First Principle and Experimental Study for Site Preferences of Formability Improved Alloying Elements in Mg Crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Ying; Jiang, Bin; Shi, Ouling; Quan, Gaofen; Al-Ezzi, Salih; Pan, FuSheng

2018-03-01

Some alloying elements (Al, Er, Gd, Li, Mn, Sn, Y, Zn) were proved recently by calculations or experiments to improve the formability of Mg alloys, but ignoring their site preference in Mg crystals during the calculated process. A crystallographic model was built via first principle calculations to predict the site preferences of these elements. Regularities between doping elements and site preferences were summarized. Meanwhile, in the basis of the crystallographic model, a series of formulas were deduced combining the diffraction law. It predicted that a crystal plane with abnormal XRD peak intensity of the Mg-based solid solutions, compared to that of the pure Mg, prefers to possess solute atoms. Thus, three single-phase solid solution alloys were then prepared through an original In-situ Solution Treatment, and their XRD patterns were compared. Finally, the experiment further described the site preferences of these solute atoms in Mg crystal, verifying the calculation results.

Effect of TMP variables upon structure and properties in ODS alloy HDA 8077 sheet. [ThermoMechanical Processing of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened nickel alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rothman, M. F.; Tawancy, H. M.

1980-01-01

The effects of oxide content level and variations in thermomechanical processing upon the final structure and properties of HDA 8077 sheet have been systematically examined. It was found that creep strength and formability are substantially influenced by both oxide content and TMP schedule. Variations in creep properties obtained appear to correlate with observed microstructures.

Forming characteristics of artificial aging Al-Mg-Si-Cu sheet alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klos, Artur; Kellner, Sven; Wortberg, Daniel; Walter, Philipp; Bassi, Corrado; Merklein, Marion

2017-10-01

AA6111 is a commonly used aluminum alloy for body-in-white (BIW) components with good bake-hardening response, high strength and excellent formability. For industrial applications various process strategies are considered to reach strength of about 250 MPa in the final body part with that type of alloy. The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent process strategies of high-strength AA6111 sheets to evaluate the forming characteristics, precipitation kinetics dissolution and mechanical properties in the final condition. The forming behavior is investigated by four potential process chains after single-stage or multi-stage heat treatment including T4 (pre-aged at > 80 °C after quenching), T61 (T4 + artificial aged at 120-150 °C for 10-18 h), T6 (T4 + artificial aged at 180-220°C up to 12 h) and PFHT (T4 + post form heat treatment at 205°C for 30 min). The experimental input for characterization of the formability consists of tensile tests, bending tests and drawing tests. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is used, to correlate the forming behavior with the precipitation distribution in the advanced stages of aging. The study shows that the forming behavior is strongly dependent on the condition the alloy.

Single point incremental forming: Formability of PC sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Formisano, A.; Boccarusso, L.; Carrino, L.; Lambiase, F.; Minutolo, F. Memola Capece

2018-05-01

Recent research on Single Point Incremental Forming of polymers has slightly covered the possibility of expanding the materials capability window of this flexible forming process beyond metals, by demonstrating the workability of thermoplastic polymers at room temperature. Given the different behaviour of polymers compared to metals, different aspects need to be deepened to better understand the behaviour of these materials when incrementally formed. Thus, the aim of the work is to investigate the formability of incrementally formed polycarbonate thin sheets. To this end, an experimental investigation at room temperature was conducted involving formability tests; varying wall angle cone and pyramid frusta were manufactured by processing polycarbonate sheets with different thicknesses and using tools with different diameters, in order to draw conclusions on the formability of polymer sheets through the evaluation of the forming angles and the observation of the failure mechanisms.

Formability analysis of sheet metals by cruciform testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güler, B.; Alkan, K.; Efe, M.

2017-09-01

Cruciform biaxial tests are increasingly becoming popular for testing the formability of sheet metals as they achieve frictionless, in-plane, multi-axial stress states with a single sample geometry. However, premature fracture of the samples during testing prevents large strain deformation necessary for the formability analysis. In this work, we introduce a miniature cruciform sample design (few mm test region) and a test setup to achieve centre fracture and large uniform strains. With its excellent surface finish and optimized geometry, the sample deforms with diagonal strain bands intersecting at the test region. These bands prevent local necking and concentrate the strains at the sample centre. Imaging and strain analysis during testing confirm the uniform strain distributions and the centre fracture are possible for various strain paths ranging from plane-strain to equibiaxial tension. Moreover, the sample deforms without deviating from the predetermined strain ratio at all test conditions, allowing formability analysis under large strains. We demonstrate these features of the cruciform test for three sample materials: Aluminium 6061-T6 alloy, DC-04 steel and Magnesium AZ31 alloy, and investigate their formability at both the millimetre scale and the microstructure scale.

Increasing the formability of ferritic stainless steel tube by granular medium-based hot forming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, H.; Staupendahl, D.; Hiegemann, L.; Tekkaya, A. E.

2017-09-01

Ferritic stainless steel without the alloy constituent nickel is an economical substitution for austenitic stainless steel in the automotive industry. Its lower formability, however, oftentimes prevents the direct material substitution in forming processes such as hydroforming, necessitating new forming strategies. To extend the forming capacity of ferritic stainless steel tube, the approach of forming at elevated temperatures is proposed. Utilizing granular material as forming medium, high forming temperatures up to 900°C are realized. The forming process works by moving punches axially into the granular medium, thereby, compressing it and causing axial as well as radial pressure. In experimental and numerical investigations it is shown that interfacial friction between the granular medium and the tube inherently causes tube feed, resulting in stain states in the tension-compression region of the FLD. Formability data for this region are gained by notched tensile tests, which are performed at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures. The measured data show that the formability is improved at forming temperatures higher than 700°C. This observed formability increase is experimentally validated using a demonstrator geometry, which reaches expansion ratios that show fracture in specimens formed at room temperature.

Strength and Formability Improvement of Al-Cu-Mn Aluminum Alloy Complex Parts by Thermomechanical Treatment with Sheet Hydroforming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yi-Zhe; Liu, Wei; Yuan, Shi-Jian

2015-05-01

Normally, the strength and formability of aluminum alloys can be increased largely by severe plastic deformation and heat treatment. However, many plastic deformation processes are more suitable for making raw material, not for formed parts. In this article, an experimental study of the thermomechanical treatment by using the sheet hydroforming process was developed to improve both mechanical strength and formability for aluminum alloys in forming complex parts. The limiting drawing ratio, thickness, and strain distribution of complex parts formed by sheet hydroforming were investigated to study the formability and sheet-deformation behavior. Based on the optimal formed parts, the tensile strength, microhardness, grain structure, and strengthening precipitates were analyzed to identify the strengthening effect of thermomechanical treatment. The results show that in the solution state, the limiting drawing ratio of cylindrical parts could be increased for 10.9% compared with traditional deep drawing process. The peak values of tensile stress and microhardness of formed parts are 18.0% and 12.5% higher than that in T6 state. This investigation shows that the thermomechanical treatment by sheet hydroforming is a potential method for the products manufacturing of aluminum alloy with high strength and good formability.

Analysis of Square Cup Deep-Drawing Test of Pure Titanium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogawa, Takaki; Ma, Ninshu; Ueyama, Minoru; Harada, Yasunori

2016-08-01

The prediction of formability of titunium is more difficult than steels since its strong anisotropy. If computer simulation can estimate the formability of titanium, we can select the optimal forming conditions. The purpose of this study was to acquire knowledge for the formability prediction by the computer simulation of the square cup deep-drawing of pure titanium. In this paper, the results of FEM analsis of pure titanium were compared with the experimental results to examine the analysis validity. We analyzed the formability of deepdrawing square cup of titanium by the FEM using solid elements. Compared the analysis results with the experimental results such as the forming shape, the punch load, and the thickness, the validity was confirmed. Further, through analyzing the change of the thickness around the forming corner, it was confirmed that the thickness increased to its maximum value during forming process at the stroke of 35mm more than the maximum stroke.

Investigation of the formability of aluminium alloys at elevated temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tisza, M.; Budai, D.; Kovács, P. Z.; Lukács, Zs

2016-11-01

Aluminium alloys are more and more widely applied in car body manufacturing. Increasing the formability of aluminium alloys are one of the most relevant tasks in todays’ research topics. In this paper, the focus will be on the investigation of the formability of aluminium alloys concerning those material grades that are more widely applied in the automotive industry including the 5xxx and 6xxx aluminium alloy series. Recently, besides the cold forming of aluminium sheets the forming of aluminium alloys at elevated temperatures became a hot research topic, too. In our experimental investigations, we mostly examined the EN AW 5754 and EN AW 6082 aluminium alloys at elevated temperatures. We analysed the effect of various material and process parameters (e.g. temperature, sheet thickness) on the formability of aluminium alloys with particular emphasis on the Forming Limit Diagrams at elevated temperatures in order to find the optimum forming conditions for these alloys.

Formability analysis of aluminum alloys through deep drawing process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pranavi, U.; Janaki Ramulu, Perumalla; Chandramouli, Ch; Govardhan, Dasari; Prasad, PVS. Ram

2016-09-01

Deep drawing process is a significant metal forming process used in the sheet metal forming operations. From this process complex shapes can be manufactured with fewer defects. Deep drawing process has different effectible process parameters from which an optimum level of parameters should be identified so that an efficient final product with required mechanical properties will be obtained. The present work is to evaluate the formability of Aluminum alloy sheets using deep drawing process. In which effects of punch radius, lubricating conditions, die radius, and blank holding forces on deep drawing process observed for AA 6061 aluminum alloy sheet of 2 mm thickness. The numerical simulations are performed for deep drawing of square cups using three levels of aforesaid parameters like lubricating conditions and blank holding forces and two levels of punch radii and die radii. For numerical simulation a commercial FEM code is used in which Hollomon's power law and Hill's 1948 yield criterions are implemented. The deep drawing setup used in the FEM code is modeled using a CAD tool by considering the modeling requirements from the literature. Two different strain paths (150x150mm and 200x200mm) are simulated. Punch forces, thickness distributions and dome heights are evaluated for all the conditions. In addition failure initiation and propagation is also observed. From the results, by increasing the coefficient of friction and blank holding force, punch force, thickness distribution and dome height variations are observed. The comparison has done and the optimistic parameters were suggested from the results. From this work one can predict the formability for different strain paths without experimentation.

Heated Hydro-Mechanical Deep Drawing of Magnesium Sheet Metal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurz, Gerrit

In order to reduce fuel consumption efforts have been made to decrease the weight of automobile constructions by increasing the use of lightweight materials. In this field of application magnesium alloys are important because of their low density. A promising alternative to large surfaced and thin die casting parts has been found in construction parts that are manufactured by sheet metal forming of magnesium. Magnesium alloys show a limited formability at room temperature. A considerable improvement of formability can be achieved by heating the material. Formability increases above a temperature of approximately T = 225 °C.

Formability of new high performance A710 grade 50 structural steel.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

This project compared the formability of modified ASTM A710 Grade B50 ksi yield strength steel, jointly developed by : Northwestern University and the Illinois Department of Transportation, with ASTM A606 Type 4 weathering steel used in Illinois : an...

Effects of Annealing Process on the Formability of Friction Stir Welded Al-Li Alloy 2195 Plates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Po-Shou; Bradford, Vann; Russell, Carolyn

2011-01-01

Large rocket cryogenic tank domes have typically been fabricated using Al-Cu based alloys like Al-Cu alloy 2219. The use of aluminum-lithium based alloys for rocket fuel tank domes can reduce weight because aluminum-lithium alloys have lower density and higher strength than Al-Cu alloy 2219. However, Al-Li alloys have rarely been used to fabricate rocket fuel tank domes because of the inherent low formability characteristic that make them susceptible to cracking during the forming operations. The ability to form metal by stretch forming or spin forming without excessive thinning or necking depends on the strain hardening exponent "n". The stain hardening exponent is a measure of how rapidly a metal becomes stronger and harder. A high strain hardening exponent is beneficial to a material's ability to uniformly distribute the imposed strain. Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a novel annealing process that can achieve a work hardening exponent on the order of 0.27 to 0.29, which is approximately 50% higher than what is typically obtained for Al-Li alloys using the conventional method. The strain hardening exponent of the Al-Li alloy plates or blanks heat treated using the conventional method is typically on the order of 0.17 to 0.19. The effects of this novel annealing process on the formability of friction stir welded Al-Li alloy blanks are being studied at Marshall Space Flight Center. The formability ratings will be generated using the strain hardening exponent, strain rate sensitivity and forming range. The effects of forming temperature on the formability will also be studied. The objective of this work is to study the deformation behavior of the friction stir welded Al-Li alloy 2195 blank and determine the formability enhancement by the new annealing process.

Experimental Investigations on Formability of Aluminum Tailor Friction Stir Welded Blanks in Deep Drawing Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kesharwani, R. K.; Panda, S. K.; Pal, S. K.

2015-02-01

In the present work, tailor friction stir welded blanks (TFSWBs) were fabricated successfully using 2.0-mm-thick AA5754-H22 and AA5052-H32 sheet metals with optimized tool design and process parameters. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array has been used to design the friction stir welding experiments, and the Grey relational analysis has been applied for the multi objective optimization in order to maximize the weld strength and total elongation reducing the surface roughness and energy consumption. The formability of the TFSWBs and parent materials was evaluated and compared in terms of limiting drawing ratio (LDR) using a conventional circular die. It was found that the formability of the TFSWBs was comparable with that of both the parent materials without failure in the weldment. A modified conical tractrix die (MCTD) was proposed to enhance the LDR of the TFSWBs. It was found that the formability was improved by 27% using the MCTD.

Evaluation of factors affecting the edge formability of two hot rolled multiphase steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukherjee, Monideepa; Tiwari, Sumit; Bhattacharya, Basudev

2018-02-01

In this study, the effect of various factors on the hole expansion ratio and hence on the edge formability of two hot rolled multiphase steels, one with a ferrite-martensite microstructure and the other with a ferrite-bainite microstructure, was investigated through systematic microstructural and mechanical characterization. The study revealed that the microstructure of the steels, which determines their strain hardening capacity and fracture resistance, is the principal factor controlling edge formability. The influence of other factors such as tensile strength, ductility, anisotropy, and thickness, though present, are secondary. A critical evaluation of the available empirical models for hole expansion ratio prediction is also presented.

Influences on the formability and mechanical properties of 7000-aluminum alloys in hot and warm forming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behrens, B.-A.; Nürnberger, F.; Bonk, C.; Hübner, S.; Behrens, S.; Vogt, H.

2017-09-01

Aluminum alloys of the 7000 series possess high lightweight potential due to their high specific tensile strength combined with a good ultimate elongation. For this reason, hot-formed boron-manganese-steel parts can be substituted by these alloys. Therefore, the application of these aluminum alloys for structural car body components is desired to decrease the weight of the body in white and consequently CO2 emissions during vehicle operation. These days, the limited formability at room temperature limits an application in the automobile industry. By increasing the deformation temperature, formability can be improved. In this study, two different approaches to increase the formability of these alloys by means of higher temperatures were investigated. The first approach is a warm forming route to form sheets in T6 temper state with high tensile strength at temperatures between 150 °C and 300 °C. The second approach is a hot forming route. Here, the material is annealed at solution heat treatment temperature and formed directly after the annealing step. Additionally, a quench step is included in the forming stage. After the forming and quenching step, the sheets have to be artificially aged to achieve the high specific tensile strength. In this study, several parameters in the presented process routes, which influence the formability and the mechanical properties, have been investigated for the aluminum alloys EN AW7022 and EN AW7075.

Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Similar- and Dissimilar-Alloy Friction Stir Welded Blanks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zadpoor, Amir Abbas; Sinke, Jos

2011-01-01

Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process with relatively low welding temperatures. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of friction stir welded blanks are degraded after welding. Indeed, both strength and ductility of the welds are decreased after welding. Often, the resulting friction stir welded blanks need to be formed to their final structural shape. Therefore, the formability of friction stir welded blanks is of primary importance in the manufacturing of structural parts. This paper studies how the mechanical properties and particularly formability of friction stir welded blanks can be improved by applying a post weld heat treatment. Two aluminum alloys from 2000 and 7000 series, namely 2024-T3 and 7075-T6, are selected for the study. The sheet thickness of both materials is 2,0 mm. The selected alloys are welded in three configurations: 2024-T3 and 2024-T3, 7075-T6 and 7075-T6, and 2024-T3 and 7075-T6. The resulting welds are naturally aged for a few months. Three sets of standard dog bone shape tensile test specimens are then machined from the welds. The first set of the specimens is tested without any heat treatment. The second set of the specimens is solution heat treated and quenched before testing. The third set of the specimens is solution heat treated, quenched, and naturally aged for a week before testing. The mechanical properties of the three different sets of specimens are compared with each other. It is shown that careful selection of post weld heat-treatment can greatly improve the formability of friction stir welded blanks.

Evolutions of Advanced Stamping CAE — Technology Adventures and Business Impact on Automotive Dies and Stamping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Chuantao (C. T.)

2005-08-01

In the past decade, sheet metal forming and die development has been transformed to a science-based and technology-driven engineering and manufacturing enterprise from a tryout-based craft. Stamping CAE, especially the sheet metal forming simulation, as one of the core components in digital die making and digital stamping, has played a key role in this historical transition. The stamping simulation technology and its industrial applications have greatly impacted automotive sheet metal product design, die developments, die construction and tryout, and production stamping. The stamping CAE community has successfully resolved the traditional formability problems such as splits and wrinkles. The evolution of the stamping CAE technology and business demands opens even greater opportunities and challenges to stamping CAE community in the areas of (1) continuously improving simulation accuracy, drastically reducing simulation time-in-system, and improving operationalability (friendliness), (2) resolving those historically difficult-to-resolve problems such as dimensional quality problems (springback and twist) and surface quality problems (distortion and skid/impact lines), (3) resolving total manufacturability problems in line die operations including blanking, draw/redraw, trim/piercing, and flanging, and (4) overcoming new problems in forming new sheet materials with new forming techniques. In this article, the author first provides an overview of the stamping CAE technology adventures and achievements, and industrial applications in the past decade. Then the author presents a summary of increasing manufacturability needs from the formability to total quality and total manufacturability of sheet metal stampings. Finally, the paper outlines the new needs and trends for continuous improvements and innovations to meet increasing challenges in line die formability and quality requirements in automotive stamping.

Assessment of the Critical Parameters Influencing the Edge Stretchability of Advanced High-Strength Steel Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pathak, N.; Butcher, C.; Worswick, M.

2016-11-01

The edge formability of ferritic-martensitic DP (dual-phase) and ferritic-bainitic CP (complex-phase) steels was evaluated using a hole expansion test for different edge conditions. Hole expansion tests involving the standard conical punch as well as a custom flat punch were performed to investigate formability when the hole is expanded out-of-plane (conical punch) and in-plane using the flat punch. A range of edge conditions were considered, in order to isolate the influence of a range of factors thought to influence edge formability. The results demonstrate that work hardening and void damage at the sheared edge govern formability, while the sheared surface quality plays a minor or secondary role. A comparison of the edge stretching limits of DP and CP steels demonstrates the advantages of a ferritic-bainitic microstructure for forming operations with severe local deformation as in a stretch-flanging operation. A comparison of a traditional DP780 steel with a CP steel of similar strength showed that the edge stretching limit of the CP steel was three times larger than that of the DP780.

Super-formable pure magnesium at room temperature.

PubMed

Zeng, Zhuoran; Nie, Jian-Feng; Xu, Shi-Wei; H J Davies, Chris; Birbilis, Nick

2017-10-17

Magnesium, the lightest structural metal, is difficult to form at room temperature due to an insufficient number of deformation modes imposed by its hexagonal structure and a strong texture developed during thermomechanical processes. Although appropriate alloying additions can weaken the texture, formability improvement is limited because alloying additions do not fundamentally alter deformation modes. Here we show that magnesium can become super-formable at room temperature without alloying. Despite possessing a strong texture, magnesium can be cold rolled to a strain at least eight times that possible in conventional processing. The resultant cold-rolled sheet can be further formed without cracking due to grain size reduction to the order of one micron and inter-granular mechanisms becoming dominant, rather than the usual slip and twinning. These findings provide a pathway for developing highly formable products from magnesium and other hexagonal metals that are traditionally difficult to form at room temperature.Replacing steel or aluminium vehicle parts with magnesium would result in reduced emissions, but shaping magnesium without cracking remains challenging. Here, the authors successfully extrude and roll textured magnesium into ductile foil at low temperatures by activating intra-granular mechanisms.

New Forming Technologies for Autobody at POSCO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Hong-Woo; Cha, Myung-Hwan; Choi, Byung-Keun; Kim, Gyo-Sung; Park, Sung-Ho

2011-08-01

As development of car body with light weight and enhanced safety became one of the hottest issues in the auto industry, the advanced high strength steels have been broadly applied to various automotive parts over the last few years. Corresponding to this trend, POSCO has developed various types of cold and hot rolled AHSSs such as DP, TRIP, CP and FB, and continues to develop new types of steel in order to satisfy the requirement of OEMs more extensively. To provide optimal technical supports to customers, POSCO has developed more advanced EVI concept, which includes the concept of CE/SE, VA/VE, VI and PP as well as the conventional EVI strategy. To realize this concept, POSCO not only supports customers with material data, process guideline, and evaluation of formability, weld-ability, paint-ability and performance but also provides parts or sub-assemblies which demand highly advanced technologies. Especially, to accelerate adoption of AHSS in autobody, POSCO has tried to come up with optimal solutions to AHSS forming. Application of conventional forming technologies has been restricted more and more by relatively low formability of AHSS with high tensile-strength. To overcome the limitation in the forming, POSCO has recently developed new forming technologies such as hydro-forming, hot press forming, roll forming and form forming. In this paper, tailored strength HPF, hydroformed torsion beam axle and multi-directional roll forming are introduced as examples of new forming technologies.

Mechanical characterization of a short fiber-reinforced polymer at room temperature: experimental setups evaluated by an optical measurement system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Röhrig, C.; Scheffer, T.; Diebels, S.

2017-09-01

Composite materials are of great interest for industrial applications because of their outstanding properties. Each composite material has its own characteristics due to the large number of possible combinations of matrix and filler. As a result of their compounding, composites usually show a complex material behavior. This work is focused on the experimental testing of a short fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite at room temperature. The characteristic behavior of this material class is often based on a superposition of typical material effects. The predicted characteristic material properties such as elasto-plasticity, damage and anisotropy of the investigated material are obtained from results of cyclic uniaxial tensile tests at constant strain rate. Concerning the manufacturing process as well as industrial applications, the experimental investigations are extended to multiaxial loading situations. Therefore, the composite material is examined with a setup close to a deep-drawing process, the Nakajima test (Nakazima et al. in Study on the formability of steel sheets. Yawate Technical Report No. 264, pp 8517-8530, 1968). The evaluation of the experimental investigations is provided by an optical analysis system using a digital image correlation software. Finally, based on the results of the uniaxial tensile tests, a one-dimensional macroscopic model is introduced and first results of the simulation are provided.

A measure of plastic anisotropy for hexagonal close packed metals: Application to alloying effects on the formability of Mg

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arul Kumar, Mariyappan; Beyerlein, Irene Jane; Tome, Carlos N.

Mg is inherently plastically anisotropic and, over the years, alloying development efforts have sought to reduce the plastic anisotropy in order to enhance formability. To understand the relationship between alloy type and plastic anisotropy, we use a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal plasticity model to relate the macroscopic constitutive response to the underlying slip and twinning mechanisms in pure Mg and several Mg alloys. In the calculations, the influence of alloy type is represented by the differences in the CRSS values among the basal, prismatic, pyramidal slip and tensile twin systems. We show that for the same initial texture, this microscopic-levelmore » CRSS anisotropy can have a significant effect on the macroscopic indicators of formability, namely the anisotropy of the post-deformation polycrystal yield surface, tension-compression yield asymmetry, and Lankford coefficients. A plastic anisotropy (PA) measure is formulated to quantify the degree of single crystal plastic anisotropy acquired by the dissimilarities in the CRSS values of the slip and twinning modes for a given alloy. We demonstrate a strong correlation between the PA measure with the formability indicators mentioned above for multiple initial textures commonly enountered in processing. In conclusion, we find that alloys can be classified into two groups, those with a PA value below 2, which are more formable, less twinnable, and less sensitive to initial texture, where PA ~2 for pure Mg, and those with a PA value above 2, which possess the opposite deformation response.« less

Application Of A New Semi-Empirical Model For Forming Limit Prediction Of Sheet Material Including Superposed Loads Of Bending And Shearing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Held, Christian; Liewald, Mathias; Schleich, Ralf; Sindel, Manfred

2010-06-01

The use of lightweight materials offers substantial strength and weight advantages in car body design. Unfortunately such kinds of sheet material are more susceptible to wrinkling, spring back and fracture during press shop operations. For characterization of capability of sheet material dedicated to deep drawing processes in the automotive industry, mainly Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) are used. However, new investigations at the Institute for Metal Forming Technology have shown that High Strength Steel Sheet Material and Aluminum Alloys show increased formability in case of bending loads are superposed to stretching loads. Likewise, by superposing shearing on in plane uniaxial or biaxial tension formability changes because of materials crystallographic texture. Such mixed stress and strain conditions including bending and shearing effects can occur in deep-drawing processes of complex car body parts as well as subsequent forming operations like flanging. But changes in formability cannot be described by using the conventional FLC. Hence, for purpose of improvement of failure prediction in numerical simulation codes significant failure criteria for these strain conditions are missing. Considering such aspects in defining suitable failure criteria which is easy to implement into FEA a new semi-empirical model has been developed considering the effect of bending and shearing in sheet metals formability. This failure criterion consists of the combination of the so called cFLC (combined Forming Limit Curve), which considers superposed bending load conditions and the SFLC (Shear Forming Limit Curve), which again includes the effect of shearing on sheet metal's formability.

A measure of plastic anisotropy for hexagonal close packed metals: Application to alloying effects on the formability of Mg

DOE PAGES

Arul Kumar, Mariyappan; Beyerlein, Irene Jane; Tome, Carlos N.

2016-11-01

Mg is inherently plastically anisotropic and, over the years, alloying development efforts have sought to reduce the plastic anisotropy in order to enhance formability. To understand the relationship between alloy type and plastic anisotropy, we use a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal plasticity model to relate the macroscopic constitutive response to the underlying slip and twinning mechanisms in pure Mg and several Mg alloys. In the calculations, the influence of alloy type is represented by the differences in the CRSS values among the basal, prismatic, pyramidal slip and tensile twin systems. We show that for the same initial texture, this microscopic-levelmore » CRSS anisotropy can have a significant effect on the macroscopic indicators of formability, namely the anisotropy of the post-deformation polycrystal yield surface, tension-compression yield asymmetry, and Lankford coefficients. A plastic anisotropy (PA) measure is formulated to quantify the degree of single crystal plastic anisotropy acquired by the dissimilarities in the CRSS values of the slip and twinning modes for a given alloy. We demonstrate a strong correlation between the PA measure with the formability indicators mentioned above for multiple initial textures commonly enountered in processing. In conclusion, we find that alloys can be classified into two groups, those with a PA value below 2, which are more formable, less twinnable, and less sensitive to initial texture, where PA ~2 for pure Mg, and those with a PA value above 2, which possess the opposite deformation response.« less

Formability and thermal stability of phase in (Fe1-y Coy)-(B, C, N) films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sunaga, K.; Kadowaki, S.; Tsunoda, M.; Takahashi, M.

2004-06-01

In order to find a way to obtain stable -Fe16X2 phase, the formability and thermal stability of (bct) phase were discussed. According to a rigid sphere model, we concluded that the less formability of B for the phase is due to its large atomic radius. We elucidated the difference of thermal stability of -Fe-X, taking into account their decomposition process. While, the decomposition of -Fe-N progresses only by the migration of N, without changing the bone structure of Fe lattice, the additional energy is needed to break the original α-Fe lattice in the cases of α-Fe-B and α-Fe-C. Therefore thermal stability of α-Fe-B and α-Fe-C is higher than that of α-Fe-N.

Formability of Annealed Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fann, K. J.; Su, J. Y.; Chang, C. H.

2018-03-01

Ni-Ti shape memory alloy has two specific properties, superelasiticity and shape memory effect, and thus is widely applied in diverse industries. To extend its application, this study attempts to investigate the strength and cold formability of its sheet blank, which is annealed at various temperatures, by hardness test and by Erichsen-like cupping test. As a result, the higher the annealing temperature, the lower the hardness, the lower the maximum punch load as the sheet blank fractured, and the lower the Erichsen-like index or the lower the formability. In general, the Ni-Ti sheet after annealing has an Erichsen-like index between 8 mm and 9 mm. This study has also confirmed via DSC that the Ni-Ti shape memory alloy possesses the austenitic phase and shows the superelasticity at room temperature.

Cold formability prediction by the modified maximum force criterion with a non-associated Hill48 model accounting for anisotropic hardening

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lian, J.; Ahn, D. C.; Chae, D. C.; Münstermann, S.; Bleck, W.

2016-08-01

Experimental and numerical investigations on the characterisation and prediction of cold formability of a ferritic steel sheet are performed in this study. Tensile tests and Nakajima tests were performed for the plasticity characterisation and the forming limit diagram determination. In the numerical prediction, the modified maximum force criterion is selected as the localisation criterion. For the plasticity model, a non-associated formulation of the Hill48 model is employed. With the non-associated flow rule, the model can result in a similar predictive capability of stress and r-value directionality to the advanced non-quadratic associated models. To accurately characterise the anisotropy evolution during hardening, the anisotropic hardening is also calibrated and implemented into the model for the prediction of the formability.

Formability behavior studies on CP-Al sheets processed through the helical tool path of incremental forming process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Markanday, H.; Nagarajan, D.

2018-02-01

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a novel die-less sheet metal forming process, which can produce components directly from the CAD geometry using a CNC milling machine at less production time and cost. The formability of the sheet material used is greatly affected by the process parameters involved and tool path adopted, and the present study is aimed to investigate the influence of different process parameter values using the helical tool path strategy on the formability of a commercial pure Al and to achieve maximum formability in the material. ISF experiments for producing an 80 mm diameter axisymmetric dome were carried out on 2 mm thickness commercially pure Al sheets for different tool speeds and feed rates in a CNC milling machine with a 10 mm hemispherical forming tool. The obtained parts were analyzed for springback, amount of thinning and maximum forming depth. The results showed that when the tool speed was increased by keeping the feed rate constant, the forming depth and thinning were also increased. On contrary, when the feed rate was increased by keeping the tool speed constant, the forming depth and thinning were decreased. Springback was found to be higher when the feed rate was increased rather than the tool speed was increased.

Microstructure, mechanical properties and stretch formability of Mg-3Al-0.5Ca-0.2Gd alloy processed at various finish rolling temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Qiang; Jiang, Haitao; Zhang, Yun

2018-04-01

Effects of various finish rolling temperatures on the microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and stretch formability of rolled and annealed Mg-3Al-0.5Ca-0.2Gd (wt%) alloy were investigated in this paper, and it was found that compared with grain size and second phase particles, the basal textures, tensile properties and stretch formability Mg-3Al-0.5Ca-0.2Gd alloy are more sensitive to the increasing finishing rolling temperature. For the rolled and annealed Mg-3Al-0.5Ca-0.2Gd alloy, their grains barely grow up and second phase particles are slightly coarsened, while their basal poles are obviously weakened and tilted with increasing finish rolling temperature. Consequently, the weakened and RD-tilted basal textures are beneficial to the gradually improved elongation and stretch formability of Mg-3Al-0.5Ca-0.2Gd alloy. It is investigated that the gradually activated non-basal slips, e. g. 〈c 〉, 〈c + a〉 dislocations due to the increasing finish rolling temperature could contribute to the weakened RD-tilted textures in rolled and annealed Mg-3Al-0.5Ca-0.2Gd alloy.

Fabrication process analysis and experimental verification for aluminum bipolar plates in fuel cells by vacuum die-casting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Chul Kyu; Kang, Chung Gil

2011-10-01

There are various methods for the fabrication of bipolar plates, but these are still limited to machining and stamping processes. High-pressure die casting (HPDC) is an ideal process for the manufacture of bipolar plates This study aims to investigate the formability of bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) fabricated by vacuum HPDC of an Al-Mg alloy (ALDC6). The cavity of the mold consisted of a thin-walled plate (200 mm × 200 mm × 0.8 mm) with a layer of serpentine channel (50 mm × 50 mm). The location and direction of the channel in the final mold design was determined by computational simulation (MAGMA soft). In addition, simulation results for different conditions of plunger stroke control were compared to those from actual die-casting experiments. Under a vacuum pressure of 35 kPa and for injection speeds of 0.3 and 2.5 m s-1 in the low and high speed regions, respectively, the samples had few casting defects. In addition, the hardness was higher and porosity in microstructure was less than those of the samples made under other injection speed conditions. In case of thin-walled plates, vacuum die casting is beneficial in terms of formability compared to conventional die casting.

Experimental formability analysis of bondal sandwich sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kami, Abdolvahed; Banabic, Dorel

2018-05-01

Metal/polymer/metal sandwich sheets have recently attracted the interests of industries like automotive industry. These sandwich sheets have superior properties over single-layer metallic sheets including good sound and vibration damping and light weight. However, the formability of these sandwich sheets should be enhanced which requires more research. In this paper, the formability of Bondal sheet (DC06/viscoelastic polymer/DC06 sandwich sheet) was studied through different types of experiments. The mechanical properties of Bondal were determined by uniaxial tensile tests. Hemispherical punch stretching and hydraulic bulge tests were carried out to determine the forming limit diagram (FLD) of Bondal. Furthermore, cylindrical and square cup drawing tests were performed in dry and oil lubricated conditions. These tests were conducted at different blank holding forces (BHFs). An interesting observation about Bondal sheet deep drawing was obtaining of higher drawing depths at dry condition in comparison with oil-lubricated condition.

Investigation of the Formability of TRIP780 Steel Sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Yang

The formability of a metal sheet is dependent on its work hardening behaviour and its forming limits; and both aspects must be carefully determined in order to accurately simulate a particular forming process. This research aims to characterize the formability of a TRIP780 sheet steel using advanced experimental testing and analysis techniques. A series of flat rolling and tensile tests, as well as shear tests were conducted to determine the large deformation work hardening behaviour of this TRIP780 steel. Nakazima tests were carried out up to fracture to determine the forming limits of this sheet material. A highly-automated method for generating a robust FLC for sheet materials from DIC strain measurements was created with the help of finite element simulations, and evaluated against the conventional method. A correction algorithm that aims to compensate for the process dependent effects in the Nakazima test was implemented and tested with some success.

Formability of dual-phase steels in deep drawing of rectangular parts: Influence of blank thickness and die radius

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

López, Ana María Camacho; Regueras, José María Gutiérrez

2017-10-01

The new goals of automotive industry related with environment concerns, the reduction of fuel emissions and the security requirements have driven up to new designs which main objective is reducing weight. It can be achieved through new materials such as nano-structured materials, fibre-reinforced composites or steels with higher strength, among others. Into the last group, the Advance High Strength Steels (AHSS) and particularly, dual-phase steels are in a predominant situation. However, despite of their special characteristics, they present issues related to their manufacturability such as springback, splits and cracks, among others. This work is focused on the deep drawing processof rectangular shapes, a very usual forming operation that allows manufacturing several automotive parts like oil pans, cases, etc. Two of the main parameters in this process which affect directly to the characteristics of final product are blank thickness (t) and die radius (Rd). Influence of t and Rd on the formability of dual-phase steels has been analysed considering values typically used in industrial manufacturing for a wide range of dual-phase steels using finite element modelling and simulation; concretely, the influence of these parameters in the percentage of thickness reduction pt(%), a quite important value for manufactured parts by deep drawing operations, which affects to its integrity and its service behaviour. Modified Morh Coulomb criteria (MMC) has been used in order to obtain Fracture Forming Limit Diagrams (FFLD) which take into account an important failure mode in dual-phase steels: shear fracture. Finally, a relation between thickness reduction percentage and studied parameters has been established fordual-phase steels, obtaining a collection of equations based on Design of Experiments (D.O.E) technique, which can be useful in order to predict approximate results.

Process Simulation of Aluminium Sheet Metal Deep Drawing at Elevated Temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Winklhofer, Johannes; Trattnig, Gernot; Lind, Christoph

Lightweight design is essential for an economic and environmentally friendly vehicle. Aluminium sheet metal is well known for its ability to improve the strength to weight ratio of lightweight structures. One disadvantage of aluminium is that it is less formable than steel. Therefore complex part geometries can only be realized by expensive multi-step production processes. One method for overcoming this disadvantage is deep drawing at elevated temperatures. In this way the formability of aluminium sheet metal can be improved significantly, and the number of necessary production steps can thereby be reduced. This paper introduces deep drawing of aluminium sheet metalmore » at elevated temperatures, a corresponding simulation method, a characteristic process and its optimization. The temperature and strain rate dependent material properties of a 5xxx series alloy and their modelling are discussed. A three dimensional thermomechanically coupled finite element deep drawing simulation model and its validation are presented. Based on the validated simulation model an optimised process strategy regarding formability, time and cost is introduced.« less

Stamp forming optimization for formability and crystallinity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donderwinkel, T. G.; Rietman, B.; Haanappel, S. P.; Akkerman, R.

2016-10-01

The stamp forming process is well suited for high volume production of thermoplastic composite parts. The process can be characterized as highly non-isothermal as it involves local quench-cooling of a molten thermoplastic composite blank where it makes contact with colder tooling. The formability of the thermoplastic composite depends on the viscoelastic material behavior of the matrix material, which is sensitive to temperature and degree of crystallinity. An experimental study was performed to determine the effect of temperature and crystallinity on the storage modulus during cooling for a woven glass fiber polyamide-6 composite material. An increase of two decades in modulus was observed during crystallization. As this will significantly impede the blank formability, the onset of crystallization effectively governs the time available for forming. Besides the experimental work, a numerical model is developed to study the temperature and crystallinity throughout the stamp forming process. A process window can be determined by feeding the model with the experimentally obtained data on crystallization.

Process Parameters Optimization in Single Point Incremental Forming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulati, Vishal; Aryal, Ashmin; Katyal, Puneet; Goswami, Amitesh

2016-04-01

This work aims to optimize the formability and surface roughness of parts formed by the single-point incremental forming process for an Aluminium-6063 alloy. The tests are based on Taguchi's L18 orthogonal array selected on the basis of DOF. The tests have been carried out on vertical machining center (DMC70V); using CAD/CAM software (SolidWorks V5/MasterCAM). Two levels of tool radius, three levels of sheet thickness, step size, tool rotational speed, feed rate and lubrication have been considered as the input process parameters. Wall angle and surface roughness have been considered process responses. The influential process parameters for the formability and surface roughness have been identified with the help of statistical tool (response table, main effect plot and ANOVA). The parameter that has the utmost influence on formability and surface roughness is lubrication. In the case of formability, lubrication followed by the tool rotational speed, feed rate, sheet thickness, step size and tool radius have the influence in descending order. Whereas in surface roughness, lubrication followed by feed rate, step size, tool radius, sheet thickness and tool rotational speed have the influence in descending order. The predicted optimal values for the wall angle and surface roughness are found to be 88.29° and 1.03225 µm. The confirmation experiments were conducted thrice and the value of wall angle and surface roughness were found to be 85.76° and 1.15 µm respectively.

Optimum Combination of Thermoplastic Formability and Electrical Conductivity in Al-Ni-Y Metallic Glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Na, Min Young; Park, Sung Hyun; Kim, Kang Cheol; Kim, Won Tae; Kim, Do Hyang

2018-05-01

Both thermoplastic formability and electrical conductivity of Al-Ni-Y metallic glass with 12 different compositions have been investigated in the present study with an aim to apply as a functional material, i.e. as a binder of Ag powders in Ag paste for silicon solar cell. The thermoplastic formability is basically influenced by thermal stability and fragility of supercooled liquid which can be reflected by the temperature range for the supercooled liquid region (ΔT x ) and the difference in specific heat between the frozen glass state and the supercooled liquid state (ΔC p ). The measured ΔT x and ΔC p values show a strong composition dependence. However, the composition showing the highest ΔT x and ΔC p does not correspond to the composition with the highest amount of Ni and Y. It is considered that higher ΔT x and ΔC p may be related to enhancement of icosahedral SRO near T g during cooling. On the other hand, electrical resistivity varies with the change of Al contents as well as with the change of the volume fraction of each phase after crystallization. The composition range with the optimum combination of thermoplastic formability and electrical conductivity in Al-Ni-Y system located inside the composition triangle whose vertices compositions are Al87Ni3Y10, Al85Ni5Y10, and Al86Ni5Y9.

TUNGSTEN BASE ALLOYS

DOEpatents

Schell, D.H.; Sheinberg, H.

1959-12-15

A high-density quaternary tungsten-base alloy having high mechanical strength and good machinability composed of about 2 wt.% Ni, 3 wt.% Cu, 5 wt.% Pb, and 90wt.% W is described. This alloy can be formed by the powder metallurgy technique of hot pressing in a graphite die without causing a reaction between charge and the die and without formation of a carbide case on the final compact, thereby enabling re-use of the graphite die. The alloy is formable at hot- pressing temperatures of from about 1200 to about 1350 deg C. In addition, there is little component shrinkage, thereby eliminating the necessity of subsequent extensive surface machining.

Metamodeling and optimization of the THF process with pulsating pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bucconi, Marco; Strano, Matteo

2018-05-01

Tube hydroforming is a process used in various applications to form the tube in a desired complex shape, by combining the use of internal pressure, which provides the required stress to yield the material, and axial feeding, which helps the material to flow towards the bulging zone. In many studies it has been demonstrated how wrinkling and bursting defects can be severely reduced by means of a pulsating pressure, and how the so-called hammering hydroforming enhances the formability of the material. The definition of the optimum pressure and axial feeding profiles represent a daunting challenge in the designing phase of the hydroforming operation of a new part. The quality of the formed part is highly dependent on the amplitude and the peak value of the pulsating pressure, along with the axial stroke. In this paper, a research is reported, conducted by means of explicit finite element simulations of a hammering THF operation and metamodeling techniques aimed at optimizing the process parameters for the production of a complex part. The improved formability is explored for different factors and an optimization strategy is used to determine the most convenient pressure and axial feed profile curves for the hammering THF process of the examined part. It is shown how the pulsating pressure allows the minimization of the energy input in the process, still respecting final quality requirements.

Effect of Hot Rolling Process on Microstructure and Properties of Low-Carbon Al-Killed Steels Produced Through TSCR Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paul, S. K.; Ahmed, U.; Megahed, G. M.

2011-10-01

Low-carbon Al-killed hot rolled strips for direct forming, cold rolling, and galvanizing applications are produced from the similar chemistry at Ezz Flat Steel (EFS) through thin slab casting and rolling (TSCR) technology. The desired mechanical and microstructural properties in hot bands for different applications are achieved through control of hot rolling parameters, which in turn control the precipitation and growth of AlN. Nitrogen in solid solution strongly influences the yield strength (YS), ductility, strain aging index (SAI), and other formability properties of steel. The equilibrium solubility of AlN in austenite at different temperatures and its isothermal precipitation have been studied. To achieve the formability properties for direct forming, soluble nitrogen is fixed as AlN by coiling the strip at higher temperatures. For stringent cold forming, boron was added below the stoichiometric ratio with nitrogen, which improved the formability properties dramatically. The requirements of hot band for processing into cold rolled and annealed deep drawing sheets are high SAI and fine-grain microstructure. Higher finish rolling and low coiling temperatures are used to achieve these. Fully processed cold rolled sheets from these hot strips at customer's end have shown good formability properties. Coil break marks observed in some coils during uncoiling were found to be associated with yielding phenomenon. The spike height (difference between upper and lower yield stresses) and yield point elongation (YPE) were found to be the key material parameters for the break marks. Factors affecting these parameters have been studied and the coiling temperature optimized to overcome the problem.

Effect of Annealing on Mechanical Properties and Formability of Cold Rolled Thin Sheets of Fe-P P/M Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trivedi, Shefali; Ravi Kumar, D.; Aravindan, S.

2016-10-01

Phosphorus in steel is known to increase strength and hardness and decrease ductility. Higher phosphorus content (more than 0.05%), however, promotes brittle behavior due to segregation of Fe3P along the grain boundaries which makes further mechanical working of these alloys difficult. In this work, thin sheets of Fe-P alloys (with phosphorus in range of 0.1-0.35%) have been developed through processing by powder metallurgy followed by hot rolling and cold rolling. The effect of phosphorus content and annealing parameters (temperature and time) on microstructure, mechanical properties, formability in biaxial stretching and fracture behavior of the cold rolled and annealed sheets has been studied. A comparison has also been made between the properties of the sheets made through P/M route and the conventional cast route with similar phosphorus content. It has been shown that thin sheets of Fe-P alloys with phosphorous up to 0.35% possessing a good combination of strength and formability can be produced through rolling of billets of these alloys made through powder metallurgy technique without the problem of segregation.

Residual-stress-induced grain growth of twinned grains and its effect on formability of magnesium alloy sheet at room temperature

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Se-Jong; Kim, Daeyong, E-mail: daeyong@kims.re.kr; Lee, Keunho

2015-11-15

A magnesium alloy sheet was subjected to in-plane compression along with a vertical load to avoid buckling during compression. Pre-compressed specimens machined from the sheet were annealed at different temperatures and the changes in microstructure and texture were observed using electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). Twinned grains preferentially grew during annealing at 300 °C, so that a strong texture with the < 0001 > direction parallel to the transverse direction developed. EBSD analysis confirmed that the friction caused by the vertical load induced inhomogeneous distribution of residual stress, which acted as an additional driving force for preferential grain growth ofmore » twinned grain during annealing. The annealed specimen showed excellent formability. - Highlights: • A magnesium alloy sheet subjected to in-plane compression under a vertical load • The vertical load induced inhomogeneous distribution of the residual stress. • The residual stress acted as an additional driving force for grain growth. • The annealed specimen with strong non-basal texture showed excellent formability.« less

Applications of Computer Simulation Methods in Plastic Forming Technologies for Magnesium Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, S. H.; Zheng, W. T.; Shang, Y. L.; Wu, X.; Palumbo, G.; Tricarico, L.

2007-05-01

Applications of computer simulation methods in plastic forming of magnesium alloy parts are discussed. As magnesium alloys possess very poor plastic formability at room temperature, various methods have been tried to improve the formability, for example, suitable rolling process and annealing procedures should be found to produce qualified magnesium alloy sheets, which have the reduced anisotropy and improved formability. The blank can be heated to a warm temperature or a hot temperature; a suitable temperature field is designed, tools should be heated or the punch should be cooled; suitable deformation speed should be found to ensure suitable strain rate range. Damage theory considering non-isothermal forming is established. Various modeling methods have been tried to consider above situations. The following situations for modeling the forming process of magnesium alloy sheets and tubes are dealt with: (1) modeling for predicting wrinkling and anisotropy of sheet warm forming; (2) damage theory used for predicting ruptures in sheet warm forming; (3) modeling for optimizing of blank shape and dimensions for sheet warm forming; (4) modeling in non-steady-state creep in hot metal gas forming of AZ31 tubes.

Reversed austenite for enhancing ductility of martensitic stainless steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dieck, S.; Rosemann, P.; Kromm, A.; Halle, T.

2017-03-01

The novel heat treatment concept, “quenching and partitioning” (Q&P) has been developed for high strength steels with enhanced formability. This heat treatment involves quenching of austenite to a temperature between martensite start and finish, to receive a several amount of retained austenite. During the subsequent annealing treatment, the so called partitioning, the retained austenite is stabilized due to carbon diffusion, which results in enhanced formability and strength regarding strain induced austenite to martensite transformation. In this study a Q&P heat treatment was applied to a Fe-0.45C-0.65Mn-0.34Si-13.95Cr stainless martensite. Thereby the initial quench end temperature and the partitioning time were varied to characterize their influence on microstructural evolution. The microstructural changes were analysed by dilatometer measurements, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, including electron back-scatter diffraction. Compression testing was made to examine the mechanical behaviour. It was found that an increasing partitioning time up to 30 min leads to an enhanced formability without loss in strength due to a higher amount of stabilized retained and reversed austenite as well as precipitation hardening.

A coupled thermo-mechanical pseudo inverse approach for preform design in forging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, Anoop Ebey; Abbes, Boussad; Li, Yu Ming; Abbes, Fazilay; Guo, Ying-Qiao; Duval, Jean-Louis

2017-10-01

Hot forging is a process used to form difficult to form materials as well as to achieve complex geometries. This is possible due to the reduction of yield stress at high temperatures and a subsequent increase in formability. Numerical methods have been used to predict the material yield and the stress/strain states of the final product. Pseudo Inverse Approach (PIA) developed in the context of cold forming provides a quick estimate of the stress and strain fields in the final product for a given initial shape. In this paper, PIA is extended to include the thermal effects on the forging process. A Johnson-Cook thermo-viscoplastic material law is considered and a staggered scheme is employed for the coupling between the mechanical and thermal problems. The results are compared with available commercial codes to show the efficiency and the limitations of PIA.

Method of Heat Treating Aluminum-Lithium Alloy to Improve Formability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, Carolyn Kurgan (Inventor); Chen, Po-Shou (Inventor)

2016-01-01

A method is provided for heat treating aluminum-lithium alloys to improve their formability. The alloy is heated to a first temperature, maintained at the first temperature for a first time period, heated at the conclusion of the first time period to a second temperature, maintained at the second temperature for a second time period, actively cooled at the conclusion of the second time period to a third temperature, maintained at the third temperature for a third time period, and then passively cooled at the conclusion of the third time period to room temperature.

Numerical and Experimental Study on Manufacture of a Novel High-Capacity Engine Oil Pan Subjected to Hydro-Mechanical Deep Drawing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, D. Y.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, S. H.; El-Aty, A. Abd; Ma, Y.

2017-09-01

The oil pan is equipped at the bottom of engine crankcase of the automobile to prevent impurity and collect the lubrication oil from the surfaces of the engine which is helpful for heat dissipation and oxidation prevention. The present study aims at manufacturing a novel high-capacity engine oil pan, which is considered as a complex shaped component with features of thin wall, large size and asymmetric deep cavity through both numerical and experimental methods. The result indicated that it is difficult to form the current part through the common deep drawing process. Accordingly, the hydro-mechanical deep drawing technology was conducted, which consisted of two steps, previous local drawing and the final integral deep drawing with hydraulic pressure. The finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to investigate the influence of initial blank dimension and the key process parameters such as loading path, draw-bead force and fillet radius on the formability of the sheet blank. Compared with the common deep drawing, the limit drawing ratio by hydro-mechanical deep drawing can be increased from 2.34 to 2.77, while the reduction in blank wall thickness can be controlled in the range of 28%. The formability is greatly improved without any defects such as crack and wrinkle by means of parameters optimisation. The results gained from simulation keep a reasonable agreement with that obtained from experiment trials.

Experimental investigation of edge hardening and edge cracking sensitivity of burr-free parts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Senn, Sergei; Liewald, Mathias

2018-05-01

This experimental study is focused on characterisation of edge hardening of sheet metal and remaining formability of differently prepared cutted edges. Edge cracking sensitivity of counter cutted, shear cutted, recutted and water-jet cutted components are compared and evaluated. Subsequently, edge hardening and hole expansion ratio were correlated for material HC420 LA with sheet thickness of t = 2 mm. As other studies show, the cutting edge surface quality influences the hole expansion ratio: a high clear cut surface increases formability of cutting edges, whereas micro cracks and rough surfaces result into a large fracture surface, which impact remaining formability noticeably. Thus, cutting edges with lower edge hardening behaviour in conjunction with a higher clear cut surface exhibit higher hole expansion ratios. Counter cutting and the recutting do show a similar effect on edge hardening. Using the hole expansion test, it was possible to prove that counter cutted components show a significantly lower edge cracking sensitivity in comparison to conventionally shear cutted components. The hole expansion ratio of counter cutted specimens looks balanced and is comparable to the hole expansion ratio measured from specimens with recutted or water jet cutted edges. The significant difference of the investigated cutting processes is characterized by size of clear cutting area. This area of recutted edges emerges larger than the area of counter cutted specimens, which evidently leads to an increased hole expansion ratio of recutted specimens compared to conventionally shear cutted ones. However, it is important to note that the hole expansion ratio of counter cutted and recutted specimens appear fairly balanced, but counter cutted samples indeed can be produced burr-free. Using counter cutting technology, it is possible to produce burr free surfaces with high edge formability.

Time-Reversal Based Range Extension Technique for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Sensors and Applications in Tactical Communications and Networking

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-16

Frequency (MHz) Figure 3.4: CABLE SMA/SMA 24" RG-316DS. CABLE SMA PLUG-PLUG HF -.086 8" 3.1. TRANSMITTER IMPLEMENTATION 13 Length: 8.0" (203.2mm) Color...Gray RG Type: Hand Formable .086 Connector: Type SMA Male to SMA Male Features: Shielded "• JI Figure 3.5: CABLE SMA PLUG-PLUG HF -.086 8...34 . • CABLE SMA PLUG-PLUG HF -.141 8" Length: 8.0" (203.2mm) Color: Gray RG Type: Hand Formable .141 14 CHAPTER 3. 2 BY I MISO SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Highly conductive thermoplastic composites for rapid production of fuel cell bipolar plates

DOEpatents

Huang, Jianhua [Blacksburg, VA; Baird, Donald G [Blacksburg, VA; McGrath, James E [Blacksburg, VA

2008-04-29

A low cost method of fabricating bipolar plates for use in fuel cells utilizes a wet lay process for combining graphite particles, thermoplastic fibers, and reinforcing fibers to produce a plurality of formable sheets. The formable sheets are then molded into a bipolar plates with features impressed therein via the molding process. The bipolar plates formed by the process have conductivity in excess of 150 S/cm and have sufficient mechanical strength to be used in fuel cells. The bipolar plates can be formed as a skin/core laminate where a second polymer material is used on the skin surface which provides for enhanced conductivity, chemical resistance, and resistance to gas permeation.

Improving hydro-formability of stainless steel tubes by tube channel pressing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kitano, Y.; Yuasa, M.; Miyamoto, H.; Farshidi, M. H.; Bagherpour, E.

2017-05-01

Tube channel pressing (TCP), which is one of the severe plastic deformation (SPD) technologies to refine grain size into submicron size for tubular materials, have been applied to ferritic stainless steel tubes for one pass, in order to alleviate ridging and enhance the hydro-formability. It was found that grain-scale shear bands were introduced by one-pass TCP, and texture and microstructure was successfully modified by promoting recrystallization of deformation microstructure, which is otherwise hard-to-recrystallize, in the post-TCP annealing. Elongation to failure, strain-hardening exponent (n-value) and Lankford values of both longitudinal and circumferential directions increased in comparison to with the tube fabricated by conventional process.

Investigation into the Fiber Orientation Effect on the Formability of GLARE Materials in the Stamp Forming Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shichen; Lang, Lihui; Sherkatghanad, Ehsan; Wang, Yao; Xu, Wencai

2018-04-01

Glass-reinforced aluminum laminate (GLARE) is a new class of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) which has the advantages such as high tensile strength, outstanding fatigue, impact resistance, and excellent corrosion properties. GLARE has been extensively applied in advanced aerospace and automobile industries. However, the deformation behavior of the glass fiber during forming must be studied to the benefits of the good-quality part we form. In this research, we focus on the effect of fiber layer orientation on the GLARE laminate formability in stamp forming process. Experimental and numerical analysis of stamping a hemisphere part in different fiber orientation is investigated. The results indicate that unidirectional and multi-directional fiber in the middle layer make a significant effect on the thinning and also surface forming quality of the three layer sheet. Furthermore, the stress-strain distribution of the aluminum alloy and the unique anisotropic property of the fiber layer exhibit that fiber layer orientation can also affect the forming depths as well as the fracture modes of the laminate. According to the obtained results, it is revealed that multi-directional fiber layers are a good alternative compared to the unidirectional fibers especially when a better formability is the purpose.

Formability and mechanical properties of porous titanium produced by a moldless process.

PubMed

Naito, Yoshihito; Bae, Jiyoung; Tomotake, Yoritoki; Hamada, Kenichi; Asaoka, Kenzo; Ichikawa, Tetsuo

2013-08-01

Tailor-made porous titanium implants show great promise in both orthopedic and dental applications. However, traditional powder metallurgical processes require a high-cost mold, making them economically unviable for producing unique devices. In this study, a mixture of titanium powder and an inlay wax binder was developed for moldless forming and sintering. The formability of the mixture, the dimensional changes after sintering, and the physical and mechanical properties of the sintered porous titanium were evaluated. A 90:10 wt % mixture of Ti powder and wax binder was created manually at 70°C. After debindering, the specimen was sintered in Ar at 1100°C without any mold for 1, 5, and 10 h. The shrinkage, porosity, absorption ratio, bending and compressive strength, and elastic modulus were measured. The bending strength (135-356 MPa), compression strength (178-1226 MPa), and elastic modulus (24-54 GPa) increased with sintering time; the shrinkage also increased, whereas the porosity (from 37.1 to 29.7%) and absorption ratio decreased. The high formability of the binder/metal powder mixture presents a clear advantage for fabricating tailor-made bone and hard tissue substitution units. Moreover, the sintered compacts showed high strength and an elastic modulus comparable to that of cortical bone. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Radiographic evaluation of acute distal radius fracture stability: A comparative cadaveric study between a thermo-formable bracing system and traditional fiberglass casting.

PubMed

Santoni, Brandon G; Aira, Jazmine R; Diaz, Miguel A; Kyle Stoops, T; Simon, Peter

2017-08-01

Distal radius fractures are common musculoskeletal injuries and many can be treated non-operatively with cast immobilization. A thermo-formable brace has been developed for management of such fractures, but no data exist regarding its comparative stabilizing efficacy to fiberglass casting. A worst-case distal radius fracture was created in 6 cadaveric forearms. A radiolucent loading fixture was created to apply cantilever bending/compression loads ranging from 4.5N to 66.7N across the simulated fracture in the: (1) non-stabilized, (2) braced; and (3) casted forearms, each forearm serving as its own control. Fracture fragment translations and rotations were measured radiographically using orthogonal radiographs and a 2D-3D, CT-based transformation methodology. Under 4.5N of load in the non-stabilized condition, average sagittal plane rotation and 3D center of mass translation of the fracture fragment were 12.3° and 5.3mm, respectively. At the 4.5N load step, fragment rotation with the brace (avg. 0.0°) and cast (0.1°) reduced sagittal plane rotation compared to the non-stabilized forearm (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in measured sagittal plane fracture fragment rotations or 3D fragment translations between the brace or cast at any of the four load steps (4.5N, 22.2N, 44.5N, and 66.7N, P≥0.138). In this in vitro radiographic study utilizing 6 cadaveric forearms with simulated severe-case, unstable and comminuted distal radius fractures, the thermo-formable brace stabilized the fracture in a manner that was not radiographically or biomechanically different from traditional fiberglass casting. Study results support the use of the thermo-formable brace clinically. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the austenitic stability of metastable austenitic stainless steel with regard to its formability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schneider, Matthias; Liewald, Mathias

2018-05-01

During the last decade, the stainless steel market showed a growing volume of 3-5% p.a.. The austenitic grades are losing market shares to ferritic or 200-series grades due to the high nickel price, but still playing the most important role within the stainless steel market. Austenitic stainless steel is characterized by the strain-induced martensite formation, causing the TRIP-effect (Transformation Induced Plasticity) which is responsible for good formability and high strength. The TRIP-effect itself is highly dependent on the forming temperature, the strain as well as the chemical composition which has a direct influence on the stability of the austenite. Today the austenitic stability is usually characterized by the so called Md30-temperature, which was introduced by Angel and enhanced by several researches, particularly Nohara. It is an empirical formula based on the chemical composition and the grain size of a given material, calculating the temperature which is necessary to gain a 50 % martensite formation after 30 % of elongation in a tensile test. A higher Md30-temperature indicates a lower stability and therefore a higher tendency towards martensite formation. The main disadvantage of Md30 -temperature is the fact that it is not based on forming parameters and only describes a single point instead of the whole forming process. In this paper, an experimental set up for measuring martensite and temperature evolution in a non-isothermal tensile test is presented, which is based on works of Hänsel and Schmid. With this set up, the martensite formation rate for different steels of the steel grade EN 1.4301 and EN 1.4310 is measured. Based on these results a new austenitic stability criterion is defined. This criterion and the determined Md30-temperatures are related to the stretch formability of the materials. The results show that the new IFU criterion is with regard to the formability a much more useful characteristic number for metastable austenitic steels than the Md30-temperature.

The Bendability of Ultra High strength Steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hazra, S. K.; Efthymiadis, P.; Alamoudi, A.; Kumar, R. L. V.; Shollock, B.; Dashwood, R.

2016-08-01

Automotive manufacturers have been reducing the weight of their vehicles to meet increasingly stringent environmental legislation that reflects public demand. A strategy is to use higher strength materials for parts with reduced cross-sections. However, such materials are less formable than traditional grades. The frequent result is increased processing and piece costs. 3D roll forming is a novel and flexible process: it is estimated that a quarter of the structure of a vehicle can be made with a single set of tooling. Unlike stamping, this process requires material with low work hardening rates. In this paper, we present results of ultra high strength steels that have low elongation in a tension but display high formability in bending through the suppression of the necking response.

Non-Heat Treatable Alloy Sheet Products

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hayden, H.W.; Barthold, G.W.; Das, S.K.

ALCAR is an innovative approach for conducting multi-company, pre-competitive research and development programs. ALCAR has been formed to crate a partnership of aluminum producers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Center for Research and Technology Development (ASME/CRTD), the United States Department of Energy (USDOE), three USDOE National Laboratories, and a Technical Advisory Committee for conducting cooperative, pre-competitive research on the development of flower-cost, non-heat treated (NHT) aluminum alloys for automotive sheet applications with strength, formability and surface appearance similar to current heat treated (HT) aluminum alloys under consideration. The effort has been supported by the USDOE, Office of Transportation Technologymore » (OTT) through a three-year program with 50/50 cost share at a total program cost of $3 million. The program has led to the development of new and modified 5000 series aluminum ally compositions. Pilot production-size ingots have bee n melted, cast, hot rolled and cold rolled. Stamping trials on samples of rolled product for demonstrating production of typical automotive components have been successful.« less

Formability prediction for AHSS materials using damage models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amaral, R.; Santos, Abel D.; José, César de Sá; Miranda, Sara

2017-05-01

Advanced high strength steels (AHSS) are seeing an increased use, mostly due to lightweight design in automobile industry and strict regulations on safety and greenhouse gases emissions. However, the use of these materials, characterized by a high strength to weight ratio, stiffness and high work hardening at early stages of plastic deformation, have imposed many challenges in sheet metal industry, mainly their low formability and different behaviour, when compared to traditional steels, which may represent a defying task, both to obtain a successful component and also when using numerical simulation to predict material behaviour and its fracture limits. Although numerical prediction of critical strains in sheet metal forming processes is still very often based on the classic forming limit diagrams, alternative approaches can use damage models, which are based on stress states to predict failure during the forming process and they can be classified as empirical, physics based and phenomenological models. In the present paper a comparative analysis of different ductile damage models is carried out, in order numerically evaluate two isotropic coupled damage models proposed by Johnson-Cook and Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN), each of them corresponding to the first two previous group classification. Finite element analysis is used considering these damage mechanics approaches and the obtained results are compared with experimental Nakajima tests, thus being possible to evaluate and validate the ability to predict damage and formability limits for previous defined approaches.

Inverse Analysis to Formability Design in a Deep Drawing Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buranathiti, Thaweepat; Cao, Jian

Deep drawing process is an important process adding values to flat sheet metals in many industries. An important concern in the design of a deep drawing process generally is formability. This paper aims to present the connection between formability and inverse analysis (IA), which is a systematical means for determining an optimal blank configuration for a deep drawing process. In this paper, IA is presented and explored by using a commercial finite element software package. A number of numerical studies on the effect of blank configurations to the quality of a part produced by a deep drawing process were conducted and analyzed. The quality of the drawing processes is numerically analyzed by using an explicit incremental nonlinear finite element code. The minimum distance between elemental principal strains and the strain-based forming limit curve (FLC) is defined as tearing margin to be the key performance index (KPI) implying the quality of the part. The initial blank configuration has shown that it plays a highly important role in the quality of the product via the deep drawing process. In addition, it is observed that if a blank configuration is not greatly deviated from the one obtained from IA, the blank can still result a good product. The strain history around the bottom fillet of the part is also observed. The paper concludes that IA is an important part of the design methodology for deep drawing processes.

Characteristics of the aluminum alloy sheets for forming and application examples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uema, Naoyuki; Asano, Mineo

2013-12-01

In this paper, the characteristics and application examples of aluminum alloy sheets developed for automotive parts by Sumitomo Light Metal are described. For the automotive closure panels (ex., hood, back-door), an Al-Mg-Si alloy sheet having an excellent hemming performance was developed. The cause of the occurrence and the propagation of cracks by bending were considered to be the combined effect of the shear bands formed across several crystal grains and the micro-voids formed around the second phase particles. By reducing the shear band formation during bending by controlling the crystallographic texture, the Al-Mg-Si alloy sheets showed an excellent hemming performance. For the automotive outer panels (ex., roof, fender, trunk-lid), an Al-Mg alloy sheet, which has both a good hot blow formability and excellent surface appearance after hot blow forming was developed, and hot blow forming technology was put to practical use using this developed Al-Mg alloy sheet. For automotive heat insulators, a high ductile Al-Fe alloy sheet was developed. The heat insulator, which integrated several panels, was put into practical use using this developed Al-Fe alloy sheet. The textured sheet was often used as a heat insulator in order to reduce the thickness of the aluminum alloy sheet and obtain good press formability. The new textured sheet, which has both high rigidity and good press formability for heat insulators, was developed by FE analysis.

Formability of paperboard during deep-drawing with local steam application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franke, Wilken; Stein, Philipp; Dörsam, Sven; Groche, Peter

2018-05-01

The use of paperboard can significantly improve the environmental compatibility of everyday products such as packages. Nevertheless, most packages are currently made of plastics, since the three-dimensional shaping of paperboard is possible only to a limited extent. In order to increase the forming possibilities, deep drawing of cardboard has been intensively investigated for more than a decade. An improvement with regard to increased forming limits has been achieved by heating of the tool parts, which leads to a softening of paperboard constituents such as lignin. A further approach is the moistening of the samples, whereby the hydrogen bonds between the fibers are weakened and as a result an increase of the formability. It is expected that a combination of both parameter approaches will result in a significant increase in the forming capacity and in the shape accuracy. For this reason, a new tool concept is introduced within the scope of this work which makes it possible to moisten samples during the deep drawing process by means of steam supply. The conducted investigations show that spring-back in the preferred fiber direction can be reduced by 38 %. Orthogonal to the preferred fiber direction a reduction of spring back of up to 79 % is determined, which corresponds to a perfect shape. Moreover, it was determined that the steam duration and the initial moisture content have an influence on the final shape. In addition to the increased dimensional accuracy, an optimized wrinkle compression compared to conventional deep drawing is found. According to the results, it can be summarized that a steam application in the deep drawing of paperboard significantly improves the part quality.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arul Kumar, Mariyappan; Beyerlein, Irene Jane; McCabe, Rodney James

Materials with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure such as Mg, Ti and Zr are being used in the transportation, aerospace and nuclear industry, respectively. Material strength and formability are critical qualities for shaping these materials into parts and a pervasive deformation mechanism that significantly affects their formability is deformation twinning. The interaction between grain boundaries and twins has an important influence on the deformation behaviour and fracture of hcp metals. Here, statistical analysis of large data sets reveals that whether twins transmit across grain boundaries depends not only on crystallography but also strongly on the anisotropy in crystallographic slip.more » As a result, we show that increases in crystal plastic anisotropy enhance the probability of twin transmission by comparing the relative ease of twin transmission in hcp materials such as Mg, Zr and Ti.« less

Grain neighbour effects on twin transmission in hexagonal close-packed materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arul Kumar, M.; Beyerlein, I. J.; McCabe, R. J.; Tomé, C. N.

2016-12-01

Materials with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure such as Mg, Ti and Zr are being used in the transportation, aerospace and nuclear industry, respectively. Material strength and formability are critical qualities for shaping these materials into parts and a pervasive deformation mechanism that significantly affects their formability is deformation twinning. The interaction between grain boundaries and twins has an important influence on the deformation behaviour and fracture of hcp metals. Here, statistical analysis of large data sets reveals that whether twins transmit across grain boundaries depends not only on crystallography but also strongly on the anisotropy in crystallographic slip. We show that increases in crystal plastic anisotropy enhance the probability of twin transmission by comparing the relative ease of twin transmission in hcp materials such as Mg, Zr and Ti.

Grain neighbour effects on twin transmission in hexagonal close-packed materials.

PubMed

Arul Kumar, M; Beyerlein, I J; McCabe, R J; Tomé, C N

2016-12-19

Materials with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure such as Mg, Ti and Zr are being used in the transportation, aerospace and nuclear industry, respectively. Material strength and formability are critical qualities for shaping these materials into parts and a pervasive deformation mechanism that significantly affects their formability is deformation twinning. The interaction between grain boundaries and twins has an important influence on the deformation behaviour and fracture of hcp metals. Here, statistical analysis of large data sets reveals that whether twins transmit across grain boundaries depends not only on crystallography but also strongly on the anisotropy in crystallographic slip. We show that increases in crystal plastic anisotropy enhance the probability of twin transmission by comparing the relative ease of twin transmission in hcp materials such as Mg, Zr and Ti.

Superplastic formability of Al-Cu-Li alloy Weldalite (TM) 049

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ma, Bao-Tong; Pickens, Joseph R.

1991-01-01

Extensive research during the past decade shows that several aluminum lithium alloys can be processed to attain a microstructure that enables superplasticity. The high tensile stress of Al-Cu-Li alloy Weldalite (TM) 049 in the T4 and T6 tempers offers tremendous potential for attaining exceptional post-SPF (superplastic formability) properties. The used SPF material is Weldalite, which was shown to induce SPF behavior in other Al-Cu-Li alloys. The superplastic behavior and resulting post-SPF mechanical properties of this alloy, which was designed to be the next major structural alloy for space applications, were evaluated. The results indicate that Weldalite alloy does indeed exhibit excellent superplasticity over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates and excellent post-SPF tensile strength at various potential service temperatures.

CAE Based Die Face Engineering Development to Contribute to the Revitalization of the Tool & Die Industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Arthur; Lee, Wing C.; St. Pierre, Shawn; He, Jeanne; Liu, Kesu; Chen, Chin C.

2005-08-01

Over the past two decades, the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools have emerged as one of the most important engineering tools in various industries, due to its flexibility and accuracy in prediction. Nowadays, CAE tools are widely used in the sheet metal forming industry to predict the forming feasibility of a wide variety of complex components, ranging from aerospace and automotive components to household products. As the demand of CAE based formability accelerates, the need for a robust and streamlined die face engineering tool becomes more crucial, especially in the early stage when the tooling layout is not available, but a product design decision must be made. Ability to generate blank, binder and addendum surfaces with an appropriate layout of Drawbead, Punch Opening Line, Trim Line are the primary features and functions of a CAE based die face engineering tool. Once the die face layout is ready, a formability study should be followed to verify the die face layout is adequate to produce a formable part. If successful, the established die face surface should be exported back to the CAD/CAM environment to speed up the tooling and manufacturing design process with confidence that this particular part is formable with this given die face. With a CAE tool as described above, the tool & die industry will be greatly impacted as the processes will enable the bypass of hardware try-out and shorten the overall vehicle production timing. The trend has shown that OEMs and first tiers will source to low cost producers in the world which will have a negative impact to the traditional tool & die makers in the developed countries. CAE based tool as described should be adopted, along with many other solutions, in order to maintain efficiency of producing high quality product and meeting time-to-market requirements. This paper will describe how a CAE based die face engineering (DFE) tool could be further developed to enable the traditional tool & die makers to meet the challenge ahead.

Optimization of the Processing Parameters of High Temperature Superconducting Glass-Ceramics: Center Director's Discretionary Fund Final Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ethridge, E. C.; Kaukler, W. F.

1993-01-01

A number of promising glass forming compositions of high Tc superconducting Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) materials were evaluated for their glass-ceramic crystallization ability. The BSCCO ceramics belonging to the class of superconductors in the Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system were the focus of this study. By first forming the superconducting material as a glass, subsequent devitrification into the crystalline (glass-ceramic) superconductor can be performed by thermal processing of the glass preform body. Glass formability and phase formation were determined by a variety of methods in another related study. This study focused on the nucleation and crystallization of the materials. Thermal analysis during rapid cooling aids in the evaluation of nucleation and crystallization behavior. Melt viscosity is used to predict glass formation ability.

The Work Softening Behavior of Pure Mg Wire during Cold Drawing.

PubMed

Sun, Liuxia; Bai, Jing; Xue, Feng; Chu, Chenglin; Meng, Jiao

2018-04-13

We performed multiple-pass cold drawing for pure Mg wire which showed excellent formability (~138% accumulative true strain) at room temperature. Different from the continuous work hardening occurring during cold drawing of Mg alloy wires, for pure Mg, an initially rapid increase in hardness and strength was followed by significant work softening and finally reached a steady-state level, approximately 40~45 HV. The work softening can be attributed to the dynamic recovery and recrystallization of pure Mg at room temperature. Meanwhile, an abrupt change in texture component also was detected with the transition from work hardening to softening in the strain range of 28~34%. During the whole drawing, the strongest texture component gradually transformed from as-extruded basal to <10 1 ¯ 0> fiber (~28% accumulative true strain), and then rapidly returned to the weak basal texture.

The Mechanical Behavior of Friction-Stir Spot Welded Aluminum Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güler, Hande

2014-10-01

Aluminum and alloys are widely used in the automotive industry due to the light weight, good formability, and malleability. Spot welding is the most commonly used joining method of these materials, but the high current requirements and the inconsistent quality of the final welds make this process unsuitable. An alternative welding technique, the friction-stir spot welding process, can also be successfully used in joining of aluminum and alloys. In this study, 1-mm-thick AA5754 Al-alloy plates in the H-111 temper conditions were joined by friction-stir spot welding using two different weld parameters such as tool rotational speed and dwell time. Mechanical properties of the joints were obtained with extensive hardness measurements and tensile shear tests. The effect of these parameters on the failure modes of welded joints was also determined.

An overview of thixoforming process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husain, N. H.; Ahmad, A. H.; Rashidi, M. M.

2017-10-01

Thixoforming is a forming process which exploits metal rheological behaviour during solidus and liquidus range temperature. Many research works in thixoforming are currently focusing on the raw material used to produce superior mechanical properties and excellent formability components, especially in automotive industries. Furthermore, the thixoforming process also produced less casting defect component such as macrosegration, shrinkage and porosity. These advantages are sufficient to attract more exploration works of thixoforming operation. However, the weakness of this process such as high production cost due to leftover billet which cannot be recycled, encourage researcher works to overcome thixoforming limitations by using various methods. The thixoforming methods that widely used are thixocasting, thixoforging, thixorolling, thixoextrusion and thixomoulding. Each method provides varieties of final product characteristics; hence offer the extensive possibility of component invention. On the other hand, new thixoforming method leads to exploration research such as microstructure evolution, heating and pouring temperature, die temperature, mechanical properties, viscosity and final product quality. This review paper presents findings in the rheological material behaviour of thixoforming, advantages and disadvantanges of thixoforming, parameters affecting the thixoforming operation, morphology of thixoforming and various methods which have been used in this research area.

Cryogenic mechanical properties of low density superplastically formable Al-Li alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verzasconi, S. L.; Morris, J. W., Jr.

1989-01-01

The aerospace industry is considering the use of low density, superplastically formable (SPF) materials, such as Al-Li alloys in cryogenic tankage. SPF modifications of alloys 8090, 2090, and 2090+In were tested for strength and Kahn tear toughness. The results were compared to those of similar tests of 2219-T87, an alloy currently used in cryogenic tankage, and 2090-T81, a recently studied Al-Li alloy with exceptional cryogenic properties (1-9). With decreasing temperature, all materials showed an increase in strength, while most materials showed an increase in elongation and decrease in Kahn toughness. The indium addition to 2090 increased alloy strength, but did not improve the strength-toughness combination. The fracture mode was predominantly intergranular along small, recrystallized grains, with some transgranular fracture, some ductile rupture, and some delamination on large, unrecrystallized grains.

Failure prediction during backward flow forming of Ti6Al4V alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Abhishek Kumar; Narasimhan, K.; Singh, Ramesh

2018-05-01

The Flow forming process is a tube spinning process where the thickness of a tube is reduced with the help of spinning roller/s by keeping the internal diameter unchanged. A 3-D Finite element model for the flow-formability test has been developed by using Abaqus/explicit software. A coupled damage criterion based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) has been studied in this research. The damage model is introduced by using FORTRAN based VUMAT subroutine which is developed through a stress integration algorithm. Further, the effect of reduction angle, friction coefficient, and coolant heat transfer coefficient on fracture has been studied. The results show that the formability improves with increase in reduction angle. Both, equivalent plastic strain and damage variable increases from inner to outer surface of flow formed tube.

Damage percolation during stretch flange forming of aluminum alloy sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zengtao; Worswick, Michael J.; Keith Pilkey, A.; Lloyd, David J.

2005-12-01

A multi-scale finite element (FE)-damage percolation model was employed to simulate stretch flange forming of aluminum alloys AA5182 and AA5754. Material softening and strain gradients were captured using a Gurson-based FE model. FE results were then fed into the so-called damage percolation code, from which the damage development was modelled within measured microstructures. The formability of the stretch flange samples was predicted based upon the onset of catastrophic failure triggered by profuse void coalescence within the measured second-phase particle field. Damage development is quantified in terms of crack and void areal fractions, and compared to metallographic results obtained from interrupted stretch flange specimens. Parametric study is conducted on the effect of void nucleation strain in the prediction of formability of stretch flanges to "calibrate" proper nucleation strains for both alloys.

Conditioning of material properties by micro rotary swaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishkina, Svetlana; Schenck, Christian; Kuhfuss, Bernd

2018-05-01

Cold forming initiates a change of the material properties like flow stress and hardness. Due to work hardening and the accompanied loss of formability some intermediate heat treatment may become necessary in multi-stage forming processes. One possibility to avoid this heat treatment is to adjust the forming characteristics in terms of flow stress and formability by rotary swaging. This process is particularly suitable not only for producing of the target geometry but also for modifying of the material properties during the process and thus, rotary swaging can prepare the parts for further forming, such as extrusion. In this contribution, the process chain "rotary swaging - extrusion" for austenite stainless steel AISI304 was investigated. The forming characteristics of the semi-finished products for the extrusion were influenced by the previous swaging process. The conditioning by changing of the microstructure, the work hardening and the geometry of the processed wires was achieved by the process design. For this purpose, the geometry of the swaging dies, the feeding velocity as well as the process kinematics (eccentric swaging) and a stroke following angle Δɸ were varied. In particular, the novel geometry of the swaging dies with extraordinary sloped faces generated a non-symmetric material flow with severe shear deformation and thus an extreme change of the microstructure. The required forming force of the following extrusion process reflected the range of achievable conditioning. The micro rotary swaging process positively improved the formability of AISI304 by work softening.

Effect of Local Post Weld Heat Treatment on Tensile Properties in Friction Stir Welded 2219-O Al Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Guannan; Sun, Lei; Lin, Caiyuan; Lin, Yanli

2017-11-01

To improve the formability of the aluminum alloy welds and overcome the size limitation of the bulk post weld heat treatment (BPWHT) on large size friction stir welded joints, a local post weld heat treatment method (LPWHT) was proposed. In this method, the resistance heating as the moving heat source is adopted to only heat the weld seam. The temperature field of LPWHT and its influence on the mechanical properties and formability of FSW 2219-O Al alloy joints was investigated. The evaluation of the tensile properties of FSW samples was also examined by mapping the global and local strain distribution using the digital image correlation methodology. The results indicated that the formability was improved greatly after LPWHT, while the hardness distribution of the FSW joint was homogenized. The maximum elongation can reach 1.4 times that of as-welded joints with increase the strength and the strain of the nugget zone increased from 3 to 8% when annealing at 300 °C. The heterogeneity on the tensile deformation of the as-welded joints was improved by the nugget zone showing large local strain value and the reason was given according to the dimple fracture characteristics at different annealing temperatures. The tensile strength and elongation of LPWHT can reach 93.3 and 96.1% of the BPWHT, respectively. Thus, the LPWHT can be advantageous compared to the BPWHT for large size welds.

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Isothermal and Non-isothermal Deep Drawing of IS 513 CR3 Steel Sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mayavan, T.; Karthikeyan, L.; Senthilkumar, V. S.

2016-11-01

The present work aims to investigate the effects of the temperature gradient developed within the tool profiles on the formability of IS 513 CR3-grade steel sheets using the cup drawing test. The deformation characteristics of steel sheets were analyzed by comparing the thicknesses in various regions of the formed cup and also the limiting drawing ratios (LDR). Finite element simulations were carried out to predict the behavior of the steel sheets in isothermal and non-isothermal forming using Abaqus/Standard 6.12-1. An analytical model created by Kim was used to validate the experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) results on identical process parameters. Both the FEA and analytical modeling results showed that formability improvement is possible in warm forming; the findings are in good agreement with the experimental results in determining the locations and values of excessive thinning. The results also indicated that formability improvement cannot be achieved by keeping the tooling temperature at the same level. The LDR increased by around 9.5% in isothermal forming and by 19% in non-isothermal forming (with the punch maintained at a lower temperature compared with the die and blank holder). In addition, the fractured surfaces of unsuccessfully formed samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Metallographic investigations confirmed that the fracture mechanism during the forming of IS 513 CR3-grade steel sheets depends on the brittleness, strain hardening value, forming temperature, and magnitude of stresses developed.

A Comparative Study on Formability of the Third-Generation Automotive Medium-Mn Steel and 22MnB5 Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Guojun; Li, Xiaodong; Chang, Ying; Wang, Cunyu; Dong, Han

2018-02-01

Third-generation advanced automotive medium-Mn steel, which can replace 22MnB5 steel, was newly developed to improve the lightweight and crashworthiness of automobile. Studies on the formability and simulation method of medium-Mn steel have just been initiated. In this study, finite element simulation models of square-cup deep drawing were established based on various material property experiments and validated by experiments. The effects of blank holder force (BHF), fillet radii of tools (die and punch) on the maximum drawing depth (MDD), thickness distribution of the formed products, and the microstructure before and after forming were investigated and compared with those on 22MnB5 steel. Results show that the MDD of the two steels decreased with increased BHF but increased with the fillet radius of punch; however, the fillet radius of die showed no significant effect on the MDD for both steels. Compared with hot-formed 22MnB5 steel, the martensitic transformation of the hot-formed medium-Mn steel is rarely influenced by the process parameters; thus, it holds the complete, fine-grained, and uniform martensitic microstructure. Moreover, the medium-Mn has better formability, lower initial blank temperature, and smaller impact of BHF and fillet radius of tools on the hot-formed product. Thus, a theoretical basis for the replacement of 22MnB5 steel by medium-Mn steel in hot forming process is provided.

Advanced bulk processing of lightweight materials for utilization in the transportation sector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Milner, Justin L.

The overall objective of this research is to develop the microstructure of metallic lightweight materials via multiple advanced processing techniques with potentials for industrial utilization on a large scale to meet the demands of the aerospace and automotive sectors. This work focused on (i) refining the grain structure to increase the strength, (ii) controlling the texture to increase formability and (iii) directly reducing processing/production cost of lightweight material components. Advanced processing is conducted on a bulk scale by several severe plastic deformation techniques including: accumulative roll bonding, isolated shear rolling and friction stir processing to achieve the multiple targets of this research. Development and validation of the processing techniques is achieved through wide-ranging experiments along with detailed mechanical and microstructural examination of the processed material. On a broad level, this research will make advancements in processing of bulk lightweight materials facilitating industrial-scale implementation. Where accumulative roll bonding and isolated shear rolling, currently feasible on an industrial scale, processes bulk sheet materials capable of replacing more expensive grades of alloys and enabling low-temperature and high-strain-rate formability. Furthermore, friction stir processing to manufacture lightweight tubes, made from magnesium alloys, has the potential to increase the utilization of these materials in the automotive and aerospace sectors for high strength - high formability applications. With the increased utilization of these advanced processing techniques will significantly reduce the cost associated with lightweight materials for many applications in the transportation sectors.

Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glasser, Alan H.

Final technical report on DE-SC0016106. This is the final technical report for a portion of the multi-institutional CEMM project. This report is centered around 3 publications and a seminar presentation, which have been submitted to E-Link.

Grain neighbour effects on twin transmission in hexagonal close-packed materials

DOE PAGES

Arul Kumar, Mariyappan; Beyerlein, Irene Jane; McCabe, Rodney James; ...

2016-12-19

Materials with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure such as Mg, Ti and Zr are being used in the transportation, aerospace and nuclear industry, respectively. Material strength and formability are critical qualities for shaping these materials into parts and a pervasive deformation mechanism that significantly affects their formability is deformation twinning. The interaction between grain boundaries and twins has an important influence on the deformation behaviour and fracture of hcp metals. Here, statistical analysis of large data sets reveals that whether twins transmit across grain boundaries depends not only on crystallography but also strongly on the anisotropy in crystallographic slip.more » As a result, we show that increases in crystal plastic anisotropy enhance the probability of twin transmission by comparing the relative ease of twin transmission in hcp materials such as Mg, Zr and Ti.« less

Effect of Chemical Treatments on Flax Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites on Tensile and Dome Forming Behaviour

PubMed Central

Wang, Wentian; Lowe, Adrian; Kalyanasundaram, Shankar

2015-01-01

Tensile tests were performed on two different natural fibre composites (same constituent material, similar fibre fraction and thickness but different weave structure) to determine changes in mechanical properties caused by various aqueous chemical treatments and whether any permanent changes remain on drying. Scanning electronic microscopic examinations suggested that flax fibres and the flax/polypropylene interface were affected by the treatments resulting in tensile property variations. The ductility of natural fibre composites was improved significantly under wet condition and mechanical properties (elongation-to-failure, stiffness and strength) can almost retain back to pre-treated levels when dried from wet condition. Preheating is usually required to improve the formability of material in rapid forming, and the chemical treatments performed in this study were far more effective than preheating. The major breakthrough in improving the formability of natural fibre composites can aid in rapid forming of this class of material system. PMID:25789505

Deformation and recrystallization behavior of super high-purity niobium for SRF cavity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamaguchi, Y.; Doryo, H.; Yuasa, M.; Miyamoto, H.; Yamanaka, M.

2017-05-01

Deformation and recyrstallization behavior of pure niobium was investigated in order to clarify the origin of its low hydro-formability despite of its high ductility comparable with pure iron. It was found that pure niobium exhibits lower strain hardening in cold rolling compared with pure iron. Furthermore, in post-deformation annealing, the hardness of niobium decreased monotonously with an increase of temperature, and the typical sharp drop by recrystallization was not evident. This softening behavior was contrasted with the high-purity iron. It is suggested that niobium exhibit the so-called in-situ recrystallization possibly because of low elastic modulus and low accumulative plastic strain energy in spite of high melting temperature. The low hydro-formability of pure niobium sheets or tubes is caused by its low strain hardening and its unique plastic anisotropy which is associated with this recovered residual rolled texture.

Prediction Of Formability In Sheet Metal Forming Processes Using A Local Damage Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teixeira, P.; Santos, Abel; César Sá, J.; Andrade Pires, F.; Barata da Rocha, A.

2007-05-01

The formability in sheet metal forming processes is mainly conditioned by ductile fracture resulting from geometric instabilities due to necking and strain localization. The macroscopic collapse associated with ductile failure is a result of internal degradation described throughout metallographic observations by the nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids and micro-cracks. Damage influences and is influenced by plastic deformation and therefore these two dissipative phenomena should be coupled at the constitutive level. In this contribution, Lemaitre's ductile damage model is coupled with Hill's orthotropic plasticity criterion. The coupling between damaging and material behavior is accounted for within the framework of Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM). The resulting constitutive equations are implemented in the Abaqus/Explicit code, for the prediction of fracture onset in sheet metal forming processes. The damage evolution law takes into account the important effect of micro-crack closure, which dramatically decreases the rate of damage growth under compressive paths.

Formability analysis of aluminum alloy sheets at elevated temperatures with numerical simulation based on the M-K method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bagheriasl, Reza; Ghavam, Kamyar; Worswick, Michael

2011-05-04

The effect of temperature on formability of aluminum alloy sheet is studied by developing the Forming Limit Diagrams, FLD, for aluminum alloy 3000-series using the Marciniak and Kuczynski technique by numerical simulation. The numerical model is conducted in LS-DYNA and incorporates the Barlat's YLD2000 anisotropic yield function and the temperature dependant Bergstrom hardening law. Three different temperatures; room temperature, 250 deg. C and 300 deg. C, are studied. For each temperature case, various loading conditions are applied to the M-K defect model. The effect of the material anisotropy is considered by varying the defect angle. A simplified failure criterion ismore » used to predict the onset of necking. Minor and major strains are obtained from the simulations and plotted for each temperature level. It is demonstrated that temperature improves the forming limit of aluminum 3000-series alloy sheet.« less

Application technologies for effective utilization of advanced high strength steel sheets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suehiro, Masayoshi, E-mail: suehiro.kp5.masayoshi@jp.nssmc.com

Recently, application of high strength steel sheets for automobiles has increased in order to meet a demand of light weighting of automobiles to reduce a carbon footprint while satisfying collision safety. The formability of steel sheets generally decreases with the increase in strength. Fracture and wrinkles tend to occur easily during forming. The springback phenomenon is also one of the issues which we should cope with, because it makes it difficult to obtain the desired shape after forming. Advanced high strength steel sheets with high formability have been developed in order to overcome these issues, and at the same timemore » application technologies have been developed for their effective utilization. These sheets are normally used for cold forming. As a different type of forming, hot forming technique has been developed in order to produce parts with ultra high strength. In this report, technologies developed at NSSMC in this field will be introduced.« less

Process Mechanics Analysis in Single Point Incremental Forming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ambrogio, G.; Filice, L.; Fratini, L.; Micari, F.

2004-06-01

The request of highly differentiated products and the need of process flexibility have brought the researchers to focus the attention on innovative sheet forming processes. Industrial application of conventional processes is, in fact, economically convenient just for large scale productions; furthermore conventional processes do not allow to fully satisfy the mentioned demand of flexibility. In this contest, single point incremental forming (SPIF) is an innovative and flexible answer to market requests. The process is characterized by a peculiar process mechanics, being the sheet plastically deformed only through a localised stretching mechanism. Some recent experimental studies have shown that SPIF permits a relevant increase of formability limits, just as a consequence of the peculiar deformation mechanics. The research here addressed is focused on the theoretical investigation of process mechanics; the aim was to achieve a deeper understanding of basic phenomena involved in SPIF which justify the above mentioned formability enhancing.

Formability of tufted 3-dimensional composite reinforcement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ling Shan; Wang, Peng; Legrand, Xavier; Soulat, Damien

2016-10-01

In the aerospace industry, more and more complex preform for composite parts are needed. Traditionally, laminated reinforcement is largely used as the method. The development of tufting technology has now advanced to a stage whereby it can be employed to produce the 3D textile composite reinforcements. Because the tufting technology is user-friendly, in this study, the tufting parameters (tufting density, tufting length, tufting yarn orientations…) are varied, in order to improve the understanding of formability of the tufted 3D fabric during manufacturing, in particular the influence of the tufting yarns, the present work is performed to analyse the preforming behaviours of tufted 3D reinforcement in the hemispherical stamping process. The preforming behaviours are also compared with the ones of the multilayered forming. Interply sliding and winkling phenomenon during forming are fully influenced by tufting yarns on the material draw-in, by the orientations of tufting yarn, …

10 CFR 52.157 - Contents of applications; technical information in final safety analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...; technical information in final safety analysis report. The application must contain a final safety analysis...) Information sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements regarding testing, analysis... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Contents of applications; technical information in final...

10 CFR 52.157 - Contents of applications; technical information in final safety analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; technical information in final safety analysis report. The application must contain a final safety analysis...) Information sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements regarding testing, analysis... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Contents of applications; technical information in final...

10 CFR 52.157 - Contents of applications; technical information in final safety analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; technical information in final safety analysis report. The application must contain a final safety analysis...) Information sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements regarding testing, analysis... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Contents of applications; technical information in final...

10 CFR 52.157 - Contents of applications; technical information in final safety analysis report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; technical information in final safety analysis report. The application must contain a final safety analysis...) Information sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements regarding testing, analysis... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Contents of applications; technical information in final...

Recovery behaviour of shape memory polyurethane based laminates after thermoforming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Shuiliang; Xu, Wensen; Prasath Balamurugan, G.; Thompson, Michael R.; Nielsen, Kent E.; Brandys, Frank A.

2017-11-01

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can be used to produce a new class of decorative films capable of improved formability and shape recovery in polymer laminates, which are increasingly being used for automotive, aerospace, construction and commercial applications. As a relatively new field there is little knowledge on the shape recovery behaviour of laminates with a SMP film and few methods of quantify that behaviour. The influences of different variables that affect the recovery behaviour of thermoplastic shape memory polyurethanes based laminates including ambient temperature (45 °C and 65 °C), material modulus, and adhesive strength were investigated after thermoforming, through both experimental and modelling methods. The empirical model assisted in identifying the contributions of the adhesive to transfer stresses, which dampened the recovery of the laminate with lower shear strength adhesives. Increasing ambient temperature and the film modulus increased both the final angle recovery ratios and recovery rates.

Mitigating Abnormal Grain Growth for Friction Stir Welded Al-Li 2195 Spun Formed Domes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Po-Shou; Russell, Carolyn

2012-01-01

Formability and abnormal grain growth (AGG) are the two major issues that have been encountered for Al alloy spun formed dome development using friction stir welded blanks. Material properties that have significant influence on the formability include forming range and strain hardening exponent. In this study, tensile tests were performed for two 2195 friction stir weld parameter sets at 400 F to study the effects of post weld anneal on the forming range and strain hardening exponent. It was found that the formability can be enhanced by applying a newly developed post weld anneal to heat treat the friction stir welded panels. This new post weld anneal leads to a higher forming range and much improved strain hardening exponent. AGG in the weld nugget is known to cause a significant reduction of ductility and fracture toughness. This study also investigated how AGG may be influenced by the heating rate to the solution heat treatment temperature. After post-weld annealing, friction stir welds were strained to 15% and 39% by compression at 400 F before they were subjected to SHT at 950 F for 1 hour. Salt bath SHT is very effective in reducing the grain size as it helps arrest the onset of AGG and promote normal recrystallization and grain growth. However, heat treating a 18 ft dome using a salt bath is not practical. Efforts are continuing at Marshall Space Flight Center to identify the welding parameters and heat treating parameters that can help mitigate the AGG in the friction stir welds.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Constraint Effect on Deformation Behavior of Tailor-Welded Blanks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yanhua; Lin, Jianping

2015-08-01

Tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) have been considered as a productive sheet forming method in automotive industries. However, formability of TWBs is reduced due to different properties or thicknesses of the blanks and is a challenge for manufacturing designers. The plastic capacity of TWBs is decreased even when the material and thickness are the same. The constraint effect of the laser weld (including weld and heat-affected zone) material in the forming process of similar TWBs is a key problem to be solved in the research, development and application of thin-sheet TWBs. In this paper, uniaxial tensile tests with full-field strain measurement by digital image correlation and Erichsen tests are performed to investigate the constraint effect on deformation behavior and explore the mechanism of decreasing formability of similar TWBs. In addition, finite element models are conducted under ABAQUS code to further reveal the phenomenal behavior of the constraint effect. The results of the base material and welded blanks are compared for characterizing the differences. Furthermore, in order to better understand this mechanism, theoretical and numerical investigations are employed and compared to interpret the constraint effect of laser weld on the deformation behavior of TWBs. An index is proposed to quantify the constraint effect. Results show that the constraint effect of laser weld appears in both stretch forming and drawing of TWBs. Strain paths are approaching the plane strain condition as compared to the monolithic blank due to the constraint effect. Constraint effect is a major factor affecting the formability of TWBs when the failure occurs away from the weld seam.

Effect of the Process Parameters on the Formability, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Thin Plates Fabricated by Rheology Forging Process with Electromagnetic Stirring Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Chul Kyu; Jang, Chang Hyun; Kang, Chung Gil

2014-01-01

A thin plate (150 × 150 × 1.2 mm) with embedded corrugation is fabricated using the rheoforming method. Semisolid slurry is created using the electromagnetic stirring (EMS) system, and the thin plate is made with the forging die at the 200-ton hydraulic press. The cross sections and microstructures of the slurry with and without stirring are examined. To investigate the effect of the process parameters on the formability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of thin plate the slurry is subjected to 16 types of condition for the forging experiment. The 16 types included the following conditions: Whether the EMS is applied or not, three fractions of the solid phase at 35, 45 and 55 pct; two compression velocities at 30 and 300 mm s-1; and four different compression pressures—100, 150, 200 and 250 MPa. The thin plate's formability is enhanced at higher punch velocity for compressing the slurry, and fine solid particles are uniformly distributed, which in turn, enhances the plate's mechanical properties. The pressure between 150 and 200 MPa is an appropriate condition to form thin plates. A thin plate without defects can be created when the slurry at 35 pct of the solid fraction (f s) was applied at the compression velocity of 300 mm s-1 and 150 MPa of pressure. The surface state of thin plate is excellent with 220 MPa of tensile strength and 13.5 pct of elongation. The primary particles are fine over the entire plate, and there are no liquid segregation-related defects.

77 FR 45600 - Certain New Chemicals; Receipt and Status Information

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-01

...-0373...... 05/25/2012 08/22/2012 CBI (G) Abrasion (G) 1,4- resistant, butanediol, formable dual.......... 06/13/2012 06/11/2012 (G) Aliphatic epoxy acrylate. P-12-0019....... 06/08/2012 06/05/2012 (S) Starch...

Henry Taube and Coordination Chemistry

Science.gov Websites

Shifts Caused by Cr++ in Aqueous Solutions, DOE Technical Report, 1962 Reactions of Solvated Ions Final Report, DOE Technical Report, 1962 Isotopic Discrimination of Some Solutes in Liquid Ammonia, DOE Technical Report, 1966 Final Technical Report of Research, DOE Technical Report, 1972 Top Additional Web

George A. Olah, Carbocation and Hydrocarbon Chemistry

Science.gov Websites

. Final Technical Report. [HF:BF{sub 2}/H{sub 2}] , DOE Technical Report, 1980 Superacid Catalyzed Coal Conversion Chemistry. 1st and 2nd Quarterly Technical Progress Reports, September 1, 1983-March 30, 1984 , DOE Technical Report, 1984 Superacid Catalyzed Coal Conversion Chemistry. Final Technical Report

New Modelling of Localized Necking in Sheet Metal Stretching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bressan, José Divo

2011-01-01

Present work examines a new mathematical model to predict the onset of localized necking in the industrial processes of sheet metal forming such as biaxial stretching. Sheet metal formability is usually assessed experimentally by testing such as the Nakajima test to obtain the Forming Limit Curve, FLC, which is an essential material parameter necessary to numerical simulations by FEM. The Forming Limit Diagram or "Forming Principal Strain Map" shows the experimental FLC which is the plot of principal true strains in the sheet metal surface, ɛ1 and ɛ2, occurring at critical points obtained in laboratory formability tests or in the fabrication process. Two types of undesirable rupture mechanisms can occur in sheet metal forming products: localized necking and shear induced fracture. Therefore, two kinds of limit strain curves can be plotted: the local necking limit curve FLC-N and the shear fracture limit curve FLC-S. Localized necking is theoretically anticipated to initiate at a thickness defect ƒin = hib/hia inside the grooved sheet thickness hia, but only at the instability point of maximum load. The inception of grooving on the sheet surface evolves from instability point to localized necking and final rupture, during further sheet metal straining. Work hardening law is defined for a strain and strain rate material by the effective stress σ¯ = σo(1+βɛ¯)n???ɛM. The average experimental hardening law curve for tensile tests at 0°, 45° and 90°, assuming isotropic plasticity, was used to analyze the plasticity behavior during the biaxial stretching of sheet metals. Theoretical predicted curves of local necking limits are plotted in the positive quadrant of FPSM for different defect values ƒin and plasticity parameters. Limit strains are obtained from a software developed by the author. Some experimental results of forming limit curve obtained from experiments for IF steel sheets are compared with the theoretical predicted curves: the correlation is good.

Performance evaluation of concrete bridge decks reinforced with MMFX and SSC rebars.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

This report investigates the performance of bridge decks reinforced with stainless steel clad (SSC) and micro-composite multistructural formable steel (MMFX) rebars. The two-span Galloway Road Bridge on route CR5218 over North Elkhorn Creek in Scott ...

Influence of hydrogen on formability and bendability of DP1180 steel for car body application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Q.; Han, F.; Wortberg, D.; Bleck, W.; Liewald, M.

2016-11-01

In order to reach future light weight targets, it is increasing necessary to use advanced high strength steels with tensile strength 980 MPa or higher in automotive body-inwhite structures. Due to the sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement and the limited understanding of various aspects of hydrogen embrittlement on processing and function, the wide application of these steels is still limited. In the current work, the influence of hydrogen on the multiaxial forming behavior was investigated by determining the forming limit curve and bending limit curve of DP1180 steel. Hydrogen concentration in the material was modified by cathodic charging. Then Nakajima tests on hydrogen uncharged and pre-charged samples were carried out in order to adjust and study different strain states resulting in the forming limit curve. In the study of bending limit curve, the steel sheets were pre-strained by Marciniak test. Bending load on the uncharged and pre-charged samples was introduced by VDA238-100 bending tests. The experimental results indicated that the presence of hydrogen affected the formability and bendability of DP1180 steel. A clear difference in the influence of hydrogen at different strain states was observed. When formed in a biaxial strain state via the Nakajima test, the material showed the highest degradation in formability. Moreover, the samples with biaxial pre-loading showed more degradation in bendability comparing to those pre-strained in plane strain and uni-axial paths. Fractography by scanning electron microscope gave evidence of hydrogen-induced cleavage fracture on pre-charged Nakajima samples. Thus this investigation improves the understanding of influences of hydrogen on forming processes and provides important evidence for further studies on HE susceptibility of AHSS for the application on car body constructions.

Forming an age hardenable aluminum alloy with intermediate annealing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Kaifeng; Carsley, John E.; Stoughton, Thomas B.; Li, Jingjing; Zhang, Lianhong; He, Baiyan

2013-12-01

A method to improve formability of aluminum sheet alloys by a two-stage stamping process with intermediate annealing was developed for a non-age hardenable Al-Mg alloy where the annealing heat treatment provided recovery of cold work from the initial stamping and recrystallization of the microstructure to enhance the forming limits of the material. This method was extended to an age hardenable, Al-Mg-Si alloy, which is complicated by the competing metallurgical effects during heat treatment including recovery (softening effect) vs. precipitation (hardening effect). An annealing heat treatment process condition was discovered wherein the stored strain energy from an initial plastic deformation can be sufficiently recovered to enhance formability in a second deformation; however, there is a deleterious effect on subsequent precipitation hardening. The improvement in formability was quantified with uniaxial tensile tests as well as with the forming limit diagram. Since strain-based forming limit curves (FLC) are sensitive to pre-strain history, both stress-based FLCs and polar-effective-plastic-strain (PEPS) FLCs, which are path-independent, were used to evaluate the forming limits after preform annealing. A technique was developed to calculate the stress-based FLC in which a residual-effective-plastic-strain (REPS) was determined by overlapping the hardening curve of the pre-strained and annealed material with that of the simply-annealed- material. After converting the strain-based FLCs using the constant REPS method, it was found that the stress-based FLCs and the PEPS FLCs of the post-annealed materials were quite similar and both tools are applicable for evaluating the forming limits of Al-Mg-Si alloys for a two-step stamping process with intermediate annealing.

Experimental and numerical investigation of dual phase steels formability during laser-assisted hole-flanging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Motaman, S. A. H.; Komerla, K.; Storms, T.; Prahl, U.; Brecher, C.; Bleck, W.

2018-05-01

Today, in the automotive industry dual phase (DP) steels are extensively used in the production of various structural parts due to their superior mechanical properties. Hole-flanging of such steels due to simultaneous bending and stretching of sheet metal, is complex and associated with some issues such as strain and strain rate localization, development of micro-cracks, inhomogeneous sheet thinning, etc. In this study an attempt is made to improve the formability of DP sheets, by localized Laser heating. The Laser beam was oscillated in circular pattern rapidly around the pre-hole, blanked prior to the flanging process. In order to investigate formability of DP steel (DP1000), several uniaxial tensile tests were conducted from quasi to intermediate strain rates at different temperatures in warm regime. Additionally, experimentally acquired temperature and strain rate-dependent flow curves were fed into thermomechanical finite element (FE) simulation of the hole-flanging process using the commercial FE software ABAQUS/Explicit. Several FE simulations were performed in order to evaluate the effect of blank's initial temperature and punch speed on deformation localization, stress evolution and temperature distribution in DP1000 sheets during warm hole-flanging process. The experimental and numerical analyses revealed that prescribing a distribution of initial temperature between 300 to 400 °C to the blank and setting a punch speed that accommodates strain rate range of 1 to 5 s-1 in the blank, provides the highest strain hardening capacity in the considered rate and temperature regimes for DP1000. This is in fact largely due to the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect which occurs due to pinning of mobile dislocations by interstitial solute atoms, particularly at elevated temperatures.

Deep drawability of Ti/resin/Ti laminated sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hardada, Yasunroi; Hattori, Shuji

2017-10-01

Aiming to enhance functionality of titanium cup, the formability of titanium/resin/titanium laminated sheet by deep drawing was investigated. Although pure titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, the density of titanium is higher than that of light metals, such as aluminum and magnesium. Part of the titanium cup made of resin allows for weight reduction of the cup. Furthermore, the clad cup is more likely to have heat retention and protection against vibration characteristics. In the experiment, the materials were pure titanium and polycarbonate. The initial thickness of the sheet was 0.2 to 0.5 mm in thickness. A total plate thickness of the blank was 1.0 to 1.5 mm in thickness. The blank diameter is 70 mm. The laminated sheet was constituted by interposing resin between two titanium sheets. Each sheet in stacked condition was not joined each other. In the deep drawing process, the laminated sheet was employed and a flat sheet blank was formed into a circle by a punch. For the prevention of seizure in contact area between a drawing tool and titanium, titanium blank was treated by oxide coating. By this method, the fresh and clean titanium is not in direct contact with the die during the forming due to the existence of the oxide layer. The deep drawing was carried out to investigate the formability. The laminated sheet was successfully drawn without the cracks. The section of the drawn cup was observed to examine a formability of the resin sheet. The reduction rate of the thickness was less than 10%. It was found that the titanium/resin/titanium clad cup was successfully drawn.

77 FR 46306 - Fluxapyroxad; Pesticide Tolerances Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

...; Pesticide Tolerances Technical Amendment AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule; technical amendment. SUMMARY: EPA issued a final rule in the Federal Register of May 14, 2012, concerning.... Inadvertently, the terminology for the oilseed crop group and for dried plums was incorrect. This technical...

Repair Options for Airframes

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-03-01

typical applications. This patch configuration can be best obtained with unidirectional tape . Woven material has greater formability and could also...1979. 15. Erdogan F and Arn K, "A Sandwich Plate With a Part-Through and a Debonding Crack," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 4, June 1972. 16

Prevention of crack in stretch flanging process using hot stamping technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Syafiq, Y. Mohd; Hamedon, Z.; Azila Aziz, Wan; Razlan Yusoff, Ahmad

2017-10-01

Demand for enhancing of passenger safety as well as weight reduction of automobiles has increased the use of high strength steel sheets. As a sheet metal is a lightweight having high strength is suitable for producing automotive parts such as white body panel. The stretch flanging of the high strength steel sheet is a problem due to high springback and easy to crack. This study uses three methods to stretch flange the sheets; using lubricants, shear-edge polishing and hot stamping. The effectiveness of these methods will be measured by comparing the flange length of each methods can achieved. For stretch flange with lubricant and polished sheared edge, the flange length failed to achieve the target 15 mm while hot stamping improved the formability of the sheet and preventing the occurrence of the springback and crack. Hot stamping not only improved formability of the sheet but also transformed the microstructure into martensite thus improve the hardness and the strength of the sheet after been quenched with the dies.

The impact of hydrogen on the formability of AHSS in Nakajima tests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Qi; Han, Fei; Wortberg, Daniel; Bleck, Wolfgang; Liewald, Mathias

2016-10-01

The application of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) in the design of automotive body-in-white structures meets the requirement of light weight construction. The susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement however, limits the wide application of steel grades over 1000 MPa. Up to now, various published studies focused on the hydrogen effects on mechanical properties; the impact of hydrogen on formability was not clarified. The present work aims to evaluate the influence of hydrogen on forming limit and fracture behavior in different strain states during the forming process. The hydrogen concentration in the material was modified by cathodic electro-charging. Nakajima tests in three strain conditions on uncharged and pre-charged samples were carried out. The localized necking was determined on the basis of the representative thinning rate in necking areas. The results revealed the shift of forming limits and critical strains to fracture owing to the presence of massive hydrogen. The fractography by Scanning Electron Microscope gave evidence of typical hydrogen-induced cleavage fracture on pre-charged samples.

Laser-assisted metal spinning for an efficient and flexible processing of challenging materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brummer, C.; Eck, S.; Marsoner, S.; Arntz, K.; Klocke, F.

2016-03-01

The demand for components made from high performance materials like titanium or nickel-based alloys as well as strain-hardening stainless steel is steadily increasing. However, conventional forming operations conducted on these materials are generally very laborious and time-consuming. This is where the limitations of metal spinning also become apparent. Using a laser to apply heat localized to the forming zone during metal spinning facilitates to enhance the formability of a material. In order to analyse the potential of the new manufacturing process, experimental investigations on laser-assisted shear forming and multi-pass metal spinning have been performed with austenitic stainless steel X5CrNi18-10, nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 and titanium grade 2. It could be demonstrated that the formability of these materials can be enhanced by laser-assistance. Besides the resulting enhancement of forming limits for metal spinning of challenging materials, the forming forces were reduced and the product quality was improved significantly.

Large strain cruciform biaxial testing for FLC detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güler, Baran; Efe, Mert

2017-10-01

Selection of proper test method, specimen design and analysis method are key issues for studying formability of sheet metals and detection of their forming limit curves (FLC). Materials with complex microstructures may need an additional micro-mechanical investigation and accurate modelling. Cruciform biaxial test stands as an alternative to standard tests as it achieves frictionless, in-plane, multi-axial stress states with a single sample geometry. In this study, we introduce a small-scale (less than 10 cm) cruciform sample allowing micro-mechanical investigation at stress states ranging from plane strain to equibiaxial. With successful specimen design and surface finish, large forming limit strains are obtained at the test region of the sample. The large forming limit strains obtained by experiments are compared to the values obtained from Marciniak-Kuczynski (M-K) local necking model and Cockroft-Latham damage model. This comparison shows that the experimental limiting strains are beyond the theoretical values, approaching to the fracture strain of the two test materials: Al-6061-T6 aluminum alloy and DC-04 high formability steel.

Crystal plasticity modelling of shear band deformation and its effect on the formability of Mg-3Al-1Zn sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Shuai-Feng; Song, Hong-Wu; Zhang, Shi-Hong

2017-09-01

Shear bands is a kind of typical microstructure in magnesium alloy which has drawn much attention during recent years. The formation of shear bands during the isothermal differential speed rolling of Mg-3Al-1Zn sheets is analysed by experimental methods. In addition, results of Erichsen and tensile tests indicate that the shear bands have an obvious effect on the anisotropic fracture behaviour and formability of magnesium alloy. A represent volume element (RVE) method combined with crystal plasticity model is established to investigate the effect of shear bands on the anisotropic fracture behaviours systematically by considering the grain size, texture, width, and tilted angle. The simulation results disclose the above factors can induce discontinuous strain and stress between the shear band regions (SBRs) and non-shear band regions (NSBRs), but the grain size and tilted angle have much bigger effect than that of texture and width, leading to the fracture at the interface SBR and NSBR.

Tensile behaviors of three-dimensionally free-formable titanium mesh plates for bone graft applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Jianmei

2017-11-01

Present metal artificial bones for bone grafts have the problems like too heavy and excessive elastic modulus compared with natural bones. In this study, three-dimensionally (3D) free-formable titanium mesh plates for bone graft applications was introduced to improve these problems. Fundamental mesh shapes and patterns were designed under different base shapes and design parameters through three dimensional CAD tools from higher flexibility and strength points of view. Based on the designed mesh shape and patterns, sample specimens of titanium mesh plates with different base shapes and design variables were manufactured through laser processing. Tensile properties of the sample titanium mesh plates like volume density, tensile elastic modulus were experimentally and analytically evaluated. Experimental results showed that such titanium mesh plates had much higher flexibility and their mechanical properties could be controlled to close to the natural bones. More details on the mechanical properties of titanium mesh plates including compression, bending, torsion and durability will be carried out in future study.

Combinatorial Strategies for the Development of Bulk Metallic Glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Shiyan

The systematic identification of multi-component alloys out of the vast composition space is still a daunting task, especially in the development of bulk metallic glasses that are typically based on three or more elements. In order to address this challenge, combinatorial approaches have been proposed. However, previous attempts have not successfully coupled the synthesis of combinatorial libraries with high-throughput characterization methods. The goal of my dissertation is to develop efficient high-throughput characterization methods, optimized to identify glass formers systematically. Here, two innovative approaches have been invented. One is to measure the nucleation temperature in parallel for up-to 800 compositions. The composition with the lowest nucleation temperature has a reasonable agreement with the best-known glass forming composition. In addition, the thermoplastic formability of a metallic glass forming system is determined through blow molding a compositional library. Our results reveal that the composition with the largest thermoplastic deformation correlates well with the best-known formability composition. I have demonstrated both methods as powerful tools to develop new bulk metallic glasses.

The effect of oxyalkylation and application of polymer dispersions on the thermoformability and extensibility of paper.

PubMed

Kouko, Jarmo; Setälä, Harri; Tanaka, Atsushi; Khakalo, Alexey; Ropponen, Jarmo; Retulainen, Elias

2018-04-15

Wood fiber-based packaging materials, as renewable materials, have growing market potential due to their sustainability. A new breakthrough in cellulose-based packaging requires some improvement in the mechanical properties of paper. Bleached softwood kraft pulp was mechanically treated, in two stages, using high- and low-consistency refining, sequentially. Chemical treatment of pulp using the oxyalkylation method was applied to modify a portion of fiber material, especially the fiber surface, and its compatibility with polymer dispersions including one carbohydrate polymer. The results showed that the compatibility of the cellulosic fibers with some polymers could be improved with oxyalkylation. By adjusting mechanical and chemical treatments, and the thermoforming conditions, the formability of paper was improved, but simultaneously the strength and stiffness decreased. The results suggest that the formability of the paper is not a direct function of the extensibility of the applied polymer, but also depends on the fiber network structure and surface energy. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? (a... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? 37.895 Section 37.895 National Defense Department of...

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? (a... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? 37.895 Section 37.895 National Defense Department of...

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? (a... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? 37.895 Section 37.895 National Defense Department of...

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? 37.895 Section 37.895 National Defense Department of... How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? (a...

The Specific Volumes and Viscosities of the Ni-Zr Liquid Alloys and their Correlation with the Glass Formability of the Alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ohsaka, K.; Chung, S. K.; Rhim, W. K.

1997-01-01

The specific volumes and viscosities of the Ni-Zr liquid alloys as a function of temperature are determined by employing a digitizing technique and numeric analysis methods applied to the optical images of the electrostatically levitated liquid alloys.

Development of structural test articles from magnesium-lithium and beryllium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alario, R.

1969-01-01

Study on the fabrication and testing of a magnesium-lithium box beam shows the formability and machinability characteristics of that alloy to be excellent. Results of forming tests for shrink and stretch flanges show values for both flange heights that may be used in future beryllium design.

Effect of process parameters on formability of laser melting deposited 12CrNi2 alloy steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Qian; Dong, Shiyun; Kang, Xueliang; Yan, Shixing; Men, Ping

2018-03-01

As a new rapid prototyping technology, the laser melting deposition technology not only has the advantages of fast forming, high efficiency, but also free control in the design and production chain. Therefore, it has drawn extensive attention from community.With the continuous improvement of steel performance requirements, high performance low-carbon alloy steel is gradually integrated into high-tech fields such as aerospace, high-speed train and armored equipment.However, it is necessary to further explore and optimize the difficult process of laser melting deposited alloy steel parts to achieve the performance and shape control.This article took the orthogonal experiment on alloy steel powder by laser melting deposition ,and revealed the influence rule of the laser power, scanning speed, powder gas flow on the quality of the sample than the dilution rate, surface morphology and microstructure analysis were carried out.Finally, under the optimum technological parameters, the Excellent surface quality of the alloy steel forming part with high density, no pore and cracks was obtained.

Deformation-Induced Recrystallization of Magnesium Single Crystals at Ambient Temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molodov, K. D.; Al-Samman, T.; Molodov, D. A.

2015-04-01

Specially oriented magnesium single crystals were subjected to plane strain compression along the <112¯0> direction in c-axis extension at ambient temperature. The samples exhibited outstanding formability deforming up to a logarithmic final strain of -1. Investigations by optical and orientation imaging microscopy revealed that massive {101¯2} extension twinning at low strains consumed the whole sample and resulted in new soft orientations for slip. Observations also indicated that additional twinning took place in the completely twinned matrix by secondary and tertiary twinning events. At advanced stages of deformation newly formed, equiaxed small grains were observed within numerous bands related to former deformation twins. These “recrystallized” grains characterized by a low grain orientation spread of less than 1° generated new orientations, which led to a substantial weakening and randomization of the texture during deformation up to very large strains. The reported results in this paper are discussed with regard to the microstructure evolution arising from multiple twinning and continuous dynamic recrystallization at room temperature.

76 FR 18624 - Research, Technical Assistance and Training Programs: Notice of Final Circular

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-04

... to FTA Circular 6100.1D, Research and Technical Assistance Training Program: Application Instructions... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Transit Administration Research, Technical Assistance and Training Programs: Notice of Final Circular AGENCY: Federal Transit Administration (FTA), DOT. ACTION...

Minnesota Deaf-Blind Technical Assistance Project. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kloos, Eric

This final report describes activities and accomplishments of the 3-year federally supported Minnesota Deaf-Blind Technical Assistance Project. The project provided training and technical assistance, information sharing, and support services to families of children with deaf-blindness. Activities and accomplishments included: collaboration with…

75 FR 56857 - Pilot, Flight Instructor, and Pilot School Certification

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-17

... of part 141. Discussion of Technical Amendment Section 141.5(d) establishes the quality of training... Certification AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration, DOT. ACTION: Final rule; technical amendment. SUMMARY: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is making minor technical changes to a final rule published...

Theoretical analysis of sheet metal formability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Xinhai

Sheet metal forming processes are among the most important metal-working operations. These processes account for a sizable proportion of manufactured goods made in industrialized countries each year. Furthermore, to reduce the cost and increase the performance of manufactured products, in addition to the environmental concern, more and more light weight and high strength materials have been used as a substitute to the conventional steel. These materials usually have limited formability, thus, a thorough understanding of the deformation processes and the factors limiting the forming of sound parts is important, not only from a scientific or engineering viewpoint, but also from an economic point of view. An extensive review of previous studies pertaining to theoretical analyses of Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) is contained in Chapter I. A numerical model to analyze the neck evolution process is outlined in Chapter II. With the use of strain gradient theory, the effect of initial defect profile on the necking process is analyzed. In the third chapter, the method proposed by Storen and Rice is adopted to analyze the initiation of localized neck and predict the corresponding FLDs. In view of the fact that the width of the localized neck is narrow, the deformation inside the neck region is constrained by the material in the neighboring homogeneous region. The relative rotation effect may then be assumed to be small and is thus neglected. In Chapter IV, Hill's 1948 yield criterion and strain gradient theory are employed to obtain FLDs, for planar anisotropic sheet materials by using bifurcation analysis. The effects of the strain gradient coefficient c and the material anisotropic parameters R's on the orientation of the neck and FLDs are analyzed in a systematic manner and compared with experiments. In Chapter V, Hill's 79 non-quadratic yield criterion with a deformation theory of plasticity is used along with bifurcation analyses to derive a general analytical expression for calculating FLDs. In the final chapter, a method is proposed to construct forming limit diagrams for sheet metals under different deformation histories. This analysis employs Hill's 79 anisotropic yield function and uses strain gradient theory to describe the constitutive equation for the flow stress. In order to utilize an analytical method developed earlier for proportional loading, the concept of "virtual deformation" is introduced. The actual deformation path is divided into a sequence of linear paths and an effective "virtual deformation" path is defined having a strain ratio identical to that of the linear part in the final deformation stage, and a plastic work identical to that of the prior actual deformation it is replacing. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

77 FR 29247 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Occupant Crash Protection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-17

...). ACTION: Final rule; technical amendments. SUMMARY: This final rule makes technical amendments to Federal... advanced air bag requirements. As written now, the general warning label requirements contain an explicit... equipment requirements for restraint systems. This document makes technical amendments to several of the...

Low cost, formable, high T(sub c) superconducting wire

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smialek, James L. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

A ceramic superconductivity part such as a wire is produced through the partial oxidation of a specially formulated copper alloy in the core. The alloys contain low level quantities of rare earth and alkaline earth dopant elements. Upon oxidation at high temperature, superconducting oxide phases are formed as a thin film.

Quasicrystal-reinforced Mg alloys.

PubMed

Kyun Kim, Young; Tae Kim, Won; Hyang Kim, Do

2014-04-01

The formation of the icosahedral phase (I-phase) as a secondary solidification phase in Mg-Zn-Y and Mg-Zn-Al base systems provides useful advantages in designing high performance wrought magnesium alloys. The strengthening in two-phase composites (I-phase + α -Mg) can be explained by dispersion hardening due to the presence of I-phase particles and by the strong bonding property at the I-phase/matrix interface. The presence of an additional secondary solidification phase can further enhance formability and mechanical properties. In Mg-Zn-Y alloys, the co-presence of I and Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 phases by addition of Ca can significantly enhance formability, while in Mg-Zn-Al alloys, the co-presence of the I-phase and Mg 2 Sn phase leads to the enhancement of mechanical properties. Dynamic and static recrystallization are significantly accelerated by addition of Ca in Mg-Zn-Y alloy, resulting in much smaller grain size and more random texture. The high strength of Mg-Zn-Al-Sn alloys is attributed to the presence of finely distributed Mg 2 Sn and I-phase particles embedded in the α -Mg matrix.

Quasicrystal-reinforced Mg alloys

PubMed Central

Kyun Kim, Young; Tae Kim, Won; Hyang Kim, Do

2014-01-01

The formation of the icosahedral phase (I-phase) as a secondary solidification phase in Mg–Zn–Y and Mg–Zn–Al base systems provides useful advantages in designing high performance wrought magnesium alloys. The strengthening in two-phase composites (I-phase + α-Mg) can be explained by dispersion hardening due to the presence of I-phase particles and by the strong bonding property at the I-phase/matrix interface. The presence of an additional secondary solidification phase can further enhance formability and mechanical properties. In Mg–Zn–Y alloys, the co-presence of I and Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases by addition of Ca can significantly enhance formability, while in Mg–Zn–Al alloys, the co-presence of the I-phase and Mg2Sn phase leads to the enhancement of mechanical properties. Dynamic and static recrystallization are significantly accelerated by addition of Ca in Mg–Zn–Y alloy, resulting in much smaller grain size and more random texture. The high strength of Mg–Zn–Al–Sn alloys is attributed to the presence of finely distributed Mg2Sn and I-phase particles embedded in the α-Mg matrix. PMID:27877660

EBSD characterization of twinning in cold-rolled CP-Ti

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, X., E-mail: csulixu@hotmail.com; Duan, Y.L., E-mail: 876270744@qq.com; Xu, G.F., E-mail: csuxgf66@csu.edu.cn

2013-10-15

This work presents the use of a mechanical testing system and the electron backscatter diffraction technique to study the mechanical properties and twinning systems of cold-rolled commercial purity titanium, respectively. The dependence of twinning on the matrix orientation is analyzed by the distribution map of Schmid factor. The results showed that the commercial purity titanium experienced strong strain hardening and had excellent formability during rolling. Both the (112{sup ¯}2)<112{sup ¯}3{sup ¯}> compressive twins and (101{sup ¯}2)<101{sup ¯}1{sup ¯}> tensile twins were dependent on the matrix orientation. The Schmid factor of a grain influenced the activation of a particular twinning system.more » The specific rolling deformation of commercial purity titanium controlled the number and species of twinning systems and further changed the mechanical properties. - Highlights: • CP-Ti experienced strain hardening and had excellent formability. • Twins were dependent on the matrix orientation. • Schmid factor of a grain influenced the activation of a twinning system. • Rolling deformation controlled twinning systems and mechanical properties.« less

Nanometric Scale Investigation of Phase Transformations in Advanced Steels for Automotive Application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drillet, Josée; Valle, Nathalie; Iung, Thierry

2012-12-01

The current trend toward producing lighter vehicles in the automotive industry is driven by the need to conform to the new exhaust emission control regulations. This objective presents a challenge to steel manufacturers. The difficulty lies in designing new alloys with an optimum strength/formability/cost balance for the various components. Here, the key to success lies in controlling the steel microstructure and especially the phase transformations at the smallest possible scale. Among the different alloying elements, light elements such as carbon and boron are of prime importance due to their major effects on the kinetics of phase transformations. Characterization tools combining high spatial and analytical resolution such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and field emission gun-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. In this article, the examples presented are as follows. (1) Boron segregation and precipitation effects to control hardenability in martensitic steels. (2) Local carbon distribution in advanced high-strength steels, with a specific emphasis on martensite tempering. Links have been established between the boron and carbon distribution and the formability.

Determination of Proper Austenitization Temperatures for Hot Stamping of AISI 4140 Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samadian, Pedram; Parsa, Mohammad Habibi; Shakeri, Amid

2014-04-01

High strength steels are desirable materials for use in automobile bodies in order to reduce vehicle weight and increase the safety of car passengers, but steel grades with high strength commonly show poor formability. Recently, steels with controlled microstructures and compositions are used to gain adequate strength after hot stamping while maintaining good formability during processing. In this study, microstructure evolutions and changes in mechanical properties of AISI 4140 steel sheets resulting from the hot stamping process at different austenitization temperatures were investigated. To determine the proper austenitization temperatures, the results were compared with those of the cold-worked and cold-worked plus quench-tempered specimens. Comparisons showed that the austenitization temperatures of 1000 and 1100 °C are proper for hot stamping of 3-mm-thick AISI 4140 steel sheets due to the resultant martensitic microstructure which led to the yield and ultimate tensile strength of 1.3 and 2.1 GPa, respectively. Such conditions resulted in more favorable simultaneous strength and elongation than those of hot-stamped conventional boron steels.

Experimental study on the warm forming and quenching behavior for hot stamping of high-strength aluminum alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Degner, J.; Horn, A.; Merklein, M.

2017-09-01

Within the last decades, stringent regulations on fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and product recyclability forced the automotive sector to implement new strategies within the field of car body manufacturing. Due to their low density and good corrosion resistance, aluminum became one of the most relevant lightweight materials. Recently, especially high- strength aluminum alloys for structural components gained importance. Since the low formability of these alloys limits their application, there is a need for novel process strategies in order to enhance the forming behavior. One promising approach is the hot stamping of aluminum alloys. The combination of quenching and forming in one step after solution heat treatment leads to a significant improvement of the formability. Furthermore, higher manufacturing accuracy can be achieved due to reduced spring back. Within this contribution, the influence of forming temperature on the subsequent material behavior and the heat transfer during quenching will be analyzed. Therefore, the mechanical and thermal material characteristics such as flow behavior and heat transfer coefficient during hot stamping are investigated.

Effect of Temperature and Dynamic Loading on the Mechanical Properties of Copper-Alloyed High-Strength Interstitial-Free Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rana, R.; Singh, S. B.; Bleck, W.; Mohanty, O. N.

2009-04-01

Crash resistance and formability relevant mechanical properties of a copper-alloyed interstitial-free (IF) steel processed under various conditions of batch annealing (BA), continuous annealing (CA), and postcontinuous annealing aging have been studied in a wide range of strain rate (3.33 × 10-4 to 200 s-1) and temperature (-100 °C to +20 °C). These properties have been compared with similarly processed traditional mild and high-strength IF steels. Assessment of various parameters such as strength, elongation, strain rate sensitivity of stress, strain-hardening capacity, temperature sensitivity of stress, activation volume, and specific energy absorption of all these steels implies that copper-alloyed IF steel is soft and formable in CA condition. It can be made stronger and more crash resistant than the conventional mild- or high-strength IF steels when aged to peak strength after CA. Room-temperature strain rate sensitivity of stress of the investigated steels exhibits a two-stage behavior. Copper in solution in ferrite causes solid solution softening at low temperatures (≤20 °C) and at high strain rates (200 s-1).

Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Formability of Materials in Hot Stamping and Cold Die Quenching Processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, N.; Mohamed, M. S.; Cai, J.; Lin, J.; Balint, D.; Dean, T. A.

2011-05-01

Formability of steel and aluminium alloys in hot stamping and cold die quenching processes is studied in this research. Viscoplastic-damage constitutive equations are developed and determined from experimental data for the prediction of viscoplastic flow and ductility of the materials. The determined unified constitutive equations are then implemented into the commercial Finite Element code Abaqus/Explicit via a user defined subroutine, VUMAT. An FE process simulation model and numerical procedures are established for the modeling of hot stamping processes for a spherical part with a central hole. Different failure modes (failure takes place either near the central hole or in the mid span of the part) are obtained. To validate the simulation results, a test programme is developed, a test die set has been designed and manufactured, and tests have been carried out for the materials with different forming rates. It has been found that very close agreements between experimental and numerical process simulation results are obtained for the ranges of temperatures and forming rates carried out.

Influence of temperature and friction on the 22MnB5 formability under hot stamping conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venturato, G.; Ghiotti, A.; Bruschi, S.

2018-05-01

The need to increase the safety and decrease the weight of the car body-in-white has determined the success of the direct hot stamping process as a primary technology for the automotive sector. Thanks to this process, parts with high strength-to-weight ratio can be obtained along with high stiffness and increase of the crashworthiness properties. Moreover, the thinner metal sheets used to manufacture the pieces lead to a decrease of the total weight of the car body-in-white, with a consequent reduction of the CO2 emissions. The direct hot stamping process is becoming the key to obtain pieces with high mechanical properties, thanks to the quenching stage that allows the manufacture of complex shapes characterized by a fully martensitic structure, thanks to the forming stage at elevated temperature and subsequent hardening inside the cooled dies. The aim of this paper is the investigation of the influence that the forming temperature may have on the formability of 22MnB5 steel sheets, commonly used in the hot stamping process of automotive components. Nakajima tests were carried out at different temperatures and the Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) at rupture were obtained and analysed. The temperature influenced both the major and the minor strain at which the sheet failed, indicating that not only the formability increased at increasing temperature, but there was also a modification of the strain path, which means a modification of the strain states through which the part passes during the deformation process. Moreover, the influence of friction is studied using a model developed in the LS-Dyna FEM environment. The obtained data are of great importance for an accurate calibration of Finite Element (FE) models of the hot stamping of real components in order to get optimal process parameters to obtain defects-free pieces.

Controlling microstructure and texture in magnesium alloy sheet by shear-based deformation processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sagapuram, Dinakar

Application of lightweight Mg sheet is limited by its low workability, both in production of sheet (typically by multistep hot and cold-rolling) and forming of sheet into components. Large strain extrusion machining (LSEM), a constrained chip formation process, is used to create Mg alloy AZ31B sheet in a single deformation step. The deformation in LSEM is shown to be intense simple shear that is confined to a narrow zone, which results in significant deformation-induced heating up to ~ 200°C and reduces the need for pre-heating to realize continuous sheet forms. This study focuses on the texture and microstructure development in the sheet processed by LSEM. Interestingly, deep, highly twinned steady-state layer develops in the workpiece subsurface due to the compressive field ahead of the shear zone. The shear deformation, in conjunction with this pre-deformed twinned layer, results in tilted-basal textures in the sheet with basal planes tilted well away from the surface. These textures are significantly different from those in rolled sheet, where basal planes are nearly parallel to the surface. By controlling the strain path, the basal plane inclination from the surface could be varied in the range of 32-53°. B-fiber (basal plane parallel to LSEM shear plane), associated with basal slip, is the major texture component in the sheet. An additional minor C2-fiber component appears above 250°C due to the thermal activation of pyramidal slip. Together with these textures, microstructure ranges from severely cold-worked to (dynamically) recrystallized type, with the corresponding grain sizes varying from ultrafine- (~ 200 nm) to fine- (2 mum) grained. Small-scale limiting dome height (LDH) confirmed enhanced formability (~ 50% increase in LDH) of LSEM sheet over the conventional rolled sheet. Premature, twinning-driven shear fractures are observed in the rolled sheet with the basal texture. In contrast, LSEM sheet with a tilted-basal texture favorably oriented for basal slip exhibits ductile tensile-type fracture. A two-fold increase in ductility is also observed for the LSEM sheet under uniaxial tensile testing without significant changes in the strength. Among texture and microstructure (grain size), texture is shown to be more critical for Mg sheet formability. However, in conjunction with a favorable texture, fine recrystallized microstructure provides for additional enhancement of strain-hardening capacity and formability. In-situ imaging of material flow during uniaxial tensile testing revealed new, interesting flow localization phenomena and fracture behavior. It is shown that the deformation behavior of Mg sheet is highly texture dependent, and also radically different from that of conventional ductile metals both in terms of necking and fracture. The implications of these observations for the LDH test results and formability of Mg sheet, in general, are briefly discussed.

77 FR 30512 - Native American Career and Technical Education Program; Final Waivers and Extension of Project...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-23

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Native American Career and Technical Education Program; Final Waivers and... American Career and Technical Education Program Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number: 84.101A. SUMMARY: For 60-month projects funded in fiscal year (FY) 2007 under the Native American Career...

48 CFR 1852.235-73 - Final Scientific and Technical Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Final Scientific and Technical Reports. 1852.235-73 Section 1852.235-73 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL..., including recommendations and conclusions based on the experience and results obtained. The final report...

Coosa River Storage Annex, Talladega, Alabama Environmental Investigation, Final Management and Resources Utilization Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-01

to adequately assess the health and environmental risks associated with the closure and transfer of the Annex forI other use; and 3) identification of...1990); Draft Final Technical Plan, Draft Final Sampling Design Plan and Draft Final Health and Safety Plan, USATHAMA, June 1990. 2.1.2 Draft Final...Final Technical Plan, Sampling Design Plan and Health and Safety Plan) supplied by USATHAMA. The estimate may be revised, with USATHAMA approval, as

Novel High Temperature and Radiation Resistant Infrared Glasses and Optical Fibers for Sensing in Advanced Small Modular Reactors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ballato, John

One binary and three series of ternary non-oxide pure sulfide glasses compositions were investigated with the goal of synthesizing new glasses that exhibit high glass transition (Tg) and crystallization (Tc) temperatures, infrared transparency, and reliable glass formability. The binary glass series consisted of Ges 2 and La 2S 3 and the three glass series in the x(nBaS + mLa2S3) + (1-2x)GeS2 ternary system have BaS:La2S3 modifier ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 with . With these glasses, new insights were realized as to how ionic glasses form and how glass modifiers affect both structure and glass formability. All synthesized compositionsmore » were characterized by Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies and differential thermal analysis (DTA) to better understand the fundamental structure, optical, and thermal characteristics of the glasses. After a range of these glasses were synthesized, optimal compositions were formed into glass disks and subjected to gamma irradiation. Glass disks were characterized both before and after irradiation by microscope imaging, measuring the refractive index, density, and UV-VIS-IR transmission spectra. The final total dose the samples were subjected to was ~2.5 MGy. Ternary samples showed a less than 0.4% change in density and refractive index and minimal change in transmission window. The glasses also resisted cracking as seen in microscope images. Overall, many glass compositions were developed that possess operating temperatures above 500 °C, where conventional chalcogenide glasses such as As2S3 and have T gs from ~200-300 °C, and these glasses have a greater than Tc – Tg values larger than 100 °C and this shows that these glasses have good thermal stability of Tg such that they can be fabricated into optical fibers and as such can be considered candidates for high temperature infrared fiber optics. Initial fiber fabrication efforts showed that selected glasses could be drawn but larger samples would be needed for further development and optimization« less

Method of forming low cost, formable High T(subc) superconducting wire

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smialek, James L. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A ceramic superconductivity part, such as a wire, is produced through the partial oxidation of a specially formulated copper alloy in a core. The alloys contains low level of quantities of rare earth and alkaline earth dopant elements. Upon oxidation at high temperatures, and superconducting oxide phases are formed as a thin film.

77 FR 50589 - Agreements and Memoranda of Understanding Between the Food and Drug Administration and Other...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-22

...: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule makes technical changes that will update a requirement that many of the written agreements and memoranda of understanding (MOUs) between the Food and Drug Administration.... This final rule, accordingly, eliminates it. We are making these technical changes to conserve Agency...

77 FR 30514 - Native Hawaiian Career and Technical Education Program; Final Waiver and Extension of Project Period

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-23

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Native Hawaiian Career and Technical Education Program; Final Waiver and.... ACTION: Notice. Overview Information Final Waiver and Extension of Project Period for the Native Hawaiian.... SUMMARY: For 36-month projects funded in fiscal year (FY) 2009 under the Native Hawaiian Career and...

Using Interactive Sketch Interpretation to Design Solid Objects

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-04

chair ........ .............................. 20 2.2.2 An exercise in geometry ................................. 22 3 Generating topologies from line...design on a solid modeler fall into four broad categories: direct generation, conistructive solid geometry (CSG), profile manipulation and de- formable...Constructive Solid Geometry to find the intersection of three correctly oriented rectangular slabs [3] (it is also possible to use four CSG "cuts" to

Fracture Toughness to Understand Stretch-Flangeability and Edge Cracking Resistance in AHSS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casellas, Daniel; Lara, Antoni; Frómeta, David; Gutiérrez, David; Molas, Sílvia; Pérez, Lluís; Rehrl, Johannes; Suppan, Clemens

2017-01-01

The edge fracture is considered as a high risk for automotive parts, especially for parts made of advanced high strength steels (AHSS). The limited ductility of AHSS makes them more sensitive to the edge damage. The traditional approaches, such as those based on ductility measurements or forming limit diagrams, are unable to predict this type of fractures. Thus, stretch-flangeability has become an important formability parameter in addition to tensile and formability properties. The damage induced in sheared edges in AHSS parts affects stretch-flangeability, because the generated microcracks propagate from the edge. Accordingly, a fracture mechanics approach may be followed to characterize the crack propagation resistance. With this aim, this work addresses the applicability of fracture toughness as a tool to understand crack-related problems, as stretch-flangeability and edge cracking, in different AHSS grades. Fracture toughness was determined by following the essential work of fracture methodology and stretch-flangeability was characterized by means of hole expansions tests. Results show a good correlation between stretch-flangeability and fracture toughness. It allows postulating fracture toughness, measured by the essential work of fracture methodology, as a key material property to rationalize crack propagation phenomena in AHSS.

Multi objective Taguchi optimization approach for resistance spot welding of cold rolled TWIP steel sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tutar, Mumin; Aydin, Hakan; Bayram, Ali

2017-08-01

Formability and energy absorption capability of a steel sheet are highly desirable properties in manufacturing components for automotive applications. TWinning Induced Plastisity (TWIP) steels are, new generation high Mn alloyed steels, attractive for the automotive industry due to its outstanding elongation (%40-45) and tensile strength (~1000MPa). So, TWIP steels provide excellent formability and energy absorption capability. Another required property from the steel sheets is suitability for manufacturing methods such as welding. The use of the steel sheets in the automotive applications inevitably involves welding. Considering that there are 3000-5000 welded spots on a vehicle, it can be interpreted that one of the most important manufacturing method is Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) for the automotive industry. In this study; firstly, TWIP steel sheet were cold rolled to 15% reduction in thickness. Then, the cold rolled TWIP steel sheets were welded with RSW method. The welding parameters (welding current, welding time and electrode force) were optimized for maximizing the peak tensile shear load and minimizing the indentation of the joints using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The effect of welding parameters was also evaluated by examining the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) results.

Computational studies of the glass-forming ability of model bulk metallic glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Kai; Wang, Minglei; Papanikolaou, Stefanos; Liu, Yanhui; Schroers, Jan; Shattuck, Mark D.; O'Hern, Corey S.

2013-09-01

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are produced by rapidly thermally quenching supercooled liquid metal alloys below the glass transition temperature at rates much faster than the critical cooling rate Rc below which crystallization occurs. The glass-forming ability of BMGs increases with decreasing Rc, and thus good glass-formers possess small values of Rc. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of binary Lennard-Jones (LJ) mixtures to quantify how key parameters, such as the stoichiometry, particle size difference, attraction strength, and heat of mixing, influence the glass-formability of model BMGs. For binary LJ mixtures, we find that the best glass-forming mixtures possess atomic size ratios (small to large) less than 0.92 and stoichiometries near 50:50 by number. In addition, weaker attractive interactions between the smaller atoms facilitate glass formation, whereas negative heats of mixing (in the experimentally relevant regime) do not change Rc significantly. These results are tempered by the fact that the slowest cooling rates achieved in our simulations correspond to ˜1011 K/s, which is several orders of magnitude higher than Rc for typical BMGs. Despite this, our studies represent a first step in the development of computational methods for quantitatively predicting glass-formability.

Characterization and Formability of Titanium/Aluminum Laminate Composites Fabricated by Hot Pressing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Liang; Wang, Hui; Cui, Shengqiang; Wu, Qian; Fan, Minyu; Yang, Zonghui; Tao, Jie

2017-07-01

The Ti/Al laminate composites were prepared by hot pressing to investigate the forming performance due to the corresponding potential applications in both the aerospace and auto industry. The bonding interface morphology and element distributions were characterized by SEM and EDS. The phase constituent was detected by XRD. It was observed that these composites presented good bonding interfaces between Ti and Al layers, and no low-sized voids and intermetallic compounds formed at the interface. In addition, the formability of these laminate composites was studied by the uniaxial tension tests, the limit drawing ratio (LDR) and the forming limit curve (FLC) experiments, respectively. The results indicated that the flow stress increased along with the strain rate increment. A constitutive equation was developed for deformation behavioral description of these laminate composites. The LDR value was 1.8, and the most susceptible region to present cracks was located at the punch profile radius. The forming limit curve of the laminate composites was located between the curves of titanium and aluminum and intersected with the major strain line at approximately 0.31. The macroscopic cracks of the FLC sample demonstrated a saw-toothed crack feature.

Performance evaluation of bipolar and tripolar excitations during nozzle-jetting-based alginate microsphere fabrication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herran, C. Leigh; Huang, Yong; Chai, Wenxuan

2012-08-01

Microspheres, small spherical (polymeric) particles with or without second phase materials embedded or encapsulated, are important for many biomedical applications such as drug delivery and organ printing. Scale-up fabrication with the ability to precisely control the microsphere size and morphology has always been of great manufacturing interest. The objective of this work is to experimentally study the performance differences of bipolar and tripolar excitation waveforms in using drop-on-demand (DOD)-based single nozzle jetting for alginate microsphere fabrication. The fabrication performance has been evaluated based on the formability of alginate microspheres as a function of materials properties (sodium alginate and calcium chloride concentrations) and operating conditions. The operating conditions for each excitation include voltage rise/fall times, dwell times and excitation voltage amplitudes. Overall, the bipolar excitation is more robust in making spherical, monodispersed alginate microspheres as good microspheres for its wide working range of material properties and operating conditions, especially during the fabrication of highly viscous materials such as the 2% sodium alginate solution. For both bipolar and tripolar excitations, the sodium alginate concentration and the voltage dwell times should be carefully selected to achieve good microsphere formability.

Forming of AHSS using Servo-Presses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groseclose, Adam Richard

Stamping of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) alloys poses several challenges due to the material's higher strength and low formability compared to conventional steels and other problems such as (a) inconsistency of incoming material properties, (b) ductile fracture during forming, (c) higher contact pressure and temperature rise during forming, (d) higher die wear leading to reduced tool life, (e) higher forming load/press capacity, and (f) large springback leading to dimensional inaccuracy in the formed part. [Palaniswamy et. al., 2007]. The use of AHSS has been increasing steadily in automotive stamping. New AHSS alloys (TRIP, TWIP) may replace some of the Hot Stamping applications. Stamping of AHSS alloys, especially higher strength materials, 780 MPa and higher, present new challenges in obtaining good part definition (corner and fillet radii), formability (fracture and resulting scrap) and in reducing springback. Servo-drive presses, having the capability to have infinitely variable and adjustable ram speed and dwell at BDC, offer a potential improvement in quality, part definition, and springback reduction especially when the infinitely adjustable slide motion is used in combination with a CNC hydraulic cushion. Thus, it is desirable to establish a scientific/engineering basis for improving the stamping conditions in forming AHSS using a servo-drive press.

Effect of Material Thermo-viscoplastic Modeling on the Prediction of Forming Limit Curves of Aluminum Alloy 5086

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Xingrong; Leotoing, Lionel; Guines, Dominique; Ragneau, Eric

2015-09-01

A solution to improve the formability of aluminum alloy sheets can consist in investigating warm forming processes. The optimization of forming process parameters needs a precise evaluation of material properties and sheet metal formability for actual operating environment. Based on the analytical M-K theory, a finite element (FE) M-K model was proposed to predict forming limit curves (FLCs) at different temperatures and strain rates. The influences of initial imperfection value ( f 0) and material thermos-viscoplastic model on the FLCs are discussed in this work. The flow stresses of AA5086 were characterized by uniaxial tensile tests at different temperatures (20, 150, and 200 °C) and equivalent strain rates (0.0125, 0.125, and 1.25 s-1). Three types of hardening models (power law model, saturation model, and mixed model) were proposed and adapted to correlate the experimental flow stresses. The three hardening models were implemented into the FE M-K model in order to predict FLCs for different forming conditions. The predicted limit strains are very sensitive to the thermo-viscoplastic modeling of AA5086 and to the calibration of the initial geometrical imperfection which controls the onset of necking.

Effect of Anisotropic Yield Function Evolution on Estimation of Forming Limit Diagram

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bandyopadhyay, K.; Basak, S.; Choi, H. J.; Panda, S. K.; Lee, M. G.

2017-09-01

In case of theoretical prediction of the FLD, the variations in yield stress and R-values along different material directions, were long been implemented to enhance the accuracy. Although influences of different yield models and hardening laws on formability were well addressed, anisotropic evolution of yield loci under monotonic loading with different deformation modes is yet to be explored. In the present study, Marciniak-Kuckzinsky (M-K) model was modified to incorporate the change in the shape of the initial yield function with evolution due to anisotropic hardening. Swift’s hardening law along with two different anisotropic yield criteria, namely Hill48 and Yld2000-2d were implemented in the model. The Hill48 yield model was applied with non-associated flow rule to comprehend the effect of variations in both yield stress and R-values. The numerically estimated FLDs were validated after comparing with FLD evaluated through experiments. A low carbon steel was selected, and hemispherical punch stretching test was performed for FLD evaluation. Additionally, the numerically estimated FLDs were incorporated in FE simulations to predict limiting dome heights for validation purpose. Other formability performances like strain distributions over the deformed cup surface were validated with experimental results.

2005 v4.3 Technical Support Document

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Emissions Modeling for the Final Mercury and Air Toxics Standards Technical Support Document describes how updated 2005 NEI, version 2 emissions were processed for air quality modeling in support of the final Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS).

Forming limit prediction by an evolving non-quadratic yield criterion considering the anisotropic hardening and r-value evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lian, Junhe; Shen, Fuhui; Liu, Wenqi; Münstermann, Sebastian

2018-05-01

The constitutive model development has been driven to a very accurate and fine-resolution description of the material behaviour responding to various environmental variable changes. The evolving features of the anisotropic behaviour during deformation, therefore, has drawn particular attention due to its possible impacts on the sheet metal forming industry. An evolving non-associated Hill48 (enHill48) model was recently proposed and applied to the forming limit prediction by coupling with the modified maximum force criterion. On the one hand, the study showed the significance to include the anisotropic evolution for accurate forming limit prediction. On the other hand, it also illustrated that the enHill48 model introduced an instability region that suddenly decreases the formability. Therefore, in this study, an alternative model that is based on the associated flow rule and provides similar anisotropic predictive capability is extended to chapter the evolving effects and further applied to the forming limit prediction. The final results are compared with experimental data as well as the results by enHill48 model.

Anisotropy influence on the failure of Ti6Al4V sheets deformed at room and elevated temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Q. L.; Ghiotti, A.; Bruschi, S.

2018-05-01

Ti6Al4V sheets are usually difficult-to-form at room temperature as a consequence of their strong basal texture and hcp crystal lattice. The heating of the alloy below the beta transus temperature is recognized to enhance its formability, reducing the flow stress and increasing the ductility. However, the influence of the sheet anisotropy on the material failure hasn't been studied yet. To this aim, the paper presents the anisotropy influence on the failure characteristics of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy sheets making use of tensile tests carried out at room temperature and 600°C on smooth, notched and shear samples in order to have various stress states. The fracture strain is measured and the effect of the sample orientation and stress state is identified. To determine the actual stress state for each sample geometry, a numerical model is set up and calibrated using elasto-plastic data from uni-axial tensile tests on smooth samples. Finally, the fracture surfaces are observed through SEM analysis to explain the failure characteristics.

The Center for Space Telemetering and Telecommunications Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horan, S.; DeLeon, P.; Borah, D.; Lyman, R.

2003-01-01

This report comprises the final technical report for the research grant 'Center for Space Telemetering and Telecommunications Systems' sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center. The grant activities are broken down into the following technology areas: (1) Space Protocol Testing; (2) Autonomous Reconfiguration of Ground Station Receivers; (3) Satellite Cluster Communications; and (4) Bandwidth Efficient Modulation. The grant activity produced a number of technical reports and papers that were communicated to NASA as they were generated. This final report contains the final summary papers or final technical report conclusions for each of the project areas. Additionally, the grant supported students who made progress towards their degrees while working on the research.

Niobium superconducting rf cavity fabrication by electrohydraulic forming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cantergiani, E.; Atieh, S.; Léaux, F.; Perez Fontenla, A. T.; Prunet, S.; Dufay-Chanat, L.; Koettig, T.; Bertinelli, F.; Capatina, O.; Favre, G.; Gerigk, F.; Jeanson, A. C.; Fuzeau, J.; Avrillaud, G.; Alleman, D.; Bonafe, J.; Marty, P.

2016-11-01

Superconducting rf (SRF) cavities are traditionally fabricated from superconducting material sheets or made of copper coated with superconducting material, followed by trim machining and electron-beam welding. An alternative technique to traditional shaping methods, such as deep-drawing and spinning, is electrohydraulic forming (EHF). In EHF, half-cells are obtained through ultrahigh-speed deformation of blank sheets, using shockwaves induced in water by a pulsed electrical discharge. With respect to traditional methods, such a highly dynamic process can yield interesting results in terms of effectiveness, repeatability, final shape precision, higher formability, and reduced springback. In this paper, the first results of EHF on high purity niobium are presented and discussed. The simulations performed in order to master the multiphysics phenomena of EHF and to adjust its process parameters are presented. The microstructures of niobium half-cells produced by EHF and by spinning have been compared in terms of damage created in the material during the forming operation. The damage was assessed through hardness measurements, residual resistivity ratio (RRR) measurements, and electron backscattered diffraction analyses. It was found that EHF does not worsen the damage of the material during forming and instead, some areas of the half-cell have shown lower damage compared to spinning. Moreover, EHF is particularly advantageous to reduce the forming time, preserve roughness, and to meet the final required shape accuracy.

Promotion of the Equal Access of Girls and Women to Technical and Vocational Education. Studies on Technical and Vocational Education 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).

This monograph includes the final report of the International Expert Meeting on the Promotion of Equal Access of Girls and Women to Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) held in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and country discussion papers. The final report is composed of an introduction that proposes that many Member States require special measures…

Air Quality Modeling Technical Support Document for the Final Cross State Air Pollution Rule Update

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

In this technical support document (TSD) we describe the air quality modeling performed to support the final Cross State Air Pollution Rule for the 2008 ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

7 CFR 614.7 - Preliminary technical determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Preliminary technical determinations. 614.7 Section... Preliminary technical determinations. (a) A preliminary technical determination becomes final 30 days after... purpose of gathering additional information and discussing the facts relating to the preliminary technical...

Programs of Study as a State Policy Mandate: A Longitudinal Study of the South Carolina Personal Pathways to Success Initiative. Final Technical Report: Major Findings and Implications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammond, Cathy; Drew, Sam F.; Withington, Cairen; Griffith, Cathy; Swiger, Caroline M.; Mobley, Catherine; Sharp, Julia L.; Stringfield, Samuel C.; Stipanovic, Natalie; Daugherty, Lindsay

2013-01-01

This is the final technical report from the National Research Center for Career and Technical Education's (NRCCTE's) five-year longitudinal study of South Carolina's Personal Pathway to Success initiative, which was authorized by the state's Education and Economic Development Act (EEDA) in 2005. NRCCTE-affiliated researchers at the National…

Direct Final Rule: Nonroad Diesel Technical Amendments and Tier 3 Technical Relief Provision

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Rule making certain technical corrections to the rules establishing emission standards for nonroad diesel engines and amending those rules to provide manufacturers with a production technical relief provision for Tier 3 equipment.

Effect of geometrical parameters on pressure distributions of impulse manufacturing technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brune, Ryan Carl

Impulse manufacturing techniques constitute a growing field of methods that utilize high-intensity pressure events to conduct useful mechanical operations. As interest in applying this technology continues to grow, greater understanding must be achieved with respect to output pressure events in both magnitude and distribution. In order to address this need, a novel pressure measurement has been developed called the Profile Indentation Pressure Evaluation (PIPE) method that systematically analyzes indentation patterns created with impulse events. Correlation with quasi-static test data and use of software-assisted analysis techniques allows for colorized pressure maps to be generated for both electromagnetic and vaporizing foil actuator (VFA) impulse forming events. Development of this technique aided introduction of a design method for electromagnetic path actuator systems, where key geometrical variables are considered using a newly developed analysis method, which is called the Path Actuator Proximal Array (PAPA) pressure model. This model considers key current distribution and proximity effects and interprets generated pressure by considering the adjacent conductor surfaces as proximal arrays of individual conductors. According to PIPE output pressure analysis, the PAPA model provides a reliable prediction of generated pressure for path actuator systems as local geometry is changed. Associated mechanical calculations allow for pressure requirements to be calculated for shearing, flanging, and hemming operations, providing a design process for such cases. Additionally, geometry effect is investigated through a formability enhancement study using VFA metalworking techniques. A conical die assembly is utilized with both VFA high velocity and traditional quasi-static test methods on varied Hasek-type sample geometries to elicit strain states consistent with different locations on a forming limit diagram. Digital image correlation techniques are utilized to measure major and minor strains for each sample type to compare limit strain results. Overall testing indicated decreased formability at high velocity for 304 DDQ stainless steel and increased formability at high velocity for 3003-H14 aluminum. Microstructural and fractographic analysis helped dissect and analyze the observed differences in these cases. Overall, these studies comprehensively explore the effects of geometrical parameters on magnitude and distribution of impulse manufacturing generated pressure, establishing key guidelines and models for continued development and implementation in commercial applications.

Arizona Deafblind Project, 1995-1999. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona State School for the Deaf and Blind, Tucson.

This final report describes accomplishments of the four-year federally funded Arizona Deafblind Project which attempted to: (1) identify all deafblind children in Arizona; (2) deliver technical assistance to families; (3) deliver technical assistance to service providers; and (4) enhance community oversight, coordination, and collaboration with…

Joint Common Architecture Demonstration (JCA Demo) Final Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-28

approach for implementing open systems [16], formerly known as the Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA). OSA is a business and technical strategy to... TECHNICAL REPORT RDMR-AD-16-01 JOINT COMMON ARCHITECTURE DEMONSTRATION (JCA DEMO) FINAL REPORT Scott A. Wigginton... Modular Avionics .......................................................................... 5 E. Model-Based Engineering

76 FR 80226 - Technical Amendments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

... final rule, effective upon publication. Generally, the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) requires a.... Additionally, the APA requires that a final rule must have a delayed effective date of 30 days from the date of... delayed effective date requirement under the APA. 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3). Again the technical change conforms...

"Type Ia Supernovae: Tools for Studying Dark Energy" Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woosley, Stan; Kasen, Dan

2017-05-10

Final technical report for project "Type Ia Supernovae: Tools for the Study of Dark Energy" awarded jointly to scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz and Berkeley, for computer modeling, theory and data analysis relevant to the use of Type Ia supernovae as standard candles for cosmology.

76 FR 50202 - National Technical Assistance and Dissemination Center for Children Who Are Deaf-Blind; Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION [CFDA No. 84.326T] National Technical Assistance and Dissemination Center for Children Who Are Deaf-Blind; Final Extension of Project Period and Waiver AGENCY: Office of Special Education Programs, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Department of...

TADS Final Evaluation Report, 1980-81. Appendix S.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suarez, Tanya M.; And Others

The document contains the final report of the Technical Assistance Development System (TADS), a program which provided technical assistance (TA) services to 53 Handicapped Children's Early Education Program (HCEEP) demonstration projects and 13 State Implementation Grants (SIGs). The evaluation report is divided into five sections. Section 1…

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Japan, High Temperature Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-09

3 This restriction is heavy. The inconvenience that the material powder of the imido thermal composition method, for example, which shows the best...procedures, system composition , features of formability, and forming characteristic of forming samples using alumina material will be made. 2...Osmotic V Process Forming System 2.1 System Composition of Process A system block diagram of the process is shown in Figure 1. The V process forming system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Cindy Xiaohui; Lim, Chao Voon; Castagne, Sylvie

Titanium and its alloys have a wide range of applications in various industries such as aerospace, medical, automotive and even commercial products. However, formability of titanium alloys has always been an issue. This study presents the results of an investigation on the workability and response of Ti-6Al-4V deformed at different strain rates and lower elevated temperatures with different initial microstructures. Compression tests of cylindrical specimens were performed at various temperatures (300 deg. C, 400 deg. C, 450 deg. C, 500 deg. C) and at different strain rates (0.001 s{sup -1}, 0.02 s{sup -1} and 0.1 s{sup -1}). The effects ofmore » strain rate, temperature and initial microstructure on the workability of the Ti alloy were investigated. Based on these experimental results, workability maps for the respective initial microstructures were developed. Results showed that temperature played an important role in the formability of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys unlike strain rate. In addition, feasibility study on Multi-Directional Forging (MDF) was performed and positive results were obtained. It was demonstrated that Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys can undergo severe plastic deformation at lower elevated temperature (400-500 deg. C) and at a higher strain rate of 0.1 s{sup -1}.« less

Experiments and FE-simulations of stretch flanging of DP-steels with different shear cut edge quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sigvant, M.; Falk, J.; Pilthammar, J.

2017-09-01

Dual-Phase (DP) steels are today used in the automotive industry due to its large strength to weight ratio. However, the high strength of DP-steel does have a negative impact on the general formability in sheet metal forming. Unfavourable process conditions in the press shop will, on top of this, reduce the formability of DP-steels even more. This paper addresses the problem of edge fracture in stretch flanges in sheet metal parts made of DP-steel. The experimental part involves tests of ten different DP590 and DP780 steel grades with three different shear cut qualities. The influence on the fracture strain of the sample orientation of the shear cut are also studied by facing the burr away or towards the punch and testing samples with the cut edge parallel with the rolling direction and the transverse direction. The strains are measured with an ARAMIS system in each test, together with punch displacement and punch force. All tests are then simulated with AutoFormplus R7 and the results from these simulations are compared with the experimental results in order to find the appropriate failure strain for each combination of supplier, coating, thickness and shear cut quality.

Effect of Process Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Galvanized Sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shukla, S. K.; Saha, B. B.; Triathi, B. D.; Avtar, Ram

2010-07-01

The effect of galvanizing parameters on the structure (spangle size and coating microstructure) and properties (formability and corrosion resistance) of galvanized sheets was studied in a hot dip process simulator (HDPS) in a conventional Pb bearing (0.08-0.10%) zinc bath by varying zinc bath Al level (0.10-0.28%), bath temperature (718-743 K), dipping time (1.5-3.5 s), wiping gas flow rate (200-450 lpm), nozzle distance (15-17 mm) and wiping delay time (0.1-2.1 s). Al level in the range of 0.18-0.24% in combination with dipping time of 1.5-2.5 s and bath temperature of 718-733 K results in superior formability ( E cv: ~9.3 mm) of the composite (thickness: 0.8 mm). High post-dip cooling rates (~25 K/s) suppress spangle growth (spangle size: ~2 mm). The spangle size of the GI sheet strongly influences the corrosion rate which increases from 5.8 to 9.2 mpy with a decrease in spangle size from 17.5 to 3 mm. By controlling the Al level (0.20%) in zinc bath and bath temperature (733 K), the corrosion rate of mini-spangle GI sheet can be controlled to a level of 5.5 mpy.

Effect of severe plastic deformation on microstructure of squeeze-cast magnesium alloy AZ31 plate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fong, Kai Soon; Tan, Ming Jen; Atsushi, Danno; Chua, Beng Wah; Ho, Meng Kwong

2016-10-01

High cost and poor room temperature formability of magnesium alloy sheet are the key factors that limit its application as a feedstock material for press forming. Production of Mg plates by squeeze casting with further processing by severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a potential method to reduce cost and improve formability. In this study, AZ31 Mg plate of dimension 96×96×4 mm was successfully produced by squeeze casting, using a novel melt transfer technique, at a forging force and speed of 180 Ton and 200 mm/sec respectively. The effect of severe plastic deformation (SPD) using groove pressing on the mechanical properties of squeeze-casted Mg plate after partial homogenization was subsequently investigated. Observation of the microstructure after two cycles of groove pressing, under decreasing temperature from 543K to 493K, shows a significant grain refinement from 39 to 4.7 µm. The Vickers hardness increased by approximately 25% from 56 to 74.1 which suggests an improvement in mechanical strength as a result of both the grain refinement and work hardening. The result shows that squeeze casting combined with groove pressing is potentially an effective method for preparation of thin magnesium alloy plate with fine-grained structure and improved mechanical properties.

Flow behaviour of magnesium alloy AZ31B processed by equal-channel angular pressing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arun, M. S.; Chakkingal, U.

2014-08-01

Magnesium alloys are characterised by their low density, high specific strength and stiffness. But, the potential application of Mg is limited by its low room-temperature ductility & formability. Formability can be improved by developing an ultrafine grained (UFG) structure. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a well known process that can be used to develop an ultrafine grained microstructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the flow behaviour of AZ31B magnesium alloy after ECAP. The specimen was subjected to three passes of ECAP with a die angle of 120° using processing route Bc. The processing temperature was 523 K for the first pass and 423 K for the subsequent two passes. The microstructure characterisation was done. Compression tests of ECAPed and annealed specimens were carried out at strain rates of 0.01 - 1s-1 and deformation temperatures of 200 - 300°C using computer servo-controlled Gleeble-3800 system. The value of activation energy Q and the empirical materials constants of A and n were determined. The equations relating flow stress and Zener-Hollomon parameter were proposed. In the case annealed AZ31, the activation energy was determined to be 154 kJ/mol, which was slightly higher than the activation energy of 144 kJ/mol for ECAPed AZ31.

Novel twin-roll-cast Ti/Al clad sheets with excellent tensile properties.

PubMed

Kim, Dae Woong; Lee, Dong Ho; Kim, Jung-Su; Sohn, Seok Su; Kim, Hyoung Seop; Lee, Sunghak

2017-08-14

Pure Ti or Ti alloys are recently spot-lighted in construction industries because they have excellent resistance to corrosions, chemicals, and climates as well as various coloring characteristics, but their wide applications are postponed by their expensiveness and poor formability. We present a new fabrication process of Ti/Al clad sheets by bonding a thin Ti sheet on to a 5052 Al alloy melt during vertical-twin-roll casting. This process has merits of reduced production costs as well as improved tensile properties. In the as-twin-roll-cast clad sheet, the homogeneously cast microstructure existed in the Al alloy substrate side, while the Ti/Al interface did not contain any reaction products, pores, cracks, or lateral delamination, which indicated the successful twin-roll casting. When this sheet was annealed at 350 °C~600 °C, the metallurgical bonding was expanded by interfacial diffusion, thereby leading to improvement in tensile properties over those calculated by a rule of mixtures. The ductility was also improved over that of 5052-O Al alloy (25%) or pure Ti (25%) by synergic effect of homogeneous deformation due to excellent Ti/Al bonding. This work provides new applications of Ti/Al clad sheets to lightweight-alloy clad sheets requiring excellent formability and corrosion resistance as well as alloy cost saving.

Developing an experimental case in aluminium foils 1100 to determine the maximum angle of formability in a piece by Dieless-SPIF process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gabriel, Paramo; Adrian, Benitez

2014-07-01

Incremental sheet forming by the method of single point incremental forming Dieless-SPIF, is a widely studied process, experimented and developed in countries with high manufacturing technologies, with friendly costs when the productive configuration in a productivity system is based in small production batches. United states, United kingdom and France lead this type of studies and cases, developing various proof with experimental geometries, different from the national environment such as Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru where this process where discretely studied. Previously mentioned, it pretends develop an experimental case of a particular geometry, identifying the maximum formability angle of material permissible for the forming of a piece in one pass, the analysis of forming limit curve (FLC), with the objective to emphasizes in this innovative method based in CAD-CAM technologies, compare with other analogous process of deformation sheet metal like embossing, take correct decisions about the viability and applicability of this process (Dieless) in a particular industrial piece, which responses to the necessities of productive configurations mentioned and be highly taken like a manufacturing alternative to the other conventional process of forming sheet metal like embossing, for systems with slow batches production.

Novel Approach for Prediction of Localized Necking in Case of Nonlinear Strain Paths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drotleff, K.; Liewald, M.

2017-09-01

Rising customer expectations regarding design complexity and weight reduction of sheet metal components alongside with further reduced time to market implicate increased demand for process validation using numerical forming simulation. Formability prediction though often is still based on the forming limit diagram first presented in the 1960s. Despite many drawbacks in case of nonlinear strain paths and major advances in research in the recent years, the forming limit curve (FLC) is still one of the most commonly used criteria for assessing formability of sheet metal materials. Especially when forming complex part geometries nonlinear strain paths may occur, which cannot be predicted using the conventional FLC-Concept. In this paper a novel approach for calculation of FLCs for nonlinear strain paths is presented. Combining an interesting approach for prediction of FLC using tensile test data and IFU-FLC-Criterion a model for prediction of localized necking for nonlinear strain paths can be derived. Presented model is purely based on experimental tensile test data making it easy to calibrate for any given material. Resulting prediction of localized necking is validated using an experimental deep drawing specimen made of AA6014 material having a sheet thickness of 1.04 mm. The results are compared to IFU-FLC-Criterion based on data of pre-stretched Nakajima specimen.

Single Point Incremental Forming to increase material knowledge and production flexibility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Habraken, A. M.

2016-08-01

Nowadays, manufactured pieces can be divided into two groups: mass production and production of low volume number of parts. Within the second group (prototyping or small batch production), an emerging solution relies on Incremental Sheet Forming or ISF. ISF refers to processes where the plastic deformation occurs by repeated contact with a relatively small tool. More specifically, many publications over the past decade investigate Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) where the final shape is determined only by the tool movement. This manufacturing process is characterized by the forming of sheets by means of a CNC controlled generic tool stylus, with the sheets clamped by means of a non-workpiece-specific clamping system and in absence of a partial or a full die. The advantage is no tooling requirements and often enhanced formability, however it poses a challenge in term of process control and accuracy assurance. Note that the most commonly used materials in incremental forming are aluminum and steel alloys however other alloys are also used especially for medical industry applications, such as cobalt and chromium alloys, stainless steel and titanium alloys. Some scientists have applied incremental forming on PVC plates and other on sandwich panels composed of propylene with mild steel and aluminum metallic foams with aluminum sheet metal. Micro incremental forming of thin foils has also been developed. Starting from the scattering of the results of Finite Element (FE) simulations, when one tries to predict the tool force (see SPIF benchmark of 2014 Numisheet conference), we will see how SPIF and even micro SPIF (process applied on thin metallic sheet with a few grains within the thickness) allow investigating the material behavior. This lecture will focus on the identification of constitutive laws, on the SPIF forming mechanisms and formability as well as the failure mechanism. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain SPIF formability, they will be listed however the lecture will be more focused on the use of SPIF to identify material parameters of well-chosen constitutive law. Results of FE simulations with damage models will be investigated to better understand the relation between the particular stress and strain states in the material during SPIF and the material degradation leading to localization or fracture. Last but not least, as industrial world does not wait that academic scientists provide a deep and total understanding on how it works, to use interesting processes, the lecture will review some applications. Examples in fields as different as automotive guard, engine heat shield, gas turbine, electronic sensor, shower basin, medical component (patient-fitted organic shapes) and architecture demonstrate that the integration of SPIF within the industry is more and more a reality. Note that this plenary lecture is the result of the research performed by the author in the University of Liege (Belgium) and in Aveiro (Portugal) with the team of R. de Souza during PhD theses of C. Henrard, J. Sena and C. Guzman and different research projects. It is also a synthesis of the knowledge gathered during her interactions with many research teams such as the ones of J.R. Duflou from KU Leuven in Belgium, J. Cao from Northwestern University in USA, M. Bambach in BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg in Germany, J. Jeswiet from Queen's University, Kingston, Canada who are currently working together on a state-of-the-art paper. The micro SPIF knowledge relies on contacts with S. Thibaud from the University of Franche Comte.

Thermo-mechanical simulation of liquid-supported stretch blow molding

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zimmer, J.; Stommel, M.

2015-05-22

Stretch blow molding is the well-established plastics forming method to produce Polyehtylene therephtalate (PET) bottles. An injection molded preform is heated up above the PET glass transition temperature (Tg∼85°C) and subsequently inflated by pressurized air into a closed cavity. In the follow-up filling process, the resulting bottle is filled with the final product. A recently developed modification of the process combines the blowing and filling stages by directly using the final liquid product to inflate the preform. In a previously published paper, a mechanical simulation and successful evaluation of this liquid-driven stretch blow molding process was presented. In this way,more » a realistic process parameter dependent simulation of the preform deformation throughout the forming process was enabled, whereas the preform temperature evolution during forming was neglected. However, the formability of the preform is highly reduced when the temperature sinks below Tg during forming. Experimental investigations show temperature-induced failure cases due to the fast heat transfer between hot preform and cold liquid. Therefore, in this paper, a process dependent simulation of the temperature evolution during processing to avoid preform failure is presented. For this purpose, the previously developed mechanical model is used to extract the time dependent thickness evolution. This information serves as input for the heat transfer simulation. The required material parameters are calibrated from preform cooling experiments recorded with an infrared-camera. Furthermore, the high deformation ratios during processing lead to strain induced crystallization. This exothermal reaction is included into the simulation by extracting data from preform measurements at different stages of deformation via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Finally, the thermal simulation model is evaluated by free forming experiments, recorded by a high-speed infrared camera.« less

78 FR 57264 - Final Waiver and Extension of the Project Period for the Technical Assistance Coordination Center

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

...: 84.326Z.] Final Waiver and Extension of the Project Period for the Technical Assistance Coordination... project period. SUMMARY: The Secretary waives the requirements in the Education Department General Administrative Regulations that generally prohibit project periods exceeding five years and extensions of project...

77 FR 16923 - Agreements and Memoranda of Understanding Between the Food and Drug Administration and Other...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-23

...: Direct final rule. SUMMARY: This direct final rule makes technical changes that will update a requirement that many of our written agreements and memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with other departments..., accordingly, eliminates it. We are making these technical changes to conserve Agency time and resources...

1988 Underground Storage Tanks; Technical Requirements; Final Rule and Underground Storage Tanks Containing Petroleum-Financial Responsibility Requirements and State Program Approval Objective; Final Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA's 1988 regulations concerning USTs are contained in 40 CFR Part 280, 40 CFR Part 281 and 40 CFR Parts 282.50-282.105 and divided into three sections: technical requirements, financial responsibility requirements, and state program approval objectives.

PITTSBURGH TECHNICAL HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT. FINAL REPORT, VOLUME II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

KISHKUNAS, LOUIS J.

APPENDIXES TO THE "FINAL REPORT," VOLUME I (VT 005 511), ARE INCLUDED--(1) A SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, (2) TECHNICAL BEHAVIOR CHECKLISTS, (3) PERFORMANCE INVENTORY FORMS USED IN ON-THE-JOB OBSERVATIONS, (4) REPORT FORM FOR TYPICAL JOB BEHAVIOR OF EMPLOYEE, (5) COOPERATING AREA HEALTH INSTITUTIONS, (6) TABLES OF Z SCORES…

Invention and Writing in Technical Work: Representing the Object.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winsor, Dorothy A.

1994-01-01

Describes the way invention is relevant to the practice of technical writing. Studies three engineering students engaged in a real-world project. Shows how the students' technical work and invention for the final report were simultaneous activities. Claims that invention for and through writing overlaps with technical invention. (HB)

Project T.E.A.M. (Technical Education Advancement Modules). Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenville Technical Coll., SC.

Project TEAM (Technical Education Advancement Modules), a cooperative demonstration program for high technology training, created an introductory technical training program and a consumer education package emphasizing the benefits of technical training. The curriculum and training focus of the project began with an assessment of employee needs in…

77 FR 39623 - Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

...] Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines; Technical Amendment AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule; technical amendment. SUMMARY: This amendment clarifies aircraft engine... from applicants requesting FAA engine type certifications and aftermarket certifications, such as...

7 CFR 652.36 - Appeal of decertification decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... technical service provider's written appeal, the Chief or his designee, will make a final determination, in... CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SUPPORT ACTIVITIES TECHNICAL SERVICE PROVIDER ASSISTANCE... of the State Conservationist's decertification determination, the technical service provider may...

Capturing Cognitive Fingerprints for Active Authentication

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

CAPTURING COGNITIVE FINGERPRINTS FOR ACTIVE AUTHENTICATION IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OCTOBER 2014 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT...REPORT TYPE FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) SEP 2013 – APR 2014 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE CAPTURING COGNITIVE FINGERPRINTS FOR ACTIVE...The project ended before the IRB application was approved. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Active Authentication, Cognitive Fingerprints , Biometric Modalities

Application of Communications Satellites to Educational Development. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1969-August 31, 1975.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Robert P.

Research is summarized in a brief final report built around a four-section bibliography. The first section lists periodic progress reports and articles which provide an overview of the program, including articles which pertain primarily to educational rather than technical aspects of satellite utilization. Theses carried out in the fields of…

Head Start Impact Study. Technical Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puma, Michael; Bell, Stephen; Cook, Ronna; Heid, Camilla; Shapiro, Gary; Broene, Pam; Jenkins, Frank; Fletcher, Philip; Quinn, Liz; Friedman, Janet; Ciarico, Janet; Rohacek, Monica; Adams, Gina; Spier, Elizabeth

2010-01-01

This Technical Report is designed to provide technical detail to support the analysis and findings presented in the "Head Start Impact Study Final Report" (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January 2010). Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Head Start Impact Study and its findings. Chapter 2 provides technical information on the…

Matching Community and Technical College Professional/Technical Education Capacity to Employer Demand. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sommers, Paul; Heg, Deena

A project was conducted to improve the state of Washington's community and technical college system by developing and using an improved occupational forecasting system to assess and respond to education and training needs. First, long-term occupational forecast data from Washington's Employment Security Department were matched with technical and…

75 FR 5784 - Guidance on Preparation of Market-Based Rate Filings and Electric Quarterly Reports by Public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-04

... Preparation of Market-Based Rate Filings and Electric Quarterly Reports by Public Utilities; Notice of Technical Conference January 28, 2010. Take notice that Commission staff will convene a technical conference... final agenda of the technical conference. The March 3, 2010 technical conference will focus on the...

A Revision of Technical Mathematics Based on the NCTM Standards. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Near, Barbara

Between 1993 and 1996, Henry Ford Community College (Michigan) worked with business, industry, and technical instructors to revise their Technical Mathematics program in accordance with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards. The purpose of the project was to restructure the technical math curriculum and create a context…

76 FR 11327 - Technical Amendments to Rule 17a-8: Financial Recordkeeping and Reporting of Currency and Foreign...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 240 [Release No. 34-63949] Technical Amendments to...: Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Final rule; technical amendments. SUMMARY: The Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission'') is adopting technical amendments to Rule 17a-8 under the Securities...

Final priority; technical assistance to improve state data capacity--National Technical Assistance Center to improve state capacity to accurately collect and report IDEA data. Final priority.

PubMed

2013-05-20

The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services announces a priority under the Technical Assistance to Improve State Data Capacity program. The Assistant Secretary may use this priority for competitions in fiscal year (FY) 2013 and later years. We take this action to focus attention on an identified national need to provide technical assistance (TA) to States to improve their capacity to meet the data collection and reporting requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). We intend this priority to establish a TA center to improve State capacity to accurately collect and report IDEA data (Data Center).

Technical Evaluation Motor No. 10 (TEM-10)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Technical Evaluation Motor No. 10 (TEM-10) was static fired on 27 Apr. 1993 at the Thiokol Corporation full-scale motor static test bay, T-24. This final test report documents the procedures, performance, and results of the static test firing of TEM-10. All observations, discussions, conclusions, and recommendations contained are final. Included is a presentation and discussion of TEM-10 performance, anomalies, and test results in concurrence with the objectives outlined in CTP-0110, Revision D, Space Shuttle Technical Evaluation Motor No. 10 (TEM-10) Static Fire Test Plan.

Final priority; Technical Assistance on State Data Collection--IDEA Data Management Center. Final priority.

PubMed

2014-08-05

The Assistant Secretary for the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) announces a priority under the Technical Assistance on State Data Collection program. The Assistant Secretary may use this priority for competitions in fiscal year (FY) 2014 and later years. We take this action to fund a cooperative agreement to establish and operate an IDEA Data Management Center (Center) that will provide technical assistance (TA) to improve the capacity of States to meet the data collection requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

Technical Topic 3.2.2.d Bayesian and Non-Parametric Statistics: Integration of Neural Networks with Bayesian Networks for Data Fusion and Predictive Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-31

and included explosives such as TATP, HMTD, RDX, RDX, ammonium nitrate , potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate , sugar, and TNT. The approach...Distribution Unlimited UU UU UU UU 31-05-2016 15-Apr-2014 14-Jan-2015 Final Report: Technical Topic 3.2.2. d Bayesian and Non- parametric Statistics...of Papers published in non peer-reviewed journals: Final Report: Technical Topic 3.2.2. d Bayesian and Non-parametric Statistics: Integration of Neural

The influence of deformation-induced residual stresses on the post-forming tensile stress/strain behavior of dual-phase steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hance, Brandon Michael

It was hypothesized that, in dual-phase (DP) steels, strain partitioning between ferrite (alpha) and martensite (alpha') during deformation results in a distribution of post-deformation residual stresses that, in turn, affects the subsequent strength, work hardening behavior and formability when the strain path is changed. The post-forming deformation-induced residual stress state was expected to depend upon the microstructure, the amount of strain and the prestrain path. The primary objective of this research program was to understand the influence of deformation-induced residual stresses on the post-forming tensile stress/strain behavior of DP steels. Three commercially produced sheet steels were considered in this analysis: (1) a DP steel with approximately 15 vol. % martensite, (2) a conventional high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steel, and (3) a conventional, ultra-low-carbon interstitial-free (IF) steel. Samples of each steel were subjected to various prestrain levels in various plane-stress forming modes, including uniaxial tension, plane strain and balanced biaxial stretching. Neutron diffraction experiments confirmed the presence of large post-forming deformation-induced residual stresses in the ferrite phase of the DP steel. The deformation-alphainduced residual stress state varied systematically with the prestrain mode, where the principal residual stress components are proportional to the principal strain components of the prestrain mode, but opposite in sign. For the first time, and by direct experimental correlation, it was shown that deformation-induced residual stresses greatly affect the post-forming tensile stress/strain behavior of DP steels. As previously reported in the literature, the formability (residual tensile ductility) of the IF steel and the HSLA steel was adversely affected by strain path changes. The DP steel presents a formability advantage over the conventional IF and HSLA steels, and is expected to be particularly well suited for complex forming operations that involve abrupt strain path changes. Deformation-induced residual stresses were measured in the IF steel and the HSLA steel; however, the magnitudes of which are such that post-forming tensile stress/strain behavior was not significantly affected. Considering the vast differences in mechanical properties, microstructure, and composition, the IF steel and the HSLA steel showed remarkably similar post-forming tensile stress/strain behavior for all prestrain modes considered.

Final June Revisions Rule Significant Contribution Assessment TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) presents quantitative assessments of the relationship between the final February revisions to the Transport Rule, the final June revisions rule, and the original analysis conducted for the final Transport Rule.

Develop a Comprehensive Technical Training and Data Collection Program for Structural Welders and Fitters: Technical Proposal

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-30

implementation Final Report 4 TECHNICAL PLAN AND RESULTS Task 1: Initiate the Project Management System Two senior NGSS production management...1 Technical Plan and Results...Third the system is hosted on a handheld unit which provides the foremen with an efficient daily planning tool. The Pilot System which entails

Laser Technician Associate Degree Program. A Proposal Submitted to Wisconsin State Board of Vocational, Technical, and Adult Education. (Curriculum Development.) Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Central Technical Inst., Wausau, WI.

This final report contains the program proposal with supporting data for developing curriculum materials for and implementing an associate-degree laser technology program at the North Central Technical Institute. The proposal outline provides this information: (1) objectives for the program designed to prepare a technician to safely operate,…

California Deaf-Blind Services Final Report, October 1, 1995-September 30, 1999 [and] October 1, 1999-June 30, 2000 (No Cost Extension).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goertz, Lori; Franklin, Barbara

This final report describes the activities and outcomes of the California Deaf-Blind Services (CDBS) program, a regionally based, family focused technical assistance and training project designed to improve services to children with deaf-blindness. The project conducted the following activities: (1) provided technical assistance to families and…

New Jersey Technical Assistance Project (N.J. TAP): "Educational Resources and Support Services on Behalf of Children with Multiple Sensory Impairment." Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Jersey State Dept. of Education, Trenton.

This final report describes activities and accomplishments of the New Jersey Technical Assistance Project, a project to improve educational resources and support services for students with multiple sensory impairment (deaf-blindness). Activities and accomplishments are presented in a tabular format for each project goal and objective. The project…

78 FR 77563 - Technical Amendments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-24

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Parts 700, 701, and 704 RIN 3133-AE33 Technical Amendments AGENCY: National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The NCUA Board... credit unions. The technical amendments conform the regulations to a recent policy change adopted by the...

75 FR 33682 - Export Administration Regulations; Technical Amendments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

...-01] RIN 0694-AE93 Export Administration Regulations; Technical Amendments AGENCY: Bureau of Industry... Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) makes a technical amendment to the Export Administration... review of final decisions and orders issued in BIS export control administrative enforcement proceedings...

78 FR 41331 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Acquisition Regulations System 48 CFR Part 225 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments AGENCY: Defense Acquisition Regulations System, Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: DoD is making technical amendment to the Defense...

The effect of solidification rate on the formability of nickel aluminide containing iron and boron

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carro, G.; Flanagan, W. F.

1987-01-01

Following reports that rapid solidification improves the ductility of some nickel aluminides, an investigation has been conducted of the possibility of additional improvement in a nickel aluminide containing both Fe and B. Free fall-solidified and free fall/splat-quenched samples similar to those producible under microgravity conditions in space were prepared, and their microstructure was characterized. Attention is given to the preliminary results of tests quantitatively measuring mechanical properties.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zou, Yun; Zhang, Lehao; Li, Yang

Limitations of strength and formability are the major obstacles to the industrial application of magnesium alloys. Here, we demonstrate, by producing the duplex phases and fine intermetallic particles in composition-optimized superlight Mg-Li-Al alloys, a unique approach to simultaneously improve the comprehensive mechanical properties (a strength-ductility balance). In conclusion, the phase components and microstructures, including the size, morphology, and distribution of precipitated-intermetallic particles can be optimized by tuning the Li content, which strongly influences the work-hardening behavior and tension-compression yield asymmetry.

The Home Stretch Almost! Science with the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope V

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ochs, Bill

2017-01-01

JWST has Made tremendous progress in the last few years. JWST Is fully immersed in integration and test, but testing JWST is a formable challenge. JWST's size, complexity, and cryogenic characteristics require a multifaceted test plan to verify mission readiness. Each of these tests are opportunities to uncover issues which must be corrected to be able to move forward. All observatory control, science planning, and science data processing operational systems are on schedule.?

Bias extension test on a bi-axial non-crimp fabric powdered with a non-reactive binder system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pourtier, Jean; Duchamp, Boris; Kowalski, Maxime; Legrand, Xavier; Wang, Peng; Soulat, Damien

2018-05-01

In this communication, we investigated the effects of a chemical non-reactive binder system (powder) on the formability of NCF. Those influences are evaluated for two different of bi-axial NCF structures tested in a range of temperature [20°C - 140°] during bias extension tests (Fig. 1). This analyze is based on the study of force in function of deformation modes (slipping effects and shear angle field).

The effect of oxygen plasma pretreatment and incubation in modified simulated body fluids on the formation of bone-like apatite on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (70/30).

PubMed

Qu, Xue; Cui, Wenjin; Yang, Fei; Min, Changchun; Shen, Hong; Bei, Jianzhong; Wang, Shenguo

2007-01-01

In this study, biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (70/30) films and scaffolds were first treated with oxygen plasma and then incubated in a modified simulated body fluid 1.5SBF0 to prepare a bone-like apatite layer. The formation of the apatite and its influence on osteoblast-like cells growth were investigated. It was found that the bone-like apatite formability of PLGA(70/30) was enhanced by plasma pretreatment. The changes of surface chemistry and surface topography induced by oxygen plasma treatment were both effective for apatite formation. The apatite formability increased with increasing plasma-treating time. Under a treating condition of 20 W for 30 min, oxygen plasma treatment could penetrate into the inner scaffold. After 6 days incubation, the apatite formed in plasma-treated scaffold was better distributed than in untreated scaffold, and the weight and mechanical strength of the plasma-treated scaffold were both enhanced. Compared with PLGA(70/30), the apatite layer formed on oxygen plasma-treated PLGA(70/30) surface enhanced adhesion and proliferation of OCT-1 osteoblast-like cell, but had no significant effect on cell's ALP activity at day 7. A prolonged investigation is being in process to further verify the bone-like apatite effects on osteogenic differentiation.

Forming-Limit Diagrams for Magnesium AZ31B and ZEK100 Alloy Sheets at Elevated Temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antoniswamy, Aravindha R.; Carpenter, Alexander J.; Carter, Jon T.; Hector, Louis G.; Taleff, Eric M.

2013-11-01

Modern design and manufacturing methodologies for magnesium (Mg) sheet panels require formability data for use in computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering tools. To meet this need, forming-limit diagrams (FLDs) for AZ31B and ZEK100 wrought Mg alloy sheets were developed at elevated temperatures for strain rates of 10-3 and 10-2 s-1. The elevated temperatures investigated range from 250 to 450 °C for AZ31B and 300 to 450 °C for ZEK100. The FLDs were generated using data from uniaxial tension, biaxial bulge, and plane-strain bulge tests, all carried out until specimen rupture. The unique aspect of this study is that data from materials with consistent processing histories were produced using consistent testing techniques across all test conditions. The ZEK100 alloy reaches greater major true strains at rupture, by up to 60%, than the AZ31B alloy for all strain paths at all temperatures and strain rates examined. Formability limits decrease only slightly with a decrease in temperature, less than 30% decrease for AZ31B and less than 35% decrease for ZEK100 as the temperature decreases from 450 to 300 °C. This suggests that forming processes at 250-300 °C are potentially viable for manufacturing complex Mg components.

Rapid Freeform Sheet Metal Forming: Technology Development and System Verification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kiridena, Vijitha; Verma, Ravi; Gutowski, Timothy

The objective of this project is to develop a transformational RApid Freeform sheet metal Forming Technology (RAFFT) in an industrial environment, which has the potential to increase manufacturing energy efficiency up to ten times, at a fraction of the cost of conventional technologies. The RAFFT technology is a flexible and energy-efficient process that eliminates the need for having geometry-specific forming dies. The innovation lies in the idea of using the energy resource at the local deformation area which provides greater formability, process control, and process flexibility relative to traditional methods. Double-Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF), the core technology in RAFFT, ismore » a new concept for sheet metal forming. A blank sheet is clamped around its periphery and gradually deformed into a complex 3D freeform part by two strategically aligned stylus-type tools that follow a pre-described toolpath. The two tools, one on each side of the blank, can form a part with sharp features for both concave and convex shapes. Since deformation happens locally, the forming force at any instant is significantly decreased when compared to traditional methods. The key advantages of DSIF are its high process flexibility, high energy-efficiency, low capital investment, and the elimination of the need for massive amounts of die casting and machining. Additionally, the enhanced formability and process flexibility of DSIF can open up design spaces and result in greater weight savings.« less

Stamping an AA5754 Train Window Panel with High Dent Resistance Using Locally Annealed Blanks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piccininni, A.; Guglielmi, P.; Lo Franco, A.; Palumbo, G.

2017-09-01

The warm stamping of an AA5754-H32 window panel for railway vehicles applications has been proposed in the present work. The adoption of increased working temperatures can be surely considered the most effective solution for this alloy to overcome the limited material formability at room temperature [Palumbo et al. “Warm Forming of an AA5754 Component for Railway Vehicle Applications”, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 183, 2017, Pages 351-356] but, in order to improve the overall dent resistance of the component, the initial wrought conditions have been chosen in the present work. The manufacturing of the window panel was thus subdivided into a preliminary local heat treatment (assumed to be performed by laser) to anneal the material and a subsequent warm stamping step using heated tools. The best combination of temperature and holding time able to produce the annealing of the investigated alloy was determined using the physical simulator Gleeble 3180. On the contrary, the warm forming step was designed by means of thermo-mechanical simulations: in order to model the AA5754-H32 blank with annealed regions, an extensive experimental campaign (tensile and formability tests) was conducted using specimens in the annealed (H111) and in the wrought (H32) conditions. Through the numerical approach it was thus possible define: (i) the extent of the annealed regions; (ii) the punch speed to get a sound component.

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Fiber Deformation and Formability in Thermoforming Process Using a Fast-Cure Carbon Prepreg: Effect of Stacking Sequence and Mold Geometry.

PubMed

Bae, Daeryeong; Kim, Shino; Lee, Wonoh; Yi, Jin Woo; Um, Moon Kwang; Seong, Dong Gi

2018-05-21

A fast-cure carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg was thermoformed against a replicated automotive roof panel mold (square-cup) to investigate the effect of the stacking sequence of prepreg layers with unidirectional and plane woven fabrics and mold geometry with different drawing angles and depths on the fiber deformation and formability of the prepreg. The optimum forming condition was determined via analysis of the material properties of epoxy resin. The non-linear mechanical properties of prepreg at the deformation modes of inter- and intra-ply shear, tensile and bending were measured to be used as input data for the commercial virtual forming simulation software. The prepreg with a stacking sequence containing the plain-woven carbon prepreg on the outer layer of the laminate was successfully thermoformed against a mold with a depth of 20 mm and a tilting angle of 110°. Experimental results for the shear deformations at each corner of the thermoformed square-cup product were compared with the simulation and a similarity in the overall tendency of the shear angle in the path at each corner was observed. The results are expected to contribute to the optimization of parameters on materials, mold design and processing in the thermoforming mass-production process for manufacturing high quality automotive parts with a square-cup geometry.

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Fiber Deformation and Formability in Thermoforming Process Using a Fast-Cure Carbon Prepreg: Effect of Stacking Sequence and Mold Geometry

PubMed Central

Bae, Daeryeong; Kim, Shino; Lee, Wonoh; Yi, Jin Woo; Um, Moon Kwang; Seong, Dong Gi

2018-01-01

A fast-cure carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg was thermoformed against a replicated automotive roof panel mold (square-cup) to investigate the effect of the stacking sequence of prepreg layers with unidirectional and plane woven fabrics and mold geometry with different drawing angles and depths on the fiber deformation and formability of the prepreg. The optimum forming condition was determined via analysis of the material properties of epoxy resin. The non-linear mechanical properties of prepreg at the deformation modes of inter- and intra-ply shear, tensile and bending were measured to be used as input data for the commercial virtual forming simulation software. The prepreg with a stacking sequence containing the plain-woven carbon prepreg on the outer layer of the laminate was successfully thermoformed against a mold with a depth of 20 mm and a tilting angle of 110°. Experimental results for the shear deformations at each corner of the thermoformed square-cup product were compared with the simulation and a similarity in the overall tendency of the shear angle in the path at each corner was observed. The results are expected to contribute to the optimization of parameters on materials, mold design and processing in the thermoforming mass-production process for manufacturing high quality automotive parts with a square-cup geometry. PMID:29883413

Tailorable Burning Behavior of Ti14 Alloy by Controlling Semi-Solid Forging Temperature.

PubMed

Chen, Yongnan; Yang, Wenqing; Zhan, Haifei; Zhang, Fengying; Huo, Yazhou; Zhao, Yongqing; Song, Xuding; Gu, Yuantong

2016-08-16

Semi-solid processing (SSP) is a popular near-net-shape forming technology for metals, while its application is still limited in titanium alloy mainly due to its low formability. Recent works showed that SSP could effectively enhance the formability and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. The processing parameters such as temperature and forging rate/ratio, are directly correlated with the microstructure, which endow the alloy with different chemical and physical properties. Specifically, as a key structural material for the advanced aero-engine, the burn resistant performance is a crucial requirement for the burn resistant titanium alloy. Thus, this work aims to assess the burning behavior of Ti14, a kind of burn resistant alloy, as forged at different semi-solid forging temperatures. The burning characteristics of the alloy are analyzed by a series of burning tests with different burning durations, velocities, and microstructures of burned sample. The results showed that the burning process is highly dependent on the forging temperature, due to the fact that higher temperatures would result in more Ti₂Cu precipitate within grain and along grain boundaries. Such a microstructure hinders the transport of oxygen in the stable burning stage through the formation of a kind of oxygen isolation Cu-enriched layer under the burn product zone. This work suggests that the burning resistance of the alloy can be effectively tuned by controlling the temperature during the semi-solid forging process.

The interaction between short-term heat-treatment and the formability of an Al-Mg-Si alloy regarding deep drawing processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Machhammer, M.; Sommitsch, C.

2016-11-01

Research conducted in recent years has shown that heat-treatable Al-Mg-Si alloys (6xxx) have great potential concerning the design of lightweight car bodies. Compared to conventional deep drawing steels the field of application is limited by a lower formability. In order to minimize the disadvantage of a lower drawability a short-term heat-treatment (SHT) can be applied before the forming process. The SHT, conducted in selected areas on the initial blank, leads to a local reduction of strength aiming at the decrease of critical stress during the deep drawing process. For the successful procedure of the SHT a solid knowledge about the crucial process parameters such as the design of the SHT layout, the SHT process time and the maximum SHT temperature are urgently required. It also should be noted that the storage time between the SHT and the forming processes affects the mechanical properties of the SHT area. In this paper, the effect of diverse SHT process parameters and various storage time-frames on the major and minor strain situation of a deep drawn part is discussed by the evaluation of the forming limit diagram. For the purpose of achieving short heating times and a homogenous temperature distribution a one side contact heating tool has been used for the heat treatment in this study.

Overview of superplastic forming research at ford motor company

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Friedman, P. A.; Luckey, S. G.; Copple, W. B.; Allor, R.; Miller, C. E.; Young, C.

2004-12-01

In an effort to reduce vehicle weight, the automotive industry has switched to aluminum sheet for many closure panels. Although the application of aluminum is compatible with existing manufacturing processes and has attractive qualities such as low density, good mechanical properties, and high corrosion resistance, it has less room-temperature formability than steel. The expanded forming limits that are possible with superplastic forming can significantly improve the ability to manufacture complex shapes from materials with limited formability. Aluminum closure panels produced by superplastic forming have been used by Ford Motor Company for over a decade. However, applications have been limited to low-volume, specialty vehicles due to the relatively slow cycle time and the cost penalty associated with the specially processed sheet alloys. While there has been substantial research on the superplastic characteristics of aluminum alloys, the bulk of this work has focused on the development of aerospace alloys, which are often too costly and perhaps inappropriate for automotive applications. Additionally, there has been a limited amount of work done to develop the technologies required to support the higher production volumes of the automotive industry. This work presents an automotive perspective on superplastic forming and an overview of the research being performed at Ford Motor Company to increase the production volume so superplastic forming can be cost competitive with more traditional forming technologies.

Final Revisions Rule Significant Contribution Assessment TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) presents quantitative assessments of the relationship between final revisions to the Transport Rule and the original analysis conducted for the final Transport Rule.

75 FR 15342 - Advisory Committees; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-29

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration 21 CFR Part 14 [Docket No. FDA-2010-N-0001] Advisory Committees; Technical Amendment Agency: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Final rule; technical amendment. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its...

2012 Technical Corrections Fact Sheet

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Final Rule: 2012 Technical Corrections, Clarifying and Other Amendments to theGreenhouse Gas Reporting Rule, and Confidentiality Determinations for Certain DataElements of the Fluorinated Gas Source Category

Evaluation of Routine Atmospheric Sounding Measurements using Unmanned Systems (ERASMUS): Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

de Boer, Gijs; Lawrence, Dale; Palo, Scott

2017-03-29

This final technical report details activities undertaken as part of the referenced project. Included is information on the preparation of aircraft for deployment to Alaska, summaries of the three deployments covered under this project, and a brief description of the dataset and science directions pursued. Additionally, we provide information on lessons learned, publications, and presentations resulting from this work.

Vocational Curriculum Modification. Teaching Technical Language to Learning Handicapped Students. Project HIRE: A Curriculum Management System for Instructing the Handicapped. Final Report, Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, David C.; And Others

Volume 1 of the final report on Project HIRE reports the design, development, field-testing, and refining of self-instructional packages to teach entry level technical vocabulary to learning handicapped students mainstreamed in vocational programs. Volume 2, a management handbook, reports the methods and findings concerning development of…

Joint Technical Architecture for Robotic Systems (JTARS)-Final Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, Arthur T.; Holloway, Sidney E., III

2006-01-01

This document represents the final report for the Joint Technical Architecture for Robotic Systems (JTARS) project, funded by the Office of Exploration as part of the Intramural Call for Proposals of 2005. The project was prematurely terminated, without review, as part of an agency-wide realignment towards the development of a Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and meeting the near-term goals of lunar exploration.

Review of Final Year MSP Evaluations, Performance Period 2007. Analytic and Technical Support for Mathematics and Science Partnerships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bobronnikov, Ellen; Rhodes, Hilary; Bradley, Cay

2010-01-01

This final report culminates the evaluation and technical assistance provided for the U.S. Department of Education's Mathematics and Science Partnership (MSP) Program and its projects since 2005. As part of this support, Abt Associates looked across the portfolio of projects funded by the MSP program to draw lessons on best practices. This…

Pacific Educational Computer Network Study. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. ALOHA System.

The Pacific Educational Computer Network Feasibility Study examined technical and non-technical aspects of the formation of an international Pacific Area computer network for higher education. The technical study covered the assessment of the feasibility of a packet-switched satellite and radio ground distribution network for data transmission…

Community College Technical Mathematics Project. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Self, Samuel L.

The purpose of the research project was to develop an applied or technical mathematics curriculum which would meet the needs of vocational-technical students at the community college level. The research project was divided into three distinct phases: Identifying the mathematical concepts requisite for job-entry competencies in each of the…

7 CFR 614.10 - Appeals before the Farm Service Agency county committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... section are completed, provide the FSA county committee with a written technical determination in the form... part 780, a participant may appeal a final technical determination or a program decision to the FSA... appeal requests review of the technical determination by the applicable State Conservationist prior to...

77 FR 47495 - Final Priority; Technical Assistance on State Data Collection, Analysis, and Reporting-National...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-08

... intervention and preschool service providers with data on their qualifications, certification, and preparation... Priority; Technical Assistance on State Data Collection, Analysis, and Reporting--National IDEA Technical Assistance Center on Early Childhood Longitudinal Data Systems; Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 77, No...

77 FR 18716 - Transportation Security Administration Postal Zip Code Change; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-28

... organizational changes and it has no substantive effect on the public. DATES: Effective March 28, 2012. FOR... No. 1572-9] Transportation Security Administration Postal Zip Code Change; Technical Amendment AGENCY: Transportation Security Administration, DHS. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule is a technical change to...

An Operational Fire Hazards Analysis of the C-5

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-02-01

cadmium or lead acid batteries should be installed. (San Antonio A•C) 1. Chine Drain 1) The straight runs of plastic tubing between !MLG wheels should be...JP-5 c. NIL-H-5606, Hydraulic Oil d. NIL-L-7808, Lubricating Oil e. A nonetallic materials such as fabrics, insulation, curtains, plastic panels...14072-1 dat Jan. 8, 1968 "l•ydox (Thermo Formable Plastic ) Self wxtirr-uishin., Test Mcthodc A`S" D-63556T Rhom & 1laas Bul. PL-674B & Itj Sept. 10, 1969

Crystallization, Optical and Chemical Properties of Fluoride Glasses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doremus, R. H.

1985-01-01

Fluoride glasses have great promise as infrared optical components, especially fibers, because they are transparent to 8 micrometers and higher. In order to optimize properties, different glass compositions are needed. Some are hard to form in a container, and may possibly be formable in a containerless furnace. Understanding of crystallization with and without a container could lead to glasses with optimum properties. Chemical durability (attack by water) can limit or extend the applicability of fluoride glasses. Progress to date is given.

Influence of microscopic strain heterogeneity on the formability of martensitic stainless steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bettanini, Alvise Miotti; Delannay, Laurent; Jacques, Pascal J.; Pardoen, Thomas; Badinier, Guillaume; Mithieux, Jean-Denis

2017-10-01

Both finite element modeling and mean field (Mori-Tanaka) modeling are used to predict the strain partitioning in the martensite-ferrite microstructure of an AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel. Numerical predictions reproduce experimental trends according to which macroscopic strength is increased when the dissolution of carbides leads to carbon enrichment of martensite. However, the increased strength contrast of ferrite and martensite favours strain localization and high stress triaxiality in ferrite, which in turn promotes ductile damage development.

Studying the Cost and Value of Library Services: Final Report. Technical Report APLAB/94-3/1,2,3,4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kantor, Paul B.; And Others

This is the final technical report (in three parts) of a 15-month long project to study the costs and value of library functions at five major research libraries. Twenty-one services or service aspects were studied, and numerous measures of the importance or benefit of the service to the users were made. These measures were studied together to lay…

An Inquiry into Testing of Information Retrieval Systems. Comparative Systems Laboratory Final Technical Report, Part III: CSL Related Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zull, Carolyn Gifford, Ed.; And Others

This third volume of the Comparative Systems Laboratory (CSL) Final Technical Report is a collection of relatively independent studies performed on CSL materials. Covered in this document are studies on: (1) properties of files, including a study of the growth rate of a dictionary of index terms as influenced by number of documents in the file and…

Programs of Study as a State Policy Mandate: A Longitudinal Study of the South Carolina Personal Pathways to Success Initiative. Unabridged Final Technical Report (Years 1-5)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammond, Cathy; Withington, Cairen; Sharp, Julia L.; Mobley, Catherine; Drew, Sam F.; Stringfield, Samuel C.; Stipanovic, Natalie; Swiger, Caroline M.; Daugherty, Lindsay; Griffith, Cathy

2014-01-01

This final report presents findings from data collection and analysis conducted during a five-year study by the National Dropout Prevention Center (NDPC) at Clemson University, in conjunction with colleagues from the National Research Center for Career and Technical Education (NRCCTE) at the University of Louisville. This project was one of three…

Ground-Based Radiometric Measurements of Slant Path Attenuation in the V/W Bands

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-01

GROUND-BASED RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF SLANT PATH ATTENUATION IN THE V/W BANDS APRIL 2016 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE...2. REPORT TYPE FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) OCT 2012 – SEP 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE GROUND-BASED RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS ...SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Ground-based radiometric techniques were applied to measure the slant path attenuation cumulative distribution function to

Final Technical Progress Report: Development of Low-Cost Suspension Heliostat; December 7, 2011 - December 6, 2012

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bender, W.

2013-01-01

Final technical progress report of SunShot Incubator Solaflect Energy. The project succeeded in demonstrating that the Solaflect Suspension Heliostat design is viable for large-scale CSP installations. Canting accuracy is acceptable and is continually improving as Solaflect improves its understanding of this design. Cost reduction initiatives were successful, and there are still many opportunities for further development and further cost reduction.

Advanced Transportation System Studies Technical Area 2 (TA-2) Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Development Contract. Volume 2; Technical Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

The purpose of the Advanced Transportation System Studies (ATSS) Technical Area 2 (TA-2) Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Development contract was to provide advanced launch vehicle concept definition and analysis to assist NASA in the identification of future launch vehicle requirements. Contracted analysis activities included vehicle sizing and performance analysis, subsystem concept definition, propulsion subsystem definition (foreign and domestic), ground operations and facilities analysis, and life cycle cost estimation. This document is Volume 2 of the final report for the contract. It provides documentation of selected technical results from various TA-2 analysis activities, including a detailed narrative description of the SSTO concept assessment results, a user's guide for the associated SSTO sizing tools, an SSTO turnaround assessment report, an executive summary of the ground operations assessments performed during the first year of the contract, a configuration-independent vehicle health management system requirements report, a copy of all major TA-2 contract presentations, a copy of the FLO launch vehicle final report, and references to Pratt & Whitney's TA-2 sponsored final reports regarding the identification of Russian main propulsion technologies.

Technical Evaluation Motor No. 7 (TEM-7)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hughes, Phil

1991-01-01

The Technical Evaluation Motor No. 7 (TEM-7) test was a full-scale, full duration static test firing of a high performance motor-configuration solid rocket motor with nozzle vectoring. The final test report documents the procedures, performance, and results of the static test firing of TEM-7. All observations, discussions, conclusions, and recommendations included in the report are complete and final except for the TEM-7 fixed housing unbond investigation. A presentation and discussion of TEM-7 performance, anomalies, and test result concurrence with the objectives outlined in CTP-0107, Rev A, Space Shuttle Technical Evaluation Motor No. 7 (TEM-7) Static Fire Test Plan are included.

Building Stronger State Energy Partnerships with the U.S. Department of Energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marks, Kate

2011-09-30

This final technical report details the results of total work efforts and progress made from October 2007 – September 2011 under the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) cooperative agreement DE-FC26-07NT43264, Building Stronger State Energy Partnerships with the U.S. Department of Energy. Major topical project areas in this final report include work efforts in the following areas: Energy Assurance and Critical Infrastructure, State and Regional Technical Assistance, Regional Initiative, Regional Coordination and Technical Assistance, and International Activities in China. All required deliverables have been provided to the National Energy Technology Laboratory and DOE program officials.

Final Technical Report of Project DE-FG02-96ER14647

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lundeen, Stephen R.

This is the final technical report of work completed under DOE support over the period Sept. 1, 1996 until May 31, 2015. The title of the project was "Ion/Excited Atom Collision Studies with a Rydberg Target and a CO2 Laser" from 9/1/96 to 10/31/06, and "Properties of Actinide Ions from Measurements of Rydberg Ion Fine Structure" from 11/1/06 until 5/31/15. The primary technical results were a detailed experimental study of resonant charge transfer between Rydberg atoms and highly-charged ions, and unique measurements of many properties of multiply-charged Thorium ions.

78 FR 34392 - Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff: Technical Considerations for Pen...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-07

...] Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff: Technical Considerations for Pen, Jet, and... availability of a final guidance document entitled ``Technical Considerations for Pen, Jet, and Related... developing information to support a marketing application for a pen, jet, or related injector device intended...

Florida Study of Career and Technical Education. Final Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobson, Louis; Mokher, Christine

2014-01-01

A key goal of the "Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006" ("Perkins IV") is to ensure career and technical education (CTE) programs are widely available for preparing high school and college students for "high skill, high wage, or high demand occupations in current or emerging professions"…

Final Technical Report for Award DESC0011912, "Trimodal Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy: Simultaneous 4D Mapping of Conservative and Dissipative Probe-Sample Interactions of Energy-Relevant Materials”

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Solares, Santiago D.

The final project report covering the period 7/1/14-6/30/17 provides an overview of the technical accomplishments in the areas of (i) fundamental viscoelasticity, (ii) multifrequency atomic force microscopy, and (iii) characterization of energy-relevant materials with atomic force microscopy. A list of publications supported by the project is also provided.

Application of Knowledge-Based Techniques to Tracking Function

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

38394041 42434445 46474849 505152 53545556 57585960 616263 646566 676869 707172 737475 7677 7879 8081 8283 8485 8687 8889 9091 9293 9495 969798 99100...Knowledge-based applications to adaptive space-time processing. Volume I: Summary”, AFRL-SN-TR-2001-146 Vol. I (of Vol. VI ), Final Technical Report, July...2001-146 Vol. IV (of Vol. VI ), Final Technical Report, July 2001. [53] C. Morgan, L. Moyer, “Knowledge-based applications to adaptive space-time

Forecasting the Future Food Service World of Work. Final Report. Volume III. Technical Papers on the Future of the Food Service Industry. Service Management Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powers, Thomas F., Ed.; Swinton, John R., Ed.

This third and final volume of a study on the future of the food service industry contains the technical papers on which the information in the previous two volumes was based. The papers were written by various members of the Pennsylvania State University departments of economics, food science, nutrition, social psychology, and engineering and by…

Final Technical Report for contract number DE-FG02-05ER15670

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glazebrook, Jane

This is the final technical report for contract number DE-FG02-05ER15670. The project is now complete, and results of the project have been published. Two papers were published based on work done in the last three-year funding period. The DOIs of these papers are included below. The abstracts of the papers, providing summaries of the work, are included in the body of the report.

Astrobee Periodic Technical Review (PTR) Delta 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Provencher, Christopher; Smith, Marion F.; Smith, Ernest Everett; Bualat, Maria Gabriele; Barlow, Jonathan Spencer

2017-01-01

Astrobee is a free flying robot for the inside of the International Space Station (ISS). The Periodic Technical Review (PTR) delta 3 is the final design review of the system presented to stakeholders.

Polar source analysis : technical memorandum

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-29

The following technical memorandum describes the development, testing and analysis of various polar source data sets. The memorandum also includes recommendation for potential inclusion in future releases of AEDT. This memorandum is the final deliver...

2005 v4.2 Technical Support Document

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technical Support Document for the Final Transport Rule describes how updated 2005 NEI, version 2 emissions and were processed for air quality modeling in support of the Cross-state Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR).

Direct Final Rule for Technical Amendments for Marine Spark-Ignition Engines and Vessels

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Rule published September 16, 2010 to make technical amendments to the design standard for portable marine fuel tanks. This rule incorporates safe recommended practices, developed through industry consensus.

Tailorable Burning Behavior of Ti14 Alloy by Controlling Semi-Solid Forging Temperature

PubMed Central

Chen, Yongnan; Yang, Wenqing; Zhan, Haifei; Zhang, Fengying; Huo, Yazhou; Zhao, Yongqing; Song, Xuding; Gu, Yuantong

2016-01-01

Semi-solid processing (SSP) is a popular near-net-shape forming technology for metals, while its application is still limited in titanium alloy mainly due to its low formability. Recent works showed that SSP could effectively enhance the formability and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. The processing parameters such as temperature and forging rate/ratio, are directly correlated with the microstructure, which endow the alloy with different chemical and physical properties. Specifically, as a key structural material for the advanced aero-engine, the burn resistant performance is a crucial requirement for the burn resistant titanium alloy. Thus, this work aims to assess the burning behavior of Ti14, a kind of burn resistant alloy, as forged at different semi-solid forging temperatures. The burning characteristics of the alloy are analyzed by a series of burning tests with different burning durations, velocities, and microstructures of burned sample. The results showed that the burning process is highly dependent on the forging temperature, due to the fact that higher temperatures would result in more Ti2Cu precipitate within grain and along grain boundaries. Such a microstructure hinders the transport of oxygen in the stable burning stage through the formation of a kind of oxygen isolation Cu-enriched layer under the burn product zone. This work suggests that the burning resistance of the alloy can be effectively tuned by controlling the temperature during the semi-solid forging process. PMID:28773820

Damage Evolution in Complex-Phase and Dual-Phase Steels during Edge Stretching.

PubMed

Pathak, Nikky; Butcher, Cliff; Worswick, Michael James; Bellhouse, Erika; Gao, Jeff

2017-03-27

The role of microstructural damage in controlling the edge stretchability of Complex-Phase (CP) and Dual-Phase (DP) steels was evaluated using hole tension experiments. The experiments considered a tensile specimen with a hole at the center of specimen that is either sheared (sheared edge condition) or drilled and then reamed (reamed edge condition). The damage mechanism and accumulation in the CP and DP steels were systematically characterized by interrupting the hole tension tests at different strain levels using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and optical microscopy. Martensite cracking and decohesion of ferrite-martensite interfaces are the dominant nucleation mechanisms in the DP780. The primary source of void nucleation in the CP800 is nucleation at TiN particles, with secondary void formation at martensite/bainite interfaces near the failure strain. The rate of damage evolution is considerably higher for the sheared edge in contrast with the reamed edge since the shearing process alters the microstructure in the shear affected zone (SAZ) by introducing work-hardening and initial damage behind the sheared edge. The CP microstructures were shown to be less prone to shear-induced damage than the DP materials resulting in much higher sheared edge formability. Microstructural damage in the CP and DP steels was characterized to understand the interaction between microstructure, damage evolution and edge formability during edge stretching. An analytical model for void evolution and coalescence was developed and applied to predict the damage rate in these rather diverse microstructures.

Numerical investigation of tube hyroforming of TWT using Corner Fill Test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zribi, Temim; Khalfallah, Ali

2018-05-01

Tube hydroforming presents a very good alternative to conventional forming processes for obtaining good quality mechanical parts used in several industrial fields, such as the automotive and aerospace sectors. Research in the field of tube hydroforming is aimed at improving the formability, stiffness and weight reduction of manufactured parts using this process. In recent years, a new method of hydroforming appears; it consists of deforming parts made from welded tubes and having different thicknesses. This technique which contributes to the weight reduction of the hydroformed tubes is a good alternative to the conventional tube hydroforming. This technique makes it possible to build rigid and light structures with a reduced cost. However, it is possible to improve the weight reduction by using dissimilar tailor welded tubes (TWT). This paper is a first attempt to analyze by numerical simulation the behavior of TWT hydroformed in square cross section dies, commonly called (Corner Fill Test). Considered tubes are composed of two materials assembled by butt welding. The present analysis will focus on the effect of loading paths on the formability of the structure by determining the change in thickness in several sections of the part. A comparison between the results obtained by hydroforming the butt joint of tubes made of dissimilar materials and those obtained using single-material tube is achieved. Numerical calculations show that the bi-material welded tube has better thinning resistance and a more even thickness distribution in the circumferential directions when compared to the single-material tube.

Massively Parallel Processing for Fast and Accurate Stamping Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gress, Jeffrey J.; Xu, Siguang; Joshi, Ramesh; Wang, Chuan-tao; Paul, Sabu

2005-08-01

The competitive automotive market drives automotive manufacturers to speed up the vehicle development cycles and reduce the lead-time. Fast tooling development is one of the key areas to support fast and short vehicle development programs (VDP). In the past ten years, the stamping simulation has become the most effective validation tool in predicting and resolving all potential formability and quality problems before the dies are physically made. The stamping simulation and formability analysis has become an critical business segment in GM math-based die engineering process. As the simulation becomes as one of the major production tools in engineering factory, the simulation speed and accuracy are the two of the most important measures for stamping simulation technology. The speed and time-in-system of forming analysis becomes an even more critical to support the fast VDP and tooling readiness. Since 1997, General Motors Die Center has been working jointly with our software vendor to develop and implement a parallel version of simulation software for mass production analysis applications. By 2001, this technology was matured in the form of distributed memory processing (DMP) of draw die simulations in a networked distributed memory computing environment. In 2004, this technology was refined to massively parallel processing (MPP) and extended to line die forming analysis (draw, trim, flange, and associated spring-back) running on a dedicated computing environment. The evolution of this technology and the insight gained through the implementation of DM0P/MPP technology as well as performance benchmarks are discussed in this publication.

Damage Evolution in Complex-Phase and Dual-Phase Steels during Edge Stretching

PubMed Central

Pathak, Nikky; Butcher, Cliff; Worswick, Michael James; Bellhouse, Erika; Gao, Jeff

2017-01-01

The role of microstructural damage in controlling the edge stretchability of Complex-Phase (CP) and Dual-Phase (DP) steels was evaluated using hole tension experiments. The experiments considered a tensile specimen with a hole at the center of specimen that is either sheared (sheared edge condition) or drilled and then reamed (reamed edge condition). The damage mechanism and accumulation in the CP and DP steels were systematically characterized by interrupting the hole tension tests at different strain levels using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and optical microscopy. Martensite cracking and decohesion of ferrite-martensite interfaces are the dominant nucleation mechanisms in the DP780. The primary source of void nucleation in the CP800 is nucleation at TiN particles, with secondary void formation at martensite/bainite interfaces near the failure strain. The rate of damage evolution is considerably higher for the sheared edge in contrast with the reamed edge since the shearing process alters the microstructure in the shear affected zone (SAZ) by introducing work-hardening and initial damage behind the sheared edge. The CP microstructures were shown to be less prone to shear-induced damage than the DP materials resulting in much higher sheared edge formability. Microstructural damage in the CP and DP steels was characterized to understand the interaction between microstructure, damage evolution and edge formability during edge stretching. An analytical model for void evolution and coalescence was developed and applied to predict the damage rate in these rather diverse microstructures. PMID:28772707

Effect of Intercritical Annealing on Microstructural Evolution and Properties of Quenched & Partitioned (Q&P) Steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Riming; Jin, Xuejun; Wang, Chenglin; Wang, Li

2016-04-01

Transformation of metastable austenite into martensite in novel quenched & partitioned (Q&P) steels improves sheet formability, allowing this class of high-strength steels to be used for automotive structural components. The current work studies the microstructural evolution by varying intercritical annealing time ( t a), as well as its influence on the martensite-austenite constituent and mechanical properties of Q&P steels. As the t a was prolonged, the morphology of retained austenite progressively transformed from block to a mixture of block and film, and finally changed to totally film. Based on electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements and uniaxial tensile response, the holding time of 600 s at 760 °C was determined to produce the best results in terms of highest volume fraction of retained austenite ( f γ = 15.8%) and largest strain (26.8%) at the ultimate tensile strength (892 MPa). This difference in work-hardening behavior corresponds directly to the transformation rate of retained austenite with different morphology. The slower rate of transformation of filmy austenite allowed for work hardening to persist at high strains where the transformation effect had already been exhausted in the blocky one. There is great potential for properties improvement through adjustment of metastability of retained austenite.

Design of Channel Type Indirect Blank Holder for Prevention of Wrinkling and Fracture in Hot Stamping Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Hong-seok; Ha, Se-yoon; Cha, Seung-hoon; kang, Chung-gil; Kim, Byung-min

2011-08-01

The hot stamping process has been used in the automotive industry to reduce the weight of the body-in-white and to increase passenger safety via improved crashworthiness. In this study, a new form die with a simple structure that can prevent defects such as wrinkle and fracture is proposed for the manufacture of hot stamped components. The wrinkling at the flange cannot be eliminated when using a conventional form die. It is known that the initiation of wrinkling is influenced by many factors such as the mechanical properties of the sheet material, geometry of the sheet and tool, and other process parameters, including the blank holding force (BHF) and the contact conditions. In this research, channel type indirect blank holder (CIBH) is introduced to replace general blank holder for manufacturing the hot stamped center pillar. First, we investigate the tension force acting on the blank according to the channel shapes. We determine the appropriate range by comparing the tension force with the upper and lower BHFs in a conventional stamping process. We then use FE-analysis to study the influence of the slope angle and corner radius of the channel on the formability. Finally, the center pillar is manufactured using the form die with the selected channel.

Optimization of Surface Roughness and Wall Thickness in Dieless Incremental Forming Of Aluminum Sheet Using Taguchi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamedon, Zamzuri; Kuang, Shea Cheng; Jaafar, Hasnulhadi; Azhari, Azmir

2018-03-01

Incremental sheet forming is a versatile sheet metal forming process where a sheet metal is formed into its final shape by a series of localized deformation without a specialised die. However, it still has many shortcomings that need to be overcome such as geometric accuracy, surface roughness, formability, forming speed, and so on. This project focus on minimising the surface roughness of aluminium sheet and improving its thickness uniformity in incremental sheet forming via optimisation of wall angle, feed rate, and step size. Besides, the effect of wall angle, feed rate, and step size to the surface roughness and thickness uniformity of aluminium sheet was investigated in this project. From the results, it was observed that surface roughness and thickness uniformity were inversely varied due to the formation of surface waviness. Increase in feed rate and decrease in step size will produce a lower surface roughness, while uniform thickness reduction was obtained by reducing the wall angle and step size. By using Taguchi analysis, the optimum parameters for minimum surface roughness and uniform thickness reduction of aluminium sheet were determined. The finding of this project helps to reduce the time in optimising the surface roughness and thickness uniformity in incremental sheet forming.

Experimental investigation of anisotropy evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets under tensile loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tari, D. Ghaffari; Worswick, M. J.

2011-05-01

Increasing demand for lighter final products has created new opportunities for the application of new light weight materials. Due to high strength to density ratio and good magnetic resistance properties, magnesium alloys are good candidates to replace steel and aluminum for same application. However, limited numbers of active slip deformation mechanisms, result in a decreased formability at room temperature. Furthermore, wrought magnesium alloys have an initial crystallographic texture, remained from the prior rolling operations, which makes them highly anisotropic. In this paper, tensile tests are performed at room temperature and 200° C at different strain rates and orientations relative to the rolling direction, including rolling, 30°, 45°, 60° and transverse orientation. The strain rates adopted for these experiments varied from 0.001 to 1.0. The testing results show the effect of temperature on the strain rate sensitivity of AZ31 sheets. The extent of deformation is continuously recorded using two separate high temperature extensometers. The results of testing show an increase in the r-values with the plastic deformation. The strain rate sensitivity of AZ31 increased as the temperature was elevated. At higher strain rates the measured r-values are larger and the slope of its evolution with the plastic strain is steeper.

Seattle To Portland Inter-City ITS Corridor Study And Communications Plan, Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-03-01

THIS DOCUMENT IS THE FINAL REPORT PRESENTING THE SEATTLE TO PORTLAND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ITS) EARLY DEPLOYMENT PLAN. THE FINAL REPORT SYNTHESIZES INFORMATION FROM TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMS 1 THROUGH 5; INCLUDING EXISTING AND FUTURE CONDITI...

Benchmark Analysis of Career and Technical Education in Lenawee County. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollenbeck, Kevin

The career and technical education (CTE) provided in grades K-12 in the county's vocational-technical center and 12 local public school districts of Lenawee County, Michigan, was benchmarked with respect to its attention to career development. Data were collected from the following sources: structured interviews with a number of key respondents…

International Project on Technical and Vocational Education (UNEVOC). International Advisory Committee (Third Session, Paris, France, October 2-4, 1995). Final Report = Projet International pour l'Enseignement Technique et Professionnel (UNEVOC). Comite Consultatif International (Troisieme Session, Paris, France, 2-4 octobre 1995). Rapport Final.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).

The international advisory committee of the International Project on Technical and Vocational Education (UNEVOC) held its third session in Paris in October 1995. Advisory committee members and observers from the United Nations' specialized, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental organizations reviewed the major UNEVOC project activities undertaken…

International Project on Technical and Vocational Education (UNEVOC). International Advisory Committee (Second Session, Paris, France, December 12-14, 1994). Final Report = Projet International pour l'Enseignement Technique et Professionnel (UNEVOC). Comite Consultatif International (Deuxieme Session, Paris, France, 12-14 decembre 1994). Rapport Final.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).

The international advisory committee of the International Project on Technical and Vocational Education (UNEVOC) held its second session in Paris in December 1994. Nine advisory committee members and observers from the United Nations' specialized, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental organizations reviewed the major UNEVOC project activities…

Final Technical Report for ARRA Funding

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rusack, Roger; Mans, Jeremiah; Poling, Ronald

Final technical report of the University of Minnesota experimental high energy physics group for ARRA support. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Experiment (CDMS) used the funds received to construct a new passive shield to protect a high-purity germanium detector located in the Soudan mine in Northern Minnesota from cosmic rays. The BESIII and the CMS groups purchased computing hardware to assemble computer farms for data analysis and to generate large volumes of simulated data for comparison with the data collected.

Making a Difference in the Lives of Infants and Toddlers and Their Families: The Impacts of Early Head Start. Volumes I-III: Final Technical Report [and] Appendixes [and] Local Contributions to Understanding the Programs and Their Impacts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Love, John M.; Kisker, Ellen Eliason; Ross, Christine M.; Schochet, Peter Z.; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne; Paulsell, Diane; Boller, Kimberly; Constantine, Jill; Vogel, Cheri; Fuligni, Alison Sidle; Brady-Smith, Christy

Early Head Start was designed in 1994 as a 2-generation program to enhance children's development and health, strengthen family and community partnerships, and support the staff delivering new services to low-income families with pregnant women, infants, or toddlers. This document contains the final technical report, appendixes, and local…

International Project on Technical and Vocational Education (UNEVOC). International Advisory Committee (First Session, Berlin, Germany, September 20-22, 1993). Final Report = Projet International pour l'Enseignement Technique et Professionnel (UNEVOC). Comite Consultatif International (Premiere Session, Berlin, Germany, 20-22 septembre 1993). Rapport Final.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).

The international advisory committee of the International Project on Technical and Vocational Education (UNEVOC) held its first session in Berlin in September 1993. The advisory committee's 10 members and observers from the United Nations' specialized, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental organizations discussed educational policy, links between…

Illinois Clean Coal Institute 2005 annual report. Final technical report for the period September 1st, 2004, through August 31, 2005 on projects funded by the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

2005-11-08

This final technical report contains the abstracts and executive summaries of projects funded through the Illinois Clean Coal Institute solicitation entitled 'Request for proposals No. 04-1(ICCI/RFP04-1)'. Support of these projects is by the Office of Coal Development and Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity. The projects fall into the following categories: advanced coal mining technologies; coal preparation and coal production business practice; management of coal combustion byproducts; commercialization and technology transfer. Final project extensions are also recorded.

Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2): Final Rule Additional Resources

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The final rule of fuels and fuel additives: renewable fuel standard program is published on March 26, 2010 and is effective on July 1, 2010. You will find the links to this final rule and technical amendments supporting this rule.

75 FR 48273 - Technical Service Provider Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-10

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Natural Resources Conservation Service 7 CFR Part 652 RIN 0578-AA48 Technical Service Provider Assistance AGENCY: Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. ACTION: Final rule; Correcting amendment. SUMMARY: The Natural Resources...

Partial Withdrawal and Final Rule for Nonroad Technical Amendments

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Amendments to the technical hardship provisions under the Transition Program for Equipment Manufacturers related to the Tier 4 standards for nonroad diesel engines, and to the replacement engine exemption generally applicable to new nonroad engines.

Glass formability of high T(sub c) Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaukler, William F.

1992-01-01

A number of compositions of ceramic oxide high T(sub c) superconductors were evaluated for their glass formation ability by means of rapid thermal analysis during quenching, optical and electron microscopy of the quenched samples, and with subsequent DSC measurements. Correlations between experimental measurements and the methodical composition changes identified the formulations of superconductors that can easily form glass. The superconducting material was first formed as a glass, then with subsequent devitrification it was formed into bulk crystalline superconductor by a series of processing methods.

A Pilot Program to Provide Ownership Skills to Seniors in the Vocational Technical Schools and Other Educational Institutions, Year Two. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norwich Regional Vocational Technical School, CT.

Responding to a Small Business Administration statement that technical school graduates lack knowledge of business principles, the Norwich (Connecticut) Regional Vocational Technical School conducted a course in small business ownership/management for all of its seniors. The required course, a fifty-four-hour module, replaced one English,…

A Case Study of Technical Assistance to Demonstration Programs for Young Handicapped Children. Part III.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Behr, Shirley K.; And Others

The report describes the third and final year of a 3-year case study of the technical assistance process as implemented by the Technical Assistance Development System (TADS) for the staffs of two demonstration programs for preschool handicapped children and their families. Following a review of TADS and the two demonstration programs, the…

Chemical Durability Improvement and Static Fatigue of Glasses.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-01

Afl-Alla 837 RENSSELAER POLYIECmfJ!C INST TRtOY NY DEPT OF MATERIAL--ETC F/6 ii/ CHEMICAL DURABILITY IMPROVEMENT AND STATIC FATIGUE OF GLASSESW AUC2...82 M TOMOZAWA NOGGIN 7A-C-0315 UNC LASS IF IED N ENEEEEEE FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT For the period April 1, 1978 "u March 31, 198200 CHEMICAL DURABILITY...REPORT A PERIOD COVERED Chemical Durability Improvement and Static Final Technical Report Fatiue o GlasesApril 1, 1978"’,March 31, 1982 S. PERFORMING ORG

Experimental Program Final Technical Progress Report: 15 February 2007 to 30 September 2012

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kinney, Edward R.

2014-09-12

This is the final technical report of the grant DE-FG02-04ER41301 to the University of Colorado at Boulder entitled "Intermediate Energy Nuclear Physics" and describes the results of our funded activities during the period 15 February 2007 to 30 September 2012. These activities were primarily carried out at Fermilab, RHIC, and the German lab DESY. Significant advances in these experiments were carried out by members of the Colorado group and are described in detail.

Final Technical Report - Center for Technology for Advanced Scientific Component Software (TASCS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sussman, Alan

2014-10-21

This is a final technical report for the University of Maryland work in the SciDAC Center for Technology for Advanced Scientific Component Software (TASCS). The Maryland work focused on software tools for coupling parallel software components built using the Common Component Architecture (CCA) APIs. Those tools are based on the Maryland InterComm software framework that has been used in multiple computational science applications to build large-scale simulations of complex physical systems that employ multiple separately developed codes.

Iowa Hill Pumped Storage Project Investigations - Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanson, David

2016-07-01

This Final Technical Report is a summary of the activities and outcome of the Department of Energy (DOE) Assistance Agreement DE-EE0005414 with the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). The Assistance Agreement was created in 2012 to support investigations into the Iowa Hill Pumped-storage Project (Project), a new development that would add an additional 400 MW of capacity to SMUD’s existing 688MW Upper American River Hydroelectric Project (UARP) in the Sierra Nevada mountains east of Sacramento, California.

Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS1): Final Rule Additional Resources

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The final rule of fuels and fuel additives: renewable fuel standard program is published on May 1, 2007 and is effective on September 1, 2007. You will find the links to this final rule and technical amendments supporting this rule.

Assurance Penalty Level Analysis Final Rule TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) supports EPA’s determination that the final Transport Rule’s assurance provision penalty requirement provides sufficient deterrence against a state exceeding its assurance level.

Final Rule for Technical Amendments to the Highway and Nonroad Diesel Regulations

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This action corrects errors and omissions from the previous rules, makes minor changes to the regulations to assist entities with regulatory compliance, and makes technical amendments that resulted from discussions with various diesel stakeholders.

Final priority. Rehabilitation Training: Job-Driven Vocational Rehabilitation Technical Assistance Center. Final priority.

PubMed

2014-08-19

The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services announces a priority under the Rehabilitation Training program to establish a Job-Driven Vocational Rehabilitation Technical Assistance Center (JDVRTAC). The Assistant Secretary may use this priority for competitions in fiscal year (FY) 2014 and later years. We take this action to focus on training in an area of national need. Specifically, this priority responds to the Presidential Memorandum to Federal agencies directing them to take action to address job-driven training for the Nation's workers. The JDVRTAC will provide technical assistance (TA) to State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies to help them develop for individuals with disabilities training and employment opportunities that meet the needs of today's employers.

NASA's Pursuit of Low-Noise Propulsion for Low-Boom Commercial Supersonic Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bridges, James; Brown, Clifford A.; Seidel, Jonathan A.

2018-01-01

Since 2006, when the Fundamental Aeronautics Program was instituted within NASA's Aeronautics Mission Directorate, there has been a Project looking at the technical barriers to commercial supersonic flight. Among the barriers is the noise produced by aircraft during landing and takeoff. Over the years that followed, research was carried out at NASA aeronautics research centers, often in collaboration with academia and industry, addressing the problem. In 2013, a high-level milestone was established, described as a Technical Challenge, with the objective of demonstrating the feasibility of a low-boom supersonic airliner that could meet current airport noise regulations. The Technical Challenge was formally called "Low Noise Propulsion for Low Boom Aircraft", and was completed in late 2016. This paper reports the technical findings from this Technical Challenge, reaching back almost 10 years to review the technologies and tools that were developed along the way. It also discusses the final aircraft configuration and propulsion systems required for a supersonic civilian aircraft to meet noise regulations using the technologies available today. Finally, the paper documents the model-scale tests that validated the acoustic performance of the study aircraft.

NASA's Pursuit of Low-Noise Propulsion for Low-Boom Commercial Supersonic Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bridges, James; Brown, Clifford A.; Seidel, Jonathan

2018-01-01

Since 2006, when the Fundamental Aeronautics Program was instituted within NASA's Aeronautics Mission Directorate, there has been a Project looking at the technical barriers to commercial supersonic flight. Among the barriers is the noise produced by aircraft during landing and takeoff. Over the years that followed, research was carried out at NASA aeronautics research centers, often in collaboration with academia and industry, addressing the problem. In 2013, a high-level milestone was established, described as a Technical Challenge, with the objective of demonstrating the feasibility of a low-boom supersonic airliner that could meet current airport noise regulations. The Technical Challenge was formally called a Low Noise Propulsion for Low Boom Aircraft and was completed in late 2016. This paper reports the technical findings from this Technical Challenge, reaching back almost 10 years to review the technologies and tools that were developed along the way. It also discusses the final aircraft configuration and propulsion systems required for a supersonic civilian aircraft to meet noise regulations using the technologies available today. Finally, the paper documents the model-scale tests that validated the acoustic performance of the study aircraft.

Final Revisions Rule State Budgets and New Unit Set-Asides TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This technical support document shows the underlying data and calculations used to quantify the state budget revisions and new unit set-aside revisions made in the final revisions rule, as well as those revisions included in the direct final revisions rule

77 FR 37284 - Technical Amendments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-21

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Office of Workers' Compensation Programs 20 CFR Parts 701, 702, 703, 725, and 726 RIN 1240-AA05 Technical Amendments AGENCY: Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Labor. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Office of Workers' Compensation Programs is making [[Page 37285

Vehicle infrastructure integration proof of concept : technical description--vehicle : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-05-19

This report provides the technical description of the VII system developed for the Cooperative Agreement VII Program between the USDOT and the VII Consortium. The basic architectural elements are summarized and detailed descriptions of the hardware a...

NetView technical research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

This is the Final Technical Report for the NetView Technical Research task. This report is prepared in accordance with Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL) item A002. NetView assistance was provided and details are presented under the following headings: NetView Management Systems (NMS) project tasks; WBAFB IBM 3090; WPAFB AMDAHL; WPAFB IBM 3084; Hill AFB; McClellan AFB AMDAHL; McClellan AFB IBM 3090; and Warner-Robins AFB.

Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions from on-road vehicles in Midwestern USA States and integrated approach to achieving environmental sustainability in transportation : USDOT Region V Regional University Transportation Center final report : technical su

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-29

Two project objectives one technical and one educational- were laid out in this project. The technical objective was to assess current inventory of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the six Midwestern states of the nation and to estimate improvements as ...

Emissions Inventory Final Rule TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This technical support document (TSD) provides the details of emissions data processing done in support of EPA's final rulemaking effort for the Federal Transport Rule, now known as the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule.

Fundamental studies on a novel die concept for round-point shear-clinching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hörhold, Réjane; Müller, Martin; Merklein, Marion; Meschut, Gerson

2016-10-01

A newly-developed round-point shear-clinching technology could increase the use of different materials like well formable aluminium and hardly formable ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS). This innovative technology joins in a single-stage process without any pilot-hole, surface pre-treatment or auxiliary joining part. The combination of an inner and outer punch realises an indirect cutting operation of the die-sided material, whereas the punch-sided material remains unharmed. The current die-sided tool set acts as a cutting die and enables a radial extrusion of the punch-sided material after being drawn though the created hole in the UHSS. The die has a fixed die depth. After ejecting the joined components, the slug has to be removed from the top of the spring-loaded anvil. The novel die concept investigated in this paper offers the possibility to push the slug continuously through the die in the joining direction. The removed slugs remain inside the die, so manual removal is unnecessary. The one-parted tool is supposed to be more robust than the multi-parted one that is currently used. This paper represents the task to evaluate the geometry of a useful shear-clinching die concept. To reduce the experimental effort, FEM should assist the development of the most promising approach. To quantify the success, conventional shear-clinching with opening die acts as a reference. The results show the high potential and the raison d'être of shear-clinching technologies as a mechanical joining technology for future multimaterial applications especially for UHSS.

Recent Developments in the Formability of Aluminum Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banabic, Dorel; Cazacu, Oana; Paraianu, Liana; Jurco, Paul

2005-08-01

The paper presents a few recent contributions brought by the authors in the field of the formability of aluminum alloys. A new concept for calculating Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) using the finite element method is presented. The article presents a new strategy for calculating both branches of an FLD, using a Hutchinson - Neale model implemented in a finite element code. The simulations have been performed with Abaqus/Standard. The constitutive model has been implemented using a UMAT subroutine. The plastic anisotropy of the sheet metal is described by the Cazacu-Barlat and the BBC2003 yield criteria. The theoretical predictions have been compared with the results given by the classical Hutchinson - Neale method and also with experimental data for different aluminum alloys. The comparison proves the capability of the finite element method to predict the strain localization. A computer program used for interactive calculation and graphical representation of different Yield Loci and Forming Limit Diagrams has also been developed. The program is based on a Hutchinson-Neale model. Different yield criteria (Hill 1948, Barlat-Lian and BBC 2003) are implemented in this model. The program consists in three modules: a graphical interface for input, a module for the identification and visualization of the yield surfaces, and a module for calculating and visualizing the forming limit curves. A useful facility offered by the program is the possibility to perform the sensitivity analysis both for the yield surface and the forming limit curves. The numerical results can be compared with experimental data, using the import/export facilities included in the program.

Texture evolution during thermomechanical processing in rare earth free magnesium alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Victoria Mayne

The use of wrought magnesium alloys is highly desirable for a wide range of applications where low component weight is desirable due to the high specific strength and stiffness the alloys can achieve. However, the implementation of wrought magnesium has been hindered by the limited room temperature formability which typically results from deformation processing. This work identifies opportunities for texture modification during thermomechanical processing of conventional (rare earth free) magnesium alloys via a combination of experimental investigation and polycrystal plasticity simulations. During deformation, it is observed that a homogeneous distribution of coarse intermetallic particles efficiently weakens deformation texture at all strain levels, while a highly inhomogeneous particle distribution is only effective at high strains. The particle deformation effects are complemented by the addition of alkaline earth solute, which modifies the relative deformation mode activity. During recrystallization, grains with basal orientations recrystallize more readily than off-basal grains, despite similar levels of internal misorientation. Dislocation substructure investigations revealed that this is a result of enhanced nucleation in the basal grains due to the dominance of prismatic slip. This dissertation identifies avenues to enhance the potential formability of magnesium alloys during thermomechanical processing by minimizing the evolved texture strength. The following are the identified key aspects of microstructural control: -Maintaining a fine grain size, likely via Zener pinning, to favorably modify deformation mode activity and homogenize deformation. -Developing a coarse, homogeneously distributed population of coarse intermetallic particles to promote a diffuse deformation texture. -Minimizing the activity of prismatic slip to retard the recrystallization of grains with basal orientations, allowing the development of a more diffuse recrystallization texture.

Recent Developments in the Formability of Aluminum Alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Banabic, Dorel; Paraianu, Liana; Jurco, Paul

The paper presents a few recent contributions brought by the authors in the field of the formability of aluminum alloys. A new concept for calculating Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) using the finite element method is presented. The article presents a new strategy for calculating both branches of an FLD, using a Hutchinson - Neale model implemented in a finite element code. The simulations have been performed with Abaqus/Standard. The constitutive model has been implemented using a UMAT subroutine. The plastic anisotropy of the sheet metal is described by the Cazacu-Barlat and the BBC2003 yield criteria. The theoretical predictions have beenmore » compared with the results given by the classical Hutchinson - Neale method and also with experimental data for different aluminum alloys. The comparison proves the capability of the finite element method to predict the strain localization. A computer program used for interactive calculation and graphical representation of different Yield Loci and Forming Limit Diagrams has also been developed. The program is based on a Hutchinson-Neale model. Different yield criteria (Hill 1948, Barlat-Lian and BBC 2003) are implemented in this model. The program consists in three modules: a graphical interface for input, a module for the identification and visualization of the yield surfaces, and a module for calculating and visualizing the forming limit curves. A useful facility offered by the program is the possibility to perform the sensitivity analysis both for the yield surface and the forming limit curves. The numerical results can be compared with experimental data, using the import/export facilities included in the program.« less

Transportation Network Data Requirements for Assessing Criticality for Resiliency and Adaptation Planning

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-11-01

This report is one of two NCST Research Report documents produced as part of a project to advance the technical modeling tools for resiliency and adaptation planning, especially those used for criticality rankings. The official final technical report...

Comment Deadlines Established Regarding the LightSquared Technical Working Group Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-30

On June 30, 2011, LightSquared Subsidiary LLC (LightSquared) submitted a final report of the : technical working group co-chaired by LightSquared and the United States Global Positioning System : (GPS) Industry Council (USGIC)1 and organized in respo...

Technical report on prototype intelligent network flow optimization (INFLO) dynamic speed harmonization and queue warning.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

This Technical Report on Prototype Intelligent Network Flow Optimization (INFLO) Dynamic Speed Harmonization and Queue Warning is the final report for the project. It describes the prototyping, acceptance testing and small-scale demonstration of the ...

NUSC Technical Publications Guide.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-01

Facility personnel especially that of A. Castelluzzo, E. Deland, J. Gesel , and E. Szlosek (all of Code 4343). Reviewed and Approved: 14 July 1980 D...their technical content and format. Review and approve the manual outline, the review manuscript, and the final camera - reproducible copy. Conduct in

Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update Allowance Allocation Final Rule TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) provides information that supports EPA’s determination of unit-level allocations for existing and new units under the final Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update.

Guidelines for producing training films and videos.

PubMed

Harper, P B

1991-01-01

Drawing from experience in producing a film on the surgical procedure of female sterilization, 4 guidelines to technical film production for training purposes are presented and discussed in this paper. In order of presentation in the text, the paper 1st encourages identifying and securing a technical expert, then clearly identifying steps of the technical procedure, involving trainees and trainers in the production process, and working with experienced producers, scriptwriters, and crew members. Returning to the 1st guideline, the technical advisor will have a central presence during all photography and editing, and ideally should not have any personal investment in the procedure being shown. Prior to script finalization and sorting, research is urged to ensure concrete procedural steps. Printed materials, slides, interviews of experienced clinicians, procedure observation, and test videotape shooting may be called upon and employed as parts of the research phase. Trainees should participate during preliminary research, script development, and pretesting of early film versions, their suggestions for change incorporated where appropriate in the final version. On the final point of securing experienced workers, country nationals sensitive to relevant cultural and background dynamics should be included in the team. The special concerns of airport security regulation and customs requirements knowledge are essential, as well as their attention to assuring adequate on-site electricity for camera equipment.

Northeast Corridor Improvement Project Electrification - New Haven, CT to Boston, MA : Final Environmental Statement/Report : v. 2. Technical Studies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-10-31

This document is the final environmental impact statement and final environmental impact report (FEIS/R) on the proposal by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) to complete the electrification of the Northeast Corridor main line by ex...

Health care fraud and abuse data collection program: technical revisions to Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank data collection activities. Final rule.

PubMed

2004-09-21

The rule finalizes technical changes to the Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank (HIPDB) data collection reporting requirements by clarifying the types of personal numeric identifiers that may be reported to the data bank in connection with adverse actions. The rule clarifies that in lieu of a Social Security Number (SSN), an individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN) may be reported to the data bank when, in those limited situations, an individual does not have an SSN.

Recovery Act-SmartGrid regional demonstration transmission and distribution (T&D) Infrastructure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hedges, Edward T.

This document represents the Final Technical Report for the Kansas City Power & Light Company (KCP&L) Green Impact Zone SmartGrid Demonstration Project (SGDP). The KCP&L project is partially funded by Department of Energy (DOE) Regional Smart Grid Demonstration Project cooperative agreement DE-OE0000221 in the Transmission and Distribution Infrastructure application area. This Final Technical Report summarizes the KCP&L SGDP as of April 30, 2015 and includes summaries of the project design, implementation, operations, and analysis performed as of that date.

Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sobecky, Patricia A; Taillefert, Martial

This final technical report describes results and findings from a research project to examine the role of microbial phosphohydrolase enzymes in naturally occurring subsurface microorganisms for the purpose of promoting the immobilization of the radionuclide uranium through the production of insoluble uranium phosphate minerals. The research project investigated the microbial mechanisms and the physical and chemical processes promoting uranium biomineralization and sequestration in oxygenated subsurface soils. Uranium biomineralization under aerobic conditions can provide a secondary biobarrier strategy to immobilize radionuclides should the metal precipitates formed by microbial dissimilatory mechanisms remobilize due to a change in redox state.

Waveguide Studies for Fiber Optics and Optical Signal Processing Applications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

AO-A086 115 UNI!VERtSIT? OF SOUTIUR CALEPCRNA LOS AMUSS / 5 WAVGUIDE STUIES15 FOR FEB53 OpTECS AND OpTICAL SEOSA.o P /0Ksu-y "/6 UNLSIIDAPR N0 E...SAMUE Flola-??-c-sa UNCASZFIORAC-M-8042 U Final Technical Report (1 1April 1950 L V ~ WAVEGUIDE STUDIES FOR FIBER OPTICS AND OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING...and Subtitle) 081 6&4𔃾JODO )EI YAVECUIDESTUDIES FOR JIBER OPTICS ANDL 7 Final ,T/echnical epoErt, OPTICAL SI’tNAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS.4 11 Se 77

SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION (SDI). VOLUME I, PILOT TEST AT U.S. ARMY NATICK LABORATORIES. FINAL REPORT. ARMY TECHNICAL LIBRARY IMPROVEMENT STUDIES (ATLIS), REPORT NO. 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BIVONA, WILLIAM A.

THIS VOLUME PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF A NINE-MONTH TEST OF A PROTOTYPE SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION (SDI) SYSTEM DEVELOPED FOR THE ARMY TECHNICAL LIBRARIES. DURING THE PILOT TEST ONE THOUSAND DOCUMENTS WERE CATALOGED, INDEXED, AND DISSEMINATED TO TWENTY-FIVE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL. MATCHING OF THE INTEREST PROFILES OF THESE…

Ceramic High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter Final Report CRADA No. TC02160.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mitchell, M.; Bergman, W.

2017-08-25

The technical objective of this project was to develop a ceramic HEPA filter technology, by initially producing and testing coupon ceramics, small scale prototypes, and full scale prototype HEPA filters, and to address relevant manufacturing and commercialization technical issues.

7 CFR 614.6 - Agency records and decision notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... notifies participants of the agency's preliminary and final technical determinations and program decisions... decision notice within 10 working days of rendering a technical determination or program decision. In lieu of certified mail, NRCS may hand deliver notices to participants with written acknowledgment of...

ECOS E-MATRIX Methane and Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) Emissions Best Practices Database

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parisien, Lia

2016-01-31

This final scientific/technical report on the ECOS e-MATRIX Methane and Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) Emissions Best Practices Database provides a disclaimer and acknowledgement, table of contents, executive summary, description of project activities, and briefing/technical presentation link.

77 FR 18914 - National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS): Technical Corrections

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-29

... 1121-AA79 National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS): Technical Corrections AGENCY... (OJP) is promulgating this direct final rule for its National Motor Vehicle Title Information System... INFORMATION CONTACT paragraph. II. Background The National Motor Vehicle Title Information System was...

Intelligent transportation system (ITS) study for the Buffalo and Niagara Falls metropolitan area, Erie and Niagara Counties, New York : final report, technical summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-06-18

This document provides a technical summary for the seven working papers prepared for the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) Buffalo and Niagara Falls Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Study.

77 FR 8095 - Technical Corrections to Commission Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 18 CFR Part 2 [Docket No. RM11-30-000; Order No. 756] Technical Corrections to Commission Regulations Issued February 8, 2012. AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, DOE. ACTION: Final rule: correcting amendment. SUMMARY: This document adds...

78 FR 13543 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-28

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Acquisition Regulations System 48 CFR Parts 201, 204, 215, 225, 227, 242, 245, and 252 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments AGENCY: Defense Acquisition Regulations System, Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: DoD is...

Alternatives for Jet Engine Control. Volume 1: Modelling and Control Design with Jet Engine Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sain, M. K.

1985-01-01

This document compiles a comprehensive list of publications supported by, or related to, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NSG-3048, entitled "Alternatives for Jet Engine Control". Dr. Kurt Seldner was the original Technical Officer for the grant, at Lewis Research Center. Dr. Bruce Lehtinen was the final Technical Officer. At the University of Notre Dame, Drs. Michael K. Sain and R. Jeffrey Leake were the original Project Directors, with Dr. Sain becoming the final Project Director. Publications cover work over a ten-year period. The Final Report is divided into two parts. Volume i, "Modelling and Control Design with Jet Engine Data", follows in this report. Volume 2, "Modelling and Control Design with Tensors", has been bound separately.

48 CFR 252.235-7011 - Final scientific or technical report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... technical report. 252.235-7011 Section 252.235-7011 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... of the report; and (c) For submission of reports in other than paper copy, contact the Defense...

48 CFR 252.235-7011 - Final scientific or technical report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... technical report. 252.235-7011 Section 252.235-7011 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... of the report; and (c) For submission of reports in other than paper copy, contact the Defense...

48 CFR 252.235-7011 - Final scientific or technical report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... technical report. 252.235-7011 Section 252.235-7011 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... of the report; and (c) For submission of reports in other than paper copy, contact the Defense...

48 CFR 252.235-7011 - Final scientific or technical report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... technical report. 252.235-7011 Section 252.235-7011 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... of the report; and (c) For submission of reports in other than paper copy, contact the Defense...

48 CFR 252.235-7011 - Final scientific or technical report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... technical report. 252.235-7011 Section 252.235-7011 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... of the report; and (c) For submission of reports in other than paper copy, contact the Defense...

Vocational Outreach Involving Community Exchange (VOICE). Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huckabee, Johnni

A Jonesboro, Arkansas project was designed and implemented to increase the awareness of vocational education, increase community support and involvement in vocational education, and establish improved communication in the vocational-technical education field. Interaction between the vocational-technical school and the local school community was a…

The effect of welding line heat-affected-zone on the formability of tube hydroforming process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

ChiuHuang, Cheng-Kai; Hsu, Cheng-En; Lee, Ping-Kun

2016-08-01

Tube hydroforming has been used as a lightweight design approach to reduce CO2 emission for the automotive industry. For the high strength steel tube, the strength and quality of the welding line is very important for a successful tube hydroforming process. This paper aims to investigate the effect of the welding line's strength and the width of the heat-affected zone on the tube thinning during the hydroforming process. The simulation results show that both factors play an important role on the thickness distribution during the tube expansion.

Improvement of mechanical behaviors of a superlight Mg-Li base alloy by duplex phases and fine precipitates

DOE PAGES

Zou, Yun; Zhang, Lehao; Li, Yang; ...

2017-12-06

Limitations of strength and formability are the major obstacles to the industrial application of magnesium alloys. Here, we demonstrate, by producing the duplex phases and fine intermetallic particles in composition-optimized superlight Mg-Li-Al alloys, a unique approach to simultaneously improve the comprehensive mechanical properties (a strength-ductility balance). In conclusion, the phase components and microstructures, including the size, morphology, and distribution of precipitated-intermetallic particles can be optimized by tuning the Li content, which strongly influences the work-hardening behavior and tension-compression yield asymmetry.

Increasing the Robustness of the Sheet Metal Forming Simulation by the Prediction of the Forming Limit Band

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banabic, D.; Vos, M.; Paraianu, L.; Jurco, P.

2007-05-01

The experimental research on the formability of metal sheets has shown that there is a significant dispersion of the limit strains in an area delimited by two curves: a lower curve (LFLC) and an upper one (UFLC). The region between the two curves defines the so-called Forming Limit Band (FLB). So far, this forming band has only been determined experimentally. In this paper the authors suggested a method to predict the Forming Limit Band. The proposed method is illustrated on the AA6111-T43 aluminium alloy.

A comparison of deformation and failure behaviors of AZ31 and E-form Mg alloys under V-bending test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Shi-Hoon; Singh, Jaiveer; Kim, Min-Seong; Yoon, Jeong-Whan

2016-08-01

Deformation and failure behaviors of magnesium (Mg) alloys (AZ31 and E-form) were investigated using V-bending test. Formability of these Mg alloys was discussed in terms of minimum bending radius. Microtexture evolution in the deformed Mg alloys was examined via electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. Two level simulation technique which combined continuum finite element method (FEM) and crystal plasticity FEM successfully simulated the microtexture evolution in Mg alloys during V-bending test. The effect of deformation twinning on the failure in Mg alloys was also examined.

Nonlinear friction model for servo press simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Ninshu; Sugitomo, Nobuhiko; Kyuno, Takunori; Tamura, Shintaro; Naka, Tetsuo

2013-12-01

The friction coefficient was measured under an idealized condition for a pulse servo motion. The measured friction coefficient and its changing with both sliding distance and a pulse motion showed that the friction resistance can be reduced due to the re-lubrication during unloading process of the pulse servo motion. Based on the measured friction coefficient and its changes with sliding distance and re-lubrication of oil, a nonlinear friction model was developed. Using the newly developed the nonlinear friction model, a deep draw simulation was performed and the formability was evaluated. The results were compared with experimental ones and the effectiveness was verified.

Surface modification of titanium and titanium alloys by ion implantation.

PubMed

Rautray, Tapash R; Narayanan, R; Kwon, Tae-Yub; Kim, Kyo-Han

2010-05-01

Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in biomedical devices and components, especially as hard tissue replacements as well as in cardiac and cardiovascular applications, because of their desirable properties, such as relatively low modulus, good fatigue strength, formability, machinability, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, titanium and its alloys cannot meet all of the clinical requirements. Therefore, to improve the biological, chemical, and mechanical properties, surface modification is often performed. In view of this, the current review casts new light on surface modification of titanium and titanium alloys by ion beam implantation. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hole expansion test of third generation steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agirre, Julen; Mendiguren, Joseba; Galdos, Lander; de Argandoña, Eneko Sáenz

2017-10-01

The trend towards the implementation of new materials in the chassis of the automobiles is considerably making more complex the manufacturing of the components that built it up. In this scenario materials with higher strengths and lower formabilities are daily faced by tool makers and component producers what reduces the process windows and makes the forming processes to be in the limits of the materials. One of the concerns that tool makers must face during the definition of the tools is the expansion ratios that the holes in the sheet may reach before producing a breakage due to the stretching of the material (also known as edge cracks). For the characterization of such limits, a standard test, the hole expansion test, can be applied so that the limits of the material are known. At the present study, hole expansion tests of a third generation steel, Fortiform1050 with a thickness of 1.2 millimeters have been carried out and compared them to a mild steel, DX54D with a thickness of 0.6 millimeters. A comparison for each material in terms of technology used to punch the hole, mechanical punching vs laser cutting has also been conducted. In addition, the measurement technique (online measurement vs offline measurement) followed in the Hole Expansion Ratio (HER) identification has also been analyzed. Finally, differences between both materials and techniques are presented.

Numerical simulation of high speed incremental forming of aluminum alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giuseppina, Ambrogio; Teresa, Citrea; Luigino, Filice; Francesco, Gagliardi

2013-12-01

In this study, an innovative process is analyzed with the aim to satisfy the industrial requirements, such as process flexibility, differentiation and customizing of products, cost reduction, minimization of execution time, sustainable production, etc. The attention is focused on incremental forming process, nowadays used in different fields such as: rapid prototyping, medical sector, architectural industry, aerospace and marine, in the production of molds and dies. Incremental forming consists in deforming only a small region of the workspace through a punch driven by a NC machine. SPIF is the considered variant of the process, in which the punch gives local deformation without dies and molds; consequently, the final product geometry can be changed by the control of an actuator without requiring a set of different tools. The drawback of this process is its slowness. The aim of this study is to assess the IF feasibility at high speeds. An experimental campaign will be performed by a CNC lathe with high speed to test process feasibility and the influence on materials formability mainly on aluminum alloys. The first results show how the material presents the same performance than in conventional speed IF and, in some cases, better material behavior due to the temperature field. An accurate numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the material behavior during the high speed process substantially confirming experimental evidence.

Development of a procedure for forming assisted thermal joining of tubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Hui; Löbbe, Christian; Staupendahl, Daniel; Tekkaya, A. Erman

2018-05-01

With the demand of lightweight design in the automotive industry, not only the wall-thicknesses of tubular components of the chassis or spaceframe are continuously decreased. Also the thicknesses of exhaust system parts are reduced to save material and mass. However, thinner tubular parts bring about additional challenges in joining. Welding or brazing methods, which are utilized in joining tubes with specific requirements concerning leak tightness, are sensitive to the gap between the joining partners. Furthermore, a large joining area is required to ensure the durability of the joint. The introduction of a forming step in the assembled state prior to thermal joining can define and control the gap for subsequent brazing or welding. The mechanical pre-joint resulting from the previously described calibration step also results in easier handling of the tubes prior to thermal joining. In the presented investigation, a spinning process is utilized to produce force-fit joints of varying lengths and diameter reduction and form-fit joints with varying geometrical attributes. The spinning process facilitates a high formability and geometrical flexibility, while at the achievable precision is high and the process forces are low. The strength of the joints is used to evaluate the joint quality. Finally, a comparison between joints produced by forming with subsequent brazing and original tube is conducted, which presents the high performance of the developed procedure for forming assisted thermal joining.

King County Metro Transit Hybrid Articulated Buses: Final Evaluation Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chandler, K.; Walkowicz, K.

2006-12-01

Final technical report compares and evaluates new diesel and diesel hybrid-electric articulated buses operated as part of the King County Metro Transit (KC Metro) fleet in Seattle, Washington. The evaluation lasted 12 months.

78 FR 1143 - Explosive Siting Requirements; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... launch site operators in site planning for the storage and handling of energetic liquids and explosives...: For technical questions concerning this final rule, contact Yvonne Tran, Commercial Space... this final rule, contact Laura Montgomery, AGC 200, [[Page 1144

Final June Revisions Rule State Budgets and New Unit Set-Asides TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This technical support document (TSD) for the final revisions to the Transport Rule shows the underlying data and calculations used to quantify the state budget revisions and new unit set-aside revisions.

Department of Defense Access to Intellectual Property for Weapon Systems Sustainment

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-01

and acquiring technical data rights …  The cost benefit analysis of including a priced contract option for the future delivery of technical data...entail in terms of cost and benefits , while one of the activities to be finalized is the contract-specific technical data elements.66...Virginia 22311-1882 May 2017 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. IDA Paper P-8266 Log: H 17-000030 About This Publication This

10 CFR 51.92 - Supplement to the final environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... changes in the proposed action that are relevant to environmental concerns; or (2) There are new and..., technical, and other benefits and costs of the proposed action, to the extent that the final environmental... costs; (5) Include an analysis of other energy alternatives, to the extent that the final environmental...

Dissemination of Continuing Education Materials Via Television Delivery Systems. Final Technical Report and Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munushian, Jack

In 1972, the University of Southern California School of Engineering established a 4-channel interactive instructional television network. It was designed to allow employees of participating industries to take regular university science and engineering courses and special continuing education courses at or near their work locations. Final progress…

The role of non-technical skills in surgery

PubMed Central

Agha, Riaz A.; Fowler, Alexander J.; Sevdalis, Nick

2015-01-01

Non-technical skills are of increasing importance in surgery and surgical training. A traditional focus on technical skills acquisition and competence is no longer enough for the delivery of a modern, safe surgical practice. This review discusses the importance of non-technical skills and the values that underpin successful modern surgical practice. This narrative review used a number of sources including written and online, there was no specific search strategy of defined databases. Modern surgical practice requires; technical and non-technical skills, evidence-based practice, an emphasis on lifelong learning, monitoring of outcomes and a supportive institutional and health service framework. Finally these requirements need to be combined with a number of personal and professional values including integrity, professionalism and compassionate, patient-centred care. PMID:26904193

75 FR 16345 - Administrative Practices and Procedures; Good Guidance Practices; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-01

.... FDA-1999-N-3539] (formerly Docket No. 1999N-4783) Administrative Practices and Procedures; Good Guidance Practices; Technical Amendment AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Final rule... Subjects in 21 CFR Part 10 Administrative practice and procedure, News media. 0 Therefore, under the...

Final report : for the period of December 1999 through November 30, 2000 : Florida Transit Training Program (1999/2000) : Florida Technical Assistance Program (1999/2000)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

The following progress report is intended to highlight the significant activities of the Florida Transit Training Program and Florida Technical Assistant Program. The following progress report is intended to highlight the significant activities of th...

78 FR 34264 - Technical Corrections to the HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Enforcement Rules

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-07

...-AA03 Technical Corrections to the HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Enforcement Rules AGENCY: Office for... corrections address certain inadvertent errors and omissions in the HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Enforcement... (HHS or ``the Department'') published a final rule to implement changes to the HIPAA Privacy, Security...

76 FR 11414 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Independent Research and Development Technical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

... Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Independent Research and Development Technical Descriptions (DFARS Case... (DFARS) to require contractors to report independent research and development (IR&D) projects generating... the address shown below on or before May 2, 2011, to be considered in the formation of the final rule...

Professional Personnel Evaluation System: 1983-84 Final Technical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doss, David A.

This technical report summarizes the evaluation ratings given to professionals on probation or up for contract renewal in the Austin Independent School District. Graphs, tables, and rankings are presented for each specified population: all district teachers combined; teachers by school level (elementary, junior high, senior high); teachers by…

High School Graduation Minimum Competency Requirements. Final Technical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Austin Independent School District, TX. Office of Research and Evaluation.

This technical report details the testing results and analyses supporting the evaluation findings related to the Austin (Texas) Independent School District (AISD) minimum competency graduation requirements. The graduation competency status of all AISD students in grades 8 to 12 are documented. The report provides additional information on the data…

76 FR 16531 - Technical Correction for Neurological Listing Cross-Reference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... 1-800-325-0778, or visit our Internet site, Social Security Online, at http://www.socialsecurity.gov... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 20 CFR Part 404 [Docket No. SSA-2011-0019] RIN 0960-AH33 Technical Correction for Neurological Listing Cross-Reference AGENCY: Social Security Administration. ACTION: Final...

Improving Vocational Education in Post-High School Institutions. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacArthur, Earl W.

Four ongoing programs in postsecondary vocational-technical education were examined in a national institute attended by 59 representatives from 31 states. Institutions reporting programs were: (1) Los Angeles Trade and Technical College, California, (2) Washtenaw Community College, Ann Arbor, Michigan, (3) Rockingham Community College, Wentworth,…

Chicago Manufacturing Tech Prep. Fiscal Year 1991 Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chicago City Colleges, IL.

During its first year of development in 1991, the Chicago Manufacturing Technical Preparation (Tech Prep) Program established a plan for implementing an industry-driven, articulated 4-year manufacturing technology course of study that integrates applied academic courses with technical courses and meets industry hiring standards. The project…

78 FR 29239 - Final Priority; Technical Assistance To Improve State Data Capacity-National Technical Assistance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-20

... reporting requirements. Changes: None. Focus TA on Assessment and Discipline Data Comment: Three commenters agreed with the importance of focusing on assessment and discipline data, and two commenters agreed with... decisions and actions associated with data collection and reporting. One commenter stated that assessment...

Modular Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) Program. Final technical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-12-31

Section 2.0 of this report summarizes the MOD-RTG reference flight design, and Section 3.0 discusses the Ground Demonstration System design. Multicouple technology development is discussed in Section 4.0, and Section 5.0 lists all published technical papers prepared during the course of the contract.

Methodology in Seeking Stakeholder Perceptions of Effective Technical Oral Presentations: An Exploratory Pilot Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhattacharyya, Ena; Patil, Arun; Sargunan, Rajeswary Appacutty

2010-01-01

Engineering communication studies indicate the importance of oral presentations as an indispensable component of workplace oral communication activities; however, since there is limited literature regarding stakeholder perceptions of effective presentation skills and attributes in technical oral presentations or final year engineering project…

Additional Final Area Designations and Technical Amendment for the 2012 Annual Fine Particle Standard Established in 2012 - Mar 2015

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is establishing or revising initial area designations and a technical amendment to correct an inadvertent error in the initial designation for one area for the 2012 annual national ambient air quality standards for fine particle pollution.

75 FR 41404 - List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: NUHOMS®

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-16

.... The NRC is taking this action because the applicant identified that a certain Technical Specification (TS) for Boral characterization was not written precisely. Specifically, the requirements for meeting... changes to the technical specifications. The NRC also published a direct final rule on May 6, 2010 (75 FR...

Research in Automatic Russian-English Scientific and Technical Lexicography. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI.

Techniques of reversing English-Russian scientific and technical dictionaries into Russian-English versions through semi-automated compilation are described. Sections on manual and automatic processing discuss pre- and post-editing, the task program, updater (correction of errors and revision by specialist in a given field), the system employed…

National Data Program for the Marine Environment Technical Development Plan. Final Report, Volume Two.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

System Development Corp., Santa Monica, CA.

A national data program for the marine environment is recommended. Volume 2 includes: (1) objectives, scope, and methodology; (2) summary of the technical development plan; (3) agency development plans - Great Lakes and coastal development and (4) marine data network development plans. (Author)

Course of Study Project. Final Report. Vocational-Technical Education Departmental Report, Vol. 17, No. 18.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Div. of Occupational and Vocational Studies.

Designed for use by area vocational-technical schools and other vocational programs, this project developed courses of study in eight occupational areas: commercial art, appliance repair, automotive mechanics, graphic arts, building trades maintenance, building construction trades, diesel mechanics, and welding. Course-of-study development…

Seminar for Preparation of Professional Personnel for Vocational-Technical Education. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dillon, Roy D.; Horner, James T.

Seminar participants included college administrative officers, state vocational education directors, vocational-technical teacher educators, and Office of Education staff. The purpose of the June, 1968 seminar was to consider strategies for resolving critical vocational education personnel supply and demand problems. Presentations included in the…

75 FR 33167 - Technical Amendment Language Change From “Wholly” to “Fully”

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-11

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 20 CFR Parts 404, 405, 408, 416, and 418 [Docket No. SSA-2009-0062] RIN 0960-AH16 Technical Amendment Language Change From ``Wholly'' to ``Fully'' AGENCY: Social Security... these final rules, call Brian J. Rudick, Office of Regulations, Social Security Administration, 6401...

76 FR 58144 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Presumption of Development Exclusively at...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-20

... technical data package, in cases where the Government may have funded only a small portion of the... subcontractor's asserted restrictions on technical data and computer software. DATES: Effective date: September... data and computer software. More specifically, the final rule affects these validation procedures in...

75 FR 49408 - Navigation and Navigable Waters; Technical, Organizational, and Conforming Amendments, Bridges

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-13

... Conforming Amendments, Bridges AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule makes non... technical corrections to Coast Guard bridge and navigable waters regulations. This rule will have no... announces or gathers public opinion or other information regarding bridge matters, nor will it change the...

Research in network management techniques for tactical data communications networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boorstyn, R.; Kershenbaum, A.; Maglaris, B.; Sarachik, P.

1982-09-01

This is the final technical report for work performed on network management techniques for tactical data networks. It includes all technical papers that have been published during the control period. Research areas include Packet Network modelling, adaptive network routing, network design algorithms, network design techniques, and local area networks.

A System for Evaluating Microcomputer Courseware for Vocational and Technical Education. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chase, Shirley A.; And Others

A project was conducted to design a system for evaluating microcomputer courseware for vocational and technical education. Through a literature review and contacts with organizations and individuals involved in courseware evaluation and use, project staff identified and acquired for review documents pertaining to courseware evaulation, vocational…

Final Technical Report, Wind Generator Project (Ann Arbor)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geisler, Nathan

A Final Technical Report (57 pages) describing educational exhibits and devices focused on wind energy, and related outreach activities and programs. Project partnership includes the City of Ann Arbor, MI and the Ann Arbor Hands-on Museum, along with additional sub-recipients, and U.S. Department of Energy/Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). Report relays key milestones and sub-tasks as well as numerous graphics and images of five (5) transportable wind energy demonstration devices and five (5) wind energy exhibits designed and constructed between 2014 and 2016 for transport and use by the Ann Arbor Hands-on Museum.

Final Technical Report- Virginia Solar Pathways Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bond, Katharine; Cosby, Sarah

This Report provides a technical review of the final results of a funding award to Virginia Electric and Power Company (Dominion Energy Virginia (DEV) or the Company) for a project under the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office. The three-year project was formally known as the Virginia Solar Pathways Project (VSPP or the Project). The purpose of the VSPP was to develop a collaborative utility-administered solar strategy (Solar Strategy) for DEV’s service territory in the Commonwealth that could serve as a replicable model for other states with similar policy environments.

M-X Environmental Technical Report. Socioeconomic Impact Estimates for White Pine County, Nevada. Detailed Tables.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-22

8217AP0A095 772 HENNINGSON DURHAM AND RICHARDSON SANTA BARBARA CA F/G 16/1 B-B ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL REPORT. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT ESTIMA--ETC(U) DEC... Environmental Technical Reports,. 53ocioeconctnic’ Final r1eport Impact . Estimates for White Pine County, Nevada. ____________ Detailed Tables 6. PERFORMING...background information for the analysis contained in the M-X Deploment Area Selection and Land Withirawal/Acquisition Draft Environmental Impact Statement

Optical fiber sensors for materials and structures characterization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lindner, D. K.; Claus, R. O.

1991-01-01

The final technical report on Optical Fiber Sensors for Materials and Structures Characterization, covering the period August 1990 through August 1991 is presented. Research programs in the following technical areas are described; sapphire optical fiber sensors; vibration analysis using two-mode elliptical core fibers and sensors; extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer development; and coatings for fluorescent-based sensor. Research progress in each of these areas was substantial, as evidenced by the technical publications which are included as appendices.

A joint university-government technical editing program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stohrer, Freda F.; Pinelli, Thomas E.

1978-01-01

The NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) and Old Dominion University have designed a mutually useful technical editing program. A university team made up of an English instructor and two graduate students - one from English, one from engineering - works with a senior editor from LaRC to prepare technical reports for publication. A round-robin technique gives the university team editorial commentary from both language and technical specialists; the senior editor from LaRC supervises reports through final publication. To date, the system has provided LaRC with a respectable product and university students with valuable on-the-job training.

Possibilities for specific utilization of material properties for an optimal part design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beier, T.; Gerlach, J.; Roettger, R.; Kuhn, P.

2017-09-01

High-strength, cold-formable steels offer great potential for meeting cost and safety requirements in the automotive industry. In view of strengths of up to 1200 MPa now attainable, certain aspects need to be analysed and evaluated in advance in the development process using these materials. In addition to early assessment of crash properties, it is also highly important to adapt the forming process to match the material potential. The steel making companies have widened their portfolios of cold-rolled dual-phase steels well beyond the conventional high-strength steels. There are added new grades which offer a customized selection of high energy absorption, deformation resistance or enhanced cold-forming properties. In this article the necessary components for material modelling for finite element simulation are discussed. Additionally the required tests for material model calibration are presented and the potentials of the thyssenkrupp Steel material data base are introduced. Besides classical tensile tests at different angles to rolling direction and the forming limit curve, the hydraulic bulge test is now available for a wide range of modern steel grades. Using the conventional DP-K®60/98 and the DP-K®700Y980T with higher yield strength the method for calibrating yield locus, hardening and formability is given. With reference to the examples of an A-pillar reinforcement and different crash tests the procedure is shown how the customer can evaluate an optimal steel grade for specific requirements. Although the investigated materials have different yield strengths, no large differences in the forming process between the two steel grades can be found. However some advantages of the high-yield grade can be detected in crash performance depending on the specific boundary and loading conditions.

The relationships between residual stress relaxation and texture development in AZ31 Mg alloys via the vibratory stress relief technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Jia-Siang, E-mail: andy304312003@yahoo.com.tw; Hsieh, Chih-Chun, E-mail: jeromehsieh@gmail.com; Lai, Hsuan-Han, E-mail: g099066020@mail.nchu.edu.tw

2015-01-15

A systematic study of residual stress relaxation and the texture evolution of cold-rolled AZ31 Mg alloys using the vibratory stress relief technique with a simple cantilever beam vibration system was performed using a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer and a portable X-ray residual stress analyzer. The effects of vibrational stress excitation on the surface residual stress distribution and on the texture of pole figures (0002) occurring during the vibratory stress relief were examined. Compared with the effects corresponding to the same alloy under non-vibration condition, it can be observed that the uniform surface residual stress distribution and relaxation of the compressive residualmore » stress in the stress concentration zone were observed rather than all of the residual stresses being eliminated. Furthermore, with an increase in the vibrational aging time, the compressive residual stress, texture density, and (0002) preferred orientation increased first and then decreased. It should be underlined that the vibratory stress relief process for the vibrational aging time of more than 10 min is able to weaken the strong basal textures of AZ31 Mg alloys, which is valuable for enhancement of their formability and is responsible for an almost perfect 3D-Debye–Scherrer ring. - Highlights: • 3D-Debye ring about VSR technique is not discussed in the existing literature. • A newly developed VSR method is suitable for small or thin workpieces. • The cosα method accurately and effectively determines the residual stresses. • The VSR technique is valuable for enhancement of their formability. • The texture and preferred orientation change with the vibrational aging time.« less

Mature Programs of Study: Examining Policy Implementation at the Local Level. Final Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alfeld, Corinne; Bhattacharya, Sharika

2013-01-01

The 2006 Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act required that all career technical education (CTE) programs offer secondary to postsecondary programs of study (POS), which integrate rigorous academics, offer dual enrollment options, and lead to an industry-recognized degree or credential. Focused on improving students' transition to…

75 FR 37722 - OMB Approvals Under the Paperwork Reduction Act; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-30

... since its last update. B. Why is this Technical Amendment Issued as a Final Rule? The information... provisions since the last update of this table. The paperwork burden associated with these new provisions was... amendment updates the table that lists the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) control numbers issued...

United States Air Force Training Line Simulator. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nauta, Franz; Pierce, Michael B.

This report describes the technical aspects and potential applications of a computer-based model simulating the flow of airmen through basic training and entry-level technical training. The objective of the simulation is to assess the impacts of alternative recruit classification and training policies under a wide variety of assumptions regarding…

Final recovery plan of the southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus)

Treesearch

Deborah M. Finch; Stephen I. Rothstein; Jon C. Boren; William L. Graf; Jerry L. Holechek; Barbara E. Kus; Robert M. Marshall; Molly M. Pohl; Susan J. Sferra; Mark K. Sogge; Julie C. Stromberg; Bradley A. Valentine; Mary J. Whitfield; Sartor O. Williams

2002-01-01

The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Recovery Team is composed of a Technical Subgroup (pg. ii), six Implementation Subgroups (Appendix A), and a Tribal Working Group. The Technical Subgroup consists of 14 academic scientists, researchers, and resource managers with a wide range of expertise in avian biology and ecology, southwestern willow flycatcher ecology, cowbird...

Local/State Bilingual Project. 1981-82 Final Technical Report. Appendixes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Austin Independent School District, TX. Office of Research and Evaluation.

The 1981-82 Local/State Bilingual Program Technical Report addresses the evaluation questions of the Local/State Bilingual Program Evaluation Design. It is organized into six appendixes. Each appendix reports the information collected by a specific measure. Each appendix consists of (1) an instrument description, (2) purpose of the measure, (3)…

77 FR 26444 - Revisions to Final Response To Petition From New Jersey Regarding SO2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-04

... modeling or other technical analyses and no new analyses were necessary to make the revisions. III. Public... this modeling approach. Therefore, no new technical analyses or any changes to the modeling are...) modeling analysis submitted with the September 2010 petition identified NAAQS violations at receptors in...

77 FR 45282 - NRC Position on the Relationship Between General Design Criteria and Technical Specification...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-31

..., are described in the final safety analysis report (FSAR). The staff safety evaluation documents the acceptability of these analyses, and it is the combination of the FSAR analyses and the staff safety evaluation... analysis, maintain their capability to perform their safety functions. Technical Specification Operability...

A Dissemination Model for New Technical Education Programs. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hull, Daniel M.

The Technical Education Research Center-SW has conceived, tested, and refined a model for disseminating newly developed programs and materials throughout the nation. The model performed successfully in the dissemination of more than 50,000 educational units (modules) of Laser/Electro-Optics Technician (LEOT) materials during a four-year period…

75 FR 28499 - Medical Certification Requirements as Part of the Commercial Driver's License (CDL); Technical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-21

... Driver's License (CDL); Technical, Organizational, and Conforming Amendments AGENCY: Federal Motor... ``medical examiner's license or certificate number'' to refer to the number on a medical examiner's license... examiner qualifies him or her to drive. This inconsistency has been clarified in today's final rule so that...

A Simulation of DNA Sequencing Utilizing 3M Post-It[R] Notes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christensen, Doug

2009-01-01

An inexpensive and equipment free approach to teaching the technical aspects of DNA sequencing. The activity described requires an instructor with a familiarity of DNA sequencing technology but provides a straight forward method of teaching the technical aspects of sequencing in the absence of expensive sequencing equipment. The final sequence…

Installation and Assimilation of Educational Innovations in Vocational/Technical Programs in Post-Secondary Institutions. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Appel, Victor H.; Roueche, John E.

The factors which contribute to the successful installation and assimilation of educational innovations were examined in relation to vocational/technical programs in eight post-secondary institutions. About 555 instructors, administrators, and non-teaching professional staff were surveyed regarding the level and extent of use of individualized…

Final Technical Report on the Institute for Advanced Study in Student Personnel Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callis, Robert

This document reports the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a 9-month institute held at the University of Missouri-Columbia to prepare participants (approximately 20) for leadership positions in student personnel work at junior colleges and technical institutes. The following aspects of the instructional program are discussed and…

Demonstration and Research Program for Teaching Young String Players. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yarborough, William

This report explains a system for rapidly training beginning students in the technical aspects of playing a stringed instrument. The program also affords them a well-rounded, basic knowledge of music. A "numerical" method of notation and concentrated muscular exercises greatly speeded the technical learning process. The daily coordination of ear…

Troubleshooting Instruction in Vocational-Technical Education Via Dynamic Simulation. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finch, Curtis R.

This study was designed to examine the feasibility of using simulation as a means of teaching vocational-technical students to detect and identify malfunctions in selected electrical and mechanical systems. A dynamic simulator was employed which features interchangeable panels and logic that permits the simulation of electrical or mechanical…

Special Project for Research Training in Vocational Education: Research Training Series. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vivian, Neal E.

To upgrade research and research utilization competence of vocational educators, The Center for Vocational and Technical Education and The American Vocational Association planned four 1-week research training programs on: (1) Planning Vocational/Technical Education Programs Based on Manpower Research, (2) Patterns of Career Development as Applied…

78 FR 4030 - Designation of Low-Income Status; Acceptance of Secondary Capital Accounts by Low-Income...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-18

... writing that it wishes to accept the designation. The final rule extends an FCU's response time from 30..., nonsubstantive technical amendments to NCUA's requirements for insurance regulation to reflect current agency... requirements for insurance regulation. These technical corrections are necessary to reflect current agency...

SURVEY OF INFORMATION ON VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. FINAL REPORT.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corplan Associates, Chicago, IL. Technology Center.

THE BASIC OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY WAS TO GATHER INFORMATION HELPFUL IN PLANNING AND DEVELOPING VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION PRIMARILY WITHIN THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. OCCUPATIONAL NEEDS WERE IDENTIFIED FROM FORECASTS OF CHANGES IN CURRENT OCCUPATIONS, AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS, AND…

75 FR 47211 - Navigation and Navigable Waters; Technical, Organizational, and Conforming Amendments, Sector...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-05

... Puget Sound, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule makes non-substantive... technical corrections to reflect the renaming of Sector Seattle to Sector Puget Sound as part of the Coast... organizational structure. Sector Seattle has been disestablished and Sector Puget Sound has been established in...

Statewide Curriculum Articulation Project for Vocational-Technical Education in Minnesota. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burger, Laura J.; And Others

The goal of this project was to develop, validate, and utilize a process for vertically articulating curriculum between secondary and post secondary levels of vocational technical education throughout the state of Minnesota. Procedures involved the identification of two areas of staff responsibility: research and development, and service to local…

Delivery of Instruction via Television. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Board of Vocational, Technical, and Adult Education, Madison.

During 1985, the Wisconsin Board of Vocational, Technical, and Adult Education (VTAE) expanded its delivery of instruction via television. Approximately 3,000 persons at 170 sites throughout the United States and Canada participated in the VTAE's Technical School of the Air. In addition to delivering six to eight courses per semester, the network…

O*NET Final Technical Report. Volume I [and] Volume II [and] Volume III.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Norman G.; Mumford, Michael D.; Borman, Walter C.; Jeanneret, P. Richard; Fleishman, Edwin A.; Levin, Kerry Y.

This document contains the three volumes of the technical report for development of the prototype of the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), which is intended to replace the "Dictionary of Occupational Titles.""General Introduction" (Norman G. Peterson) presents an overview of O*NET's purpose, content, and structure.…

78 FR 34920 - Technical Amendments To Reflect the Authorizing Legislation of the Institute of Museum and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-11

... NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES Institute of Museum and Library Services 45 CFR... Museum and Library Services AGENCY: Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), NFAH. ACTION: Technical amendment; final rule. SUMMARY: The Institute of Museum and Library amends its grants regulations...

Final report on technical work accomplished under contract NASw-2953

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fredricks, R. W.

1977-01-01

A report is given on the technical work accomplished in the area of plasma physics. The subjects covered are: (1) oblique whistler instabilities, (2) current-limited electron beam injection, (3) three-dimensional ion sound turbulence, (4) theoretical aspects of sounder antenna operation and (5) whistler modes in bow shock structures.

Development of German-English Machine Translation System. Final Technical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lehmann, Winfred P.; Stachowitz, Rolf A.

This report describes work on a pilot system for a fully automatic, high-quality translation of German scientific and technical text into English and gives the results of an experiment designed to show the system's capability to produce quality mechanical translation. The areas considered were: (1) grammar formalism, mainly involving the addition…

The Independent Technical Analysis Process Final Report 2006-2007.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duberstein, Corey; Ham, Kenneth; Dauble, Dennis

2007-03-01

The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) contracted with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to provide technical analytical support for system-wide fish passage information (BPA Project No. 2006-010-00). The goal of this project was to produce rigorous technical analysis products using independent analysts and anonymous peer reviewers. This project provided an independent technical source for non-routine fish passage analyses while allowing routine support functions to be performed by other well-qualified entities. The Independent Technical Analysis Process (ITAP) was created to provide non-routine analysis for fish and wildlife agencies and tribes in particular and the public in general on matters related tomore » juvenile and adult salmon and steelhead passage through the mainstem hydrosystem. The process was designed to maintain the independence of analysts and reviewers from parties requesting analyses, to avoid potential bias in technical products. The objectives identified for this project were to administer a rigorous, transparent process to deliver unbiased technical assistance necessary to coordinate recommendations for storage reservoir and river operations that avoid potential conflicts between anadromous and resident fish. Seven work elements, designated by numbered categories in the Pisces project tracking system, were created to define and accomplish project goals as follows: (1) 118 Coordination - Coordinate technical analysis and review process: (a) Retain expertise for analyst/reviewer roles. (b) Draft research directives. (c) Send directive to the analyst. (d) Coordinate two independent reviews of the draft report. (e) Ensure reviewer comments are addressed within the final report. (2) 162 Analyze/Interpret Data - Implement the independent aspects of the project. (3) 122 Provide Technical Review - Implement the review process for the analysts. (4) 132 Produce Annual Report - FY06 annual progress report with Pisces Disseminate (5) 161 Disseminate Raw/Summary Data and Results - Post technical products on the ITAP web site. (6) 185-Produce Pisces Status Report - Provide periodic status reports to BPA. (7) 119 Manage and Administer Projects - project/contract administration.« less

Site Operator technical report. Final report (1992--1996)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-12-01

The Southern California Edison Company (SCE) and the US Department of Energy (DOE) entered into cooperative agreement No. DE-FC07-91ID13077 on August 23, 1991, which expired on August 3, 1996. This cooperative agreement provided SCE with DOE cofunding for participation in the DOE`s Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Site Operator Program. In return, SCE provided the DOE with quarterly progress reports which include operating and maintenance data for the electric (EVs) vehicles in SCE`s fleet. Herein is SCE`s final report for the 1992 to 1996 agreement period. As of September 1, 1996 the SCE fleet had 65 electric vehicles in service. Amore » total of 578,200 miles had been logged. During the agreement period, SCE sent the DOE a total of 19 technical reports (Appendix B). This report summarizes the technical achievements which took place during a long, productive and rewarding, relationship with the DOE.« less

7 CFR 1944.419 - Final grantee evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.419 Final grantee... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS..., application, this regulation, and any amendments. (a) This is a quantitative evaluation of the grantee to...

ECLSS medical support activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crump, William J.; Kilgore, Melvin V., Jr.

1991-01-01

During the period from April 10, 1990 to April 9, 1991, the Consortium for the Space Life Sciences provided technical assistance to the NASA/MSFC water recovery efforts. This assistance was in the form of literature reviews, technical recommendations, and presentations. This final report summarizes the activities completed during this period and identifies those areas requiring additional efforts. The tasks which the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) water recovery team addressed were either identified by MSFC technical representatives or chosen from those outlined in the subject statement of work.

Switching gears and changing lanes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hammock, Earlene C.

2002-01-01

From musing over Shakespeare's fine lines and metaphors to teaching technical writing and editing, and finally, to cranking out scientific and technical documents, writing articles, and editing publications-how'd a nice girl like me end up in a place like this? Twice, after having prepared for an academic career of teaching and research, I found myself in a technical communications position-first, at the University of Texas at El Paso College of Engineering and later, at Los Alamos National Laboratory. What happened?

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper 32: A new era in international technical communication: American-Russian collaboration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flammia, Madelyn; Barclay, Rebecca O.; Pinelli, Thomas E.; Keene, Michael L.; Burger, Robert H.; Kennedy, John M.

1993-01-01

Until the recent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party exerted a strict control of access to and dissemination of scientific and technical information (STI). This article presents models of the Soviet-style information society and the Western-style information society and discusses the effects of centralized governmental control of information on Russian technical communication practices. The effects of political control on technical communication are then used to interpret the results of a survey of Russian and U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists concerning the time devoted to technical communication, their collaborative writing practices and their attitudes toward collaboration, the kinds of technical documents they produce and use, their views regarding the appropriate content for an undergraduate technical communication course, and their use of computer technology. Finally, the implications of these findings for future collaboration between Russian and U.S. engineers and scientists are examined.

NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. XXXII - A new era in international technical communication: American-Russian collaboration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flammia, Madelyn; Barclay, Rebecca O.; Pinelli, Thomas E.; Keene, Michael L.; Burger, Robert H.; Kennedy, John M.

1993-01-01

Until the recent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party exerted a strict control of access to and dissemination of scientific and technical information. This article presents models of the Soviet-style information society and the Western-style information society and discusses the effects of centralized governmental control of information on Russian technical communication practices. The effects of political control on technical communication are then used to interpret the results of a survey of Russian and U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists concerning the time devoted to technical communication, their collaborative writing practices and their attitudes toward collaboration, the kinds of technical documents they produce and use, their views regarding the appropriate content for an undergraduate technical communication course, and their use of computer technology. Finally, the implications of these findings for future collaboration between Russian and U.S. engineers and scientists are examined.

High strength, low carbon, dual phase steel rods and wires and process for making same

DOEpatents

Thomas, Gareth; Nakagawa, Alvin H.

1986-01-01

A high strength, high ductility, low carbon, dual phase steel wire, bar or rod and process for making the same is provided. The steel wire, bar or rod is produced by cold drawing to the desired diameter in a single multipass operation a low carbon steel composition characterized by a duplex microstructure consisting essentially of a strong second phase dispersed in a soft ferrite matrix with a microstructure and morphology having sufficient cold formability to allow reductions in cross-sectional area of up to about 99.9%. Tensile strengths of at least 120 ksi to over 400 ksi may be obtained.

Effect of Hydraulic Pressure on Warm Hydro Mechanical Deep Drawing of Magnesium Alloy Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Wei; Wu, Linzhi; Yuan, Shijian

The uniaxial tensile test and hydraulic bulging test of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were applied to study the influence of temperature on the material properties and obtain the forming limit curves at different temperatures. Numerical simulations of warm hydro mechanical deep drawing were carried out to investigate the effect of hydraulic pressure on the formability of a cylindrical cup, and the simplified hydraulic pressure profiles were used to simulate the loading procedure of hydraulic pressure. The optimal hydraulic pressure at different temperatures were given and verified by experimental studies at temperature 100°C and 170V.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yamanaka, Masashi; Dohmae, Takeshi; Hocker, Andy

We are developing the manufacturing method for superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities by using a hydroforming instead of using conventional electron beam welding. We expect higher reliability and reduced cost with hydroforming. For successful hydroforming, high-purity seamless niobium tubes with good formability as well as advancing the hydroforming technique are necessary. Using a seamless niobium tube from ATI Wah Chang, we were able to successfully hydroform a 1.3 GHz three-cell TESLA-like cavity and obtained an Eacc of 32 MV/m. A barrel polishing process was omitted after the hydroforming. The vertical test was carried out with very rough inside surface. Wemore » got amazing and interesting result.« less

THE BALLISTICS OF A RIBBON COMPOSITE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larcombe, J.; Morley, M.; Earp, S.

2009-12-28

The impact behaviour of composites is of great importance in the field of aerospace and vehicle protection. The combination of formability, lightness and strength make composite systems attractive compared to equivalent monolithic systems. However, their use as optical components has been hampered by their lack of transparency. Transparency is strongly affected by refractive index differences in the materials that form the composite. In this study a number of ribbon-based composites were produced. The impact velocity, sample deformation during the impact process and residual impactor velocity were measured. This allowed comparison between the materials ballistic efficiency. The materials are then comparedmore » to other transparent systems.« less

Flexible polymeric rib waveguide with self-align couplers system

PubMed Central

Huang, Cheng-Sheng; Wang, Wei-Chih

2011-01-01

The authors report a polymeric based rib waveguide with U shape self-align fiber couplers system using a simple micromolding process with SU8 as a molding material and polydimethysiloxane as a waveguide material. The material is used for its good optical transparency, low surface tension, biocompatibility, and durability. Furthermore, the material is highly formable. This unique fabrication molding technique provides a means of keeping the material and manufacturing costs to a minimum. The self-align fiber couplers system also proves a fast and simple means of light coupling. The flexible nature of the waveguide material makes this process ideal for a potential wearable optical sensor. PMID:22171151

Optimization of a Tube Hydroforming Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abedrabbo, Nader; Zafar, Naeem; Averill, Ron; Pourboghrat, Farhang; Sidhu, Ranny

2004-06-01

An approach is presented to optimize a tube hydroforming process using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) search method. The goal of the study is to maximize formability by identifying the optimal internal hydraulic pressure and feed rate while satisfying the forming limit diagram (FLD). The optimization software HEEDS is used in combination with the nonlinear structural finite element code LS-DYNA to carry out the investigation. In particular, a sub-region of a circular tube blank is formed into a square die. Compared to the best results of a manual optimization procedure, a 55% increase in expansion was achieved when using the pressure and feed profiles identified by the automated optimization procedure.

Comparing Laser Welding Technologies with Friction Stir Welding for Production of Aluminum Tailor-Welded Blanks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hovanski, Yuri; Carsley, John; Carlson, Blair

2014-01-15

A comparison of welding techniques was performed to determine the most effective method for producing aluminum tailor-welded blanks for high volume automotive applications. Aluminum sheet was joined with an emphasis on post weld formability, surface quality and weld speed. Comparative results from several laser based welding techniques along with friction stir welding are presented. The results of this study demonstrate a quantitative comparison of weld methodologies in preparing tailor-welded aluminum stampings for high volume production in the automotive industry. Evaluation of nearly a dozen welding variations ultimately led to down selecting a single process based on post-weld quality and performance.

Communication Platform Payload Definition (CPPD) study. Volume 2: Technical report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hunter, E. M.; Driggers, T.; Jorasch, R.

1986-01-01

This is Volume 2 (Technical Report) of the Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation Final Report for the Communication Platform Payload Definition (CPPD) Study program conducted for NASA Lewis Research Center under contract No. NAS3-24235. This report presents the results of the study effort leading to five potential platform payloads to service CONUS and WARC Region 2 traffic demand as projected to the year 2008. The report addresses establishing the data bases, developing service aggregation scenarios, selecting and developing 5 payload concepts, performing detailed definition of the 5 payloads, costing them, identifying critical technology, and finally comparing the payloads with each other and also with non-aggregated equivalent services.

Best Practices for Continuous Monitoring of Temperature and Flow in Wadeable Streams (Final Report)

EPA Science Inventory

This final report is a technical "best practices" document describing sensor deployment for and collection of continuous temperature and flow data at ungaged sites in wadeable streams. This document addresses questions related to equipment needs; configuration, placement, and ins...

Hazardous Waste Management System - Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste - Recycled Used Oil Management Standards - Federal Register Notice, May 3, 1993

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This action corrects several technical errors and provides clarifying amendments to the final recycled used oil management standards rule. The final rule was published on September 10, 1992 (57 FR 41566).

75 FR 6839 - Technical Service Provider Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-12

... Executive Order 12866, the Office of Management and Budget determined that this final rule is not a... or are eligible to participate in conservation programs to help them make land management decisions...: Covered Programs. The interim final rule incorporated reference to the Agricultural Management Assistance...

Charlotte Circle Outreach. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calhoun, Mary Lynne; Rose, Terry L.; Prendergast, Donna

This final report details the activities of the Charlotte Circle Outreach, a program designed to provide technical assistance and training to early intervention programs offering services to infants and young children with substantial disabilities, ages birth through two years. This mission was accomplished through cooperative planning with…

Determination of the Biologically Relevant Sampling Depth for Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessments (Final Report)

EPA Science Inventory

The Ecological Risk Assessment Support Center (ERASC) announced the release of the final report, Determination of the Biologically Relevant Sampling Depth for Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessments. This technical paper provides defensible approximations fo...

A Program of Technical Assistance to Industry in Twenty-Six Mississippi Counties and the Choctaw Indian Reservation. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Jane; Sewell, Charles

A broad technical assistance program has been established in 25 EDA (Economic Development Administration) contract counties and on the Choctaw Indian Reservation Nashoba County) to stimulate new job opportunities by solving operational problems which limit the expansion and diversification of existing industry; professional services in evaluating…

For Work-Force Training, a Plan to Give College Credit Where It's Due

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sander, Libby

2008-01-01

After nearly three years of planning, Ohio's higher-education officials are finalizing an ambitious program to grant college credit for some technical courses offered at the state's adult-education centers. The program, called the Career-Technical Credit Transfer, is the latest in a string of state efforts to more closely link work-force training…

Improving the Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information: A Practitioner's Guide to Innovation. (Final Report).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Capital Systems Group, Inc., Rockville, MD.

The aim of this guide is to alert persons with an operational interest in scientific communication to new ideas, techniques, and equipment in the field of communication media and publications. The focus is on the dissemination of scientific information via the technical journal or its equivalent. Secondary dissemination of information such as…

Unified Technical Concepts--Phase II. Expand Application to Industrial Technologies and Adult Education. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technical Education Research Center, Waco, TX.

A project was conducted to develop a laboratory-based instructional system in physics for two-year technician programs that emphasizes both the analogies between basic physical principles and the applications of the principles in modern technology. The Unified Technical Concepts (UTC) system that was developed is (1) a reorganization of physics…

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT MEASURES FOR TRADE AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION. PROGRESS REPORT NUMBER THREE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BALDWIN, THOMAS S.

DURING THIS PERIOD FROM SEPTEMBER 1 THROUGH NOVEMBER 30, 1966, 35 FIELD CONSULTANTS COMPLETED ANALYSIS OF THEIR INDIVIDUAL TRADE AND TECHNICAL CURRICULUMS. THESE ANALYSES WERE DEVELOPED INTO AN OUTLINE TO SERVE AS A GUIDE FOR DEVELOPING ACHIEVEMENT TESTS. THE FINAL OUTLINE WAS DIVIDED INTO AS MANY DIFFERENT AREAS AS THE CONSULTANTS FELT NECESSARY…

Word Lists to Simplify Vocabulary of Technical Information. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kincaid, J. Peter; And Others

This report describes eight word lists developed for use as part of the computer readability editing system (CRES), which was developed to serve as an author's aid in improving the ease of comprehending Navy technical manuals and training materials. The system has features which flag uncommon and misspelled words and long sentences, suggest simple…

77 FR 1889 - Drivers of CMVs: Restricting the Use of Cellular Phones; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-12

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 49 CFR Part 391 [Docket No. FMCSA-2010-0096] RIN 2126-AB29 Drivers of CMVs: Restricting the Use of Cellular Phones; Technical... Cellular Phones final rule (76 FR 75470) had a clerical error in Sec. 391.15(f)(1) that stated ``paragraph...

27 Years of Impact: Vocational-Technical Education in Ohio. Final Annual Report under Federal Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Council on Vocational Education, Westerville.

The Ohio Council on Vocational Education (OCOVE) was created to strengthen the career, vocational, and technical education services provided for Ohioans as a practical, efficient, and sure way to enhance the competitiveness of individual workers and the state and national economy. Some of the accomplishments of OCOVE during its 27 years of…

Vocational-Technical Education Interface with Ohio's High Technology Business and Industrial Sector. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCormick, Robert W.

This study explored the relationship of vocational-technical educational institutions in Ohio with business and industry using high-technology applications. The study attempted to determine what high-technology applications will be adopted by Ohio's business and industry in the next 5 years, what experience the schools have had in working with…

National Institute of Statistical Sciences Data Confidentiality Technical Panel: Final Report. NCES 2011-608

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karr, Alan

2011-01-01

NCES asked the National Institute of Statistical Sciences (NISS) to convene a technical panel of survey and policy experts to examine the NCES current and planned data dissemination strategies for confidential data with respect to: mandates and directives that NCES make data available; current and prospective technologies for protecting and…

[Municipalities as a Model for New Careers and Redirection of Vocational-Technical Education Programs.] Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute for Local Self Government, Berkeley, CA.

To meet the manpower needs of local governments, the model developed for this project redirects national and technical education toward new careers programs. Designed by task forces of professional personnel, the model utilizes existing local government resources, including funds for new career activities. Accomplishments of the project include:…

Social Science Research Institutes in the Quality American University. Final Technical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Totman, Theodore L.

The technical report presents a chapter outline and thesis summary of an investigation of social science research institutes in American universities. The bulk of the report presents the thesis in four sections. Section I proposes a typology of organized social research units (OSRUs) in the 11 universities studied. Dimensions used to classify the…

Expanding Horizons: A Program for Students Entering Nontraditional Technical Occupations. PY95 Final Detailed Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Austin Community Coll., TX.

The Expanding Horizons Project at Austin Community College successfully achieved its goals for Project Year 1994-95. During the year, the project accomplished the following: raised public awareness of the need to overcome gender bias, promoted career opportunities in nontraditional technical occupations to more than 1,200 prospective students,…

Technical Assistance and Training from the Document Design Project. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC.

Contained in this report is a description of the technical assistance and training phase of the Document Design Project, a program funded by the National Institute of Education and intended to address and correct the readability problems posed by public documents. The first section of the report provides background material on the assistance and…

Determining and Validating Barriers to Post-Secondary Vocational, Technical and Adult Education Programs in Wisconsin. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farning, Max; Borden, Sally

A consortium of five Wisconsin Vocational, Technical, and Adult Education (VTAE) Districts (Gateway, Indianhead, Mid-State, Milwaukee, and Southwest) were utilized to identify, verify, and alleviate barriers to enrollment. A VTAE survey in 1976 identified six major reasons for individuals' failing to attend school after indicating an interest in…

Sociometric Clique Identification. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kadushin, Charles

This report consists of four parts. The first part is a non-technical summary of the basic problem and an attempted solution. The second part is a technical review of the literature and a description of the basic algorithm used in the solution. The third part describes the use of the Sociogram System. The fourth part describes the use of CHAIN, a…

An Assessment of Workplace Skills Acquired by Students of Vocational and Technical Education Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bakar, Ab Rahim; Mohamed, Shamsiah; Hamzah, Ramlah

2013-01-01

This study was performed to identify the employability skills of technical students from the Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) and Indigenous People's Trust Council (MARA) Skills Training Institutes (IKM) in Malaysia. The study sample consisted of 850 final year trainees of IKM and ITI. The sample was chosen by a random sampling procedure from…

Wisconsin Technical College System Board Equity Staff Development Workshops and Services--Phase IV. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baldus, Lorayne

A staff development program on gender equity was conducted for personnel in Wisconsin's technical colleges using the train-the-trainer method. The training took two approaches: a class for college personnel and career challenge training for project directors of single parent and displaced homemaker grants. The inservice class resulted in increased…

A Technical, User and Cost Comparison Study of Microfiche Duplicate Film Material. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prevel, James J.

A technical, user and cost comparison study was undertaken to provide the Educational Resources Information Clearinghouse (ERIC) staff with data on silver halide, diazo, and vesicular type films for microfiche duplication. This information will allow ERIC to determine if diazo and/or vesicular films should be considered in producing ERIC duplicate…

Chemical Frustration. A Design Principle for the Discovery of New Complex Alloy and Intermetallic Phases, Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fredrickson, Daniel C

2015-06-23

Final technical report for "Chemical Frustration: A Design Principle for the Discovery of New Complex Alloy and Intermetallic Phases" funded by the Office of Science through the Materials Chemistry Program of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences.

Technical support for geopressured-geothermal activities in Louisiana. Final geological report, 1 November 1981-31 October 1982

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pilger, R.H.

1984-06-25

This report contains the component Site-Specific Studies-Geophysics, Diagenesis, Geochemistry. Work for Site-Specific Studies is finished, and the results presented in this report are final. Individual studies have been entered separately into the data base. (ACR)

78 FR 54566 - Energy Labeling Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-05

... FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 16 CFR Part 305 RIN 3084-AB03 Energy Labeling Rule AGENCY: Federal Trade Commission. ACTION: Final rule; correction. SUMMARY: The Federal Trade Commission published a final rule on July 23, 2013 revising its Energy Labeling Rule. This document makes a technical correction to the...

Wyoming Deaf/Blind Grant. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitson, Joanne B.

This final report describes activities and accomplishments of the Wyoming Deaf-Blind Grant, a 3-year federally supported project to identify children who have deaf-blindness and to provide technical assistance in the development of educational services for these children. Major accomplishments of the project included: identification of more…

Control technology appendices for pollution control technical manuals. Final report, June 1982-February 1983

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1983-04-01

The document is one of six technical handbooks prepared by EPA to help government officials granting permits to build synfuels facilities, synfuels process developers, and other interested parties. They provide technical data on waste streams from synfuels facilities and technologies capable of controlling them. Process technologies covered in the manuals include coal gasification, coal liquefaction by direct and idirect processing, and the extraction of oil from shale. The manuals offer no regulatory guidance, allowing the industry flexibility in deciding how best to comply with environmental regulations.

NATO Scientific and Technical Information Service (NSTIS): functional description. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Molholm, K.N.; Blados, W.N.; Bulca, C.

1987-08-01

This report provides a functional description of the requirements for a NATO Scientific and Technical Information Service (NSTIS). The user requirements and much of the background information in this report were derived primarily from interviews with more than 60 NATO Headquarters staff members between 2 March and 25 March 1987. In addition, representatives of the Supreme Headquarters Applied Powers Europe (SHAPE) Technical Centre (STC), the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (Anti-Submarine Warfare Research) Centre (SACLANTCEN), the NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency (NACISA), The Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD), the U.S. Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), and themore » Technical Documentation Center for the Armed Forces in the Netherlands (TDCK), were interviewed, either in person or by telephone.« less

Job Skills Education Program. Final Technical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Educational Technology.

This publication provides materials developed by a project designed to transfer a U.S. Army computer-based basic skills curriculum to applications in the vocational skills development of civilian adults. An executive summary of the final report describes the Job Skills Education Program (JSEP), which teaches academic skills that support vocational…

The Vocational Education Component of the Rhode Island Educational Management Information System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galamaga, Donald P.; Bartolomeo, Paul A.

The document describes the implementation (Phase Two) of the Vocational Educational module--one component of an educational management information system. Phase Two entails the technical effort of final system design, final output specifications, edit specifications, system software selection, computer programing, systems documentation and the…

Services for Children with Deaf-Blindness in Louisiana. Final Performance Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teddlie, Charles

This final report describes activities and accomplishments of the Services for Children with Deaf-Blindness project, a 1-year federally supported project in Louisiana to improve identification and curriculum for these children by providing technical assistance and training to parents, school systems, and agency personnel. Project activities…

Evaluating Potential Exposures to Ecological Receptors Due to Transport of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Subsurface Systems (Final Report)

EPA Science Inventory

EPA's Ecological Risk Assessment Support Center (ERASC) announced the release of the final report, Evaluating Potential Exposures to Ecological Receptors Due to Transport of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Subsurface Systems. This technical paper recommends several ty...

78 FR 12955 - Final Requirements, Definitions, and Selection Criteria-Native American Career and Technical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-26

... has established under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended (20 U.S.C. 6301..., cooperative education, school-based enterprises, entrepreneurship, community service learning, and job... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 34 CFR Chapter IV [Docket ID ED-2012-OVAE-0053] Final Requirements...

78 FR 73083 - Compassionate Release

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-05

... district in which the inmate was sentenced; and the final decision is subject to the general supervision... rule making a technical change to the regulations on February 28, 2013 (78 FR 13478). We now withdraw... the inmate was sentenced; and (2) clarifying that the final decision is subject to the general...

SIAM Conference on Geometric Design and Computing. Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2002-03-11

The SIAM Conference on Geometric Design and Computing attracted 164 domestic and international researchers, from academia, industry, and government. It provided a stimulating forum in which to learn about the latest developments, to discuss exciting new research directions, and to forge stronger ties between theory and applications. Final Report

High/Scope Outreach Project. Final Report. October 1, 1983-September 30, 1984.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, Ypsilanti, MI.

The final report reviews accomplishments of an outreach project designed to provide technical assistance and training to early childhood programs for handicapped children. The project features the Cognitively Oriented Preschool Curriculum, a developmental approach based on Piagetian theory and explained to build on the child's accomplishments. A…

Comparison of Final Grades between a Traditional Classroom and Learning Community Classroom at Northeast Wisconsin Technical College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Beek, Dianne

This study examines courses in the marketing program at Northeast Wisconsin Technical College to compare the academic performance of students in traditional and learning community classroom settings. Two sections of students, a traditional 17-week course and a block scheduled 5-week course, served as the sample in the study. The block scheduling…

Classified Information and Technical Libraries. Final Report. Army Technical Library Improvement Studies (ATLIS), Report No. 11.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luger, Herbert P.; Booser, Ronald J.

A survey of the literature in the last ten years and interviews with library and security personnel indicated: (1)the problems of handling classified information in libraries have been scanted; (2) there is wide divergence in policies and practices of disseminating such materials; (3)interlibrary cooperation with respect to classified holdings is…

Field Testing Competency-Based Vocational Education Student Learning Guides Developed at Ridge Vocational-Technical Center. From August 1, 1981 to June 30, 1982. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andreyka, Robert E.

This project's main objective was to field test competency-based vocational education (CBVE) student learning guides developed during 1979-1981 at Ridge Vocational-Technical Center (RVTC) (Florida). The learning guides were for six programs: clerical occupations, cosmetology, heavy duty truck/bus mechanics, industrial electricity, masonry, and…

78 FR 17871 - Changes To Implement the Technical Corrections to the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act as to Inter...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-25

... rule eliminates the nine-month ``dead zone'' for filing an inter partes review petition challenging a..., section 1(d) of the AIA Technical Corrections Act and this final rule eliminate the nine-month ``dead zone... the nine-month ``dead zone'' as to first-to-invent patents and reissue patents. Costs and Benefits...

Research in Fiber Optics: Implications for Fiber Optics in Vocational-Technical Education. Final Report 1984-85.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergen County Vocational-Technical High School, Hackensack, NJ.

This project was conducted to determine the vocational, technical, and scientific skills and knowledge needed to work with the fiber optics applications that are in all areas of technology. A research assistant was hired by the project director to collect data and develop a research base for the project. Information was gathered through a…

The California spotted owl: a technical assessment of its current status

Treesearch

Jared Verner; Kevin S. McKelvey; Barry R. Noon; R. J. Gutierrez; Gordon I. Jr. Gould; Thomas W. Beck

1992-01-01

This report is based an the Final Repart submitted on May 8, 1992 by the Technical Assessment Team to the interagency Steering Committee for the California Spotted Owl Assessment. The 13 chapters cover the assessment of the current status of the California spotted owl, its biology and habitat use, and forests where the subspecies occurs in the Sierra Nevada and...

Unified Technical Concepts - Phase I. (Modularizing Instructional Materials Using Applications of Technical Concepts). Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technical Education Research Center, Waco, TX.

To evolve a new methodology and system for teaching physics to students aspiring to become (or to become more competent as) technicians in a variety of technologies, this research and development effort was initiated. The project's thesis stemmed from a notion that the study of physics would be more accepted and assimilated by students if concepts…

Establishment of the Center for Advanced Separation Technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Christopher E. Hull

2006-09-30

This Final Technical Report covers the eight sub-projects awarded in the first year and the five projects awarded in the second year of Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT41091: Establishment of the Center for Advanced Separation Technologies. This work is summarized in the body of the main report: the individual sub-project Technical Progress Reports are attached as Appendices.

Moka with Ristretto

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-11-01

MOKA WITH RISTRETTO ASSURED INFORMATION SECURITY, INC. NOVEMBER 2017 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED...STINFO COPY AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY INFORMATION DIRECTORATE AFRL-RI-RS-TR-2017-223  UNITED STATES AIR FORCE  ROME, NY 13441 AIR FORCE...report is available to the general public, including foreign nations. Copies may be obtained from the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC

Development of a Screening Methodology for Entry into Medical Technical Training Courses. Final Report for Period October 1975-April 1977.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leisey, Sandra A.; Guinn, Nancy

At the request of the Air Force School of Aviation Medicine, a project was initiated to evaluate the current screening process used for entry into three medical technical training courses: Aeromedical Specialist, Environmental Health Specialist, and Physiological Training Specialist. A sample of 1,003 students were administered the General…

Summer Institute to Train Data Processing Teachers for the New Oklahoma State-Wide Computer Science System, Phase II. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuttle, Francis

Twenty-three instructors participated in an 8-week summer institute to develop their technical competency to teach the second year of a 2-year Technical Education Computer Science Program. Instructional material covered the following areas: (1) compiler languages and systems design, (2) cost studies, (3) business organization, (4) advanced…

Technical bases and guidance for the use of composite soil sampling for demonstrating compliance with radiological release criteria

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vitkus, Timothy J.

2012-04-24

This guidance provides information on methodologies and the technical bases that licensees should consider for incorporating composite sampling strategies into final status survey (FSS) plans. In addition, this guidance also includes appropriate uses of composite sampling for generating the data for other decommissioning site investigations such as characterization or other preliminary site investigations.

FIELD CHECK MANUAL FOR LANGUAGE LABORATORIES, A SERIES OF TESTS WHICH A NON-TECHNICAL PERSON CAN CONDUCT TO VERIFY SPECIFICATIONS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

GRITTNER, FRANK; PAVLAT, RUSSELL

IN ORDER TO ASSIST NON-TECHNICAL PEOPLE IN SCHOOLS TO CONDUCT A FIELD CHECK OF LANGUAGE LABORATORY EQUIPMENT BEFORE THEY MAKE FINAL PAYMENTS, THIS MANUAL OFFERS CRITERIA, TESTS, AND METHODS OF SCORING THE QUALITY OF THE EQUIPMENT. CHECKLISTS ARE PROVIDED FOR EVALUATING CONSOLE FUNCTIONS, TAPE RECORDERS, AMPLIFIERS, SOUND QUALITY (INCLUDING…

Organic and Hybrid Organic Solid-State Photovoltaic Materials and Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-06

Microscopy Research, 2012, 7, 158-169. Organic photovoltaic materials, hybrid organic devices, solar cells 6 1 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT 1... hybrids have potential applications in solar cells and may thus provide mobile energy sources for aircraft and soldier technologies. Modeling and...modeling and simulation developed in this project are encouraging further development. 2. Technical Activities Hybrid organic solar cells are an

Space station automation study: Autonomous systems and assembly, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradford, K. Z.

1984-01-01

This final report, prepared by Martin Marietta Denver Aerospace, provides the technical results of their input to the Space Station Automation Study, the purpose of which is to develop informed technical guidance in the use of autonomous systems to implement space station functions, many of which can be programmed in advance and are well suited for automated systems.

NESC Independent Review of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Contamination Thermal/Vacuum (T/V) Anomaly Technical Consultation Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sutter, James K.; Leidecker, Henning W.; Panda, Binayak; Piascik, Robert S.; Muirhead, Brian K.; Peeler, Debra

2009-01-01

The NESC eras requested by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to conduct an independent review of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Thermal/Vacuum (T/V) Anomaly Assessment. Because the anomaly resulted in the surface contamination of the MRO, selected members of the Materials Super Problem Resolution Team (SPRT) and the NASA technical community having technical expertise relative to contamination issues were chosen for the independent review. The consultation consisted of a review of the MRO Project's reported response to the assessment findings, a detailed review of JPL technical assessment final report, and detailed discussions with the JPL assessment team relative to their findings.

Final Technical Report for DE-FG02-98ER45737

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ade, Harald W.

This document represents the cumulative, final technical report for Grant No. DE-FG02- 98ER45737, the title of which has changed with each funding period, but the research pursued is within a coherent overall theme of methods and technique developments that exploit contrast at the carbon absorption edge to characterize complex organic materials and the use of these synchrotron radiation-based methods for important research challenges in polymer physics and Materials Science. The last three funding periods focused on organic devices and in particular organic solar cells (OSCs), owing to their extra-ordinarily complex morphology, yet high potential as a cheap and printable power-conversionmore » technology.« less

Weldability of Advanced High Strength Steels using Ytterbium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet high power laser for Tailor-Welded Blank applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Rajashekhar Shivaram

Use of a high power Yb:YAG laser is investigated for joining advanced high strength steel materials for use in tailor-welded blank (TWB) applications. TWB's are materials of different chemistry, coating or thicknesses that are joined before metal forming and other operations such as trimming, assembly and painting are carried out. TWB is becoming an important design tool in the automotive industry for reducing weight, improving fuel economy and passenger safety, while reducing the overall costs for the customer. Three advanced high strength steels, TRIP780, DP980 and USIBOR, which have many unique properties that are conducive to achieving these objectives, along with mild steel, are used in this work. The objective of this work is to ensure that high quality welds can be obtained using Yb:YAG lasers which are also becoming popular for metal joining operations, since they produce high quality laser beams that suffer minimal distortion when transported via fiber optic cables. Various power levels and speeds for the laser beam were used during the investigation. Argon gas was consistently used for shielding purposes during the welding process. After the samples were welded, metallographic examination of the fusion and heat-affected zones using optical and scanning electron microscopes were carried out to determine the microstructures as well as weld defects. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were also used to examine the top of welds as well as fracture surfaces. Additionally, cross-weld microhardness evaluations, tensile tests using Instron tester, limited fatigue tests as well as formability evaluations using OSU plane strain evaluation were carried out. The examinations included a 2-factor full factorial design of experiments to determine the impact of coatings on the surface roughness on the top of the welds. Tensile strengths of DP980, TRIP780 and mild steel materials as well as DP980 welded to TRIP780 and mild steel in the rolling direction as well as transverse direction were evaluated. Metallographic examinations determined that most of the fusion zone is martensitic with small regions of bainite and ferrite. High microhardness values of the order of 550--600 Hv were noted in most joints, which are attributed to high alloy content of the fusion zone as well as high rates of cooling typical of laser welds. During tensile, fatigue and formability tests, no fractures in the fusion or heat affected zones were observed. Geometric variability evaluations indicated that coatings such as aluminum (in the case of USIBOR) and galvanized zinc (TRIP780) can affect the variability of the weld zone and the surface roughness on the top of the weld. Excessive variability in the form of weld concavity in the weld zones can lead to fractures in the weld region, even though higher hardness can, to some extent, compensate for these surface irregularities. The 2-factor design of experiments further confirmed that coatings adversely affect the surface roughness on the top of the welds. Although thickness differentials alone do not make a significant impact on surface roughness, together with coatings, they can have an adverse effect on roughness. Tensile tests in the direction of rolling as well as in the transverse direction indicate that TRIP780 seems weaker in the direction of rolling when compared to transverse direction while mild steel is stronger in the direction of rolling. Weldability analyses revealed that the typical melting efficiency is on the order of 50--70% for full penetration welding. Formability tests showed that TR/MS joints fractured in a direction parallel to the weld line when tested with the loads perpendicular to the weld line. Tests have also confirmed that weld speed and power have no impact on the outcome of formability results. Overall, this work conclusively proves that high power Yb:YAG lasers can effectively join high strength materials such as DP980, TRIP780, USIBOR, as well as mild steel, for use in tailor-welded blank applications, contributing to lighter, more fuel-efficient and safer vehicles.

Environmental information acquisition and maintenance techniques: reference guide. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Riggins, R.E.; Young, V.T.; Goran, W.D.

1980-08-01

This report provides a guide to techniques for collecting, using and maintaining data about each of the 13 environmental technical specialties in the Environmental Impact Computer System (EICS). The technical specialties are: (1) ecology, (2) environmental health, (3) air, (4) surface water, (5) ground water, (6) sociology, (7) economics, (8) earth science, (9) land use, (10) noise, (11) transportation, (12) aesthetics, and (13) energy and resource conservation. Acquisition techniques are classified by the following general categories: (1) secondary data, (2) remote sensing, (3) mathematical modeling, (4) field work, (5) mapping/maps and (6) expert opinion. A matrix identifies the most appropriatemore » techniques for collecting information on the EICS technical specialties. After selecting a method, the user may read an abstract of the report explaining that technique, and may also wish to obtain the original document for detailed information about applying the technique. Finally, this report offers guidelines on storing environmental information for future use, and on presenting that information effectively in environmental documents.« less

NEET-AMM Final Technical Report on Laser Direct Manufacturing (LDM) for Nuclear Power Components

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anderson, Scott; Baca, Georgina; O'Connor, Michael

2015-12-31

Final technical report summarizes the program progress and technical accomplishments of the Laser Direct Manufacturing (LDM) for Nuclear Power Components project. A series of experiments varying build process parameters (scan speed and laser power) were conducted at the outset to establish the optimal build conditions for each of the alloys. Fabrication was completed in collaboration with Quad City Manufacturing Laboratory (QCML). The density of all sample specimens was measured and compared to literature values. Optimal build process conditions giving fabricated part densities close to literature values were chosen for making mechanical test coupons. Test coupons whose principal axis is onmore » the x-y plane (perpendicular to build direction) and on the z plane (parallel to build direction) were built and tested as part of the experimental build matrix to understand the impact of the anisotropic nature of the process.. Investigations are described 316L SS, Inconel 600, 718 and 800 and oxide dispersion strengthed 316L SS (Yttria) alloys.« less

An approach to developing independent learning and non-technical skills amongst final year mining engineering students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knobbs, C. G.; Grayson, D. J.

2012-06-01

There is mounting evidence to show that engineers need more than technical skills to succeed in industry. This paper describes a curriculum innovation in which so-called 'soft' skills, specifically inter-personal and intra-personal skills, were integrated into a final year mining engineering course. The instructional approach was designed to promote independent learning and to develop non-technical skills, essential for students on the threshold of becoming practising engineers. Three psychometric tests were administered at the beginning of the course to make students aware of their own and their classmates' characteristics. Substantial prescribed reading assignments preceded weekly group discussions. Several projects during the course required team work skills and application of content knowledge to real-world contexts. Results obtained from students' reflection papers, assignments related to 'soft' skills and end of course evaluations suggest that students' appreciation of the need for these skills, as well as their own perceived competence, increased during the course. Their ability to function as independent learners also increased.

Identification of usual interstitial pneumonia pattern using RNA-Seq and machine learning: challenges and solutions.

PubMed

Choi, Yoonha; Liu, Tiffany Ting; Pankratz, Daniel G; Colby, Thomas V; Barth, Neil M; Lynch, David A; Walsh, P Sean; Raghu, Ganesh; Kennedy, Giulia C; Huang, Jing

2018-05-09

We developed a classifier using RNA sequencing data that identifies the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We addressed significant challenges, including limited sample size, biological and technical sample heterogeneity, and reagent and assay batch effects. We identified inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity, particularly within the non-UIP group. The models classified UIP on transbronchial biopsy samples with a receiver-operating characteristic area under the curve of ~ 0.9 in cross-validation. Using in silico mixed samples in training, we prospectively defined a decision boundary to optimize specificity at ≥85%. The penalized logistic regression model showed greater reproducibility across technical replicates and was chosen as the final model. The final model showed sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 88% in the test set. We demonstrated that the suggested methodologies appropriately addressed challenges of the sample size, disease heterogeneity and technical batch effects and developed a highly accurate and robust classifier leveraging RNA sequencing for the classification of UIP.

Key team physical and technical performance indicators indicative of team quality in the soccer Chinese super league.

PubMed

Yang, Gai; Leicht, Anthony S; Lago, Carlos; Gómez, Miguel-Ángel

2018-01-01

The aim of this study was to identify the key physical and technical performance variables related to team quality in the Chinese Super League (CSL). Teams' performance variables were collected from 240 matches and analysed via analysis of variance between end-of-season-ranked groups and multinomial logistic regression. Significant physical performance differences between groups were identified for sprinting (top-ranked group vs. upper-middle-ranked group) and total distance covered without possession (upper and upper-middle-ranked groups and lower-ranked group). For technical performance, teams in the top-ranked group exhibited a significantly greater amount of possession in opponent's half, number of entry passes in the final 1/3 of the field and the Penalty Area, and 50-50 challenges than lower-ranked teams. Finally, time of possession increased the probability of a win compared with a draw. The current study identified key performance indicators that differentiated end-season team quality within the CSL.

[NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Report 1, part 1:] Technical communications in aeronautics: Results of an exploratory study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinelli, Thomas E.; Glassman, Myron; Oliu, Walter E.; Barclay, Rebecca O.

1989-01-01

A study was undertaken that explored several aspects of technical communications in aeronautics. The study, which utilized survey research in the form of a self-administered questionnaire, was sent to 2,000 randomly selected members of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Six hundred and six usable questionnaires (30.3 percent) were received by the established cut off date. The study had five objectives. The first was to solicit the opinions of aeronautical engineers and scientists regarding the importance of technical communications to their profession; second, to determine their use and production of technical communications; third, to seek their views on the content of an undergraduate course in technical communications; fourth, to determine their use of libraries/technical information centers; and finally, to determine the use and importance of computer and information technology to them. The findings add considerable information to the knowledge of technical communications practices among aeronautical engineers and scientists and reinforce some of the conventional wisdom about technical communications and question other widely-held notions.

Feasibility of Computer Processing of Technical Information on the Design of Instructional Systems. Final Report for the Period 1 July 1972 through 31 March 1973.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheffler, F. L.; And Others

A feasibility study examined the capability of a computer-based system's handling of technical information pertinent to the design of instructional systems. Structured interviews were held to assess the information needs of both researchers and practitioners and an investigation was conducted of 10 computer-based information storage and retrieval…

Task Force on the Role of General Education in Associate Science Degree Programs. Final Report and Recommendations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weyers, Lori; Langerman, Philip

In 1989-90, the General Education Task Force of the Wisconsin Technical College System (WTCS) was convened to determine the role of the general education curriculum in the attainment of skills that enhance the likelihood of success among technical college graduates in their careers, homes and communities. The Task Force consisted of at least one…

Adlai E. Stevenson High School, Bilingual Academic and Technical Education for Youth Program. O.E.E. Evaluation Report, 1982-1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keyes, Jose Luis; Collins, Carla

The Bilingual Academic and Technical Education for Youth (BATEY) Program completed its third and final year of funding at Adlai E. Stevenson High School, Bronx, New York. In 1982-83, the program offered bilingual instruction and support services to approximately 300 Hispanic students of limited English proficiency in grades 9-12. Although the…

77 FR 57186 - Technical Report on Fatality Risk, Mass, and Footprint of Model Year 2000-2007 Passenger Cars and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

...-0152] Technical Report on Fatality Risk, Mass, and Footprint of Model Year 2000-2007 Passenger Cars and..., and Footprint in Model Year 2000-2007 Passenger Cars and LTVs--Final Report. DATES: Comments must be... comprised MY 2000-2007 cars and LTVs in CY 2002-2008 crashes. Fatality rates were derived from FARS data, 13...

A Planning Study for the Conversion of Recorded Books and Magazines from Rigid Discs to Cassettes and Flexible Discs. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Innovative Systems Research, Inc., Pennsauken, NJ.

Twelve different conversion plans were delineated and evaluated in the performance of this study effort. An indepth technical, financial, and cost/benefit analysis was included. One plan was determined to be distinctively more cost-effective than any of the other plans because it provided a technically feasible system that assured the maximum…

Technical Feasibility Study of an Effective Low-Toxicity Obscurant Material

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

2. REPORT TYPE FINAL 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 04/2011 – 07/2012 4 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER W912HQ-11-C-0034 Technical...6 4 Work Package 3 – Laboratory-scale tests...chemistry to sea-salt aerosol. 4 The major component of sea-salt is sodium chloride. Sodium chloride can be very simply generated by the combustion