26 CFR 1.1493-1 - Definition of foreign trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 12 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of foreign trust. 1.1493-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Tax on Transfers to Avoid Income Tax § 1.1493-1 Definition of foreign trust. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 1967, a trust is to be considered a “foreign trust” within the...

26 CFR 1.641(c)-1 - Electing small business trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Electing small business trust. 1.641(c)-1...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.641(c)-1 Electing small business trust. (a) In general. An electing small business trust (ESBT) within the meaning of section 1361...

12 CFR 745.9-1 - Trust accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Trust accounts. 745.9-1 Section 745.9-1 Banks... AND APPENDIX Clarification and Definition of Account Insurance Coverage § 745.9-1 Trust accounts. (a) For purposes of this section, “trust” refers to an irrevocable trust. (b) All trust interests (as...

26 CFR 1.678(c)-1 - Trusts for support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trusts for support. 1.678(c)-1 Section 1.678(c... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Grantors and Others Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.678(c)-1 Trusts for support... cotrustee, to apply the income of the trust to the support or maintenance of a person whom the holder is...

26 CFR 1.677(b)-1 - Trusts for support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trusts for support. 1.677(b)-1 Section 1.677(b... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Grantors and Others Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.677(b)-1 Trusts for support. (a) Section 677(b) provides that a grantor is not treated as the owner of a trust merely because its...

26 CFR 8.1 - Charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Charitable remainder trusts. 8.1 Section 8.1... Charitable remainder trusts. (a) Certain wills and trusts in existence on September 21, 1974. In the case of a will executed before September 21, 1974, or a trust created (within the meaning of applicable...

26 CFR 1.47-5 - Estates and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Estates and trusts. 1.47-5 Section 1.47-5... Computing Credit for Investment in Certain Depreciable Property § 1.47-5 Estates and trusts. (a) In general—(1) Disposition or cessation in hands of estate or trust. If an estate or trust disposes of any...

26 CFR 1.641(c)-1 - Electing small business trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Electing small business trust. 1.641(c)-1... small business trust. (a) In general. An electing small business trust (ESBT) within the meaning of... meaning of section 642(c)(1). The limitations of section 681, regarding unrelated business income, apply...

26 CFR 1.641(c)-1 - Electing small business trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Electing small business trust. 1.641(c)-1... small business trust. (a) In general. An electing small business trust (ESBT) within the meaning of... meaning of section 642(c)(1). The limitations of section 681, regarding unrelated business income, apply...

26 CFR 1.641(c)-1 - Electing small business trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Electing small business trust. 1.641(c)-1... small business trust. (a) In general. An electing small business trust (ESBT) within the meaning of... meaning of section 642(c)(1). The limitations of section 681, regarding unrelated business income, apply...

26 CFR 1.641(c)-1 - Electing small business trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Electing small business trust. 1.641(c)-1... small business trust. (a) In general. An electing small business trust (ESBT) within the meaning of... meaning of section 642(c)(1). The limitations of section 681, regarding unrelated business income, apply...

17 CFR 269.0-1 - Availability of forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Availability of forms. 269.0-1 Section 269.0-1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) FORMS PRESCRIBED UNDER THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939 § 269.0-1 Availability of forms. (a) This part identifies...

Enhancing the Activity of the DLPFC with tDCS Alters Risk Preference without Changing Interpersonal Trust

PubMed Central

Zheng, Haoli; Wang, Siqi; Guo, Wenmin; Chen, Shu; Luo, Jun; Ye, Hang; Huang, Daqiang

2017-01-01

Interpersonal trust plays an essential role in economic interactions and social development. Extensive behavioral experiments have examined the nature of trust, particularly the question of whether trusting decisions are connected to risk preferences or risk attitudes. Various laboratory observations have been reported regarding the difference between trust and risk, and neural imaging studies have demonstrated that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) is more activated when individuals decide to trust other human beings compared with individuals decide to invest in a non-social risk condition. Moreover, the rDLPFC has been found to exhibit an intimate relationship with risk preference in previous neuroscience studies. However, the causal relationship between the rDLPFC and trust has rarely been revealed. Whether modulating the excitability of the rDLPFC, which shares roles in both trust and risk decisions, alters the trust or risk preference of participants remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to provide evidence of a direct link between the neural and behavioral results through the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the rDLPFC. We found that activating the rDLPFC altered the risk preferences of our participants, whereas no such significant effect over interpersonal trust was observed. Our findings indicate that enhancing the excitability of the rDLPFC using tDCS leads to more conservative decision-makings in a risk game, and this effect is specific to non-social risk rather than social-related trust. PMID:28232785

26 CFR 1.501(c)(18)-1 - Certain funded pension trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Certain funded pension trusts. 1.501(c)(18)-1... pension trusts. (a) In general. Organizations described in section 501(c)(18) are trusts created before... contributions of employees. In order to be exempt, such trusts must also meet the requirements set forth in...

Rethinking trust.

PubMed

Kramer, Roderick M

2009-06-01

Will we ever learn? We'd barely recovered from Enron and WorldCom before we faced the subprime mortgage meltdown and more scandals that shook our trust in businesspeople. Which raises the question: Do we trust too much? In this article, Stanford professor and social psychologist Kramer explores the reasons we trust so easily--and, often, so unwisely. He explains that genetics and childhood learning make us predisposed to trust and that it's been a good survival mechanism. That said, our willingness to trust makes us vulnerable. Our sense of trust kicks in on remarkably simple cues, such as when people look like us or are part of our social group. We also rely on third parties to verify the character of others, sometimes to our detriment (as the victims of Bernard Madoff learned). Add in our illusions of invulnerability and our tendencies to see what we want to see and to overestimate our own judgment, and the bottom line is that we're often easily fooled. We need to develop tempered trust. For those who trust too much, that means reading cues better; for the distrustful, it means developing more receptive behaviors. Everyone should start with small acts of trust that encourage reciprocity and build up. Having a hedge against potential abuses also helps. Hollywood scriptwriters, for instance, register their treatments with the Writers Guild of America to prevent their ideas from being stolen by the executives they pitch. To attract the right relationships, people must strongly signal their own honesty, proactively allay concerns, and, if their trust is abused, retaliate. Trusting individuals in certain roles, which essentially means trusting the system that selects and trains them, also works but isn't foolproof. And don't count on due diligence alone for protection; constant vigilance is needed to make sure the landscape hasn't changed.

26 CFR 1.666(d)-1A - Information required from trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Information required from trusts. 1.666(d)-1A...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Treatment of Excess Distributions of Trusts Applicable to Taxable Years Beginning Before January 1, 1969 § 1.666(d)-1A Information required from trusts. (a) Adequate...

26 CFR 1.665(d)-1 - Taxes imposed on the trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Taxes imposed on the trust. 1.665(d)-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Treatment of Excess Distributions of Trusts Applicable to Taxable Years Beginning Before January 1, 1969 § 1.665(d)-1 Taxes imposed on the trust. (a) For the purpose of subpart D (section...

26 CFR 1.857-1 - Taxation of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Taxation of real estate investment trusts. 1.857...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-1 Taxation of real... real estate investment trust for a taxable year unless— (1) The deduction for dividends paid for the...

26 CFR 1.857-1 - Taxation of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Taxation of real estate investment trusts. 1.857...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-1 Taxation of real... real estate investment trust for a taxable year unless— (1) The deduction for dividends paid for the...

26 CFR 1.857-1 - Taxation of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Taxation of real estate investment trusts. 1.857...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-1 Taxation of real... real estate investment trust for a taxable year unless— (1) The deduction for dividends paid for the...

26 CFR 1.856-1 - Definition of real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definition of real estate investment trust. 1...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.856-1 Definition of real estate investment trust. (a) In general. The term “real estate investment trust” means a...

26 CFR 1.58-3 - Estates and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Estates and trusts. 1.58-3 Section 1.58-3... Preference Regulations § 1.58-3 Estates and trusts. (a) In general. (1) Section 58(c)(1) provides that the sum of the items of tax preference of an estate or trust shall be apportioned between the estate or...

26 CFR 1.50A-6 - Estates and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Estates and trusts. 1.50A-6 Section 1.50A-6... Computing Credit for Expenses of Work Incentive Programs § 1.50A-6 Estates and trusts. (a) In general—(1) Termination of employment by an estate or trust. If an estate or trust terminates (in a termination subject to...

26 CFR 1.58-5 - Common trust funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Common trust funds. 1.58-5 Section 1.58-5... Preference Regulations § 1.58-5 Common trust funds. Section 58(e) provides that each participant in a common trust fund (as defined in section 584 and the regulations thereunder) is to treat as items of tax...

26 CFR 1.48-6 - Estates and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Estates and trusts. 1.48-6 Section 1.48-6... Computing Credit for Investment in Certain Depreciable Property § 1.48-6 Estates and trusts. (a) In general. (1) In the case of an estate or trust, the basis of “new section 38 property” and the cost of “used...

26 CFR 1.679-5 - Pre-immigration trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pre-immigration trusts. 1.679-5 Section 1.679-5...) INCOME TAXES Grantors and Others Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.679-5 Pre-immigration trusts. (a) In... transferring property to a foreign trust (the original transfer), the individual is treated as having...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(17)-1 - Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. 1.501(c... Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. (a) Requirements for qualification. (1) A supplemental unemployment benefit trust may be exempt as an organization described in section 501(c)(17) if the requirements of...

A Trust That Can't Be Breached.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penning, Nick

1990-01-01

Children's Investment Trust is a proposed trust fund for children's services (nutrition, health, education, and social services) similar in design to Social Security fund. The trust would be funded by a small, progressive payroll tax levied on both employer and employee on wages greater than $5 per hour. The tax would raise $25 billion more every…

On improving the speed and reliability of T2-Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST) MRI

PubMed Central

Xu, Feng; Uh, Jinsoo; Liu, Peiying; Lu, Hanzhang

2011-01-01

A T2-Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST) technique was recently developed to estimate cerebral blood oxygenation, providing potentials for non-invasive assessment of the brain's oxygen consumption. A limitation of the current sequence is the need for long TR, as shorter TR causes an over-estimation in blood R2. The present study proposes a post-saturation TRUST by placing a non-selective 90° pulse after the signal acquisition to reset magnetization in the whole brain. This scheme was found to eliminate estimation bias at a slight cost of precision. To improve the precision, TE of the sequence was optimized and it was found that a modest TE shortening of 3.4ms can reduce the estimation error by 49%. We recommend the use of post-saturation TRUST sequence with a TR of 3000ms and a TE of 3.6ms, which allows the determination of global venous oxygenation with scan duration of 1 minute 12 seconds and an estimation precision of ±1% (in units of oxygen saturation percentage). PMID:22127845

26 CFR 1.664-2 - Charitable remainder annuity trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Charitable remainder annuity trust. 1.664-2... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates and Trusts Which May Accumulate Income Or Which Distribute Corpus § 1.664-2 Charitable remainder annuity trust. (a) Description. A charitable remainder annuity trust is...

26 CFR 1.665(d)-1A - Taxes imposed on the trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Taxes imposed on the trust. 1.665(d)-1A Section... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Treatment of Excess Distributions of Trusts Applicable to Taxable Years Beginning on Or After January 1, 1969 § 1.665(d)-1A Taxes imposed on the trust. (a) In general. (1) For...

26 CFR 1.667-1 - Denial of refund to trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Denial of refund to trusts. 1.667-1 Section 1.667-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX... Beginning Before January 1, 1969 § 1.667-1 Denial of refund to trusts. (a) If an amount is deemed under...

26 CFR 1.667-1 - Denial of refund to trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Denial of refund to trusts. 1.667-1 Section 1.667-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX... Before January 1, 1969 § 1.667-1 Denial of refund to trusts. (a) If an amount is deemed under section 666...

26 CFR 1.643(a)-6 - Income of foreign trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Income of foreign trust. 1.643(a)-6 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.643(a)-6 Income of foreign trust. (a) Distributable net income of a foreign trust. In the case of a foreign trust (see section 7701(a)(31)), the...

The Need to Trust and to Trust More Wisely in Academe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowman, Richard F.

2012-01-01

Where trust is an issue, there is no trust. Trust in diverse organizations has never been lower. A shadow of doubt stalks one's every decision to trust collegially and institutionally. Still, colleagues sense intuitively that institutions cannot function optimally without a bedrock level of trust. In academic life, trust is a form of social…

26 CFR 1.684-4 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.684-4... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Miscellaneous § 1.684-4 Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. (a) In general. If a U.S. person transfers property to a domestic trust, and such trust becomes a foreign trust...

26 CFR 1.50B-3 - Estates and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Estates and trusts. 1.50B-3 Section 1.50B-3... Computing Credit for Expenses of Work Incentive Programs § 1.50B-3 Estates and trusts. (a) General rule—(1) In general. In the case of an estate or trust, WIN expenses (as defined in paragraph (a) of § 1.50B-1...

26 CFR 1.1291-0T - Passive foreign investment company-table of contents (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Capital Gains and Losses § 1.1291-0T Passive foreign investment company—table of contents (temporary.... (C) Estates and nongrantor trusts. (D) Grantor trusts. (c) through (j) [Reserved] (k) Effective...) Shareholder. (k) Effective/applicability date. [T.D. 9650, 78 FR 79607, Dec. 31, 2013] ...

26 CFR 1.860G-2T - Other rules (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Other rules (temporary). 1.860G-2T Section 1.860G-2T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.860G-2T Other rules (temporary). (a...

26 CFR 1.860G-2T - Other rules (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Other rules (temporary). 1.860G-2T Section 1.860G-2T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.860G-2T Other rules (temporary). (a...

Trust During the Early Stages of the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic

PubMed Central

FREIMUTH, VICKI S.; MUSA, DON; HILYARD, KAREN; QUINN, SANDRA CROUSE; KIM, KEVIN

2013-01-01

Distrust of the government often stands in the way of cooperation with public health recommendations in a crisis. The purpose of this paper is to describe the public’s trust in government recommendations during the early stages of the H1N1 pandemic and identify factors that might account for these trust levels. We surveyed 1543 respondents about their experiences and attitudes related to H1N1 influenza between June 3, 2009 and July 6, 2009, during the first wave of the pandemic using the Knowledge Networks (KN) online panel. This panel is representative of the US population, and uses a combination of random-digit dial and address-based probability sampling frames covering 99% of the US household population to recruit participants. To ensure participation of low-income individuals and those without Internet access, KN provides hardware and access to the Internet if needed. Measures included standard demographics, a trust scale, trust ratings for individual spokespersons, involvement with H1N1, experience with H1N1, and past discrimination in health care. We found that trust of government was low (2.3 out of 4) and varied across demographic groups. Blacks and Hispanics reported higher trust in government than did Whites. Of the spokespersons included, personal health professionals received the highest trust ratings and religious leaders the lowest. Attitudinal and experience variables predicted trust better than demographic characteristics. Closely following the news about the flu virus, having some self-reported knowledge about H1N1, self-reporting of local cases and previously experiencing discrimination were the significant attitudinal and experience predictors of trust. Using a second longitudinal survey, trust in the early stages of the pandemic did predict vaccine acceptance later but only for white, non-Hispanic individuals. PMID:24117390

26 CFR 1.415(g)-1 - Disqualification of plans and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Disqualification of plans and trusts. 1.415(g)-1 Section 1.415(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED...(g)-1 Disqualification of plans and trusts. (a) Disqualification of plans—(1) In general. Under...

26 CFR 1.415(g)-1 - Disqualification of plans and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Disqualification of plans and trusts. 1.415(g)-1 Section 1.415(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED...(g)-1 Disqualification of plans and trusts. (a) Disqualification of plans—(1) In general. Under...

26 CFR 1.415(g)-1 - Disqualification of plans and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Disqualification of plans and trusts. 1.415(g)-1 Section 1.415(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED...(g)-1 Disqualification of plans and trusts. (a) Disqualification of plans—(1) In general. Under...

26 CFR 1.857-1 - Taxation of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Taxation of real estate investment trusts. 1.857-1 Section 1.857-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-1 Taxation of real estate...

26 CFR 1.857-1 - Taxation of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Taxation of real estate investment trusts. 1.857-1 Section 1.857-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-1 Taxation of real...

29 CFR 2550.403a-1 - Establishment of trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Establishment of trust. 2550.403a-1 Section 2550.403a-1... REGULATIONS FOR FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY § 2550.403a-1 Establishment of trust. (a) In general. Except as otherwise provided in § 403b-1, all assets of an employee benefit plan shall be held in trust by one or more...

26 CFR 1.318-3 - Estates, trusts, and options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Estates, trusts, and options. 1.318-3 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Definitions; Constructive Ownership of Stock § 1.318-3 Estates, trusts, and options... of section 318(a)(2)(B) stock owned by a trust will be considered as being owned by its beneficiaries...

Explaining the justice-performance relationship: trust as exchange deepener or trust as uncertainty reducer?

PubMed

Colquitt, Jason A; Lepine, Jeffery A; Piccolo, Ronald F; Zapata, Cindy P; Rich, Bruce L

2012-01-01

Past research has revealed significant relationships between organizational justice dimensions and job performance, and trust is thought to be one mediator of those relationships. However, trust has been positioned in justice theorizing in 2 different ways, either as an indicator of the depth of an exchange relationship or as a variable that reflects levels of work-related uncertainty. Moreover, trust scholars distinguish between multiple forms of trust, including affect- and cognition-based trust, and it remains unclear which form is most relevant to justice effects. To explore these issues, we built and tested a more comprehensive model of trust mediation in which procedural, interpersonal, and distributive justice predicted affect- and cognition-based trust, with those trust forms predicting both exchange- and uncertainty-based mechanisms. The results of a field study in a hospital system revealed that the trust variables did indeed mediate the relationships between the organizational justice dimensions and job performance, with affect-based trust driving exchange-based mediation and cognition-based trust driving uncertainty-based mediation.

26 CFR 1.401(a)-50 - Puerto Rican trusts; election to be treated as a domestic trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Puerto Rican trusts; election to be treated as a domestic trust. 1.401(a)-50 Section 1.401(a)-50 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.401(a)-50 Puerto Rican trusts...

26 CFR 1.851-7 - Certain unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Certain unit investment trusts. 1.851-7 Section... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.851-7 Certain unit investment trusts. (a) In general. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code, a unit...

26 CFR 1.851-7 - Certain unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.851-7 Certain unit investment trusts. (a) In general. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code, a unit... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Certain unit investment trusts. 1.851-7 Section...

26 CFR 1.851-7 - Certain unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.851-7 Certain unit investment trusts. (a) In general. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code, a unit... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Certain unit investment trusts. 1.851-7 Section...

26 CFR 1.851-7 - Certain unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.851-7 Certain unit investment trusts. (a) In general. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code, a unit... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Certain unit investment trusts. 1.851-7 Section...

26 CFR 1.851-7 - Certain unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certain unit investment trusts. 1.851-7 Section... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.851-7 Certain unit investment trusts. (a) In general. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code, a unit investment...

26 CFR 1.691(c)-2 - Estates and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Estates and trusts. 1.691(c)-2 Section 1.691(c... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Income in Respect of Decedents § 1.691(c)-2 Estates and trusts. (a) In the case of an estate or trust, the deduction prescribed in section 691(c) is determined in the same manner as...

Trust-Threshold Based Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Delay Tolerant Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-15

A £) I e- A "flt x rj(t), ifm *jand\\Ri\\=0 (4) if m * j and\\R{\\ > 0 The indirect trust evaluation toward nodej is given in Equation 4 above...Pfn. Pfp 1% U 300 5 (5 min) (In [l,4] m / s a 90% toh 0.8:0.2 E„ [12. 24] hrs ’ A ’* m [160.480| mm TlDS iOOs 5.1 Optimal Trust Thresholds for...Evaluation t-r, encounter.X(t . A ,\\ ;r„, _ i Tim (t+At), tfm-j e-^’xrj(t), ifm +l W The direct trust evaluation of nodey is given in

From the general to the specific: How social trust motivates relational trust.

PubMed

Robbins, Blaine G

2016-01-01

When people form beliefs about the trustworthiness of others with respect to particular matters (i.e., when individuals trust), theory suggests that they rely on preexistent cognitive schemas regarding the general cooperativeness of individuals and organizations (i.e., social trust). In spite of prior work, the impact of social trust on relational trust-or what Russell Hardin (2002) calls trust as a three-part relation where actor A trusts actor B with reference to matter Y-is not well established. Four vignette experiments were administered to Amazon.com Mechanical Turk workers (N = 1388 and N = 1419) and to public university undergraduate students (N = 995 and N = 956) in order to investigate the relationship between social trust and relational trust. Measures of general social trust and particular social trust produced statistically equivalent effects that were positively associated with relational trust. Political trust, however, was statistically unrelated to relational trust. These results support the idea that people rely on schemas and stereotypes concerned with the general cooperativeness and helpfulness of others when forming beliefs about another person's trustworthiness with respect to a particular matter at hand. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Collective Trust: Why Schools Can't Improve without It

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forsyth, Patrick B.; Adams, Curt M.; Hoy, Wayne K.

2011-01-01

The culmination of nearly three decades of research, "Collective Trust" offers new insight and practical knowledge on the social construction of trust for school improvement. The authors argue that "collective trust" is not merely an average trust score for a group, but rather an independent concept with distinctive origins and consequences. The…

26 CFR 1.501(c)(17)-1 - Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. 1.501... Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. (a) Requirements for qualification. (1) A supplemental unemployment... the purpose of providing supplemental unemployment compensation benefits (as defined in section 501(c...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(17)-1 - Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. 1.501... Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. (a) Requirements for qualification. (1) A supplemental unemployment... the purpose of providing supplemental unemployment compensation benefits (as defined in section 501(c...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(17)-1 - Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. 1.501(c... Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. (a) Requirements for qualification. (1) A supplemental unemployment... the purpose of providing supplemental unemployment compensation benefits (as defined in section 501(c...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(17)-1 - Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. 1.501(c... Supplemental unemployment benefit trusts. (a) Requirements for qualification. (1) A supplemental unemployment... the purpose of providing supplemental unemployment compensation benefits (as defined in section 501(c...

Impact of signals and experience on trust and trusting behavior.

PubMed

Chen, Ying-Hueih; Chien, Shu-Hua; Wu, Jyh-Jeng; Tsai, Pei-Yin

2010-10-01

Trust is an essential factor that drives virtual interaction and transactions on the Internet. Researchers have investigated the trust development process, and identified several important factors that form the basis for trust. This research combines the signal perspective and trust theory to examine the impact of market signals and past experience on trust formation and trusting behavior. Three market signals, including brand image, Web-site investment, and privacy policies, are identified and empirically tested to determine their impact on consumer trust. Based on 322 active Web users, the quantitative results suggest that brand image, Web-site investment, privacy policies, and past experience all positively impact trust formation. Furthermore, trust shows a positive effect on Web-site stickiness. Both theoretical and practical implications of the results are also offered.

26 CFR 1.501(c)(21)-2 - Same-trust instrument.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Same-trust instrument. 1.501(c)(21)-2 Section 1... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Exempt Organizations § 1.501(c)(21)-2 Same—trust instrument. As trust does not meet the requirements of section 501(c)(21) if it is not established and maintained...

26 CFR 1.170A-6 - Charitable contributions in trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Charitable contributions in trust. 1.170A-6...-6 Charitable contributions in trust. (a) In general. (1) No deduction is allowed under section 170... the donor's entire interest in the property and which is transferred in trust unless the transfer...

26 CFR 20.2056A-4T - Procedures for conforming marital trusts and nontrust marital transfers to the requirements of a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures for conforming marital trusts and nontrust marital transfers to the requirements of a qualified domestic trust (temporary). 20.2056A-4T Section 20.2056A-4T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ESTATE AND GIFT TAXES ESTATE TAX; ESTATES OF...

26 CFR 1.667(a)-1A - Denial of refund to trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Denial of refund to trusts. 1.667(a)-1A Section 1.667(a)-1A Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME... Taxable Years Beginning Before January 1, 1969 § 1.667(a)-1A Denial of refund to trusts. If an amount is...

26 CFR 1.667(a)-1A - Denial of refund to trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Denial of refund to trusts. 1.667(a)-1A Section 1.667(a)-1A Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME... Beginning Before January 1, 1969 § 1.667(a)-1A Denial of refund to trusts. If an amount is deemed under...

26 CFR 26.2654-1 - Certain trusts treated as separate trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... market value of the single trust immediately after the contribution by a fraction. The numerator of the... fraction is the fair market value of all the property in the single trust immediately after the transfer... law; and (A) The terms of the new trusts provide in the aggregate for the same succession of interests...

26 CFR 26.2654-1 - Certain trusts treated as separate trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... market value of the single trust immediately after the contribution by a fraction. The numerator of the... fraction is the fair market value of all the property in the single trust immediately after the transfer... law; and (A) The terms of the new trusts provide in the aggregate for the same succession of interests...

26 CFR 26.2654-1 - Certain trusts treated as separate trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... market value of the single trust immediately after the contribution by a fraction. The numerator of the... fraction is the fair market value of all the property in the single trust immediately after the transfer... law; and (A) The terms of the new trusts provide in the aggregate for the same succession of interests...

26 CFR 26.2654-1 - Certain trusts treated as separate trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... market value of the single trust immediately after the contribution by a fraction. The numerator of the... fraction is the fair market value of all the property in the single trust immediately after the transfer... law; and (A) The terms of the new trusts provide in the aggregate for the same succession of interests...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(21)-1 - Black lung trusts-certain terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Black lung trusts-certain terms. 1.501(c)(21)-1...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Exempt Organizations § 1.501(c)(21)-1 Black lung trusts... insurer or guarantor of the liabilities of another. (c) Black Lung Acts. The term Black Lung Acts includes...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(21)-1 - Black lung trusts-certain terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Black lung trusts-certain terms. 1.501(c)(21)-1...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Exempt Organizations § 1.501(c)(21)-1 Black lung trusts... insurer or guarantor of the liabilities of another. (c) Black Lung Acts. The term Black Lung Acts includes...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(21)-1 - Black lung trusts-certain terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Black lung trusts-certain terms. 1.501(c)(21)-1...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Exempt Organizations § 1.501(c)(21)-1 Black lung trusts... insurer or guarantor of the liabilities of another. (c) Black Lung Acts. The term Black Lung Acts includes...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(21)-1 - Black lung trusts-certain terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Black lung trusts-certain terms. 1.501(c)(21)-1...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Exempt Organizations § 1.501(c)(21)-1 Black lung trusts... insurer or guarantor of the liabilities of another. (c) Black Lung Acts. The term Black Lung Acts includes...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(21)-1 - Black lung trusts-certain terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Black lung trusts-certain terms. 1.501(c)(21)-1...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Exempt Organizations § 1.501(c)(21)-1 Black lung trusts—certain terms. (a) Created or organized in the United States. A trust is not created or organized in the...

26 CFR 301.7507-1 - Banks and trust companies covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Banks and trust companies covered. 301.7507-1... States § 301.7507-1 Banks and trust companies covered. (a) Section 7507 applies to any national bank, or bank or trust company organized under State law, a substantial portion of the business of which...

26 CFR 301.7507-1 - Banks and trust companies covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Banks and trust companies covered. 301.7507-1... States § 301.7507-1 Banks and trust companies covered. (a) Section 7507 applies to any national bank, or bank or trust company organized under State law, a substantial portion of the business of which...

Ultra-low field T1 vs. T1rho at 3T and 7T: study of rotationally immobilized protein gels and animal brain tissues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Hui; Inglis, Ben; Barr, Ian; Clarke, John

2015-03-01

Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines operating in static fields of typically 1.5 T or 3 T can capture information on slow molecular dynamics utilizing the so-called T1rho technique. This technique, in which a radiofrequency (RF) spin-lock field is applied with microtesla amplitude, has been used, for example, to determine the onset time of stroke in studies on rats. The long RF pulse, however, may exceed the specific absorption rate (SAR) limit, putting subjects at risk. Ultra-low-field (ULF) MRI, based on Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs), directly detects proton signals at a static magnetic field of typically 50-250 μT. Using our ULF MRI system with adjustable static field of typically 55 to 240 μT, we systematically measured the T1 and T2 dispersion profiles of rotationally immobilized protein gels (bovine serum albumin), ex vivo pig brains, and ex vivo rat brains with induced stroke. Comparing the ULF results with T1rho dispersion obtained at 3 T and 7 T, we find that the degree of protein immobilization determines the frequency-dependence of both T1 and T1rho. Furthermore, T1rho and ULF T1 show similar results for stroke, suggesting that ULF MRI may be used to image traumatic brain injury with negligible SAR. This research was supported by the Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center and the Donaldson Trust.

26 CFR 1.679-6 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.679-6... migrations of domestic trusts. (a) In general. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, if an individual who is a U.S. person transfers property to a trust that is not a foreign trust, and...

26 CFR 1.664-1 - Charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

....664-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates and Trusts Which May Accumulate Income Or Which Distribute Corpus § 1.664-1... taxable year beginning before January 1, 2007, in which it has unrelated business taxable income. For...

26 CFR 1.904(f)-5 - Special rules for recapture of overall foreign losses of a domestic trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the balance in the overall foreign loss account, its overall foreign loss shall be recaptured out of... examples: Example 1. T, a domestic trust, has a balance of $2,000 in a general limitation overall foreign... the end of its 1984 taxable year, T has a balance of $1,200 in its overall foreign loss account...

26 CFR 1.904(f)-5 - Special rules for recapture of overall foreign losses of a domestic trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the balance in the overall foreign loss account, its overall foreign loss shall be recaptured out of... examples: Example 1. T, a domestic trust, has a balance of $2,000 in a general limitation overall foreign... the end of its 1984 taxable year, T has a balance of $1,200 in its overall foreign loss account...

Do Reputation Systems Undermine Trust? Divergent Effects of Enforcement Type on Generalized Trust and Trustworthiness.

PubMed

Kuwabara, Ko

2015-03-01

Research shows that enforcing cooperation using contracts or tangible sanctions can backfire, undermining people's intrinsic motivation to cooperate: when the enforcement is removed, people are less trusting or trustworthy than when there is no enforcement to begin with. The author examines whether reputation systems have similar consequences for generalized trust and trustworthiness. Using a web-based experiment simulating online market transactions (studies 1 and 2), he shows that reputation systems can reinforce generalized trust and trustworthiness, unlike contractual enforcement or relational enforcement based on repeated interactions. In a survey experiment (study 3), he finds that recalling their eBay feedback scores made participants more trusting and trustworthy. These results are predicated on the diffuse nature of reputational enforcement to reinforce perceptions of trust and trustworthiness. These results have implications for understanding how different forms of governance affect generalized trust and trustworthiness.

26 CFR 1.1015-3 - Gift or transfer in trust before January 1, 1921.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the time of the gift or at the time of the transfer in trust. (b) The principles stated in paragraph... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Gift or transfer in trust before January 1... Gift or transfer in trust before January 1, 1921. (a) In the case of property acquired by gift or...

Rapid Trust Establishment for Transient Use of Unmanaged Hardware

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

unclassified b . ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Keywords: Establishing...Validate OS Trusted Host OS (From Disk) Validate App 1 Untrusted code Trusted code (a) Boot with trust initiator ( b ) Boot trusted Host OS (c) Launch...be validated. Execution of process with Id 3535 has been blocked to minimize security risks. ( b ) Notification to the user from the trust alerter

26 CFR 1.642(h)-1 - Unused loss carryovers on termination of an estate or trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... estate or trust. 1.642(h)-1 Section 1.642(h)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF....642(h)-1 Unused loss carryovers on termination of an estate or trust. (a) If, on the final termination...(h)(1) to the beneficiaries succeeding to the property of the estate or trust. See § 1.641(b)-3 for...

26 CFR 1.645-1 - Election by certain revocable trusts to be treated as part of estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... taxpayer identification numbers (TINs) and the filing of a Form 1041, “U.S. Income Tax Return for Estates... for the combined electing trusts filing as an estate during the election period. (d) TIN and filing requirements for a QRT—(1) Obtaining a TIN. Regardless of whether there is an executor for a related estate and...

Trust and health: testing the reverse causality hypothesis

PubMed Central

Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola; Lindström, Martin

2016-01-01

Background Social capital research has consistently shown positive associations between generalised trust and health outcomes over 2 decades. Longitudinal studies attempting to test causal relationships further support the theory that trust is an independent predictor of health. However, as the reverse causality hypothesis has yet to be empirically tested, a knowledge gap remains. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate if health status predicts trust. Methods Data employed in this study came from 4 waves of the British Household Panel Survey between years 2000 and 2007 (N=8114). The sample was stratified by baseline trust to investigate temporal relationships between prior self-rated health (SRH) and changes in trust. We used logistic regression models with random effects, as trust was expected to be more similar within the same individuals over time. Results From the ‘Can trust at baseline’ cohort, poor SRH at time (t−1) predicted low trust at time (t) (OR=1.38). Likewise, good health predicted high trust within the ‘Cannot’ trust cohort (OR=1.30). These patterns of positive association remained after robustness checks, which adjusted for misclassification of outcome (trust) status and the existence of other temporal pathways. Conclusions This study offers empirical evidence to support the circular nature of trust/health relationship. The stability of association between prior health status and changes in trust over time differed between cohorts, hinting at the existence of complex pathways rather than a simple positive feedback loop. PMID:26546287

26 CFR 1.641(b)-3 - Termination of estates and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Termination of estates and trusts. 1.641(b)-3...) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.641(b)-3 Termination of estates and trusts. (a) The income of an estate of a deceased person is that which is received by the...

29 CFR 2550.403b-1 - Exemptions from trust requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exemptions from trust requirement. 2550.403b-1 Section 2550.403b-1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... AND REGULATIONS FOR FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY § 2550.403b-1 Exemptions from trust requirement. (a...

Comparison of the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test Form T and Form S: Initial Item- and Subtest-Level Analyses

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-15

61 BC .17 .91 .54 BC .28 .86 .60 AI .23 .77 .45 AI .07 .78 .50 T2 N = 5,199; S2 N = 8,164 5 Subtest-Level Analyses Descriptive ...GS) to .90 (IC) for Form S2. The reliability for both Forms S1 and S2 was .83. The highest item-total correlations for both Forms T1 and S1 were...The lowest item-total correlations for T1 and S1 occurred for VA (T1, .37; S1, .27). VA also had the lowest correlation for T2 and S2; VA (T2, .37

26 CFR 1.167(h)-1 - Life tenants and beneficiaries of trusts and estates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Life tenants and beneficiaries of trusts and estates. 1.167(h)-1 Section 1.167(h)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... and Corporations § 1.167(h)-1 Life tenants and beneficiaries of trusts and estates. (a) Life tenants...

Assess and enhance public trust

Treesearch

Patricia Winter; James Absher; Alan Watson

2007-01-01

Trust is a form of social capital, facilitating effective land management, communication and collaboration. Although trust in the Forest Service is at least moderately high for most publics, evidence of a lack of trust and outright distrust has been found in some communities. However, the amount, types, and conditions of trust necessary for effective management to...

TRUST: TDRSS Resource User Support Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sparn, Thomas P.; Gablehouse, R. Daniel

1991-01-01

TRUST-TDRSS (Tracking Data and Relay Satellite System) Resource User Support Tool is presented in the form of the viewgraphs. The following subject areas are covered: TRUST development cycle; the TRUST system; scheduling window; ODM/GCMR window; TRUST architecture; surpass; and summary.

I trust it, but I don't know why: effects of implicit attitudes toward automation on trust in an automated system.

PubMed

Merritt, Stephanie M; Heimbaugh, Heather; LaChapell, Jennifer; Lee, Deborah

2013-06-01

This study is the first to examine the influence of implicit attitudes toward automation on users' trust in automation. Past empirical work has examined explicit (conscious) influences on user level of trust in automation but has not yet measured implicit influences. We examine concurrent effects of explicit propensity to trust machines and implicit attitudes toward automation on trust in an automated system. We examine differential impacts of each under varying automation performance conditions (clearly good, ambiguous, clearly poor). Participants completed both a self-report measure of propensity to trust and an Implicit Association Test measuring implicit attitude toward automation, then performed an X-ray screening task. Automation performance was manipulated within-subjects by varying the number and obviousness of errors. Explicit propensity to trust and implicit attitude toward automation did not significantly correlate. When the automation's performance was ambiguous, implicit attitude significantly affected automation trust, and its relationship with propensity to trust was additive: Increments in either were related to increases in trust. When errors were obvious, a significant interaction between the implicit and explicit measures was found, with those high in both having higher trust. Implicit attitudes have important implications for automation trust. Users may not be able to accurately report why they experience a given level of trust. To understand why users trust or fail to trust automation, measurements of implicit and explicit predictors may be necessary. Furthermore, implicit attitude toward automation might be used as a lever to effectively calibrate trust.

26 CFR 1.1015-3 - Gift or transfer in trust before January 1, 1921.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Gift or transfer in trust before January 1, 1921. 1.1015-3 Section 1.1015-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Basis Rules of General Application § 1.1015-3 Gift or transfer in trust before January 1, 1921. (a) In...

26 CFR 55.6011-1 - General requirement of return, statement, or list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Procedure and Administration § 55.6011-1 General requirement of return, statement, or... by a real estate investment trust on Form 8612 and by a regulated investment company on Form 8613. [T...

26 CFR 55.6011-1 - General requirement of return, statement, or list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Procedure and Administration § 55.6011-1 General requirement of return, statement, or... by a real estate investment trust on Form 8612 and by a regulated investment company on Form 8613. [T...

26 CFR 55.6011-1 - General requirement of return, statement, or list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Procedure and Administration § 55.6011-1 General requirement of return, statement, or... by a real estate investment trust on Form 8612 and by a regulated investment company on Form 8613. [T...

26 CFR 55.6011-1 - General requirement of return, statement, or list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Procedure and Administration § 55.6011-1 General requirement of return, statement, or... by a real estate investment trust on Form 8612 and by a regulated investment company on Form 8613. [T...

26 CFR 55.6011-1 - General requirement of return, statement, or list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Procedure and Administration § 55.6011-1 General requirement of return, statement, or... by a real estate investment trust on Form 8612 and by a regulated investment company on Form 8613. [T...

17 CFR 274.11d - Form N-6, registration statement of separate accounts organized as unit investment trusts that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... variable life insurance policies. Form N-6 shall be used as the registration statement to be filed pursuant... insurance policies to register as unit investment trusts. This form shall also be used for registration... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Form N-6, registration...

26 CFR 1.682(a)-1 - Income of trust in case of divorce, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Income of trust in case of divorce, etc. 1.682(a... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Miscellaneous § 1.682(a)-1 Income of trust in case of divorce... of the obligor spouse's minor children in the divorce or separate maintenance decree, the separation...

Toward a Trust Evaluation Mechanism in the Social Internet of Things.

PubMed

Truong, Nguyen Binh; Lee, Hyunwoo; Askwith, Bob; Lee, Gyu Myoung

2017-06-09

In the blooming era of the Internet of Things (IoT), trust has been accepted as a vital factor for provisioning secure, reliable, seamless communications and services. However, a large number of challenges still remain unsolved due to the ambiguity of the concept of trust as well as the variety of divergent trust models in different contexts. In this research, we augment the trust concept, the trust definition and provide a general conceptual model in the context of the Social IoT (SIoT) environment by breaking down all attributes influencing trust. Then, we propose a trust evaluation model called REK, comprised of the triad of trust indicators (TIs) Reputation, Experience and Knowledge. The REK model covers multi-dimensional aspects of trust by incorporating heterogeneous information from direct observation (as Knowledge TI), personal experiences (as Experience TI) to global opinions (as Reputation TI). The associated evaluation models for the three TIs are also proposed and provisioned. We then come up with an aggregation mechanism for deriving trust values as the final outcome of the REK evaluation model. We believe this article offers better understandings on trust as well as provides several prospective approaches for the trust evaluation in the SIoT environment.

Toward a Trust Evaluation Mechanism in the Social Internet of Things

PubMed Central

Truong, Nguyen Binh; Lee, Hyunwoo; Askwith, Bob; Lee, Gyu Myoung

2017-01-01

In the blooming era of the Internet of Things (IoT), trust has been accepted as a vital factor for provisioning secure, reliable, seamless communications and services. However, a large number of challenges still remain unsolved due to the ambiguity of the concept of trust as well as the variety of divergent trust models in different contexts. In this research, we augment the trust concept, the trust definition and provide a general conceptual model in the context of the Social IoT (SIoT) environment by breaking down all attributes influencing trust. Then, we propose a trust evaluation model called REK, comprised of the triad of trust indicators (TIs) Reputation, Experience and Knowledge. The REK model covers multi-dimensional aspects of trust by incorporating heterogeneous information from direct observation (as Knowledge TI), personal experiences (as Experience TI) to global opinions (as Reputation TI). The associated evaluation models for the three TIs are also proposed and provisioned. We then come up with an aggregation mechanism for deriving trust values as the final outcome of the REK evaluation model. We believe this article offers better understandings on trust as well as provides several prospective approaches for the trust evaluation in the SIoT environment. PMID:28598401

Extending trust to immigrants: Generalized trust, cross-group friendship and anti-immigrant sentiments in 21 European societies

PubMed Central

van der Linden, Meta; Hooghe, Marc; de Vroome, Thomas; Van Laar, Colette

2017-01-01

The aim of this study is twofold. First, we expand on the literature by testing whether generalized trust is negatively related to anti-immigrant sentiments in Europe. Second, we examine to what extent the relation between generalized trust and anti-immigrant sentiments is dependent upon cross-group friendships. We apply multilevel linear regression modeling to representative survey data enriched with levels of ethnic diversity covering 21 European countries. Results show that both generalized trust and cross-group friendship are negatively related to anti-immigrant sentiments. However, there is a negligible positive relation between generalized trust and cross-group friendship (r = .10), and we can clearly observe that they operate independently from one another. Hence, trusting actors are not more likely to form more cross-group friendships, and cross-group friendship do not lead to the development of more generalized trust. Instead, the findings show that generalized trust leads immigrants too to be included in the radius of trusted others and, as a consequence, the benign effects of generalized trust apply to them as well. We conclude that the strength of generalized trust is a form of generalization, beyond the confines of individual variations in intergroup experiences. PMID:28481925

Extending trust to immigrants: Generalized trust, cross-group friendship and anti-immigrant sentiments in 21 European societies.

PubMed

van der Linden, Meta; Hooghe, Marc; de Vroome, Thomas; Van Laar, Colette

2017-01-01

The aim of this study is twofold. First, we expand on the literature by testing whether generalized trust is negatively related to anti-immigrant sentiments in Europe. Second, we examine to what extent the relation between generalized trust and anti-immigrant sentiments is dependent upon cross-group friendships. We apply multilevel linear regression modeling to representative survey data enriched with levels of ethnic diversity covering 21 European countries. Results show that both generalized trust and cross-group friendship are negatively related to anti-immigrant sentiments. However, there is a negligible positive relation between generalized trust and cross-group friendship (r = .10), and we can clearly observe that they operate independently from one another. Hence, trusting actors are not more likely to form more cross-group friendships, and cross-group friendship do not lead to the development of more generalized trust. Instead, the findings show that generalized trust leads immigrants too to be included in the radius of trusted others and, as a consequence, the benign effects of generalized trust apply to them as well. We conclude that the strength of generalized trust is a form of generalization, beyond the confines of individual variations in intergroup experiences.

26 CFR 1.664-1 - Charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... manner which could result in the annual realization of a reasonable amount of income or gain from the... self-dealing. (4) Requirement that trust must meet definition of and function exclusively as a... must meet the definition of and function exclusively as a charitable remainder trust from the creation...

26 CFR 1.664-1 - Charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... manner which could result in the annual realization of a reasonable amount of income or gain from the... self-dealing. (4) Requirement that trust must meet definition of and function exclusively as a... must meet the definition of and function exclusively as a charitable remainder trust from the creation...

26 CFR 1.664-1 - Charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... manner which could result in the annual realization of a reasonable amount of income or gain from the... self-dealing. (4) Requirement that trust must meet definition of and function exclusively as a... must meet the definition of and function exclusively as a charitable remainder trust from the creation...

26 CFR 1.664-1 - Charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... manner which could result in the annual realization of a reasonable amount of income or gain from the... self-dealing. (4) Requirement that trust must meet definition of and function exclusively as a... must meet the definition of and function exclusively as a charitable remainder trust from the creation...

26 CFR 1.652(a)-1 - Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. 1.652(a)-1 Section 1.652(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Only § 1.652(a)-1 Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. Subject to the rules...

26 CFR 1.652(a)-1 - Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. 1.652(a)-1 Section 1.652(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Only § 1.652(a)-1 Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. Subject to the rules...

26 CFR 1.652(a)-1 - Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. 1.652(a)-1 Section 1.652(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Only § 1.652(a)-1 Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. Subject to the rules...

26 CFR 1.652(a)-1 - Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. 1.652(a)-1 Section 1.652(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Only § 1.652(a)-1 Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. Subject to the rules...

26 CFR 1.652(a)-1 - Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. 1.652(a)-1 Section 1.652(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE....652(a)-1 Simple trusts; inclusion of amounts in income of beneficiaries. Subject to the rules in §§ 1...

26 CFR 1.584-3 - Computation of common trust fund income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Computation of common trust fund income. 1.584-3 Section 1.584-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Banking Institutions § 1.584-3 Computation of common trust...

Trust and Society: Suggestions for Further Development of Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Trust.

PubMed

Morgner, Christian

2018-05-01

This paper addresses an apparent gap in the work of Niklas Luhmann. While the issue of trust continues to receive widespread attention in the social sciences, Luhmann's interest in this topic declined following the development of his systems theory. It is argued that this decline does not reflect any diminished relevance of trust for systems theory, but rather that the architectural remodeling of theory cannot easily be applied to the issue of trust. Here, the issue of trust is reconceptualized as a connection medium. This entails a reconstruction of Luhmann's early theory of trust, especially with regard to function and social positioning. In this context, trust can in turn be linked to the concept of medium in Luhmann's late work. As a connection medium, trust mediates between the different levels of sociality-interaction, organization, and society. These theoretical considerations are employed to develop a more applied framework for empirical research, with a brief case study from southern Italy. From this perspective, the idea of trust as society's glue is seen to be overly simplistic. The common ethical understanding that more trust leads to a better society is also questioned on the grounds that social cooperation can also lead to social sclerosis. Finally, risk and trust are shown to accommodate the formation of different cultures of trust. The paper shows how Luhmann's updated version of trust can inspire current research and enhance our understanding of how trust operates in contemporary society. © 2018 Canadian Sociological Association/La Société canadienne de sociologie.

Contextual generalized trust and immunization against the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic in the American states: A multilevel approach.

PubMed

Rönnerstrand, Björn

2016-12-01

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between contextual generalized trust and individual-level 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic immunization acceptance. A second aim was to investigate whether knowledge about the A(H1N1) pandemic mediated the association between contextual generalized trust and A(H1N1) immunization acceptance. Data from the National 2009 H1N1 Flu Survey was used. To capture contextual generalized trust, data comes from an aggregation of surveys measuring generalized trust in the American states. To investigate the association between contextual generalized trust and immunization acceptance, while taking potential individual-level confounders into account, multilevel logistic regression was used. The investigation showed contextual generalized trust to be significantly associated with immunization acceptance. However, controlling for knowledge about the A(H1N1) pandemic did not substantially affect the association between contextual generalized trust and immunization acceptance. In conclusion, contextual state-level generalized trust was associated with A(H1N1) immunization, but knowledge about A(H1N1) was not mediating this association.

Trusting patients, trusting nurses.

PubMed

Sellman, Derek

2007-01-01

The general expectation that patients should be willing to trust nurses is rarely explored or challenged despite claims of diminishing public trust in social and professional institutions. Everyday meanings of trust take account of circumstance and suggest that our understanding of what it means to trust is contextually bound. However, in the context of health care, to trust implies a particular understanding which becomes apparent when abuses of this trust are reported and acknowledged as scandals. The predominant assumption in the literature that trust is something that occurs between equally competent adults cannot explain trust in nursing precisely because of the unequal power relationships between patients on the one hand and healthcare professionals on the other. Moreover, the tendency to conflate terms such as trust, reliance, confidence and so on suggests that confusion permeates discussions of trust in nursing. In this paper, I argue in support of Annette Baier's requirement of good will (or lack of ill will) as the essential feature of trust, and outline how this account (i) enables us to make the necessary distinctions between trust on the one hand and 'trust pretenders' on the other; and (ii) lays the foundations for understanding trust in relationships, such as those between patients and nurses, where power differentials exist.

26 CFR 1.852-10 - Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... investment trusts. 1.852-10 Section 1.852-10 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-10 Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment trusts. (a) In...

The geography of trust.

PubMed

Joni, Saj-nicole A

2004-03-01

Leaders who rely forever on the same internal advisers, entrusting them with issues of ever greater sensitivity and consequence, run the risk of being sold short and possibly betrayed. Alternatively, lone-wolf leaders who trust no one may make enormous, yet preventable, mistakes when trying to sort through difficult decisions. A sophisticated understanding of trust can protect leaders from both fates. During the past decade, author and consultant Saj-nicole Joni studied leadership in more than 150 European and North American companies. Her research reveals three fundamental types of trustpersonal trust, expertise trust, and structural trust. Executives may persevere in relationships that are based on personal trust, no matter how exalted their leadership roles become. But such relationships are unlikely to remain static. They also probably won't provide the kinds of deep, often specialized knowledge leaders need. In circumstances where advisers' competence matters as much as their character, expertise trust--reliance on an adviser's ability in a specific subject--enters the picture. In organizations, leaders develop expertise trust by working closely with people who consistently demonstrate their mastery of particular subjects or processes. Structural trust refers to how roles and ambitions influence advisers' perspectives and candor. It shifts constantly as people rise through organizations. High-level structural trust can provide leaders with pure insight and information--but advisers in positions of the highest structural trust generally reside outside organizations. These advisers provide leaders with insights that their organizations cannot. High-performing leaders' most enduring--and most valuable--relationships are characterized by enormous levels of all three kinds of trust.

A multi-domain trust management model for supporting RFID applications of IoT.

PubMed

Wu, Xu; Li, Feng

2017-01-01

The use of RFID technology in complex and distributed environments often leads to a multi-domain RFID system, in which trust establishment among entities from heterogeneous domains without past interaction or prior agreed policy, is a challenge. The current trust management mechanisms in the literature do not meet the specific requirements in multi-domain RFID systems. Therefore, this paper analyzes the special challenges on trust management in multi-domain RFID systems, and identifies the implications and the requirements of the challenges on the solutions to the trust management of multi-domain RFID systems. A multi-domain trust management model is proposed, which provides a hierarchical trust management framework include a diversity of trust evaluation and establishment approaches. The simulation results and analysis show that the proposed method has excellent ability to deal with the trust relationships, better security, and higher accuracy rate.

26 CFR 1.679-6 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.679-6... Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. (a) In general. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this.... Undistributed net income for periods prior to the migration is taken into account only for purposes of...

26 CFR 1.679-6 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.679-6... Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. (a) In general. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this.... Undistributed net income for periods prior to the migration is taken into account only for purposes of...

26 CFR 1.679-6 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.679-6... Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. (a) In general. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this.... Undistributed net income for periods prior to the migration is taken into account only for purposes of...

26 CFR 1.679-6 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.679-6... Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. (a) In general. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this.... Undistributed net income for periods prior to the migration is taken into account only for purposes of...

Revealing Preconditions for Trustful Collaboration in CSCL

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gerdes, Anne

2010-01-01

This paper analyses preconditions for trust in virtual learning environments. The concept of trust is discussed with reference to cases reporting trust in cyberspace and through a philosophical clarification holding that trust in the form of self-surrender is a common characteristic of all human co-existence. In virtual learning environments,…

26 CFR 1.643(a)-8 - Certain distributions by charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...: Example 1. Deemed sale by trust. Donor contributes stock having a fair market value of $2 million to a charitable remainder unitrust with a unitrust amount of 50 percent of the net fair market value of the trust... the present value of the remainder interest passing to charity, the trust will not be treated as...

A multi-domain trust management model for supporting RFID applications of IoT

PubMed Central

Li, Feng

2017-01-01

The use of RFID technology in complex and distributed environments often leads to a multi-domain RFID system, in which trust establishment among entities from heterogeneous domains without past interaction or prior agreed policy, is a challenge. The current trust management mechanisms in the literature do not meet the specific requirements in multi-domain RFID systems. Therefore, this paper analyzes the special challenges on trust management in multi-domain RFID systems, and identifies the implications and the requirements of the challenges on the solutions to the trust management of multi-domain RFID systems. A multi-domain trust management model is proposed, which provides a hierarchical trust management framework include a diversity of trust evaluation and establishment approaches. The simulation results and analysis show that the proposed method has excellent ability to deal with the trust relationships, better security, and higher accuracy rate. PMID:28708855

26 CFR 1.858-1 - Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.858-1 Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year. (a...

26 CFR 1.858-1 - Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.858-1 Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year. (a) General rule...

26 CFR 1.858-1 - Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.858-1 Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year. (a...

26 CFR 1.858-1 - Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.858-1 Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year. (a...

26 CFR 1.858-1 - Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.858-1 Dividends paid by a real estate investment trust after close of taxable year. (a...

Trust me, I'm a researcher!: The role of trust in biomedical research.

PubMed

Kerasidou, Angeliki

2017-03-01

In biomedical research lack of trust is seen as a great threat that can severely jeopardise the whole biomedical research enterprise. Practices, such as informed consent, and also the administrative and regulatory oversight of research in the form of research ethics committees and Institutional Review Boards, are established to ensure the protection of future research subjects and, at the same time, restore public trust in biomedical research. Empirical research also testifies to the role of trust as one of the decisive factors in research participation and lack of trust as a barrier for consenting to research. However, what is often missing is a clear definition of trust. This paper seeks to address this gap. It starts with a conceptual analysis of the term trust. It compares trust with two other related terms, those of reliance and trustworthiness, and offers a defence of Baier's attribute of 'good will' a basic characteristic of trust. It, then, proceeds to consider trust in the context of biomedical research by examining two questions: First, is trust necessary in biomedical research?; and second, do increases in regulatory oversight of biomedical research also increase trust in the field? This paper argues that regulatory oversight is important for increasing reliance in biomedical research, but it does not improve trust, which remains important for biomedical research. It finishes by pointing at professional integrity as a way of promoting trust and trustworthiness in this field.

26 CFR 1.401(a)-14 - Commencement of benefits under qualified trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commencement of benefits under qualified trusts.... § 1.401(a)-14 Commencement of benefits under qualified trusts. (a) In general. Under section 401(a)(14... section 401 unless the plan of which such trust is a part provides that the payment of benefits under the...

Patients' trust in their physician--psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the "Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale".

PubMed

Bachinger, Suse Maria; Kolk, Annemarie M; Smets, Ellen M A

2009-07-01

Aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of a Dutch version of the "Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale", which intends to measure patients' trust in their physician. A random sample of internal medicine patients visiting the outpatient clinic completed the questionnaire (N=201). Dimensionality, reliability and validity of the instrument were examined. The structure of the questionnaire was best explained by a unidimensional construct. Reliability was confirmed: internal consistency was high (alpha=.88), and mean item-total correlations were all above .40. Construct validity was indicated by patients' trust in their physician correlating significantly and as hypothesized with (1) satisfaction with their physician (r=.64), (2) with the length of the patient-physician relationship (r=.28), (3) with their willingness to recommend their physician (r=.71) and (4) their unwillingness to switch their physician (r=.61). The results suggest the Dutch version of the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale to be a psychometrically sound instrument to assess patients' interpersonal trust. Trust is a key feature of the patient-physician relationship, yet has been scarcely researched in other than Anglophone cultures. An adequate Dutch trust questionnaire forms the first step to gaining more knowledge about patient-physician trust in another culture and health care setting.

Trust in prescription drug brand websites: website trust cues, attitude toward the website, and behavioral intentions.

PubMed

Huh, Jisu; Shin, Wonsun

2014-01-01

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug brand websites, as a form of DTC advertising, are receiving increasing attention due to the growing number and importance as an ad and a consumer information source. This study examined consumer trust in a DTC website as an important factor influencing consumers' attitude toward the website and behavioral intention. Applying the conceptual framework of website trust, the particular focus of investigation was the effect of the website trust cue factor on consumers' perceived DTC website trust and subsequent attitudinal and behavioral responses. Results show a significant relation between the website trust cue factor and consumers' perceived DTC website trust. Perceived DTC website trust, in turn, was found to be significantly associated with consumers' attitude toward the DTC website and behavioral intention.

Applying Lessons of Trust in Future Command Arrangements

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-19

Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited Applying Lessons of Trust in Future Command Arrangements A Monograph by Major Robert V...currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 09-05-2011 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) SAMS Monograph 2...Distribution Unlimited 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES This monograph elucidates lessons of trust learned

Trust metrics in information fusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blasch, Erik

2014-05-01

Trust is an important concept for machine intelligence and is not consistent across many applications. In this paper, we seek to understand trust from a variety of factors: humans, sensors, communications, intelligence processing algorithms and human-machine displays of information. In modeling the various aspects of trust, we provide an example from machine intelligence that supports the various attributes of measuring trust such as sensor accuracy, communication timeliness, machine processing confidence, and display throughput to convey the various attributes that support user acceptance of machine intelligence results. The example used is fusing video and text whereby an analyst needs trust information in the identified imagery track. We use the proportional conflict redistribution rule as an information fusion technique that handles conflicting data from trusted and mistrusted sources. The discussion of the many forms of trust explored in the paper seeks to provide a systems-level design perspective for information fusion trust quantification.

26 CFR 1.663(c)-3 - Applicability of separate share rule to certain trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... under applicable law do not constitute separate trusts) for each of the testator's children and the... trusts. 1.663(c)-3 Section 1.663(c)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates and Trusts Which May Accumulate Income Or...

Integrated Social and QoS Trust-Based Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Delay Tolerant Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-15

d-connectivity, honesty, or unselfishness) with: encounter*,. , A ^// m = / (3) {•p ounter,x r. , . .-, ( Ti x m (t), ifm =j ^indirect. X, T...take into account node »’ s belief in node m in the calculation ofT(jreet’ x(t + At). This models the decay of trust as trust is derived from a distant...directly based on node /’ s past experiences with node m up to time t + At, including the current encounter. Taking the fact that /? a + /?2 = 1, we obtain

How Residents Develop Trust in Interns: A Multi-Institutional Mixed-Methods Study.

PubMed

Sheu, Leslie; O'Sullivan, Patricia S; Aagaard, Eva M; Tad-Y, Darlene; Harrell, Heather E; Kogan, Jennifer R; Nixon, James; Hollander, Harry; Hauer, Karen E

2016-10-01

Although residents trust interns to provide patient care, little is known about how trust forms. Using a multi-institutional mixed-methods study design, the authors interviewed (March-September 2014) internal medicine (IM) residents in their second or third postgraduate year at a single institution to address how they develop trust in interns. Transcript analysis using grounded theory yielded a model for resident trust. Authors tested (January-March 2015) the model with residents from five IM programs using a two-section quantitative survey (38 items; 31 rated 0 = not at all to 100 = very much; 7 rated 0 = strongly disagree to 100 = strongly agree) to identify influences on how residents form trust. Qualitative analysis of 29 interviews yielded 14 themes within five previously identified factors of trust (resident, intern, relationship, task, and context). Of 478 residents, 376 (78.7%) completed the survey. Factor analysis yielded 11 factors that influence trust. Respondents rated interns' characteristics (reliability, competence, and propensity to make errors) highest when indicating importance to trust (respective means 86.3 [standard deviation = 9.7], 76.4 [12.9], and 75.8 [20.0]). They also rated contextual factors highly as influencing trust (access to an electronic medical record, duty hours, and patient characteristics; respective means 79.8 [15.3], 73.1 [14.4], and 71.9 [20.0]). Residents form trust based on primarily intern- and context-specific factors. Residents appear to consider trust in a way that prioritizes interns' execution of essential patient care tasks safely within the complexities and constraints of the hospital environment.

26 CFR 1.643(d)-1 - Definition of “foreign trust created by a United States person”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of âforeign trust created by a United States personâ. 1.643(d)-1 Section 1.643(d)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1...

26 CFR 1.857-7 - Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Earnings and profits of a real estate investment... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-7 Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust. (a) Any real estate investment trust whether or not such trust...

Trust in decision-making authorities dictates the form of the interactive relationship between outcome fairness and procedural fairness.

PubMed

Bianchi, Emily C; Brockner, Joel; van den Bos, Kees; Seifert, Matthias; Moon, Henry; van Dijke, Marius; De Cremer, David

2015-01-01

Reactions to decisions are shaped by both outcome and procedural fairness. Moreover, outcome and procedural fairness interact to influence beliefs and behaviors. However, different types of "process/outcome" interaction effects have emerged. Many studies have shown that people react particularly negatively when they receive unfair or unfavorable outcomes accompanied by unfair procedures (the "low-low" interactive pattern). However, others find that people react especially positively when they receive fair or favorable outcomes accompanied by fair procedures (the "high-high" interactive pattern). We propose that trust in decision-making authorities dictates the form of the process/outcome interaction. Across three studies, when trust was high, the "low-low" interactive pattern emerged. When trust was low, the "high-high" interactive pattern emerged. The findings suggest that when people's experience of outcome and procedural fairness diverged from how they expected to be treated, they reacted in the direction of their experiences; otherwise, their reactions were consistent with their expectations. © 2014 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Parenting practices and the development of adolescents' social trust.

PubMed

Wray-Lake, Laura; Flanagan, Constance A

2012-06-01

Social trust (ST) (i.e., beliefs that people are generally fair and trustworthy) is a critical disposition for democratic governance. Yet there has been scant research on its developmental foundations. We assess factors related to ST in 11-18 year olds with survey data collected over two years from 1150 U.S. adolescents and their mothers. Adolescents' ST in year 1 and their reports of a positive neighborhood climate predicted ST one year later. Adolescents' reports of family practices were stronger predictors of their ST than were mothers' reports. Regression analyses revealed different factors predicting changes in ST for three adolescent age groups: With ST at T1 and background factors controlled, democratic parenting boosted ST for early- and middle-adolescents. Adolescents' reports that parents encouraged compassion for others boosted ST for middle- and late-adolescents, and parental cautions about other people taking advantage diminished ST among middle adolescents. Results suggest that the disposition to trust others is formed, in part, by what adolescents hear from parents about their responsibilities to fellow human beings and by modeling of democratic parenting. Copyright © 2011 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Isoguanine quartets formed by d(T4isoG4T4): tetraplex identification and stability.

PubMed Central

Seela, F; Wei, C; Melenewski, A

1996-01-01

The self-aggregation of the oligonucleotide d(T4isoG4T4) (1) is investigated. Based on ion exchange HPLC experiments and CD spectroscopy, a tetrameric structure is identified. This structure was formed in the presence of sodium ions and shows almost the same chromatographic mobility on ion exchange HPLC as d(T4G4T4) (2). The ratio of aggregate versus monomer is temperature dependent and the tetraplex of [d(T4isoG4T4)]4 is more stable than that of [d(T4G4T4)]4. A mixture of d(T4isoG4T4) and d(T4G4T4) forms mixed tetraplexes containing strands of d(T4isoG4T4) and d(T4G4T4). PMID:9016664

75 FR 74935 - Rescission of Form T-1, Trust Annual Report; Requiring Subsidiary Organization Reporting on the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-01

.... These provisions include LMRDA Title II financial reporting and disclosure requirements for labor.... The labor organization annual financial reports required by section 201(b) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 431(b... financial condition and operations for its preceding fiscal year.'' The Form LM-2 Annual Report, the most...

Active form Notch4 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lai, Peng-Yeh; Tsai, Chong-Bin; Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, ROC

2013-01-18

Highlights: ► Notch4IC modulates the ERK pathway and cell cycle to promote 3T3-L1 proliferation. ► Notch4IC facilitates 3T3-L1 differentiation by up-regulating proadipogenic genes. ► Notch4IC promotes proliferation during the early stage of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. ► Notch4IC enhances differentiation during subsequent stages of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. -- Abstract: Adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes, which differentiate from precursor cells in a process called adipogenesis. Many signal molecules are involved in the transcriptional control of adipogenesis, including the Notch pathway. Previous adipogenic studies of Notch have focused on Notch1 and HES1; however, the role of other Notch receptors in adipogenesis remains unclear. Q-RT-PCRmore » analyses showed that the augmentation of Notch4 expression during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was comparable to that of Notch1. To elucidate the role of Notch4 in adipogenesis, the human active form Notch4 (N4IC) was transiently transfected into 3T3-L1 cells. The expression of HES1, Hey1, C/EBPδ and PPARγ was up-regulated, and the expression of Pref-1, an adipogenic inhibitor, was down-regulated. To further characterize the effect of N4IC in adipogenesis, stable cells expressing human N4IC were established. The expression of N4IC promoted proliferation and enhanced differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells compared with those of control cells. These data suggest that N4IC promoted proliferation through modulating the ERK pathway and the cell cycle during the early stage of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and facilitated differentiation through up-regulating adipogenic genes such as C/EBPα, PPARγ, aP2, LPL and HSL during the middle and late stages of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis.« less

The enemies of trust.

PubMed

Galford, Robert; Drapeau, Anne Seibold

2003-02-01

Researchers have established that trust is critical to organizational effectiveness. Being trustworthy yourself, however, does not guarantee that you are capable of building trust in an organization. That takes old-fashioned managerial virtues like consistency, clear communication, and a willingness to tackle awkward questions. It also requires a good defense: You must protect trust from its enemies. Any act of bad management erodes trust, so the list of potential enemies is endless. Among the most common enemies of trust, though, are inconsistent messages from top management, inconsistent standards, a willingness to tolerate incompetence or bad behavior, dishonest feedback, a failure to trust others to do good work, a tendency to ignore painful or politically charged situations, consistent corporate underperformance, and rumors. Fending off these enemies must be at the top of every chief executive's agenda. But even with constant vigilance, an organization and its leaders will sometimes lose people's trust. During a crisis, managers should enlist the help of an objective third party--chances are you won't be thinking clearly--and be available physically and emotionally. If you "go dark" in the face of a crisis, employees will worry about the company's survival, about their own capacity to cope, and about your abilities as a leader. And if trust has broken down so badly that your only choice is to start over, you can do so by figuring out exactly how the breach of trust happened, ascertaining the depth and breadth of the loss, owning up to the loss instead of downplaying it, and identifying as precisely as possible the specific changes you must make to rebuild trust.

26 CFR 1.857-6 - Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts. 1.857-6 Section 1.857-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Trusts § 1.857-6 Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts. (a) Ordinary income...

Compliance with recommendations for pandemic influenza H1N1 2009: the role of trust and personal beliefs.

PubMed

Prati, Gabriele; Pietrantoni, Luca; Zani, Bruna

2011-10-01

To investigate the relationship between risk perception, worry, control, trust, exposure to an educational campaign, media exaggeration with recommendations for pandemic influenza H1N1 2009. Cross sectional telephone survey using random digit dialing. A total of 1010 adult Italians were interviewed by telephone between 16 and 19 February 2010. The survey instrument included demographic data, measures on risk perception, worry, trust and compliance with recommendations for pandemic influenza H1N1 2009. Controlling for socio-demographic variables, compliance with all the recommended behaviors was associated with media trust, trust in the Ministry of Health, worry and perceived severity of illness. Perceptions that the risk of catching pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 is high, that the authorities are acting in the public's best interest in dealing with it, that the media had exaggerated the risks of catching it and that people can control their risk of catching it were associated with compliance with some recommended behaviors even after considering effects of socio-demographic characteristics. The results underscore the importance of building public trust and to consider the influence of risk perception and affective response in promoting compliance with recommended behaviors.

How Navigating Uncertainty Motivates Trust in Medicine.

PubMed

Imber, Jonathan B

2017-04-01

Three significant factors in the shaping of modern medicine contribute to broad perceptions about trust in the patient-physician relationship: moral, professional, and epidemiological uncertainty. Trusting a physician depends first on trusting a person, then trusting a person's skills and training, and finally trusting the science that underwrites those skills. This essay, in part based on my book, Trusting Doctors: The Decline of Moral Authority in American Medicine (Princeton University Press, 2008), will address the forms of uncertainty that contribute to the nature of difficult encounters in the patient-physician relationship. © 2017 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.

Particularized trust, generalized trust, and immigrant self-rated health: cross-national analysis of World Values Survey.

PubMed

Kim, H H-S

2018-05-01

This research examined the associations between two types of trust, generalized and particularized, and self-rated health among immigrants. Data were drawn from the World Values Survey (WVS6), the latest wave of cross-sectional surveys based on face-to-face interviews. The immigrant subsample analyzed herein contains 3108 foreign-born individuals clustered from 51 countries. Given the hierarchically nested data, two-level logistic regressions models were estimated using HLM (Hierarchical Linear Modeling) 7.1. At the individual level, net of socio-economic and demographic factors (age, gender, marital status, education, income, neighborhood security, and subjective well-being), particularized trust was positively related to physical health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, P < .001). Generalized trust, however, was not a significant predictor. At the country level, based on alternative models, the aggregate measure of particularized trust was negatively associated with subjective health. The odds of being healthy were on average about 30% lower. The interdisciplinary literature on social determinants of health has largely focused on the salubrious impact of trust and other forms of social capital on physical well-being. Many previous studies based on general, not immigrant, populations also did not differentiate between generalized and particularized types of trust. Results from this study suggest that this conceptual distinction is critical in understanding how and to what extent the two are differentially related to immigrant well-being across multiple levels of analysis. Copyright © 2018 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A trust-based recommendation method using network diffusion processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Ling-Jiao; Gao, Jian

2018-09-01

A variety of rating-based recommendation methods have been extensively studied including the well-known collaborative filtering approaches and some network diffusion-based methods, however, social trust relations are not sufficiently considered when making recommendations. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by proposing a trust-based recommendation method, named CosRA+T, after integrating the information of trust relations into the resource-redistribution process. Specifically, a tunable parameter is used to scale the resources received by trusted users before the redistribution back to the objects. Interestingly, we find an optimal scaling parameter for the proposed CosRA+T method to achieve its best recommendation accuracy, and the optimal value seems to be universal under several evaluation metrics across different datasets. Moreover, results of extensive experiments on the two real-world rating datasets with trust relations, Epinions and FriendFeed, suggest that CosRA+T has a remarkable improvement in overall accuracy, diversity and novelty. Our work takes a step towards designing better recommendation algorithms by employing multiple resources of social network information.

26 CFR 1.857-2 - Real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Real estate investment trust taxable income and... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-2 Real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain. (a) Real estate investment trust...

26 CFR 1.857-2 - Real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Real estate investment trust taxable income and... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-2 Real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain. (a) Real estate investment trust...

26 CFR 1.857-2 - Real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Real estate investment trust taxable income and... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-2 Real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain. (a) Real estate investment trust...

26 CFR 1.857-2 - Real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Real estate investment trust taxable income and... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-2 Real estate investment trust taxable income and net capital gain. (a) Real estate investment trust...

The Value of Trust to Nursing.

PubMed

Rutherford, Marcella M

2014-01-01

Trust, one of nursing's intangible assets, impacts nurses' ability to form meaningful relationships with patients and this connection positively impacts health outcomes. Linking trust to the fabric of nursing and investing in its measurement will become essential to nursing's valuation and the resulting investment in nursing. Trust, as nursing's core value, should be fostered by nurse educators as they prepare the next generation of nurses. Nurse administrators should connect the trust a patient has for his or her nurse and patient cooperation and honest transparent communication between providers and the patient. Banking trust as a valuable nursing asset will substantiate nursing's marketing and support its worth. Nursing's trustworthiness is an intangible asset that warrants protection, as trust once lost is hard to recapture.

I Just Don't Trust Them: The Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument to Measure Trust in Science and Scientists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nadelson, Louis; Jorcyk, Cheryl; Yang, Dazhi; Jarratt Smith, Mary; Matson, Sam; Cornell, Ken; Husting, Virginia

2014-01-01

Trust in science and scientists can greatly influence consideration of scientific developments and activities. Yet, trust is a nebulous construct based on emotions, knowledge, beliefs, and relationships. As we explored the literature regarding trust in science and scientists we discovered that no instruments were available to assess the construct,…

26 CFR 1.58-6 - Regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Regulated investment companies; real estate... their shareholders and real estate investment trusts (as defined in section 856) and their shareholders... real estate investment trust, accelerated depreciation on section 1250 property (sections 57(a)(2) and...

26 CFR 1.58-6 - Regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Regulated investment companies; real estate... their shareholders and real estate investment trusts (as defined in section 856) and their shareholders... real estate investment trust, accelerated depreciation on section 1250 property (sections 57(a)(2) and...

26 CFR 1.58-6 - Regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Regulated investment companies; real estate... their shareholders and real estate investment trusts (as defined in section 856) and their shareholders... real estate investment trust, accelerated depreciation on section 1250 property (sections 57(a)(2) and...

26 CFR 1.857-7 - Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Earnings and profits of a real estate investment... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-7 Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust. (a) Any real estate investment trust whether or not...

26 CFR 1.857-7 - Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Earnings and profits of a real estate investment... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-7 Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust. (a) Any real estate investment trust whether or not...

26 CFR 1.857-7 - Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Earnings and profits of a real estate investment... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-7 Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust. (a) Any real estate investment trust whether or not...

26 CFR 1.857-7 - Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Earnings and profits of a real estate investment... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-7 Earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust. (a) Any real estate investment trust whether or not...

26 CFR 1.852-10 - Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... investment trusts. 1.852-10 Section 1.852-10 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-10 Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment...

26 CFR 1.852-10 - Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... investment trusts. 1.852-10 Section 1.852-10 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-10 Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment...

26 CFR 1.852-10 - Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... investment trusts. 1.852-10 Section 1.852-10 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-10 Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment...

26 CFR 1.852-10 - Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... investment trusts. 1.852-10 Section 1.852-10 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-10 Distributions in redemption of interests in unit investment...

26 CFR 53.4952-1 - Black lung trusts-taxes on taxable expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 17 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Black lung trusts-taxes on taxable expenditures... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) FOUNDATION AND SIMILAR EXCISE TAXES Black Lung Benefit Trust Excise Taxes § 53.4952-1 Black lung trusts—taxes on taxable expenditures. (a) In general. Section...

26 CFR 53.4952-1 - Black lung trusts-taxes on taxable expenditures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 17 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Black lung trusts-taxes on taxable expenditures... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) FOUNDATION AND SIMILAR EXCISE TAXES Black Lung Benefit Trust Excise Taxes § 53.4952-1 Black lung trusts—taxes on taxable expenditures. (a) In general. Section...

26 CFR 53.4951-1 - Black lung trusts-taxes on self-dealing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 17 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Black lung trusts-taxes on self-dealing. 53... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) FOUNDATION AND SIMILAR EXCISE TAXES Black Lung Benefit Trust Excise Taxes § 53.4951-1 Black lung trusts—taxes on self-dealing. (a) In general. Section 4951...

26 CFR 53.4951-1 - Black lung trusts-taxes on self-dealing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 17 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Black lung trusts-taxes on self-dealing. 53... (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) FOUNDATION AND SIMILAR EXCISE TAXES Black Lung Benefit Trust Excise Taxes § 53.4951-1 Black lung trusts—taxes on self-dealing. (a) In general. Section 4951...

26 CFR 1.643(a)-8 - Certain distributions by charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.643(a)-8... prevent the avoidance of the purposes of the charitable remainder trust rules regarding the...)(2) and $198,000 is characterized as a tax-free return of corpus under section 664(b)(4). No part of...

26 CFR 1.172-10 - Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Net operating losses of real estate investment... (continued) § 1.172-10 Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts. (a) Taxable years to which a loss may be carried. (1) A net operating loss sustained by a qualified real estate investment trust (as...

Trust-based environmental regulation.

PubMed

Lange, Bettina; Gouldson, Andy

2010-10-15

Within this paper, we examine the contribution that trust-based relationships can make to achieving better-and particularly more effective, efficient and equitable-environmental regulation. While levels of trust in regulators, regulatory processes and outcomes are often discussed, the influence of trust on different actors and on different measures of regulatory performance is poorly understood. Within this paper, we define trust-based environmental regulation as a specific regulatory style that involves openness and cooperation in interaction between regulated, regulators and third-party stakeholders in order to achieve environmental protection objectives. We then discuss the pros and cons of trust relationships between regulators, regulated businesses and citizens for achieving behavioural change towards greater environmental protection. To illustrate the significance of these issues, we then examine three forms of contractual regulatory style where trust relationships are critically important: responsive regulation, self-regulation and environmental agreements. Based on this analysis, we highlight the importance of trust-based relationships, and we argue that one of the greatest contributions of trust-based environmental regulation is to challenge how we think about regulation. Trust is often understood as enabling existing regulatory relationships or in the case of self-regulation as a complement to regulation. However, we argue that the real potential of trust is to open up new ways for participants in regulatory regimes to engage in collective action, to go beyond a perception of regulation as driven by the competing interests of individual actors, and thus, to open up new channels of influence for behavioural change towards greater environmental protection. Our analysis therefore has great relevance for future research and for on-going debates on the future of regulation. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Trust Building in Virtual Communities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mezgár, István

By using different types of communication networks various groups of people can come together according to their private or business interest forming a Virtual Community. In these communities cooperation and collaboration plays an important role. As trust is the base of all human interactions this fact is even more valid in case of virtual communities. According to different experiments the level of trust in virtual communities is highly influenced by the way/mode of communication and by the duration of contact. The paper discusses the ways of trust building focusing on communication technologies and security aspects in virtual communities.

26 CFR 1.643(h)-1 - Distributions by certain foreign trusts through intermediaries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... intermediaries. 1.643(h)-1 Section 1.643(h)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.643(h)-1... section, FT is deemed to have distributed XYZ stock with a value of 85X to C on December 1, 2001. (h...

26 CFR 1.857-6 - Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-6 Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts. (a) Ordinary income... receiving dividends from a real estate investment trust shall include such dividends in gross income for the...

26 CFR 1.857-6 - Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-6 Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts. (a) Ordinary income... receiving dividends from a real estate investment trust shall include such dividends in gross income for the...

26 CFR 1.857-6 - Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-6 Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts. (a) Ordinary income... receiving dividends from a real estate investment trust shall include such dividends in gross income for the...

Trust is a must: What is involved in trusting those who manage forest fires?

Treesearch

Adam Liljeblad; Bill Borrie; Alan Watson

2010-01-01

Trust is a complicated emotion. In the past, many social scientists have studied trust. They discovered that trust involves a number of beliefs and emotions. The scientists in this study were interested in learning more about trust. They believed that forest managers can do a better job if people trust them to do what is best for citizens and the environment (figure 1...

Longitudinal investigation of public trust in institutions relative to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Switzerland.

PubMed

Bangerter, Adrian; Krings, Franciska; Mouton, Audrey; Gilles, Ingrid; Green, Eva G T; Clémence, Alain

2012-01-01

The 2009 H1N1 pandemic left a legacy of mistrust in the public relative to how outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases are managed. To prepare for future outbreaks, it is crucial to explore the phenomenon of public trust in the institutions responsible for managing disease outbreaks. We investigated the evolution of public trust in institutions during and after the 2009 pandemic in Switzerland. We also explored respondents' perceptions of the prevention campaign and the roles of the government and media. A two-wave longitudinal survey was mailed to 2,400 members of the Swiss public. Wave 1 was in Spring 2009. Wave 2 was in Spring 2010. Six hundred and two participants responded in both waves. Participants indicated moderate to high levels of trust in medical organizations, the WHO, the Swiss government, the pharmaceutical industry, and the EU. On the other hand, trust in the media was low. Moreover, trust in almost all institutions decreased over time. Participants were satisfied with the amount of information received and indicated having followed official recommendations, but widespread concerns about the vaccine were evident. A large majority of participants agreed the vaccine might have unknown or undesirable side effects. Perceptions of the government's and the media's role in handling the outbreak were characterized by a substantial degree of skepticism and mistrust. Results show clear patterns of skepticism and mistrust on the part of the public relative to various institutions and their actions. Results underscore the importance of systematically investigating trust of the public relative to epidemics. Moreover, studies investigating the evolution of the public's memories of the pandemic over the coming years may be important to understand reactions to future pandemics. A systematic research program on trust can inform public health communication campaigns, enabling tailored communication initiatives.

Longitudinal Investigation of Public Trust in Institutions Relative to the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic in Switzerland

PubMed Central

Bangerter, Adrian; Krings, Franciska; Mouton, Audrey; Gilles, Ingrid; Green, Eva G. T.; Clémence, Alain

2012-01-01

Background The 2009 H1N1 pandemic left a legacy of mistrust in the public relative to how outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases are managed. To prepare for future outbreaks, it is crucial to explore the phenomenon of public trust in the institutions responsible for managing disease outbreaks. We investigated the evolution of public trust in institutions during and after the 2009 pandemic in Switzerland. We also explored respondents’ perceptions of the prevention campaign and the roles of the government and media. Methodology/Principal Findings A two-wave longitudinal survey was mailed to 2,400 members of the Swiss public. Wave 1 was in Spring 2009. Wave 2 was in Spring 2010. Six hundred and two participants responded in both waves. Participants indicated moderate to high levels of trust in medical organizations, the WHO, the Swiss government, the pharmaceutical industry, and the EU. On the other hand, trust in the media was low. Moreover, trust in almost all institutions decreased over time. Participants were satisfied with the amount of information received and indicated having followed official recommendations, but widespread concerns about the vaccine were evident. A large majority of participants agreed the vaccine might have unknown or undesirable side effects. Perceptions of the government’s and the media’s role in handling the outbreak were characterized by a substantial degree of skepticism and mistrust. Conclusions/Significance Results show clear patterns of skepticism and mistrust on the part of the public relative to various institutions and their actions. Results underscore the importance of systematically investigating trust of the public relative to epidemics. Moreover, studies investigating the evolution of the public’s memories of the pandemic over the coming years may be important to understand reactions to future pandemics. A systematic research program on trust can inform public health communication campaigns, enabling tailored

26 CFR 1.662(a)-1 - Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general. 1.662(a)-1 Section 1.662(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Estates and Trusts Which May Accumulate Income Or Which Distribute Corpus § 1.662(a)-1 Inclusion of...

26 CFR 1.662(a)-1 - Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general. 1.662(a)-1 Section 1.662(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Estates and Trusts Which May Accumulate Income Or Which Distribute Corpus § 1.662(a)-1 Inclusion of...

26 CFR 1.662(a)-1 - Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general. 1.662(a)-1 Section 1.662(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Estates and Trusts Which May Accumulate Income Or Which Distribute Corpus § 1.662(a)-1 Inclusion of...

26 CFR 1.662(a)-1 - Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general. 1.662(a)-1 Section 1.662(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Estates and Trusts Which May Accumulate Income Or Which Distribute Corpus § 1.662(a)-1 Inclusion of...

26 CFR 1.645-1 - Election by certain revocable trusts to be treated as part of estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Election by certain revocable trusts to be... and, to the knowledge and belief of the trustee, one will not be appointed; and (F) If an executor is... Revenue Service issues an estate tax closing letter accepting the Form 706 as filed on March 15, 2005. The...

26 CFR 1.645-1 - Election by certain revocable trusts to be treated as part of estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Election by certain revocable trusts to be... and, to the knowledge and belief of the trustee, one will not be appointed; and (F) If an executor is... Revenue Service issues an estate tax closing letter accepting the Form 706 as filed on March 15, 2005. The...

26 CFR 1.645-1 - Election by certain revocable trusts to be treated as part of estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Election by certain revocable trusts to be... and, to the knowledge and belief of the trustee, one will not be appointed; and (F) If an executor is... Revenue Service issues an estate tax closing letter accepting the Form 706 as filed on March 15, 2005. The...

26 CFR 1.645-1 - Election by certain revocable trusts to be treated as part of estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Election by certain revocable trusts to be... and, to the knowledge and belief of the trustee, one will not be appointed; and (F) If an executor is... Revenue Service issues an estate tax closing letter accepting the Form 706 as filed on March 15, 2005. The...

26 CFR 1.662(a)-1 - Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and complex trusts; general. 1.662(a)-1 Section 1.662(a)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL... Trusts Which May Accumulate Income Or Which Distribute Corpus § 1.662(a)-1 Inclusion of amounts in gross...

[Trust and reliability in surgery].

PubMed

Weigel, T F; Hanisch, E; Buia, A; Hessler, C

2017-03-01

Social interactions are hardly possible without trust. Medical and in particular surgical actions can change the lives of people directly and indirectly existentially. Thus, the relationship between doctor and patient is a special form of social interaction, and will be hard to find anywhere else. The nature of the doctor-patient relationship also determines the success of a treatment. The core and the importance of trust, as a central part of this relationship, will be reconstructed in the present paper. The increasing possibilities of information acquisition in modern societies, and the ever-present need for transparency, impact more and more on the doctor-patient relationship. At first glance, concepts of trust seem to be of secondary importance. The current developments regarding the remuneration of services in the medical system likewise bear the risk to increasingly determine the importance of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. However, it is necessary to delineate reliability from trust. Due to the conditions which are constitutive for the operational disciplines, a climate of trust, even in a modern information society, is more necessary than ever.

26 CFR 1.1015-2 - Transfer of property in trust after December 31, 1920.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Transfer of property in trust after December 31, 1920. 1.1015-2 Section 1.1015-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Basis Rules of General Application § 1.1015-2 Transfer of property in trust after December 31, 192...

26 CFR 1.1445-8 - Special rules regarding publicly traded partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate investment trusts (REITs). 1.1445-8 Section 1.1445-8... real estate investment trusts (REITs). (a) Entities to which this section applies. The rules of this... estates upon the disposition of U.S. real property interests. Except as otherwise provided in this...

26 CFR 1.1445-8 - Special rules regarding publicly traded partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate investment trusts (REITs). 1.1445-8 Section 1.1445-8... real estate investment trusts (REITs). (a) Entities to which this section applies. The rules of this... estates upon the disposition of U.S. real property interests. Except as otherwise provided in this...

26 CFR 1.1445-8 - Special rules regarding publicly traded partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate investment trusts (REITs). 1.1445-8 Section 1.1445-8... real estate investment trusts (REITs). (a) Entities to which this section applies. The rules of this... estates upon the disposition of U.S. real property interests. Except as otherwise provided in this...

26 CFR 1.1445-8 - Special rules regarding publicly traded partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate investment trusts (REITs). 1.1445-8 Section 1.1445-8... real estate investment trusts (REITs). (a) Entities to which this section applies. The rules of this... estates upon the disposition of U.S. real property interests. Except as otherwise provided in this...

Public Trust in Health Information Sharing: A Measure of System Trust.

PubMed

Platt, Jodyn E; Jacobson, Peter D; Kardia, Sharon L R

2018-04-01

To measure public trust in a health information sharing in a broadly defined health system (system trust), inclusive of health care, public health, and research; to identify individual characteristics that predict system trust; and to consider these findings in the context of national health initiatives (e.g., learning health systems and precision medicine) that will expand the scope of data sharing. Survey data (n = 1,011) were collected in February 2014. We constructed a composite index of four dimensions of system trust-competency, fidelity, integrity, and trustworthiness. The index was used in linear regression evaluating demographic and psychosocial predictors of system trust. Data were collected by GfK Custom using a nationally representative sample and analyzed in Stata 13.0. Our findings suggest the public's trust may not meet the needs of health systems as they enter an era of expanded data sharing. We found that a majority of the U.S. public does not trust the organizations that have health information and share it (i.e., the health system) in one or more dimensions. Together, demographic and psychosocial factors accounted for ~18 percent of the observed variability in system trust. Future research should consider additional predictors of system trust such as knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to inform policies and practices for health data sharing. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

Seismic data restoration with a fast L1 norm trust region method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Jingjie; Wang, Yanfei

2014-08-01

Seismic data restoration is a major strategy to provide reliable wavefield when field data dissatisfy the Shannon sampling theorem. Recovery by sparsity-promoting inversion often get sparse solutions of seismic data in a transformed domains, however, most methods for sparsity-promoting inversion are line-searching methods which are efficient but are inclined to obtain local solutions. Using trust region method which can provide globally convergent solutions is a good choice to overcome this shortcoming. A trust region method for sparse inversion has been proposed, however, the efficiency should be improved to suitable for large-scale computation. In this paper, a new L1 norm trust region model is proposed for seismic data restoration and a robust gradient projection method for solving the sub-problem is utilized. Numerical results of synthetic and field data demonstrate that the proposed trust region method can get excellent computation speed and is a viable alternative for large-scale computation.

26 CFR 1.642(h)-2 - Excess deductions on termination of an estate or trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... trust. 1.642(h)-2 Section 1.642(h)-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates, Trusts, and Beneficiaries § 1.642(h)-2...)) in excess of gross income, the excess is allowed under section 642(h)(2) as a deduction to the...

Integrating Subjective Trust into Networked Infrastructures

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-22

architectural framework for hexperimenting wit trust. • Use of semantic technologies incorporated into h b id b d t t t ta y r - ase rus managemen ...Language for Operation PI Persistent Identifier PILOW P i t t Id tifi T blers s en en er a es PINL Persistent Identifier Networking Layer SBIR Small...Investigate and propose an architecture to determine/measure and convey th t t l l f th i l t ie rus eve o e var ous e emen s n a distributed or

The Role of Social Trust in Reducing Long-Term Truancy and Forming Human Capital in Japan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yamamura, Eiji

2011-01-01

This paper attempts to examine how social trust influences human capital formation using prefectural level data in Japan. To this end, I constructed a proxy for social trust, based on the Japanese General Social Surveys. After controlling for socioeconomic factors, I found that social trust plays an important role in reducing the rate of long-term…

In regulation we trust.

PubMed

Wiig, Siri; Tharaldsen, Jorunn Elise

2012-01-01

The role of trust has been argued to play an increasingly important role in modern, complex, and ambivalent risk societies. Trust within organizational research is anticipated to have a general strategic impact on aspects such as organizational performance, communication and knowledge exchange, and learning from accidents. Trust is also an important aspect related to regulation of risk. Diverse regulatory regimes, their contexts and risks influence regulators use of trust and distrust in regulatory practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relationship between risk regulation and trust across diverse risk regulation regimes. By drawing from studies of risk regulation, risk perception, and trust the purpose is to discuss how regulation and trust are linked and used in practice to control risk across system levels in socio-technical systems in high risk industries. This paper provides new knowledge on 1) how functional and dysfunctional trust and distrust are grounded in the empirical realities of high risk industries, 2) how different perspectives on trust and distrust act together and bring new knowledge on how society control risk.

Clinical heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes (T1D) found in Asia.

PubMed

Park, Yongsoo; Wintergerst, Kupper A; Zhou, Zhiguang

2017-10-01

Diabetes mellitus among young patients in Asia is caused by a complex set of factors. Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains the most common form of diabetes in children, the recent unabated increase in obesity has resulted in the emergence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a new type of diabetes among adolescents and young adults. In addition to the typical autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1aD) and T2D patients, there is a variable incidence of cases of non-autoimmune types of T1D associated with insulin deficiency (T1bD). Additional forms have been described, including fulminant T1D (FT1D). Although most diagnoses of T1D are classified as T1aD, fulminant T1D exists as a hyper-acute subtype of T1D that affects older children, without associated autoimmunity. Patient with this rare aetiology of diabetes showed a complete loss of β-cell secretory capacity without evidence of recovery, necessitating long-term treatment with insulin. In addition, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is a form of autoimmune-mediated diabetes, usually diagnosed during the insulin-dependent stage that follows a non-insulin requiring phase, which can be diagnosed earlier based on anti-islet autoantibody positivity. Some reports discuss T1bD. Others are elaborating on the presence of "atypical T1b diabetes," such as Flatbush diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in young adults continues to rise in Asian populations as T2D increases. With improved characterization of patients with diabetes, the range of diabetic subgroups will become even more diverse in the future. Distinguishing T1D, T2D, and other forms of diabetes in young patients is challenging in Asian populations, as the correct diagnosis is clinically important and has implications for prognosis and management. Despite aetiological heterogeneity in the usual clinical setting, early diagnosis and classification of patients with diabetes relying on clinical grounds as well as measuring islet autoantibodies and fasting plasma C

26 CFR 301.7701-4 - Trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Environmental remediation trusts. (1) An environmental remediation trust is considered a trust for purposes of... trust is collecting and disbursing amounts for environmental remediation of an existing waste site to... federal, state, or local environmental laws for environmental remediation of the waste site; and the trust...

26 CFR 301.7701-4 - Trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Environmental remediation trusts. (1) An environmental remediation trust is considered a trust for purposes of... trust is collecting and disbursing amounts for environmental remediation of an existing waste site to... federal, state, or local environmental laws for environmental remediation of the waste site; and the trust...

26 CFR 301.7701-4 - Trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Environmental remediation trusts. (1) An environmental remediation trust is considered a trust for purposes of... trust is collecting and disbursing amounts for environmental remediation of an existing waste site to... federal, state, or local environmental laws for environmental remediation of the waste site; and the trust...

26 CFR 301.7701-4 - Trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Environmental remediation trusts. (1) An environmental remediation trust is considered a trust for purposes of... trust is collecting and disbursing amounts for environmental remediation of an existing waste site to... federal, state, or local environmental laws for environmental remediation of the waste site; and the trust...

26 CFR 1.6072-1 - Time for filing returns of individuals, estates, and trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... following the close of the 12-month period which began with the first day of the decedent's taxable year... trusts, and foreign trusts having an office or place of business in the United States (including unrelated business tax returns of such trusts referred to in section 511(b)(2)) shall be filed on or before...

26 CFR 1.857-6 - Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts. 1.857-6 Section 1.857-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT...-6 Method of taxation of shareholders of real estate investment trusts. (a) Ordinary income. Except...

43 CFR 426.7 - Trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Trusts. 426.7 Section 426.7 Public Lands... LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.7 Trusts. (a) Definitions for purposes of this section: Grantor revocable trust means a trust that holds irrigable land or irrigation land that may be revoked at the...

Trust in technology-mediated collaborative health encounters: constructing trust in passive user interactions with technologies.

PubMed

Montague, Enid; Asan, Onur

2012-01-01

The present study investigated factors that explain patient trust in health technology and the relationship between patient trust in technology and trust in their care provider. Sociotechnical systems theory states that changes in one part of the system are likely related to other parts of the system. Therefore, attitudes about technologies, like trust, are likely related to other aspects of the system. Contributing to appropriate trust at the technological, interpersonal, and system levels can potentially lead to positive health outcomes. The study described in this manuscript used data collected from 101 patients with a Trust in Medical Technology instrument. The instrument measured patients' trust in (1) their providers, (2) the technology, and (3) how their providers used the technology. Measure 3 was positively associated with measures 1 and 2, while measures 1 and 2 were not positively or negatively associated with one another. These results may indicate that patient assessments of the trustworthiness of care providers and technologies are based on their observations of how providers use technologies. Though patients are not active users of technologies in health care, the results of this study show that their perceptions of how providers use technology are related to their trust in both technology and the care provider. Study findings have implications for how trust is conceptualised and measured in interpersonal relationships and in technologies.

Anergic CD4+ T cells form mature immunological synapses with enhanced accumulation of c-Cbl and Cbl-b1

PubMed Central

Doherty, Melissa; Osborne, Douglas G.; Browning, Diana L.; Parker, David C.; Wetzel, Scott A.

2010-01-01

CD4+ T cell recognition of MHC:peptide complexes in the context of a costimulatory signal results in the large-scale redistribution of molecules at the T-APC interface to form the immunological synapse. The immunological synapse is the location of sustained TCR signaling and delivery of a subset of effector functions. T cells activated in the absence of costimulation are rendered anergic and are hyporesponsive when presented with antigen in the presence of optimal costimulation. Several previous studies have looked at aspects of immunological synapses formed by anergic T cells, but it remains unclear whether there are differences in the formation or composition of anergic immunological synapses. In this study we anergized primary murine CD4+ T cells by incubation of costimulation-deficient, transfected fibroblast APC. Using a combination of TCR, MHC:peptide, and ICAM-1 staining, we found that anergic T cells make mature immunological synapses with characteristic cSMAC and pSMAC domains that were indistinguishable from control synapses. There were small increases in total phosphotyrosine at the anergic synapse along with significant decreases in phosphorylated ERK 1/2 accumulation. Most striking, there was specific accumulation of c-Cbl and Cbl-b to the anergic synapses. Cbl-b, previously shown to be essential in anergy induction, was found in both the pSMAC and the cSMAC of the anergic synapse. This Cbl-b (and c-Cbl) accumulation at the anergic synapse may play an important role in anergy maintenance and/or induction. PMID:20207996

Coarsening of AA6013-T6 Precipitates During Sheet Warm Forming Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di Ciano, M.; DiCecco, S.; Esmaeili, S.; Wells, M. A.; Worswick, M. J.

2018-03-01

The use of warm forming for AA6xxx-T6 sheet is of interest to improve its formability; however, the effect warm forming may have on the coarsening of precipitates and the mechanical strength of these sheets has not been well studied. In this research, the coarsening behavior of AA6013-T6 precipitates has been explored, in the temperature range of 200-300 °C, and time of 30 s up to 50 h. Additionally, the effect of warm deformation on coarsening behavior was explored using: (1) simulated warm forming tests in a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator and (2) bi-axial warm deformation tests. Using a strong obstacle model to describe the yield strength (YS) evolution of the AA6013-T6 material, and a Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner (LSW) particle coarsening law to describe the change in precipitate size with time, the coarsening kinetics were modeled for this alloy. The coarsening kinetics in the range of 220-300 °C followed a trend similar to that previously found for AA6111 for the 180-220 °C range. There was strong evidence that coarsening kinetics were not altered due to warm deformation above 220 °C. For warm forming between 200 and 220 °C, the YS of the AA6013-T6 material increased slightly, which could be attributed to strain hardening during warm deformation. Finally, a non-isothermal coarsening model was used to assess the potential reduction in the YS of AA6013-T6 for practical processing conditions related to auto-body manufacturing. The model calculations showed that 90% of the original AA6013-T6 YS could be maintained, for warm forming temperatures up to 280 °C, if the heating schedule used to get the part to the warm forming temperature was limited to 1 min.

25 CFR 115.815 - How does a tribe request trust funds from a tribal trust account?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How does a tribe request trust funds from a tribal trust account? 115.815 Section 115.815 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES TRUST FUNDS FOR TRIBES AND INDIVIDUAL INDIANS Tribal Accounts Withdrawing Tribal Trust Funds § 115.815 How does a tribe request trust...

26 CFR 1.684-4 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.684-4... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Miscellaneous § 1.684-4 Outbound migrations of domestic...(a)(31)(B). (c) Inadvertent migrations. In the event of an inadvertent migration, as defined in § 301...

26 CFR 1.684-4 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.684-4... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Miscellaneous § 1.684-4 Outbound migrations of domestic...(a)(31)(B). (c) Inadvertent migrations. In the event of an inadvertent migration, as defined in § 301...

26 CFR 1.684-4 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.684-4... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Miscellaneous § 1.684-4 Outbound migrations of domestic...(a)(31)(B). (c) Inadvertent migrations. In the event of an inadvertent migration, as defined in § 301...

26 CFR 1.684-4 - Outbound migrations of domestic trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Outbound migrations of domestic trusts. 1.684-4... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Miscellaneous § 1.684-4 Outbound migrations of domestic...(a)(31)(B). (c) Inadvertent migrations. In the event of an inadvertent migration, as defined in § 301...

Developmental Patterns of Social Trust between Early and Late Adolescence: Age and School Climate Effects

PubMed Central

Flanagan, Constance A.; Stout, Michael

2010-01-01

Social trust (i.e., beliefs that people are generally fair and trustworthy) is important to the functioning of democracies and trend studies show it has declined. We test hypotheses concerning the development of these beliefs in adolescence. Based on surveys of 1535 adolescents collected over two years, we find that middle and late adolescents had significantly lower levels of trust than early adolescents and that these beliefs became more stable and less related to interpersonal trust between early and late adolescence. Results of multiple group SEMs revealed that, regardless of age, adolescents’ reports that a strong sense of student solidarity characterized their school significantly increased ST at T2, controlling for levels at T1, and opportunities to exchange perspectives with fellow students increased ST at T2 indirectly, through feelings of student solidarity. The study points to the role of schools in nurturing the democratic dispositions of younger generations. PMID:20936077

Trust and Extra Effort Implementing Curriculum Reform: The Mediating Effects of Collaboration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cerit, Yusuf

2013-01-01

This study aims to examine the relationship between trust and extra effort implementing reform, and relationship between trust and extra effort are mediated by collaboration. The study was carried out in elementary schools in Turkey. Faculty trust in schools was measured using the Omnibus T-Scale, collaboration was measured using collaboration…

78 FR 55103 - Notice of Proposed Exemption involving AT&T Inc. (Together With AT&T Inc.'s Affiliates, AT&T or...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-09

...This document contains a notice of pendency before the Department of Labor (the Department) of a proposed individual exemption from certain prohibited transaction restrictions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA or the Act), and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). The proposed transactions involve AT&T, the AT&T Pension Benefit Plan (the Plan), and the SBC Master Pension Trust (the Trust). The proposed exemption, if granted, would affect the Plan and its participants and beneficiaries. Effective Date: If granted, this proposed exemption will be effective as of September 1, 2013.

Closed-form expressions for flip angle variation that maximize total signal in T1-weighted rapid gradient echo MRI.

PubMed

Drobnitzky, Matthias; Klose, Uwe

2017-03-01

Magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequences are commonly employed for T1-weighted structural brain imaging. Following a contrast preparation radiofrequency (RF) pulse, the data acquisition proceeds under nonequilibrium conditions of the relaxing longitudinal magnetization. Variation of the flip angle can be used to maximize total available signal. Simulated annealing or greedy algorithms have so far been published to numerically solve this problem, with signal-to-noise ratios optimized for clinical imaging scenarios by adhering to a predefined shape of the signal evolution. We propose an unconstrained optimization of the MPRAGE experiment that employs techniques from resource allocation theory. A new dynamic programming solution is introduced that yields closed-form expressions for optimal flip angle variation. Flip angle series are proposed that maximize total transverse magnetization (Mxy) for a range of physiologic T1 values. A 3D MPRAGE sequence is modified to allow for a controlled variation of the excitation angle. Experiments employing a T1 contrast phantom are performed at 3T. 1D acquisitions without phase encoding permit measurement of the temporal development of Mxy. Image mean signal and standard deviation for reference flip angle trains are compared in 2D measurements. Signal profiles at sharp phantom edges are acquired to access image blurring related to nonuniform Mxy development. A novel closed-form expression for flip angle variation is found that constitutes the optimal policy to reach maximum total signal. It numerically equals previously published results of other authors when evaluated under their simplifying assumptions. Longitudinal magnetization (Mz) is exhaustively used without causing abrupt changes in the measured MR signal, which is a prerequisite for artifact free images. Phantom experiments at 3T verify the expected benefit for total accumulated k-space signal when compared with published flip angle series. Describing

76 FR 51961 - Brown Bear Power, LLC, Topsham Hydroelectric Generating Facility Trust No. 1, Topsham Hydro...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-19

... On August 3, 2011, Brown Bear Power, LLC, Topsham Hydroelectric Generating Facility (Trust No. 1... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 4784-082] Brown Bear Power, LLC, Topsham Hydroelectric Generating Facility Trust No. 1, Topsham Hydro Partners Limited Partnership...

75 FR 9026 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8038-T

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

... 8038-T AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Form 8038-T, Arbitrage Rebate and Penalty in Lieu of Arbitrage Rebate. DATES: Written comments should... Arbitrage Rebate. OMB Number: 1545-1219. Form Number: 8038-T. Abstract: Form 8038-T is used by issuers of...

Trust It or Trash It?

MedlinePlus

Trust It or Trash It? About | Contact | Español Tab 1 Tab 2 What is Trust It or Trash It? This is a tool ... be true, it may be. (See the second “Trust it” statement above). Click on each element below ...

Trust and Online Reputation Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwan, Ming; Ramachandran, Deepak

Web 2.0 technologies provide organizations with unprecedented opportunities to expand and solidify relationships with their customers, partners, and employees—while empowering firms to define entirely new business models focused on sharing information in online collaborative environments. Yet, in and of themselves, these technologies cannot ensure productive online interactions. Leading enterprises that are experimenting with social networks and online communities are already discovering this fact and along with it, the importance of establishing trust as the foundation for online collaboration and transactions. Just as today's consumers must feel secure to bank, exchange personal information and purchase products and services online; participants in Web 2.0 initiatives will only accept the higher levels of risk and exposure inherent in e-commerce and Web collaboration in an environment of trust. Indeed, only by attending to the need to cultivate online trust with customers, partners and employees will enterprises ever fully exploit the expanded business potential posed by Web 2.0. But developing online trust is no easy feat. While various preliminary attempts have occurred, no definitive model for establishing or measuring it has yet been established. To that end, nGenera has identified three, distinct dimensions of online trust: reputation (quantitative-based); relationship (qualitative-based) and process (system-based). When considered together, they form a valuable model for understanding online trust and a toolbox for cultivating it to support Web 2.0 initiatives.

26 CFR 1.679-1 - U.S. transferor treated as owner of foreign trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false U.S. transferor treated as owner of foreign... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Grantors and Others Treated As Substantial Owners § 1.679-1 U.S. transferor treated as owner of foreign trust. (a) In general. A U.S. transferor who transfers...

Trust in Culturally Diverse Teams

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

Humansystems® Incorporated 111 Farquhar St., Guelph, ON N1H 3N4 Project Manager : Barbara D. Adams, Ph.D. (519) 836 5911 PWGSC Contract...on trust in teams and on the management of trust violations within these teams. Reserve force military personnel (n = 106) were recruited to...cultural diversity on trust in teams and on the management of trust violations within these teams. CF reserve force personnel (n = 106) were

78 FR 40832 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1098-T

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-08

... 1098-T AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Form 1098-T, Tuition Payment Statement. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before... INFORMATION: Title: Tuition Payments Statement. OMB Number: 1545-1574. Form Number: Form 1098-T. Abstract...

Can We Trust Measures of Political Trust? Assessing Measurement Equivalence in Diverse Regime Types.

PubMed

Schneider, Irena

2017-01-01

Do standard "trust in government" survey questions deliver measures which are reliable and equivalent in meaning across diverse regime types? I test for the measurement equivalence of political trust in a sample of 35 former Soviet and European countries using the 2010 Life in Transition Survey II conducted by the World Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Employing multiple group confirmatory factor analysis, I find that trust perceptions in central political institutions differ from (1) trust in regional and local political institutions, (2) trust in protective institutions like the armed forces and police and (3) trust in order institutions like the courts and police. Four measurement models achieve partial metric invariance and two reach partial scalar invariance in most countries, allowing for comparisons of correlates using latent factors from each model. I also found some clustering of measurement error and variation in the dimensionality of political trust between democratic and autocratic portions of the sample. On some measurement parameters, therefore, respondents in diverse cultures and regime types do not have equivalent understandings of political trust. The findings offer both optimism and a note of caution for researchers using political trust measures in cross-regime contexts.

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 856(e), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may elect to treat as foreclosure property certain real property (including interests in real...

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 856(e), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may elect to treat as foreclosure property certain real property (including interests in real...

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 856(e), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may elect to treat as foreclosure property certain real property (including interests in real...

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 856(e), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may elect to treat as foreclosure property certain real property (including interests in real...

75 FR 5856 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1098-T

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-04

... 1098-T AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Form 1098-T, Tuition Payment Statement. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before April 5... INFORMATION: Title: Tuition Payments Statement. OMB Number: 1545-1574. Form Number: Form 1098-T. Abstract...

26 CFR 1.682(a)-1 - Income of trust in case of divorce, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Income of trust in case of divorce, etc. 1.682(a... case of divorce, etc. (a) In general. (1) Section 682(a) provides rules in certain cases for... specified to be for the support of the obligor spouse's minor children in the divorce or separate...

26 CFR 1.682(a)-1 - Income of trust in case of divorce, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Income of trust in case of divorce, etc. 1.682(a... case of divorce, etc. (a) In general. (1) Section 682(a) provides rules in certain cases for... specified to be for the support of the obligor spouse's minor children in the divorce or separate...

26 CFR 1.682(a)-1 - Income of trust in case of divorce, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Income of trust in case of divorce, etc. 1.682(a... case of divorce, etc. (a) In general. (1) Section 682(a) provides rules in certain cases for... specified to be for the support of the obligor spouse's minor children in the divorce or separate...

26 CFR 1.682(a)-1 - Income of trust in case of divorce, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Income of trust in case of divorce, etc. 1.682(a... case of divorce, etc. (a) In general. (1) Section 682(a) provides rules in certain cases for... specified to be for the support of the obligor spouse's minor children in the divorce or separate...

46 CFR 67.36 - Trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Trust. 67.36 Section 67.36 Shipping COAST GUARD... Citizenship Requirements for Vessel Documentation § 67.36 Trust. (a) For the purpose of obtaining a registry or recreational endorsement, a trust arrangement meets citizenship requirements if: (1) Each of its...

[Trust and conflicts in care, legal elements].

PubMed

Decroix, Germain

2013-10-01

Trust is essential in all forms of medical care. It first appears when the patient chooses the professional, then when the latter suggests a treatment. This medical contract can be broken by both parties, if this trust disappears. The ultimate situation is the occurrence of complications, which can lead to a real distrust of the professional with a complaint made against him or her.

14 CFR 47.8 - Voting trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting trusts. 47.8 Section 47.8... REGISTRATION General § 47.8 Voting trusts. (a) If a voting trust is used to qualify a domestic corporation as a... the fully executed voting trust agreement, which must identify each voting interest of the applicant...

A medical device-grade T1 and ECV phantom for global T1 mapping quality assurance-the T1 Mapping and ECV Standardization in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (T1MES) program.

PubMed

Captur, Gabriella; Gatehouse, Peter; Keenan, Kathryn E; Heslinga, Friso G; Bruehl, Ruediger; Prothmann, Marcel; Graves, Martin J; Eames, Richard J; Torlasco, Camilla; Benedetti, Giulia; Donovan, Jacqueline; Ittermann, Bernd; Boubertakh, Redha; Bathgate, Andrew; Royet, Celine; Pang, Wenjie; Nezafat, Reza; Salerno, Michael; Kellman, Peter; Moon, James C

2016-09-22

T 1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) have the potential to guide patient care and serve as surrogate end-points in clinical trials, but measurements differ between cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scanners and pulse sequences. To help deliver T 1 mapping to global clinical care, we developed a phantom-based quality assurance (QA) system for verification of measurement stability over time at individual sites, with further aims of generalization of results across sites, vendor systems, software versions and imaging sequences. We thus created T1MES: The T1 Mapping and ECV Standardization Program. A design collaboration consisting of a specialist MRI small-medium enterprise, clinicians, physicists and national metrology institutes was formed. A phantom was designed covering clinically relevant ranges of T 1 and T 2 in blood and myocardium, pre and post-contrast, for 1.5 T and 3 T. Reproducible mass manufacture was established. The device received regulatory clearance by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Conformité Européene (CE) marking. The T1MES phantom is an agarose gel-based phantom using nickel chloride as the paramagnetic relaxation modifier. It was reproducibly specified and mass-produced with a rigorously repeatable process. Each phantom contains nine differently-doped agarose gel tubes embedded in a gel/beads matrix. Phantoms were free of air bubbles and susceptibility artifacts at both field strengths and T 1 maps were free from off-resonance artifacts. The incorporation of high-density polyethylene beads in the main gel fill was effective at flattening the B 1 field. T 1 and T 2 values measured in T1MES showed coefficients of variation of 1 % or less between repeat scans indicating good short-term reproducibility. Temperature dependency experiments confirmed that over the range 15-30 °C the short-T 1 tubes were more stable with temperature than the long-T 1 tubes. A batch of 69 phantoms was mass-produced with random sampling of

Cross-vendor harmonization of T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) MRI for the assessment of cerebral venous oxygenation.

PubMed

Jiang, Dengrong; Liu, Peiying; Li, Yang; Mao, Deng; Xu, Cuimei; Lu, Hanzhang

2018-09-01

Cerebral venous oxygenation (Y v ) is an important physiological parameter and has potential clinical application in many brain diseases. T 2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) is a commonly used MRI method to measure Y v . Harmonization of this technique across MRI vendors is important for dissemination and multicenter studies of brain oxygenation and metabolism as a disease biomarker. TRUST pulse sequence components and imaging parameters were carefully matched between two major MRI vendors, Philips and Siemens. Each subject (N = 10) was scanned on both scanners within a 2.5-h period. On each scanner, the subject was scanned in two sessions to assess intersession reproducibility. A hyperoxia challenge was also included in both sessions and on both scanners to evaluate the sensitivity of the technique to Y v changes. Measured Y v values, confidence interval of Y v estimates ( εYv), as well as intrasession and intersession coefficient of variation (CoV) of Y v , were compared between the two scanners. Y v measured on the two vendors were highly compatible and strongly correlated (R 2  = 0.957). Y v changes associated with hyperoxia challenge were significant on both scanners (P < 0.001) and were also correlated across scanners (P = 0.007). Intrasession and intersession CoV of measured Y v were less than 3% and showed no difference between scanners. εYv were less than 1% on both scanners and showed no difference between scanners when echo times were matched on the two scanners. This work suggests that harmonized TRUST MRI can yield highly compatible Y v measurements across different vendors. Magn Reson Med 80:1125-1131, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

"Doing Trust".

PubMed

Guillemin, Marilys; Gillam, Lynn; Barnard, Emma; Stewart, Paul; Walker, Hannah; Rosenthal, Doreen

2016-10-01

Trust in research is important but not well understood. We examine the ways that researchers understand and practice trust in research. Using a qualitative research design, we interviewed 19 researchers, including eight researchers involved in Australian Indigenous research. The project design focused on sensitive research including research involving vulnerable participants and sensitive research topics. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. We found that researchers' understanding of trust integrates both the conceptual and concrete; researchers understand trust in terms of how it relates to other similar concepts and how they practice trust in research. This provides a sound basis to better understand trust in research, as well as identifying mechanisms to regain trust when it is lost in research.

'Trust my doctor, trust my pancreas': trust as an emergent quality of social practice.

PubMed

Cohn, Simon

2015-06-11

Growing attention is being paid to the importance of trust, and its corollaries such as mistrust and distrust, in health service and the central place they have in assessments of quality of care. Although initially focussing on doctor-patient relationships, more recent literature has broadened its remit to include trust held in more abstract entities, such as organisations and institutions. There has consequently been growing interest to develop rigorous and universal measures of trust. Drawing on illustrative ethnographic material from observational research in a UK diabetes clinic, this paper supports an approach that foregrounds social practice and resists conceiving trust as solely a psychological state that can be divorced from its context. Beyond exploring the less-than-conscious nature of trust, the interpretations attend to the extent to which trust practices are distributed across a range of actors. Data from clinical encounters reveal the extent to which matters of trust can emerge from the relationships between people, and sometimes people and things, as a result of a wide range of pragmatic concerns, and hence can usefully be conceived of as an extended property of a situation rather than a person. Trust is rarely explicitly articulated, but remains a subtle feature of experience that is frequently ineffable. A practice approach highlights some of the problems with adopting a general psychological or intellectualist conception of trust. In particular, assuming it is a sufficiently stable internal state that can be stored or measured not only transforms a diffuse and often ephemeral quality into a durable thing, but ultimately presents it as a generic state that has meaning independent of the specific relationships and context that achieve it. Emphasising the context-specific nature of trust practices does not dismiss the potential of matters of trust, when they emerge, to be transposed to other contexts. But it does highlight how, on each occasion

12 CFR 7.2022 - Voting trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting trusts. 7.2022 Section 7.2022 Banks and... Practices § 7.2022 Voting trusts. The shareholders of a national bank may establish a voting trust under the applicable law of a state selected by the participants and designated in the trust agreement, provided the...

Is It a Trust Issue? Factors That Influence Trust for Persons Living With HIV/AIDS.

PubMed

Krause, Denise D; May, Warren L

2016-09-01

Trust in one's health care provider, trust in the health care system in general, and even trust in one's community affects engagement in HIV-related health care. This article examines the issue of trust among a random sample of HIV-infected individuals residing in Mississippi, an area hard-hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Five constructs based on survey responses from these individuals were developed: (1) trust in one's provider to offer the best possible medical care, (2) trust in one's provider to protect patient privacy, (3) willingness to disclose HIV status to one's provider, (4) trust in the health care system, and (5) trust in one's community. Findings suggest that interventions to improve trust in providers to deliver the highest quality of care should be targeted to young people, African Americans, and the more highly educated. Interventions to increase trust in providers to protect privacy should focus on creating and strengthening social support groups or networks that build relationships and foster trust. Interventions aimed to increase community trust also should be targeted to young people. This information is useful to researchers, policy makers, health care providers, and organizations interested in prioritizing interventions and strategies that have the greatest potential to reduce health disparities in HIV diagnosis and treatment in the Deep South. © 2016 Society for Public Health Education.

The Reputational Consequences of Generalized Trust

PubMed Central

Evans, Anthony M.; van de Calseyde, Philippe P. F. M.

2017-01-01

The present research examines the reputational consequences of generalized trust. High-trust individuals are seen as moral and sociable, but not necessarily competent. When controlling for other traits, there is a negative relationship between trust and perceived competence (Studies 1 and 2). Compared with optimism, generalized trust has stronger effects on morality and sociability (Study 2). Furthermore, people judge those who do not discriminate between trustworthy and untrustworthy groups (unconditional trustors) more negatively than those who only trust groups that are, in fact, trustworthy (conditional trustors). Unconditional trust and unconditional distrust are both viewed negatively (Study 3), even after controlling for attitudinal similarity (Study 4). Critically, both generalized trust and discriminant ability (i.e., conditional trust) have independent reputational benefits (Study 5). These studies suggest that generalized trust plays an important role in how we perceive and judge others. PMID:29251247

75 FR 67164 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8886-T

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-01

... 8886-T AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... comments concerning Form 8886-T, Disclosure by Tax-Exempt Entity Regarding Prohibited Tax Shelter...-T. Abstract: Certain tax-exempt entities are required to file Form 8886-T to disclose information...

Trust in the medical profession and patient attachment style.

PubMed

Klest, Bridget; Philippon, Olivia

2016-10-01

Attachment style is a person's approach to interpersonal relationships, which develops from early experiences with primary caregivers and can remain stable into adulthood. Depending on a person's attachment style, the amount of trust one has in others can vary when forming relationships, and trust is important in formation of the patient-physician relationship. The purpose of this study was to see if there is an association between attachment style and trust in physicians in general. Participants were recruited from an emergency department (ED) and an online university participant pool, and completed short questionnaires assessing attachment style and trust in the medical profession. Results revealed that individuals with a fearful attachment style reported significantly lower levels of trust in the medical profession than those with a secure attachment style. ED participants also reported higher levels of trust in the medical profession in comparison to student participants. This study provides a better understanding of trust in the medical profession, and insight into future care for patients who have low trust.

26 CFR 1.58-6 - Regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts. 1.58-6 Section 1.58-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES Tax Preference Regulations § 1.58-6 Regulated investment companies; real...

26 CFR 1.58-6 - Regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts. 1.58-6 Section 1.58-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES Tax Preference Regulations § 1.58-6 Regulated investment companies; real...

TrustBuilder2: A Reconfigurable Framework for Trust Negotiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Adam J.; Winslett, Marianne; Perano, Kenneth J.

To date, research in trust negotiation has focused mainly on the theoretical aspects of the trust negotiation process, and the development of proof of concept implementations. These theoretical works and proofs of concept have been quite successful from a research perspective, and thus researchers must now begin to address the systems constraints that act as barriers to the deployment of these systems. To this end, we present TrustBuilder2, a fully-configurable and extensible framework for prototyping and evaluating trust negotiation systems. TrustBuilder2 leverages a plug-in based architecture, extensible data type hierarchy, and flexible communication protocol to provide a framework within which numerous trust negotiation protocols and system configurations can be quantitatively analyzed. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of TrustBuilder2, study its performance, examine the costs associated with flexible authorization systems, and leverage this knowledge to identify potential topics for future research, as well as a novel method for attacking trust negotiation systems.

BRI: Cyber Trust and Suspicion

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-06

Basis for Trust and Suspicion: Manipulating Insider Threat In Cyber Intelligence & Operations: For 2013, the concepts of Predictability...1 THRUST 1 – A SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EMOTIONAL BASIS FOR TRUST AND SUSPICION: MANIPULATING INSIDER THREAT IN CYBER INTELLIGENCE ...APPROACH ......................................... 59 3.1 Cybersecurity with humans in the loop

Personal Trust Increases Cooperation beyond General Trust

PubMed Central

Acedo-Carmona, Cristina; Gomila, Antoni

2014-01-01

In this paper we present a new methodology which, while allowing for anonymous interaction, it also makes possible to compare decisions of cooperating or defecting when playing games within a group, according to whether or not players personally trust each other. The design thus goes beyond standard approaches to the role of trust in fostering cooperation, which is restricted to general trust. It also allows considering the role of the topology of the social network involved may play in the level of cooperation found. The results of this work support the idea that personal trust promotes cooperation beyond the level of general trust. We also found that this effect carries over to the whole group, making it more cohesive, but that higher levels of cohesion rely on a particular topology. As a conclusion, we hypothesize that personal trust is a psychological mechanism evolved to make human social life possible in the small groups our ancestors lived in, and that this mechanism persists and plays a role in sustaining cooperation and social cohesion. PMID:25144539

17 CFR 240.16a-8 - Trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trusts. 240.16a-8 Section 240...-8 Trusts. (a) Persons subject to section 16—(1) Trusts. A trust shall be subject to section 16 of the Act with respect to securities of the issuer if the trust is a beneficial owner, pursuant to § 240...

76 FR 49538 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Forms 8027 and 8027-T

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

... 8027 and 8027-T AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for... Form 8027, Employer's Annual Information Return of Tip Income and Allocated Tips, and Form 8027-T... Income and Allocated Tips (Form 8027-T). OMB Number: 1545-0714. Form Number: Forms 8027 and 8027-T...

Power Efficient Hardware Architecture of SHA-1 Algorithm for Trusted Mobile Computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Mooseop; Ryou, Jaecheol

The Trusted Mobile Platform (TMP) is developed and promoted by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG), which is an industry standard body to enhance the security of the mobile computing environment. The built-in SHA-1 engine in TMP is one of the most important circuit blocks and contributes the performance of the whole platform because it is used as key primitives supporting platform integrity and command authentication. Mobile platforms have very stringent limitations with respect to available power, physical circuit area, and cost. Therefore special architecture and design methods for low power SHA-1 circuit are required. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient hardware architecture of low power SHA-1 design for TMP. Our low power SHA-1 hardware can compute 512-bit data block using less than 7,000 gates and has a power consumption about 1.1 mA on a 0.25μm CMOS process.

Learning to trust: trust and attachment in early psychosis.

PubMed

Fett, A-K J; Shergill, S S; Korver-Nieberg, N; Yakub, F; Gromann, P M; Krabbendam, L

2016-05-01

Distrust and social dysfunction are characteristic in psychosis and may arise from attachment insecurity, which is elevated in the disorder. The relationship between trust and attachment in the early stages of psychosis is unknown, yet could help to understand interpersonal difficulties and disease progression. This study aimed to investigate whether trust is reduced in patients with early psychosis and whether this is accounted for by attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. We used two trust games with a cooperative and unfair partner in a sample of 39 adolescents with early psychosis and 100 healthy controls. Patients had higher levels of attachment anxiety, but the groups did not differ in attachment avoidance. Basic trust was lower in patients than controls, as indicated by lower initial investments. During cooperation patients increased their trust towards levels of controls, i.e. they were able to learn and to override initial suspiciousness. Patients decreased their trust less than controls during unfair interactions. Anxious attachment was associated with higher basic trust and higher trust during unfair interactions and predicted trust independent of group status. Discussion Patients showed decreased basic trust but were able to learn from the trustworthy behaviour of their counterpart. Worries about the acceptance by others and low self-esteem are associated with psychosis and attachment anxiety and may explain behaviour that is focused on conciliation, rather than self-protection.

78 FR 21428 - Royce Focus Trust, Inc., et al.;

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-10

...] Royce Focus Trust, Inc., et al.; Notice of Application April 4, 2013. AGENCY: Securities and Exchange.... Applicants: Royce Focus Trust, Inc. (``RFT''), Royce Value Trust, Inc. (``RVT''), Royce Micro-Cap Trust, Inc... prior order (``Prior Order'').\\1\\ \\1\\ Royce Global Trust, Inc., et al., Investment Company Act Release...

Trust and Influence

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-05

DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Program Trends •Trust in Autonomous Systems • Cross - cultural Trust...Trust & trustworthiness are independent (Mayer et al, 1995) •Trust is relational •Humans in cross - cultural interactions •Complex human-machine...Interpersonal Trustworthiness •Ability •Benevolence •Integrity Trust Metrics Cross - Cultural Trust Issues Human-Machine Interactions Autonomous

75 FR 28326 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 1040EZ-T

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... 1040EZ-T AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Form 1040EZ-T, Claim for Refund of Federal Telephone Excise Tax. DATES: Written comments should be...: 1545-2039. Form Number: 1040EZ-T. Abstract: Form 1040EZ-T was developed as a result of Notice 2006- 50...

Trust in automation: integrating empirical evidence on factors that influence trust.

PubMed

Hoff, Kevin Anthony; Bashir, Masooda

2015-05-01

We systematically review recent empirical research on factors that influence trust in automation to present a three-layered trust model that synthesizes existing knowledge. Much of the existing research on factors that guide human-automation interaction is centered around trust, a variable that often determines the willingness of human operators to rely on automation. Studies have utilized a variety of different automated systems in diverse experimental paradigms to identify factors that impact operators' trust. We performed a systematic review of empirical research on trust in automation from January 2002 to June 2013. Papers were deemed eligible only if they reported the results of a human-subjects experiment in which humans interacted with an automated system in order to achieve a goal. Additionally, a relationship between trust (or a trust-related behavior) and another variable had to be measured. All together, 101 total papers, containing 127 eligible studies, were included in the review. Our analysis revealed three layers of variability in human-automation trust (dispositional trust, situational trust, and learned trust), which we organize into a model. We propose design recommendations for creating trustworthy automation and identify environmental conditions that can affect the strength of the relationship between trust and reliance. Future research directions are also discussed for each layer of trust. Our three-layered trust model provides a new lens for conceptualizing the variability of trust in automation. Its structure can be applied to help guide future research and develop training interventions and design procedures that encourage appropriate trust. © 2014, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

26 CFR 1.857-8 - Records to be kept by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Records to be kept by a real estate investment... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-8 Records to be kept by a real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 857(a)(2) a real estate...

26 CFR 1.857-8 - Records to be kept by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Records to be kept by a real estate investment... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-8 Records to be kept by a real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 857(a)(2) a real estate...

26 CFR 1.857-8 - Records to be kept by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Records to be kept by a real estate investment... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-8 Records to be kept by a real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 857(a)(2) a real estate...

26 CFR 25.2523(g)-1 - Special rule for charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... 25.2523(g)-1 Section 25.2523(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE....2523(g)-1 Special rule for charitable remainder trusts. (a) In general. (1) With respect to gifts made... passing to the spouse qualifies for a marital deduction under section 2523(g) and the value of the...

26 CFR 25.2523(g)-1 - Special rule for charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... 25.2523(g)-1 Section 25.2523(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE....2523(g)-1 Special rule for charitable remainder trusts. (a) In general. (1) With respect to gifts made... passing to the spouse qualifies for a marital deduction under section 2523(g) and the value of the...

26 CFR 301.6047-1 - Information relating to certain trusts and annuity and bond purchase plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Information relating to certain trusts and..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Information and Returns Returns and Records § 301.6047-1 Information relating to certain trusts and annuity and...

26 CFR 1.584-2 - Income of participants in common trust fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Income of participants in common trust fund. 1.584-2 Section 1.584-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Banking Institutions § 1.584-2 Income of participants in...

26 CFR 1.1445-8 - Special rules regarding publicly traded partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 12 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Special rules regarding publicly traded partnerships, publicly traded trusts and real estate investment trusts (REITs). 1.1445-8 Section 1.1445-8 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Withholding of Tax on Nonresiden...

26 CFR 55.4981-1 - Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Excise Tax on Real Estate Investment Trusts § 55.4981-1 Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed during the taxable year...

26 CFR 55.4981-1 - Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Excise Tax on Real Estate Investment Trusts § 55.4981-1 Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed during the taxable year...

26 CFR 55.4981-1 - Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Excise Tax on Real Estate Investment Trusts § 55.4981-1 Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed during the taxable year...

26 CFR 55.4981-1 - Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Excise Tax on Real Estate Investment Trusts § 55.4981-1 Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed during the taxable year...

26 CFR 55.4981-1 - Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES Excise Tax on Real Estate Investment Trusts § 55.4981-1 Imposition of excise tax on certain real estate investment trust taxable income not distributed during the taxable year...

"Do You Trust Him?" Children's Trust Beliefs and Developmental Trajectories of Aggressive Behavior in an Ethnically Diverse Sample

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malti, Tina; Averdijk, Margit; Ribeaud, Denis; Rotenberg, Ken J.; Eisner, Manuel P.

2013-01-01

This study investigated the role of trust beliefs (i.e., trustworthiness, trustfulness) on aggression trajectories in a four-wave longitudinal study using an ethnically diverse sample of 8- to 11-year-old children (N = 1,028), as well as the risk profiles of low trust beliefs and low socioeconomic status on aggression trajectories. At Time 1 to…

The Effect of 9/11 on the Heritability of Political Trust1

PubMed Central

Ojeda, Christopher

2014-01-01

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, a rally effect led to a precipitous rise in political trust. However, the increase in political trust concealed a simultaneous decline among a smaller portion of the population. This paper examines the psychological mechanisms underlying these heterogeneous attitudes towards government and shows that a biosocial model best explains the observed patterns of response. The interplay of genetic and environmental factors of political trust reveals the stable but dynamic nature of heritability: genetic influences of political trust increased immediately following 9/11 but quickly decayed to pre-9/11 levels. PMID:26843705

Trust, Satisfaction, and Confidence in Health Care Providers Among Student and Professional Dancers in France.

PubMed

Alimena, Stephanie; Air, Mary E

2016-09-01

Patients who trust their physicians are more likely to communicate about medical problems, adhere to medical advice, and be satisfied with care. Dancers have demonstrated low utilization of physician services for both preventive care and dance injuries. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine trust in physicians as a variable influencing dancers' health care-seeking behavior. The validated Trust in Physician Scale was administered to 45 professional and 34 student ballet/contemporary dancers in France (36.7% male, 63.3% female) to evaluate their trust in medical doctors (MDs) vs physical therapists (PTs). Dancers were also asked about satisfaction and confidence in medical treatment for dance injuries. Dancers indicated greater trust in PTs than MDs (70.61±10.57 vs 65.38±10.79, t=-3.499, p=0.001). Students exhibited significantly less trust in MDs than professional dancers (62.04±9.96 vs 67.65±10.42, t=-2.381, p=0.020). Trust scale scores for PTs did not differ between students and professionals (69.53±8.30 vs 71.68±12.09, t=-0.866, p=0.389). Students were less confident than professional dancers in their physician's ability to treat their most severe injury (6.7% of students vs 35.7% of professionals "very confident, " X2=9.402, p=0.052). Dancer patients exhibit lower trust in physicians compared to previously studied non-dancer populations. Our results suggest that reduced trust in physicians and factors related to professional status may influence dancers' health care-seeking behavior. Student dancers may comprise a unique subpopulation of dancers with distinctive health care needs.

7 CFR 3550.72 - Community land trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Community land trusts. 3550.72 Section 3550.72... trusts. Eligible dwellings located on land owned by a community land trust may be financed if: (a) The... land trust on the property or applicant are: (1) Reviewed and accepted by RHS before loan closing; and...

7 CFR 46.46 - Statutory trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statutory trust. 46.46 Section 46.46 Agriculture... THAN RULES OF PRACTICE) UNDER THE PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ACT, 1930 Statutory Trust § 46.46 Statutory trust. (a) Definitions. (1) “Received” means the time when the buyer, receiver, or agent gains...

Using informed consent to save trust.

PubMed

Eyal, Nir

2014-07-01

Increasingly, bioethicists defend informed consent as a safeguard for trust in caretakers and medical institutions.This paper discusses an ‘ideal type’ of that move. What I call the trust-promotion argument for informed consent states:1. Social trust, especially trust in caretakers and medical institutions, is necessary so that, for example,people seek medical advice, comply with it, and participate in medical research.2. Therefore, it is usually wrong to jeopardise that trust.3. Coercion, deception, manipulation and other violations of standard informed consent requirements seriously jeopardise that trust.4. Thus, standard informed consent requirements are justified.This article describes the initial promise of this argument, then identifies challenges to it. As I show, the value of trust fails to account for some common sense intuitions about informed consent. We should revise the argument, common sense morality, or both.

Adequate trust avails, mistaken trust matters: on the moral responsibility of doctors as proxies for patients' trust in biobank research.

PubMed

Johnsson, Linus; Helgesson, Gert; Hansson, Mats G; Eriksson, Stefan

2013-11-01

In Sweden, most patients are recruited into biobank research by non-researcher doctors. Patients' trust in doctors may therefore be important to their willingness to participate. We suggest a model of trust that makes sense of such transitions of trust between domains and distinguishes adequate trust from mistaken trust. The unique position of doctors implies, we argue, a Kantian imperfect duty to compensate for patients' mistaken trust. There are at least three kinds of mistaken trust, each of which requires a different set of countermeasures. First, trust is mistaken when necessary competence is lacking; the competence must be developed or the illusion dispelled. Second, trust is irrational whenever the patient is mistaken about his actual reasons for trusting. Care must therefore be taken to support the patient's reasoning and moral agency. Third, some patients inappropriately trust doctors to recommend only research that will benefit them directly. Such trust should be counteracted by nurturing a culture where patients expect to be asked occasionally to contribute to the common good. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Communication Competence and Trust in Leaders: From Transactional, through Transitional, to Transformational Exchanges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sutherland, Ian Edwin

2011-01-01

Trust is recognized as a critical component of effective leadership. However, limited empirical evidence exists that provides support for specific leader behaviors that contribute to the development of trust in followers. One way trust forms is through the experiences in the history of communication transactions between individuals. The Spitzberg…

Initial Efficacy of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Transition Program: Cardiac TRUST

PubMed Central

Zullo, Melissa; Boxer, Rebecca; Moore, Shirley M.

2012-01-01

Patients recovering from cardiac events are increasingly using postacute care, such as home health care and skilled nursing facility services. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the initial efficacy, feasibility, and safety of a specially designed postacute care transitional rehabilitation intervention for cardiac patients. Cardiac Transitional Rehabilitation Using Self- Management Techniques (Cardiac TRUST) is a family-focused intervention that includes progressive low-intensity walking and education in self-management skills to facilitate recovery following a cardiac event. Using a randomized two-group design, exercise self-efficacy, steps walked, and participation in an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program were compared in a sample of 38 older adults; 17 who received the Cardiac TRUST program and 21 who received usual care only. At discharge from postacute care, the intervention group had a trend for higher levels of self-efficacy for exercise outcomes (X=39.1, SD=7.4) than the usual care group (X=34.5; SD=7.0) (t-test 1.9, p=.06). During the 6 weeks following discharge, compared with the usual care group, the intervention group had more attendance in out-patient cardiac rehabilitation (33% compared to 11.8%, F=7.1, p=.03) and a trend toward more steps walked during the first week (X=1,307, SD=652 compared to X=782, SD=544, t-test 1.8, p=.07). The feasibility of the intervention was better for the home health participants than for those in the skilled nursing facility and there were no safety concerns. The provision of cardiac-focused rehabilitation during postacute care has the potential to bridge the gap in transitional services from hospitalization to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation for these patients at high risk for future cardiac events. Further evidence of the efficacy of Cardiac TRUST is warranted. PMID:22084960

The Role of Teacher and Faculty Trust in Forming Teachers' Job Satisfaction: Do Years of Experience Make a Difference?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Maele, Dimitri; Van Houtte, Mieke

2012-01-01

This study relates trust at the level of both the teacher and the faculty to teachers' job satisfaction. Teaching experience is explored as a moderator of the trust-satisfaction relationship. Multilevel analyses on data of 2091 teachers across 80 secondary schools in Flanders (Belgium) revealed positive associations between teacher trust in…

78 FR 41943 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Trusted Traveler Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-12

...: Trusted Traveler Programs (Global Entry, SENTRI and FAST). OMB Number: 1651-0121. Form Numbers: 823S (SENTRI) and 823F (FAST). Abstract: This collection of information is for CBP's Trusted Traveler Programs... entry at specified southwest land border ports of entry; the Free and Secure Trade Program (FAST), which...

26 CFR 25.2702-5 - Personal residence trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Personal residence trusts. 25.2702-5 Section 25... residence trusts. (a)(1) In general. Section 2702 does not apply to a transfer in trust meeting the requirements of this section. A transfer in trust meets the requirements of this section only if the trust is a...

Who are Your Joneses? Socio-Specific Income Inequality and Trust.

PubMed

Stephany, Fabian

2017-01-01

Trust is a good approach to explain the functioning of markets, institutions or society as a whole. It is a key element in almost every commercial transaction over time and might be one of the main explanations of economic success and development. Trust diminishes the more we perceive others to have economically different living realities. In most of the relevant contributions, scholars have taken a macro perspective on the inequality-trust linkage, with an aggregation of both trust and inequality on a country level. However, patterns of within-country inequality and possibly influential determinants, such as perception and socioeconomic reference, remained undetected. This paper offers the opportunity to look at the interplay between inequality and trust at a more refined level. A measure of (generalized) trust emerges from ESS 5 survey which asks "... generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people? ". With the use of 2009 EU-SILC data, measurements of income inequality are developed for age-specific groups of society in 22 countries. A sizable variation in inequality measures can be noticed. Even in low inequality countries, like Sweden, income imbalances within certain age groups have the potential to undermine social trust.

"You don't want to lose that trust that you've built with this patient...": (dis)trust, medical tourism, and the Canadian family physician-patient relationship.

PubMed

Crooks, Valorie A; Li, Neville; Snyder, Jeremy; Dharamsi, Shafik; Benjaminy, Shelly; Jacob, Karen J; Illes, Judy

2015-02-25

Recent trends document growth in medical tourism, the private pursuit of medical interventions abroad. Medical tourism introduces challenges to decision-making that impact and are impacted by the physician-patient trust relationship-a relationship on which the foundation of beneficent health care lies. The objective of the study is to examine the views of Canadian family physicians about the roles that trust plays in decision-making about medical tourism, and the impact of medical tourism on the therapeutic relationship. We conducted six focus groups with 22 family physicians in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Data were analyzed thematically using deductive and inductive codes that captured key concepts across the narratives of participants. Family physicians indicated that they trust their patients to act as the lead decision-makers about medical tourism, but are conflicted when the information they are managing contradicts the best interests of the patients. They reported that patients distrust local health care systems when they experience insufficiencies in access to care and that this can prompt patients to consider going abroad for care. Trust fractures in the physician-patient relationship can arise from shame, fear and secrecy about medical tourism. Family physicians face diverse tensions about medical tourism as they must balance their roles in: (1) providing information about medical tourism within a context of information deficits; (2) supporting decision-making while distancing themselves from patients' decisions to engage in medical tourism; and (3) acting both as agents of the patient and of the domestic health care system. These tensions highlight the ongoing need for reliable third-party informational resources about medical tourism and the development of responsive policy.

26 CFR 25.2523(g)-1 - Special rule for charitable remainder trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Special rule for charitable remainder trusts. 25.2523(g)-1 Section 25.2523(g)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) ESTATE AND GIFT TAXES GIFT TAX; GIFTS MADE AFTER DECEMBER 31, 1954 Deductions § 25.2523(g)-1 Special rule for charitable remainder...

5 CFR 2634.408 - Special filing requirements for qualified trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... independent trustee of a qualified trust, and any other person designated in the trust instrument to perform... form prescribed by appendix B of this part. In addition, an independent trustee and other fiduciaries... filed under the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section by a public filer, nominee, or candidate...

17 CFR 249.1300T - Form MA-T-For temporary registration as a municipal advisor, and for amendments to, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Form MA-T-For temporary...) FORMS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Forms for Registration of Municipal Advisors § 249.1300T Form MA... Form MA-T, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the...

Direct and indirect effects of third-party relationships on interpersonal trust.

PubMed

Ferrin, Donald L; Dirks, Kurt T; Shah, Pri P

2006-07-01

Past studies of the determinants of interpersonal trust have focused primarily on how trust forms in isolated dyads. Yet within organizations, trust typically develops between individuals who are embedded in a complex web of existing and potential relationships. In this article, the authors identify 3 alternative ways in which a trustor and trustee may be linked to each other via third parties: network closure (linked via social interactions with third parties), trust transferability (linked via trusted third parties), and structural equivalence (linked via the similarity of their relationships with all potential third parties within the organization). Each of these is argued to influence interpersonal trust via a distinct social mechanism. The authors hypothesized that network closure and structural equivalence would predict interpersonal trust indirectly via their impact on interpersonal organizational citizenship behaviors performed within the interpersonal relationship, whereas trust transferability would predict trust directly. Social network analyses of data gathered from a medium-sized work organization provide substantial support for the hypotheses and also suggest important directions for future research. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

Trust in direct leaders and top leaders: A trickle-up model.

PubMed

Fulmer, C Ashley; Ostroff, Cheri

2017-04-01

Low levels of employee trust in top leaders pose challenges to organizations with respect to retention, performance, and profits. This research examines how trust in top leaders can be fostered through the relationships individuals have with their direct leaders. We propose a trickle-up model whereby trust in direct leaders exerts an upward influence on trust in top leaders. Drawing on the group value model, we predict that direct leaders' procedural justice serves as the key mechanism in facilitating the trickle-up process. Further, this process should be particularly strong for employees high on vertical collectivism, and the trickled-up trust in top leaders should exert a stronger impact on employees' overall performance in the organization than trust in direct leaders. Multiphase and multisource data from 336 individuals support these hypotheses. The findings advance our understanding of trust and leadership by highlighting that trust in leaders at different levels does not form independently and that trust in leaders trickles up across hierarchical levels. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

76 FR 21946 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 990-BL; Schedule A (Form 990-BL), Form 6069

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-19

... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently... Initial Excise Tax Return for Black Lung Benefit Trusts and Certain Related Persons, and Form 6069, Return of Excise Tax on Excess Contributions to Black Lung Benefit Trust Under Section 4953 and Computation...

To Trust or Not to Trust? What Drives Public Trust in Science in Social Media Engagement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwong, Y. L.; Oliver, C.; Van Kranendonk, M. J.

2017-12-01

The erosion of public trust in science is a serious concern today. This climate of distrust has real consequences, from the anti-vaccination movement to climate change denials. The age of social media promises opportunities for improved interactivity between scientists and the public, which experts hope will help improve public confidence in science. However, evidence linking social media engagement and public attitude towards science is scarce. Our study aimed to help fill this gap. We examined Twitter engagement and its impact on public trust in science, focusing on two related science issues: space science and climate change. Our datasets comprised of 10,000 randomly sampled tweets over a month's period in 2016. We used human annotation and machine learning to analyse the tweets. Results revealed the level of distrust was significantly higher in the climate change tweets. However, in the climate change network, people who engaged with science personalities trust science more than those who did not. This difference in trust levels was not present in the space science network. There the two clusters of people displayed similar levels of trust in science. Additionally, we used machine learning to predict the trust labels of tweets and conducted feature analysis to find the properties of trust-inspiring tweets. Our supervised learning algorithm was able to predict trust in science in our sample tweets with 84% accuracy. The strongest predictors of trust in science (as conveyed by tweets) were similarity, presence of URL and authenticity. Contrast this with the findings of our previous study investigating the features of highly engaging space science related social media messages, authenticity is the only feature that also inspires trust. This indicates that what works to promote engagement (e.g. `retweets', `Likes') does not necessarily build trust in science. Social media science communication is not as simple as `we engage, therefore they trust'. We suggest that

The Relationship between Collective Student Trust and Student Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casper, David Carl

2012-01-01

The relationship between collective student trust and student achievement was tested in a sample of 1,748 5th grade students in 34 Title I elementary schools in an urban and urban fringe district. Trust was defined, the conditions of trust described, and the facets of trust discussed. Collective trust was distinguished from relational trust and…

Magnetized strange quark matter in f(R, T) gravity with bilinear and special form of time varying deceleration parameter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahoo, P. K.; Sahoo, Parbati; Bishi, Binaya K.; Aygün, Sezgin

2018-04-01

In this paper, we have studied homogeneous and anisotropic locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I model with magnetized strange quark matter (MSQM) distribution and cosmological constant Λ in f(R, T) gravity where R is the Ricci scalar and T the trace of matter source. The exact solutions of the field equations are obtained under bilinear and special form of time varying deceleration parameter (DP). Firstly, we have considered two specific forms of bilinear DP with a single parameter of the form: q = α(1-t)/1+t and q = -αt/1+t, which leads to the constant or linear nature of the function based on the constant α. Second one is the special form of the DP as q = - 1 + β/1+aβ. From the results obtained here, one can observe that in the early universe magnetic flux has more effects and it reduces gradually in the later stage. For t → ∞, we get p → -Bc and ρ → Bc. The behaviour of strange quark matter along with magnetic epoch gives an idea of accelerated expansion of the universe as per the observations of the type Ia Supernovae.

A Protocol Layer Trust-Based Intrusion Detection Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Wang, Jian; Jiang, Shuai; Fapojuwo, Abraham O.

2017-01-01

This article proposes a protocol layer trust-based intrusion detection scheme for wireless sensor networks. Unlike existing work, the trust value of a sensor node is evaluated according to the deviations of key parameters at each protocol layer considering the attacks initiated at different protocol layers will inevitably have impacts on the parameters of the corresponding protocol layers. For simplicity, the paper mainly considers three aspects of trustworthiness, namely physical layer trust, media access control layer trust and network layer trust. The per-layer trust metrics are then combined to determine the overall trust metric of a sensor node. The performance of the proposed intrusion detection mechanism is then analyzed using the t-distribution to derive analytical results of false positive and false negative probabilities. Numerical analytical results, validated by simulation results, are presented in different attack scenarios. It is shown that the proposed protocol layer trust-based intrusion detection scheme outperforms a state-of-the-art scheme in terms of detection probability and false probability, demonstrating its usefulness for detecting cross-layer attacks. PMID:28555023

A Protocol Layer Trust-Based Intrusion Detection Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Wang, Jian; Jiang, Shuai; Fapojuwo, Abraham O

2017-05-27

This article proposes a protocol layer trust-based intrusion detection scheme for wireless sensor networks. Unlike existing work, the trust value of a sensor node is evaluated according to the deviations of key parameters at each protocol layer considering the attacks initiated at different protocol layers will inevitably have impacts on the parameters of the corresponding protocol layers. For simplicity, the paper mainly considers three aspects of trustworthiness, namely physical layer trust, media access control layer trust and network layer trust. The per-layer trust metrics are then combined to determine the overall trust metric of a sensor node. The performance of the proposed intrusion detection mechanism is then analyzed using the t-distribution to derive analytical results of false positive and false negative probabilities. Numerical analytical results, validated by simulation results, are presented in different attack scenarios. It is shown that the proposed protocol layer trust-based intrusion detection scheme outperforms a state-of-the-art scheme in terms of detection probability and false probability, demonstrating its usefulness for detecting cross-layer attacks.

Trust in the workplace: factors affecting trust formation between team members.

PubMed

Spector, Michele D; Jones, Gwen E

2004-06-01

The authors used survey data from 127 professional-level employees working in 8 industries to assess the effects of respondent's trusting stance and (a) the trustee's organization membership (internal or external), (b) the hierarchical relationship (supervisor or peer), and (c) the gender of the trustee, on initial trust level for a new project team member. The authors found that trusting stance was positively related to initial trust level. The authors also found an interaction effect between respondent gender and trustee gender on initial trust. Specifically, male initial trust level was higher for a new male team member and lower for a new female team member. The present study provided additional understanding of the formation of initial trust levels and its importance for team functioning.

76 FR 47617 - BofA Funds Series Trust, et al.;

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-05

... Funds Series Trust, et al.; Notice of Application August 1, 2011. AGENCY: Securities and Exchange... Funds Series Trust (``BAFST'' or ``Trust''), on behalf of its series (the ``Funds'', BofA Advisors, LLC... Incorporated (together with any successor, ``MLPF&S'') (Trust, Advisor and MLPF&S, the ``Applicants'').\\1\\ \\1...

17 CFR 249.1300T - Form MA-T, for temporary registration as a municipal advisor, and for amendments to, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Form MA-T, for temporary... Information Regarding Certain Natural Persons § 249.1300T Form MA-T, for temporary registration as a municipal... Register citations affecting Form MA-T, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding...

Interpersonal Trust across Six Asia-Pacific Countries: Testing and Extending the ‘High Trust Society’ and ‘Low Trust Society’ Theory

PubMed Central

Ward, Paul R.; Mamerow, Loreen; Meyer, Samantha B.

2014-01-01

Background Trust is regarded as a necessary component for the smooth running of society, although societal and political modernising processes have been linked to an increase in mistrust, potentially signalling social and economic problems. Fukuyama developed the notion of ‘high trust’ and ‘low trust’ societies, as a way of understanding trust within different societies. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test and extend Fukuyama’s theory utilising data on interpersonal trust in Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Australia and Thailand. This paper focuses on trust in family, neighbours, strangers, foreigners and people with a different religion. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were undertaken in 2009–10, with an overall sample of 6331. Analyses of differences in overall levels of trust between countries were undertaken using Chi square analyses. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify socio-demographic predictors of trust in each country. Results Our data indicate a tripartite trust model: ‘high trust’ in Australia and Hong Kong; ‘medium trust’ in Japan and Taiwan; and ‘low trust’ in South Korea and Thailand. Trust in family and neighbours were very high across all countries, although trust in people with a different religion, trust in strangers and trust in foreigners varied considerably between countries. The regression models found a consistent group of subpopulations with low trust across the countries: people on low incomes, younger people and people with poor self-rated health. The results were conflicting for gender: females had lower trust in Thailand and Hong Kong, although in Australia, males had lower trust in strangers, whereas females had lower trust in foreigners. Conclusion This paper identifies high, medium and low trust societies, in addition to high and low trusting population subgroups. Our analyses extend the seminal work of Fukuyama, providing both corroboration and

Health, work, social trust, and financial situation in persons with Usher syndrome type 1.

PubMed

Ehn, Mattias; Wahlqvist, Moa; Danermark, Berth; Dahlström, Örjan; Möller, Claes

2018-05-28

Research has demonstrated that persons with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) have significantly poorer physical and psychological health compared to a reference group. To explore the relation between work, health, social trust, and financial situation in USH1 compared to a reference group. Sixty-six persons (18-65 y) from the Swedish Usher database received a questionnaire and 47 were included, 23 working and 24 non-working. The reference group comprised 3,049 working and 198 non-working persons. The Swedish Health on Equal Terms questionnaire was used and statistical analysis with multiple logistic regression was conducted. The USH1 non-work group had a higher Odds ratio (95% CI) in poor psychological and physical health, social trust, and financial situation compared to the USH1 work group and reference groups. Age, gender, hearing, and vision impairment did not explain the differences. The relation between the USH1 work and non-work groups showed the same pattern as the reference groups, but the magnitude of problems was significantly higher. Both disability and unemployment increased the risk of poor health, social trust and financial situation in persons with USH1, but having an employment seemed to counteract the risks related to disability.

TrustRank: a Cold-Start tolerant recommender system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Haitao; Gong, Zhiguo; Zhang, Nan; Zhao, Wei; Guo, Jingzhi

2015-02-01

The explosive growth of the World Wide Web leads to the fast advancing development of e-commerce techniques. Recommender systems, which use personalised information filtering techniques to generate a set of items suitable to a given user, have received considerable attention. User- and item-based algorithms are two popular techniques for the design of recommender systems. These two algorithms are known to have Cold-Start problems, i.e., they are unable to effectively handle Cold-Start users who have an extremely limited number of purchase records. In this paper, we develop TrustRank, a novel recommender system which handles the Cold-Start problem by leveraging the user-trust networks which are commonly available for e-commerce applications. A user-trust network is formed by friendships or trust relationships that users specify among them. While it is straightforward to conjecture that a user-trust network is helpful for improving the accuracy of recommendations, a key challenge for using user-trust network to facilitate Cold-Start users is that these users also tend to have a very limited number of trust relationships. To address this challenge, we propose a pre-processing propagation of the Cold-Start users' trust network. In particular, by applying the personalised PageRank algorithm, we expand the friends of a given user to include others with similar purchase records to his/her original friends. To make this propagation algorithm scalable to a large amount of users, as required by real-world recommender systems, we devise an iterative computation algorithm of the original personalised TrustRank which can incrementally compute trust vectors for Cold-Start users. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the consistently improvement provided by our proposed algorithm over the existing recommender algorithms on the accuracy of recommendations for Cold-Start users.

Assessing Technology in the Absence of Proof: Trust Based on the Interplay of Others' Opinions and the Interaction Process.

PubMed

de Vries, Peter W; van den Berg, Stéphanie M; Midden, Cees

2015-12-01

The present research addresses the question of how trust in systems is formed when unequivocal information about system accuracy and reliability is absent, and focuses on the interaction of indirect information (others' evaluations) and direct (experiential) information stemming from the interaction process. Trust in decision-supporting technology, such as route planners, is important for satisfactory user interactions. Little is known, however, about trust formation in the absence of outcome feedback, that is, when users have not yet had opportunity to verify actual outcomes. Three experiments manipulated others' evaluations ("endorsement cues") and various forms of experience-based information ("process feedback") in interactions with a route planner and measured resulting trust using rating scales and credits staked on the outcome. Subsequently, an overall analysis was conducted. Study 1 showed that effectiveness of endorsement cues on trust is moderated by mere process feedback. In Study 2, consistent (i.e., nonrandom) process feedback overruled the effect of endorsement cues on trust, whereas inconsistent process feedback did not. Study 3 showed that although the effects of consistent and inconsistent process feedback largely remained regardless of face validity, high face validity in process feedback caused higher trust than those with low face validity. An overall analysis confirmed these findings. Experiential information impacts trust even if outcome feedback is not available, and, moreover, overrules indirect trust cues-depending on the nature of the former. Designing systems so that they allow novice users to make inferences about their inner workings may foster initial trust. © 2015, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

26 CFR 1.663(c)-1 - Separate shares treated as separate trusts or as separate estates; in general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of applicable law in situations in which a single trust (or estate) instrument creates not one but... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Separate shares treated as separate trusts or as..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Estates and Trusts Which May...

43 CFR 12.937 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Property trust relationship. 12.937... Requirements § 12.937 Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as...

40 CFR 30.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Property trust relationship. 30.37... Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as trustee for the...

24 CFR 84.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Property trust relationship. 84.37... Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as trustee for the...

49 CFR 19.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Property trust relationship. 19.37 Section 19.37... Requirements Property Standards § 19.37 Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by...

32 CFR 32.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Property trust relationship. 32.37 Section 32.37... trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as trustee for the...

2 CFR 215.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Property trust relationship. 215.37 Section... Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as trustee for the...

34 CFR 74.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Property trust relationship. 74.37 Section 74.37... Property Standards § 74.37 Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property, and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds must be held in trust by the...

Online trust building through third party trust transfer and third party protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wandoko, Wanda; Saleh Abbas, Bahtiar; Budiastuti, Dyah; Kosala, Raymond

2017-03-01

The primary objective of this research is to develop an online trust building mechanism for SME (Small Medium Enterprise). Trust is very important in e-commerce. The nature of online shopping has a greater uncertainty than offline shopping. Seeing as there is an uncertainty that can produce risks, a prospective buyer’s trust is needed. A lot of people’s unwillingness to shop online is caused by their lack of trust toward e-commerce. E-commerce is said to be one of the ways for SME to compete with bigger companies. However, building trust requires immense time and cost. SME with limited resources may experience difficulties in building trust just with their own resources. Base on literature research that needs to be validated in next research, we found that trust can be built through trust transfer from the reputable and well-known trust-mark issuer, and third party protection such as escrow account service and credit card issuer.

Revisiting the Acanthamoeba species that form star-shaped cysts (genotypes T7, T8, T9, and T17): characterization of seven new Brazilian environmental isolates and phylogenetic inferences.

PubMed

Magliano, Ana C M; Teixeira, Marta M G; Alfieri, Silvia C

2012-01-01

Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are the agents of both opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections and are frequently isolated from the environment. Of the 17 genotypes (T1-T17) identified thus far, 4 (T7, T8, T9, and T17) accommodate the rarely investigated species of morphological group I, those that form large, star-shaped cysts. We report the isolation and characterization of 7 new Brazilian environmental Acanthamoeba isolates, all assigned to group I. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial (~1200 bp) SSU rRNA gene sequences placed the new isolates in the robustly supported clade composed of the species of morphological group I. One of the Brazilian isolates is closely related to A. comandoni (genotype T9), while the other 6, together with 2 isolates recently assigned to genotype T17, form a homogeneous, well-supported group (2·0% sequence divergence) that likely represents a new Acanthamoeba species. Thermotolerance, osmotolerance, and cytophatic effects, features often associated with pathogenic potential, were also examined. The results indicated that all 7 Brazilian isolates grow at temperatures up to 40°C, and resist under hyperosmotic conditions. Additionally, media conditioned by each of the new Acanthamoeba isolates induced the disruption of SIRC and HeLa cell monolayers.

Trust Mines: Legal Documents and Settlements

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Legal Documents and Settlements related to the Northern Abandoned Uranium Mines Region including the Phase 1 Settlement Agreement and Environmental Response Trust Agreement, Phase 2 Settlement Agreement Removal Site Evaluation (RSE) Trust Agreement.

[Crises of trust].

PubMed

Chen, Thai-Form; Tseng, Hsing-Chau

2006-02-01

Extensive media coverage is warning of a crisis of trust that has emerged as a serious issue in our society. This article explores the meaning of "crisis," concepts of crisis management, mechanisms for building trust, and the underlying significance of trust and distrust. Evidence is adduced to testify to the erosion of trust and factors in our society that reflect the potential for crises of trust. Organizational decision makers, including hospital managers, are urged to identify and reflect upon weaknesses in their organizations in order that remedial action can be taken to preempt such crises.

78 FR 58605 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8453-EMP, Form 8453-F, Form 8453-FE, Form 8879-F...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-24

... Declaration and Signature for Electronic and Magnetic Made Filing; Form 8453-FE, U.S. Estate or Trust... information or copies of the form and instructions should be directed to Gerald J. Shields, Internal Revenue....Shields@irs.gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Employment Tax Declaration for an IRS e-file Return...

Social trust, interpersonal trust and self-rated health in China: a multi-level study.

PubMed

Feng, Zhixin; Vlachantoni, Athina; Liu, Xiaoting; Jones, Kelvyn

2016-11-08

Trust is important for health at both the individual and societal level. Previous research using Western concepts of trust has shown that a high level of trust in society can positively affect individuals' health; however, it has been found that the concepts and culture of trust in China are different from those in Western countries and research on the relationship between trust and health in China is scarce. The analyses use data from the national scale China General Social Survey (CGSS) on adults aged above 18 in 2005 and 2010. Two concepts of trust ("out-group" and "in-group" trust) are used to examine the relationship between trust and self-rated health in China. Multilevel logistical models are applied, examining the trust at the individual and societal level on individuals' self-rated health. In terms of interpersonal trust, both "out-group" and "in-group" trust are positively associated with good health in 2005 and 2010. At the societal level, the relationships between the two concepts of trust and health are different. In 2005, higher "out-group" social trust (derived from trust in strangers) is positively associated with better health; however, higher "in-group" social trust (derived from trust in most people) is negatively associated with good health in 2010. The cross-level interactions show that lower educated individuals (no education or only primary level), rural residents and those on lower incomes are the most affected groups in societies with higher "out-group" social trust; whereas people with lower levels of educational attainment, a lower income, and those who think that most people can be trusted are the most affected groups in societies with higher "in-group" social trust. High levels of interpersonal trust are of benefit to health. Higher "out-group" social trust is positively associated with better health; while higher "in-group" social trust is negatively associated with good health. Individuals with different levels of educational

5 CFR 2634.403 - Qualified blind trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... less than $1,000; (7) The trustee or his designee shall prepare the trust's income tax return. Under no..., the trust's tax return, any information relating to that return except for a summary of trust income in categories necessary for an interested party to complete his individual tax return, or any...

22 CFR 145.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Property trust relationship. 145.37 Section 145... Standards § 145.37 Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as...

29 CFR 95.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Property trust relationship. 95.37 Section 95.37 Labor... Requirements Property Standards § 95.37 Property trust relationship. Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by...

45 CFR 74.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Property trust relationship. 74.37 Section 74.37... ORGANIZATIONS, AND COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 74.37 Property trust... with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipients as trustee for the beneficiaries of the...

15 CFR 14.37 - Property trust relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Property trust relationship. 14.37... COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 14.37 Property trust relationship. Real... funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as trustee for the beneficiaries of the project or program...

Do people trust dentists? Development of the Dentist Trust Scale.

PubMed

Armfield, J M; Ketting, M; Chrisopoulos, S; Baker, S R

2017-09-01

This study aimed to adapt a measure of trust in physicians to trust in dentists and to assess the reliability and validity of the measure. Questionnaire data were collected from a simple random sample of 596 Australian adults. The 11-item General Trust in Physicians Scale was modified to apply to dentists. The Dentist Trust Scale (DTS) had good internal consistency (α = 0.92) and exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor solution. Lower DTS scores were associated with less trust in the dentist last visited, having previously changed dentists due to unhappiness with the care received, currently having dental pain, usual visiting frequency, dental avoidance, and with past experiences of discomfort, gagging, fainting, embarrassment and personal problems with the dentist. The majority of people appear to exhibit trust in dentists. The DTS shows promising reliability and validity evidence. © 2017 Australian Dental Association.

Regulatory focus and generalized trust: the impact of prevention-focused self-regulation on trusting others.

PubMed

Keller, Johannes; Mayo, Ruth; Greifeneder, Rainer; Pfattheicher, Stefan

2015-01-01

The current research suggests that taking self-regulatory mechanisms into account provides insights regarding individuals' responses to threats in social interactions. In general, based on the notion that a prevention-focused orientation of self-regulation is associated with a need for security and a vigilant tendency to avoid losses and other types of negative events we advocate that a prevention-focused orientation, both as a disposition as well as a situationally induced state, lowers generalized trust, thus hindering cooperation within social interactions that entail threats. Specifically, we found that the more individuals' habitual self-regulatory orientation is dominated by a prevention focus, the less likely they are to score high on a self-report measure of generalized trust (Study 1), and to express trust in a trust game paradigm as manifested in lower sums of transferred money (Studies 2 and 3). Similar findings were found when prevention focus was situationally manipulated (Study 4). Finally, one possible factor underlying the impact of prevention-focused self-regulation on generalized trust was demonstrated as individuals with a special sensitivity to negative information were significantly affected by a subtle prevention focus manipulation (versus control condition) in that they reacted with reduced trust in the trust game (Study 5). In sum, the current findings document the crucial relevance of self-regulatory orientations as conceptualized in regulatory focus theory regarding generalized trust and responses to threats within a social interaction. The theoretical and applied implications of the findings are discussed.

12 CFR 330.13 - Irrevocable trust accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Irrevocable trust accounts. 330.13 Section 330... POLICY DEPOSIT INSURANCE COVERAGE § 330.13 Irrevocable trust accounts. (a) General rule. Funds representing the “non-contingent trust interest(s)” (as defined in § 330.1(l)) of a beneficiary deposited into...

Swift Trust in Distributed Ad Hoc Teams

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-04

individus sont perçus. Et les abus de confiance commis pendant la mission ont nui temporairement à la réputation de leurs auteurs , mais ils n’ont...of theory and research argue that trust may emerge in teams even when the development of conventional person-based trust is challenged. 1.3.1 Swift...good deal of theory (and some research) espouses the importance of “swift trust” in environments where conventional trust would otherwise be

49 CFR 387.307 - Property broker surety bond or trust fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... Evidence of a trust fund with a financial institution must be filed using the FMCSA's prescribed Form BMC... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Property broker surety bond or trust fund. 387.307... MINIMUM LEVELS OF FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR MOTOR CARRIERS Surety Bonds and Policies of Insurance for...

Trusted Computing Management Server Making Trusted Computing User Friendly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sothmann, Sönke; Chaudhuri, Sumanta

Personal Computers (PC) with build in Trusted Computing (TC) technology are already well known and widely distributed. Nearly every new business notebook contains now a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) and could be used with increased trust and security features in daily application and use scenarios. However in real life the number of notebooks and PCs where the TPM is really activated and used is still very small.

77 FR 67689 - Fidelity Aberdeen Street Trust, et al.;

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-13

...] Fidelity Aberdeen Street Trust, et al.; Notice of Application November 6, 2012. AGENCY: Securities and... arrangements (``Prior Order'').\\1\\ \\1\\ Colchester Street Trust, et al., Investment Company Act Release Nos... Trust, et al., Investment Company Act Release Nos. 23787 (Apr. 15, 1999) (notice) and 23831 (May 11...

Hierarchical Trust Management of COI in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-01

PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Form Approved OMB NO. 0704...Report: Hierarchical Trust Management of COI in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of...Institute & State University Title: Hierarchical Trust Management of COI in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks Report Term: 0-Other Email: irchen@vt.edu

24 CFR 92.500 - The HOME Investment Trust Fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false The HOME Investment Trust Fund. 92... Investment Trust Fund. (a) General. A HOME Investment Trust Fund consists of the accounts described in this... Investment Trust Fund United States Treasury account for each participating jurisdiction. Each participating...

26 CFR 1.671-5 - Reporting for widely held fixed investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reporting for widely held fixed investment... § 1.671-5 Reporting for widely held fixed investment trusts. (a) Table of contents. This table of.... (iii) Reporting and withholding with respect to foreign persons. (2) Information to be reported. (i...

Obtaining T1-T2 distribution functions from 1-dimensional T1 and T2 measurements: The pseudo 2-D relaxation model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williamson, Nathan H.; Röding, Magnus; Galvosas, Petrik; Miklavcic, Stanley J.; Nydén, Magnus

2016-08-01

We present the pseudo 2-D relaxation model (P2DRM), a method to estimate multidimensional probability distributions of material parameters from independent 1-D measurements. We illustrate its use on 1-D T1 and T2 relaxation measurements of saturated rock and evaluate it on both simulated and experimental T1-T2 correlation measurement data sets. Results were in excellent agreement with the actual, known 2-D distribution in the case of the simulated data set. In both the simulated and experimental case, the functional relationships between T1 and T2 were in good agreement with the T1-T2 correlation maps from the 2-D inverse Laplace transform of the full 2-D data sets. When a 1-D CPMG experiment is combined with a rapid T1 measurement, the P2DRM provides a double-shot method for obtaining a T1-T2 relationship, with significantly decreased experimental time in comparison to the full T1-T2 correlation measurement.

What predicts the trust of online health information?

PubMed Central

Kwon, Jeong Hyun; Kye, Su-Yeon; Park, Eun Young; Oh, Kyung Hee; Park, Keeho

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVES: Little attention has been paid to levels of trust in online sources of health information. The objective of this study was to investigate levels of trust in various sources of health information (interpersonal channels, traditional media, and Internet media), and to examine the predictors of trust in health information available on the Internet. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 1,300 people (20 years of age or older), evaluating levels of trust in various sources of health information. RESULTS: The highest level of trust was expressed regarding interpersonal channels, with hospital physicians regarded as the most trusted source of information age and income showed an association with trust in online information sources. Elderly people were not likely to trust Internet news sources, and high incomes were found to be strongly associated with trust in online sources of information overall. CONCLUSIONS: Public health organizations must consider the predictors for trust in various sources of information in order to employ appropriate media when targeting vulnerable individuals or developing messaging strategies for health professionals. PMID:26212505

77 FR 36608 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 56-A

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-19

... Form 56-A, Notice Concerning Fiduciary Relationship--Illinois Type Land Trust. DATES: Written comments... Relationship-- Illinois Type Land Trust. OMB Number: 1545-1683. Form Number: 56-A. Abstract: Form 56-A will be...

77 FR 36022 - Notice of Application; Precidian ETFs Trust, et al.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-15

... Application; Precidian ETFs Trust, et al. June 8, 2012. AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission...). \\1\\ Precidian ETFs Trust, Investment Company Act Release Nos. 29692 (June 9, 2011) (notice) and 29712 (July 1, 2011) (order). Applicants: Precidian ETFs Trust (``Trust''), Precidian Funds LLC (``Adviser...

26 CFR 1.665(a)-0 - Excess distributions by trusts; scope of subpart D.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... generally to prevent a shift of tax burden to a trust from a beneficiary or beneficiaries. In the case of a foreign trust created by a U.S. person, subpart D is designed to prevent certain other tax avoidance... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Treatment of Excess Distributions of Trusts...

26 CFR 1.172-10 - Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Net operating losses of real estate investment... Corporations (continued) § 1.172-10 Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts. (a) Taxable years to which a loss may be carried. (1) A net operating loss sustained by a qualified real estate investment...

26 CFR 1.172-10 - Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Net operating losses of real estate investment... Corporations (continued) § 1.172-10 Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts. (a) Taxable years to which a loss may be carried. (1) A net operating loss sustained by a qualified real estate investment...

26 CFR 1.172-10 - Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Net operating losses of real estate investment... Corporations (continued) § 1.172-10 Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts. (a) Taxable years to which a loss may be carried. (1) A net operating loss sustained by a qualified real estate investment...

26 CFR 1.172-10 - Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Net operating losses of real estate investment... Corporations (continued) § 1.172-10 Net operating losses of real estate investment trusts. (a) Taxable years to which a loss may be carried. (1) A net operating loss sustained by a qualified real estate investment...

Social capital and trust in providers.

PubMed

Ahern, Melissa M; Hendryx, Michael S

2003-10-01

Trust in providers has been in decline in recent decades. This study attempts to identify sources of trust in characteristics of health care systems and the wider community. The design is cross-sectional. Data are from (1) the 1996 Household Survey of the Community Tracking Study, drawn from 24 Metropolitan Statistical Areas; (2) a 1996 multi-city broadcast media marketing database including key social capital indicators; (3) Interstudy; (4) the American Hospital Association; and (5) the American Medical Association. Independent variables include individual socio-demographic variables, HMO enrollment, community-level health sector variables, and social capital. The dependent variable is self-reported trust in physicians. Data are merged from the various sources and analyzed using SUDAAN. Subjects include adults in the Household Survey who responded to the items on trust in physicians (N=17,653). Trust in physicians is independently predicted by community social capital (p<0.001). Trust is also negatively related to HMO enrollment and to many individual characteristics. The effect of HMOs is not uniform across all communities. Social capital plays a role in how health care is perceived by citizens, and how health care is delivered by providers. Efforts to build trust and collaboration in a community may improve trust in physicians, health care quality, access, and preserve local health care control.

Paying a Price: Culture, Trust, and Negotiation Consequences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gunia, Brian C.; Brett, Jeanne M.; Nandkeolyar, Amit K.; Kamdar, Dishan

2011-01-01

Three studies contrasting Indian and American negotiators tested hypotheses derived from theory proposing why there are cultural differences in trust and how cultural differences in trust influence negotiation strategy. Study 1 (a survey) documented that Indian negotiators trust their counterparts less than American negotiators. Study 2 (a…

DualTrust: A Distributed Trust Model for Swarm-Based Autonomic Computing Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maiden, Wendy M.; Dionysiou, Ioanna; Frincke, Deborah A.

2011-02-01

For autonomic computing systems that utilize mobile agents and ant colony algorithms for their sensor layer, trust management is important for the acceptance of the mobile agent sensors and to protect the system from malicious behavior by insiders and entities that have penetrated network defenses. This paper examines the trust relationships, evidence, and decisions in a representative system and finds that by monitoring the trustworthiness of the autonomic managers rather than the swarming sensors, the trust management problem becomes much more scalable and still serves to protect the swarm. We then propose the DualTrust conceptual trust model. By addressing themore » autonomic manager’s bi-directional primary relationships in the ACS architecture, DualTrust is able to monitor the trustworthiness of the autonomic managers, protect the sensor swarm in a scalable manner, and provide global trust awareness for the orchestrating autonomic manager.« less

17 CFR 249.1300T - Form MA-T-For temporary registration as a municipal advisor, and for amendments to, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Form MA-T-For temporary registration as a municipal advisor, and for amendments to, and withdrawals from, temporary registration. 249...) FORMS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Forms for Registration of Municipal Advisors § 249.1300T Form MA...

43 CFR 30.180 - May I give up an inherited interest in trust or restricted property or trust personalty?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false May I give up an inherited interest in trust or restricted property or trust personalty? 30.180 Section 30.180 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior INDIAN PROBATE HEARINGS PROCEDURES Renunciation of Interest § 30.180 May I give up an inherited interest in trust or...

Usability and trust in e-banking.

PubMed

Pravettoni, Gabriella; Leotta, Salvatore Nuccio; Lucchiari, Claudio; Misuraca, Raffaella

2007-12-01

This study assessed the role of usability in trust of e-banking services. A questionnaire was administered to 185 Italian undergraduate working students who volunteered for the experiment (M age = 30.5 yr., SD = 3.1). Participants were differentiated on computer ability (Expert, n = 104; Nonexpert, n = 81) and e-banking use (User, n = 93; Nonusers, n = 92). Analysis showed that the website usability of e-banking services did not play a very important role for the User group. Instead, institution-based trust, e.g., the trust in the security policy of the Web merchant, customers, and the overall trust of the bank were the crucial factors in the adoption of e-banking.

78 FR 43251 - Grosvenor Alternative Funds Master Trust, et al.; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-19

... Alternative Funds Master Trust, et al.; Notice of Application July 15, 2013. AGENCY: Securities and Exchange... Alternative Funds Master Trust (``Master Trust''), Grosvenor Alternative Funds (``GAF Trust''), and Grosvenor... calling (202) 551-8090. Applicants' Representations 1. The Master Trust \\1\\ and the GAF Trust...

Establishment of safety paradigms and trust in emerging adult relationships

PubMed Central

Mullinax, Margo; Sanders, Stephanie; Higgins, Jenny; Dennis, Barbara; Reece, Michael; Fortenberry, J. Dennis

2016-01-01

There is a critical need to understand the interplay between relationship trust and public health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of emerging adult women’s processes of establishing trust in sexual relationships. Twenty-five women aged 18–24 years participated in semi-structured interviews. Throughout the interviews, women compared and contrasted experiences in which they felt comfortable engaging in sexual intercourse with a partner versus times in which they did not feel comfortable. Analysis was based on a critical qualitative research orientation. When asked to speak to instances when they felt comfortable having sex, most women spoke about relationship trust. Many participants conceptualised trust based on past experiences with bad relationships or sexual violence. Based on their previous experiences of feeling unsafe or undervalued, emotional and physical security became prioritised in relationship development. Trust was developed through friendship, communication over time, and through shared life experiences. This research is among the first to qualitatively investigate trust formation and other impersonal dynamics related to sexual health decision-making. Insights from this study should be translated into future action by public health practitioners to promote healthy sexual relationships and communication about sexual health topics as a form of trust building. PMID:26943023

Establishment of safety paradigms and trust in emerging adult relationships.

PubMed

Mullinax, Margo; Sanders, Stephanie; Higgins, Jenny; Dennis, Barbara; Reece, Michael; Fortenberry, J Dennis

2016-08-01

There is a critical need to understand the interplay between relationship trust and public health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of emerging adult women's processes of establishing trust in sexual relationships. Twenty-five women aged 18-24 years participated in semi-structured interviews. Throughout the interviews, women compared and contrasted experiences in which they felt comfortable engaging in sexual intercourse with a partner versus times in which they did not feel comfortable. Analysis was based on a critical qualitative research orientation. When asked to speak to instances when they felt comfortable having sex, most women spoke about relationship trust. Many participants conceptualised trust based on past experiences with bad relationships or sexual violence. Based on their previous experiences of feeling unsafe or undervalued, emotional and physical security became prioritised in relationship development. Trust was developed through friendship, communication over time, and through shared life experiences. This research is among the first to qualitatively investigate trust formation and other impersonal dynamics related to sexual health decision-making. Insights from this study should be translated into future action by public health practitioners to promote healthy sexual relationships and communication about sexual health topics as a form of trust building.

25 CFR 115.816 - May a tribe's request for a withdrawal of trust funds from its trust account be delayed or denied?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false May a tribe's request for a withdrawal of trust funds from its trust account be delayed or denied? 115.816 Section 115.816 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES TRUST FUNDS FOR TRIBES AND INDIVIDUAL INDIANS Tribal Accounts Withdrawing Tribal Trust Funds § 115.81...

25 CFR 115.813 - Is there a limit to the amount of trust funds OTFM will disburse from a tribal trust account?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Is there a limit to the amount of trust funds OTFM will disburse from a tribal trust account? 115.813 Section 115.813 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES TRUST FUNDS FOR TRIBES AND INDIVIDUAL INDIANS Tribal Accounts Investing and Managing Tribal Trust Funds §...

Paying a price: culture, trust, and negotiation consequences.

PubMed

Gunia, Brian C; Brett, Jeanne M; Nandkeolyar, Amit K; Kamdar, Dishan

2011-07-01

Three studies contrasting Indian and American negotiators tested hypotheses derived from theory proposing why there are cultural differences in trust and how cultural differences in trust influence negotiation strategy. Study 1 (a survey) documented that Indian negotiators trust their counterparts less than American negotiators. Study 2 (a negotiation simulation) linked American and Indian negotiators' self-reported trust and strategy to their insight and joint gains. Study 3 replicated and extended Study 2 using independently coded negotiation strategy data, allowing for stronger causal inference. Overall, the strategy associated with Indian negotiators' reluctance to extend interpersonal (as opposed to institutional) trust produced relatively poor outcomes. Our data support an expanded theoretical model of negotiation, linking culture to trust, strategies, and outcomes.

Managing healthcare information: analyzing trust.

PubMed

Söderström, Eva; Eriksson, Nomie; Åhlfeldt, Rose-Mharie

2016-08-08

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze two case studies with a trust matrix tool, to identify trust issues related to electronic health records. Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative research approach is applied using two case studies. The data analysis of these studies generated a problem list, which was mapped to a trust matrix. Findings - Results demonstrate flaws in current practices and point to achieving balance between organizational, person and technology trust perspectives. The analysis revealed three challenge areas, to: achieve higher trust in patient-focussed healthcare; improve communication between patients and healthcare professionals; and establish clear terminology. By taking trust into account, a more holistic perspective on healthcare can be achieved, where trust can be obtained and optimized. Research limitations/implications - A trust matrix is tested and shown to identify trust problems on different levels and relating to trusting beliefs. Future research should elaborate and more fully address issues within three identified challenge areas. Practical implications - The trust matrix's usefulness as a tool for organizations to analyze trust problems and issues is demonstrated. Originality/value - Healthcare trust issues are captured to a greater extent and from previously unchartered perspectives.

From small sweeteners to sweet proteins: anatomy of the binding sites of the human T1R2_T1R3 receptor.

PubMed

Morini, Gabriella; Bassoli, Angela; Temussi, Piero A

2005-08-25

The sweet taste receptor, a heterodimeric G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) protein, formed by the T1R2 and T1R3 subunits, recognizes several sweet compounds including carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and synthetic sweeteners. Its similarity with the metabotropic glutamate mGluR1 receptor allowed us to build homology models. All possible dimers formed by combinations of the human T1R2 and T1R3 subunits, modeled on the A (closed) or B (open) chains of the extracellular ligand binding domain of the mGluR1 template, yield four ligand binding sites for low-molecular-weight sweeteners. These sites were probed by docking a set of molecules representative of all classes of sweet compounds and calculating the free energy of ligand binding. These sites are not easily accessible to sweet proteins, but docking experiments in silico showed that sweet proteins can bind to a secondary site without entering the deep cleft. Our models account for many experimental observations on the tastes of sweeteners, including sweetness synergy, and can help to design new sweeteners.

Continuous Calibration of Trust in Automated Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

Airlines Flight 214 in San Francisco. Therefore, understanding how users form, lose, and recover trust in imperfect automation is of critical...1997). Misuse and disuse can have fatal consequences; for example, inappropriate automation reliance has been implicated in the recent crash of Asiana

26 CFR 1.584-5 - Returns of banks with respect to common trust funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Returns of banks with respect to common trust funds. 1.584-5 Section 1.584-5 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Banking Institutions § 1.584-5 Returns of banks...

17 CFR 210.3-15 - Special provisions as to real estate investment trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... EXCHANGE COMMISSION FORM AND CONTENT OF AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SECURITIES ACT OF 1933... Financial Statements § 210.3-15 Special provisions as to real estate investment trusts. (a)(1) The income statement prepared pursuant to § 210.5-03 shall include the following additional captions between those...

TRUST-tPA trial: Telemedicine for remote collaboration with urgentists for stroke-tPA treatment.

PubMed

Mazighi, Mikael; Meseguer, Elena; Labreuche, Julien; Miroux, Patrick; Le Gall, Catherine; Roy, Patricia; Tubach, Florence; Amarenco, Pierre

2017-01-01

allocated in the usual care arm had a higher rate of excellent or favorable outcome. There were no differences in safety outcomes, with only one symptomatic ICH occurring in the tele-thrombolysis arm. Conclusions Stroke patients included in the telemedicine arm of the TRUST-tPA trial increased their rt-PA eligibility five-fold. However, the efficacy and safety remains to be determined (ClinicalTrials.org, NCT00279149).

26 CFR 1.1441-5 - Withholding on payments to partnerships, trusts, and estates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... subject to withholding (as defined in § 1.1441-2(a)) that a withholding agent may treat as made to a U.S... withholding (as defined in § 1.1441-2(a)) that is includible in the gross income of a partner that is a... net income is an amount subject to withholding (as defined in § 1.1441-2(a)). A U.S. simple trust...

16 CFR 802.35 - Acquisitions by employee trusts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Acquisitions by employee trusts. 802.35... Acquisitions by employee trusts. An acquisition of voting securities shall be exempt from the notification requirements of the act if: (a) The securities are acquired by a trust that meets the qualifications of section...

Trust makers, breakers and brokers: building trust in the Australian food system

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The importance of consumer trust in the food supply has previously been identified, and dimensions of consumer trust in food—who they trust and the type of trust that they exhibit—has been explored. However, there is a lack of research about the mechanisms through which consumer trust in the food supply is developed, maintained, broken and repaired. This study seeks to address this gap by exploring if, and how, consumer trust in the food supply is considered by the media, food industry and governments when responding to food scares. The aim of the research is to develop models of trust building that can be implemented following food scares. Methods Semi-structured interviews will be undertaken with media, public relations officials and policy makers in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Participants will be recruited through purposive sampling and will be asked to discuss a hypothetical case study outlining a food incident, and any experiences of specific food scares. Models of trust development, maintenance and repair will be developed from interview data. Comment on these models will be sought from experts in food-related organizations through a Delphi study, where participants will be asked to consider the usefulness of the models. Participants’ comments will be used to revise the models until consensus is reached on the suitability and usability of the models. Discussion This study will contribute to the literature about systems-based trust, and explore trust as a social and regulatory process. The protocol and results will be of interest and use to the food industry, food regulators, consumer advocate groups, media seeking to report food-related issues and policy makers concerned with public health and consumer health and well-being. This research represents an important contribution to the translation of the theoretical conceptualizations of trust into practical use in the context of food. PMID:23496819

Trust makers, breakers and brokers: building trust in the Australian food system.

PubMed

Wilson, Annabelle; Coveney, John; Henderson, Julie; Meyer, Samantha; Calnan, Michael; Caraher, Martin; Webb, Trevor; Elliott, Anthony; Ward, Paul

2013-03-15

The importance of consumer trust in the food supply has previously been identified, and dimensions of consumer trust in food-who they trust and the type of trust that they exhibit-has been explored. However, there is a lack of research about the mechanisms through which consumer trust in the food supply is developed, maintained, broken and repaired. This study seeks to address this gap by exploring if, and how, consumer trust in the food supply is considered by the media, food industry and governments when responding to food scares. The aim of the research is to develop models of trust building that can be implemented following food scares. Semi-structured interviews will be undertaken with media, public relations officials and policy makers in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Participants will be recruited through purposive sampling and will be asked to discuss a hypothetical case study outlining a food incident, and any experiences of specific food scares. Models of trust development, maintenance and repair will be developed from interview data. Comment on these models will be sought from experts in food-related organizations through a Delphi study, where participants will be asked to consider the usefulness of the models. Participants' comments will be used to revise the models until consensus is reached on the suitability and usability of the models. This study will contribute to the literature about systems-based trust, and explore trust as a social and regulatory process. The protocol and results will be of interest and use to the food industry, food regulators, consumer advocate groups, media seeking to report food-related issues and policy makers concerned with public health and consumer health and well-being. This research represents an important contribution to the translation of the theoretical conceptualizations of trust into practical use in the context of food.

New oxirane derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinones and their evaluation against T. cruzi epimastigote forms.

PubMed

Carneiro, Paula F; do Nascimento, Samara B; Pinto, Antonio V; Pinto, Maria do Carmo F R; Lechuga, Guilherme C; Santos, Dilvani O; dos Santos Júnior, Helvécio M; Resende, Jackson A L C; Bourguignon, Saulo C; Ferreira, Vitor F

2012-08-15

New oxirane derivatives were synthesized using six naphthoquinones as the starting materials. Our biological results showed that these oxiranes acted as trypanocidal agents against Trypanosoma cruzi with minimal cytotoxicity in the VERO cell line compared to naphthoquinones. In particular, oxirane derivative 14 showed low cytotoxicity in a mammalian cell line and exhibited better activity against epimastigote forms of T.cruzi than the current drug used to treat Chagas disease, benznidazole. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Trust Project - Symbiotic Human Machine Teams: Social Cueing for Trust and Reliance

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-30

AFRL-RH-WP-TR-2016-0096 THE TRUST PROJECT - SYMBIOTIC HUMAN-MACHINE TEAMS: SOCIAL CUEING FOR TRUST & RELIANCE Susan Rivers, Monika Lohani, Marissa...30 JUN 2012 – 30 JUN 2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE THE TRUST PROJECT - SYMBIOTIC HUMAN-MACHINE TEAMS: SOCIAL CUEING FOR TRUST & RELIANCE 5a. CONTRACT

78 FR 16918 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 976

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-19

..., Public Law 104-13(44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently, the IRS is soliciting comments concerning Form 976..., or Real Estate Investment Trust. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before May 20, 2013... Company, or Real Estate Investment Trust. OMB Number: 1545-0045. Form Number: Form 976. Abstract: Form 976...

Trustful societies, trustful individuals, and health: An analysis of self-rated health and social trust using the World Value Survey.

PubMed

Jen, Min Hua; Sund, Erik R; Johnston, Ron; Jones, Kelvyn

2010-09-01

This study analyses the relationships between self-rated health and both individual and mean national social trust, focusing on a variant of Wilkinson's hypothesis that individuals will be less healthy the greater the lack of social cohesion in a country. It employs multilevel modelling on World Values Survey data across 69 countries with a total sample of 160,436 individuals. The results show that self-rated health are positively linked to social trust at both country and individual levels after controlling for individual socio-demographic and income variables plus individual social trust; increased trust is associated with better health. Moreover, this analysis of social trust gives some insight into distinctive results for the former Soviet Bloc countries, which have high reported levels of poor health, alongside the Scandinavian countries which have high levels of trust and better health situations. Our results support and extend the Wilkinson hypothesis that the level of trust, an indicator of social cohesion, is predictive of individuals' health. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Achieving Optimal Privacy in Trust-Aware Social Recommender Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dokoohaki, Nima; Kaleli, Cihan; Polat, Huseyin; Matskin, Mihhail

Collaborative filtering (CF) recommenders are subject to numerous shortcomings such as centralized processing, vulnerability to shilling attacks, and most important of all privacy. To overcome these obstacles, researchers proposed for utilization of interpersonal trust between users, to alleviate many of these crucial shortcomings. Till now, attention has been mainly paid to strong points about trust-aware recommenders such as alleviating profile sparsity or calculation cost efficiency, while least attention has been paid on investigating the notion of privacy surrounding the disclosure of individual ratings and most importantly protection of trust computation across social networks forming the backbone of these systems. To contribute to addressing problem of privacy in trust-aware recommenders, within this paper, first we introduce a framework for enabling privacy-preserving trust-aware recommendation generation. While trust mechanism aims at elevating recommender's accuracy, to preserve privacy, accuracy of the system needs to be decreased. Since within this context, privacy and accuracy are conflicting goals we show that a Pareto set can be found as an optimal setting for both privacy-preserving and trust-enabling mechanisms. We show that this Pareto set, when used as the configuration for measuring the accuracy of base collaborative filtering engine, yields an optimized tradeoff between conflicting goals of privacy and accuracy. We prove this concept along with applicability of our framework by experimenting with accuracy and privacy factors, and we show through experiment how such optimal set can be inferred.