gravitational effects are significant or can be neglected. The effect of liquid volume, equilibrium contact angle, the distance between two fibers and fiber radii. The simulation results were verified by comparing them with experimental measurements. Based on SE simulations, curves representing the spreading of capillary bridges along the two cylindrical fibers were obtained. The gravitational effect was scaled based on the difference of the spreading on upper and lower fibers.

  10. Haptic Stylus and Empirical Studies on Braille, Button, and Texture Display

    PubMed Central

    Kyung, Ki-Uk; Lee, Jun-Young; Park, Junseok

    2008-01-01

    This paper presents a haptic stylus interface with a built-in compact tactile display module and an impact module as well as empirical studies on Braille, button, and texture display. We describe preliminary evaluations verifying the tactile display's performance indicating that it can satisfactorily represent Braille numbers for both the normal and the blind. In order to prove haptic feedback capability of the stylus, an experiment providing impact feedback mimicking the click of a button has been conducted. Since the developed device is small enough to be attached to a force feedback device, its applicability to combined force and tactile feedback display in a pen-held haptic device is also investigated. The handle of pen-held haptic interface was replaced by the pen-like interface to add tactile feedback capability to the device. Since the system provides combination of force, tactile and impact feedback, three haptic representation methods for texture display have been compared on surface with 3 texture groups which differ in direction, groove width, and shape. In addition, we evaluate its capacity to support touch screen operations by providing tactile sensations when a user rubs against an image displayed on a monitor. PMID:18317520

  11. Haptic stylus and empirical studies on braille, button, and texture display.

    PubMed

    Kyung, Ki-Uk; Lee, Jun-Young; Park, Junseok

    2008-01-01

    This paper presents a haptic stylus interface with a built-in compact tactile display module and an impact module as well as empirical studies on Braille, button, and texture display. We describe preliminary evaluations verifying the tactile display's performance indicating that it can satisfactorily represent Braille numbers for both the normal and the blind. In order to prove haptic feedback capability of the stylus, an experiment providing impact feedback mimicking the click of a button has been conducted. Since the developed device is small enough to be attached to a force feedback device, its applicability to combined force and tactile feedback display in a pen-held haptic device is also investigated. The handle of pen-held haptic interface was replaced by the pen-like interface to add tactile feedback capability to the device. Since the system provides combination of force, tactile and impact feedback, three haptic representation methods for texture display have been compared on surface with 3 texture groups which differ in direction, groove width, and shape. In addition, we evaluate its capacity to support touch screen operations by providing tactile sensations when a user rubs against an image displayed on a monitor.

  12. HPI markets and strategies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ekolf, W.D.

    1988-03-01

    How the HPI and government react to new directions will not only set the course for the future of refining and marketing, it will have profound implications for the entire energy industry. Strategies developed by individual refiners and marketers in response to this changing environment will determine their future in the industry. In developing scenarios for the downstream, Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA), has identified three forces that will determine the downstream playing field in the nineties: 1. Imbalances between market demands and refinery capacity will continue to promote intense competition and to depress margins, 2. Product and crude pricemore » volatility will be at least as great in the future as it has been in the last three years and 3. Renewed environmental concerns will add new capital investment burdens to the industry. The implications of these three forces on refiners are clear - being in the downstream business is likely to become increasingly expensive, competitive and risky. The author shares CERA's perspective on why these forces have evolved and, in turn, led to new strategies and developments in the industry. Then he outlines how we think these new themes may affect players in the industry. Finally, he summarizes some key uncertainties the future holds.« less

  13. Analysis and measurement of electromagnetic scattering by pyramidal and wedge absorbers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dewitt, B. T.; Burnside, Walter D.

    1986-01-01

    By modifying the reflection coefficients in the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction a solution that approximates the scattering from a dielectric wedge is found. This solution agrees closely with the exact solution of Rawlins which is only valid for a few minor cases. This modification is then applied to the corner diffraction coefficient and combined with an equivalent current and geometrical optics solutions to model scattering from pyramid and wedge absorbers. Measured results from 12 inch pyramid absorbers from 2 to 18 GHz are compared to calculations assuming the returns add incoherently and assuming the returns add coherently. The measured results tend to be between the two curves. Measured results from the 8 inch wedge absorber are also compared to calculations with the return being dominated by the wedge diffraction. The procedures for measuring and specifying absorber performance are discussed and calibration equations are derived to calculate a reflection coefficient or a reflectivity using a reference sphere. Shaping changes to the present absorber designs are introduced to improve performance based on both high and low frequency analysis. Some prototypes were built and tested.

  14. High-throughput single-molecule force spectroscopy for membrane proteins

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bosshart, Patrick D.; Casagrande, Fabio; Frederix, Patrick L. T. M.; Ratera, Merce; Bippes, Christian A.; Müller, Daniel J.; Palacin, Manuel; Engel, Andreas; Fotiadis, Dimitrios

    2008-09-01

    Atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is a powerful tool for studying the mechanical properties, intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, unfolding pathways, and energy landscapes of membrane proteins. One limiting factor for the large-scale applicability of SMFS on membrane proteins is its low efficiency in data acquisition. We have developed a semi-automated high-throughput SMFS (HT-SMFS) procedure for efficient data acquisition. In addition, we present a coarse filter to efficiently extract protein unfolding events from large data sets. The HT-SMFS procedure and the coarse filter were validated using the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR) from Halobacterium salinarum and the L-arginine/agmatine antiporter AdiC from the bacterium Escherichia coli. To screen for molecular interactions between AdiC and its substrates, we recorded data sets in the absence and in the presence of L-arginine, D-arginine, and agmatine. Altogether ~400 000 force-distance curves were recorded. Application of coarse filtering to this wealth of data yielded six data sets with ~200 (AdiC) and ~400 (BR) force-distance spectra in each. Importantly, the raw data for most of these data sets were acquired in one to two days, opening new perspectives for HT-SMFS applications.

  15. Impact of Short-Range Forces on Defect Production from High-Energy Collisions

    DOE PAGES

    Stoller, R. E.; Tamm, A.; Béland, L. K.; ...

    2016-04-25

    Primary radiation damage formation in solid materials typically involves collisions between atoms that have up to a few hundred keV of kinetic energy. The distance between two colliding atoms can approach 0.05 nm during these collisions. At such small atomic separations, force fields fitted to equilibrium properties tend to significantly underestimate the potential energy of the colliding dimer. To enable molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy collisions, it is common practice to use a screened Coulomb force field to describe the interactions and to smoothly join this to the equilibrium force field at a suitable interatomic spacing. But, there is nomore » accepted standard method for choosing the parameters used in the joining process, and our results prove that defect production is sensitive to how the force fields are linked. A new procedure is presented that involves the use of ab initio calculations to determine the magnitude and spatial dependence of the pair interactions at intermediate distances, along with systematic criteria for choosing the joining parameters. Results are presented for the case of nickel, which demonstrate the use and validity of the procedure.« less

  16. 32 CFR 644.327 - Air Force military real property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Air Force military real property. 644.327 Section 644.327 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK Disposal Procedure for Placing Real Property in Excess Status § 644.327 Air...

  17. 32 CFR 806.3 - Public information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Force records, whether the requester cites the FOIA or not, must comply with the principles of the FOIA... control the request as a FOIA and follow FOIA denial procedures for records withheld (cite the pertinent FOIA exemption and give the requester FOIA appeal rights). (b) HQ AFCIC/ITC will make the Air Force...

  18. 4 CFR 28.13 - Special procedure for Reduction in Force.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Force (RIF) resulting in an individual's separation from employment, an aggrieved employee may choose to... discrimination issues in connection with a RIF action need not file a complaint with GAO's Office of Opportunity and Inclusiveness before pursuing a RIF challenge alleging discrimination, either by filing directly...

  19. 4 CFR 28.13 - Special procedure for Reduction in Force.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Force (RIF) resulting in an individual's separation from employment, an aggrieved employee may choose to... discrimination issues in connection with a RIF action need not file a complaint with GAO's Office of Opportunity and Inclusiveness before pursuing a RIF challenge alleging discrimination, either by filing directly...

  20. Reduction in Force: A Legal Update.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Beckham, Joseph C.

    Courts have been reluctant to interfere with the decision-making authority of local school boards. However, a reduction-in-force (RIF) decision can be legally challenged by a discharged employee with evidence that the school board has either: (1) acted arbitrarily or capriciously, (2) failed to comply with procedural mandates, or (3) utilized…

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