International System and Foreign Policy Approaches: Implications for Conflict Modelling and Management

DTIC Science & Technology

tool for conflict management , preliminary version of which is the Computer Aided Conflict Information System. Using expert judgments to describe...1961. The combined model is more relevant during the crisis phase. The results have implications for conflict modelling. With respect to conflict ... management , there is an important implication. Since the organizational processes model may be more valid than an event interaction model, then conflict

Racializing Experiences of Foreign-Born and Ethnically Diverse Black Male Engineering Graduate Students: Implications for Student Affairs Practice, Policy, and Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burt, Brian A.; Knight, Alexander; Robeson, Justin

2017-01-01

Despite a growing body of work on the experiences of Black collegians, the higher education knowledge base lacks scholarship focused on Black men in graduate programs who are foreign-born and/or identify ethnically as other than African American. In this article, we provide a domain-specific investigation (i.e., based on students' field of study),…

English in the Primary Classroom in Vietnam: Students' Lived Experiences and Their Social and Policy Implications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nguyen, Lan Chi; Hamid, M. Obaidul; Renshaw, Peter

2016-01-01

Although the teaching of English as a foreign language in primary schools has emerged as one of the major language-in-education policy decisions, students' perspectives on primary English have received very little research attention. Drawing on data from a larger study, this paper depicts primary school students' lived experiences in the English…

The Implications of China’s Economic Statecraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-19

the U.S. Monetary Policy , Finance and U.S. Treasury Securities Closely tied to the previously discussed issue of the renminbi exchange rate is the...largely because of its exchange rate policy . In order to limit the appreciation of the renminbi against the dollar, China must purchase U.S. dollars...additional 20 years to inch from one-third to one-half.63 Over-reliance on Foreign Trade. Closely related to its currency exchange policy issues, the

The Humanities and the Art of Public Discussion, Volume 3. Essays and Commentaries on Freedom of Expression, America's Role in the World, and U.S. Energy Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Francis, Leslie Pickering; And Others

The three essays in this collection (the third in a series) explore the implications of free speech, the roots of American foreign policy, and the relation between U.S. political tradition and the formulation of policies on energy. Each essay is accompanied by a commentary. The essays, their authors, and the commentaries are: "The Pig in the…

Soviet Foreign Policy in Guinea and Somalia, Implications for American Policy Toward Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

membership base, and gave both women and youth active roles in party affairs. This organizing effort to make the PDG representative of all Guineans was...to accept a certain degree of indigenous private enterprise, it has instituted a policy which excludes the entreprenuers from holding party posts...mobilize the nation’s youth 37 and women . To accomplish the first task the PDG leadership made Diallo Saifoulaye (a Foulah) Vice President of the

Argentina: Its Physical-Cultural Backgrounds and Implications for United States Foreign Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vent, Herbert J.

1974-01-01

This article provides a short history of political events in Argentina and a look at the people, geography, and economy of the country in order to consider current relations between Argentina and the United States. (JH)

Trends in International Trade in Higher Education: Implications and Options for Developing Countries. Education Working Paper Series, Number 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bashir, Sajitha

2007-01-01

This paper analyzes the trends, underlying factors and implications of the trade in higher education services. The term "trade in higher education" refers to the purchase of higher education services from a foreign country using domestic resources. The objectives of this paper are to provide policy makers in developing countries, World Bank staff,…

Defining Health Diplomacy: Changing Demands in the Era of Globalization

PubMed Central

Katz, Rebecca; Kornblet, Sarah; Arnold, Grace; Lief, Eric; Fischer, Julie E

2011-01-01

Context: Accelerated globalization has produced obvious changes in diplomatic purposes and practices. Health issues have become increasingly preeminent in the evolving global diplomacy agenda. More leaders in academia and policy are thinking about how to structure and utilize diplomacy in pursuit of global health goals. Methods: In this article, we describe the context, practice, and components of global health diplomacy, as applied operationally. We examine the foundations of various approaches to global health diplomacy, along with their implications for the policies shaping the international public health and foreign policy environments. Based on these observations, we propose a taxonomy for the subdiscipline. Findings: Expanding demands on global health diplomacy require a delicate combination of technical expertise, legal knowledge, and diplomatic skills that have not been systematically cultivated among either foreign service or global health professionals. Nonetheless, high expectations that global health initiatives will achieve development and diplomatic goals beyond the immediate technical objectives may be thwarted by this gap. Conclusions: The deepening links between health and foreign policy require both the diplomatic and global health communities to reexamine the skills, comprehension, and resources necessary to achieve their mutual objectives. PMID:21933277

Russian Foreign Policy. Sources and Implications

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

Press, 2007b; Mikhail Demurin, “Rossiia i Strany Sng : Tsivilizatsionnyi’ Vyzov [Russia and the Countries of the CIS: A Civilizational Calling...Sovermennik, No. 9, September 2007, pp. 163–180. Demurin, Mikhail, “Rossiia i Strany Sng : Tsivilizatsionnyi’ Vyzov [Russia and the Countries of the CIS

Arctic Ice Melting: National Security Implications

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

be a curse rather than a good, and under no conditions can it either lead into freedom or constitute a proof for its existence. - Hannah ... Arendt 39 How will the domestic or foreign economic policies of the United States be affected by Arctic ice melting? Increased access to the

Japan: Domestic Change and Foreign Policy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-01-01

investing abroad may be more likely to export back to the United States (Graham and Anzai, 1994; Urata , 1993). Nevertheless, to pay for the imports...Toyo Keizai Shinposha, 1994. Urata , Shujiro, "Changing Patterns of Direct Investment and the Implications for Trade and Development," in C. Fred

Strategic implications of the succession of Kim Jong IL for US foreign policy towards North Korea. Master`s thesis, 2 August 1994-2 June 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McElree, J.A.

1995-06-02

This study analyzes the strategic implications of the dynastic succession of Kim Jong IL for U.S. foreign policy towards North Korea. The proliferation of nuclear weapons by North Korea threatens vital U.S. interests in Northeast Asia and challenges U.S. regional and global leadership. In order to properly respond to the North Korean nuclear threat, it is essential to understand the man who will dictate North Korean actions--Kim Jong IL. The study examines Kim Jong Il`s background, training, experience, personality, leadership characteristics, and the challenges he will face. The analysis of Kim Jong IL indicates that he is a rational actormore » who has and will continue to act in a rational manner in pursuit of his desired ends. The framework for analysis is the Strategic Estimate Process. Alternative courses of action are developed using the four elements of national power. The study identifies the strategic implications of probable North Korean actions and recommends appropriate U.S. courses of action on the basis of feasibility, acceptability, and suitability in achieving U.S. objectives in support of U.S. interests.« less

The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

Climate skeptics The climate change-conflict nexus has its fair share of skeptics. Many observers remain unconvinced that climate change, whether due...implications of climate change remain specula- tive. In addition, they observe that none of the consequences forecast in the authoritative reports of the...modern practices and relocate to the few remaining habitable regions at the extreme north- ern and southern hemispheres.33 Essam El Hinnawi first

Moving up in Rural America: Economic Attainment of Nonmetro Latino Immigrants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kandel, William; Henderson, Jamila; Koball, Heather; Capps, Randy

2011-01-01

Rapid Hispanic population growth represents a pronounced demographic transformation in many nonmetropolitan counties, particularly since 1990. Its considerable public policy implications stem largely from high proportions of new foreign-born residents. Despite the pressing need for information on new immigrants in nonmetro counties and a…

The Evolution of a Japanese Theory of Conflict Management and Implications for Japanese Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-01

This thesis explores whether there is a uniquely Japanese method of conflict management Given the delicate balance of stability in Northeast Asia...Japanese leadership needs to use conflict management tools to resolve territorial claims with the governments of China, Russia, and South Korea, Given

A History and Historiography of Foreign Languages Teaching and Learning in Portugal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santos, Ana Clara

2018-01-01

This "state of the art" review on the history of language teaching in Portugal provides an opportunity for a historiographical analysis, highlighting the relationships between languages, the links between languages and educational policy and implementation, and the cultural implications resulting from this. Researching language teaching…

Global Health and Foreign Policy

PubMed Central

Feldbaum, Harley; Lee, Kelley; Michaud, Joshua

2010-01-01

Health has long been intertwined with the foreign policies of states. In recent years, however, global health issues have risen to the highest levels of international politics and have become accepted as legitimate issues in foreign policy. This elevated political priority is in many ways a welcome development for proponents of global health, and it has resulted in increased funding for and attention to select global health issues. However, there has been less examination of the tensions that characterize the relationship between global health and foreign policy and of the potential effects of linking global health efforts with the foreign-policy interests of states. In this paper, the authors review the relationship between global health and foreign policy by examining the roles of health across 4 major components of foreign policy: aid, trade, diplomacy, and national security. For each of these aspects of foreign policy, the authors review current and historical issues and discuss how foreign-policy interests have aided or impeded global health efforts. The increasing relevance of global health to foreign policy holds both opportunities and dangers for global efforts to improve health. PMID:20423936

Global health and foreign policy.

PubMed

Feldbaum, Harley; Lee, Kelley; Michaud, Joshua

2010-01-01

Health has long been intertwined with the foreign policies of states. In recent years, however, global health issues have risen to the highest levels of international politics and have become accepted as legitimate issues in foreign policy. This elevated political priority is in many ways a welcome development for proponents of global health, and it has resulted in increased funding for and attention to select global health issues. However, there has been less examination of the tensions that characterize the relationship between global health and foreign policy and of the potential effects of linking global health efforts with the foreign-policy interests of states. In this paper, the authors review the relationship between global health and foreign policy by examining the roles of health across 4 major components of foreign policy: aid, trade, diplomacy, and national security. For each of these aspects of foreign policy, the authors review current and historical issues and discuss how foreign-policy interests have aided or impeded global health efforts. The increasing relevance of global health to foreign policy holds both opportunities and dangers for global efforts to improve health.

Russia’s National Interests Towards the Caucasus: Implications for Georgian Sovereignty

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav021204.shtml>. Accessed June 1, 2004; Irakly Areshidze, “Did Russia and Georgia make a deal over Ajaria?” Open...1996. Internal Factors in Russian Foreign Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Areshidze, Irakly . “Did Russia and Georgia make a deal over Ajaria

The impact and implications of undocumented immigration on individual and collective health in the United States.

PubMed

Hilfinger Messias, DeAnne K; McEwen, Marylyn Morris; Clark, Lauren

2015-01-01

A nation of immigrants, the United States currently has more foreign-born residents than any other country; approximately 28% of these foreign-born residents are undocumented immigrants--individuals who either entered or are currently residing in the country without valid immigration or residency documents. The complex and constantly changing social, political, and economic context of undocumented migration has profound effects on individuals, families, and communities. The lack of demographic and epidemiologic data on undocumented immigrants is a major public health challenge. In this article, we identify multiple dimensions of vulnerability among undocumented persons; examine how undocumentedness impacts health and health care access and utilization; and consider the professional, practice, and policy issues and implications for nurses. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[On the formulation of TCM foreign exchange policy after the reform and opening-up].

PubMed

Wang, Jingfang; Zhu, Jianping

2015-03-01

The foreign exchange activities of traditional Chinese medicine are conducted under the guidance of the policy of the CPC and Chinese government. After the carrying out of the reform and opening-up policy, foreign exchange policy of TCM has experienced the process of growing up from nothing, from less to more, and from coarse to fine, which is closely related to our country's foreign policy, the cause of Chinese medicine development, and urgent need of international communication. In the three decades after the reform and opening-up policy, the formulation of foreign exchange policy of TCM can be divided into three stages: viz., inclusion in the framework of national foreign policy (1978-1985), embodiment in the policy of developing TCM cause (1986-1996), and appearance in the special policy of foreign exchange of Chinese medicine (since 1997). From the development process of these policies, the development of each policy gradually complies with the process of the development of the times, with its contents basically in line with the requirements of the times. The implementation of some policies promotes the foreign exchanges and cooperation of Chinese medicine.

Foreign workers in Kuwait: implications for the Kuwaiti labor force.

PubMed

Shah, N M

1986-01-01

An analysis of the foreign population in Kuwait shows that foreign nationals make up 60 percent of the population and 78 percent of the labor force in Kuwait. The implications of these figures for the Kuwaiti labor force are discussed by analyzing the occupational structures of Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis. "Structural analysis of the labor force indicates that 62 percent of Kuwaiti males are concentrated in administrative and service occupations while their percentage in sales and production work has declined during 1970-80. This demonstrates the need for reorienting educational/training programs and changing Kuwaiti attitudes towards manual work to ensure the realization of the 'Kuwaitization' process, and balance the nationals with foreign nationals." mortality has stabilized at relatively high levels and there is resistance to family planning. The author concludes that the main cause of the stalling of the demographic transition process is to be found in the role of the state and the dynamics of the social structure and that "demographic trends will depend more on the changes in social structure, land reforms, and response of the formal governing system to the needs of the underprivileged sections of the society, rather than on the health and family planning policies." excerpt

Communicative English in the Primary Classroom: Implications for English-in-Education Policy and Practice in Bangladesh

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamid, M. Obaidul; Honan, Eileen

2012-01-01

Globalisation and the global spread of English have led nation-states to introduce English into the early years of schooling to equip their citizens with communicative competence in order to compete within a global economy for individual and national development. In teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language, nations have adopted…

Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-22

AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY ...suspended after the Italian government said testimony could reveal state secrets threatening Italy’s national security . “CIA-Linked Kidnapping Trial...raised against U.S. officials implicated national security and foreign policy considerations, and assessing the propriety of those considerations was

Emergent Russia: The Geostrategic Impact

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

1 1 Historical Trends in Regional Dominance ..................................... 3 2 Post-Cold War Standing...Publishing, 2009), 1 . 2 Bressler, Understanding Contemporary Russia, 1 . 3 Olga Oliker et al., Russian Foreign Policy: Sources and Implications...Putin and edvedev,” Swedish Institute of International Affairs, Occasional Paper, no. 1 , 2010, 3 . http://www.ui.se/upl/files/44020.pdf 4 For analysis

Patterns and Policies: The Changing Demographics of Foreign Language Instruction. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liskin-Gasparro, Judith E., Ed.

This collection of papers is divided into three parts. Part 1, "Changing Patterns: Curricular Implications," includes "Basic Assumptions Revisited: Today's French and Spanish Students at a Large Metropolitan University" (Gail Guntermann, Suzanne Hendrickson, and Carmen de Urioste) and "Le Francais et Mort, Vive le…

75 FR 54540 - Effects of Foreign Policy-Based Export Controls

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-08

.... 100719301-0303-02] Effects of Foreign Policy-Based Export Controls AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security... foreign policy-based export controls in the Export Administration Regulations to determine whether they... comments on how existing foreign policy-based export controls have affected exporters and the general...

Health and foreign policy in question: the case of humanitarian action.

PubMed

Thieren, Michel

2007-03-01

Health has gained recognition as a foreign policy concern in recent years. Political leaders increasingly address global health problems within their international relations agendas. The confluence of health and foreign policy has opened these issues to analysis that helps clarify the tenets and determinants of this linkage, offering a new framework for international health policy. Yet as health remains profoundly bound to altruistic values, caution is required before generalizing about the positive outcomes of merging international health and foreign policy principles. In particular, the possible side-effects of this framework deserve further consideration. This paper examines the interaction of health and foreign policy in humanitarian action, where public health and foreign policy are often in direct conflict. Using a case-based approach, this analysis shows that health and foreign policy need not be at odds in this context, although there are situations where altruistic and interest-based values compete. The hierarchy of foreign policy functions must be challenged to avoid misuse of national authority where health interventions do not coincide with national security and domestic interests.

Great Decisions '86.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.

Designed to initiate discussion of foreign policy decisions, this book contains an analysis of eight foreign policy issues confronting the United States in 1986. Each unit provides the background and guidelines to provide perspective to assist in understanding foreign policy crises. The units included in this issue are: (1) "How Foreign Policy Is…

77 FR 13383 - Foreign Affairs Policy Board Meeting Notice; Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-06

... STATE DEPARTMENT [Public Notice: 7604] Foreign Affairs Policy Board Meeting Notice; Closed Meeting...), the Department of State announces a meeting of the Foreign Affairs Policy Board to take place on March 19, 2012, at the Department of State, Washington, DC. The Foreign Affairs Policy Board reviews and...

78 FR 34702 - Foreign Affairs Policy Board Meeting Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

... STATE DEPARTMENT [Public Notice 8350] Foreign Affairs Policy Board Meeting Notice Closed Meeting... announces a meeting of the Foreign Affairs Policy Board to take place on July 15, 2013, at the Department of State, Washington, DC. The Foreign Affairs Policy Board reviews and assesses: (1) Global threats and...

Impact, regulation and health policy implications of physician migration in OECD countries

PubMed Central

Forcier, Mélanie Bourassa; Simoens, Steven; Giuffrida, Antonio

2004-01-01

Background In the face of rising demand for medical services due to ageing populations, physician migration flows are increasingly affecting the supply of physicians in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development (OECD) countries. This paper offers an integrated perspective on the impact of physician migration on home and host countries and discusses international regulation and policy approaches governing physician migration. Methods Information about migration flows, international regulation and policies governing physician migration were derived from two questionnaires sent to OECD countries, a secondary analysis of EUROSTAT Labour Force Surveys, a literature review and official policy documents of OECD countries. Results OECD countries increasingly perceive immigration of foreign physicians as a way of sustaining their physician workforce. As a result, countries have entered into international agreements regulating physician migration, although their success has been limited due to the imposition of licensing requirements and the protection of vested interests by domestic physicians. OECD countries have therefore adopted specific policies designed to stimulate the immigration of foreign physicians, whilst minimising its negative impact on the home country. Measures promoting immigration have included international recruitment campaigns, less strict immigration requirements and arrangements that foster shared learning between health care systems. Policies restricting the societal costs of physician emigration from developing countries such as good practice guidelines and taxes on host countries have not yet produced their expected effect or in some cases have not been established at all. Conclusions Although OECD countries generally favour long-term policies of national self-sufficiency to sustain their physician workforce, such policies usually co-exist with short-term or medium-term policies to attract foreign physicians. As this is likely to continue, there is a need to create a global framework that enforces physician migration policies that confer benefits on home and host countries. In the long term, OECD countries need to put in place appropriate education and training policies rather than rely on physician migration to address their future needs. PMID:15257752

Track 1.5/2 Security Dialogues with China: Nuclear Lessons Learned

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

Montville, “Foreign Policy According to Freud ,” Foreign Policy 45 (Winter, 1981-1982): 153. 10 Montville and Davidson took this as their starting...D., and Joseph V. Montville. “Foreign Policy According to Freud .” Foreign Policy 45 (Winter, 1981−1982):145−157. English-Chinese Chinese-English

22 CFR 501.1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy. 501.1 Section 501.1 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS APPOINTMENT OF FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS § 501.1 Policy. It is the policy of the Broadcasting Board of Governors that Foreign Service Officers occupy positions in which there is a need and...

49 CFR 801.51 - National defense and foreign policy secrets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false National defense and foreign policy secrets. 801... defense and foreign policy secrets. Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(1), national defense and foreign policy secrets established by Executive Order, as well as properly classified documents, are exempt from public...

49 CFR 801.51 - National defense and foreign policy secrets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false National defense and foreign policy secrets. 801... defense and foreign policy secrets. Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(1), national defense and foreign policy secrets established by Executive Order, as well as properly classified documents, are exempt from public...

49 CFR 801.51 - National defense and foreign policy secrets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false National defense and foreign policy secrets. 801... defense and foreign policy secrets. Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(1), national defense and foreign policy secrets established by Executive Order, as well as properly classified documents, are exempt from public...

49 CFR 801.51 - National defense and foreign policy secrets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false National defense and foreign policy secrets. 801... defense and foreign policy secrets. Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(1), national defense and foreign policy secrets established by Executive Order, as well as properly classified documents, are exempt from public...

49 CFR 801.51 - National defense and foreign policy secrets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false National defense and foreign policy secrets. 801... defense and foreign policy secrets. Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(1), national defense and foreign policy secrets established by Executive Order, as well as properly classified documents, are exempt from public...

22 CFR 501.1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Policy. 501.1 Section 501.1 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS APPOINTMENT OF FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS § 501.1 Policy. It is the policy of the Broadcasting Board of Governors that Foreign Service Officers occupy positions in which there is a need and...

Re-Positioning Australia's International Education in Global Knowledge Economies: Implications of Shifts in Skilled Migration Policies for Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gribble, Cate; Blackmore, Jill

2012-01-01

In recent times, many key host nations have made it easier for foreign graduates to migrate after graduation. These students are often considered ideal migrants, possessing local qualifications along with a degree of acculturation, language skills and, in many cases, relevant local work experience. For the student, the opportunity to obtain…

The United States and World Energy: A Discussion Paper, Department of State.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Ralph Stuart

This publication is a summary of the world energy situation and its impact on the United States. A brief review of some interrelated diplomatic, commercial, and technical aspects of the energy crisis and their implications for the U.S. and its foreign policy is presented first. Next, discussions of world supplies, uses and problems with different…

Our Policies, Their Text: German Language Students' Strategies with and Beliefs about Web-Based Machine Translation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Kelsey D.; Heidrich, Emily

2013-01-01

Most educators are aware that some students utilize web-based machine translators for foreign language assignments, however, little research has been done to determine how and why students utilize these programs, or what the implications are for language learning and teaching. In this mixed-methods study we utilized surveys, a translation task,…

Economic analysis requirements in support of orbital debris regulatory policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greenberg, Joel S.

1996-10-01

As the number of Earth orbiting objects increases so does the potential for generating orbital debris with the consequent increase in the likelihood of impacting and damaging operating satellites. Various debris remediation approaches are being considered that encompass both in-orbit and return-to-Earth schema and have varying degrees of operations, cost, international competitiveness, and safety implications. Because of the diversity of issues, concerns and long-term impacts, there is a clear need for the setting of government policies that will lead to an orderly abatement of the potential orbital debris hazards. These policies may require the establishment of a supportive regulatory regime. The Department of Transportation is likely to have regulatory responsibilities relating to orbital debris stemming from its charge to protect the public health and safety, safety of property, and national security interests and foreign policy interests of the United States. This paper describes DOT's potential regulatory role relating to orbital debris remediation, the myriad of issues concerning the need for establishing government policies relating to orbital debris remediation and their regulatory implications, the proposed technological solutions and their economic and safety implications. Particular emphasis is placed upon addressing cost-effectiveness and economic analyses as they relate to economic impact analysis in support of regulatory impact analysis.

Foreign Policy Choices for Americans: A Nonpartisan Guide for Voters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.; And Others

Eighteen foreign policy topics are presented in this book to provide voters, officeholders, candidates, students, and teachers with background information, facts, and U.S. foreign policies. A fact list, historical background information, current administration policy, and policy alternatives are described for most of these topics. Part 1 discusses…

Why study EU foreign policy at all? A response to Keuleers, Fonck and Keukeleire

PubMed Central

Dijkstra, Hylke; Vanhoonacker, Sophie

2016-01-01

In an important article on the state of European Union (EU) foreign policy research, Keuleers, Fonck and Keukeleire show that academics excessively focus on the study of the EU foreign policy system and EU implementation rather than the consequences of EU foreign policy for recipient countries. While the article is empirical, based on a dataset of 451 published articles on EU foreign policy, the normative message is that it is time to stop ‘navel-gazing’ and pay more attention to those on the receiving end of EU foreign policy. We welcome this contribution, but wonder why certain research questions have been privileged over others. We argue that this has primarily to do with the predominant puzzles of the time. We also invite Keuleers, Fonck and Keukeleire to make a theoretical case for a research agenda with more attention to outside-in approaches. We conclude by briefly reflecting on future research agendas in EU foreign policy. PMID:28546641

Saudi Arabia: perspective on oil, foreign policy, and the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1970-1980

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kurdi, M.A.M.

1982-01-01

This study examines, through a descriptive and analytical approach, the Saudi perspective on its oil power and policies in world affairs and how the Arab-Israeli conflict affects these policies. A special emphasis on the United States-Saudi Arabian relationship is made, since Saudi Arabia looks at the United States as the key factor in the Arab-Israeli conflict. To serve this end, the dissertation is divided into three parts. Part one examines the economic and political reality of oil power, its implication and limitation. Also, this part examines the behavior and the policies of the oil companies, the oil-consuming countries, and themore » oil-producing countries after the structural change of the oil industry and the shift in control of production and prices from the hands of the oil companies to those of the oil-producing countries. Part two examines the Saudi Arabian economy, the role of oil in developing this economy, and the effect of Saudi development plans on Saudi oil policies. Part three examines Saudi foreign policy, especially its role in the Arab-Israeli conflict, with emphasis on the Saudi oil role in this regard. Also, this part examines the United States-Saudi Arabia relationship and interest, the United States interest in Israel, and, finally, how Riyadh sees these interests affecting United States policies in the Middle East.« less

China’s Increasing Influence in Oceania: Implications for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

China’s Vice Foreign Minister announced that China’s development assistance would be focusing on climate change initiatives, agricultural...such as climate change and women’s representation in society. 68 These policies and programs are also focused on some of 15 the key identified...development in the region. These commonalities include climate change , agricultural development, fisheries conservation and management, environmental

Saudi Governmental Structure and Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-21

goNrUnent Igeny. SAUDI GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FOREIGN POLICY BY COLONEL AL-MUTAIRI NAIF Saudi National Guard DISTRI1BUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for...TASK IWOX UNIT ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. AE NO. 11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) Saudi Governmental Structure and Foreign Policy - Uncl 12... STRUCTURE AND FOREIGN POLICY AN INDIVIDUAL STUDY PROJECT by Colonel al-Mutairi Naif Saudi National Guard Mr. James J. Coyle (Project Adviser) IL

Policy impact of the Indonesian Central Bank certificate related on loan interest rate to the demand growth of property

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wirjodirdjo, B.; Asjari, H. Y.

2018-04-01

The Indonesian economic indicators shown a positive progress in the last three years, Foreign exchange reserves position of the end of March 2017 stood at US 121.8 billion higher than the position of the end of 2015 amounted to US 105.9 billion of the end of 2015. This reserve would ensure the resilience and maintaining sustainable Indonesian economic growth in the future. Although Indonesia’s foreign exchange is better, the structure of expenditure in the country is still less than ideal due the proportion of spending of consumer goods is far greater than the capital goods and tend to be unproductive spending. This needs to be regulated so that in the long term does not cause balance of payments deficit. Therefore, Indonesian Central Bank took a policy to raise interest rates for retail banks from 6% to 7.25% per annum gradually up to present. Policies relating to the interest rates on loans are intended to reduce the proportion of debt financing of consumer goods, however, these policies have implications to various economic sectors and one of those is property sector. A lot of research has been conducted related the impact of loan interest to the property sector but most of it is still in partial related to the ability the people to buy. However, this research has tried to see the implication of the macro Economic Policy of Indonesian Central Bank to the property sector as a systemic problem. This paper is going to present the study on the effects of these policies on the property sector, especially residence house. To obtain a comprehensive analysis and capture the relationship between interest rate policies and their impacts to the property sector, in this study the model developed and simulated using system dynamic methodology as an approach. Various scenarios are applied to the model to get an accurate information about how and when the effectiveness of the policy related to the property sector can be enforced. The result of this study can be delivered to the policy maker as feed-back to improving the policies related the interest rate.

15 CFR 2002.0 - Trade Policy Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Trade Policy Committee. 2002.0 Section 2002.0 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OPERATION OF COMMITTEES § 2002.0 Trade Policy Committee. (a) The Trade Policy...

15 CFR 2002.0 - Trade Policy Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Trade Policy Committee. 2002.0 Section 2002.0 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OPERATION OF COMMITTEES § 2002.0 Trade Policy Committee. (a) The Trade Policy...

15 CFR 2002.0 - Trade Policy Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Trade Policy Committee. 2002.0 Section 2002.0 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OPERATION OF COMMITTEES § 2002.0 Trade Policy Committee. (a) The Trade Policy...

15 CFR 2002.0 - Trade Policy Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Trade Policy Committee. 2002.0 Section 2002.0 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OPERATION OF COMMITTEES § 2002.0 Trade Policy Committee. (a) The Trade Policy...

Foreign Policy: A Campaign Primer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glenn, David

2008-01-01

Presidential campaigns are usually eager to provide mind-numbingly detailed domestic-policy proposals. When it comes to foreign policy, however, campaigns often prefer to operate on the plane of generality and gesture. In the absence of blueprints, journalists and tea-leaf readers scrutinize the foreign-policy advisers attached to each candidate:…

'Cold reality in the land of fire': The interrelations of Azerbaijan's natural gas export and foreign policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marosvari, Csaba

Azerbaijan, a landlocked post-Soviet country since its independence has been trying to utilize its energy resources in its foreign policy. With production-sharing agreements with Western oil companies beginning with the 1994 signing of the "Contract of the Century" and the construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline Azerbaijan successfully opened up its energy sector for foreign investment and used pipelines to stabilize its economy and underpin its foreign policy. The discovery of the Shah Deniz gas field opened up new opportunities for Baku to buttress its foreign policy goals with the export of natural gas. In this Master's thesis I will evaluate and show the importance and significance of natural gas export in Azerbaijani foreign policy.

Turning dread into capital: South Africa's AIDS diplomacy.

PubMed

Fourie, Pieter

2013-03-05

In much of the world, President George W. Bush was not admired for his foreign policy and diplomacy. It is therefore ironic that Bush's single most uncontested foreign policy triumph was an instance of what has now become known as "health diplomacy". In 2003 Bush launched the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a five-year $15 billion initiative to fight HIV/AIDS, mostly in Africa. The president's pragmatic health diplomacy may well save his foreign policy legacy. This article argues that a middle power such as South Africa should consider a similar instrumental AIDS diplomatic strategy, to rehabilitate its public health as well as foreign policy images. This article reflects on the emergence and contemporary practice of health diplomacy. In particular, it explores the potential of niche areas within health diplomacy to become constructive focal points of emerging middle powers' foreign policies. Middle powers often apply niche diplomacy to maximise their foreign policy impact, particularly by pursuing a multilateral agenda. The literature on middle powers indicates that such foreign policy ambitions and concomitant diplomacy mostly act to affirm the global status quo. Instead, this paper argues that there may well be niches within health diplomacy in particular that can be used to actually challenge the existing global order. Emerging middle powers in particular can use niche areas within health diplomacy in a critical theoretical manner, so that foreign policy and diplomacy become a project of emancipation and transformation, rather than an affirmation of the world as it is. The article first describes the emergence and contemporary practice of health diplomacy; this is followed by a discussion of niche diplomacy, in particular as it applies to the foreign policy agendas of emerging middle powers. It then reviews South African foreign policy and diplomacy, before situating these policies within the context of emerging mechanisms of south-south multilateralism. The article concludes by synthesizing these elements and advocating for a South African AIDS diplomacy, emphasizing its potential to galvanize a global project of emancipation.

Military objectives in Soviet foreign policy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGwire, M.

1987-01-01

The Soviet Union's military developments and the size of its armed forces strongly influence Western assumptions about Soviet foreign policy. The author shows how the need to plan for the contingency of world war has shaped Soviet policy, resulting in a force structure often perceived as far in excess of legitimate defense needs. In this book the motivations underlying Soviet policy are investigated as thoroughly as the military posture is examined. According to the author, a doctrinal decision in late 1966 about the likely nature of a world war resulted in a basic change in Soviet strategic objectives. Corresponding changesmore » occurred in operational concepts, the approach to arms control, and policy in the third world. The necessary restructuring of Soviet forces took place during the 1970s and 1980s. This book identifies the old and new hierarchies of strategic objectives, analyzes the implications of the shift, and deduces the Soviet operational plan for waging world war, should it prove inescapable. This plan explains the structure of Soviet strategic forces and their military posture in Euro-Atlantic, Asian-Pacific, and Indo-Arabian regions. Decisions taken in the 1967-68 and 1976-77 periods explain much of current Soviet policy. However, Soviet-American relations sharply deteriorated between 1978 and 1983. The author also considers the kind of decisions that the Soviets may have taken in recent years in response to these developments.« less

Teaching Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graseck, Susan

This ERIC Digest discusses issues relating to teaching about U.S. foreign policy in the changing international environment following the end of the Cold War era and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The document treats: (1) the need and rationale for teaching and learning about current foreign policy issues; (2) main themes in foreign policy…

Do foreign direct investment and renewable energy consumption affect the CO2 emissions? New evidence from a panel ARDL approach to Kyoto Annex countries.

PubMed

Mert, Mehmet; Bölük, Gülden

2016-11-01

This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the potential of renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in 21 Kyoto countries using an unbalanced panel data. For this purpose, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis was tested using panel cointegration analysis. Panel causality tests show that there are significant long-run causalities from the variables to carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption, fossil fuel energy consumption and inflow foreign direct investments. The results of our model support the pollution haloes hypothesis which states that FDI brings in clean technology and improves the environmental standards. However, an inverted U-shaped relationship (EKC) was not supported by the estimated model for the 21 Kyoto countries. This means that economic growth cannot ensure environmental protection itself or environmental goals cannot await economic growth. Another important finding is that renewable energy consumption decreases carbon emissions. Based on the empirical results, some important policy implications emerge. Kyoto countries should stimulate the FDI inflows and usage of renewable energy consumption to mitigate the air pollution and meet the emission targets. This paper provides new insights into environment and energy policies through FDI inclusion.

France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-20

TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE France : Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.- French ...Z39-18 France : Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.- French Relations Congressional Research Service Summary The factors that shape... French foreign policy have changed since the end of the Cold War. The perspectives of France and the United States have diverged in some cases. More

22 CFR 40.33 - Foreign policy. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Foreign policy. [Reserved] 40.33 Section 40.33 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE VISAS REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO BOTH NONIMMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANTS UNDER THE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Security and Related Grounds § 40.33 Foreign...

Reflections on the ethics of recruiting foreign-trained human resources for health

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Developed countries' gains in health human resources (HHR) from developing countries with significantly lower ratios of health workers have raised questions about the ethics or fairness of recruitment from such countries. By attracting and/or facilitating migration for foreign-trained HHR, notably those from poorer, less well-resourced nations, recruitment practices and policies may be compromising the ability of developing countries to meet the health care needs of their own populations. Little is known, however, about actual recruitment practices. In this study we focus on Canada (a country with a long reliance on internationally trained HHR) and recruiters working for Canadian health authorities. Methods We conducted interviews with health human resources recruiters employed by Canadian health authorities to describe their recruitment practices and perspectives and to determine whether and how they reflect ethical considerations. Results and discussion We describe the methods that recruiters used to recruit foreign-trained health professionals and the systemic challenges and policies that form the working context for recruiters and recruits. HHR recruiters' reflections on the global flow of health workers from poorer to richer countries mirror much of the content of global-level discourse with regard to HHR recruitment. A predominant market discourse related to shortages of HHR outweighed discussions of human rights and ethical approaches to recruitment policy and action that consider global health impacts. Conclusions We suggest that the concept of corporate social responsibility may provide a useful approach at the local organizational level for developing policies on ethical recruitment. Such local policies and subsequent practices may inform public debate on the health equity implications of the HHR flows from poorer to richer countries inherent in the global health worker labour market, which in turn could influence political choices at all government and health system levels. PMID:21251293

Reflections on the ethics of recruiting foreign-trained human resources for health.

PubMed

Runnels, Vivien; Labonté, Ronald; Packer, Corinne

2011-01-20

Developed countries' gains in health human resources (HHR) from developing countries with significantly lower ratios of health workers have raised questions about the ethics or fairness of recruitment from such countries. By attracting and/or facilitating migration for foreign-trained HHR, notably those from poorer, less well-resourced nations, recruitment practices and policies may be compromising the ability of developing countries to meet the health care needs of their own populations. Little is known, however, about actual recruitment practices. In this study we focus on Canada (a country with a long reliance on internationally trained HHR) and recruiters working for Canadian health authorities. We conducted interviews with health human resources recruiters employed by Canadian health authorities to describe their recruitment practices and perspectives and to determine whether and how they reflect ethical considerations. We describe the methods that recruiters used to recruit foreign-trained health professionals and the systemic challenges and policies that form the working context for recruiters and recruits. HHR recruiters' reflections on the global flow of health workers from poorer to richer countries mirror much of the content of global-level discourse with regard to HHR recruitment. A predominant market discourse related to shortages of HHR outweighed discussions of human rights and ethical approaches to recruitment policy and action that consider global health impacts. We suggest that the concept of corporate social responsibility may provide a useful approach at the local organizational level for developing policies on ethical recruitment. Such local policies and subsequent practices may inform public debate on the health equity implications of the HHR flows from poorer to richer countries inherent in the global health worker labour market, which in turn could influence political choices at all government and health system levels.

Health in All (Foreign) Policy: challenges in achieving coherence.

PubMed

Labonté, Ronald

2014-06-01

Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach is generally perceived as an intersectoral approach to national or sub-national public policy development, such that health outcomes are given full consideration by non-health sectors. Globalization, however, has created numerous 'inherently global health issues' with cross-border causes and consequences, requiring new forms of global governance for health. Although such governance often includes both state and non-state (private, civil society) actors in agenda setting and influence, different actors have differing degrees of power and authority and, ultimately, it is states that ratify intergovernmental covenants or normative declarations that directly or indirectly affect health. This requires public health and health promotion practitioners working within countries to give increased attention to the foreign policies of their national governments. These foreign policies include those governing national security, foreign aid, trade and investment as well as the traditional forms of diplomacy. A new term has been coined to describe how health is coming to be positioned in governments' foreign policies: global health diplomacy. To become adept at this nuanced diplomatic practice requires familiarity with the different policy frames by which health might be inserted into the foreign policy deliberations, and thence intergovernmental/global governance negotiations. This article discusses six such frames (security, trade, development, global public goods, human rights, ethical/moral reasoning) that have been analytically useful in assessing the potential for greater and more health-promoting foreign policy coherence: a 'Health in All (Foreign) Policies' approach. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The China-Africa Connection: Implications for United States Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

a Independencia total de Angola(UNITA) UNITA Governo Revolucionhrio de Angola _.. ... no Exillo LGRAE) GRAE Mozambique Frente de Liberta;&o de ...Moqambique (FRELIMO) FRELIMO Comite Revolucionhrio de ,, Mocambigue (COREMO) COREMO Portuguese Partido Africano da Independencia Guinea da Guind e Cabo Verde...Postgraduate School Naval Postgraduate School NS _-. ’E_ ADURESSb (UIly, MStae, anda 2P c- de ) 71). ADDRESS (GiIy, SMate, and/-JP Code) Monterey, CA 93943

Veiled Normalization: The Implications of Japanese Missile Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

phasizing defensive principles . Si milarly, a s tate that is intent on reg ional hegemony or aggressive expansion will shap e its forces and...1 Mindy Kotler and Daisuke Okuyama. “Japan’s Global Ambivalence.” Foreign Policy, no. 130, (2002): 96-97. 19...the use of nuclear warheads on defensive weapons would be constitutional.23 It bears mention that Japan’s three Non-Nuclear Principles , stating that

Pseudo Democracy, Real War. Russia’s Autocratic Conduct in Chechnya and the Implications for U.S. National and Regional Security Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-03-22

assumption that the new Russian democracy with its renunciation of communism is a mirror image of its own, or at least fraternal to its own. That...Spring 1997): 9-19. Kozyrev , Andrei. “Partnership or Cold Peace?” Foreign Policy (Summer 1995): 3-14). 31 “A Look at How the Kremlin Slid Into the

Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-12

14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as Report (SAR) 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 30 19a...limit or bar U.S. participation in renditions, including S. 1876, the National Security with Justice Act of 2007, and H.R. 1352, the Torture...civil case on a number of grounds, including that certain claims raised against U.S. officials implicated national security and foreign policy

China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-20

would ease restrictions on foreign investments in the culture industry, to include film , publishing, entertainment, online games, and multi-media...President Obama did raise human rights issues in his discussions, in particular the case of American geologist Xue Feng who had been detained several...decision represents a departure from the previous administration of President George W. Bush, which denied import relief in six previous cases of petitions

NATO or Neutrality : Decisions by Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

implications and affect international relations on a continuing basis. B. LITERATURE REVIEW Although individual histories have been written about...do so. Few of these studies have analyzed these questions with an eye toward history , however; and this will be the unique perspective of this thesis...Foreign Policy Since the Second World War (London: Hugh Evelyn Limited, 1968); Johan Stenfeldt, “Positioning in the Cold War: Swedish and Danish History

International Education as Soft Power? The Contributions and Challenges of Canadian Foreign Policy to the Internationalization of Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trilokekar, Roopa Desai

2010-01-01

This paper explores the role of the Canadian federal government in two foreign policy areas: overseas development assistance and international cultural relations by providing a brief history of the federal government's engagement in both policy areas and highlighting the contributions and challenges of Canadian foreign policy to the…

15 CFR 2002.0 - Trade Policy Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Trade Policy Committee. 2002.0 Section 2002.0 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OPERATION OF COMMITTEES § 2002.0 Trade Policy Committee. (a) The Trade Policy Committee was created by section 3 of...

Globalisation, health and foreign policy: emerging linkages and interests

PubMed Central

Owen, John Wyn; Roberts, Olivia

2005-01-01

A discussion of the growing links between the issues of globalisation, health and foreign policy. This article examines the effect this has on health, development and foreign policy communities in the UK and internationally and considers what steps the policy community must take to address the challenges and opportunities of this new relationship. PMID:16053520

Oil dependence and Thai foreign-policy behavior during the Arab-Israeli war of October 1973

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keophumihae, S.

1985-01-01

The purpose of this study is to explain Thai foreign-policy behavior toward the Arab-Israeli conflict during the Arab oil embargo of 1973-1974 in the wake of the October 1973 War. The major hypothesis is that Thai foreign policy behavior shifted from a neutral to a pro-Arab position after the Arab oil embargo. This shift was motivated by Thai oil-import dependence on OAPEC (Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries). Oil has assumed an economic as well as a political dimension. Therefore, its political influence over the oil-dependent states cannot be dismissed. Thai foreign-policy behavior in the Arab-Israeli conflict is analyzed throughmore » the use of the dependence approach, which contends that external reliance is a potent factor for explaining behavior of actors. Thailand's foreign-policy stand is first delineated through the use of documents containing policy statements by Thai delegates to the United Nations. It was found that although Thai public policy statements were never bluntly anti-Israel, they moved from between neutrality before the oil crisis to a pro-Arab position after the oil crisis of 1973-1974. This shift of Thailand's foreign policy behavior position was then measured against its UN voting records. Results of the voting analysis indicated that the shifting of Thai foreign policy behavior during the October war was motivated by Thailand's oil-import dependence.« less

Great Decisions 1987.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.

The Constitutional division of responsibility between the President and Congress for making foreign policy is the first of eight topics discussed in this magazine-style booklet. Major constitutional powers of Congress in foreign policy include the "power of the purse", and the power "to declare war". Major foreign policy powers…

Turning dread into capital: South Africa’s AIDS diplomacy

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background In much of the world, President George W. Bush was not admired for his foreign policy and diplomacy. It is therefore ironic that Bush’s single most uncontested foreign policy triumph was an instance of what has now become known as “health diplomacy”. In 2003 Bush launched the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a five-year $15 billion initiative to fight HIV/AIDS, mostly in Africa. The president’s pragmatic health diplomacy may well save his foreign policy legacy. This article argues that a middle power such as South Africa should consider a similar instrumental AIDS diplomatic strategy, to rehabilitate its public health as well as foreign policy images. Discussion This article reflects on the emergence and contemporary practice of health diplomacy. In particular, it explores the potential of niche areas within health diplomacy to become constructive focal points of emerging middle powers’ foreign policies. Middle powers often apply niche diplomacy to maximise their foreign policy impact, particularly by pursuing a multilateral agenda. The literature on middle powers indicates that such foreign policy ambitions and concomitant diplomacy mostly act to affirm the global status quo. Instead, this paper argues that there may well be niches within health diplomacy in particular that can be used to actually challenge the existing global order. Emerging middle powers in particular can use niche areas within health diplomacy in a critical theoretical manner, so that foreign policy and diplomacy become a project of emancipation and transformation, rather than an affirmation of the world as it is. Summary The article first describes the emergence and contemporary practice of health diplomacy; this is followed by a discussion of niche diplomacy, in particular as it applies to the foreign policy agendas of emerging middle powers. It then reviews South African foreign policy and diplomacy, before situating these policies within the context of emerging mechanisms of south-south multilateralism. The article concludes by synthesizing these elements and advocating for a South African AIDS diplomacy, emphasizing its potential to galvanize a global project of emancipation. PMID:23497509

Foreign Language Education Policy on the Horizon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hult, Francis M.

2018-01-01

Language policy has developed into a major area of research that continues to expand and develop. This article examines potential directions for cross-pollination between the fields of language policy and foreign language education. First, publication trends are examined. Database searches were conducted for the journals "Foreign Language…

Personality Traits and Foreign Policy Attitudes in German Public Opinion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schoen, Harald

2007-01-01

This article examines the effects of personality traits on attitudes toward foreign policy issues among the German public. Building on previous research, it argues that personality characteristics shape an individual's motivation, goals, and values, thereby providing criteria to evaluate external stimuli and affecting foreign policy opinions. An…

15 CFR 2002.1 - Trade Policy Committee Review Group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Trade Policy Committee Review Group. 2002.1 Section 2002.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OPERATION OF COMMITTEES § 2002.1 Trade Policy Committee...

15 CFR 2002.1 - Trade Policy Committee Review Group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Trade Policy Committee Review Group. 2002.1 Section 2002.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OPERATION OF COMMITTEES § 2002.1 Trade Policy Committee...

Past Fame, Present Frames and Future Flagship? An Exploration of How Health is Positioned in Canadian Foreign Policy

PubMed Central

Labonté, Ronald; Runnels, Vivien; Gagnon, Michelle

2014-01-01

Canada has been regarded as a model global citizen with firm commitments to multilateralism. It has also played important roles in several international health treaties and conventions in recent years. There are now concerns that its interests in health as a foreign policy goal may be diminishing. This article reports on a thematic analysis of key Canadian foreign policy statements issued over the past decade, and interviews with key informants knowledgeable of, or experienced in the interstices of Canadian health and foreign policy. It finds that health is primarily and increasingly framed in relation to national security and economic interests. Little attention has been given to human rights obligations relevant to health as a foreign policy issue, and global health is not seen as a priority of the present government. Global health is nonetheless regarded as something with which Canadian foreign policy must engage, if only because of Canada’s membership in many United Nations and other multilateral fora. Development of a single global health strategy or framework is seen as important to improve intersectoral cooperation on health issues, and foreign policy coherence. There remains a cautious optimism that health could become the base from which Canada reasserts its internationalist status. PMID:24977037

Past Fame, Present Frames and Future Flagship? An Exploration of How Health is Positioned in Canadian Foreign Policy.

PubMed

Labonté, Ronald; Runnels, Vivien; Gagnon, Michelle

2012-06-01

Canada has been regarded as a model global citizen with firm commitments to multilateralism. It has also played important roles in several international health treaties and conventions in recent years. There are now concerns that its interests in health as a foreign policy goal may be diminishing. This article reports on a thematic analysis of key Canadian foreign policy statements issued over the past decade, and interviews with key informants knowledgeable of, or experienced in the interstices of Canadian health and foreign policy. It finds that health is primarily and increasingly framed in relation to national security and economic interests. Little attention has been given to human rights obligations relevant to health as a foreign policy issue, and global health is not seen as a priority of the present government. Global health is nonetheless regarded as something with which Canadian foreign policy must engage, if only because of Canada's membership in many United Nations and other multilateral fora. Development of a single global health strategy or framework is seen as important to improve intersectoral cooperation on health issues, and foreign policy coherence. There remains a cautious optimism that health could become the base from which Canada reasserts its internationalist status.

Attitudes of states' economic and industrial development advisors toward foreign investments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dashti, A.Y.

The general purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the effects of inward foreign investments' characteristics on the nature and intensity of the attitudes of host nationals in an advanced country. Specifically, interest was focused on the following aspects of inward foreign investments in the US: (a) national origin of investments (countries included are Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, England, West Germany, Holland, and Japan); (b) types of foreign-investment operation (types of investment included are farming, manufacturing, petroleum, real estate, and retailing); (c) foreign investors' forms of entry into the US; and (d) extent of foreign ownership. The study also investigatedmore » any variations in the attitudes prevalent among the host nationals toward the four aspects of foreign investments, based on demographic variables: age, religion, ethnic background, personal contact with particular foreigners, overseas travel experience in general and to specific countries, place of birth based on geographic and level of income regions, geographic mobility, place of work based on geographic and level of income regions, occupation, education, and political philosophy. The objective here also includes, as a corollary, an examination of the existence of stereotype, prejudice, and ethnocentric tendencies. A number of implications were also revealed by the study and discussed in the dissertation. These were related to theory of host national attitudes towad foreign investments, present and potential foreign investors in the US, and US public-policy makers and politicians (both at the local and federal levels).« less

Multinational Operations and Small Nations: Implications and Considerations in Lithuanian Perspective

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-17

foreign policy (Putnam 2003). Additionally, Kenneth N. Waltz in his book, Theory of International Politics, asserts that states, according to the strength...is another important factor in neorealist analysis. Kenneth N. Waltz in his book, Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis, argues that a state...common operational picture, as well as flexible and secure command and control and sensors and shooters , has slowed the US military’s ability to operate

The Ogaden Insurrection: Implications for Islamist Extremism and U.S. National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-16

DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited i DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of...23 Terrence Lyons, “Avoiding Conflict in the Horn of Africa, U.S. Policy Toward Ethiopia and Eritrea,” Council on Foreign Relations, CSR No. 21...ballot box and [the EPRDF regards] the expression of differing views and interests as a form of betrayal,” and are therefore repressed. International

The Exchange Visitor Program: Options for Review and Revision. A Position Paper Prepared by NAFSA: Association of International Educators for the Task Force on Regulatory Reform, United States Information Agency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association for Foreign Student Affairs, Washington, DC.

This position paper addresses four general areas of concern relating to the Exchange Visitor Program (EVP) and discusses specific proposals and related foreign policy implications. The areas of concern are as follows: (1) the role of the Immigration and Naturalization Service in EVP; (2) the relationship between the United States Information…

Implications of the U.S. War on Terrorism for U.S.-China Policy: A Strategic Window

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-12

network of supporting ministerial forums: including trade ministers, foreign ministers, finance ministers, ministers of the environment, and...especially the banks, so it can finance efficiently a rapidly growing economy.113 The pace of reform is ultimately constrained by the economy�s...Thailand’s beaches and California’s Disneyland . Over one million Chinese traveled abroad on pleasure trips in 1998, a record number despite the

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-25

with Georgia have evolved from U.S. contacts with its pro -Western leadership. Successive Administrations have supported U.S. private investment in...Georgia after Eduard Shevardnadze (formerly a pro -Western Soviet foreign minister) assumed power there in early 1992. Faced with calls in Congress and...The Roles of Turkey, Iran, and Others The United States has generally viewed Turkey as able to foster pro -Western policies and discourage Iranian

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-27

over its fate. Close ties with Georgia have evolved from U.S. contacts with its pro -Western leadership. Successive Administrations have supported U.S...ties with Georgia after Eduard Shevardnadze (formerly a pro -Western Soviet foreign minister) assumed power there in early 1992. Faced with calls in...generally viewed Turkey as able to foster pro -Western policies and discourage Iranian interference in the South Caucasus states, even though Turkey favors

China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-08

restrictions on foreign investments in the culture industry, to include film , publishing, entertainment, online games, and multi-media. September 25, 2009...departure from the previous administration of President George W. Bush, which denied import relief in six previous cases of petitions filed under section...Representative (USTR) filed a case against China in the WTO in December 2008 charging that the PRC’s “Famous Chinese” brand program amounted to unfair

A bibliography of space books and articles from non-aerospace journals, 1957-1977. [NASA programs and spaceflight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Looney, J. J.

1979-01-01

This bibliography cites over 3,600 articles and books from the nonspecialized secondary literature relating to NASA and to aerospace-related themes. Entries are arranged alphabetically by author in the following categories: (1) space activity; (2) spaceflight: earliest times to the creation of NASA; (3) organization, administration, and management of NASA; (4) aeronautics; (5) boosters and rockets; (6) technology of spaceflight; (7) manned spaceflight; (8) space science; (9) applications; (10) space law; (11) international implications; (12) foreign space programs; (13) domestic public policy and opinion; and (14) economics: impact of NASA, analyses of aerospace industry, and patent policy.

15 CFR 768.3 - Foreign availability assessment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... availability assessment. A foreign availability assessment is an evidentiary analysis that BIS conducts to... if there is no foreign policy reason to deny the license, unless the President exercises a National... foreign policy controls may be considered independent of this part. (b) Types of assessments. There are...

American Students' Perceptions of American Foreign Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barger, Robert N.

The perception of typical U.S. college students toward the Reagan administration's foreign policy is that it is based on the principle that Communism must be stopped at any cost. Students' beliefs are defined according to their reactions to specific U.S. foreign policy initiatives. Three areas have aroused considerable campus reaction and…

Television and U.S. Foreign Policy: The Case of the Iran Hostage Crisis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larson, James F.

1986-01-01

Reviews three major roles identified for the press in the foreign policy process: observer, participant, and catalyst. Claims that these roles circumscribe the structural relationship of media to foreign policy and provide a framework for some general propositions against which the particulars of the Iran case may be interpreted. (JD)

SURVEY OF PERSONNEL POLICIES IN RELATION TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

WELLEMEYER, JOHN F.

THE PRINCIPLE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES THAT OPERATE IN FIELDS REQUIRING FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES, THE U.S. MILITARY SERVICES AND SOME PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS, WERE SURVEYED TO DETERMINE THEIR OPERATING POLICIES THAT RELATE TO PERSONNEL WITH FOREIGN LANGUAGE SKILLS. THE AGENCIES THAT HAVE THE GREATEST NEED FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE SKILLS…

U.S. Foreign Policy: Illusions of Powerlessness and Realities of Power.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cleveland, Harlan

The foreign policy of the United States has not taken into consideration the dynamics of world politics and the kinds of power required to participate in it. Foreign policy makers need a post-Kissinger, post-Brzezinski doctrine that corrects the distorted focus on U.S.-Soviet relations as on our central problem, accepts the inherent linkage…

The national and international implications of a decade of doctor migration in the Irish context.

PubMed

Bidwell, Posy; Humphries, Niamh; Dicker, Patrick; Thomas, Steve; Normand, Charles; Brugha, Ruairí

2013-04-01

Between 2000 and 2010, Ireland became increasingly dependent on foreign-trained doctors to staff its health system. An inability to train and retain sufficient doctors to meet demand is the primary reason for the dependence on foreign-trained doctors. By 2008 the proportion of foreign-trained doctors was the second highest in the OECD. This increased dependence on international medical migration has both national and international policy implications. Registration data were obtained from the Medical Council of Ireland (MCI) for a 10-year period: 2000-2010. Data indicate country of qualification but not nationality. The total number of registrants and entrants (n) was determined for each year. Immigration data were also obtained on the number of work visas issued to doctors. Registration and visa data were then compared in order to estimate doctor migration to Ireland 2000-2010. The proportion of foreign-trained doctors rose from 13.4% of all registered doctors in 2000 to 33.4% by 2010. The largest increase was in foreign-trained doctors from outside the EU, rising from 972 (7.4%) in 2000 to 4740 (25.3%) of registered doctors in 2010. The biggest source country in 2000 was Pakistan. By 2010, South Africa had become the biggest source country. The number of foreign-trained doctors from other EU countries doubled from 780 in 2000 to 1521 in 2010. Registration data are likely to over-estimate and visa data under-estimate the numbers of doctors actively working in Ireland. However, they serve to illustrate Ireland's rapidly increasing and potentially unsustainable reliance on foreign-trained doctors; and to highlight the need for better data to measure migratory flows. Improved measurement of health worker migration is necessary both for national workforce planning and to fulfil the requirements of the WHO Global Code on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

U.S. Victory in the First Gulf War: Implication for the Future of U.S. Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

this research falls into that same predicament. Understanding the culture of the Middle East and its past political and economical history gives us...it legitimate, both at home and within the international community. Therefore, this thesis examines the effectiveness of the coalition...interests in more ways than one. Therefore, it is crucial that the study dig into the fiasco of yesterday’s Middle East, as well as Iraq’s cultural

BULGARIA’S MULTI-VECTOR FOREIGN POLICY APPROACH TO SECURITY CHALLENGES IN EASTERN EUROPE

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-06

withdraw from the South Stream natural gas pipeline project which could turn Bulgaria into a leading gas hub in the Balkans. Amid Ukrainian Crisis, the EU...Corporation. Micco, Pasquale De. July 2015. Changing Pipelines , Shifting Strategies: Gas in South-eastern Europe, and the Implications for Ukraine. In...catastrophe. In support of this strategic approach, this paper finds a theoretical explanation in the realist school of study and presents an analysis of the

The Guns-For-Drugs Trade: Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

arms a buyers market. There are several reasons for this. According to Jess B. Guy, Resident Agent in Charge of the San Jose, California field office of...abundant. 29 Interview with Jess B. Guy, Resident Agent in Charge, of the Bureau of Alcohol. Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF or ATF) office in San Jose...SMUGGLING TECHNIQUES A. PREFERRED WEAPONS According to Mike Kuntz, Special Agent of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the connection

The Strategic Implications of Chinese Companies Going Global

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-29

2020. The need to import zinc went from 0 in 2000 to 53% in 2010 and is projected to reach 69% in 2020. 64 These resources are required to sustain ...PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER COL Heino Klinck, U.S. Army 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7...research project exams the actual and potential role of Chinese companies’ overseas expansion in Beijing’s global foreign and security policy. Particular

Lessons Learned from History: Implications for Homeland Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-01

ri-802/ lecturas /lecvmx024.html. 98 The Bay of Pigs Kennedy initiated another foreign policy disaster when he tried to keep a foolish 1960 campaign...murder of Navy diver Robert Stetham, April 1986 bombing of the La Belle discothèque in Berlin, and murders of several American military and diplomatic...installations and civilian targets frequented by Americans. On 5 April 1986, Libyan agents detonated a bomb in Berlin’s La Belle discothèque, a nightclub

77 FR 24452 - Foreign Ownership Policies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-24

... Ownership Policies AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: In this... policies and procedures that apply to foreign ownership of common carrier radio station licensees pursuant..., www.bcpiweb.com ; telephone: (800) 378-3160, fax: (202) 488-5563; (2) James Ball, Chief, Policy...

America in the World: A Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irwin, Wallace, Jr.

The purpose of this book is to provide information about the history, development, and practices of U.S. foreign policy. Part 1, "The World and the Nation," provides: (1) an overview and brief history of the countries and organizations affecting U.S. foreign policy; (2) a summary of U.S. history; and (3) information about the process of foreign…

American Foreign Policy for the '80s: A Voter's Guide to the Facts and Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irwin, Wallace, Jr., Ed.; And Others

The purpose of this guide is to provide voters, officeholders, and candidates with background information on major foreign policy issues so that they can follow the 1980 presidential debates and reach their own informed conclusions. Thirteen major foreign policy topics are covered. The material is written in telegraphic style to get the essential…

Population Policy: Abortion and Modern Contraception Are Substitutes.

PubMed

Miller, Grant; Valente, Christine

2016-08-01

A longstanding debate exists in population policy about the relationship between modern contraception and abortion. Although theory predicts that they should be substitutes, the empirical evidence is difficult to interpret. What is required is a large-scale intervention that alters the supply (or full price) of one or the other and, importantly, that does so in isolation (reproductive health programs often bundle primary health care and family planning-and in some instances, abortion services). In this article, we study Nepal's 2004 legalization of abortion provision and subsequent expansion of abortion services, an unusual and rapidly implemented policy meeting these requirements. Using four waves of rich individual-level data representative of fertile-age Nepalese women, we find robust evidence of substitution between modern contraception and abortion. This finding has important implications for public policy and foreign aid, suggesting that an effective strategy for reducing expensive and potentially unsafe abortions may be to expand the supply of modern contraceptives.

22 CFR 308.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy. 308.2 Section 308.2 Foreign Relations PEACE CORPS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 308.2 Policy. It is the policy of the Peace... records including adequate opportunity to correct any errors in said records. It is further the policy of...

22 CFR 706.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy. 706.2 Section 706.2 Foreign Relations... OF INFORMATION ACT General § 706.2 Policy. It is OPIC's policy to make its records available to the public to the greatest extent possible, in keeping with the spirit of the FOIA. This policy includes...

Friends Indeed? Coalition Burden Sharing and the War In Iraq. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-05

Malici, "Germans as Venutians: The Culture of German Foreign Policy Behavior." 36 Joachim Krause , "The Role of the Bundestag in German Foreign Policy...Hampshire ; New York: Palgrave, 2001), 159. 37 Erb, German Foreign Policy: Navigating a New Era, 191. 38 Krause , "The Role of the Bundestag in German...policy expert Wolfgang Schaeuble accused the German government of “creating a bogey” and weakening the United Nations in the Iraq debate for its

Politics of oil: multinational oil corporations and United States foreign policy, 1941-1954

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Painter, D.S.

1982-01-01

The energy crises of the 1970s highlighted the importance of foreign oil to United States security and prosperity and focused attention on the relationship between multinational oil corporations and United States foreign policy. Important roots of present problems reach back to the period 1941 to 1954 when United States policymakers became aware that the nation's historic self-sufficiency in oil would soon come to an end. This realization led to plans to assure United States access to foreign oil reserves. During the early years of this period, the oil industry and its allies in congress defeated attempts by the government tomore » play an active role in foreign oil matters. With the government's role limited, the United States fell back to its traditional policy of supporting the foreign operations of United States corporations. Although this policy minimized government intervention in the internal operations of the oil industry, it nevertheless required the government to become actively involved in maintaining the security and stability of the Middle East and in working to contain economic nationalism in Latin America. Moreover, the policy resulted in the government acquiescing in private arrangements by the major companies to control the world oil economy. The most important factor shaping public policy on foreign oil was the overall hegemony of business in American society.« less

The Educational Policy Strategy on Foreign Citizens Coming to the Russian Federation, as a Factor of Their Socio-Cultural Adaptation and Integration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dolzhikova, Anzhela V.; Moseikina, Marina N.; Vladimirsky, Irena

2016-01-01

Considering the fact that starting from January 1, 2015 the complex exam is introduced for the first time in the Russian Federation for the foreign citizens, who apply for obtaining the employment and residence permits, this article reveals the educational policy strategy on this category of foreigners. This policy is considered within the…

22 CFR 1500.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy. 1500.2 Section 1500.2 Foreign Relations AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION SUNSHINE REGULATIONS § 1500.2 Policy. It is the policy of the African Development Foundation to provide the public with the fullest practical information regarding its decision...

The Arab Spring in Egypt: What are the Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

that hangs in Morsi’s childhood bedroom. The poster is of the Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem . Emblazed on it is the slogan, “We will return, oh Aqsa.”9...Arabs and the Jews and we will regain Jerusalem .” People can certainly change, but these glimpses into President Morsi’s past create apprehension...consensus, and judicial opinion. 7 "Mohamed Morsi." 2013. The Biography Channel website. Dec 17 2012, 07:50 http://www.biography.com/people/mohamed-morsi

A History of President Putin’s Campaign to Re-Nationalize Industry and the Implications for Russian Reform and Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-27

for civilian aircraft are so non- competitive in global markets, they likely will not be able to pay market prices for titanium, especially as demand...in general is not competitive on global markets, particularly in the civilian sector for larger vessels.71 Accordingly, OSK is going to seek niche...of the market. The only competition will come from abroad; Russian products will compete globally or be relegated to internal use only; in such case

From the Bear’s Mouth: Analyzing Vladimir Putin’s Rhetoric and Its Implications for Russian Grand Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

analysts fielded questions about whether the crisis in Ukraine was the start of a new Cold War. The American public’s surprise and confusion...Foreign Policy, CNN, Time Magazine, The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, and more. National security analysts fielded...Bezopasnosti (Committee for State Security or KGB) agent who rose from political obscurity, Putin’s past can be difficult to research . However, there are

The New World Order: Implications for Army Policy and Force Structure

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-06

AD-A249 431 The mmsw expmeud in tWe paper in~ &#on of the autor anid do not neaariY reflhct the views Of the NDuenat o( Defense ot any of its qu~ia...Pennsylvania 17013 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. The views expressed In this paper 4rt th§@ S Ef author...of threats to its survival from sources as diverse as foreign invasion to internal rebellion. An exhaustive list of past threats and remote future

Vietnam and the Soviet Union: Implications for Europe and American Foreign Policy Options.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

Vietnamese daily newspaper, in May 1981. CEMA members were specifically congratulated for their part in constructing the trans -Vietnam railroad. [FBIS, 27 May...constructing the trans -Vietnam railroad. [FBIS, 27 May 1981:K7] As early as June 1978 the East European countries had provided significant aid to...reform fiasco of the fifties, the leadership placed at least part of the blame for Vietnam’s many internal problems on Party shortcomings. In Le Duc

Binary Thinking in a Complex World: The Failure of NATO Deterrence since 1994 and Implications for the NATO Readiness Action Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-25

Russian Federation, April 3, 2008, accessed November 9, 2016, http://www.mid.ru/en/ web /guest/foreign_policy/international_safety/conflicts...Gerasimov in March 2015, when he stated “Hybrid is the dark reflection of our comprehensive approach. We use a combination of military and non...Source: Micheal Kofman, “Russian Hybrid Warfare and Other Dark Arts,” War on the Rocks, March, 11, 2016, accessed November 29, 2016. https

Foreign domestic workers and home-based care for elders in Singapore.

PubMed

Yeoh, Brenda S A; Huang, Shirlena

2010-01-01

As with other developed nations where rapid population aging has led to increasing health care and social care burdens, Singapore has searched for ways of paying for and providing long-term care for its increasing numbers of elders. The Singapore state, faced with the prospect of one-fifth of the population aged 65 or older by 2030, has reinforced its basic principle of rendering the family the "primary caregiving unit" and home-based care as the highly preferred option for eldercare. Our paper demonstrates why, despite the range of alternative care arrangements available or emerging on Singapore's eldercare landscape, the employment of live-in foreign domestic workers as care workers for the elderly has become one of the more common de facto modes of providing care for the elderly. In this context, we discuss the politics of eldercare in the privatized sphere of homespace and conclude with policy implications relating to the employment of foreign domestic workers as caregivers for the elderly.

Sharing organs with foreign nationals.

PubMed

Bruni, Rebecca; Wright, Linda

2011-03-01

Organs for transplantation are an absolute scarcity throughout the world, and many countries do not offer transplantation. Developed countries with transplant programs receive requests to list foreign nationals for transplantation. Any national standard deserves justification by a thorough exploration of the issues. In this article, the issues regarding organ transplantation for foreign nationals in Canada are explored. Currently Canada has no policy on listing foreign nationals for transplantation. Three topics are reviewed: (1) arguments for and against the transplantation of organs from deceased donors to foreign nationals, (2) relevant legislation and position statements, and (3) relevant practices in other countries. Finally, practical policy options are suggested. This article's analysis of the issues will provide guidance for health care professionals and policy makers in Canada and developed countries exploring listing foreign nationals for transplantation.

22 CFR 708.2 - Open meeting policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Open meeting policy. 708.2 Section 708.2 Foreign... Open meeting policy. (a) It is the policy of the Corporation to provide the public with the fullest... responsibilities. In order to effect this policy, every meeting of the Board of Directors shall be open to public...

22 CFR 708.2 - Open meeting policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Open meeting policy. 708.2 Section 708.2 Foreign... Open meeting policy. (a) It is the policy of the Corporation to provide the public with the fullest... responsibilities. In order to effect this policy, every meeting of the Board of Directors shall be open to public...

22 CFR 708.2 - Open meeting policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Open meeting policy. 708.2 Section 708.2 Foreign... Open meeting policy. (a) It is the policy of the Corporation to provide the public with the fullest... responsibilities. In order to effect this policy, every meeting of the Board of Directors shall be open to public...

22 CFR 708.2 - Open meeting policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true Open meeting policy. 708.2 Section 708.2 Foreign... Open meeting policy. (a) It is the policy of the Corporation to provide the public with the fullest... responsibilities. In order to effect this policy, every meeting of the Board of Directors shall be open to public...

22 CFR 513.115 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy. 513.115 Section 513.115 Foreign... GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (GRANTS) General § 513.115 Policy. (a) In order to protect the public interest, it is the policy of the Federal Government to conduct business only with...

Reagan's Foreign Policy: An Assessment (I) Introduction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnston, Whittle

1990-01-01

Examines the relationship between former U.S. President Ronald Reagan's foreign policy and those of his predecessors. Focuses on the differences between Reagan's policies and those of former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Analyzes Reagan's policies of containment, human rights, and arms control. Discusses criticisms launched against Reagan's…

Human Freshwater Demand for Economic Activity and Ecosystems in Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferng, Jiun-Jiun

2007-12-01

Freshwater is necessary to economic activity, and humans depend on goods and services generated by water-dependent ecosystems. However, national freshwater management usually focuses on direct use of domestic freshwater. With an increasing scarcity of freshwater, attention has turned to two indirect uses of freshwater by humans. The first indirect use is freshwater used by foreign countries when producing products for export. The second use is freshwater required by local ecosystems: human survival and development depend on goods and services generated in these ecosystems. This work adopted Taiwan as a case study. In addition to two widely recognized ecosystem freshwater demands, evapotranspiration and reversed river flow, this study suggests that freshwater is a constituent of some abiotic components, such as groundwater in aquifers, because excessive withdrawal has already caused significant land subsidence in Taiwan. Moreover, the estimated results show that Taiwan’s net imports of freshwater through trade amounts to approximately 25% of its total freshwater use for economic production. Integrating industrial policy, trade policy, and national freshwater management is a useful approach for developing strategies to limit the growing use of freshwater in Taiwan. Policy implications are then developed by further analyzing withdrawal sources of freshwater (domestic and foreign) for supporting economic production in Taiwan and identifying the factors (domestic final demand and export) driving freshwater-intensive products.

15 CFR 291.6 - Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures. 291.6 Section 291.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST...

15 CFR 291.6 - Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures. 291.6 Section 291.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST...

15 CFR 291.6 - Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures. 291.6 Section 291.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST...

15 CFR 291.6 - Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures. 291.6 Section 291.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST...

15 CFR 291.6 - Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Additional requirements; Federal policies and procedures. 291.6 Section 291.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NIST...

15 CFR 2008.4 - Basic policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Basic policy. 2008.4 Section 2008.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE...

15 CFR 2008.4 - Basic policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Basic policy. 2008.4 Section 2008.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE...

15 CFR 2008.4 - Basic policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Basic policy. 2008.4 Section 2008.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE...

15 CFR 2008.4 - Basic policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Basic policy. 2008.4 Section 2008.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE...

15 CFR 2008.4 - Basic policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Basic policy. 2008.4 Section 2008.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE...

France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-10

Policy, and Issues in U.S.- French Relations 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK...298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 France : Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.- French Relations Summary The factors that...shape French foreign policy have changed since the end of the Cold War. The perspectives of France and the United States have diverged in some cases

France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-19

Policy, and Issues in U.S.- French Relations 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK...298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 France : Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.- French Relations Summary The factors that...shape French foreign policy have changed since the end of the Cold War. The perspectives of France and the United States have diverged in some cases

In the Shadow of the Cold War: The Caribbean and Central America in U.S. Foreign Policy. Teacher's Resource Book. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malkasian, Mark; Davidson, Louise K.

This teacher's resource book is designed to be used with "In the Shadow of the Cold War: The Caribbean and Central America in U.S. Foreign Policy," which was written to help high school students to weigh important U.S. foreign policy issues. The resource book includes eight lessons. Lessons 3-6 focus specifically on the dimension of the…

Russia Foreign Policy In Latin America - Case Study Of Nicaragua

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-23

RUSSIA FOREIGN POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA — CASE STUDY OF NICARAGUA A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and...General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE General Studies ...MAY 2017 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Russia Foreign Policy In Latin America — Case Study Of Nicaragua 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c

22 CFR 308.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Policy. 308.2 Section 308.2 Foreign Relations PEACE CORPS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 308.2 Policy. It is the policy of the Peace Corps to protect, preserve and defend the right of privacy of any individual as to whom the agency...

15 CFR Appendix B to Part 911 - GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram B Appendix B to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix B to Part 911 - GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram B Appendix B to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix A to Part 911 - Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram A Appendix A to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix B to Part 911 - GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram B Appendix B to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix A to Part 911 - Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram A Appendix A to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix B to Part 911 - GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram B Appendix B to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix B to Part 911 - GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false GOES DCS Use Policy Diagram B Appendix B to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix A to Part 911 - Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram A Appendix A to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix A to Part 911 - Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram A Appendix A to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

15 CFR Appendix A to Part 911 - Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Argos DCS Use Policy Diagram A Appendix A to Part 911 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS...

48 CFR 947.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION Foreign Travel 947.7001 Policy. Contractor foreign travel shall be conducted pursuant to the requirements contained in DOE Order 551.1C, or its successor, Official Foreign Travel, or any subsequent version of the order in effect at the time of award. [65 FR 81007, Dec. 22, 2000, as amended at 74 FR...

48 CFR 947.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION Foreign Travel 947.7001 Policy. Contractor foreign travel shall be conducted pursuant to the requirements contained in DOE Order 551.1C, or its successor, Official Foreign Travel, or any subsequent version of the order in effect at the time of award. [65 FR 81007, Dec. 22, 2000, as amended at 74 FR...

48 CFR 947.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION Foreign Travel 947.7001 Policy. Contractor foreign travel shall be conducted pursuant to the requirements contained in DOE Order 551.1C, or its successor, Official Foreign Travel, or any subsequent version of the order in effect at the time of award. [65 FR 81007, Dec. 22, 2000, as amended at 74 FR...

48 CFR 947.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION Foreign Travel 947.7001 Policy. Contractor foreign travel shall be conducted pursuant to the requirements contained in DOE Order 551.1C, or its successor, Official Foreign Travel, or any subsequent version of the order in effect at the time of award. [65 FR 81007, Dec. 22, 2000, as amended at 74 FR...

48 CFR 947.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION Foreign Travel 947.7001 Policy. Contractor foreign travel shall be conducted pursuant to the requirements contained in DOE Order 551.1C, or its successor, Official Foreign Travel, or any subsequent version of the order in effect at the time of award. [65 FR 81007, Dec. 22, 2000, as amended at 74 FR...

Are national policies on global health in fact national policies on global health governance? A comparison of policy designs from Norway and Switzerland.

PubMed

Jones, Catherine M; Clavier, Carole; Potvin, Louise

2017-01-01

Since the signing of the Oslo Ministerial Declaration in 2007, the idea that foreign policy formulation should include health considerations has gained traction on the United Nations agenda as evidenced by annual General Assembly resolutions on global health and foreign policy. The adoption of national policies on global health (NPGH) is one way that some member states integrate health and foreign policymaking. This paper explores what these policies intend to do and how countries plan to do it. Using a most similar systems design, we carried out a comparative study of two policy documents formally adopted in 2012. We conducted a directed qualitative content analysis of the Norwegian White Paper on Global health in foreign and development policy and the Swiss Health Foreign Policy using Schneider and Ingram's policy design framework. After replicating analysis methods for each document, we analysed them side by side to explore the commonalities and differences across elements of NPGH design. Analyses indicate that NPGH expect to influence change outside their borders. Targeting the international level, they aim to affect policy venues, multilateral partnerships and international institutions. Instruments for supporting desired changes are primarily those of health diplomacy, proposed as a tool for negotiating interests and objectives for global health between multiple sectors, used internally in Switzerland and externally in Norway. Findings suggest that NPGH designs contribute to constructing the global health governance system by identifying it as a policy target, and policy instruments may elude the health sector actors unless implementation rules explicitly include them. Research should explore how future NPGH designs may construct different kinds of targets as politicised groups of actors on which national governments seek to exercise influence for global health decision-making.

Are national policies on global health in fact national policies on global health governance? A comparison of policy designs from Norway and Switzerland

PubMed Central

Clavier, Carole; Potvin, Louise

2017-01-01

Background Since the signing of the Oslo Ministerial Declaration in 2007, the idea that foreign policy formulation should include health considerations has gained traction on the United Nations agenda as evidenced by annual General Assembly resolutions on global health and foreign policy. The adoption of national policies on global health (NPGH) is one way that some member states integrate health and foreign policymaking. This paper explores what these policies intend to do and how countries plan to do it. Methods Using a most similar systems design, we carried out a comparative study of two policy documents formally adopted in 2012. We conducted a directed qualitative content analysis of the Norwegian White Paper on Global health in foreign and development policy and the Swiss Health Foreign Policy using Schneider and Ingram's policy design framework. After replicating analysis methods for each document, we analysed them side by side to explore the commonalities and differences across elements of NPGH design. Results Analyses indicate that NPGH expect to influence change outside their borders. Targeting the international level, they aim to affect policy venues, multilateral partnerships and international institutions. Instruments for supporting desired changes are primarily those of health diplomacy, proposed as a tool for negotiating interests and objectives for global health between multiple sectors, used internally in Switzerland and externally in Norway. Conclusion Findings suggest that NPGH designs contribute to constructing the global health governance system by identifying it as a policy target, and policy instruments may elude the health sector actors unless implementation rules explicitly include them. Research should explore how future NPGH designs may construct different kinds of targets as politicised groups of actors on which national governments seek to exercise influence for global health decision-making. PMID:28589007

German Foreign and Security Policy: Determinants of German Military Engagement in Africa Since 2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

Ausland [Litmus test of a nation: The deployment of the Bundeswehr into foreign countries], ed. Christoph Schwegmann (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2011...Ausland [Litmus test of a nation: The deployment of the Bundeswehr into foreign countries], ed. Christoph Schwegman (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2011...21; Katy A. Crossley-Frolick, “Domestic Constraints, German Foreign Policy and Post -Conflict Peacebuilding,” German Politics and Society 31, no

A Strategic Appraisal of Russia

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-06

and Italy. The Camp David declaration last summer establishes a friendly relationship with the United States, and as Russian Foreign Minister A. Kozyrev ...agent in the international arena. When a country has to ask for help from outsiders, it gets less consideration. A. Kozyrev says, "No foreign policy...Foreign Minister A. Kozyrev of betraying Russia’s interests, and demand that Russian foreign policy be aggressive and prepared to take the offensive. Some

Cosmopolitanism and foreign policy for health: ethics for and beyond the state

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Foreign policy holds great potential to improve the health of a global citizenship. Our contemporary political order is, in part, characterized by sovereign states acting either in opposition or cooperation with other sovereign states. This order is also characterized by transnational efforts to address transnational issues such as those featured so prominently in the area of global health, such as the spread of infectious disease, health worker migration and the movement of health-harming products. These two features of the current order understandably create tension for truly global initiatives. Discussion National security has become the dominant ethical frame underlying the health-based foreign policy of many states, despite the transnational nature of many contemporary health challenges. This ethical approach engages global health as a means to achieving national security objectives. Implicit in this ethical frame is the version of humanity that dichotomizes between “us” and “them”. What has been left out of this discourse, for the most part, is the role that foreign policy can play in extending the responsibility of states to protect and promote health of the other, for the sake of the other. Summary The principal purpose of this paper is to review arguments for a cosmopolitan ethics of health-based foreign policy. I will argue that health-based foreign policy that is motivated by security interests is lacking both morally and practically to further global health goals. In other words, a cosmopolitan ethic is not only intrinsically superior as a moral ideal, but also has potential to contribute to utilitarian ends. This paper draws on the cosmopolitanism literature to build robust support for foreign policies that contribute to sustainable systems of global health governance. PMID:23829176

U.S. Foreign Policy in Southern Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

Union Carter Foreign Policy - Africa United States Foreign Policy Carter - World View u.s. - Soviet Relatio n s AaSTI’ACT (Cotttl-- reY«aa elde II... International boundarie5 0 I 0 Railway5 SOO Kilometers I SOO Miles •:rce: International Institute for Strate&ic Studies, Stratezk Sur11r...collective actor in international affairs, we are the individual actor in domestic affairs and politics and the receptor-spectator of what we see or think

Civil-Military Relations in Medvedev’s Russia

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Rates in Army Highest Over Past Ten Years — Prosecutor,” ITAR-TASS, July 9, 2009; also in WNC, July 10, 2009. 62. Gordon M. Hahn, Russia’s Islamic Threat...perfectly well the impact of this security policy on Russian foreign policy , and the need to promote them to both the Russian public and Russia’s foreign...Russian Federation on the international scene, and will inhibit its capacity for initiative in foreign policy for many years . Crisis Management

France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-21

view, France should seek a balance that embraces diversity yet preserves a degree of uniformity that sustains the French “identity.” He believes that...Order Code RL32464 France : Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.- French Relations Updated May 21, 2008 Paul Gallis Specialist in... France : Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.- French Relations 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6

American Foreign Policy. Social Studies: 6416.58.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siry, Larry

This American Studies elective course for 10th 11th, and 12th grade students emphasizes American foreign policy in this century. Specific examples of past policy serve as a basis for analyzing factors involved in policy making. It is hoped that a knowledge of the United States' role in the international arena will lead to a more complete…

The implementation of vessel-sinking policy as an effort to protect indonesian fishery resources and territorial waters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nurdin; Ikaningtyas; Kurniaty, Rika

2018-04-01

This study aims to analysis the effectiveness of foreign ship sinking policies to eradicate illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. There are many foreign fishing vessels were detained due to IUU fishing in Indonesia`s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) waters, particularly in the Natuna and Anambas region. In combating illegal fishing, the government of the Republic of Indonesia take concrete actions in protecting marine potentials by sinking foreign vessel policies. In the last three years more than 300 foreign ships are drowned by Indonesian government. This study revealed that regulations concerning the act of sinking the vessel have been in existence since 2009 but lack of socialization. The Indonesian government’s policy regarding foreign-flagged vessel carrying out IUU fishing is regulated under Law Number 45 of 2009 on Fisheries, and internationally permitted with certain restrictions on conditions set forth in article 73 paragraph (3) of UNCLOS 1982. These policy is part of an effort to improve the deterrence effect of regional offenses that could harm and threaten the sovereignty of the state.

The Bush Doctrine: The Foreign Policy of Republican Empire

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

the main issue—as is the case with foreign policy in general—is prudence, which Aristotle described as deliberating well about those things that can...be other than they are (means). According to Aristotle , prudence is the virtue most characteristic of the statesman. In foreign affairs, prudence...influence, and augmenting the happiness and value of life to all people of all colors everywhere.22 Such rhetoric informed both American domestic and foreign

JPRS Report, West Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-05

conciliatory moves in an effort to induce the Radical Liberals to support criticism of the foreign minister’s views on the division of roles between the...government and Folketing in the area of foreign policy. It was not with the idea of ousting Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen ( Liberal ) that...ment’s responsibility to pursue foreign policy. If others have a different view, they should take concrete action. 06578 Radical Liberals Will Not Go

Oslo Ministerial Declaration--global health: a pressing foreign policy issue of our time.

PubMed

2007-04-21

Under their initiative on Global Health and Foreign Policy, launched in September, 2006, in New York, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, France, Indonesia, Norway, Senegal, South Africa, and Thailand issued the following statement in Oslo on March 20, 2007-In today's era of globalisation and interdependence there is an urgent need to broaden the scope of foreign policy. Together, we face a number of pressing challenges that require concerted responses and collaborative efforts. We must encourage new ideas, seek and develop new partnerships and mechanisms, and create new paradigms of cooperation. We believe that health is one of the most important, yet still broadly neglected, long-term foreign policy issues of our time. Life and health are our most precious assets. There is a growing awareness that investment in health is fundamental to economic growth and development. It is generally acknowledged that threats to health may compromise a country's stability and security. We believe that health as a foreign policy issue needs a stronger strategic focus on the international agenda. We have therefore agreed to make impact on health a point of departure and a defining lens that each of our countries will use to examine key elements of foreign policy and development strategies, and to engage in a dialogue on how to deal with policy options from this perspective. As Ministers of Foreign Affairs, we will work to: increase awareness of our common vulnerability in the face of health threats by bringing health issues more strongly into the arenas of foreign policy discussions and decisions, in order to strengthen our commitment to concerted action at the global level; build bilateral, regional and multilateral cooperation for global health security by strengthening the case for collaboration and brokering broad agreement, accountability, and action; reinforce health as a key element in strategies for development and for fighting poverty, in order to reach the Millennium Development Goals; ensure that a higher priority is given to health in dealing with trade issues and in conforming to the Doha principles, affirming the right of each country to make full use of TRIPS flexibilities in order to ensure universal access to medicines; strengthen the place of health measures in conflict and crisis management and in reconstruction efforts. For this purpose, we have prepared a first set of actionable steps for raising the priority of health in foreign policy in an Agenda for Action. We pledge to pursue these issues in our respective regional settings and in relevant international bodies. We invite Ministers of Foreign Affairs from all regions to join us in further exploring ways and means to achieve our objectives.

22 CFR 1423.11 - Settlement or adjustment of issues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... respondent, and the Regional Director concludes that the offered settlement will effectuate the policies of... effectuate the policies of the Foreign Service Labor-Management Relations Statute, the Regional Director may... Regional Director concludes that the offered settlement will effectuate the policies of the Foreign Service...

22 CFR 1423.11 - Settlement or adjustment of issues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... respondent, and the Regional Director concludes that the offered settlement will effectuate the policies of... effectuate the policies of the Foreign Service Labor-Management Relations Statute, the Regional Director may... Regional Director concludes that the offered settlement will effectuate the policies of the Foreign Service...

32 CFR 268.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTING AND REPORTING OF FOREIGN INDEBTEDNESS WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE § 268.3 Policy. It is the policy of the Department of Defense that timely and aggressive collection efforts will be conducted to assure that foreign...

Foreign Language Immersion Programs and School Policy: Conflicting Agendas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olson Beal, Heather K.; Haj-Broussard, Michelle; Boudreaux, Nicole

2012-01-01

In this position article, we explore what happens when school district policies regarding desegregation, accountability, and foreign language immersion education collide. Specifically, we contrast 2 immersion programs that experienced distinct outcomes as a result of the conflicting agendas underlying these 3 policies. One program, originally…

22 CFR 1004.1 - General policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true General policies. 1004.1 Section 1004.1 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION RULES FOR IMPLEMENTING OPEN MEETINGS WITHIN THE INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION § 1004.1 General policies. The Inter-American Foundation (IAF) will, in accordance with the...

Conflicting Views on Language Policy and Planning at a Colombian University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miranda, Norbella; Berdugo, Martha; Tejada, Harvey

2016-01-01

The current internationalization trends in higher education and educational language policies impel universities to plan their provision of foreign languages. Often, universities are developing language policies, redesigning their foreign language programs and seeking to foster bilingual or multilingual strategies within graduate and undergraduate…

Think tanks and influence on US foreign policy: The people and the ideas

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-26

Strategic and International Studies CSP Center for Security Policy DLC Democratic Leadership Council FPI Foreign Policy Initiative IISS International...1977) followed in the same vein. The Progressive Policy Institute (PPI)(1989), established as the research element of the Democratic Leadership Council...President of the United States, the Progressive Policy Institute (PPI) was established as a think tank for the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC). It

Authoritarianism as a Driver of U.S. Foreign Policy: The Cases of Myanmar, Vietnam, and North Korea

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

environments. E. RESEARCH DESIGN The methodology of this paper employs statistical analysis and comparative case studies. With proxy scales that...U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: THE CASES OF MYANMAR, VIETNAM, AND NORTH KOREA by Rang Lee December 2016 Thesis Co-Advisor: Tristan Mabry Thesis Co-Advisor...COVERED Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE AUTHORITARIANISM AS A DRIVER OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: THE CASES OF MYANMAR, VIETNAM, AND NORTH KOREA 5

Cold War Agency: The United States and the Failure of the DIEM Experiment

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

2000s to establish democratic regimes in Afghanistan and Iraq reflect an American foreign policy tradition that began at the end of World War II. The...Afghanistan and Iraq reflect an American foreign policy tradition that began at the end of World War II. The pairing of national security interests...Afghanistan and Iraq reflect an American foreign policy tradition that began at the end of World War II. The pairing of national security interests with the

Confession and Carrying into Execution of Foreign Arbitration Courts' Decisions: Reciprocity and Public Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarina, Salima A.; Nukusheva, Aigul A.; Kalmagambetov, Kassym S.; Kumysbekova, Zhanara T.; Nesterova, Elena V.

2016-01-01

The article contains a comparative analysis of foreign arbitration courts' decisions, ensuring the reciprocity and public policy. The aim of the study is to explore such aspects as reciprocity and public policy of arbitration courts. The result is the view of the public policy, despite its apparent irrelevance in today's Kazakhstan, which is of…

The Crucial Role of Educational Stakeholders in the Appropriation of Foreign Language Education Policies: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peláez, Oscar; Usma, Jaime

2017-01-01

Drawing on the concept of policy appropriation, this study investigates how different education stakeholders in a rural region of Colombia perceive foreign language education policies, and how these perceptions shape the way they recreate these reforms at the ground level. Contributing to the field of language policy analysis in Colombia and…

Woodrow Wilson's hidden stroke of 1919: the impact of patient-physician confidentiality on United States foreign policy.

PubMed

Menger, Richard P; Storey, Christopher M; Guthikonda, Bharat; Missios, Symeon; Nanda, Anil; Cooper, John M

2015-07-01

World War I catapulted the United States from traditional isolationism to international involvement in a major European conflict. Woodrow Wilson envisaged a permanent American imprint on democracy in world affairs through participation in the League of Nations. Amid these defining events, Wilson suffered a major ischemic stroke on October 2, 1919, which left him incapacitated. What was probably his fourth and most devastating stroke was diagnosed and treated by his friend and personal physician, Admiral Cary Grayson. Grayson, who had tremendous personal and professional loyalty to Wilson, kept the severity of the stroke hidden from Congress, the American people, and even the president himself. During a cabinet briefing, Grayson formally refused to sign a document of disability and was reluctant to address the subject of presidential succession. Wilson was essentially incapacitated and hemiplegic, yet he remained an active president and all messages were relayed directly through his wife, Edith. Patient-physician confidentiality superseded national security amid the backdrop of friendship and political power on the eve of a pivotal juncture in the history of American foreign policy. It was in part because of the absence of Woodrow Wilson's vocal and unwavering support that the United States did not join the League of Nations and distanced itself from the international stage. The League of Nations would later prove powerless without American support and was unable to thwart the rise and advance of Adolf Hitler. Only after World War II did the United States assume its global leadership role and realize Wilson's visionary, yet contentious, groundwork for a Pax Americana. The authors describe Woodrow Wilson's stroke, the historical implications of his health decline, and its impact on United States foreign policy.

22 CFR 151.7 - Policy terms consistent with the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Policy terms consistent with the Act. 151.7 Section 151.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES COMPULSORY LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND PERSONNEL § 151.7 Policy terms consistent with the Act. (a...

22 CFR 151.7 - Policy terms consistent with the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Policy terms consistent with the Act. 151.7 Section 151.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES COMPULSORY LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND PERSONNEL § 151.7 Policy terms consistent with the Act. (a...

22 CFR 151.7 - Policy terms consistent with the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Policy terms consistent with the Act. 151.7 Section 151.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES COMPULSORY LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND PERSONNEL § 151.7 Policy terms consistent with the Act. (a...

22 CFR 151.7 - Policy terms consistent with the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Policy terms consistent with the Act. 151.7 Section 151.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES COMPULSORY LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND PERSONNEL § 151.7 Policy terms consistent with the Act. (a...

22 CFR 151.7 - Policy terms consistent with the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy terms consistent with the Act. 151.7 Section 151.7 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES COMPULSORY LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND PERSONNEL § 151.7 Policy terms consistent with the Act. (a...

22 CFR 226.11 - Pre-award policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pre-award policies. 226.11 Section 226.11 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE AWARDS TO U.S. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Pre-award Requirements § 226.11 Pre-award policies. (a) Use of grants and...

The Criticism of Foreign Policy Argument.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Robert P.

This survey of the state-of-the-art of research in international relations suggests that principles of sound argumentation can apply to major decisions in foreign policy. An analysis and critique of policy arguments regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis, the China-Korea-Vietnam embroilment, and the reestablishment of diplomatic relations with…

22 CFR 303.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy. 303.3 Section 303.3 Foreign Relations PEACE CORPS PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 303.3 Policy. The Peace Corps will make its records concerning its operations, activities, and business available to...

22 CFR 303.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Policy. 303.3 Section 303.3 Foreign Relations PEACE CORPS PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 303.3 Policy. The Peace Corps will make its records concerning its operations, activities, and business available to...

22 CFR 145.11 - Pre-award policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pre-award policies. 145.11 Section 145.11 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Pre-Award Requirements § 145.11 Pre-award policies...

The Rhetorical Icon: Toward an Iconological Theory of U.S. Foreign Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamlett, Ralph A.

American foreign policy must operate within the parameters of public opinion, and governmental and non-governmental actors must educate the characteristically alienated citizenry concerning policy issues. Since rational discourse is of limited benefit in the process, advocates instead use verbal representations or metaphor to instill within the…

78 FR 41314 - Review of Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... individuals, governments, and corporations in U.S.-organized entities that directly or indirectly control a U....-organized entities that do not control the licensee, to the extent the Commission determines such foreign... foreign investment that may pose a risk of harm to important national policies. WTO and Non-WTO Investment...

26 CFR 46.4371-2 - Imposition of tax on policies issued by foreign insurers; scope of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a nonresident alien individual, a foreign partnership, or a foreign corporation, as insurer (unless... “indemnity bond,” see section 4372(c). (b) Life insurance, sickness, and accident policies, and annuity... or an annuity contract is made, continued, or renewed, if issued: (1) By a nonresident alien...

77 FR 70400 - Reform of Rules and Policies on Foreign Carrier Entry Into the U.S. Telecommunications Market

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-26

... of Rules and Policies on Foreign Carrier Entry Into the U.S. Telecommunications Market AGENCY... telecommunications services and facilities under section 214 of Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the ``Act... affiliates of foreign carriers for entry into the U.S. market for international telecommunications services...

"Foreign Language Activities" in Japanese Elementary Schools: Negotiating Teacher Roles and Identities within a New Language Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horii, Sachiko Yokoi

2012-01-01

In 2008, a new language education policy called "Gaikokugo Katsudou" [Foreign Language Activities] was issued by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science, and Technology (MEXT) in Japan. Effective 2011, foreign language education became mandatory in all Japanese public elementary schools for the first time. With this dramatic…

A Tale of One China: How and Why Has the Efficacy of United States Arms Sales to Taiwan Changed Since 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

militarily. Even Taiwan’s attempts to adopt asymmetric and innovative defense capabilities, paired with the advantages of island defense and foreign ...States foreign policy. According to the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, the United States transfers “defense articles and services in furtherance...of national security and foreign policy objectives.” By increasing the military capabilities of foreign allies and partners, the United States

International nurse migration: lessons from the Philippines.

PubMed

Brush, Barbara L; Sochalski, Julie

2007-02-01

Developed countries facing nursing shortages have increasingly turned to aggressive foreign nurse recruitment, primarily from developing nations, to offset their lagging domestic nurse supplies and meet growing health care demands. Few donor nations are prepared to manage the loss of their nurse workforce to migration. The sole country with an explicit nurse export policy and the world's leading donor of nurse labor - the Philippines - is itself facing serious provider maldistribution and countrywide health disparities. Examining the historical roots of Philippines nurse migration provides lessons from which other nurse exporting countries may learn. The authors discuss factors that have predicated nurse migration and policies that have eased the way. Furthermore, the authors analyze how various stakeholders influence migratory patterns, the implications of migration for nurses and the public in their care, and the challenges that future social policy and political systems face in addressing global health issues engendered by unfettered recruitment of nurses and other health workers.

Strategic Implications of Turkey’s Potential Admission to the European Union on the War Against Islamic Terrorism

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-02-22

invasions by other nations, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk led a movement which created the Republic of Turkey. His vision was for a stable, modern...Khan and M. Hakan Yavuz note, “…in the mid-1990s, a Muslim-oriented political movement emerged as the most dynamic and popular force in Turkey.”65 The...to Khan and Yavuz , “there are perceptions that foreign policy-making in the current Bush administration is increasingly dominated by hard-liners with

Latin American Cultural Resiliency to External Foreign Policy: Strategic Implications for the United States as China Extends Into Latin America

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-04

that is most lacking— culture. He said, “(t)he two sides should expand exchanges in the fields of culture, education, sport , media, and tourism , to...2007 switch in recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the PRC rewarded Costa Rica with a “new $90 million sports stadium and purchas(ed) $300 million of...and tourism .”18 Shortly thereafter, the Mexican government announced that CRCC would be compensated $1.3 million.19 Whether Mexico did this to

Latin American Cultural Resiliency to External Foreign Policy: Strategic Implications for the United States as China Extends into Latin America

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-04

that is most lacking— culture. He said, “(t)he two sides should expand exchanges in the fields of culture, education, sport , media, and tourism , to...2007 switch in recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the PRC rewarded Costa Rica with a “new $90 million sports stadium and purchas(ed) $300 million of...and tourism .”18 Shortly thereafter, the Mexican government announced that CRCC would be compensated $1.3 million.19 Whether Mexico did this to

[Healthcare: a growing role in international politics].

PubMed

Dixneuf, M; Rey, J L

2004-01-01

Since the end of the cold war the tone of international relations has clearly changed. Whereas relations were once defined strictly in terms of more or less armed confrontation, economic and social issues now play a growing role. Healthcare policies in Africa have long been influenced by the policies of countries sponsoring bilateral and even multilateral foreign aid programs. However the last ten years have witnessed an increasing interaction between international policy and healthcare policy. The two main reasons for this trend involve 1) access to drug treatment and the WTO and 2) the extension and impact of the AIDS epidemic. The problem of access to drug treatment for poor populations (fundamental right) has led to the emergence of an increasingly strong and effective civil society. Because of its social and economic effects as well as its geopolitical and security implications, AIDS has become a major factor in international relations. With regard to both these issues the place and role of the USA is demonstrative of the interaction between healthcare and international relations.

Adapting American Policymaking to Overcome American Exceptionalism

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-13

policies of the United States were due a portion of blame for motivating the attacks of 9/11. Whether due to self - referentialism , cultural centrism, or...for. However, a deep inward look toward the foreign policy framing and decision making process is necessary to adapt that policy and address the tension...inward look toward the foreign policy framing and decision making process is necessary to adapt that policy and address the tension between U.S

Impact of policies regulating foreign physician migration to Switzerland: a modelling case study in anaesthesia.

PubMed

Haller, Guy; Combescure, Christophe; Mamie, Chantal; Zoccatelli, Davide; Clergue, François

2015-05-22

Several countries have developed policies that restrict or limit duration of stay, clinical privileges or the number of residency permits allocated to migrating physicians. Switzerland is currently preparing a new law limiting overall foreign immigration. The impact of such restrictive policies is currently unknown. In a case study of anaesthesia care in Switzerland we modelled, trends in the size of physicians' workforce until 2024, following the implementation of a strict quota policy for foreign medical trainees. We developed a computer-based Markov model with Monte-Carlo simulations to project, in the context of a strict quota policy for foreign trainees, supply and demand for anaesthesia positions until 2024. We used data from a cross-sectional study performed in the French- and Italian-speaking cantons of Switzerland and the Health dataset from the OECD. With 8 to 12 (95% CI 4-20) anaesthetists retiring per year, the implementation of strict quotas of foreign graduates would result in a 38% decrease in the number of anaesthetists in intermediary (senior registrars) positions by 2024. This decrease would be particularly important in district hospitals where nearly half (49%) of the non-Swiss anaesthetists are practising. Swiss graduates are unlikely to balance the shortage. Despite efforts by Swiss universities to increase the number of medical graduates, their number has dropped from 10.5 to 9.7/100 000 inhabitants between 2000 and 2012, due to the growth of the population. This case study in Latin Switzerland shows that a restrictive policy limiting foreign immigration of trainees would result in a major deficit in the number of anaesthetists available to meet population needs. These aspects should be carefully considered when countries develop restrictions and limitations of foreign immigration.

U.S. - Panama Relations in the 1990’s: Developing a Post-Noriega Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-08

Latin America Daily Report, 22 December 1989, p. 28. 22. "Foreign Minister Linares Outlines Foreign Policy," Panama City Circuito RPC Television (Channel...Daily Report 2 May 1989: 20. "Endara Says U.S. Forces To Leave in 1 Month." Panama City Circuito RPC TV (Channel 4) 23 December 1989, reported in FBIS...America Dai Report 12 January 1990: 29. "Foreign Minister Linares Outlines Foreign Policy." Panama City Circuito RPC Television (Channel 4) 25 December

Lessons from History: Defining Moments in the American Presidency and Foreign Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Claunch, Ann

2008-01-01

For much of American history, political leaders have stood by a principle that "politics stops at the water's edge." While political disagreements about domestic policies are seen as inevitable and even healthy, there has been a tradition of trying to avoid partisan disagreements over foreign policy. As a result, intense disagreements…

Foreign Language Faculty's Appropriation of an Academic Publishing Policy at a US University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuentes, Ronald; Gómez Soler, Inmaculada

2018-01-01

As a result of internationalisation, many universities have developed policies that encourage publications in English. This study explores this issue by examining multilingual scholars' experiences of publishing policies in an Anglophone context and more specifically within the discipline of foreign languages--an inherently plurilingual discipline…

22 CFR 1101.3 - General policy: Collection and use of personal information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true General policy: Collection and use of personal information. 1101.3 Section 1101.3 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, UNITED STATES SECTION PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1101.3 General policy: Collection and use...

22 CFR 507.1 - General policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true General policies. 507.1 Section 507.1 Foreign Relations BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS RULES FOR IMPLEMENTING OPEN MEETINGS UNDER THE SUNSHINE ACT FOR THE BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS § 507.1 General policies. The Broadcasting Board of Governors will provide the public with the fullest...

15 CFR 5.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Policy. 5.2 Section 5.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce OPERATION OF VENDING STANDS § 5.2 Policy. (a) The... Randolph-Sheppard Vending Stand Act, as amended to operate vending stands without any charge for space or...

15 CFR 5.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Policy. 5.2 Section 5.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce OPERATION OF VENDING STANDS § 5.2 Policy. (a) The... Randolph-Sheppard Vending Stand Act, as amended to operate vending stands without any charge for space or...

15 CFR 5.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Policy. 5.2 Section 5.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce OPERATION OF VENDING STANDS § 5.2 Policy. (a) The... Randolph-Sheppard Vending Stand Act, as amended to operate vending stands without any charge for space or...

15 CFR 5.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Policy. 5.2 Section 5.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce OPERATION OF VENDING STANDS § 5.2 Policy. (a) The... Randolph-Sheppard Vending Stand Act, as amended to operate vending stands without any charge for space or...

15 CFR 5.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Policy. 5.2 Section 5.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce OPERATION OF VENDING STANDS § 5.2 Policy. (a) The... Randolph-Sheppard Vending Stand Act, as amended to operate vending stands without any charge for space or...

22 CFR 1101.3 - General policy: Collection and use of personal information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true General policy: Collection and use of personal information. 1101.3 Section 1101.3 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, UNITED STATES SECTION PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1101.3 General policy: Collection and use...

22 CFR 1101.3 - General policy: Collection and use of personal information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true General policy: Collection and use of personal information. 1101.3 Section 1101.3 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, UNITED STATES SECTION PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1101.3 General policy: Collection and use...

22 CFR 1101.3 - General policy: Collection and use of personal information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false General policy: Collection and use of personal information. 1101.3 Section 1101.3 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, UNITED STATES SECTION PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1101.3 General policy: Collection and use...

Language Policing: Micro-Level Language Policy-in-Process in the Foreign Language Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amir, Alia; Musk, Nigel

2013-01-01

This article examines what we call "micro-level language policy-in-process"--that is, how a target--language-only policy emerges "in situ" in the foreign language classroom. More precisely, we investigate the role of "language policing", the mechanism deployed by the teacher and/or pupils to (re-)establish the…

22 CFR 1003.1 - General policies, conditions of disclosure, accounting of certain disclosures, and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true General policies, conditions of disclosure, accounting of certain disclosures, and definitions. 1003.1 Section 1003.1 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION RULES SAFEGUARDING PERSONAL INFORMATION IN IAF RECORDS § 1003.1 General policies, conditions of...

Knowledge and Opinion on the Nuclear Freeze: A Test of Three Models.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tankard, James W., Jr.

To explore how knowledge influences opinion in foreign policy, results of a survey on voter familiarity with and attitude toward nuclear policy issues were compared with three theoretical models of the knowledge/opinion relationship: (1) the enlightenment model--as knowledge increases, support for belligerent foreign policy stands decreases; (2)…

Primary and embedded steel imports to the U.S.: implications for the design of border tax adjustments.

PubMed

Izard, Catherine F; Weber, Christopher L; Matthews, H Scott

2010-09-01

Carbon Border Tax Adjustments (BTAs) are a politically popular strategy for avoiding competitive disadvantage problems when a country implements a unilateral climate change policy. A BTA taxes carbon embodied in imported goods in order to protect domestic industry and motivate other countries to implement climate change policy. To estimate the effectiveness of a BTA, is it is necessary to know which products are covered, where they were originally produced and ultimately exported from, and how the covered amount compares to total production in foreign countries. Using a scrap-adjusted, mixed-unit input-output model in conjunction with a multiregional input-output model, this analysis evaluates the effectiveness of BTAs for the case study of U.S. steel imports. Most imported steel by mass is embedded in finished products (60%), and 30% of that steel is produced in a different country than the one from which the final good is exported. Given the magnitudes involved and complexities of global supply chains, a BTA that protects domestic industry will be a challenge to implement. We propose a logistically feasible BTA structure that minimizes the information burden while still accounting for these complexities. However, the amount of steel imported to the U.S. is negligible (5%) compared to foreign production in BTA-eligible countries and is unlikely to motivate affected countries to impose an emissions reduction policy.

Using Geographical Information Systems to Explore Disparities in Preterm Birth Rates Among Foreign-born and U.S.-born Black Mothers

PubMed Central

Bloch, Joan Rosen

2012-01-01

Objective To examine spatial patterns of neighborhood contextual factors of stress with preterm birth (PTB) and nativity (foreign-born and U.S.-born) among Black mothers. Design Descriptive geographic-spatial research. Setting & Participants Births to Philadelphia residents during 2003–2005 in the context of Philadelphia residential neighborhoods (N = 350) were studied. Methods All data were aggregated to neighborhood levels (census tracts). Maps were created to assess geographic-spatial patterns. A geographic information system (GIS) database was created that imported geo-coded data on births, crime (assaults with guns and domestic abuse), poverty, race, and nativity (foreign-born vs. U.S.-born). Results Clear visual patterns of “bad” neighborhoods emerged and were significantly associated with higher prevalence of PTB for foreign-born Black and U.S.-born Black mothers (p < .0001). Conclusions This study demonstrated how GIS visually clarified important spatial patterns of adverse living conditions and PTB prevalence. Nurses can use GIS to better understand living environments of mothers and their families and to target interventions in geographical areas with the greatest service needs. Further research on individual and contextual factors is warranted to address the observed health disparities among the heterogeneous groups of foreign-born Black mothers. Despite limitations of aggregate data, it is clear that where mothers live matters. This has important implications for nursing practice and policy. PMID:22273411

With the help of a foreign ally: biopharmaceutical innovation in India after TRIPS.

PubMed

Angeli, Federica

2014-05-01

This article investigates the implications of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which reached full-fledged implementation in 2005, for the patenting activity of Indian biopharmaceutical companies. The Indian biopharmaceutical industry is well-known for its generic producers, whose business models capitalize on the opportunity to reverse-engineer patented compounds and produce them at low costs through process innovation. By strengthening intellectual property rights, TRIPS determined a major regulative change, which presents the characteristics of an institutional shock. The examination of the patenting and alliance activity of 123 Indian biopharmaceutical firms between 1999 and 2009 reveals two important insights. First, the innovation outcome of Indian biopharmaceuticals has sharply increased during the transition to TRIPS-compliant regulation, suggesting that Indian companies have been capable and willing to transit from an imitation-based to an innovation-based business model. Second, those biopharmaceutical firms holding cross-border alliances to foreign partners have proved significantly more successful at enhancing their innovative capability. This research delivers a multifold contribution to the policy debate surrounding the enforcement of TRIPS in emerging economies. First, it suggests that such regulatory change may have encouraged biopharmaceutical innovation in India, despite the sceptical voices who did not foresee any benefits because of inherent inertia of the industry. Second, by arguing and testing the advantages of foreign partnerships, this research highlights that the much feared return of pharmaceutical foreign companies to India could instead favour adaptation to institutional change. Implications for Indian public health are particularly critical. The impact of TRIPS on drug pricing and on the capability--and willingness--of Indian biopharmaceuticals to invest in local health conditions are two crucial points of discussion.

Direct foreign investment: a migration push-factor?

PubMed

Sassen-koob, S

1984-01-01

Policymakers and analysts now recognize that US military activities abroad contribute to the creation of refugee flows into the US. Previously, immigration into the US was viewed as a result of inept and failed domestic policies in the countries of origin. Results show that recent immigrants to the US come from countries with neither the poorest nor the largest population growth rate in the less developed world. However, the sending countries received US direct foreign investment (DFI) in the 1970s, particularly labor intensive investment in export manufacturing. Significant levels and concentrations of DFI promote emigration through: 1) the incorporation of new segments of the population into wage labor and the associated disruption of traditional work structures, 2) the feminization of the new industrial work force and its impact on the work opportunities of men, and 3) the consolidation of objective and ideological links with the highly industrialized countries where most foreign capital originates. The data suggest an examination of the causes of emigration on a much more specific level than that of underdevelopment, poverty, and population growth. These facts carry immediate policy implications for US immigration organizations: 1) if US firms in export processing zones recruited workers from the pool of unemployed--mostly prime-age males--rather than expanding the labor supply by recruiting young women, thereby disrupting unwaged work structures, and 2) if these firms would desist from having high turnover rates among workers, then the migration impact of this type of development would be minimized.

Commercial Sealift and U.S. National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

and maintaining a U.S. flag merchant marine fleet in today’s globalized shipping environment, where lower cost foreign flag registries of convenience ...in today’s globalized shipping environment, where lower cost foreign flag registries of convenience dominate the industry and which policy tools are...shipping environment, where lower cost foreign flag registries of convenience dominate the industry and which policy tools are best suited to meet our

The Conduct of United States Foreign Policy in the Nation's Third Century. Headline Series. No. 231.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manning, Bayless

This Headline Series, focusing on U.S. foreign policy, is adapted from a series of four lectures by the author delivered at the Claremont University Center in April 1975. Part one discusses the 1973 Mideast oil embargo and the impact of the crisis on future U.S. foreign relations. Especially affected are questions of interdependence, raw…

22 CFR 126.6 - Foreign-owned military aircraft and naval vessels, and the Foreign Military Sales program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Foreign-owned military aircraft and naval vessels, and the Foreign Military Sales program. 126.6 Section 126.6 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS GENERAL POLICIES AND PROVISIONS § 126.6 Foreign-owned military...

Governmental and Institutional Policies on Foreign Students: An Overview and Bibliography. Special Studies in Comparative Education, Number Sixteen.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lulat, Y. G-M.; And Others

This document analyzes, compares, and evaluates foreign student policies of governments and higher education institutions throughout the Western world and it also provides an extensive bibliography of materials on this topic. After a brief introductory chapter providing definitions and delineating categories of policy issues, the following topics…

Protecting policy space for public health nutrition in an era of international investment agreements.

PubMed

Thow, Anne Marie; McGrady, Benn

2014-02-01

Philip Morris has recently brought claims against Australia (2011) and Uruguay (2010) under international investment agreements (IIAs). The claims allege that Philip Morris is entitled to compensation following the introduction of innovative tobacco packaging regulations to reduce smoking and prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Since tobacco control measures are often viewed as a model for public health nutrition measures, the claims raise the question of how investment law governs the latter. This paper begins to answer this question and to explain how governments can proactively protect policy space for public health nutrition in an era of expanding IIAs. The authors first consider the main interventions proposed to reduce diet-related NCDs and their intersection with investment in the food supply chain. They then review the nature of investment regimes and relevant case law and examine ways to maximize policy space for public health nutrition intervention within this legal context. As foreign investment increases across the food-chain and more global recommendations discouraging the consumption of unhealthful products are issued, investment law will increase in importance as part of the legal architecture governing the food supply. The implications of investment law for public health nutrition measures depend on various factors: the measures themselves, the terms of the applicable agreements, the conditions surrounding the foreign investment and the policies governing agricultural support. This analysis suggests that governments should adopt proactive measures--e.g. the clarification of terms and reliance on exceptions--to manage investment and protect their regulatory autonomy with respect to public health nutrition.

Protecting policy space for public health nutrition in an era of international investment agreements

PubMed Central

McGrady, Benn

2014-01-01

Abstract Philip Morris has recently brought claims against Australia (2011) and Uruguay (2010) under international investment agreements (IIAs). The claims allege that Philip Morris is entitled to compensation following the introduction of innovative tobacco packaging regulations to reduce smoking and prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Since tobacco control measures are often viewed as a model for public health nutrition measures, the claims raise the question of how investment law governs the latter. This paper begins to answer this question and to explain how governments can proactively protect policy space for public health nutrition in an era of expanding IIAs. The authors first consider the main interventions proposed to reduce diet-related NCDs and their intersection with investment in the food supply chain. They then review the nature of investment regimes and relevant case law and examine ways to maximize policy space for public health nutrition intervention within this legal context. As foreign investment increases across the food-chain and more global recommendations discouraging the consumption of unhealthful products are issued, investment law will increase in importance as part of the legal architecture governing the food supply. The implications of investment law for public health nutrition measures depend on various factors: the measures themselves, the terms of the applicable agreements, the conditions surrounding the foreign investment and the policies governing agricultural support. This analysis suggests that governments should adopt proactive measures – e.g. the clarification of terms and reliance on exceptions – to manage investment and protect their regulatory autonomy with respect to public health nutrition. PMID:24623907

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyce, Tucker

International trade and related economic activities in Central and South Asia are increasing as developing economies, particularly India and Pakistan, grow. China continues to emerge as a major regional and global power and has embarked upon numerous regional economic and political initiatives . A major development is the China - Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a host of infrastructure and trade projects worth over 40 billion American dollars . This report analyzes CPEC a nd its potential regional effects, including the trade security implications of the port and land infrastructure developments . As trade increase s in the reg ion andmore » the major CPEC infrastructure projects are completed, there will be numerous implications on trade security and geopolitics within South Asia. CPEC projects uniquely intersect numerous regional situations, including territorial disputes in Kashmir, the Afghanistan/Pakistan border, and Chinese foreign policy a mbitions. A nuanced understanding of these effects can influence future policy adjustments in this region . The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of Sandia National Laboratories or the author's current and past institutions.« less

Recent Foreign Language Education Policies in Palestine.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amara, Muhammad Hasan

2003-01-01

Investigates the development of foreign language education policies in Palestine at a time when the establishment of a Palestinian state has become a real option, and when, following the Oslo agreements, the Palestinians have become responsible for Palestinian education. (Author/VWL)

An Analysis of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy and Economic Development. A.I.D. Discussion Paper No. 36.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergsten, C. Fred; De Castro, Bruce

The purpose of the paper is to analyze U.S. policies toward financial investment in developing nations. The paper is presented in two sections. In section I, the controversial effects of direct foreign investment on development are discussed. Case studies of investment policies toward India, the Philippines, Ghana, Guatemala, and Argentina are…

22 CFR 120.3 - Policy on designating or determining defense articles and services on the U.S. Munitions List.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy on designating or determining defense articles and services on the U.S. Munitions List. 120.3 Section 120.3 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.3 Policy on designating or determining...

Review and Analysis of the Colombian Foreign Language Bilingualism Policies and Plans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gómez Sará, Mary Mily

2017-01-01

This article reviews the background of the foreign language bilingualism in Colombia, as well as the Colombian bilingualism plans and the policy launched between 2004 and 2016. Then, these plans and policy are analyzed taking into account the most common criticisms from the academic community. In this sense, aspects such as the lack of continuity,…

22 CFR 161.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Policy. 161.2 Section 161.2 Foreign Relations... environmental review procedures with the Department's decisionmaking process; (d) Invite and facilitate, when appropriate, Federal, State and local governmental authorities and public involvement in decisions which...

The Role of the Department of State in the Foreign Policy Decision-Making Process

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-01

continually hone his issues, chaos in~ wisely ~mong the 12 options, developing a relatively coherent set of policies, communicating them, persuading...the President to develop and imp]e;L~.er:~:, a sound foreign policy strategy for the United States. ill BIOGRAPfIICAL SKETCH Dorothy M. Sampas...business overseas and development of more U.o. < markets overseas -- in 1979, to the Department of Commerce.. --The loss of policy guidance for U e

22 CFR 229.140 - Dissemination of policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Dissemination of policy. 229.140 Section 229.140 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX IN EDUCATION PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Introduction § 229.140 Dissemination...

32 CFR 151.1 - Reissuance and purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MILITARY JUSTICE STATUS OF FORCES POLICIES AND INFORMATION § 151.1 Reissuance and purpose. This part is reissued to update established DoD policy and procedures on trial by foreign courts and treatment in.... personnel); and provides uniform reporting on the exercise of foreign criminal jurisdiction. ...

West Europe Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-23

decline in the domestic and foreign debts as of 1988. Tight Fiscal Policy [Question] In the budget survey, you establish that Denmark is among the...OECD countries that have taken the tightest fiscal policy measures. Is there reason to be proud of this? [Answer] Indeed, considering the results...that have been achieved. Foreign countries have actually been surprised that, despite the very tight fiscal policy that we have been pursuing, we have

Global health in foreign policy--and foreign policy in health? Evidence from the BRICS.

PubMed

Watt, Nicola F; Gomez, Eduardo J; McKee, Martin

2014-09-01

Amidst the growing literature on global health, much has been written recently about the Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) countries and their involvement and potential impact in global health, particularly in relation to development assistance. Rather less has been said about countries' motivations for involvement in global health negotiations, and there is a notable absence of evidence when their motivations are speculated on. This article uses an existing framework linking engagement in global health to foreign policy to explore differing levels of engagement by BRICS countries in the global health arena, with a particular focus on access to medicines. It concludes that countries' differing and complex motivations reinforce the need for realistic, pragmatic approaches to global health debates and their analysis. It also underlines that these analyses should be informed by analysis from other areas of foreign policy. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2013; all rights reserved.

Improving health services for African migrants in China: A health diplomacy perspective

PubMed Central

McLaughlin, Megan M.; Lee, Margaret C.; Hall, Brian J.; Bulterys, Marc; Ling, Li; Tucker, Joseph D.

2014-01-01

Global health has been an increasingly prominent component of foreign policy in the last decade. The term health diplomacy has been used to describe this growing interface between foreign policy and global health, and it encompasses both the concept of using health to further foreign policy objectives, as well as the idea that diplomatic tools can be helpful for attaining public health goals. The Chinese presence in Africa has grown in the last 15 years, generating increased interest in Sino-African relations. While much has been written in recent years about the Chinese presence in Africa, the growing numbers of Africans in China have attracted considerably less attention. Many are small-scale traders and might be expected to face many of the health challenges common among foreign migrants, but their health needs have been largely unrecognised. In this paper, we consider how a health diplomacy approach could be applied to African migrants in China, and the potential advantages and limitations of this strategy. We identify areas of overlap between public health, trade, and foreign policy goals that can be emphasised to generate support for improved services for African migrants in China and to engage partners from a diversity of sectors. PMID:24807820

Foreign Language Planning in Saudi Arabia: Beyond English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Payne, Mark; Almansour, Maram

2014-01-01

This paper presents findings from an exploratory study of foreign language planning in Saudi Arabia. In terms of official policy, the sole foreign language taught in Saudi public schools is English. Therefore, researching foreign languages there is often limited to researching the area of English as a Foreign Language. However, evidence shows that…

Using geographical information systems to explore disparities in preterm birth rates among foreign-born and U.S.-born Black mothers.

PubMed

Bloch, Joan Rosen

2011-01-01

To examine spatial patterns of neighborhood contextual factors of stress with preterm birth (PTB) and nativity (foreign-born and U.S.-born) among Black mothers. Descriptive geographic-spatial research. Births to Philadelphia residents during 2003-2005 in the context of Philadelphia residential neighborhoods (N = 350) were studied. All data were aggregated to neighborhood levels (census tracts). Maps were created to assess geographic-spatial patterns. A geographic information system (GIS) database was created that imported geo-coded data on births, crime (assaults with guns and domestic abuse), poverty, race, and nativity (foreign-born vs. U.S.-born). Clear visual patterns of "bad" neighborhoods emerged and were significantly associated with higher prevalence of PTB for foreign-born Black and U.S.-born Black mothers (p < .0001). This study demonstrated how GIS visually clarified important spatial patterns of adverse living conditions and PTB prevalence. Nurses can use GIS to better understand living environments of mothers and their families and to target interventions in geographical areas with the greatest service needs. Further research on individual and contextual factors is warranted to address the observed health disparities among the heterogeneous groups of foreign-born Black mothers. Despite limitations of aggregate data, it is clear that where mothers live matters. This has important implications for nursing practice and policy. © 2011 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses.

78 FR 44028 - Review of Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees AGENCY: Federal... route and aeronautical fixed radio station licensees. DATES: Effective on August 9, 2013. FOR FURTHER... following corrections are made: Subpart F--Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings [Corrected...

22 CFR 9a.2 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... important element of our national security. The effectiveness of the Agreement depends significantly upon... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General policy. 9a.2 Section 9a.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE GENERAL SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL...

48 CFR 927.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... DOE before domestic and foreign patent offices; (4) Accept assignments and instruments confirmatory of... PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights Under Government Contracts 927.302 Policy. (a) Except for... application for a patent and retain title to any ensuing patent in any foreign country in which DOE does not...

48 CFR 927.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... DOE before domestic and foreign patent offices; (4) Accept assignments and instruments confirmatory of... PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights Under Government Contracts 927.302 Policy. (a) Except for... application for a patent and retain title to any ensuing patent in any foreign country in which DOE does not...

48 CFR 927.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... DOE before domestic and foreign patent offices; (4) Accept assignments and instruments confirmatory of... PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights Under Government Contracts 927.302 Policy. (a) Except for... application for a patent and retain title to any ensuing patent in any foreign country in which DOE does not...

48 CFR 927.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... DOE before domestic and foreign patent offices; (4) Accept assignments and instruments confirmatory of... PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Patent Rights Under Government Contracts 927.302 Policy. (a) Except for... application for a patent and retain title to any ensuing patent in any foreign country in which DOE does not...

U.S. Foreign Policy Priorities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pell, Claiborne

1983-01-01

The three highest priorities for American foreign policy are avoiding nuclear war by working with the Soviet leadership to alter our present collision course, demonstrating our commitment to human rights throughout the world, and ensuring American economic prosperity by strengthening exports and ensuring the stability of the international monetary…

A Brief Introduction to Foreign Languages Education Policy in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Weiwen

2012-01-01

Based on a series of official published documents and relevant research reports, the paper make a brief introduction to foreign languages education policies in China, which included national English teaching guidance, national English language textbooks, national English curriculum standard and the massive English teachers training program, etc.…

22 CFR 215.14 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... required by executive order to be kept secret in the interest of the national defense or foreign policy, to... functioning and integrity of law enforcement activities, to prevent disclosure of investigative techniques, to... executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy, to prevent subjects...

Personality Variables in Foreign Policy Decision Making Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Karen S.

Described and critiqued are studies that attempt to describe how personality factors affect foreign policy decision making. Political behavior cannot be explained in terms of personality alone. Such an attempt is a psychological reductionism that ignores the chains of causation that run from underlying personality construct to social and political…

Great Decisions 1990: Foreign Policy Issues Facing the Nation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.

The 1990 Great Decisions program, part of an annual series on foreign policy issues, is intended to create better better public understanding through information and analyses of important international issues. Current information is presented so that participants may be stimulated toward discussion, form opinions and contribute to the policy…

15 CFR 14.11 - Pre-award policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Pre-award policies. 14.11 Section 14.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS... used when the principal purpose is acquisition of property or services for the direct benefit or use of...

Science Policy: Former NAS Official Reviews World Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malone, Thomas F.

1982-01-01

Issues discussed with Thomas F. Malone (former Foreign Secretary-National Academy of Sciences) include: scientists role in dealing with such global problems as nuclear war and needs in developing countries; scientific relations with China/Soviet Union; scientific enterprise/human rights; science/technology role in foreign policy; and political…

Foreign Policy: The High and Low Politics of Telecommunications. Publication 76-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Read, William H.

The rise of international telecommunications reflects the growth of so called "transnational" activities engaged in by border-spanning organizations, such as multinational enterprises, cross-cultural affinity groups, and even military commands. To reevaluate the process by which telecommunications foreign policy is made, this study reviews the…

15 CFR 742.7 - Crime control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Crime control. 742.7 Section 742.7... INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS CONTROL POLICY-CCL BASED CONTROLS § 742.7 Crime control. (a) License requirements. In support of U.S. foreign policy to promote the...

78 FR 54623 - Effects of Foreign Policy-Based Export Controls

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-05

... Foreign Policy-Based Export Controls AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security, Commerce. ACTION: Request... export controls in the Export Administration Regulations. BIS is requesting public comments to conduct... with industry on the effect of such controls and to report the results of the consultations to Congress...

32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

32 CFR 2400.38 - Protection of foreign government information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protection of foreign government information. 2400.38 Section 2400.38 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY...

28 CFR 16.75 - Exemption of the Office of the Inspector General Systems/Limited Access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... General Systems/Limited Access. 16.75 Section 16.75 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE... properly classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. (2... classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. Amendment of...

28 CFR 16.75 - Exemption of the Office of the Inspector General Systems/Limited Access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... General Systems/Limited Access. 16.75 Section 16.75 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE... properly classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. (2... classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. Amendment of...

28 CFR 16.75 - Exemption of the Office of the Inspector General Systems/Limited Access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... General Systems/Limited Access. 16.75 Section 16.75 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE... properly classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. (2... classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. Amendment of...

28 CFR 16.75 - Exemption of the Office of the Inspector General Systems/Limited Access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... General Systems/Limited Access. 16.75 Section 16.75 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE... properly classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. (2... classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. Amendment of...

28 CFR 16.75 - Exemption of the Office of the Inspector General Systems/Limited Access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... General Systems/Limited Access. 16.75 Section 16.75 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE... properly classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. (2... classified information which would compromise the national defense or disrupt foreign policy. Amendment of...

22 CFR 8.2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Policy. 8.2 Section 8.2 Foreign Relations... solely for advisory functions and any decision taken pursuant to the advice or recommendation of an... advisory committees will be open to the public unless there is a compelling reason which requires...

Understanding how domestic health policy is integrated into foreign policy in South Africa: a case for accelerating access to antiretroviral medicines.

PubMed

Modisenyane, Simon Moeketsi; Hendricks, Stephen James Heinrich; Fineberg, Harvey

2017-01-01

South Africa, as an emerging middle-income country, is becoming increasingly influential in global health diplomacy (GHD). However, little empirical research has been conducted to inform arguments for the integration of domestic health into foreign policy by state and non-state actors. This study seeks to address this knowledge gap. It takes the form of an empirical case study which analyses how South Africa integrates domestic health into its foreign policy, using the lens of access to antiretroviral (ARV) medicines. To explore state and non-state actors' perceptions regarding how domestic health policy is integrated into foreign policy. The ultimate goal of this study was to achieve better insights into the health and foreign policy processes at the national level. Employing qualitative approaches, we examined changes in the South African and global AIDS policy environment. Purposive sampling was used to select key informants, a sample of state and non-state actors who participated in in-depth interviews. Secondary data were collected through a systematic literature review of documents retrieved from five electronic databases, including review of key policy documents. Qualitative data were analysed for content. This content was coded, and the codes were collated into tentative categories and sub-categories using Atlas.ti v.7 software. The findings of this work illustrate the interplay among social, political, economic and institutional conditions in determining the success of this integration process. Our study shows that a series of national and external developments, stakeholders, and advocacy efforts and collaboration created these integrative processes. South Africa's domestic HIV/AIDS constituencies, in partnership with the global advocacy movement, catalysed the mobilization of support for universal access to ARV treatment nationally and globally, and the promotion of access to healthcare as a human right. Transnational networks may influence government's decision making by providing information and moving issues up the agenda.

Understanding how domestic health policy is integrated into foreign policy in South Africa: a case for accelerating access to antiretroviral medicines

PubMed Central

Modisenyane, Simon Moeketsi; Hendricks, Stephen James Heinrich; Fineberg, Harvey

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: South Africa, as an emerging middle-income country, is becoming increasingly influential in global health diplomacy (GHD). However, little empirical research has been conducted to inform arguments for the integration of domestic health into foreign policy by state and non-state actors. This study seeks to address this knowledge gap. It takes the form of an empirical case study which analyses how South Africa integrates domestic health into its foreign policy, using the lens of access to antiretroviral (ARV) medicines. Objective: To explore state and non-state actors’ perceptions regarding how domestic health policy is integrated into foreign policy. The ultimate goal of this study was to achieve better insights into the health and foreign policy processes at the national level. Methods: Employing qualitative approaches, we examined changes in the South African and global AIDS policy environment. Purposive sampling was used to select key informants, a sample of state and non-state actors who participated in in-depth interviews. Secondary data were collected through a systematic literature review of documents retrieved from five electronic databases, including review of key policy documents. Qualitative data were analysed for content. This content was coded, and the codes were collated into tentative categories and sub-categories using Atlas.ti v.7 software. Results: The findings of this work illustrate the interplay among social, political, economic and institutional conditions in determining the success of this integration process. Our study shows that a series of national and external developments, stakeholders, and advocacy efforts and collaboration created these integrative processes. South Africa’s domestic HIV/AIDS constituencies, in partnership with the global advocacy movement, catalysed the mobilization of support for universal access to ARV treatment nationally and globally, and the promotion of access to healthcare as a human right. Conclusions: Transnational networks may influence government’s decision making by providing information and moving issues up the agenda. PMID:28685669

Health impact assessment, human rights and global public policy: a critical appraisal.

PubMed

Scott-Samuel, Alex; O'Keefe, Eileen

2007-03-01

Public policy decisions in both the social and economic spheres have enormous impact on global public health. As a result of this, and of the skewed global distribution of power and resources, health impact assessment (HIA) potentially has a key role to play in foreign policy-making and global public policy-making. Governments, multilateral bodies and transnational corporations need to be held to account for the health impacts of their policies and practices. One route towards achieving this objective involves the inclusion of human rights assessments within HIA. International commitments to human rights instruments and standards can be used as a global auditing tool. Methodological issues may limit the effectiveness of HIA in promoting health equity. These issues include the use of procedures that favour those holding power in the policy process or the use of procedures that fail to apply values of equity and participation. The identification and production of evidence that includes the interests of less powerful groups is a priority for HIA and would be furthered if a human rights-based method of HIA were developed. Because HIA considers all types of policies and examines all potential determinants of health, it can play a part when foreign policy is developed and global decisions are made to treat people as rights holders. Since the human right to health is shaped by the determinants of health, developing links between the right to health assessment (that is, an assessment of the impact of policies on the right to health) and HIA--as recently proposed by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to health--could strengthen the development of foreign policy and global decisions. Such links should be pursued and applied to the development of foreign policy and to the operation of multilateral bodies.

The impact of the State Children's Health Insurance Program's unborn child ruling expansions on foreign-born Latina prenatal care and birth outcomes, 2000-2007.

PubMed

Drewry, Jonathan; Sen, Bisakha; Wingate, Martha; Bronstein, Janet; Foster, E Michael; Kotelchuck, Milton

2015-07-01

The 2002 "unborn child ruling" resulted in State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) expansion for states to cover prenatal care for low-income women without health insurance. Foreign-born Latinas who do not qualify for Medicaid coverage theoretically should have benefited most from the policy ruling given their documented low rates of prenatal care utilization. This study compares prenatal care utilization and subsequent birth outcomes among foreign-born Latinas in six states that used the unborn child ruling to expand coverage to those in ten states that did not implement the expansion. This policy analysis examines cross-sectional pooled US natality data from the pre-enactment years (2000-2003) versus post-enactment years (2004-2007) to estimate the effect of the UCR on prenatal care utilization and birth outcome measures for foreign-born Latinas. Then using a difference-in-difference estimator, we assessed these differences across time for states that did or did not enact the unborn child ruling. Analyses were then replicated on a high-risk subset of the population (single foreign-born Latinas with lower levels of education). The SCHIP unborn child ruling policy expansion increased PNCU over time in the six enacting states. Foreign-born Latinas in expansion enacting states experienced increases in prenatal care utilization though only the high-risk subset were statistically significant. Birth outcomes did not change. The SCHIP unborn child ruling policy was associated with enhanced PNC for a subset of high-risk foreign-born Latinas.

Environmental policies in an international mixed duopoly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Ferreira, Flávio

2009-11-01

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of environmental and trade policies in an international mixed duopoly serving two markets. We suppose that the firm in the home country is a welfare-maximizing public firm, while the firm in the foreign country is its own profit-maximizing private firm. We find that the environmental tax can be a strategic instrument for the home government to distribute production from the foreign private firm to the home public firm. An additional effect of the home environmental tax is the reduction of the foreign private firm's output for local consumption, thereby expanding the foreign market for the home public firm.

76 FR 39885 - Risk-Based Targeting of Foreign Flagged Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... Foreign Flagged Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs) AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of... 11-06, Risk-Based Targeting of Foreign Flagged Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs). This policy... applicable regulations, every foreign-flagged mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) must undergo a Coast Guard...

Foreign Language K-12. Program Evaluation 1991-92.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wadden, Jerry M.

The Des Moines (Iowa) Public Schools foreign language program for K-12 is described and evaluated. The evaluation report focuses on six areas, including: (1) school district mission and philosophy of foreign language instruction; (2) context (state policies and standards, foreign language program overview and enrollment, fiber-optic communication…

12 CFR 347.113 - Restrictions applicable to activities by a foreign organization in the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... foreign organization engages in the United States are incidental to its international or foreign business... representative office. (2) The following activities are incidental to international or foreign business: (i... INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING § 347.113...

In the Shadow of the Cold War: The Caribbean and Central America in U.S. Foreign Policy. Teacher's Resource Book.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malkasian, Mark; Davidson, Louise K.

With the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations in recent years, there is much reason to take a fresh look at U.S. foreign policy. This teacher's resource book is designed to accompany a unit that provides high school students with an opportunity to examine U.S. policy toward the Caribbean and Central America. Composed of four chapters, the first…

Posing Problems Without an Alliance: China-Iran Relations after the Nuclear Deal

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-25

support for a more assertive Iranian foreign policy . Thus, despite the prospects of greater China-Iran economic and diplomatic cooperation, the two...exporting advanced weapons, which could embolden Iran to conduct a more brazen foreign policy that would threaten China’s fundamental need for...partnerships with states such as Pakistan or North Korea.11 A key issue is whether, and how, the nuclear deal may affect China’s policies toward Iran

U.S. Foreign Aid to East and South Asia: Selected Recipients

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-22

foreign policy and national security goals and respond to global development and humanitarian needs through its foreign assistance programs . In the past...national security strategy.1 Within this context, the Bush Administration reoriented U.S. foreign assistance programs : aid to “front line” states...building as major goals of foreign aid. Toward these ends, the new Strategic Framework for U.S. Foreign Assistance divides aid programming among five

Law and Foreign Policy: Problems in Intercultural Communications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bozeman, Adda B.

The values and norms of Western law are not universally accepted as basic values and norms in other cultures. Therefore, the contractual processes of Western law should not be considered the basic foundation for all foreign policy negotiations. In Western cultures, principles of law are differentiated from other values based on religion, ethics,…

26 CFR 46.0-1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Introduction. 46.0-1 Section 46.0-1 Internal... TAX ON POLICIES ISSUED BY FOREIGN INSURERS AND OBLIGATIONS NOT IN REGISTERED FORM Introduction § 46.0-1 Introduction. The regulations in this part 46 relate to the taxes on policies issued by foreign...

Simulations for the Discipline Specific and Professional Education of Foreign Policy Graduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelton, Maryanne; Kingsmill, Verity

2016-01-01

Increasingly universities aim to provide students with opportunities to graduate with skills ready to perform in the workplace. However, workplace-based opportunities for students enrolled in foreign policy subjects are more limited due to the diplomatic and sensitive political nature of the professional work. Thus there exists a need for higher…

The Impact of Foreign Policy on Educational Exchange: The Swedish State Scholarship Programme 1938-1990

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Åkerlund, Andreas

2014-01-01

Programmes of international educational exchange are not only carried out for educational purposes, but form an important part of modern-day public diplomacy. Through exchange programmes education and research are linked with foreign policy interests, which then in turn should affect the international contacts of universities and research…

Teaching English in Primary Schools in Vietnam: An Overview

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoa, Nguyen Thi Mai; Tuan, Nguyen Quoc

2007-01-01

This paper examines the English language situation at primary school level in Vietnam from a language planning perspective. It examines language policy for foreign language teaching in Vietnam to provide a picture of the role of English in foreign language education. It analyses language-in-education policy, curriculum and teaching materials, and…

Managing Relative Decline: An Analysis of Foreign Policy Alternatives for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-17

ineffective and exorbitantly expensive.39 Americans are more likely to be killed by a plethora of domestic threats (police, car accidents, and poverty ...decades with no sign of correction. It is unrealistic to expect that foreign policy will ever be divorced from domestic politics; thus, if not

The Use of Tactical Airlift as a Tool of Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

needing the aid did not match our definition of human rights, they advocated terrorism , or one of several other foreign policy factors. In the Western...and Guyana in Latin America. Famine relief to Mauritania, Chad, and Mali in 1973 and 1974 probably displays our best attempt to stop comunism before

The Great Game redux: Energy security and the emergence of tripolarity in Eurasia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ozdamar, Ibrahim Ozgur

Securing energy resources has become a key aspect of foreign policy-making since the 1970s. States have used military and economic foreign policy tools to secure the supply of energy to their domestic markets. With the fall of the USSR in 1991, political and economic competition for penetration into energy-rich regions spread through Eurasia. Inspired from the nineteenth century term to describe Russian-British rivalry in the region, the current rivalry among great powers and their allies is called the "New Great Game". This project analyzes three political conflicts that are shaped by such rivalry that can threaten global energy security. Empirical results from the expected utility model (Bueno de Mesquita 1985) suggest the rivalry among the Western (i.e. EU, US) and Eastern (i.e. Russia, China) powers about the Iranian nuclear program, Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia conflicts is likely to continue and shows some Cold War characteristics. I have also found out the expected outcomes of these conflicts and foreign policy tools and obvious and unseen strategic moves available to actors. The major conclusion of the study is that the EU and US should pursue a coordinated foreign policy and balance the Russian and Chinese influence in the region to secure access to energy resources. Most effective foreign policy tools to achieve such aim appear to be the use of economic relations as leverage against Russia and China and support economic and democratic developments of the newly established republics in Eurasia.

Environmental Regulation, Foreign Direct Investment and Green Technological Progress-Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industries.

PubMed

Hu, Jiangfeng; Wang, Zhao; Lian, Yuehan; Huang, Qinghua

2018-01-29

This study examines the spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on green technology progress rate (as measured by the green total factor productivity). The analysis utilizes two measures of FDI, labor-based FDI and capital-based FDI, and separately investigates four sets of industry classifications-high/low discharge regulation and high/low emission standard regulation. The results indicate that in the low discharge regulation and low emission standard regulation industry, labor-based FDI has a significant negative spillover effect, and capital-based FDI has a significant positive spillover effect. However, in the high-intensity environmental regulation industry, the negative influence of labor-based FDI is completely restrained, and capital-based FDI continues to play a significant positive green technological spillover effects. These findings have clear policy implications: the government should be gradually reducing the labor-based FDI inflow or increasing stringency of environmental regulation in order to reduce or eliminate the negative spillover effect of the labor-based FDI.

Environmental Regulation, Foreign Direct Investment and Green Technological Progress—Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industries

PubMed Central

Hu, Jiangfeng; Wang, Zhao; Lian, Yuehan; Huang, Qinghua

2018-01-01

This study examines the spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on green technology progress rate (as measured by the green total factor productivity). The analysis utilizes two measures of FDI, labor-based FDI and capital-based FDI, and separately investigates four sets of industry classifications—high/low discharge regulation and high/low emission standard regulation. The results indicate that in the low discharge regulation and low emission standard regulation industry, labor-based FDI has a significant negative spillover effect, and capital-based FDI has a significant positive spillover effect. However, in the high-intensity environmental regulation industry, the negative influence of labor-based FDI is completely restrained, and capital-based FDI continues to play a significant positive green technological spillover effects. These findings have clear policy implications: the government should be gradually reducing the labor-based FDI inflow or increasing stringency of environmental regulation in order to reduce or eliminate the negative spillover effect of the labor-based FDI. PMID:29382112

The globalization of technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reid, P.P.

1991-01-01

The past two decades have seen dramatic change in the distribution and organization of corporate technical activities worldwide. Japan's rapid ascent to the status of technological superpower, the steady rise in technical strength of Europe's leading economies, and the rapid growth in technical competence of an expanding group of newly industrialized nations have put an end to the era of U.S. technological supremacy. Meanwhile, a rapid expansion of private foreign direct investment and a proliferation of international corporate alliances have increased the economic and technological interdependence of industrialized nations. As a result of these changes, the process of technology development,more » application, and diffusion in a growing number of industries has become increasingly globalized. The following figures document this trend, which will have far-reaching implications for U.S. business practices and federal competitiveness policies. The diagrams address R and D personnel per 10,000 labor force, nondefense R and D spending, high-technology exports, investments in other countries, foreign investment in the United States, and transnational alliances.« less

Prevalence and Trends in Morbidity and Disability Among Older Mexican Americans in the Southwestern United States, 1993–2013

PubMed Central

Garcia, Marc A.; Reyes, Adriana M.

2017-01-01

This study examines the prevalence of morbidity and disability among older Mexican Americans using 5-year age groups. Twenty-year panel data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly are used to make detailed comparisons by nativity and gender. Results show that prevalence rates for most chronic conditions for both males and females do not vary by nativity. For disabilities, nativity is a significant predictor of increased instrumental activity of daily living disability for foreign-born females and reduced activity of daily living disability for U.S.-born males. Additionally, results show significant interactions between nativity and age cohorts, with the gap increasing with age for males and decreasing with age for females. These results have important implications for health services and health policy. Given the rapid aging of the Mexican American population, the prevention and treatment of medical conditions, particularly among the foreign-born, should be a major public health priority to reduce dependence from disabilities. PMID:29298598

Foreign Languages for Business in the Secondary School Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grosse, Christine Uber

A survey of the 20 most populous states concerning their secondary school provision of foreign languages for business is reported. State foreign language supervisors were interviewed for information on state policy or planning for the inclusion of foreign language for business or applied language studies, for information about specific programs or…

The Role of Ideology in Soviet Foreign Policy: The World Correlation of Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-13

the exclusive guide for Soviet foreign policy, just as it would be to claim that Marxism -Leninism plays no part in establishing that policy. By...reflects the wholly different belief system regarding the nature of man and society that is modern Soviet Marxism -Leninism. It brings into focus...which colors any Soviet discussion of world affairs. By briefly examining some of the precepts of Marxism , the essence of that world view will

Emerging DoD Role in the Interagency Counter Threat Finance Mission

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-14

Policy magazine article entitled “ Follow the Money ,” by Stuart Levey and Christy Clark, suggests that the FATF should branch out beyond establishing...February 2008), 2. 23 Ibid. 24 Stuart Levey and Christy Clark, “ Follow the Money ,” Foreign Policy online, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/3...PA, November 29, 2011. 28 Stuart Levey and Christy Clark, “ Follow the Money ,” Foreign Policy online, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/3

Challenges to the New Republic: Prelude to the War of 1812. Public Policy Debate in the Classroom. Choices for the 21st Century Education Project. [Student Guidebook and] Teacher's Resource Book.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kampmeier, Scott

This 4-day curriculum unit explores U.S. foreign policy between 1787 and 1812. During this time the United States faced a series of foreign policy challenges that threatened its survival as an independent, constitutional republic. Between 1793 and 1815, a nearly continuous series of wars pitting the French against the British engulfed the European…

The Utilization of the Behavioral Sciences in Long Range Forecasting and Policy Planning Volume I. Appendices

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-08-01

foreign policy dynamics, the structure of a theory cannot in {.eneral be derived from statistical analysis of time series data ( Brunner (1071), Thorson...and where such scientific knowledge la applicable. Recent attention in theory and research on the bureaucratic, handling of foreign policy...process. Some of ^.z element» of thase concerns can be made explicit if we introduce modern systems theories which seek to treat organizations as

The Effect of Economic Interdependence on Foreign Relations: Implications for Linkage Diplomacy

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

each member of a dyad, nAB and nBA , or the dyadic interaction eZasticity, n., is proportional to the change 1 in intensity that is attributable to...these few successes were soon reversed as a result of Congressional dis- pleasure with Soviet domestic policies. As a case in point, he cites the...3.18) flT t ex I ( i,t nAB + i,t) nBA ’ or (3.19) I’n ex In. t’ where t 1, (3.20) n. t i,t + i,t 1, nAB nBA . (3.21) n. t is then the

[Immigration in the countries of the Gulf: some specific aspects].

PubMed

Labib, A

1987-06-01

"This essay analyses some aspects of the in-migration flows to the Gulf countries, coming from other Arab countries as well as developing nations. Since the 80's, the Gulf countries have endorsed a restrictive policy concerning manpower import, even though they still need foreign workers. The Gulf countries pursue this policy as they fear that the presence of millions of foreign labourers will create social tension. The situation of the foreign labour force is uncertain and is bound to the role of the middleman, the local kafil, and that of the recruiting agencies. Rotation of foreign workers is very high. It has reached the 10 million mark in ten years." (SUMMARY IN ENG) excerpt

Does economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental quality? A comparative analysis of EU and MEA countries.

PubMed

Abid, Mehdi

2017-03-01

The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) with a sample of 58 MEA (Middle East & African) and 41 EU (European Union) countries for the period 1990 to 2011. The empirical analysis is carried out using the GMM-system method to solve the problem of endogenous variables. We focused on direct and indirect effects of institutional quality (through the efficiency of public expenditure, financial development, trade openness and foreign direct investment) and the income-emission relationship. We found a monotonically increasing relationship between CO 2 emissions and GDP in both MEA and EU regions. The policy implication is clear: in order to have sustainable positive economic performance and to reduce carbon dioxide emission in the country at the same time, policy makers should regulate and enhance the role and efficiency of domestic institutions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Issues and Innovations in Foreign Language Education. Fastback 222.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benevento, Jacqueline

Studies indicate that American students have an inadequate understanding of world affairs, with implications for United States national security, business interests in foreign markets, and education in general, and specific recommendations have been made for the improvement of foreign language instruction. Foreign language education in the 1980s…

Hybrid Power: Mobility Air Forces and Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-21

Mast Publications, 1949), 16. 111 Halvorsen, 106. 112 Ibid, 113. 113 Pamela Feltus , United States Centennial of Flight Commission, ―The Berlin...122 Feltus , http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Air_Power/berlin_airlift/AP35.htm... Feltus . 39 SECTION THREE: FOREIGN POLICY, DOCTRINE & CURRENT OPERATIONS We have learned and must not forget that from now on air transport is

Investing in Education: Pakistan as a Traditional Society in a Modern World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nauman, Sarwat

2015-01-01

Developing countries have seen a direct influence of foreign players on their educational policies. This influence of foreign players on the Pakistani educational policy has been direct and prominent after 9/11 attacks. This paper looks into the effectiveness of money spent by the donor nations to malign the effect of Islamization in the Pakistani…

In Search of Consensus: Role Versus Belief Systems in Bureaucratic Bargaining. An American Foreign Policy Simulation (AFPS).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hobbs, Heidi H.; Moreno, Dario V.

Reported are results from two runs of the simulation "Bureaucratic Bargaining," developed to help students understand the inherent tension between roles and belief systems in American foreign policy decision making. To determine their belief systems, 165 students enrolled in an introductory international relations course were tested with…

Teaching English in English, "In Principle": The National Foreign Language Curriculum for Japanese Senior High Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glasgow, Gregory Paul

2014-01-01

Research in language-in-education policy and planning (LEP) rarely examines how language teachers negotiate official policy statements on teaching methodologies. In this study, I investigate the current upper secondary school foreign language national curriculum in Japan that requires English classes to be conducted in English, implemented since…

Great Decisions 1989. Foreign Policy Issues Facing the Nation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.

This briefing book provides the only material needed to participate in the 1989 Great Decisions national non-partisan program of volunteer run discussions on U.S. foreign policy issues for classrooms and community groups. Everyone who participates in the program is invited to fill out the opinion ballots provided in the back of the book; the…

Asserting National Sovereignty in Cyberspace: The Case for Internet Border Inspection

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

Influencing Foreign Policy. in Internet and International Systems: Information Technology and American Foreign Policy Decisionmaking Workshop. 1999...investigative Agencies that investigate violations of federal law IO Information Operations, military operations in information realm IP Internet ...Protocol, a specific format for Internet packet headers IW Information Warfare, part of information operations NCP Network Control Protocol NSA

Post-Cold War American Foreign Policy: What, When, and Why

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

issues than international concerns. Something Condoleezza Rice firmly advocated for in a Foreign Affairs opinion piece written for the 2000 Republican... issues . Rice also called for establishing acceptable international 16 Max Boot, ―The...the future. Legitimate policies typically are ones not challenged either legally or morally by significant numbers of actors throughout the

26 CFR 46.4371-2 - Imposition of tax on policies issued by foreign insurers; scope of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... indemnity, fidelity, or surety bond is made, continued, or renewed, if issued: (1) By a nonresident alien... section 4372(c). (b) Life insurance, sickness, and accident policies, and annuity contracts. Unless the... contract is made, continued, or renewed, if issued: (1) By a nonresident alien individual, a foreign...

26 CFR 46.4371-2 - Imposition of tax on policies issued by foreign insurers; scope of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... indemnity, fidelity, or surety bond is made, continued, or renewed, if issued: (1) By a nonresident alien... section 4372(c). (b) Life insurance, sickness, and accident policies, and annuity contracts. Unless the... contract is made, continued, or renewed, if issued: (1) By a nonresident alien individual, a foreign...

26 CFR 46.4371-2 - Imposition of tax on policies issued by foreign insurers; scope of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... indemnity, fidelity, or surety bond is made, continued, or renewed, if issued: (1) By a nonresident alien... section 4372(c). (b) Life insurance, sickness, and accident policies, and annuity contracts. Unless the... contract is made, continued, or renewed, if issued: (1) By a nonresident alien individual, a foreign...

Teaching the Long War and Jihadism. Footnotes. Volume 14, Number 25

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Habeck, Mary

2009-01-01

This essay is based from the author's presentation at "U.S. Foreign Policy and the Modern Middle East", a Summer Institute for Teachers sponsored by The American Institute for History Education and The Wachman Center of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, held June 25-27, 2009, in Philadelphia. This presentation addresses ways to…

A Citizen's Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy: Election '88. Nonpartisan Briefs on 18 Key Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy, Ed.; And Others

In order to make informed voting decisions citizens need background information on complex foreign policy issues facing the United States. This guide presents current issues and provides information to help citizens cast a thoughtful vote. The guide is divided into six main headings: Leadership; Security; Economic and Social Issues; Critical…

Foreign Policy News in the 1980 Presidential Election Campaign.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stovall, James Glen

A survey was conducted to determine the extent and content of newspaper coverage of foreign policy issues in the 1980 United States presidential campaign. Fifty daily newspapers from every region of the country were selected randomly based on circulation. A list of 757 news events was divided into party and nonparty events, and the party events…

Morality and Foreign Policy. A Symposium on President Carter's Stance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lefever, Ernest W., Ed.

This monograph contains a critical examination of President Carter's view on ethics and foreign policy as expressed in his commencement speech at Notre Dame University on May 22, 1977. The book is organized into three parts. Part 1 contains Mr. Carter's speech entitled, "Power for Humane Purposes." Part 2 contains nine responses to the…

Foreign Policy & Morality: Framework for a Moral Audit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hesburgh, Theodore M.; Halle, Louis J.

Two papers and several commentaries discuss a viable moral framework for foreign policy. It is hoped that the thought of some of the world's major thinkers can provide at least the foundations for a more enduring approach to the issues of political morality. The two main papers are by Father Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C., president of the…

The Cuban Missile Crisis: Considering Its Place in Cold War History. Teacher's Resource Book [and Student Text]. Public Policy Debate in the Classroom. Choices for the 21st Century Education Project. 4th Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soukup, Nancy, Ed.

Like no other region on the globe, the Caribbean Basin has served as a testing ground for U.S. foreign policy. Of all the countries in the region, Cuba has been the scene of many of the United States' most riveting foreign policy dramas. The teacher resource book and student text probe the complex, often troubled, relationship between the United…

The Role of Shevardnadze and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Making of Soviet Defense and Arms Control Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

changes either in the MFA or in Soviet foreign and defense policy. This situation began to change in May 1986, when Gorbachev gave an unusual speech to the...MFA in which he demanded better performance from Soviet diplomats. Although it was later reported that Gorbachev’s speech contained strong criticism...July 1988 with a sweeping critique of Soviet strategy and ,military policy since World War II. Subsequent speeches and articles in MFA-controlled

Problems of Federal Language Management and Federal Translation Contracting: A Status Report for 1974

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Relac, Richard S.

1974-01-01

This issue is devoted to a study of the utilization of foreign information and the translation of foreign information and the translation of foreign publications by the United States Government. It discusses the policies and procedures of various Federal agencies with respect to the translation of foreign information, and their effect on the…

22 CFR 126.6 - Foreign-owned military aircraft and naval vessels, and the Foreign Military Sales program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS GENERAL POLICIES AND PROVISIONS § 126.6 Foreign-owned military... pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and (2) The... the Arms Export Control Act pursuant to an Letter of Offer and Acceptance (LOA) authorizing such...

Foreign Students and Internationalization of Higher Education. Proceedings of OECD/Japan Seminar on Higher Education and the Flow of Foreign Students (Hiroshima, Japan, November 8-10, 1988).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ebuchi, Kazuhiro, Ed.

This volume reports on a seminar structured around three themes: institutional policies toward the flow of foreign students in member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); specific measures and programs for foreign students; and social and cultural adjustment by foreign students. The volume contains seminar…

15 CFR 273.2 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definition. 273.2 Section 273.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE METRIC CONVERSION POLICY FOR FEDERAL AGENCIES METRIC...

Cross Cultural Competence in International Business Environments: Implications for Foreign Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doyle, Raymond H.

Cross-cultural competence is a recent movement with important implications for foreign language teaching, schools of business and economics, and firms engaged in either international or national commerce. Until now, it has not been adequately addressed. Higher education must investigate strategies for more effective integration of culture into the…

Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horwitz, Elaine K.; And Others

1986-01-01

Identifies foreign language anxiety as a conceptually distinct variable in foreign language learning and interprets it with the context of existing theoretical and empirical work on specific anxiety reactions. Discusses the effects of this anxiety on language learning and its pedagogical implications. (SED)

Keeping the Peace in an Age of Conflict: Debating the U.S. Role. Choices for the 21st Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lhowe, Mary, Ed.

This document presents a particularly challenging unit that thrusts students into the new foreign policy frontier that has developed since the end of the Cold War. The unit contains background reading and foreign policy options. The first part of the background reading introduces students to the institutions and conceptual framework of the…

Alternatives to the Peace Corps: A Directory of Third World & U.S. Volunteer Opportunities. Sixth Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olson, Annette, Ed.

Some returned Peace Corps volunteers believe that U.S. foreign policy has been more damaging than helpful in the Third World. They question the links between U.S. foreign and military policy and the Peace Corps. This book addresses such questions and brings together resources and information that will help the prospective volunteer find an…

Understanding Soviet Foreign Policy. The Tradition of Change in Soviet Foreign Policy. Two Schools of Soviet Diplomacy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

the works of Victor Hugo, :he Russian classics, and the works of other writers. Isaac Deutscher, Stalin: A Political Biography, New York, Oxford... panache and the scope of the gesture further rein- force the Soviet leader’s ascension and his auctoritas. It vastly adds to the feeling of confidence which

"The CNN Effect:" TV & Foreign Policy. Study Guide. Episode #834. America's Defense Monitor, Educational TV for the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, B. T.

This program examines the current acceleration of the decision-making cycle in the conduct of foreign policy due to the instantaneous reporting of events, called "The CNN Effect." The sometimes paradoxical consequences of global media coverage are noted, along with the examination of the medium of television itself, and its shortcomings…

3 CFR - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions of the Government of Syria

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. As a result... of May 1, 2012. The President took these actions to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States constituted by the actions of...

DOD/COCOM Water Security Program Strategy Document

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-22

in alignment with USG foreign policy objectives? The following discussion and appendices provide a framework to facilitate this process for DOD...USG foreign policy objectives? The following discussion and appendices provide a framework to facilitate this process for DOD. DOD/COCOM Water...technology, etc. Because water resources often cross political boundaries on a regional scale, focusing water scarcity initiatives on this level

American Foreign Policy: Regional Perspectives

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-15

than in Mexico—and in greater danger of being over- whelmed by criminal activity. Their reliance on U.S. trade, investment, tourism , and remittances...U.S. FOREIGN POLICY AMBASSADOR (RET.) DAVID C. LITT Broadly speaking, American diplomacy and efforts to support good gover - nance, transparency, and...beyond raw materials, more- over. Some eight hundred Chinese companies now operate in Africa in agricul- ture, telecommunications, health, tourism

"New York Times" Editorial Position and the U.S. Foreign Policy: The Case of Iran.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malek, Abbas

A study examined the similarity or dissimilarity between the "New York Times'" editorial position on Iran and Iranian affairs and the official United States foreign policy towards Iran as reflected in the "Department of State Bulletin" for the period of 1968-1981. Each piece was categorized by major category and sub-category by…

Access Denied: Future Military Operations in an Anti-Access Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-04

Naval War College 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME( S ...Haddick, “This Week at War: Gates‟ s China Syndrome ,” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/07...accessed 23 February 2011). Haddick, Robert. “This Week at War: Gates‟ s China Syndrome .” Foreign Policy. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011

15 CFR 2004.5 - Accessing records without request.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accessing records without request. 2004.5 Section 2004.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES...

15 CFR 2004.3 - Organization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Organization. 2004.3 Section 2004.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Organization § 2004.3 Organization...

15 CFR 1170.2 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definition. 1170.2 Section 1170.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE METRIC CONVERSION POLICY FOR FEDERAL AGENCIES § 1170.2 Definition. Metric...

The Role of Social Work for Foreign Residents in an Epidemic: The MERS Crisis in the Republic of Korea.

PubMed

Park, Hong-Jae; Lee, Bong Joo

2016-01-01

This article explores the experiences of foreign residents during the period of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in (South) Korea and discusses from a social work perspective the implications of their experiences and their needs. Data were obtained from interviews with 22 foreigners who either live and work or study in Korea. The data were then interpreted using a thematic analysis approach in a multilingual research context. The findings from the study show that foreign residents experienced a wide range of social and psychoemotional difficulties during the MERS health threat. Implications for social work practice in an epidemic emergency are presented.

The Effects of New Jersey's K-8 Foreign Language Authorization on K-5 Foreign Language Teaching: Two Teachers' Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raymond, Robert B. L.

2012-01-01

Recent research in language education policy (LEP) refocuses attention from the role of governments to local stakeholders that shape LEP. However, little attention has been given to teacher agency in LEP implementation for early foreign language (FL) education in the United States. This pilot study considers the role of foreign language elementary…

Recruitment Dynamic of Foreign Students into United States Postsecondary Institutions: The Implications for Education and International Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ubadigbo, Fidelis Njide

The enrollment of foreign students in U.S. postsecondary educational institutions has far reaching implications for world education and international development. An analysis of enrollment data, however, indicates a wide variation in enrollment by region and country. In 1992-93, approximately 59% of the 439,000 international students enrolled in…

12 CFR 347.119 - Specific consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... foreign branch. (b) World Heritage site. A foreign branch of a bank would be located on a site on the World Heritage List or on the foreign country's equivalent of the National Register of Historic Places... and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY...

12 CFR 347.119 - Specific consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... foreign branch. (b) World Heritage site. A foreign branch of a bank would be located on a site on the World Heritage List or on the foreign country's equivalent of the National Register of Historic Places... and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY...

12 CFR 347.119 - Specific consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... foreign branch. (b) World Heritage site. A foreign branch of a bank would be located on a site on the World Heritage List or on the foreign country's equivalent of the National Register of Historic Places... and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY...

12 CFR 347.119 - Specific consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... foreign branch. (b) World Heritage site. A foreign branch of a bank would be located on a site on the World Heritage List or on the foreign country's equivalent of the National Register of Historic Places... and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY...

22 CFR 128.6 - Discovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Discovery. 128.6 Section 128.6 Foreign... Discovery. (a) Discovery by the respondent. The respondent, through the Administrative Law Judge, may... discovery if the interests of national security or foreign policy so require, or if necessary to comply with...

22 CFR 128.6 - Discovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Discovery. 128.6 Section 128.6 Foreign... Discovery. (a) Discovery by the respondent. The respondent, through the Administrative Law Judge, may... discovery if the interests of national security or foreign policy so require, or if necessary to comply with...

22 CFR 128.6 - Discovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Discovery. 128.6 Section 128.6 Foreign... Discovery. (a) Discovery by the respondent. The respondent, through the Administrative Law Judge, may... discovery if the interests of national security or foreign policy so require, or if necessary to comply with...

22 CFR 128.6 - Discovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Discovery. 128.6 Section 128.6 Foreign... Discovery. (a) Discovery by the respondent. The respondent, through the Administrative Law Judge, may... discovery if the interests of national security or foreign policy so require, or if necessary to comply with...

22 CFR 128.6 - Discovery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Discovery. 128.6 Section 128.6 Foreign... Discovery. (a) Discovery by the respondent. The respondent, through the Administrative Law Judge, may... discovery if the interests of national security or foreign policy so require, or if necessary to comply with...

Polish Foreign Policy Under a Non-Communist Government: Prospects and Problems

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

Geremek, La Vanguardia , July 5, 1989 (translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, East Europe [FBIS-EEU], No. 137, July 19...Foreign Minister Krzysztof Skubiszewski has also stressed the far-off nature of Polish neutrality. See the interview with Skubiszewski in La Vanguardia

BRACEROS, MEXICO, AND FOREIGN TRADE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1966

CRITICISM OF GOVERNMENTAL POLICY RESTRICTING USE OF FOREIGN CONTRACT WORKERS ON AMERICAN FARMS IN 1965 EXPRESSES THREE POSSIBILITIES -- (1) A SEVERE DISRUPTION OF DOMESTIC FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION, (2) AN INCREASE OF AMERICAN INVESTMENT IN FOREIGN, PARTICULARLY MEXICAN, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AND (3) A LOSS OF UNITED STATES EXPORT MARKET…

Unanswered Questions in Colombia's Foreign Language Education Policy (Preguntas por responder en la política educativa de lenguas extranjeras en Colombia)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bonilla Carvajal, Camilo Andrés; Tejada-Sánchez, Isabel

2016-01-01

Following the trend of much of the Western, non-English speaking world, Colombia has tirelessly strived for spreading English education in an effort to augment economic benefits. This paper aims at providing a critical account of foreign language education policy in Colombia, with special attention to English. It outlines the impact of its…

China’s Economic Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-20

occurred during the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis when it offered financial assistance to Thailand and pledged not to devalue its currency even though...combination of large trade surpluses, foreign direct investment flows, and large-scale purchases of foreign currency have helped make China the world’s largest...Trade Organization (WTO) commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency policy

Understanding the cost bases of Space Shuttle pricing policies for commercial and foreign customers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, Barbara A.

1984-01-01

The principles and underlying cost bases of the 1977 and 1982 Space Shuttle Reimbursement Policies are compared and contrasted. Out-of-pocket cost recovery has been chosen as the base of the price for the 1986-1988 time period. With this cost base, it is NASA's intent to recover the total cost of consumables and the launch and flight operations costs added by commercial and foreign customers over the 1986-1988 time period. Beyond 1988, NASA intends to return to its policy of full cost recovery.

Uneven dietary development: linking the policies and processes of globalization with the nutrition transition, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases

PubMed Central

Hawkes, Corinna

2006-01-01

In a "nutrition transition", the consumption of foods high in fats and sweeteners is increasing throughout the developing world. The transition, implicated in the rapid rise of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases worldwide, is rooted in the processes of globalization. Globalization affects the nature of agri-food systems, thereby altering the quantity, type, cost and desirability of foods available for consumption. Understanding the links between globalization and the nutrition transition is therefore necessary to help policy makers develop policies, including food policies, for addressing the global burden of chronic disease. While the subject has been much discussed, tracing the specific pathways between globalization and dietary change remains a challenge. To help address this challenge, this paper explores how one of the central mechanisms of globalization, the integration of the global marketplace, is affecting the specific diet patterns. Focusing on middle-income countries, it highlights the importance of three major processes of market integration: (I) production and trade of agricultural goods; (II) foreign direct investment in food processing and retailing; and (III) global food advertising and promotion. The paper reveals how specific policies implemented to advance the globalization agenda account in part for some recent trends in the global diet. Agricultural production and trade policies have enabled more vegetable oil consumption; policies on foreign direct investment have facilitated higher consumption of highly-processed foods, as has global food marketing. These dietary outcomes also reflect the socioeconomic and cultural context in which these policies are operating. An important finding is that the dynamic, competitive forces unleashed as a result of global market integration facilitates not only convergence in consumption habits (as is commonly assumed in the "Coca-Colonization" hypothesis), but adaptation to products targeted at different niche markets. This convergence-divergence duality raises the policy concern that globalization will exacerbate uneven dietary development between rich and poor. As high-income groups in developing countries accrue the benefits of a more dynamic marketplace, lower-income groups may well experience convergence towards poor quality obseogenic diets, as observed in western countries. Global economic polices concerning agriculture, trade, investment and marketing affect what the world eats. They are therefore also global food and health policies. Health policy makers should pay greater attention to these policies in order to address some of the structural causes of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases worldwide, especially among the groups of low socioeconomic status. PMID:16569239

15 CFR 2004.2 - Authority and functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... international trade and direct investment policy, advise and assist the President, represent the United States... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority and functions. 2004.2 Section 2004.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE...

Egypt between the Superpowers: Continuity or Change in Egyptian Foreign Policy under Mubarak.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

supposedly held with Vasiliy Kuznetsov , first deputy chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet. Subsequently, Anatoliy Gromyko, son of the Soviet foreign...in its diplo- matic relations with the Soviet Union. Oleg Grinevskiy, chief of the Near Eastern department at the Soviet Foreign ministry, arrived in

22 CFR 1427.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... seeking the issuance of general statements of policy or guidance under 22 U.S.C. 4107(c)(2)(F). ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Scope. 1427.1 Section 1427.1 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD; FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY; GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE FEDERAL...

22 CFR 1427.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... seeking the issuance of general statements of policy or guidance under 22 U.S.C. 4107(c)(2)(F). ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Scope. 1427.1 Section 1427.1 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD; FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY; GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE FEDERAL...

22 CFR 1427.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... seeking the issuance of general statements of policy or guidance under 22 U.S.C. 4107(c)(2)(F). ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Scope. 1427.1 Section 1427.1 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD; FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY; GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE FEDERAL...

22 CFR 1427.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... seeking the issuance of general statements of policy or guidance under 22 U.S.C. 4107(c)(2)(F). ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Scope. 1427.1 Section 1427.1 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD; FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY; GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE FEDERAL...

22 CFR 1427.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... seeking the issuance of general statements of policy or guidance under 22 U.S.C. 4107(c)(2)(F). ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true Scope. 1427.1 Section 1427.1 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD; FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY; GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE FEDERAL...

12 CFR 347.213 - Establishment or operation of noninsured foreign branch.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Establishment or operation of noninsured foreign branch. 347.213 Section 347.213 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING Foreign Banks § 347.213 Establishment or...

76 FR 33997 - Requirements for Taxpayers Filing Form 5472

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-10

... Services and Enforcement. Emily S. McMahon, Acting Assistant Secretary for the Treasury (Tax Policy). [FR... requirement for Form 5472, ``Information Return of a 25% Foreign-Owned U.S. Corporation or a Foreign Corporation Engaged in a U.S. Trade or Business.'' The temporary regulations affect certain 25-percent foreign...

Under Secretary of Defense for Policy > OUSDP Offices > ASD for

Science.gov Websites

cooperation programs and foreign military sales programs in these regions. Responsibilities and Functions The defense establishments; and for oversight of security cooperation programs and foreign military sales all foreign governments in assigned areas of responsibility. Develop regional security and defense

U.S. Pacific Command > Resources > Travel Requirements

Science.gov Websites

* Philippines Liberty Policy - (8 July 2016) 1. Review DOD Foreign Clearance Manual (Guide) for specific . For travel to any foreign country in the USPACOM AOR, receive an AOR Location Specific Brief. For foreign travel. Traveler Accountability & Alerting 8. (If applicable) For Theater Security Cooperation

[International trade in health services and the medical industrial complex: implications for national health systems].

PubMed

Santos, Maria Angelica Borges dos; Passos, Sonia Regina Lambert

2010-08-01

Health services have increasingly proven to be an innovative sector, gaining prominence in the medical industrial complex through expansion to public and international markets. International trade can foster economic development and redirect the resources and infrastructure available for healthcare in different countries in favorable or unfavorable directions. Wherever private providers play a significant role in government-funded healthcare, GATS commitments may restrict health policy options in subscribing countries. Systematic information on the impacts of electronic health services, medical tourism, health workers' migration, and foreign direct investment is needed on a case-by-case basis to build evidence for informed decision-making, so as to maximize opportunities and minimize risks of GATS commitments.

The Value of "Experience" and the labour market entry of new immigrants to Canada.

PubMed

Hall, Peter V; Sadouzai, Tulin

2010-01-01

We use data from three waves of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada to compare how pre-immigration experience in hi-tech and regulated occupations affects employment outcomes. While differences do decline over time, those with experience in an unregulated hi-tech occupation are more likely to be employed sooner in a matching and/or full time job. Immigrants with hi-tech occupational experience are more likely to have their foreign experience accepted, possibly due to the transferability of these skills and the absence of institutional barriers. These findings indicate important sectoral, regulatory, and institutional differences in the treatment of pre-immigration experience, with policy implications.

The Federal Energy Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Novick, Sheldon

1976-01-01

There is no federal energy policy. There is a fuel use policy of sorts, but that policy is related as much to foreign policy as to domestic needs, with the United States public paying the large bill. Neither presidential candidate has yet offered a plan for a coherent energy policy. (Editor/BT)

[Selective internationalization: foreign workers and Japanese society].

PubMed

Ito, R

1990-01-01

Japan's December 1989 revision of the law on immigration and recognition of refugees was intended to provide greater felxibility for employment of foreigners with specialized skills or professional qualifications while excluding migrant workers. This policy, referred to as selective internationalization by the author, represents an effort by the government to early 1980s and to changes in the Japanese economy which after decades of rapid growth is entering a new phase of diversification. The ideal of national homogeneity has prevented formulation of any coherent policy of integrating Japan's foreign born population, mostly descendents of laborers from Japan's former colonies. In 1988, Japan's 677,000 Korean residents constituted 72% of the foreign population registered in Japan. As of 1988, some 40,000 foreigners were registered as residents and permitted to work in any of several well-defined areas. The number, while small, is growing. Illegal migrants are defined essentially as foreigners exercising economic activities not authorized by their visas. The number of such workers is notoriously difficult to estimate, but the number of expulsions for labor violations increased by 4700 in 1989 to 22,600, suggesting that the problem is growing. The Ministry of Justice estimated the number of foreigners in irregular situations at 70,000 in 1988, and it has probably reached 120,000 at present. The number of foreign workers, authorized or not, is estimated at 150-160,000 or .3% of the active population. The 1989 revision of the immigration law does not constitute a foreign labor policy, but it does clearly signal the end of complete protectionism vis a vis the labor market which characterized Japan's period of rapid growth. Internationalization of the labor market reflects 2 concerns, provision of highly qualified employees to enable large enterprises to adapt more readily to changing international conditions, and continued control over the foreign labor supply of small and medium sized enterprises in search of inexpensive unskilled labor. The trend in Japanese society has become less egalitarian in recent years than it was in the years of rapid growth. Changes in mid-career, contractual employment, and other diversified practices are encroaching on the model of lifetime employment by and loyalty to a single enterprise. Introduction of foreign workers will be 1 more factor contributing to diversification. The new policy of selective internationalization will have some impact on the status of the existing Korean and Chinese communities in Japan, but by itself it does little to end social, economic, and legal discrimination against members of these groups.

The Role of the United States in a Changing World. A Curriculum Unit on Foreign Policy Choices.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown Univ., Providence, RI. Center for Foreign Policy Development.

This 3- to 5-day currriculum unit for secondary students centers around four possible directions for U.S. foreign policy during the 1990s. Designed as a culminating exercise at the end of the year or as an introductory activity to open the semester, this unit, and the possible futures it presents, should be thought of as a vehicle for guiding…

Hierarchy and Community at Home and Abroad: Evidence of a Common Structure of Domestic and Foreign Policy Beliefs in American Elites

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rathbun, Brian C.

2007-01-01

Although there is increasing evidence of a relationship between domestic and foreign policy attitudes among American elites, we have less of an idea about why these sets of attitudes cohere. The answer lies in a better understanding of what we mean when we talk about "left" and "right" or "liberal" and "conservative." Drawing on the literature on…

Strategy for Peace 1984. The Stanley Foundation US Foreign Policy Conference Report (25th, Annapolis, Maryland, October 11-13, 1984).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, IA.

Proceedings are summarized of a conference in which 62 foreign policy professionals met to recommend strategies for peace in the areas of U.S.-Soviet competition in the Third World, space weapons and arms control, objectives of U.S. economic and security assistance, and the United States and UNESCO. Four sections focusing on each of these areas…

Iran’s Foreign and Defense Policies

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-06

terrorism to intimidate or retaliate against Israel or other regional opponents of Iran. Iran’s armed support to Shiite-dominated allied governments ...3 Khamene’i: “U.S. Would Overthrow Iranian Government If It Could—Media.” Reuters, February 8, 2014. 4 Erik Slavin. “Iran Emphasizes Nuclear...foreign policy, Iran provides arms, training, and military advisers in support of allied governments as well as armed factions. Iran supports groups

Building Civilian Interagency Capacity for Missions Abroad: Key Proposals and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-23

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) The Library of Congress ,Congressional Research Service,101 Independence...Ave, SE,Washington,DC,20540 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S...the past two decades, prominent foreign policy organizations and foreign policy experts have perceived serious deficiencies in the authorities

Health profiles of foreigners attending primary care clinics in Malaysia.

PubMed

Ab Rahman, Norazida; Sivasampu, Sheamini; Mohamad Noh, Kamaliah; Khoo, Ee Ming

2016-06-14

The world population has become more globalised with increasing number of people residing in another country for work or other reasons. Little is known about the health profiles of foreign population in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of the health problems presented by foreigners attending primary care clinics in Malaysia. Data were derived from the 2012 National Medical Care Survey (NMCS), a cross sectional survey of primary care encounters from public and private primary care clinics sampled from five regions in Malaysia. Patients with foreign nationality were identified and analysed for demographic profiles, reasons for encounter (RFEs), diagnosis, and provision of care. Foreigners accounted for 7.7 % (10,830) of all patient encounters from NMCS. Most encounters were from private clinics (90.2 %). Median age was 28 years (IQR: 24.0, 34.8) and 69.9 % were male. Most visits to the primary care clinics were for symptom-based complaints (69.5 %), followed by procedures (23.0 %) and follow-up visit (7.4 %). The commonest diagnosis in public clinics was antenatal care (21.8 %), followed by high risk pregnancies (7.5 %) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (6.8 %). Private clinics had more cases for general medical examination (13.5 %), URTI (13.1 %) and fever (3.9 %). Medications were prescribed to 76.5 % of these encounters. More foreigners were seeking primary medical care from private clinics and the encounters were for general medical examinations and acute minor ailments. Those who sought care from public clinics were for obstetric problems and chronic diseases. Medications were prescribed to two-thirds of the encounters while other interventions: laboratory investigations, medical procedures and follow-up appointment had lower rates in private clinics. Foreigners are generally of young working group and are expected to have mandatory medical checks. The preponderance of obstetrics seen in public clinics suggests a need for improved access to maternal care and pregnancy related care. This has implication on policy and health care provision and access for foreigners and future studies are needed to look into strategies to solve these problems.

Foreign Higher Education Institutes in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naithani, Pranav

2011-01-01

Gulf cooperation council (GCC) countries are witnessing an exponential growth in new foreign higher education institutions on account of government policies which promote setting up of local campuses of renowned foreign universities. But GCC countries have not been able to adequately address key quality related issues in higher education domain…

49 CFR Appendix A to Part 195 - Delineation Between Federal and State Jurisdiction-Statement of Agency Policy and Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... was limited to transportation by common carriers in interstate and foreign commerce, to transportation through facilities used in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce. It also added civil penalty... transportation of hazardous liquids in interstate or foreign commerce. For the remainder of the pipeline...

15 CFR 2003.2 - Testimony and submission of written briefs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Testimony and submission of written briefs. 2003.2 Section 2003.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS OF TRADE POLICY STAFF COMMITTEE § 2003.2...

12 CFR 614.4700 - Financing foreign trade receivables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Financing foreign trade receivables. 614.4700 Section 614.4700 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS Banks for Cooperatives and Agricultural Credit Banks Financing International Trade § 614.4700 Financing foreign trade receivables. (a) Banks...

Nationalization of Venezuelan oil

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petras, J.F.; Morley, M.; Smith, S.

1977-01-01

This study focuses on the exploitation and control of one of the most strategic resources of the industrialized countries--oil. The first part analyzes the patterns of economic and social development within Venezuela leading up to the nationalization in order to cast some light on the nature of the social forces engaged in nationalization. The rising and expanding indigenous capitalist class associated with an expanding and diversified U.S. industrial and service sector provides the necessary leadership, if not impetus, to nationalization. Under the influence of internal and external pressures, this bourgeoisie has seized upon nationalization of oil to strengthen its ownmore » position in society, as well as to widen the opportunities for U.S. investment and trade while increasing regional opportunities for both. The second section is a detailed description and analysis of the plans and projects encompassed within the strategy of national capital expansion. It underlines the very narrow social stratum that will be the beneficiary of nationalization and posits the increasing integration of U.S. and Venezuelan industrial and banking capital, on the one side, and the increasing class polarization (between labor and capital), on the other. Thus, the growth of national ownership is seen to strengthen national capitalism and increasingly implicates it in a series of new relations of dependence with nonpetroleum foreign investors. The third section examines the evolution of U.S. policy in relation to the structural changes taking place. The position adopted here is that while the aggregate of U.S. corporate interests provides the core of U.S. foreign policy, the state (through three of its key agencies) is the major instrumentality that interprets those interests and shapes policy.« less

Gazprom and Russia: The economic rationality of Russian foreign energy policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaloudis, Stergos Carl Thornton

Charges of imperialism underpinned by coercive economic tactics are some of the accusations leveled against Vladimir Putin's foreign energy policy during his presidential tenure. However, after the traditional policies of coercion failed to secure Russian interests in Europe during the 1990's, this dissertation argues Putin adopted a radically different approach upon his rise to the Presidency. Driven by public demand to continue the domestic subsidization of natural gas and realizing that the chief avenue for securing revenue was in gas sales to Europe, this project suggests that Putin developed a new foreign energy policy approach meant to secure Russian interests. This transformation was accomplished by the Presidential Administration's efforts during Putin's tenure to bring the Russian natural gas monopoly, Gazprom, under its control. Dubbed Persuasive Politics, this paradigm suggests that the foreign energy policies of the Presidential Administration and Gazprom during Putin's tenure were underpinned by the rational economic argument that the only route to Russian resurgence in the medium term was through profitable economic relations with the European states. To test this theoretical approach the author employs a case study analysis of Russian relations with the European Union member state Greece as well as the non-EU state of Ukraine. The intent is to identify how a mutually beneficial relationship was constructed to persuade both governments through the utilization of economic inducements that cooperation with Russia in the natural gas sphere was in their own best interest.

National Syllabuses. ELT Documents, 108.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

British Council, London (England). English-Teaching Information Centre.

The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) tested the high school populations of a number of foreign countries in English as a foreign language. The test is described and results are reported. A variety of specific findings and their implications for curriculum development in English as a foreign language are…

Policies | High-Performance Computing | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Use Learn about policy governing user accountability, resource use, use by foreign nationals states. Data Security Learn about the data security policy, including data protection, data security retention policy, including project-centric and user-centric data. Shared Storage Usage Learn about a policy

48 CFR 25.302-4 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Policy. 25.302-4 Section... FOREIGN ACQUISITION Contracts Performed Outside the United States 25.302-4 Policy. (a) General. (1) The policy, responsibilities, procedures, accountability, training, equipping, and conduct of personnel...

The Foreign Student Dilemma.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Altbach, Philip G.

1985-01-01

Analytical introduction and 313-item annotated bibliography address foreign student infrastructure, highlighting academic experiences and performance; adaptation problems; policies (institutional, industrialized nations, Third World nations); educational studies (attitudinal, behavioral, disciplinary, historical, statistical); issues (non-return,…

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

32 CFR 2001.55 - Foreign disclosure of classified information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... foreign government or international organization of governments, or any element thereof, in accordance... Intelligence may issue policy directives or guidelines pursuant to section 6.2(b) of the Order that modify such...

22 CFR 126.8 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 126.8 Section 126.8 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS GENERAL POLICIES AND PROVISIONS § 126.8 [Reserved] ...

Anti-Americanism and U.S. Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-07

world. Starting in July 2002, the Pew Research Center interviewed a total of 38,263 people in 44 different nations. The Pew Global Attitudes survey...then, they’ve come to believe that the United States is using that as an excuse for a unilateral foreign policy, and they’re starting to make sweeping...potential alienation that results from the perceived unilateralism could come at a significant cost , particularly when America needs its allies most in

Soviet Economic Reform: Socialism and Property. Report of the Strategy for Peace, U.S. Foreign Policy Conference (30th, Warrenton, Virginia, October 19-21, 1989).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christensen, Kathy, Comp.; And Others

The Stanley Foundation annually assembles a panel of experts from the public and private sectors to assess specific foreign policy issues and to recommend future direction. The participants in the round-table discussion summarized in this report agreed that the Soviets are moving from a Marxist-Leninist version of socialism to a broader version,…

Cooperation on New Bases in the Wider Black Sea Region

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Change and Continuity in National Identity, Second Edition (Maryland: Lanham, 2010), 223. 16 Ibid., 230. 17 Noam Chomsky , “Ossetia-Russia-Georgia...Current History, October 2010, 287. 29 Tsygankov, Russia’s Foreign Policy, 240. 30 Jack F. Matlock, Jr., quoted in Noam Chomsky , “Ossetia-Russia...32 Ibid., 226. 33 Chomsky , “Ossetia-Russia-Georgia.” 34 Tsygankov, Russia’s Foreign Policy, 240. 35 Dimitry Simes, “Loosing Russia: The Cost of

A Brief Survey of Democracy Promotion in U.S. Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

highlight that economic and security concerns both pre-dated active democracy promotion efforts. 2 For its first centennial , the United States was...the troubles of the world. The 1930s brought the Great Depression and the perception that democracy and capitalism might not be such good ideas after...peacetime foreign policy on democracy was somewhat constrained by the Great Depression and World War II. As World War II raged, FDR eloquently

Nigeria’s Rising Hegemony is Essential to Peace and Stability in West-Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-18

agricultural sector was particularly on wise for the Nigerian government considering the teeming population that can be gainfully employed by the sector...United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva Switzerland . UNIDR/2000/3. P.7 3. Ibid p 4 4 M.A. Vogt The Liberian Crises and... Switzerland p.13 3 Ibid p.15. 4 Gilbert M. Khadiagala, et al African Foreign Policies. Powers and perspective: A . . Foreign policy

Multiple U.S. Agencies Provided Billions of Dollars to Train and Equip Foreign Police Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-27

Homeland Defense and Foreign Operations Committee on Oversight and Government Reform House of Representatives Subject: Multiple U.S. Agencies...its emphasis on training and equipping foreign police as a means of supporting a wide range of U.S. foreign- policy goals, including countering...reported on these issues in 1992.1 In response to your request, this report provides estimates of the funding the U.S. government provided for

The Meaning of Foreign Investment in the Chinese Economy. Training Discussion Paper No. 39.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castro, Claudio de Moura

As the Chinese economy opens up to the outside world, the decision to engage in joint ventures with foreign capital is among the most important national policies. Significant direct consequences of joint ventures are the influx of foreign capital, expanding exports, and employment creation. However, the great importance of joint ventures lies in…

From Early Starters to Late Finishers? A Longitudinal Study of Early Foreign Language Learning in School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jaekel, Nils; Schurig, Michael; Florian, Merle; Ritter, Markus

2017-01-01

Foreign language education has now been implemented at the elementary school level across Europe, and early foreign language education has gained traction following language policies set by the European Commission. The long-term effects of an early start, however, have not received ample scientific scrutiny. The present study assessed early…

Utilizing WAIS Scores to Determine Foreign Language Pathways and Learning Assistance for Students with Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trammell, Jack

2016-01-01

Foreign language (FL) requirements at postsecondary institutions remain a major hurdle for many students with learning disabilities (LD) as well as a significant portion of students without diagnosed LD. Many institutions have developed foreign language substitution (FLS) policies that allow students with LD to take alternate paths to meet the…

AID: The New Challenge. A Special Report of the Agency for International Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agency for International Development (Dept. of State), Washington, DC.

The programs and policies of the Agency for International Development (AID) in administering American foreign aid are briefly described in this booklet. Short introductory sections discuss the reasons for foreign aid, the interdependence of today's world, and the history of American foreign aid since World War II. The remaining parts of the…

Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language in Taiwan: A Socio-Cultural Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kung, Fan-Wei

2017-01-01

This article examines the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context in Taiwan based on Vygotsky's (1978) socio-cultural framework. The historical context is provided after some delineations of the educational system in Taiwan with regard to its foreign language instruction policy and development. Based upon the proposed socio-cultural framework,…

The public health implications of world trade negotiations on the general agreement on trade in services and public services.

PubMed

Pollock, Allyson M; Price, David

2003-09-27

Trade ministries from the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) 144 member states are presently deciding which public services to open to foreign competition under the complex liberalisation rules of the general agreement on trade in services (GATS). A frequent criticism of the WTO system is that it reduces national autonomy over public policy. However, respect for national sovereignty is asserted in the GATS treaty. Here, we examine claims made by the WTO and others that GATS exempts public services and does not require their privatisation. We discuss trade treaty processes that can subject public services to commercial rules, the treaty's flexibility with respect to national autonomy, and the effect of GATS in situations in which national autonomy is not protected. We conclude that national autonomy over health policy is not preserved under GATS, and that accordingly, there is a role for international standards that protect public services from the adverse effect of trade and market forces.

10 CFR 1050.201 - Policy against accepting foreign gifts or decorations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... foreign gifts or decorations. (a) The Constitution of the United States, Article I, section 9, clause 8... the acceptance by Federal employees of gifts and decorations with certain constraints and under...

10 CFR 1050.201 - Policy against accepting foreign gifts or decorations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... foreign gifts or decorations. (a) The Constitution of the United States, Article I, section 9, clause 8... the acceptance by Federal employees of gifts and decorations with certain constraints and under...

10 CFR 1050.201 - Policy against accepting foreign gifts or decorations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... foreign gifts or decorations. (a) The Constitution of the United States, Article I, section 9, clause 8... the acceptance by Federal employees of gifts and decorations with certain constraints and under...

17 CFR 210.2-03 - Examination of financial statements by foreign government auditors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Qualifications and Reports of Accountants... requirements as to examination by independent accountants, the financial statements of any foreign governmental...

17 CFR 210.2-03 - Examination of financial statements by foreign government auditors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Qualifications and Reports of Accountants... requirements as to examination by independent accountants, the financial statements of any foreign governmental...

17 CFR 210.2-03 - Examination of financial statements by foreign government auditors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Qualifications and Reports of Accountants... requirements as to examination by independent accountants, the financial statements of any foreign governmental...

Adolescents' Perceptions of Foreign-Made Products: Implications for Advertising Strategy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reid, Leonard N.; Vanden Bergh, Bruce G.

A five-point, seven-item semantic differential scale was used to collect data from 130 high school students about their perceptions of foreign-made products and the relation of national stereotypes to product stereotypes. To assure consistency, the same product classes (all products, automobiles, cameras, and mechanical toys) and foreign countries…

Proceedings of the National Conference on Professional Priorities. [Curriculum and Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY.

The following papers on foreign language curriculum development for the 1980s are included: (1) "Foreign Language and the Humanistic Tradition: The Relationship to the Coming Decade," by Claire Gaudiani; (2) "Practical Implications of New Trends and Directions," by Wilga Rivers; (3) "Directions in Foreign Language Curriculum Development," by H. H.…

Sanctions, Smuggling, and the Cigarette: The Granting of Iran Office of Foreign Asset Control's Licenses to Big Tobacco.

PubMed

Batmanghelidj, Esfandyar; Heydari, Gholamreza

2014-02-01

Presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the Iranian Government, such the introduction of a highly desired US product to the market would be antithetical to the sanctions regime currently in place. This paper as a systematic review and documents through Pubmed and webs seeks to understand the politician economy implications of nicotine addiction in Iran, focusing on the US office of foreign asset control's (OFAC) awarding of Iran operations licenses to American tobacco companies. By comparing Iran's tobacco industry and the attendant public health crisis that has arisen from high rates of nicotine addiction, to conditions in Turkey, it can be demonstrated that Iran is uniquely unable to extract revenues from the sale of tobacco products. The primary point of comparison between Iran and Turkey is smoking-attributable annual productivity loses of each country as estimated through the use of smoking-attributable mortality, morbidity and economic costs software (SAMMEC) and the available related literature. Based on the calculations derived from the SAMMEC model, Iran is burdened with an incredible cost to the economy borne by a high prevalence of smokers. It is concluded that an awareness of this condition enables OFAC to award licenses to big tobacco without fear of undermining current foreign policy initiatives.

Sanctions, Smuggling, and the Cigarette: The Granting of Iran Office of Foreign Asset Control's Licenses to Big Tobacco

PubMed Central

Batmanghelidj, Esfandyar; Heydari, Gholamreza

2014-01-01

Background: Presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the Iranian Government, such the introduction of a highly desired US product to the market would be antithetical to the sanctions regime currently in place. Methods: This paper as a systematic review and documents through Pubmed and webs seeks to understand the politician economy implications of nicotine addiction in Iran, focusing on the US office of foreign asset control's (OFAC) awarding of Iran operations licenses to American tobacco companies. Results: By comparing Iran's tobacco industry and the attendant public health crisis that has arisen from high rates of nicotine addiction, to conditions in Turkey, it can be demonstrated that Iran is uniquely unable to extract revenues from the sale of tobacco products. The primary point of comparison between Iran and Turkey is smoking-attributable annual productivity loses of each country as estimated through the use of smoking-attributable mortality, morbidity and economic costs software (SAMMEC) and the available related literature. Based on the calculations derived from the SAMMEC model, Iran is burdened with an incredible cost to the economy borne by a high prevalence of smokers. Conclusions: It is concluded that an awareness of this condition enables OFAC to award licenses to big tobacco without fear of undermining current foreign policy initiatives. PMID:24627738

Algeria: Current Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-13

Policy , coordinated by John Rollins. President Bouteflika’s tenure has produced an energized foreign policy . Strains in ties with neighboring Morocco...Issues for U.S. Policy ............................................................................................................3 Background...Algeria, where oil and gas revenues provide resources for policies that some view as designed to buy off dissenters. The government also has taken

US Interagency Regional Foreign Policy Implementation: A Survey of Current Practice and an Analysis of Options for Improvement

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Culture 143 Congressional Support and Legislation 144 What If There Is No Appetite for Interagency Reform? 148 Appendix Interagency Reform at the... environmental disasters. Humanitarian and military operations will often depend on access rights in many different countries.”3 As US foreign policy...dination. However, because the JIACG is located in one agency (the DOD) and has no presidential directive or legislative sanction, other agencies are

Glasnost’ (Public Openness) in the USSR; Historical, Political and Military Perspectives.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-01

bureaucrats" in the central government, glasnost’ meant an exchange of opinions within the bureaucracy about the .0 0 country’s much needed social and economic...restricted to sanctioned policy issues. Predictably, Lenin believed that .* sensitive foreign policy issues such as foreign credits and Western technology...University’s School of Journalism, further stated that a freer exchange of information would help overcome the trends towards inertia and stagnation in Soviet

Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

center and still was one of the prettiest places in Asia. Other tourists made a point of seeing the Soviet-built Salang Pass tunnel, at 11.000 feel ...influence on both domestic aiiu foreign policy was considerable. In the decades that followed his exile he was greatly admired by many Afghan intellectuals ...Central Asia. Feel - ing threatened by enemies within and without, the Soviet Union %aw as its main foreign policy objective the need to obtain

Debt and Democracy in Latin America. U.S. Foreign Policy Conference (30th, Airlie House, Proceedings on Strategy for Peace, Warrenton, Virginia, October 19-21, 1989).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, IA.

An annual assembly of a panel of experts from the public and private sectors assessed specific foreign policy issues and recommended future direction. The oneset of the debt crisis in 1982 generated fears regarding the future of democracy in Latin America. The focus on the assembled experts was on the role of external pressures and the impact of…

Losing Influence: Regional Effects of U.S. Foreign Policy with Venezuela

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

constant back and forth between the Venezuelan president and Colombian President Alvaro Uribe . For the United States, this created yet another foreign...policy dilemma as Uribe had established himself as a key ally to both the government and military thanks to the ARI and Plan Colombia. In January and...act by Colombia within a sovereign state, immediately cut ties with Uribe . Although the United States found no hard evidence to support the claims

48 CFR 750.7102 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General policy. 750.7102 Section 750.7102 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONTRACT MANAGEMENT EXTRAORDINARY CONTRACTUAL ACTIONS Extraordinary Contractual Actions To Protect Foreign Policy...

Understanding how and why health is integrated into foreign policy - a case study of health is global, a UK Government Strategy 2008-2013.

PubMed

Gagnon, Michelle L; Labonté, Ronald

2013-06-06

Over the past decade, global health issues have become more prominent in foreign policies at the national level. The process to develop state level global health strategies is arguably a form of global health diplomacy (GHD). Despite an increase in the volume of secondary research and analysis in this area, little primary research, particularly that which draws directly on the perspectives of those involved in these processes, has been conducted. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap through an empirical case study of Health is Global: A UK Government Strategy 2008-2013. It aims to build understanding about how and why health is integrated into foreign policy and derive lessons of potential relevance to other nations interested in developing whole-of-government global health strategies. The major element of the study consisted of an in-depth investigation and analysis of the UK global health strategy. Document analysis and twenty interviews were conducted. Data was organized and described using an adapted version of Walt and Gilson's policy analysis triangle. A general inductive approach was used to identify themes in the data, which were then analysed and interpreted using Fidler's health and foreign policy conceptualizations and Kingdon's multiples streams model of the policymaking process. The primary reason that the UK decided to focus more on global health is self-interest - to protect national and international security and economic interests. Investing in global health was also seen as a way to enhance the UK's international reputation. A focus on global health to primarily benefit other nations and improve global health per se was a prevalent through weaker theme. A well organized, credible policy community played a critical role in the process and a policy entrepreneur with expertise in both international relations and health helped catalyze attention and action on global health when the time was right. Support from the Prime Minister and from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office was essential. The process to arrive at a government-wide strategy was complex and time-consuming, but also broke down silos. Significant negotiation and compromise were required from actors with widely varying perspectives on global health and conflicting priorities. As primarily an exploratory study, this research sheds significant light on the global health policymaking process at the level of the state. It provides a useful and important starting point for further hypothesis driven empirical research that focuses on the integration of health in foreign policy, how and why this happens and whether or not it makes an impact on improving global health.

Understanding how and why health is integrated into foreign policy - a case study of health is global, a UK Government Strategy 2008–2013

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Over the past decade, global health issues have become more prominent in foreign policies at the national level. The process to develop state level global health strategies is arguably a form of global health diplomacy (GHD). Despite an increase in the volume of secondary research and analysis in this area, little primary research, particularly that which draws directly on the perspectives of those involved in these processes, has been conducted. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap through an empirical case study of Health is Global: A UK Government Strategy 2008–2013. It aims to build understanding about how and why health is integrated into foreign policy and derive lessons of potential relevance to other nations interested in developing whole-of-government global health strategies. Methods The major element of the study consisted of an in-depth investigation and analysis of the UK global health strategy. Document analysis and twenty interviews were conducted. Data was organized and described using an adapted version of Walt and Gilson’s policy analysis triangle. A general inductive approach was used to identify themes in the data, which were then analysed and interpreted using Fidler’s health and foreign policy conceptualizations and Kingdon’s multiples streams model of the policymaking process. Results The primary reason that the UK decided to focus more on global health is self-interest - to protect national and international security and economic interests. Investing in global health was also seen as a way to enhance the UK’s international reputation. A focus on global health to primarily benefit other nations and improve global health per se was a prevalent through weaker theme. A well organized, credible policy community played a critical role in the process and a policy entrepreneur with expertise in both international relations and health helped catalyze attention and action on global health when the time was right. Support from the Prime Minister and from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office was essential. The process to arrive at a government-wide strategy was complex and time-consuming, but also broke down silos. Significant negotiation and compromise were required from actors with widely varying perspectives on global health and conflicting priorities. Conclusions As primarily an exploratory study, this research sheds significant light on the global health policymaking process at the level of the state. It provides a useful and important starting point for further hypothesis driven empirical research that focuses on the integration of health in foreign policy, how and why this happens and whether or not it makes an impact on improving global health. PMID:23742130

A Canon, a Norm and an Attitude--Ideological Dimensions in Foreign Language Education in China.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feng, Anwei

An examination of China's policy, "making the ancient serve the present and foreign things serve China," introduced by Mao Ze-dong, is intended to provoke further discussion of the ideological dimension of foreign language education (FLE) in China. Some observers suggest that this has been an important guiding doctrine in FLE since 1949,…

Understanding the Implications: Why the Chinese Economy is Critical to the United States Realizing Its Desired End State for South East Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

Foreign Direct Investment ........................................................................................ 51 Protection of U.S. Economic...Agreement CPC Chinese Communist Party FDI Foreign Direct Investment FMF Foreign Military Financing FTAAP Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific GDP Gross...report also delves into the U.S. trade deficit established with China, the aggressive emergence of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S., and the

Effects of disease salience and xenophobia on support for humanitarian aid.

PubMed

Peterson, Johnathan C; Gonzalez, Frank J; Schneider, Stephen P

2017-01-01

This article examines how disease salience influences attitudes toward two types of humanitarian aid: sending foreign aid and housing refugees. Some have argued that disease salience increases levels of out-group prejudice through what is referred to as the behavioral immune system (BIS), and this increase in out-group prejudice works to shape policy attitudes. However, an alternative mechanism that may explain the effects of disease salience is contamination fear, which would suggest there is no group bias in the effects of disease threat. Existing work largely interprets opposition to policies that assist out-groups as evidence of out-group prejudice. We suggest it is necessary to separate measures of out-group animosity from opinions toward specific policies to determine whether increased out-group prejudice rather than fear of contamination is the mechanism by which disease salience impacts policy attitudes. Across two experiments, disease salience is shown to significantly decrease support for humanitarian aid, but only in the form of refugee support. Furthermore, there is converging evidence to suggest that any influence of disease salience on aid attitudes is not caused by a corresponding increase in xenophobia. We suggest that the mechanism by which disease threat influences policy attitudes is a general fear of contamination rather than xenophobia. These findings go against an important hypothesized mechanism of the BIS and have critical implications for the relationship between disease salience and attitudes toward transnational policies involving humanitarian aid.

Dynamics of renewable energy consumption and economic activities across the agriculture, industry, and service sectors: evidence in the perspective of sustainable development.

PubMed

Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy; Apergis, Nicholas; Ummalla, Mallesh

2018-01-01

This study aims to examine the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on the agriculture, industry, services, and overall economic activities (GDP) across a panel of G20 nations. The study makes use of annual data from 1980 to 2012 on 17 countries of the G20. To achieve the study objectives, we apply several robust panel econometric models which account for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity in the analysis. The empirical findings confirm the significant long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The long-run elasticities indicate that both renewable and non-renewable energy consumptions have significant positive effect on the economic activities across the sectors and also on the overall economic output. These results also imply that the impact is more from renewable energy on economic activities than that of non-renewable energy. Given that, our results offer significant policy implications. We suggest that the policy makers should aim to initiate effective policies to turn domestic and foreign investments into renewable energy projects. This eventually ensures low carbon emissions and sustainable economic development across the G20 nations.

Scientific Openness and National Security at the National Laboratories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McTague, John

2000-04-01

The possible loss to the People's Republic of China of important U.S. nuclear-weapons-related information has aroused concern about interactions of scientists employed by the national laboratories with foreign nationals. As a result, the National Academies assembled a committee to examine the roles of the national laboratories, the contribution of foreign interactions to the fulfillment of those roles, the risks and benefits of scientific openness in this context, and the merits and liabilities of the specific policies being implemented or proposed with respect to contacts with foreign nationals. The committee concluded that there are many aspects of the work at the laboratories that benefit from or even demand the opportunity for foreign interactions. The committee recommended five principles for guiding policy: (1) Maintain balance. Policy governing international dialogue by laboratory staff should seek to encourage international engagement in some areas, while tightly controlling it in others. (2) Educate staff. Security procedures should be clear, easy to follow, and serve an understandable purpose. (3) Streamline procedures. Good science is compatible with good security if there is intelligent line management both at the labs and in Washington, which applies effective tools for security in a sensible fashion. (4) Focus efforts. DOE should focus its efforts governing tightened security for information. The greatest attention should obviously be provided to the protection of classified information by appropriate physical and cybersecurity measures, and by personnel procedures and training. (5) Beware of prejudice against foreigners. Over the past half-century foreign-born individuals have contributed broadly and profoundly to national security through their work at the national laboratories.

Mexico: The Ultimate Domino?

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

five key issues confronting the two countries: foreign debt, trade, migration, illegal drugs, and foreign policy. The outlook for Mexican political ... stability is evaluated. The author concludes that Mexico’s financial condition presents near-term challenges, but its progress toward recovery, economic

12 CFR 614.4900 - Foreign exchange.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Cooperatives and Agricultural Credit Banks Financing International Trade § 614.4900 Foreign exchange. (a... international financial activities. The bank's policies should include established guidelines for: (1) Net... Department of the Treasury pertaining to currency exchange activities and international transfers of monetary...

48 CFR 1825.901 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Policy. 1825.901 Section 1825.901 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Customs and Duties 1825.901 Policy. NASA has statutory authority to...

48 CFR 25.201 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Policy. 25.201 Section 25.201 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Buy American Act-Construction Materials 25.201 Policy. Except as provided in 25.202...

48 CFR 1825.901 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Policy. 1825.901 Section 1825.901 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Customs and Duties 1825.901 Policy. NASA has statutory authority to...

48 CFR 1825.901 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Policy. 1825.901 Section 1825.901 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Customs and Duties 1825.901 Policy. NASA has statutory authority to...

22 CFR 708.2 - Open meeting policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Open meeting policy. 708.2 Section 708.2... § 708.2 Open meeting policy. (a) It is the policy of the Corporation to provide the public with the... responsibilities. In order to effect this policy, every meeting of the Board of Directors shall be open to public...

Rebalancing the Use of Force: Military Action and U.S. Foreign Policy Beyond 2014

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-27

Master of Military Studies Research Paper 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) September 2011 – April 2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Rebalancing the Use of Force...this effort possible. Every time I left his office with a new book or insight that was crucial in my research . I would also like to recognize my...September 11, 2001. In the post -9/11 world, America’s foreign policy focused on prevention and preemption, primarily through the use of military force

An Unmastered Past: Latvia and Russia After NATO and EU Enlargement: Bilateral Issues of Statecraft 2003-2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

relations, World War II, Waffen SS, NATO, European Union, the Abrene district, occupation, state continuity, international relations, foreign policy. 16...Latvian legion of Waffen SS. The chapter argues that the negative attitude of Russian foreign policy makers derives directly from the perception...the role and importance of two divisions of Waffen SS known as the “Latvian Legion” probably has been the most intense and still is one of the most

Simulated Foreign Policy Exchanges. The Rationale Underlying a Theory of Foreign Policy Interaction

DTIC Science & Technology

1973-08-01

way to structure this knowledge into a whole. To learn structure is, in short, to learn how things are re- lated. Jerome Brunner says: "Grasping the...correlational findings. It is indeed unfortunate, however, that while overwhelmed by these fragments of knowledge we still have not discovered a...next section. IMMillMliHIftdMiMM -" ’•- ^-^—-— j-Mirr- "’ ■ "iŕ 11 LEARNING In order to build a simulation which will produce patterns of

National Security And Institutional Pathologies: A Path Dependent Analysis Of U.S. Interventions In Iran, Guatemala, Cuba, And Iraq

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

The period of investigation for the expanded case study centers on the Eisenhower administration, but also addresses factors that occurred immediately...Understanding how institutional path dependent factors converged in each of these cases may shed light on how to prevent such foreign policy missteps in the...converged in each of these cases may shed light on how to prevent such foreign policy missteps in the future. vi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Examine How Botswana Defense Force in Concurrence with Other Instruments of National Power, Promote Botwana’s National Interests in a Multifarious International Security Environment Regionally

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

national objectives that will be pursued through the implementation of the NSS. It is now prudent to focus arguments on the NDS. Formulating the...interests through foreign policy development ) in the region and abroad. 83 The fundamental purpose of Botswana’s NSS is principally based on a...notion. This will also be shown in subsequent arguments when discussing the Foreign Policy; Formulation and Implementation Model . But it is equally

An Evaluation of United States’ Hedging Strategy with China

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-24

fear the dragon” or “hug the panda .” In this context, this paper examines the background to Chinese foreign policy then evaluates the associated...the panda .” In this context, this paper examines the background to Chinese foreign policy then evaluates the associated American grand strategy that...should “fear the dragon” or “hug the panda .”3 As China continues to grow, the need to incorporate it into the international order to help shore up

United States-Israeli Relations: The Impact on U.S. National Interests

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

world.16 Jervis goes so far as to describe the Bush foreign policy as “ faith based ,” in that the idea that “more democracies will mean greater...foreign policy.19 According to the Congressional Research Service, “Since 1948, the United States and Israel have developed a close friendship based on... based on oil or markets or strategic location but on shared values?”30 Max Boot declared the working paper to be as foolish as the works of Joe

The Goethe Institute with Implications for Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrick, Natalie

1976-01-01

The work of the Goethe Institute in teaching German to foreigners and in fostering interest in German culture is described. The desirability of a change in attitude in Australia toward foreign language study is discussed. (RM)

48 CFR 25.102 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Policy. 25.102 Section 25.102 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Buy American Act-Supplies 25.102 Policy. Except as provided in 25.103, acquire only...

Conclusion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnston, Whittle

1990-01-01

Examines the foreign policy of the Reagan administration. Discusses the critics of the Reagan doctrine, focusing on the criticisms launched against his weapons' policies. Analyzes the policy course of the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, outlining goals of the administration during the INF negotiations. Contends that Reagan's…

22 CFR 129.5 - Policy on embargoes and other proscriptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Policy on embargoes and other proscriptions... REGISTRATION AND LICENSING OF BROKERS § 129.5 Policy on embargoes and other proscriptions. (a) The policy and... out with respect to countries which are subject to United Nations Security Council arms embargo (see...

15 CFR 15.13 - Demand for testimony or production of documents: Department policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... documents: Department policy. 15.13 Section 15.13 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of....13 Demand for testimony or production of documents: Department policy. No employee shall in response... agency counsel. The reasons for this policy are as follows: (a) To conserve the time of Department...

The Impact of Foreign Postings on Accompanying Military Spouses: An Ethnographic Study

PubMed Central

Blakely, Gillian; Hennessy, Catherine; Chung, Man C.; Skirton, Heather

2014-01-01

As part of an ethnographic study, the impact of foreign postings on spouses who accompany military personnel was explored. Individual interviews and focus groups with 34 British military spouses based in one location in southern Europe were conducted. Key findings suggested that reaction to a foreign posting was a reflection of personal attitudes, prior experiences, support, ability to adjust to change and strength of relationship with the serving spouse and community. For many the experience was positive due to the increased opportunity for family time, for others this helped to compensate for the difficulties experienced. Some military spouses experienced significant distress on the posting, particularly if the family was not well-supported. The potential implications of military spouses not adapting to foreign postings have significant implications for healthcare practice. Provision of more appropriate support resources before and during the posting would facilitate the transition for the military spouse and their family. PMID:26973933

Highlights of the COTH Survey of House Staff Policy, 1974

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Checker, Armand; Dove, Donna

1975-01-01

Discusses the Council of Teaching Hospitals Survey of House Staff Policy, including stipends, fringe benefits, sources of funding, rotating internships, minority physicians and foreign medical graduates. (PG)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

China has rich potential for renewable energy development including wind energy, solar, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal. Fact sheet describes Chinas policy for attracting foreign investment, Chinas tax policy, import duties, currency exchange, and renewable joint ventures in China.

48 CFR 7.503 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... relations and the determination of foreign policy. (5) The determination of agency policy, such as..., and other public funds, unless authorized by statute, such as 31 U.S.C. 952 (relating to private... funds collected can be easily controlled using standard case management techniques; and (ii) Routine...

48 CFR 625.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Policy. 625.7001 Section 625.7001 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF STATE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Arab League Boycott and Related Provisions 625.7001 Policy. (a) Section 565 of the Fiscal Year 94...

48 CFR 2825.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Policy. 2825.302 Section 2825.302 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Balance of Payments Program 2825.302 Policy. The HCA, or designee at a level not lower than the...

48 CFR 625.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Policy. 625.7001 Section 625.7001 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF STATE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Arab League Boycott and Related Provisions 625.7001 Policy. (a) Section 565 of the Fiscal Year 94...

48 CFR 2825.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Policy. 2825.302 Section 2825.302 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Balance of Payments Program 2825.302 Policy. The HCA, or designee at a level not lower than the...

31 CFR 500.576 - Authorization of transactions concerning certain development projects in Vietnam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy... section, Qualified Projects include investment projects, structural adjustment lending, sector adjustment...

12 CFR 347.117 - General consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY... establish a foreign branch conducting activities authorized by section 347.115 of this section in any... subsidiaries; (ii) The bank's holding company operates a foreign bank subsidiary; or (iii) An affiliated bank...

12 CFR 347.117 - General consent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY... establish a foreign branch conducting activities authorized by section 347.115 of this section in any... subsidiaries; (ii) The bank's holding company operates a foreign bank subsidiary; or (iii) An affiliated bank...

Language Policy and Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Takala, Sauli; Sajavaara, Kari

2000-01-01

Focuses on foreign language planning, or the planned changes in foreign language instructional systems and in uses of languages in different social contexts with special reference to the Nordic and Baltic countries. Special attention is given to the relationship between language planning and evaluation. (Author/VWL)

75 FR 53559 - Women's Equality Day, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-31

... policy. I also appointed the first White House Advisor on Violence Against Women, whose leadership will... importance of women's empowerment in all aspects of our foreign policy. From Afghanistan to the Democratic...

48 CFR 2825.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ACQUISITION Balance of Payments Program 2825.302 Policy. The HCA, or designee at a level not lower than the... evaluation of domestic and foreign offers under the Balance of Payments Program. All determinations made...

48 CFR 2825.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ACQUISITION Balance of Payments Program 2825.302 Policy. The HCA, or designee at a level not lower than the... evaluation of domestic and foreign offers under the Balance of Payments Program. All determinations made...

The Impact of Expanding Advanced Level Secondary School Students' Awareness and Use of Metacognitive Learning Strategies on Confidence and Proficiency in Foreign Language Speaking Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forbes, Karen; Fisher, Linda

2018-01-01

In an increasingly multilingual world, the question of how to improve foreign language speaking skills of pupils in British schools is of paramount importance to language teachers and policy-makers today. This paper examines how an explicit focus on metacognitive strategy use within secondary school foreign language lessons impacts pupils'…

The Primary Care Physician Workforce: Ethical and Policy Implications

PubMed Central

Starfield, Barbara; Fryer, George E.

2007-01-01

PURPOSE We undertook a study to examine the characteristics of countries exporting physicians to the United States according to their relative contribution to the primary care supply in the United States. METHODS We used data from the World Health Organization and from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile to gather sociodemographic, health system, and health characteristics of countries and the number of international medical graduates (IMGs) for the countries, according to the specialty of their practice in the United States. RESULTS Countries whose medical school graduates added a relatively greater percentage of the primary care physicians than the overall percentage of primary care physicians in the United States (31%) were poor countries with relatively extreme physician shortages, high infant mortality rates, lower life expectancies, and lower immunization rates than countries contributing relatively more specialists to the US physician workforce. CONCLUSION The United States disproportionately uses graduates of foreign medical schools from the poorest and most deprived countries to maintain its primary care physician supply. The ethical aspects of depending on foreign medical graduates is an important issue, especially when it deprives disadvantaged countries of their graduates to buttress a declining US primary care physician supply. PMID:18025485

International Air Transport and Federal Policy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Binder, R. H.

1972-01-01

The Federal policy which establishes guidelines for future U.S. participation in the international air transportation industry is discussed. The policy issues discussed include the following: (1) aircraft hijacking, both foreign and domestic, (2) relationship of scheduled services and charter services, (3) capacity problems, and (4) rate regulation.

48 CFR 1835.016-70 - Foreign participation under broad agency announcements (BAAs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... broad agency announcements (BAAs). 1835.016-70 Section 1835.016-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations... DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTING 1835.016-70 Foreign participation under broad agency announcements (BAAs). (a) Policy. (1) NASA seeks the broadest participation in response to broad agency announcements, including...

14 CFR 399.83 - Unfair or deceptive practice of air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket agent in orally...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) POLICY STATEMENTS STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY Policies Relating to... orally confirming to prospective passenger reserved space on scheduled flights. It is the policy of the... transportation or the sale thereof within the meaning of section 411 of the Act, unless the tariff of the...

48 CFR 625.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ACQUISITION Arab League Boycott and Related Provisions 625.7001 Policy. (a) Section 565 of the Fiscal Year 94... person that complies with the Arab League Boycott of Israel; or, (2) With any foreign or United States...

48 CFR 625.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ACQUISITION Arab League Boycott and Related Provisions 625.7001 Policy. (a) Section 565 of the Fiscal Year 94... person that complies with the Arab League Boycott of Israel; or, (2) With any foreign or United States...

48 CFR 625.7001 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ACQUISITION Arab League Boycott and Related Provisions 625.7001 Policy. (a) Section 565 of the Fiscal Year 94... person that complies with the Arab League Boycott of Israel; or, (2) With any foreign or United States...

The Challenges Encountered by Immigrant-Serving Agencies in Addressing the Health of Temporary Foreign Workers.

PubMed

Salami, Bukola; Kirova, Anna; Hegadoren, Kathleen; Meherali, Salima; Chiu, Yvonne; Nsaliwa, Christina

2016-01-01

This study sought to examine the challenges encountered by immigrant-serving agencies in meeting the health needs of temporary foreign workers and their families in one Canadian province. The authors interviewed 11 representatives of immigrant-serving agencies and two policy makers. Some of the challenges that agencies face in delivering programs and services for temporary foreign workers and their families include the time required to build trust with this population, temporary foreign workers' reluctance to use services due to fear that it will affect their immigration status, and the emotional labor associated with working with temporary foreign workers.

Location Dynamics of Foreign Banking in Shanghai from 1990 TO 2009

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Xiaobing; Kim, Beom Jun

This study examined the determinants of foreign bank location decisions in Shanghai markets over the period of 1990 to 2009. The growing foreign presence in Shanghai was found to be related to two different policy regimes: Pudong development area foreign enterprise clustering period after China opened Pudong, and "deposit-loan-match principle" implementing period after China joined WTO. The current location pattern was found to be correlated to deposit potential in each district. It is evident that the foreign bank location decisions were influenced by those of domestic banks while the reverse did not hold. These findings provide a valuable platform for theoretical modeling and further analysis.

Penetrated system' or normal' state An exploration of INF arms control policy, East-West economic relations, and inter-German policy in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1979-1987

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fisher, C.S.

1991-01-01

The thesis explores policy-making processes in the Federal Republic from 1979-1987 in three areas: INF arms control policy, East-West economic relations, and inter-German policy. Each case study assesses the degree of complexity and domestic accountability in policy-making processes and evaluates the relative influence of domestic and external factors on policy choices. It argues that the trends in West German foreign policy toward greater assertiveness reflected the evolution of the FRG as a state, society, and polity. The maturation' of the Federal Republic has introduced greater complexity into foreign policy-making processes, and more frequent societal intervention into what heretofore were elitemore » deliberations. Domestic actors have begun to demand greater accountability, while West German leaders, in turn, have become more assertive and confident in defending German national interests. As the FRG has gained respect and self-respect, it has begun to assume the international role that might be expected of a state of its size, population, geo-political importance, and level of political and economic development. The FRG has become a normal' state.« less

The Phoenix of Foreign Policy: Isolationism’s Influence on U.S. Foreign Policy During the Twentieth Century

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

submarines. The British liner Lusitania , sunk by the German submarine U-20 on 07 May, 1915, brought to a boil the issues concerning American neutrality...and Germany’s decision to employ the submarine to counter Britain’s dominance of the sea. The sinking of the Lusitania caused the loss of 1195 lives...from the Entente by August. sinking of the Lusitania was centered in the eastern United States, while the western part of the country reacted much

Perceptions of Americans and the Iraq Invasion: Implications for Understanding National Character Stereotypes

PubMed Central

Terracciano, Antonio; McCrae, Robert R.

2008-01-01

This study examines perceptions of the “typical American” from 49 cultures around the world. Contrary to the ethnocentric bias hypothesis, we found strong agreement between in-group and out-group ratings on the American profile (assertive, open-minded, but antagonistic); Americans in fact had a somewhat less desirable view of Americans than did others. Within cultures, in-group ratings were not systematically more favorable than out-group ratings. The Iraq invasion had a slight negative effect on perceptions of the typical American, but people around the world seem to draw a clear distinction between U.S. foreign policy and the character of the American people. National character stereotypes appear to have a variety of sources and to be perpetuated by both cognitive mechanisms and socio-cultural forces. PMID:18618011

Global Spent Fuel Logistics Systems Study (GSFLS). Volume 2. GSFLS visit findings and evaluations. Interim report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1978-01-31

This report is a part of the interim report documentation for the Global Spent Fuel Logistics System (GSFLS) study. This report describes a global framework that evaluates spent fuel disposition requirements, influencing factors and strategies. A broad sampling of foreign governmental officials, electric utility spokesmen and nuclear power industry officials responsible for GSFLS policies, plans and programs were surveyed as to their views with respect to national and international GSFLS related considerations. The results of these GSFLS visit findings are presented herein. These findings were then evaluated in terms of technical, institutional and legal/regulatory implications. The GSFLS evaluations, in conjunctionmore » with perceived US spent fuel objectives, formed the basis for selecting a set of GSFLS strategies which are reported herein.« less