Los Angeles congestion reduction demonstration (Metro ExpressLanes) program. National evaluation : transit system data test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-09-01

This flyer summarizes the activities and results of a preliminary human factors review for the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) Program. As part of the IVI program, the Federal Highway Administration funded a project to investigate the human fact...

Examining the relative effectiveness of different message framing strategies for child passenger safety: recommendations for increased comprehension and compliance.

PubMed

Will, Kelli England; Decina, Lawrence E; Maple, Erin L; Perkins, Amy M

2015-06-01

Age-appropriate child restraints and rear seating dramatically reduce injury in vehicle crashes. Yet parents and caregivers struggle to comply with child passenger safety (CPS) recommendations, and frequently make mistakes when choosing and installing restraints. The purpose of this research was to evaluate various methods of framing CPS recommendations, and to examine the relative effectiveness on parents' knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions related to best practices and proper use of child restraints. Emphasis framing is a persuasion technique that involves placing focus on specific aspects of the content in order to encourage or discourage certain interpretations of the content. A 5 (flyer group) X 2 (time) randomized experiment was conducted in which 300 parent participants answered a pre-survey, viewed one of four flyer versions or a no-education control version, and completed a post-survey. Surveys measured CPS knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of efficacy and risk, and behavioral intentions. The four flyers compared in this study all communicated the same CPS recommendations, but several versions were tested which each employed a different emphasis frame: (1) recommendations organized by the natural progression of seat types; (2) recommendations which focused on avoiding premature graduation; (3) recommendations which explained the risk-reduction rationale behind the information given; or (4) recommendations which were organized by age. In a fifth no-education (control) condition, participants viewed marketing materials. Analyses of covariance and pairwise comparisons indicated the risk-reduction rationale flyer outperformed other flyers for many subscales, and significantly differed from no-education control for the most subscales, including restraint selection, back seat knowledge, rear-facing knowledge and attitudes, total efficacy, overall attitudes, and stated intentions. This research provides insight for increasing caregiver understanding and compliance with CPS information. Recommendations for the field include communicating the rationale behind the information given, using behavior-based directives in headers, avoiding age-based headers, and incorporating back-seat positioning directives throughout. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Overview of OBPR Free Flyer System Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leung, Ronald Y.; Lieberman, Alvin S.

2003-01-01

Contents include the following:OBPR free flyer theme. OBPR free flyer technical activity last 2 years. GSFC integrated mission design center (IMDC) studies. Free flyer assumptions and goals. Free flyer total payload reference concept capabilities. FFM reference payload requirements. FFM mission. FFM medium summary. FFH block diagram FFH spacecraft configuration.concept.

Apparatus and method for explosive bonding to edge of flyer plate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bement, Laurence J. (Inventor); Kushnick, Anne C. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

The invention is an apparatus and a process for the explosive joining of a flyer plate and a base plate. The apparatus consists of a flyer plate positioned over a base plate. The flyer plate has a notch containing a filler material in intimate contact with the flyer plate. An adhesive means holds a ribbon explosive partially overlapping the notch in the flyer plate. A detonating means initiates the ribbon explosive that drives the flyer plate to accomplish a high velocity, angular collision between the mating surfaces. This collision creates surface melts and effacing bonding, resulting in electron sharing linkups between the plates. An unbonded tab fractures at a base of the notch leaving a bond to an edge of the attached flyer plate.

Indirect ignition of energetic materials with laser-driven flyer plates.

PubMed

Dean, Steven W; De Lucia, Frank C; Gottfried, Jennifer L

2017-01-20

The impact of laser-driven flyer plates on energetic materials CL-20, PETN, and TATB has been investigated. Flyer plates composed of 25 μm thick Al were impacted into the energetic materials at velocities up to 1.3 km/s. The flyer plates were accelerated by means of an Nd:YAG laser pulse. The laser pulse generates rapidly expanding plasma between the flyer plate foil and the substrate to which it is adhered. As the plasma grows, a section of the metal foil is ejected at high speed, forming the flyer plate. The velocity of the flyer plate was determined using VISAR, time of flight, and high-speed video. The response of the energetic material to impact was determined by light emission recorded by an infrared-sensitive photodiode. Following post-impact analysis of the impacted energetic material, it was hypothesized that the light emitted by the material after impact is not due to the impact of the flyer itself but rather is caused by the decomposition of energetic material ejected (via the shock of flyer plate impact) into a cloud of hot products generated during the launch of the flyer plate. This hypothesis was confirmed through schlieren imaging of a flyer plate launch, clearly showing the ejection of hot gases and particles from the region surrounding the flyer plate launch and the burning of the ejected energetic material particles.

Cover Your Cough

MedlinePlus

... KB] Spanish [153 KB] Cover Your Cough, Flyer & Poster for Health Care Settings Flyer : English Portuguese [268 ... KB] Chinese [246 KB] Cover Your Cough, Flyer & Poster for Community and Public Settings Flyer : English Portuguese [ ...

Precision flyer initiator

DOEpatents

Frank, A.M.; Lee, R.S.

1998-05-26

A precision flyer initiator forms a substantially spherical detonation wave in a high explosive (HE) pellet. An explosive driver, such as a detonating cord, a wire bridge circuit or a small explosive, is detonated. A flyer material is sandwiched between the explosive driver and an end of a barrel that contains an inner channel. A projectile or ``flyer`` is sheared from the flyer material by the force of the explosive driver and projected through the inner channel. The flyer than strikes the HE pellet, which is supported above a second end of the barrel by a spacer ring. A gap or shock decoupling material delays the shock wave in the barrel from predetonating the HE pellet before the flyer. A spherical detonation wave is formed in the HE pellet. Thus, a shock wave traveling through the barrel fails to reach the HE pellet before the flyer strikes the HE pellet. The precision flyer initiator can be used in mining devices, well-drilling devices and anti-tank devices. 10 figs.

Precision flyer initiator

DOEpatents

Frank, Alan M.; Lee, Ronald S.

1998-01-01

A precision flyer initiator forms a substantially spherical detonation wave in a high explosive (HE) pellet. An explosive driver, such as a detonating cord, a wire bridge circuit or a small explosive, is detonated. A flyer material is sandwiched between the explosive driver and an end of a barrel that contains an inner channel. A projectile or "flyer" is sheared from the flyer material by the force of the explosive driver and projected through the inner channel. The flyer than strikes the HE pellet, which is supported above a second end of the barrel by a spacer ring. A gap or shock decoupling material delays the shock wave in the barrel from predetonating the HE pellet before the flyer. A spherical detonation wave is formed in the HE pellet. Thus, a shock wave traveling through the barrel fails to reach the HE pellet before the flyer strikes the HE pellet. The precision flyer initiator can be used in mining devices, well-drilling devices and anti-tank devices.

Optical measurements of flyer plate acceleration by emulsion explosive

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kubota, Shiro; Shimada, Hideki; Matsui, Kikuo; Ogata, Yuji; Seto, Masahiro; Masui, Akira; Wada, Yuji; Liu, Zhi-Yue; Itoh, Shigeru

2001-04-01

This paper presents the study on the application of explosive welding technique to the field of the urgent repair of the gas and water pipe networks. The essential parameters related to the explosive welding are scrutinized from the point of view of the minimizing the damage to the steel pipe after welded explosively with a flyer plate. The emulsion explosive is contained in a rectangular hard-paper box whose bottom is the flyer plate with 100 mm length, 25 mm width and 1.5 mm thickness. The flyer motions of the flyer plates accelerated by emulsion explosive are observed by high-speed photography from the side and front view of the flyer plate. The damage to the pipe by the flyer plate is discussed with the results of the observation of flyer motion and explosive welding test under various experimental conditions. Moreover, one way to control the motion of the flyer plate is proposed. We put a PMMA buffer block into the explosive. The flying process of flyer plate is calculated by the finite different scheme based on the ALE method. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by the experimental and numerical studies.

Airport full-body screening: what is the risk?

PubMed

Mehta, Pratik; Smith-Bindman, Rebecca

2011-06-27

In the past year, the Transportation Security Administration has deployed full-body scanners in airports across the United States in response to heightened security needs. Several groups have opposed the scans, citing privacy concerns and fear of the radiation emitted by the backscatter x-ray scanners, 1 of the 2 types of machines in use. The radiation doses emitted by the scans are extremely small; the scans deliver an amount of radiation equivalent to 3 to 9 minutes of the radiation received through normal daily living. Furthermore, since flying itself increases exposure to ionizing radiation, the scan will contribute less than 1% of the dose a flyer will receive from exposure to cosmic rays at elevated altitudes. The estimation of cancer risks associated with these scans is difficult, but using the only available models, the risk would be extremely small, even among frequent flyers. We conclude that there is no significant threat of radiation from the scans.

High-speed velocity measurements on an EFI-system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prinse, W. C.; van't Hof, P. G.; Cheng, L. K.; Scholtes, J. H. G.

2007-01-01

For the development of an Exploding Foil Initiator for Insensitive Munitions applications the following topics are of interest: the electrical circuit, the exploding foil, the velocity of the flyer, the driver explosive, the secondary flyer and the acceptor explosive. Several parameters of the EFI have influences on the velocity of the flyer. To investigate these parameters a Fabry-Perot Velocity Interferometer System (F-PVIS) has been used. The light to and from the flyer is transported by a multimode fibre terminated with a GRIN-lens. By this method the velocity of very tiny objects (0.1 mm), can be measured. The velocity of flyer can be recorded with nanosecond resolution, depending on the Fabry-Perot etalon and the streak camera. With this equipment the influence of the dimensions of the exploding foil and the flyer on the velocity and the acceleration of the flyer are investigated. Also the integrity of the flyer during flight can be analyzed. To characterize the explosive material, to be used as driver explosive in EFI's, the initiation behaviour of the explosive has been investigated by taking pictures of the explosion with a high speed framing and streak camera. From these pictures the initiation distance and the detonation behaviour of the explosive has been analyzed. Normally, the driver explosive initiates the acceptor explosive (booster) by direct contact. This booster explosive is embedded in the main charge of the munitions. The combination of initiator, booster explosive and main charge explosive is called the detonation train. In this research the possibility of initiation of the booster by an intermediate flyer is investigated. This secondary flyer can be made of different materials, like aluminium, steel and polyester with different sizes. With the aid of the F-PVIS the acceleration of the secondary flyer is investigated. This reveals the influence of the thickness and density of the flyer on the acceleration and final velocity. Under certain circumstances the flyer breaks up in several parts and several velocities at the same time have been recorded. Several flyer materials and dimensions exist that are able to initiate very insensitive explosives like TATB.

An interactive media program for managing psychosocial problems on long-duration spaceflights.

PubMed

Carter, James A; Buckey, Jay C; Greenhalgh, Leonard; Holland, Albert W; Hegel, Mark T

2005-06-01

Space crews must be self-reliant to complete long-duration missions successfully. This project involves the development and evaluation of a network of self-guided interactive multimedia programs to train and assist long-duration flyers in the prevention, assessment, and management of psychosocial problems that can arise on extended missions. The system is currently under development and is intended for use both during training and on orbit. A virtual space station 3-dimensional graphic was created to serve as a portal to multimedia-based training, assessment, and intervention resources. Additionally, original content on interpersonal conflict and depression is being developed for the system. Input on the best practices for managing conflict and depression on extended missions was obtained from 13 veteran long-duration flyers, as well as from clinical experts. Formative evaluation of a prototype of the system will be conducted with 10 members of the astronaut corps. Subsequently, the content on conflict and depression will be completed, and the depression self-treatment portion will be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. Although this study involves developing countermeasures to assist long-duration flyers, it also provides a model that could be applied in many Earthbound settings, both in operational environments and in everyday life.

Napa County Entrepreneurial Child Care Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Napa County Employment Training Office, CA.

A multiagency project designed a program to train participants to become licensed family day care home operators. Participant recruitment was conducted by means of a flyer, advertisements in the help wanted section, community service announcements, press releases, and notices to the high schools. The program recruited 43 potential family day care…

X-ray imaging and 3D reconstruction of in-flight exploding foil initiator flyers

DOE PAGES

Willey, T. M.; Champley, K.; Hodgin, R.; ...

2016-06-17

Exploding foil initiators (EFIs), also known as slapper initiators or detonators, offer clear safety and timing advantages over other means of initiating detonation in high explosives. The work described here outlines a new capability for imaging and reconstructing three-dimensional images of operating EFIs. Flyer size and intended velocity were chosen based on parameters of the imaging system. The EFI metal plasma and plastic flyer traveling at 2.5 km/s were imaged with short ~80 ps pulses spaced 153.4 ns apart. A four-camera system acquired 4 images from successive x-ray pulses from each shot. The first frame was prior to bridge burst,more » the 2 nd images the flyer about 0.16 mm above the surface but edges of the foil and/or flyer are still attached to the substrate. The 3 rd frame captures the flyer in flight, while the 4 th shows a completely detached flyer in a position that is typically beyond where slappers strike initiating explosives. Multiple acquisitions at different incident angles and advanced computed tomography reconstruction algorithms were used to produce a 3-dimensional image of the flyer at 0.16 and 0.53 mm above the surface. Both the x-ray images and the 3D reconstruction show a strong anisotropy in the shape of the flyer and underlying foil parallel vs. perpendicular to the initiating current and electrical contacts. These results provide detailed flyer morphology during the operation of the EFI.« less

X-ray imaging and 3D reconstruction of in-flight exploding foil initiator flyers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willey, T. M.; Champley, K.; Hodgin, R.; Lauderbach, L.; Bagge-Hansen, M.; May, C.; Sanchez, N.; Jensen, B. J.; Iverson, A.; van Buuren, T.

2016-06-01

Exploding foil initiators (EFIs), also known as slapper initiators or detonators, offer clear safety and timing advantages over other means of initiating detonation in high explosives. This work outlines a new capability for imaging and reconstructing three-dimensional images of operating EFIs. Flyer size and intended velocity were chosen based on parameters of the imaging system. The EFI metal plasma and plastic flyer traveling at 2.5 km/s were imaged with short ˜80 ps pulses spaced 153.4 ns apart. A four-camera system acquired 4 images from successive x-ray pulses from each shot. The first frame was prior to bridge burst, the 2nd images the flyer about 0.16 mm above the surface but edges of the foil and/or flyer are still attached to the substrate. The 3rd frame captures the flyer in flight, while the 4th shows a completely detached flyer in a position that is typically beyond where slappers strike initiating explosives. Multiple acquisitions at different incident angles and advanced computed tomography reconstruction algorithms were used to produce a 3-dimensional image of the flyer at 0.16 and 0.53 mm above the surface. Both the x-ray images and the 3D reconstruction show a strong anisotropy in the shape of the flyer and underlying foil parallel vs. perpendicular to the initiating current and electrical contacts. These results provide detailed flyer morphology during the operation of the EFI.

X-ray imaging and 3D reconstruction of in-flight exploding foil initiator flyers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Willey, T. M., E-mail: willey1@llnl.gov; Champley, K., E-mail: champley1@llnl.gov; Hodgin, R.

Exploding foil initiators (EFIs), also known as slapper initiators or detonators, offer clear safety and timing advantages over other means of initiating detonation in high explosives. This work outlines a new capability for imaging and reconstructing three-dimensional images of operating EFIs. Flyer size and intended velocity were chosen based on parameters of the imaging system. The EFI metal plasma and plastic flyer traveling at 2.5 km/s were imaged with short ∼80 ps pulses spaced 153.4 ns apart. A four-camera system acquired 4 images from successive x-ray pulses from each shot. The first frame was prior to bridge burst, the 2nd images themore » flyer about 0.16 mm above the surface but edges of the foil and/or flyer are still attached to the substrate. The 3rd frame captures the flyer in flight, while the 4th shows a completely detached flyer in a position that is typically beyond where slappers strike initiating explosives. Multiple acquisitions at different incident angles and advanced computed tomography reconstruction algorithms were used to produce a 3-dimensional image of the flyer at 0.16 and 0.53 mm above the surface. Both the x-ray images and the 3D reconstruction show a strong anisotropy in the shape of the flyer and underlying foil parallel vs. perpendicular to the initiating current and electrical contacts. These results provide detailed flyer morphology during the operation of the EFI.« less

X-ray imaging and 3D reconstruction of in-flight exploding foil initiator flyers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Willey, T. M.; Champley, K.; Hodgin, R.

Exploding foil initiators (EFIs), also known as slapper initiators or detonators, offer clear safety and timing advantages over other means of initiating detonation in high explosives. The work described here outlines a new capability for imaging and reconstructing three-dimensional images of operating EFIs. Flyer size and intended velocity were chosen based on parameters of the imaging system. The EFI metal plasma and plastic flyer traveling at 2.5 km/s were imaged with short ~80 ps pulses spaced 153.4 ns apart. A four-camera system acquired 4 images from successive x-ray pulses from each shot. The first frame was prior to bridge burst,more » the 2 nd images the flyer about 0.16 mm above the surface but edges of the foil and/or flyer are still attached to the substrate. The 3 rd frame captures the flyer in flight, while the 4 th shows a completely detached flyer in a position that is typically beyond where slappers strike initiating explosives. Multiple acquisitions at different incident angles and advanced computed tomography reconstruction algorithms were used to produce a 3-dimensional image of the flyer at 0.16 and 0.53 mm above the surface. Both the x-ray images and the 3D reconstruction show a strong anisotropy in the shape of the flyer and underlying foil parallel vs. perpendicular to the initiating current and electrical contacts. These results provide detailed flyer morphology during the operation of the EFI.« less

Space station: The next logical step

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stofan, Andrew J.

1986-01-01

The following topics with respect to the space station program are discussed: (1) unmanned free-flyers; (2) recent progress; (3) the space shuttle; (4) international participation; (5) science, commerce, and technology; and (6) private sector participation.

Effects of a Driver Enforcement Program on Yielding to Pedestrians

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Houten, Ron; Malenfant, J. E. Louis

2004-01-01

A driver-yielding enforcement program that included decoy pedestrians, feedback flyers, written and verbal warnings, and saturation enforcement for a 2-week period was evaluated in the city of Miami Beach using a multiple baseline design. During baseline, data were collected at crosswalks along two major corridors. Treatment was introduced first…

Key drivers of airline loyalty.

PubMed

Dolnicar, Sara; Grabler, Klaus; Grün, Bettina; Kulnig, Anna

2011-10-01

This study investigates drivers of airline loyalty. It contributes to the body of knowledge in the area by investigating loyalty for a number of a priori market segments identified by airline management and by using a method which accounts for the multi-step nature of the airline choice process. The study is based on responses from 687 passengers. Results indicate that, at aggregate level, frequent flyer membership, price, the status of being a national carrier and the reputation of the airline as perceived by friends are the variables which best discriminate between travellers loyal to the airline and those who are not. Differences in drivers of airline loyalty for a number of segments were identified. For example, loyalty programs play a key role for business travellers whereas airline loyalty of leisure travellers is difficult to trace back to single factors. For none of the calculated models satisfaction emerged as a key driver of airline loyalty.

Key drivers of airline loyalty

PubMed Central

Dolnicar, Sara; Grabler, Klaus; Grün, Bettina; Kulnig, Anna

2011-01-01

This study investigates drivers of airline loyalty. It contributes to the body of knowledge in the area by investigating loyalty for a number of a priori market segments identified by airline management and by using a method which accounts for the multi-step nature of the airline choice process. The study is based on responses from 687 passengers. Results indicate that, at aggregate level, frequent flyer membership, price, the status of being a national carrier and the reputation of the airline as perceived by friends are the variables which best discriminate between travellers loyal to the airline and those who are not. Differences in drivers of airline loyalty for a number of segments were identified. For example, loyalty programs play a key role for business travellers whereas airline loyalty of leisure travellers is difficult to trace back to single factors. For none of the calculated models satisfaction emerged as a key driver of airline loyalty. PMID:27064618

Road weather management performance measures : a way to measure achievement.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-04-01

This flyer describes the Road Weather Management Performance Measures that will help the Road Weather Management Program (RWMP) maximize the use of available road weather information and technologies; expand road weather research and development effo...

The Effect of Detonation Wave Incidence Angle on the Acceleration of Flyers by Explosives Heavily Laden with Inert Additives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiseau, Jason; Georges, William; Frost, David; Higgins, Andrew

2015-06-01

The incidence angle of a detonation wave is often assumed to weakly influence the terminal velocity of an explosively driven flyer. For explosives heavily loaded with dense additives, this may not be true due to differences in momentum and energy transfer between detonation products, additive particles, and the flyer. For tangential incidence the particles are first accelerated against the flyer via an expansion fan, whereas they are first accelerated by the detonation wave in the normal case. In the current study we evaluate the effect of normal versus tangential incidence on the acceleration of flyers by nitromethane heavily loaded with a variety of additives. Normal detonation was initiated via an explosively driven slapper. Flyer acceleration was measured with heterodyne laser interferometry (PDV). The influence of wave angle is evaluated by comparing the terminal velocity in the two cases (i.e., normal and grazing) for the heavily loaded mixtures. The decrement in flyer velocity correlated primarily with additive volume fraction and had a weak dependence on additive density or particle size. The Gurney energy of the heterogeneous explosive was observed to increase with flyer mass, presumably due to the timescale over which impinging particles could transfer momentum.

High-speed laser-launched flyer impacts studied with ultrafast photography and velocimetry

DOE PAGES

Banishev, Alexandr A.; Shaw, William L.; Bassett, Will P.; ...

2016-02-16

Pulsed lasers can launch thin metal foils at km s -1, but for precision measurements in shock compression science and shock wave spectroscopy, where one-dimensional shock compression is vital, flyer plate impacts with targets must have a high degree of flatness and minimal tilt, and the flyer speeds and impact times at the target must be highly reproducible. We have developed an apparatus that combines ultrafast stroboscopic optical microscopy with photon Doppler velocimetry to study impacts of laser-launched Al and Cu flyer plates with flat, transparent glass targets. The flyer plates were 0.5 mm in diameter, and ranged from 12-100more » μm thick, with flyer speeds up to 6.25 km s -1. The velocity variations over 30-60 launches from the same flyer plate optic can be as low as 0.6%, and the impact time variations can be as low as 0.8 ns. Stroboscopic image streams (reconstructed movies) show uniform, flat impacts with a glass target. As a result, these stroboscopic images can be used to estimate the tilt in the flyer-target impact to be <1mrad.« less

The effect of detonation wave incidence angle on the acceleration of flyers by explosives heavily laden with inert additives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiseau, Jason; Georges, William; Frost, David L.; Higgins, Andrew J.

2017-01-01

The incidence angle of a detonation wave in a conventional high explosive influences the acceleration and terminal velocity of a metal flyer by increasing the magnitude of the material velocity imparted by the transmitted shock wave as the detonation is tilted towards normal loading. For non-ideal explosives heavily loaded with inert additives, the detonation velocity is typically subsonic relative to the flyer sound speed, leading to shockless accelerations when the detonation is grazing. Further, in a grazing detonation the particles are initially accelerated in the direction of the detonation and only gain velocity normal to the initial orientation of the flyer at later times due to aerodynamic drag as the detonation products expand. If the detonation wave in a non-ideal explosive instead strikes the flyer at normal incidence, a shock is transmitted into the flyer and the first interaction between the particle additives and the flyer occurs due to the imparted material velocity from the passage of the detonation wave. Consequently, the effect of incidence angle and additive properties may play a more prominent role in the flyer acceleration. In the present study we experimentally compared normal detonation loadings to grazing loadings using a 3-mm-thick aluminum slapper to impact-initiate a planar detonation wave in non-ideal explosive-particle admixtures, which subsequently accelerated a second 6.4-mm-thick flyer. Flyer acceleration was measured with heterodyne laser velocimetry (PDV). The explosive mixtures considered were packed beds of glass or steel particles of varying sizes saturated with sensitized nitromethane, and gelled nitromethane mixed with glass microballoons. Results showed that the primary parameter controlling changes in flyer velocity was the presence of a transmitted shock, with additive density and particle size playing only secondary roles. These results are similar to the grazing detonation experiments, however under normal loading the largest, higher density particles yielded the highest terminal flyer velocity, whereas in the grazing experiments the larger, low density particles yielded the highest terminal velocity.

Relative Effectiveness of Dissemination Practices Used by Illinois Public Community Colleges in Adult and Continuing Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardig, Robert J.

In a broad-based survey to determine what community colleges are doing to publicize adult and continuing education programs and the effectiveness of that publicity, administrators ranked the following dissemination methods in order of importance: course schedules, newspaper advertisements, newspaper stories, program flyers, and word of mouth. Word…

Laser-driven flyer plate

DOEpatents

Paisley, Dennis L.

1991-01-01

Apparatus for producing high velocity flyer plates involving placing a layer of dielectric material between a first metal foil and a second metal foil. With laser irradiation through an optical substrate, the first metal foil forms a plasma in the area of the irradiation, between the substrate and the solid portion of the first metal foil. When the pressure between the substrate and the foil reaches the stress limit of the dielectric, the dielectric will break away and launch the flyer plate out of the second metal foil. The mass of the flyer plate is controlled, as no portion of the flyer plate is transformed into a plasma.

Weather integration in TMC operations : a self-evaluation and planning guide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-01

This flyer describes how Traffic Management Centers (TMC) can integrate weather information into their daily operations, and is based on the Road Weather Management Program publication, Self-Evaluation and Planning Guide (FHWA-JPO-08-057). The Guide ...

NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY: PROVIDING SOLUTIONS FOR A BETTER TOMORROW

EPA Science Inventory

This small, two-fold flyer contains general information introducing EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory and its research program. The key overarching areas of research described are: Protection of drinking water; control of air pollution; pollution prevention and e...

Wright Flyer detail in Bob McCall's Centennial of Flight mural

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-06-05

The mural was created to celebrate the achievements of Wilbur and Orville Wright and to commemorate a century of powered flight. Central to the composition is the 1903 Wright Flyer. "On Dec. 17, 1903, the Wright brothers inaugurated the aerial age with their successful first flights of a heavier-than-air flying machine at Kitty Hawk, N.C. This airplane, known as the Wright Flyer, sometimes referred to as the Kitty Hawk Flyer, was the product of a sophisticated four-year program of research and development conducted by Wilbur and Orville Wright beginning in 1899. During the Wrights' design and construction of their experimental aircraft, they also pioneered many of the basic tenets and techniques of modern aeronautical engineering, such as the use of a wind tunnel and flight testing as design tools. Their seminal accomplishment encompassed not only the breakthrough first flight of an airplane, but also the equally important achievement of establishing the foundation of aeronautical engineering." Dr. Peter Jakab, Curator of Aviation, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution "Celebrating One Hundred Years of Powered Flight, 1903-2003", documents many significant achievements in aeronautics and space flight from the dawn of powered flight to the present. Historic aircraft and spacecraft serve as the backdrop, highlighting six figures representing the human element that made these milestones possible. These figures stand, symbolically supported by the words of Wilbur Wright, "It is my belief that flight is possible…" The quote was taken from a letter written to his father on September 3rd, 1900, announcing Wilbur's intention to make "some experiments with a flying machine" at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. "This year, Bob is helping us commemorate the Centennial of Flight with a beautiful mural slated for placement in our Dryden Flight Research Center that documents the history of flight from the Wright Flyer to the International Space Station. We should

Biologically-inspired navigation and flight control for Mars flyer missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thakoor, S.; Chahl, J.; Hine, B.; Zornetzer, S.

2003-01-01

Bioinspired Engineering Exploration Systems (BEES), is enabling new bioinspired sensors for autonomous exploration of Mars. The steps towards autonomy in development of these BEES flyers are described. A future set of Mars mission that are uniquely enabled by surch flyers are finally described.

Marketing Your Camp to Diverse Populations: Tips To Reach Ethnic Markets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicodemus, Teresa

2000-01-01

Cultural differences enhance the wonder of camp. Tips for reaching diverse populations include emphasizing multicultural programming in promotional materials, distributing flyers in diverse neighborhoods, having diverse staff, advertising on radio stations popular with ethnic communities, offering scholarships, advertising through national ethnic…

ASSESSING AND MANAGING MERCURY FROM HISTORIC AND CURRENT MINING ACTIVITIES (PROGRAM FLYER)

EPA Science Inventory

The conference is designed to achieve three primary goals:

Convey public, non-profit and priva sector perspectives on the assessment and management of mercury associated with mining processes, residuals and environmental impacters

Identify data gaps and information ...

Los Angeles congestion reduction demonstration (Metro ExpressLanes) program. National evaluation : content analysis test plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-11-01

This flyer summarizes the identified human factors research needs for integrated in-vehicle systems for transit vehicles, one of five configurations of in-vehicle safety and driver information systems. A complete review of the research needs for all ...

Multi-parametric studies of electrically-driven flyer plates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neal, William; Bowden, Michael; Explosive Trains; Devices Collaboration

2015-06-01

Exploding foil initiator (EFI) detonators function by the acceleration of a flyer plate, by the electrical explosion of a metallic bridge, into an explosive pellet. The length, and therefore time, scales of this shock initation process is dominated by the magnitude and duration of the imparted shock pulse. To predict the dynamics of this initiation, it is critical to further understand the velocity, shape and thickness of this flyer plate. This study uses multi-parametric diagnostics to investigate the geometry and velocity of the flyer plate upon impact including the imparted electrical energy: photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV), dual axis imaging, time-resolved impact imaging, voltage and current. The investigation challenges the validity of traditional assumptions about the state of the flyer plate at impact and discusses the improved understanding of the process.

Avionics for a Small Satellite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, Larry; Jochim, David; Schuler, Robert

2001-01-01

This paper discusses a small. seven and a half (7.5) inch diameter. satellite that NASA-JSC is developing as a technology demonstrator for an astronaut assistant free flyer. The Free Flyer is designed to off load flight crew work load by performing inspections of the exterior of Space Shuttle or International Space Station. The Free Flyer is designed to be operated by the flight crew thereby reducing the number of Extra Vehicle Activities (EVA) or by an astronaut on the ground further reducing crew work load. The paper focuses on the design constraint of a small satellite and the technology approach used to achieve the set of high performance requirements specified for the Free Flyer. Particular attention is paid to the processor card as it is the heart and system integration point of the Free Flyer.

Materials processing in space: Future technology trends

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barter, N. J.

1980-01-01

NASA's materials processing in space- (MPS) program involves both ground and space-based research and looks to frequent and cost effective access to the space environment for necessary progress. The first generation payloads for research are under active design and development. They will be hosted by the Space Shuttle/Spacelab on Earth orbital flights in the early 1980's. hese missions will focus on the acquisition of materials behavior research data, the potential enhancement of Earth based technology, and the implementation of space based processing for specialized, high value materials. Some materials to be studied in these payloads may provide future breakthroughs for stronger alloys, ultrapure glasses, superior electronic components, and new or better chemicals. An operational 25 kW power system is expected to be operational to support sustained, systematic space processing activity beyond shuttle capability for second generation payload systems for SPACELAB and free flyer missions to study solidification and crystal growth and to process metal/alloys, glasses/ceramics, and chemicals and biologicals.

The Conference Proceedings of the 2001 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) of the WCTR Society. Volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Yeong-Heok (Editor); Bowen, Brent D. (Editor); Tarry, Scott E. (Editor)

2001-01-01

The ATRS held its Annual conference at Jeju Island, Korea in July 2001. The conference was a success with nearly 140 participants including 70 presenters. This report contains presentations from Volume 1 on the following: Airline and Travel Agent Relationships in Asia;Benchmarking Aviation Safety in the Commercial Airline Industry;Impact of Frequent Flyer Program on the Demand for Air Travel; Application of Genetic Algorithm on Airline Schedule;The Effects of Dual Carrier Designation and Partial Liberalization: The Case of Canada;Defense of Air Carriers and Air Agencies in FAA Enforcement proceedin gs - Damage Control Before the Case Arises; Cost Incentives for Airline Mergers? - An examination on the cost impact of U.S. airline mergers and acquisitions;Airport Regulation, Airline Competition and Canada's Airport System; Airline Competition: The Case of Israel's Domestic Doupoly; Non-Financial Indicators of Airline Distress: A Conceptual Approach;and Airport Privatization: An Empirical Analysis of Financial and Operational Efficiency.

Fiber optic mounted laser driven flyer plates

DOEpatents

Paisley, Dennis L.

1991-01-01

A laser driven flyer plate where the flyer plate is deposited directly onto the squared end of an optical fiber. The plasma generated by a laser pulse drives the flyer plate toward a target. In another embodiment, a first metal layer is deposited onto the squared end of an optical fiber, followed by a layer of a dielectric material and a second metal layer. The laser pulse generates a plasma in the first metal layer, but the plasma is kept away from the second metal layer by the dielectric layer until the pressure reaches the point where shearing occurs.

76 FR 70723 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-15

... phone-based information about the availability of EHC Program materials including: (1) Wall posters in... project has the following goals: (1) Summarize marketing efforts in terms of total numbers of posters... determine if patients: (a) Saw and understood the marketing materials (e.g., posters and flyers) in clinic...

Carbon-assisted flyer plates

DOEpatents

Stahl, D.B.; Paisley, D.L.

1994-04-12

A laser driven flyer plate is described utilizing an optical fiber connected to a laser. The end of the optical fiber has a layer of carbon and a metal layer deposited onto it. The carbon layer provides the laser induced plasma which is superior to the plasma produced from most metals. The carbon layer plasma is capable of providing a flatter flyer plate, converting more of the laser energy to driving plasma, promoting a higher flyer plate acceleration, and providing a more uniform pulse behind the plate. In another embodiment, the laser is in optical communication with a substrate onto which a layer of carbon and a layer of metal have been deposited. 2 figures.

A Microsample Tensile Test Application: Local Strength of Impact Welds Between Sheet Metals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benzing, J. T.; He, M.; Vivek, A.; Taber, G. A.; Mills, M. J.; Daehn, G. S.

2017-03-01

Microsample tensile testing was conducted to evaluate the quality of impact welds created by vaporizing foil actuator welding. Tensile test samples with a gauge length of 0.6 mm were electro-discharge machined out of welds created between 1-mm-thick aluminum alloy type 6061 (AA6061) sheets and 6-mm-thick copper (Cu110) plates. Aluminum sheets were used as flyers, while copper plates acted as targets. Flyer sheets in T6 as well as T4 temper conditions were utilized to create welds. Some of the welds made with T4 temper flyers were heat treated to a T6 temper. It was found that the welds made with T4 temper flyers were slightly stronger (max. of 270 MPa) than those produced with T6 temper flyers. Generally, failure propagated in a brittle manner across the weld interface; however, elemental mapping reveals material transfer on either member of the welded system. This work proves the feasibility to apply microsample tensile testing to assess impact welding, even when conducted with flyer sheets of 1 mm or less, and provides insight that is complementary to other test methods.

Separation dynamics of the COMET FreeFlyer and an upper stage STAR-48V motor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fuller, Kevin M.; Myers, Carter H.

1993-01-01

In this report, the orbital separation between a STAR-48V upperstage motor and the COMET FreeFlyer is investigated. The time from nominal STAR-48 engine burnout is to be determined such that the STAR-48 will not collide with the FreeFlyer once the separation process has been initiated. To analyze this separation, the forces acting upon both the FreeFlyer and the STAR-48 are described in a body fixed coordinate system. These coordinates are then transformed into an Euler coordinate system and then further transformed into a relative inertial coordinate system. From this analysis and some basic assumptions about the Star-48/FreeFlyer vehicle, it can be concluded that the STAR-48 will not collide with the Free Flyer if the separation occurs at 120 seconds after nominal burnout of the STAR-48. In fact, the separation delay could be a shorter period of time, but it is recommended that this separation delay be as long as possible for risk mitigation. This delay is currently designed to be 120 seconds and the analysis presented in this report shows that this time is acceptable.

Bistable flapping of flexible flyers in oscillatory flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Yangyang; Kanso, Eva

2016-11-01

Biological and bio-inspired flyers move by shape actuation. The direct control of shape variables for locomotory purposes is well studied. Less is known about indirect shape actuation via the fluid medium. Here, we consider a flexible Λ-flyer in oscillatory flow that is free to flap and rotate around its fixed apex. We study its motion in the context of the inviscid vortex sheet model. We first analyze symmetric flapping about the vertical axis of gravity. We find that there is a finite value of the flexibility that maximizes both the flapping amplitude and elastic energy storage. Our results show that rather than resonance, the flyer relies on fluidic effects to optimize these two quantities. We then perturb the flyer away from the vertical and analyze its stability. Four distinct types of rolling behavior are identified: mono-stable, bistable, bistable oscillatory rotations and chaotic dynamics. We categorize these types of behavior in terms of the flyer's and flow parameters. In particular, the transition from mono-stable to bistable behavior occurs at a constant value of the product of the flow amplitude and acceleration. This product can be interpreted as the ratio of fluidic drag to gravity, confirming the fluid role in this transition.

Time-resolved imaging of flyer dynamics for femtosecond laser-induced backward transfer of solid polymer thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feinaeugle, M.; Gregorčič, P.; Heath, D. J.; Mills, B.; Eason, R. W.

2017-02-01

We have studied the transfer regimes and dynamics of polymer flyers from laser-induced backward transfer (LIBT) via time-resolved shadowgraphy. Imaging of the flyer ejection phase of LIBT of 3.8 μm and 6.4 μm thick SU-8 polymer films on germanium and silicon carrier substrates was performed over a time delay range of 1.4-16.4 μs after arrival of the laser pulse. The experiments were carried out with 150 fs, 800 nm pulses spatially shaped using a digital micromirror device, and laser fluences of up to 3.5 J/cm2 while images were recorded via a CCD camera and a spark discharge lamp. Velocities of flyers found in the range of 6-20 m/s, and the intact and fragmented ejection regimes, were a function of donor thickness, carrier and laser fluence. The crater profile of the donor after transfer and the resulting flyer profile indicated different flyer ejection modes for Si carriers and high fluences. The results contribute to better understanding of the LIBT process, and help to determine experimental parameters for successful LIBT of intact deposits.

Revising and Updating the Natural Resources and Aquaculture Components of the Connecticut Vocational Agriculture Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berggren, Frederick W.

Materials, including curriculum units, are provided for the natural resources and aquaculture components of the vocational agriculture curriculum. Aquaculture is a new component, added because of increased recognition of the opportunities offered by Connecticut's rich shoreline resources. A brochure and flyer on the aquaculture program follow a…

WORKSHOP ON MERCURY IN PRODUCTS, PROCESSES, WASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ELIMINATING, REDUCING AND MANAGING RISKS FROM NON-COMBUSTION SOURCES (PROGRAM FLYER)

EPA Science Inventory

The Workshop is designed to achieve three goals:
1. Convey public and private sector perspectives on the management of mercury in products, processes, and wastes;
2. Present ongoing efforts that address mercury prevention, elimination, noncombustion treatment and disposal; ...

Opportunities for research in space life sciences aboard commercial suborbital flights.

PubMed

Wagner, Erika B; Charles, John B; Cuttino, Charles Marsh

2009-11-01

The emergence of commercial suborbital spaceflight offers a wide range of new research and development opportunities for those in the space life sciences. Large numbers of diverse flyers, frequent re-flights, and flexible operations provide a fertile ground for both basic and applied science, as well as technology demonstrations. This commentary explores some of the unique features available to the space life science community and encourages engagement with commercial developers and operators during the design phase to help optimize platform designs and operations for future research.

Essential science for understanding risks from radiation for airline passengers and crews

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knipp, Delores J.

2017-04-01

This commentary addresses the essential science and return-on-investment related to radiation risks for airline passengers and crews. The focus is on two recent NASA efforts to obtain data on radiation at and above commercial flight altitudes. Given that cosmic ray fluxes will likely be the highest since the dawn of the aviation age during the upcoming solar minimum, measuring high-altitude radiation dose and turning those data into useful information for aviation operators, schedulers, and frequent flyers will provide support for key decisions.

Using laser-driven flyer plates to study the shock initiation of nanoenergetic materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaw, William; Dlott, Dana

2013-06-01

A tabletop system has been developed to launch aluminum laser-driven flyer plates at speeds up to 4 km/s. The flyer plates are used to initiate a variety of nanoenergetic materials including aluminum/iron oxide particles produced by arrested ball milling, and multi-layer nano-thermites produced by sputtering. The initiation process is probed by a variety of high-speed diagnostics including time-resolved emission spectroscopy. Impact velocity initiation thresholds for different thickness flyer plates, producing different duration shocks, were determined. The durations of the emission bursts and the effects of nanostructure and microstructure on these bursts were used to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of impact initiation.

Development of a flyer design to perform plate impact shock-release-shock experiments on explosives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finnegan, Simon; Ferguson, James; Millett, Jeremy; Goff, Michael

2017-06-01

A flyer design to generate a shock-release-shock loading history within a gas gun target was developed before being used to study the response of an HMX based explosive. The flyer consisted of two flyer plates separated by a vacuum gap. This created a rear free surface that, with correct material choice, allowed the target to release to close to ambient pressure between the initial shock and subsequent re-shock. The design was validated by impacting piezoelectric pin arrays to record the front flyer deformation. Shots were performed on PCTFE targets to record the shock states generated in an inert material prior to subjecting an HMX based explosive to the same loading. The response of the explosive to this loading history was recorded using magnetic particle velocity (PV) gauges embedded within the targets. The behavior during the run to detonation is compared with the response to sustained shocks at similar input pressures.

Laser-driven flyer application in thin film dissimilar materials welding and spalling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Huimin; Wang, Yuliang

2017-10-01

This paper applied a low cost method to pack and drive laser-driven flyer in the applications of welding and spalling. The laser system has the maximum energy of 3.1 J, which is much lower than that used in the previous study. The chemical release energy from the ablative layer was estimated as 3.7 J. The flying characteristic of laser-driven flyer was studied by measuring the flyer velocity at different locations with photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV). The application of laser-driven flyer in welding Al and Cu was investigated at different laser spot size. Weld strength was measured with the peel test. Weld interface was characterized with optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study of application of laser-driven flyer in spalling was carried out for both brittle and ductile materials. The impact pressure was calculated based on the Hugoniot data. The amount of spalling was not only related to the impact pressure but also related to the duration of impact pressure. The fractography of spalled fracture surface was studied and revealed that the fracture mode was related to the strain rate. The spall strength of Cu 110, Al 1100 and Ni 201was measured and was consistent with the literature data.

International collaboration on Russian spacecraft and the case for free flyer biosatellites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grindeland, Richard E.; Ilyin, Eugene A.; Holley, Daniel C.; Skidmore, Michael G.

2005-01-01

Animal research has been critical to the initiation and progress of space exploration. Animals were the original explorers of "space" two centuries ago and have played a crucial role by demonstrating that the space environment, with precautions, is compatible with human survival. Studies of mammals have yielded much of our knowledge of space physiology. As spaceflights to other planets are anticipated, animal research will continue to be essential to further reveal space physiology and to enable the longer missions. Much of the physiology data collected from space was obtained from the Cosmos (Bion) spaceflights, a series of Russian (Soviet)-International collaborative flights, over a 22 year period, which employed unmanned, free flyer biosatellites. Begun as a Soviet-only program, after the second flight the Russians invited American and other foreign scientists to participate. This program filled the 10 year hiatus between the last US biosatellite and the first animal experiments on the shuttles. Of the 11 flights in the Cosmos program nine of them were international; the flights continued over the years regardless of political differences between the Soviet Union and the Western world. The science evolved from sharing tissues to joint international planning and development, and from rat postmortem tissue analysis to in vivo measurements of a host of monkey physiological parameters during flight. Many types of biological specimens were carried on the modified Vostok spacecraft, but only the mammalian studies are discussed herein. The types of studies done encompass the full range of physiology and have begun to answer "critical" questions of space physiology posed by various ad hoc committees. The studies have not only yielded a prodigious and significant body of data, they have also introduced some new perspectives in physiology. A number of the physiological insights gained are relevant to physiology on Earth. The Cosmos flights also added significantly to flight-related technology, some of which also has application on our planet. In summary, the Cosmos biosatellite flights were extremely productive and of low cost. The Bion vehicles are versatile in that they can be placed into a variety of orbits and altitudes, and can carry radiation sources or other hazardous material which cannot be carried on manned vehicles. With recent advances in sensor, robotic, and data processing technology, future free flyers will be even more productive, and will largely preclude the need to fly animal experiments on manned vehicles. Currently, mammalian researchers do not have access to space for an unknown time, seriously impeding the advancement and understanding of space physiology during long duration missions. Initiation of a new, international program of free flyer biosatellites is critical to our further understanding of space physiology, and essential to continued human exploration of space.

The propulsive capability of explosives heavily loaded with inert materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiseau, J.; Georges, W.; Frost, D. L.; Higgins, A. J.

2018-01-01

The effect of inert dilution on the accelerating ability of high explosives for both grazing and normal detonations was studied. The explosives considered were: (1) neat, amine-sensitized nitromethane (NM), (2) packed beds of glass, steel, or tungsten particles saturated with amine-sensitized NM, (3) NM gelled with PMMA containing dispersed glass microballoons, (4) NM gelled with PMMA containing glass microballoons and steel particles, and (5) C-4 containing varying mass fractions of glass or steel particles. Flyer velocity was measured via photonic Doppler velocimetry, and the results were analysed using a Gurney model augmented to include the influence of the diluent. Reduction in accelerating ability with increasing dilution for the amine-sensitized NM, gelled NM, and C-4 was measured experimentally. Variation of flyer terminal velocity with the ratio of flyer mass to charge mass (M/C) was measured for both grazing and normally incident detonations in gelled NM containing 10% microballoons by mass and for steel beads saturated with amine-sensitized NM. Finally, flyer velocity was measured in grazing versus normal loading for a number of explosive admixtures. The augmented Gurney model predicted the effect of dilution on accelerating ability and the scaling of flyer velocity with M/C for mixtures containing low-density diluents. The augmented Gurney model failed to predict the scaling of flyer velocity with M/C for mixtures heavily loaded with dense diluents. In all cases, normally incident detonations propelled flyers to higher velocity than the equivalent grazing detonations because of material velocity imparted by the incident shock wave and momentum/energy transfer from the slapper used to uniformly initiate the charge.

The propulsive capability of explosives heavily loaded with inert materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiseau, J.; Georges, W.; Frost, D. L.; Higgins, A. J.

2018-07-01

The effect of inert dilution on the accelerating ability of high explosives for both grazing and normal detonations was studied. The explosives considered were: (1) neat, amine-sensitized nitromethane (NM), (2) packed beds of glass, steel, or tungsten particles saturated with amine-sensitized NM, (3) NM gelled with PMMA containing dispersed glass microballoons, (4) NM gelled with PMMA containing glass microballoons and steel particles, and (5) C-4 containing varying mass fractions of glass or steel particles. Flyer velocity was measured via photonic Doppler velocimetry, and the results were analysed using a Gurney model augmented to include the influence of the diluent. Reduction in accelerating ability with increasing dilution for the amine-sensitized NM, gelled NM, and C-4 was measured experimentally. Variation of flyer terminal velocity with the ratio of flyer mass to charge mass ( M/ C) was measured for both grazing and normally incident detonations in gelled NM containing 10% microballoons by mass and for steel beads saturated with amine-sensitized NM. Finally, flyer velocity was measured in grazing versus normal loading for a number of explosive admixtures. The augmented Gurney model predicted the effect of dilution on accelerating ability and the scaling of flyer velocity with M/ C for mixtures containing low-density diluents. The augmented Gurney model failed to predict the scaling of flyer velocity with M/ C for mixtures heavily loaded with dense diluents. In all cases, normally incident detonations propelled flyers to higher velocity than the equivalent grazing detonations because of material velocity imparted by the incident shock wave and momentum/energy transfer from the slapper used to uniformly initiate the charge.

STS-72 Space Shuttle Mission Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fricke, Robert W., Jr.

1996-01-01

The STS-72 Space Shuttle Program Mission Report summarizes the Payload activities as well as the Orbiter, External Tank (ET), Solid Rocket Booster (SRB), Reusable Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM), and the Space Shuttle main engine (SSME) systems performance during the seventy-fourth flight of the Space Shuttle Program, the forty-ninth flight since the return-to-flight, and the tenth flight of the Orbiter Endeavour (OV-105). In addition to the Orbiter, the flight vehicle consisted of an ET that was designated ET-75; three Block I SSME's that were designated as serial numbers 2028, 2039, and 2036 in positions 1, 2, and 3, respectively; and two SRB's that were designated BI-077. The RSRM's, designated RSRM-52, were installed in each SRB and the individual RSRM's were designated as 36OW052A for the left SRB, and 36OW052B for the right SRB. Appendix A lists the sources of data, both formal and informal, that were used to prepare this report. The primary objectives of this flight were to retrieve the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (JSFU) and deploy and retrieve the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-Flyer (OAST-Flyer). Secondary objectives were to perform the operations of the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV/A) experiment, Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA)/get-Away Special (GAS) payload, Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment/National Institutes of Health-Cells (STL/NIH-C) experiment, Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System (PCG-STES) experiment, Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG) payload and perform two extravehicular activities (EVA's) to demonstrate International Space Station Alpha (ISSA) assembly techniques). Appendix B provides the definition of acronyms and abbreviations used throughout the report. All times during the flight are given in Greenwich mean time (GMT) and mission elapsed time (MET).

Note: Heated flyer-plate impact system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dolan, D. H.; Seagle, C. T.; Ao, T.; Hacking, R. G.

2014-07-01

A technique for launching heated flyer plates was developed on a single-stage gas gun. This type of impact creates a well-posed mechanical state and a tunable thermal state, which is useful for calibrating dynamic temperature measurements. Proof-of-principle thermoreflectance measurements were performed using this technique. Since the target remains at room temperature until the moment of impact, heated flyers avoid differential expansion and annealing issues, allowing novel impact experiments to be performed.

Note: Heated flyer-plate impact system.

PubMed

Dolan, D H; Seagle, C T; Ao, T; Hacking, R G

2014-07-01

A technique for launching heated flyer plates was developed on a single-stage gas gun. This type of impact creates a well-posed mechanical state and a tunable thermal state, which is useful for calibrating dynamic temperature measurements. Proof-of-principle thermoreflectance measurements were performed using this technique. Since the target remains at room temperature until the moment of impact, heated flyers avoid differential expansion and annealing issues, allowing novel impact experiments to be performed.

KSC-06pd0211

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During fueling of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer before dawn on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), Sir Richard Branson talks to the media. Branson is chairman and founder of Virgin Atlantic. The GlobalFlyer is in the background. Steve Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett is expected to take off from the KSC SLF. Later, takeoff of the GlobalFlyer was postponed due to a fuel leak that appeared during the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0210

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During fueling of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer before dawn on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), Sir Richard Branson talks to the media. Branson is chairman and founder of Virgin Atlantic. The GlobalFlyer is in the background. Steve Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett is expected to take off from the KSC SLF. Later, takeoff of the GlobalFlyer was postponed due to a fuel leak that appeared during the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

WORKSHOP ON THE CHARACTERIZATION, MODELING, REMEDIATION AND MONITORING OF MINING-IMPACTED PIT LAKES, SANDS RGENCY CASINO HOTEL, DOWNTOWN RENO, NV. APRIL 4-6, 2000 (PROGRAM FLYER)

EPA Science Inventory

The purpose of this workshop is to provide a forum for the exchange of scientific infomation on current approaches for assessing the characterization, monitoring, treatment and/or remediation of impacts on aquatic ecosystems including pit lakes from mining-related contamination i...

The LASSII Program: Objectives, Spacecraft Design, and Mission Scenarios for Full-Scale, Shuttle-Launched, Free-Flyer Operations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-16

5.6- 1 are the resulting heat flows through the MLI thermal protection sys- tem on the RAM surface of the spacecraft when it is exposed to direct...vii PARTICIPANTS IN PLANNING MEETINGS AND MISSION DEFINITION ........................... viii 1 . INTRODUCTION...94 * Electrical Heaters ........................................................................................... 94 " Thermal Control in the

Review of "Do High Flyers Maintain Their Altitude?"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Jaekyung

2011-01-01

The research report reviewed here concludes that many initially high-achieving students are falling further and further behind over the course of their years in school. The report intends to raise the alarm and to advocate for improved programs for these students. It is, however, a false alarm due to biased methodology and misleading arguments.…

Manned remote work station development article

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Flight article and associated design concepts are evaluated to meet fundamental requirements of a universal crew cabin to be used as a construction cherrypicker, a space crane turret, a railed work station, or a free flyer. Key technology developments are embodied into a simulation program. A schedule and simulation test plan matrix is given for the open cabin cherry picker.

Development of explosively driven launcher for meteoroid studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baum, D. W.

1973-01-01

The results of a continuing program to develop an explosively driven 2-stage hypervelocity launcher capable of achieving velocities between 15 and 20 km/sec are described. Previous efforts had identified incomplete barrel collapse as a limiting factor in launcher performance. Correlation of experimental and computational results obtained in the present study indicate that boundary-layer gases within the barrel act to prevent complete closure. Simplified calculations suggest that in-contact explosives may have insufficient energy densities to collapse the barrel against a developed boundary layer. Higher energy densities, sufficient to produce complete closure, were obtained with the use of steel flyer plates accelerated by a phased explosive lens. However, when flat flyer plates were impacted on the barrel, the sides of the barrel were observed to rupture and leak gas prior to barrel closure. A promising solution to this problem (untested) is to produce a symmetrical collapse with a cylindrical tube around the barrel.

Shock experiments and numerical simulations on low energy portable electrically exploding foil accelerators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saxena, A. K.; Kaushik, T. C.; Gupta, Satish C.

2010-03-01

Two low energy (1.6 and 8 kJ) portable electrically exploding foil accelerators are developed for moderately high pressure shock studies at small laboratory scale. Projectile velocities up to 4.0 km/s have been measured on Kapton flyers of thickness 125 μm and diameter 8 mm, using an in-house developed Fabry-Pérot velocimeter. An asymmetric tilt of typically few milliradians has been measured in flyers using fiber optic technique. High pressure impact experiments have been carried out on tantalum, and aluminum targets up to pressures of 27 and 18 GPa, respectively. Peak particle velocities at the target-glass interface as measured by Fabry-Pérot velocimeter have been found in good agreement with the reported equation of state data. A one-dimensional hydrodynamic code based on realistic models of equation of state and electrical resistivity has been developed to numerically simulate the flyer velocity profiles. The developed numerical scheme is validated against experimental and simulation data reported in literature on such systems. Numerically computed flyer velocity profiles and final flyer velocities have been found in close agreement with the previously reported experimental results with a significant improvement over reported magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Numerical modeling of low energy systems reported here predicts flyer velocity profiles higher than experimental values, indicating possibility of further improvement to achieve higher shock pressures.

Looking at the heart of low and high heart rate variability fearful flyers: self-reported anxiety when confronting feared stimuli.

PubMed

Bornas, Xavier; Llabrés, Jordi; Noguera, Miquel; López, Ana Ma; Barceló, Francesca; Tortella-Feliu, Miquel; Fullana, Miquel Angel

2005-12-01

Previous research has shown that phobic subjects with low heart rate variability (HRV) are less able to inhibit an inappropriate response when confronted with threatening words compared to phobic subjects with high HRV [Johnsen, B.H., Thayer, J.F., Laberg, J.C., Wormnes, B., Raadal, M., Skaret, E., et al., 2003. Attentional and physiological characteristics of patients with dental anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17, 75-87]. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in self-reported anxiety when low HRV and high HRV fearful flyers (N=15) and a matched control group (N=15) were exposed to flight-related pictures, flight-related sounds or both pictures and sounds. We hypothesized that sounds would be crucial to evoke fear. Also, low HRV fearful flyers were expected to report higher anxiety than high HRV fearful flyers assuming anxiety as their inappropriate response. Decreases on HRV measures were also predicted for a subgroup of phobic participants (N=10) when confronted with the feared stimuli. Our data supported the hypothesis that sounds are crucial in this kind of phobia. Low HRV fearful flyers reported higher anxiety than high HRV fearful flyers in two out of three aversive conditions. The predicted HRV decreases were not found in this study. Results are discussed in the context of avoidance of exposure-based treatments.

Lymphedema

MedlinePlus

... Lymphedema & Lymphatic Diseases About Us Mission History Your Investment Partners and Supporting Members LE&RN Informational Flyer ... Lymphedema & Lymphatic Diseases About Us Mission History Your Investment Partners and Supporting Members LE&RN Informational Flyer ...

Short pulse duration shock initiation experiments plus ignition and growth modeling on Composition B

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

May, Chadd M.; Tarver, Craig M.

2014-05-01

Composition B (63% RDX, 36% TNT, 1% wax) is still a widely used energetic material whose shock initiation characteristics are necessary to understand. It is now possible to shock initiate Composition B and other secondary explosives at diameters well below their characteristic failure diameters for unconfined self-sustaining detonation. This is done using very high velocity, very thin, small diameter flyer plates accelerated by electric or laser power sources. Recently experimental detonation versus failure to detonate threshold flyer velocity curves for Composition B using several KaptonTM flyer thicknesses and diameters were measured. Flyer plates with diameters of 2 mm successfully detonated Composition B, which has a nominal failure diameter of 4.3 mm. The shock pressures required for these initiations are greater than the Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) pressure in self-sustaining Composition B detonation waves. The initiation process is two-dimensional, because both rear and side rarefactions can affect the shocked Composition B reaction rates. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model for Composition B is extended to yield accurate simulations of this new threshold velocity data for various flyer thicknesses.

A comparison of the Space Station version of ASTROMAG with two free-flyer versions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Green, M. A.

1992-06-01

The Space Station version of ASTROMAG is compared with free-flyer versions of ASTROMAG which could fly on an Atlas 2a rocket and a Delta rocket. Launch with either free-flyer imposes severe weight limits on the magnet and its cryogenic system. Both versions of ASTROMAG magnet which fly on free-flying satellites do not have to be charged more than once during the mission. This permits one to simplify the charging system and the cryogenic system. The helium 2 pump loop which supplies helium to the gas cooled electrical leads can be eliminated in both of the free-flyer versions of the ASTROMAG magnet. The superconducting dipole moment correction coils which are necessary for the magnet to operate on a free-flying satellite are described.

Egomotion Estimation with Optic Flow and Air Velocity Sensors

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-22

RUMMELT ADAM J. RUTKOWSKI Acting Technical Advisor, RWW Program Manager This report is...method of distance and groundspeed estimation using an omnidirectional camera, but knowledge of the average scene distance is required. Flight height...varying wind and even over sloped terrain. Our method also does not require any prior knowledge of the environment or the flyer motion states. This

OBPR Free Flyer draft roadmap overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Israelsson, Ulf

2005-01-01

OBPR Free Flyer Roadmap Purpose is to describe the OBPR research which is enabled by a free flying spacecraft capability To illustrate how research performed on free flying spacecrafts complement current and planned OBPR ISS activities.

Why does LTPP require site-specific traffic loading data?

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

This flyer summarizes recent documents and training materials concerning road weather management and surface transportation published since June 2011. It includes reports, flyers, pamphlets, and training courses to show the progress made in the manag...

How wing compliance drives the efficiency of self-propelled flapping flyers.

PubMed

Thiria, Benjamin; Godoy-Diana, Ramiro

2010-07-01

Wing flexibility governs the flying performance of flapping-wing flyers. Here, we use a self-propelled flapping-wing model mounted on a "merry go round" to investigate the effect of wing compliance on the propulsive efficiency of the system. Our measurements show that the elastic nature of the wings can lead not only to a substantial reduction in the consumed power, but also to an increment of the propulsive force. A scaling analysis using a flexible plate model for the wings points out that, for flapping flyers in air, the time-dependent shape of the elastic bending wing is governed by the wing inertia. Based on this prediction, we define the ratio of the inertial forces deforming the wing to the elastic restoring force that limits the deformation as the elastoinertial number N(ei). Our measurements with the self-propelled model confirm that it is the appropriate structural parameter to describe flapping flyers with flexible wings.

The international space station as a free flyer servicing node

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antol, Jeffrey; Headley, David E.

1999-01-01

The International Space Station will provide a multitude of opportunities for an expanding customer base to make use of this international resource. One such opportunity is servicing of various visiting vehicles that are in a similar orbit to the station. Servicing may include change-out of payloads, replenishment of consumables, repair, and refurbishment operations. Previous studies have been conducted in which ``paper'' free flyers have been assessed against the station's ability to accommodate them. Over the last several months though, an already flown free flyer, EURECA, was assessed as a real-life visiting free flyer design reference mission. Issues such as capture/berthing, servicing, logistics support, and stowage were assessed for station design and operational approaches. This paper will highlight critical visiting vehicle design considerations, identify station issues, and provide recommendations for accommodation of a wide range of visiting vehicle requirements of the future.

The International Space Station As a Free Flyer Servicing Node

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antol, Jeffrey; Headley, David E.

1999-01-01

The International Space Station will provide a multitude of opportunities for an expanding customer base to make use of this international resource. One such opportunity is servicing of various visiting vehicles that are in a similar orbit to the station. Servicing may include change-out of payloads, replenishment of consumables, repair, and refurbishment operations. Previous studies have been conducted in which "paper" free flyers have been assessed against the station s ability to accommodate them. Over the last several months though, an already flown free flyer, EURECA, was assessed as a real-life visiting free flyer design reference mission. Issues such as capture/berthing, servicing, logistics support, and stowage were assessed for station design and operational approaches. This paper will highlight critical visiting vehicle design considerations, identify station issues, and provide recommendations for accommodation of a wide range of visiting vehicle requirements of the future.

Student Support to WL/ML and WL/AA

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

the program, so please be candid. I. How did you learn about the Student Support Program? Check one. 14 a) Advertisement (flyer, brochure, campus paper...scientific research 25 27 3 1 3. I was satisfied with the way I spent my time 41 13 2 0 4. I learned a lot 32 21 3 0 5. I feel I contributed to the research...are being sought out and tested daily with the hope that from deep within these crystalline fretworks a signal may appear leading to further study and

Weather-responsive traffic management : real solutions for serious traffic problems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-01

This flyer describes how weather responsive traffic management (WRTM) can prevent or mitigate the effects of weather on traffic operations and reduce congestion. The three types of WRTM described in the flyer include 1) Advisory strategies that provi...

KSC-06pd0209

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Before dawn, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer is being fueled on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF). Steve Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett is expected to take off from the KSC SLF. Later, takeoff of the GlobalFlyer was postponed due to a fuel leak that appeared during the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 1: Astronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The space astronomy missions to be accomplished by the space shuttle are discussed. The principal instrument is the Large Space Telescope optimized for the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum, but usable also in the infrared. Two infrared telescopes are also proposed and their characteristics are described. Other instruments considered for the astronomical observations are: (1) a very wide angle ultraviolet camera, (2) a grazing incidence telescope, (3) Explorer-class free flyers to measure the cosmic microwave background, and (4) rocket-class instruments which can fly frequently on a variety of missions. The stability requirements of the space shuttle for accomplishing the astronomy mission are defined.

Americas from the Moon

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-15

The western hemisphere of our home planet Earth. North (upper left), Central, and South America (lower right) were nicely free of clouds when LRO pointed home on 9 August 2010 to acquire this beautiful view. LROC NAC E136013771. As LRO orbits the Moon every two hours sending down a stream of science data, it is easy to forget how close the Moon is to the Earth. The average distance between the two heavenly bodies is just 384,399 km (238,854 miles). Check your airline frequent flyer totals, perhaps you have already flown the distance to the Moon and back on a single airline. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA13519

1. Photocopy of engraved flyer (from the collection of Dr. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Photocopy of engraved flyer (from the collection of Dr. Margaret Ballard, Union, West Virginia) H. Bartsch, engraver late 19th century AERIAL VIEW OF TOWN AND ADVERTISING SLOGANS - Red Sulphur Springs, Route 12, Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, WV

Locomotion of a bioinspired flyer powered by one pair of pitching foils

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiang; He, Guowei; Wang, Shizhao; Zhang, Xing

2018-01-01

We numerically investigate the flight dynamics and aerodynamics of a two-dimensional model for the jellyfishlike ornithopter recently devised by Ristroph and Childress [L. Ristroph and S. Childress, J. R. Soc. Interface 11, 20130992 (2014), 10.1098/rsif.2013.0992]. This simplified model is composed of two rigid thin foils which are forced to pitch in antiphase fashion. The Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid and the dynamics equations for the flyer are solved together in the simulations. We first consider the constrained-flying condition where the flyer model is only allowed to move in the vertical direction. The influences of the control parameters on the hovering performance are studied. With the variations in parameter values, three different locomotion states, i.e., ascending, descending, and approximate hovering, are identified. The wake structures corresponding to these three locomotion states are explored. It is found that the approximate hovering state cannot persist due to the occurrence of wake symmetry breaking after long-time simulation. We then consider the free-flying condition where the motions in three degrees of freedom are allowed. We study the postural stability of a flyer, with its center of gravity located at the geometric center. The responses of the flyer at different locomotion states to physical and numerical perturbations are examined. Our results show that the ascending state is recoverable after the perturbation. The descending state is irrecoverable after the perturbation and a mixed fluttering and tumbling motion which resembles that of a falling card emerges. The approximate hovering state is also irrecoverable and it eventually transits to the ascending state after the perturbation. The research sheds light on the lift-producing mechanism and stability of the flyer and the results are helpful in guiding the design and optimization of the jellyfishlike flying machine.

Butt Welding of 2205/X65 Bimetallic Sheet and Study on the Inhomogeneity of the Properties of the Welded Joint

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gou, Ning-Nian; Zhang, Jian-Xun; Wang, Jian-Long; Bi, Zong-Yue

2017-04-01

The explosively welded 2205 duplex stainless steel/X65 pipe steel bimetallic sheets were butt jointed by multilayer and multi-pass welding (gas tungsten arc welding for the flyer and gas metal arc welding for the transition and parent layers of the bimetallic sheets). The microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint were investigated. The results showed that in the thickness direction, microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint exhibited obvious inhomogeneity. The microstructures of parent filler layers consisted of acicular ferrite, widmanstatten ferrite, and a small amount of blocky ferrite. The microstructure of the transition layer and flyer layer consisted of both austenite and ferrite structures; however, the transition layer of weld had a higher volume fraction of austenite. The results of the microhardness test showed that in both weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the parent filler layers, the average hardness decreased with the increasing (from parent filler layer 1 to parent filler layer 3) welding heat input. The results of hardness test also indicated that the hardness of the WM and the HAZ for the flyer and transition layers was equivalent. The tensile test combined with Digital Specklegram Processing Technology demonstrated that the fracturing of the welded joint started at the HAZ of the flyer, and then the fracture grew toward the base metal of the parent flyer near the parent HAZ. The stratified impact test at -5 °C showed that the WM and HAZ of the flyer exhibited lower impact toughness, and the fracture mode was ductile and brittle mixed fracture.

High Strain Rate Material Behavior

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

data. iii Mr. Dennis Paisely conducted the single plate impact test. Mr. Danny Yaziv is responsible for developing the double flyer plate technique and...neck developed . The sharp rise in the flow stress is due to the increased strain-rates during necking. The maximum observed value of effective stress...for the material modeling. Computer programs and special purpose subroutines were developed to use the Bodner-Partom model in the STEALTH finite

Laser-launched flyer plate and confined laser ablation for shock wave loading: validation and applications.

PubMed

Paisley, Dennis L; Luo, Sheng-Nian; Greenfield, Scott R; Koskelo, Aaron C

2008-02-01

We present validation and some applications of two laser-driven shock wave loading techniques: laser-launched flyer plate and confined laser ablation. We characterize the flyer plate during flight and the dynamically loaded target with temporally and spatially resolved diagnostics. With transient imaging displacement interferometry, we demonstrate that the planarity (bow and tilt) of the loading induced by a spatially shaped laser pulse is within 2-7 mrad (with an average of 4+/-1 mrad), similar to that in conventional techniques including gas gun loading. Plasma heating of target is negligible, in particular, when a plasma shield is adopted. For flyer plate loading, supported shock waves can be achieved. Temporal shaping of the drive pulse in confined laser ablation allows for flexible loading, e.g., quasi-isentropic, Taylor-wave, and off-Hugoniot loading. These techniques can be utilized to investigate such dynamic responses of materials as Hugoniot elastic limit, plasticity, spall, shock roughness, equation of state, phase transition, and metallurgical characteristics of shock-recovered samples.

Characterisation and Modification of Thermally Stable High Explosives for Laser Flyer Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parker, A.; Claridge, R. P.; Proud, W. G.; Johnson, N. A.

2007-12-01

Laser initiation offers improved weapon survivability, versatility and greater Insensitive Munitions (IM) compliance. Detonators based on laser-driven flyers are less vulnerable to electrical initiation and can be based on insensitive secondary explosives. Additionally, this technology will offer advantages in terms of improved flexibility and reliability. Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and nonanitro-m-terphenyl (NONA) were selected for investigation at QinetiQ as their increased thermal stability over conventional explosives makes them ideal candidates for use in insensitive munition compliant applications. The response of these materials to short duration high-amplitude shock impulses provided by exploding foil initiators (EFI), the electrical equivalent of a laser-driven flyer system, was investigated. Preparation techniques including sonication and the incorporation of additives were used to sensitize the materials to flyer impact, yet maintain their insensitivity to external hazards. Sonication significantly reduced the particle size of both HNS and NONA. The reduced-size explosives exhibited increased sensitivity to EFI impact than the starting materials.

Yield strength measurement of shock-loaded metal by flyer-impact perturbation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Xiaojuan; Shi, Zhan

2018-06-01

Yield strength is one of the most important physical properties of a solid material, especially far from its melting line. The flyer-impact perturbation method measures material yield strength on the basis of correlation between the yield strength under shock compression and the damping of oscillatory perturbations in the shape of a shock front passing through the material. We used flyer-impact experiments on targets with machined grooves on the impact surface of shock 6061-T6 aluminum to between 32 and 61 GPa and recorded the evolution of the shock front perturbation amplitude in the sample with electric pins. Simulations using the elastic-plastic model can be matched to the experiments, explaining well the form of the perturbation decay and constraining the yield strength of 6061-T6 aluminum to be 1.31-1.75 GPa. These results are in agreement with values obtained from reshock and release wave profiles. We conclude that the flyer-impact perturbation method is indeed a new means to measure material strength.

Morphometrics of the avian lung. 4. The structural design of the charadriiform lung.

PubMed

Maina, J N

1987-04-01

The lungs of five charadriiform species of bird, two of which are good divers and three predominantly flyers (soarers and gliders) have been analysed by morphometric techniques. Largely the morphometric structural values in the divers significantly exceeded those of the flyers (gulls). The average weight specific surface area of the blood-gas (tissue) barrier in the divers (28.45 +/- 2.05 cm2 X g-1 SD) surpassed that of the flyers (23.5 +/- 3.61 cm2 X g-1 SD). The divers had a higher volume of the pulmonary capillary blood per unit body weight (4.42 +/- 0.11 cm3 X kg-1 SD) than the flyers (2.84 +/- 0.58 cm3 X kg-1 SD). The weight specific volume of the lung in the divers (34.90 +/- 3.11 cm3 X kg-1 SD) exceeded that of the flyers (26.94 +/- 3.15 cm3 X kg-1 SD). The total morphometric pulmonary diffusing capacity per unit body weight in the divers (4.73 +/- 0.05 ml O2 X (min X mm Hg X kg)-1 SD) was higher than that of the flyers (3.09 +/- 0.47 ml O2 X (min X mm Hg X kg)-1 SD). The divers, however, had a notably thicker blood-gas (tissue) barrier with a harmonic mean thickness of 0.212 +/- 0.03 micron SD compared to that of the flyers (0.138 +/- 0.02 micron SD). The data acquired here commensurate the modes of life exhibited by these two groups of bird. The divers, which are relatively energetic birds, expend a lot of energy to move and stay underwater, concomitantly undergoing prolonged asphyxia during submergence and may hence need to extract as much of the oxygen in the pulmonary air as possible to prolong a dive. These birds appear in general to have structurally better adapted lungs than those of the gulls, birds which to a large extent exhibit relatively less energetic soaring and gliding flights.

KSC-06pd0214

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Before dawn on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), Steve Fossett talks to the media about the anticipated flight of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett is expected to take off from the KSC SLF. Later, takeoff of the GlobalFlyer was postponed due to a fuel leak that appeared during the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0213

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Before dawn on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), Steve Fossett looks over the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer in preparation for flight.. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett is expected to take off from the KSC SLF. Later, takeoff of the GlobalFlyer was postponed due to a fuel leak that appeared during the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Shot H3837: Darht's first dual-axis explosive experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harsh, James F.; Hull, Lawrence; Mendez, Jacob; McNeil, Wendy Vogan

2012-03-01

Test H3837 was the first explosive shot performed in front of both flash x-ray axes at the Los Alamos Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility. Executed in November 2009, the shot was an explosively-driven metal flyer plate in a series of experiments designed to explore equation-of-state properties of shocked materials. Imaging the initial shock wave traveling through the flyer plate, DARHT Axis II captured the range of motion from the shock front emergence in the flyer to breakout at the free surface; the Axis I pulse provided a perpendicular perspective of the shot at a time coinciding with the third pulse of Axis II.

How to Control Airline Routes from the Supply Side: The Case of TAP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Button, Kenneth; Costa, Alvaro; Reis, Vasco

2005-01-01

Competition in the European airline industry is currently fierce in the face of depressed demand conditions, and in the wake of privatizations and liberalization. The Portuguese flag carrier, TAP Air Portugal, operates within this environment. It is a medium sized carrier that was part of the defunct Qualiflyer Group alliance and has recently joined the Star Alliance. It controls more than 50% of the air market between Europe and Brazil and Europe and Angola. Nevertheless, it has been experiencing financial losses. One reason for this is that, following the reasoning of Ronald Coase (1946), it is difficult for any company with decreasing average costs to recover full costs in a highly competitive market. One way of approaching the problem is to establish quasi-monopoly power and airlines have done this through such things as frequent flyer programs and hub-and-spoke operations. Other airlines, notably charter carriers, have sought to adjust capacity and services to meet an anticipated cash flow. In practice, many have used a combination of measures with mixed success. This paper focuses on how TAP has responded to changing conditions by adjusting its supply-side activities in terms of restructuring its network to maximize potential revenues.

Benchtop Energetics: Research Progress, Concept Evaluation, and Apparatus Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-31

have removed the relay imaging optics, and currently use a single 40 cm focal length lens, placed ≈ 48 cm from the target surface, to image the...24 1. Photographic Flyer Velocity Measurements ......................................... 24 2. Impact Luminescence Flyer...27 4. Time-Resolved Impact Luminescence Spectroscopy ........................... 28 E. Mass Spectrometric Diagnostics

SFU retrieval and berth in shuttle orbiter Endeavour's payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-01-13

STS072-734-011 (11 Jan. 1996) --- The crewmembers captured this 35mm view of the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU) during its berthing with the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). Yet to be deployed is the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) Flyer satellite, seen at bottom center.

Astrobee: Space Station Robotic Free Flyer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Provencher, Chris; Bualat, Maria G.; Barlow, Jonathan; Fong, Terrence W.; Smith, Marion F.; Smith, Ernest E.; Sanchez, Hugo S.

2016-01-01

Astrobee is a free flying robot that will fly inside the International Space Station and primarily serve as a research platform for robotics in zero gravity. Astrobee will also provide mobile camera views to ISS flight and payload controllers, and collect various sensor data within the ISS environment for the ISS Program. Astrobee consists of two free flying robots, a dock, and ground data system. This presentation provides an overview, high level design description, and project status.

KSC-06pd0219

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Pilot Steve Fossett talks to the media about the reason the takeoff of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer was postponed. Behind Fossett is Sir Richard Branson, chairman and founder of Virgin Atlantic. Behind both is the GlobalFlyer aircraft. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett was expected to take off from the KSC SLF before the takeoff was postponed due to the fuel leak that appeared in the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0216

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - As a rosy dawn creeps over the horizon, Deputy Associate Administrator for Exploration Operations Michael Foale (left) and astronaut Bill Readdy (center) talk to Steve Fossett about the anticipated flight of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett is expected to take off from the KSC SLF. Later, takeoff of the GlobalFlyer was postponed due to a fuel leak that appeared during the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0215

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - As a rosy dawn creeps over the horizon, team members check the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer before its early morning launch from NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF). Steve Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett is expected to take off from the KSC SLF. Later, takeoff of the GlobalFlyer was postponed due to a fuel leak that appeared during the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0212

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Before dawn on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), Sir Richard Branson talks to the media. Branson is chairman and founder of Virgin Atlantic, which is sponsoring the GlobalFlyer. Steve Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett is expected to take off from the KSC SLF. Later, takeoff of the GlobalFlyer was postponed due to a fuel leak that appeared during the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

The Spartan 207 free-flyer is held in a low-hover mode above its berth in the Space Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

STS-77 ESC VIEW --- The Spartan 207 free-flyer is held in a low-hover mode above its berth in the Space Shuttle Endeavour's cargo bay in the grasp of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The free-flyer was re-captured by the six crew members on May 21, 1996. The crew has spent a portion of the early stages of the mission in various activities involving the Spartan 207 and the related Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE). The Spartan project is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. GMT: 09:51:29.

A review of an attempt to create shatter cones with magnetic flyer plate technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Linnerud, H. J.

1981-01-01

The feasibility of creating shatter cones in a controlled laboratory environment is discussed. Magnetic flyer plate technology, which generates high amplitude shock waves in test materials is discribed. Considerable sample shear and break up was observed, however, no shatter cones are found in the tested samples.

Management of Library Security. SPEC Kit 247 and SPEC Flyer 247.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soete, George J., Comp.; Zimmerman, Glen, Comp.

This SPEC (Systems and Procedures Exchange Center) Kit and Flyer reports results of a survey conducted in January 1999 that examined how ARL (Association of Research Libraries) member libraries assure the safety and security of persons, library materials, physical facilities, furnishings, computer equipment, etc. Forty-five of the 122 ARL member…

Confronting a Neo-Nazi Hate Group

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furin, Terrance L.

2007-01-01

The peaceful quiet that often accompanies the warming of a mid-April morning in a rural/suburban school district outside Philadelphia was broken harshly when several alarmed high school students arrived at school with Neo-Nazi flyers. The flyers were designed to recruit new members into a hate group calling itself the Pottstown SS. In addition,…

The High-Potential Fast-Flying Achiever: Themes from the English Language Literature 1976-1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Altman, Yochanan

1997-01-01

Review of business management literature from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada identified the following: the images of high flyer, fast track, and high achiever; the meaning of success; emphasis on performance; corporate rites of passage; and opportunities for women to be high flyers. (SK)

Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU) satellite rendezvous

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-01-20

STS072-720-042 (13 Jan. 1996) --- The crew members captured this 70mm view of the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU) just prior to the jettisoning of the solar panels. Later, they used the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to latch onto the satellite and berth it in the Space Shuttle Endeavour’s aft cargo bay.

Magnetic booster fast ignition macron accelerator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winterberg, F.

2006-11-01

A new fast ignition scheme was recently proposed where the ignition is done by the impact of a small solid projectile accelerated to velocities in excess of 108cm/s, with the acceleration done in two steps: first, by laser ablation of a flyer plate, and second by injecting the flyer plate into a conical duct. The two principal difficulties of this scheme are as follows: first, the required large mass ratio for the laser ablation rocket propelled flyer plate, and second, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the flyer plate during its implosive compression in the conical duct. To overcome these difficulties, it is suggested to accelerate a projectile by a magnetic fusion booster stage, made up of a dense, wall-confined magnetized plasma brought to thermonuclear temperatures. After ignition, this plasma undergoes a thermonuclear excursion greatly increasing its pressure, resulting in the explosion of a weakened segment of the wall, with the segment becoming a fast moving projectile. The maximum velocity this projectile can reach is the velocity of sound of the booster stage plasma, which at a temperature of 108K is of the order 108cm/s.

High strain rate metalworking with vaporizing foil actuator: Control of flyer velocity by varying input energy and foil thickness

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vivek, A., E-mail: vivek.4@osu.edu; Hansen, S. R.; Daehn, Glenn S.

2014-07-15

Electrically driven rapid vaporization of thin metallic foils can generate a high pressure which can be used to launch flyers at high velocities. Recently, vaporizing foil actuators have been applied toward a variety of impulse-based metal working operations. In order to exercise control over this useful tool, it is imperative that an understanding of the effect of characteristics of the foil actuator on its ability for mechanical impulse generation is developed. Here, foil actuators made out of 0.0508 mm, 0.0762 mm, and 0.127 mm thick AA1145 were used for launching AA2024-T3 sheets of thickness 0.508 mm toward a photonic Dopplermore » velocimeter probe. Launch velocities ranging between 300 m/s and 1100 m/s were observed. In situ measurement of velocity, current, and voltage assisted in understanding the effect of burst current density and deposited electrical energy on average pressure and velocity with foil actuators of various thicknesses. For the pulse generator, geometry, and flyer used here, the 0.0762 mm thick foil was found to be optimal for launching flyers to high velocities over short distances. Experimenting with annealed foil actuators resulted in no change in the temporal evolution of flyer velocity as compared to foil actuators of full hard temper. A physics-based analytical model was developed and found to have reasonable agreement with experiment.« less

Recruitment of obese black women into a physical activity and nutrition intervention trial.

PubMed

Sharp, Lisa K; Fitzgibbon, Marian L; Schiffer, Linda

2008-11-01

Despite the increased health risks for obese Black women, relatively little research has explored physical activity and nutrition interventions for these women. This article describes the recruitment strategies used in a program designed specifically for obese Black women. Recruitment of Black women age 30 to 65 years with body mass indices between 30 kg/m2and 50 kg/m2was completed using in-person recruitment and flyers within 2 miles of the intervention site along with mass e-mails within the sponsoring university system. Medical clearance from a physician was an eligibility requirement because of Institutional Review Board safety concerns. Of the 690 women who were screened, 213 (31%) were eligible and randomized. The most common reason for exclusion was failure to return a medical clearance form (n = 167, 39% of ineligible). Different rates of efficiency were noted across recruitment approaches. Black women were successfully recruited using in-person community recruitment, e-mail, and community flyers within close proximity to the intervention site. Careful consideration should be given to the advantages and disadvantages of various recruitment strategies that might not generalize across studies.

Web Page Development and Management. SPEC Kit 246 and SPEC Flyer 246.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Yaping Peter, Comp.

This SPEC (Systems and Procedures Exchange Center) Kit and Flyer reports results of two surveys conducted in 1996 and 1998 that examined ARL (Association of Research Libraries) member libraries' World Wide Web history, development, use, and activities. Fifty-six out of the then 119 ARL member institutions responded to the 1996 survey, and 68 out…

KSC-06pd0220

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Pilot Steve Fossett (far right), Sir Richard Branson (center) and Jon Karkow (far left) talk to the media about the reason the takeoff of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer was postponed. Branson is chairman and founder of Virgin Atlantic. Karkow, with Scaled Composites, is chief engineer for the GlobalFlyer. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett was expected to take off from the KSC SLF before the takeoff was postponed due to the fuel leak that appeared in the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

The Spartan 207 free-flyer is held in a low-hover mode above its berth in the Space Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

STS-77 ESC VIEW --- The Spartan 207 free-flyer is held in a low-hover mode above its berth in the Space Shuttle Endeavour's cargo bay in the grasp of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The Spacehab module can be seen in the foreground. The free-flyer was re-captured by the six crew members on May 21, 1996. The crew has spent a portion of the early stages of the mission in various activities involving the Spartan 207 and the related Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE). The Spartan project is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. GMT: 09:51:50.

Patterning of Thick Parylene Films by Oxygen Plasma for Application as Exploding Foil Initiator Flyer Material

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

exploding foil initiator ( EFI ) type fuzes are being explored to...Acronyms Au gold Cr chromium Cu copper EFI exploding foil initiator BOE buffered oxide etch MEMS microelectromechanical systems RIE reactive ion...Patterning of Thick Parylene Films by Oxygen Plasma for Application as Exploding Foil Initiator Flyer Material by Eugene Zakar and Michael

Flying-plate detonator using a high-density high explosive

DOEpatents

Stroud, John R.; Ornellas, Donald L.

1988-01-01

A flying-plate detonator containing a high-density high explosive such as benzotrifuroxan (BTF). The detonator involves the electrical explosion of a thin metal foil which punches out a flyer from a layer overlying the foil, and the flyer striking a high-density explosive pellet of BTF, which is more thermally stable than the conventional detonator using pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN).

OAST-Flyer is deployed by the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) as viewed from the flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-01-14

STS072-320-014 (17 Jan. 1996) --- The end effect of the Space Shuttle Endeavour's Remote Manipulator System (RMS) is about to grapple the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology's (OAST) -- Flyer satellite. The view was recorded with a 35mm camera aimed through one of Endeavour's overheard windows on the aft flight deck.

Non-Gurney Scaling of Explosives Heavily Loaded with Dense Inert Additives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiseau, Jason; Higgins, Andrew; Frost, David

2017-06-01

For most high explosives, the ability to accelerate material to some terminal velocity scales with the ratio of material-mass to charge-mass (M/C) according to the Gurney equations. Generally, the Gurney equation for planar geometry accurately predicts the terminal velocity of the driven material until the M/C ratio is reduced to roughly 0.15 or lower; at which point gasdynamic departures from the assumptions in the model result in systematic underpredictions of the material velocity. The authors conducted a series of open-face sandwich flyer plate experiments to measure the scaling of flyer terminal velocity with M/C for a heterogeneous explosive composed of a packed bed of 280 μm steel particles saturated with amine-sensitized nitromethane (90% NM, 10% diethylenetriamine). The propulsive capability of this explosive did not scale according to a modified form of the Gurney equation. Rather, propulsive efficiency increased as the flyer plate became relatively thicker. In the present study the authors have conducted further experiments using this explosive in symmetric sandwiches as well as for normally-incident detonations initiated via a slapping foil to examine how flyer terminal velocity scales with M/C for alternative geometries and loading conditions.

An experimental study of an explosively driven flat plate launcher

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rae, Philip; Haroz, Erik; Armstrong, Chris; Perry, Lee; M Division Team

2017-06-01

For some upcoming experiments it is desired to impact a large explosive assembly with one or more moderate diameter flat metal plates traveling at high velocity (2-3 km s-1). The time of arrival of these plates will need to carefully controlled and delayed (i.e. the time(s) of arrival known to approximately a microsecond). For this reason, producing a flyer plate from more traditional gun assemblies is not possible. Previous researchers have demonstrated the ability to throw reasonably flat metal flyers from the so-called Forest flyer geometry. The defining characteristics of this design are a carefully controlled reduction in explosive area from a larger explosive plane-wave-lens and booster pad to a smaller flyer plate to improve the planarity of the drive available and an air gap between the explosive booster and the plate to reduce the peak tensile stresses generated in the plate to suppress spalling. This experimental series comprised a number of different design variants and plate and explosive drive materials. The aim was to calibrate a predictive computational modeling capability on this kind of system in preparation for later more radical design ideas best tested in a computer before undertaking the expensive business of construction.

Material strength measured by flyer-impact perturbation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Xiaojuan; Asimow, Paul; Fatyanov, Oleg; Liu, Fusheng

2017-06-01

Yield strength is one of the most important physical properties of a solid material, especially far from its melting line. The flyer-impact perturbation method measures material yield strength on the basis of correlation between the yield strength under shock compression and the damping of oscillatory perturbations in the shape of a shock front passing through the material. We used flyer-plate impacts experiments on targets with machined grooves on the impact surface to shock aluminum to between 32 and 71 GPa and recorded the evolution of the shock front perturbation amplitude in the sample with electric pins and fibers. Simulations using the elastic-plastic model can be matched to the experiments, explaining well the form of the perturbation decay and constraining the yield strength of aluminum to be 1.3-3.1 GPa. These results are in agreement with values obtained from reshock and release wave profiles as well as the result deduced from the SCG model. We conclude that the flyer-impact perturbation method is indeed a reliable means to measure material strength. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41674088) and the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council.

Shock compression dynamics under a microscope.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dlott, Dana

2015-06-01

We have developed a tabletop laser flyer launch system1 that solves many of the problems that plagued previous efforts. Using a novel mechanism where a spatially-uniform laser pulse creates a shock in a glass substrate just underneath a metal foil, we can launch tiny (0.7 mm diameter x 100 μm thick) flyers at speeds ranging from 0-5 km/s and the foils are flat, cold and intact. This tabletop launch system, where we often launch 100 flyers per day, provides a platform for a wide variety of time-resolved spectroscopies. The shocked material is viewed by a microscope objective that transmits near-infrared light from a photon Doppler velocimeter to monitor the flyer, and collects the light for spectroscopic and video images. Fluorescent probes, which have been highly developed for the biomedical sciences, have proven especially useful for these experiments. Using emission measurements, we have investigated the fundamental mechanisms of many shock wave effects including: viscoelastic compression of high molecular weight polymers, visualization of shocks in porous media such as sand, where we can observe the behavior of individual grains of sand, shock attenuation by passing the shock through reactive materials that undergo endothermic chemical reactions, and shock initiation of nanoenergetic materials.

Challenges to uptake of cancer education resources by rural Aboriginal Health Workers: the Cancer Healing Messages flipchart experience.

PubMed

Bierbaum, Mia; Plueckhahn, Tania; Roth, Firona; McNamara, Carmel; Ramsey, Imogen; Corsini, Nadia

2017-12-01

The Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) population has a higher age-standardised cancer mortality rate and a significantly lower 5-year survival rate for all cancers than the non-Aboriginal population. Aboriginal people from regional and remote South Australia and the Northern Territory, are often required to travel to Adelaide to access specialist cancer care services. The burden and expenses associated with transport and accommodation and cultural and linguistic factors have been identified as barriers to accessing medical treatment and health services. In collaboration with community and stakeholders, Cancer Council South Australia led the development of the Cancer Healing Messages flipchart and patient flyer to assist health professionals in explaining cancer and the cancer journey to Aboriginal cancer patients and their families. This study examined the usage, acceptability and perceived usefulness of the resources, barriers to uptake, and strategies to improve their utilisation and sustainability. An evaluation survey was conducted among Aboriginal Health Workers (AHWs) and other health professionals working with Aboriginal clients in South Australia (n=18). Participants indicated whether they agreed that the resources are valuable, culturally appropriate, helpful for explaining aspects of cancer to Aboriginal cancer patients, and useful with regard patient outcomes, how frequently they used or would use the resources for information, and how they use the flipchart in practice. Participants were also asked to report any usage barriers. The resources were considered useful, valuable and culturally appropriate by almost all participants; however, there was a discrepancy between intentions to use the resources and actual uptake, which was low. The most commonly reported barriers related to appropriateness for certain patients and lack of availability of resources in some contexts. The Cancer Healing Messages flipchart and patient flyer are perceived as appropriate, valuable, and useful tools for AHWs. A long-term strategy and clear implementation plan involving education, training and promotion of the materials, is required to achieve broad reach and sustainable utilisation of the Cancer Healing Messages flipchart and patient flyer.

KSC-06pd0221

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - (From left, backs to the camera) Pilot Steve Fossett, Sir Richard Branson and Jon Karkow talk with the media about the reason the takeoff of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer was postponed. Branson is chairman and founder of Virgin Atlantic. Karkow, with Scaled Composites, is chief engineer for the GlobalFlyer. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett was expected to take off from the KSC SLF before the takeoff was postponed due to the fuel leak that appeared in the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Discussion of "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aircraft cabins--a source of human exposure?" by Anna Christiansson et al. [Chemosphere 73(10) (2008) 1654-1660].

PubMed

Schecter, Arnold; Colacino, Justin; Haffner, Darrah; Patel, Keyur; Opel, Matthias; Päpke, Olaf

2010-01-01

This paper presents new data on the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in American airline workers. This pilot study did not find elevated total PBDEs in the blood of nine flight attendants and one aircraft pilot who have worked in airplanes for at least the past 5 years. These findings are not consistent with the findings of elevated blood levels of PBDEs from the 2008 Christiansson et al. publication "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aircraft cabins - A source of human exposure?" We agree that more research needs to be done on larger, more representative samples of airline workers to better characterize exposure of airline workers and other frequent flyers to PBDEs.

Lessons learned from the Space Flyer Unit (SFU) mission.

PubMed

Kuriki, Kyoichi; Ninomiya, Keiken; Takei, Mitsuru; Matsuoka, Shinobu

2002-11-01

The Space Flyer Unit (SFU) system and mission chronology are briefly introduced. Lessons learned from the SFU mission are categorized as programmatic and engineering lessons. In the programmatic category are dealt with both international and domestic collaborations. As for the engineering lessons safety design, orbital operation, in-flight anomaly, and post flight analyses are the major topics reviewed. c2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recruiting participants with peripheral arterial disease for clinical trials: experience from the Study to Improve Leg Circulation (SILC).

PubMed

McDermott, Mary M; Domanchuk, Kathryn; Dyer, Alan; Ades, Philip; Kibbe, Melina; Criqui, Michael H

2009-03-01

To describe the success of diverse recruitment methods in a randomized controlled clinical trial of exercise in persons with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). An analysis of recruitment sources conducted for the 746 men and women completing a baseline visit for the study to improve leg circulation (SILC), a randomized controlled trial of exercise for patients with PAD. For each recruitment source, we determined the number of randomized participants, the rate of randomization among those completing a baseline visit, and cost per randomized participant. Of the 746 individuals who completed a baseline visit, 156 were eligible and randomized. The most frequent sources of randomized participants were newspaper advertising (n = 67), mailed recruitment letters to patients with PAD identified at the study medical center (n = 25), and radio advertising (n = 18). Costs per randomized participant were $2750 for television advertising, $2167 for Life Line Screening, $2369 for newspaper advertising, $3931 for mailed postcards to older community dwelling men and women, and $5691 for radio advertising. Among those completing a baseline visit, randomization rates ranged from 10% for those identified from radio advertising to 32% for those identified from the Chicago Veterans Administration and 33% for those identified from posted flyers. Most participants in a randomized controlled trial of exercise were recruited from newspaper advertising and mailed recruitment letters to patients with known PAD. The highest randomization rates after a baseline visit occurred among participants identified from posted flyers and mailed recruitment letters to PAD patients.

A Nuclear Ramjet Flyer for Exploration of Jovian Atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maise, G.; Powell, J.; Paniagua, J.; Lecat, R.

2001-01-01

We investigated the design, operation, and data gathering possibilities of a nuclear-powered ramjet flyer in the Jovian atmosphere. The MITEE nuclear rocket engine can be modified to operate as a ramjet in planetary atmospheres. (Note: MITEE is a compact, ultra-light-weight thermal nuclear rocket which uses hydrogen as the propellant.) To operate as a ramjet, MITEE requires a suitable inlet and diffuser to substitute for the propellant that is pumped from the supply tanks in a nuclear rocket engine. Such a ramjet would fly in the upper Jovian atmosphere, mapping in detail temperatures, pressures, compositions, lightning activity, and wind speeds in the highly turbulent equatorial zone and the Great Red Spot. The nuclear ramjet could operate for months because: (1) the Jovian atmosphere has unlimited propellant, (2) the MITEE nuclear reactor is a (nearly) unlimited power source, and (3) with few moving parts, mechanical wear should be minimal. This paper presents a conceptual design of a ramjet flyer and its nuclear engine. The flyer incorporates a swept-wing design with instruments located in the twin wing-tip pods (away from the radiation source and readily shielded, if necessary). The vehicle is 2 m long with a 2 m wingspan. Its mass is 220 kg, and its nominal flight Mach number is 1.5. Based on combined neutronic and thermal/hydraulic analyses, we calculated that the ambient pressure range over which the flyer can operate to be from about 0.04 to 4 (terrestrial) atmospheres. This altitude range encompasses the three uppermost cloud layers in the Jovian atmosphere: (1) the entire uppermost visible NH3 ice cloud layer (where lightning has been observed), (2) the entire NH4HS ice cloud layer, and (3) the upper portion of the H2O ice cloud layer.

STS-72 Liftoff viewed from left side of Pad 39B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

The Space Shuttle Endeavour lights up the night sky as it thunders aloft from Launch Pad 39B. Liftoff of Mission STS- 72 occurred at 4:41:00.072 am EST, January 11, kicking off the 1996 Shuttle launch schedule. On board Endeavour are a crew of six: Commander Brian Duffy; Pilot Brent W. Jett; and Mission Specialists Dr. Daniel T. Barry, Leroy Chiao, Winston E. Scott, and Koichi Wakata, who represents the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan. During their planned nine-day mission, the crew will retrieve the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU), deploy and later retrieve the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-Flyer (OAST- Flyer), and conduct two extravehicular activities (EVAs). STS-72 is the 74th Shuttle mission and the 10th flight of the orbiter Endeavour.

Laser-Launched Flyer Plates and Direct Laser Shocks for Dynamic Material Property Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paisley, D. L.; Swift, D. C.; Johnson, R. P.; Kopp, R. A.; Kyrala, G. A.

2002-07-01

The Trident laser at Los Alamos was used to impart known and controlled shocks in various materials by launching flyer plates or by irradiating the sample directly. Materials investigated include copper, gold, NiTi, SS316, and other metals and alloys. Tensile spall strength, elastic-plastic transition, phase boundaries, and equation of state can be determined with small samples. Using thin samples (0.1 - 1.0 mm thick) as targets, high pressure gradients can be generated with relatively low pressures, resulting in high tensile strain rates (105 to 108 s-1). Free surface and interface velocities are recorded with point- and line-imaging VISARs. The flexible spatial and temporal pulse profiles of Trident, coupled with the use of laser-launched flyer plates, provides capabilities which complement experiments conducted using gas guns and tensile bars.

General-Purpose Heat Source Safety Verification Test Program: Edge-on flyer plate tests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

George, T. G.

1987-03-01

The radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) that will supply power for the Galileo and Ulysses space missions contains 18 General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) modules. The GPHS modules provide power by transmitting the heat of Pu-238 alpha-decay to an array of thermoelectric elements. Each module contains four Pu-238O2-fueled clads and generates 250 W(t). Because the possibility of a launch vehicle explosion always exists, and because such an explosion could generate a field of high-energy fragments, the fueled clads within each GPHS module must survive fragment impact. The edge-on flyer plate tests were included in the Safety Verification Test series to provide information on the module/clad response to the impact of high-energy plate fragments. The test results indicate that the edge-on impact of a 3.2-mm-thick, aluminum-alloy (2219-T87) plate traveling at 915 m/s causes the complete release of fuel from capsules contained within a bare GPHS module, and that the threshold velocity sufficient to cause the breach of a bare, simulant-fueled clad impacted by a 3.5-mm-thick, aluminum-alloy (5052-TO) plate is approximately 140 m/s.

Survey of On-Orbit Sleep Quality: Short-Duration Flyers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Locke, J.; Leveton, L.; Keeton, K.; Whitmire, A.; Patterson, H.; Faulk, J.

2010-01-01

The NASA Human Research Program (HRP) Behavioral Health and Performance Element (BHP), in conjunction with the NASA Space Medicine Division, is currently completing the largest systematic, subjective assessment of shuttle astronauts sleep behaviors and sleep quality on Earth, during training periods, and during space flight missions. Since July 2009, a total of 66 astronauts have completed a secure online survey regarding specific sleep strategies, crew policies, and mitigation effectiveness. In addition to the survey, each astronaut participant met individually with trained BHP and SD representatives for a structured, follow-up interview. Data are currently being assessed and the study s principal investigator will be providing some preliminary findings at the Investigators Workshop. Additional analyses will be conducted in the following months to examine predictors of optimal sleep in space, and to evaluate the differences in countermeasure effectiveness between groups based on their sleep experience on the ground and on orbit. A revised survey for a subsequent investigation on the experiences of long-duration flyers will be developed in the Spring and implemented in the Summer of 2010. Findings from both of these investigations will inform countermeasure strategies for astronauts, medical operations, and habitat designers for future exploration missions, as well as upcoming shuttle and ISS missions.

Rather than resonance, flapping wing flyers may play on aerodynamics to improve performance.

PubMed

Ramananarivo, Sophie; Godoy-Diana, Ramiro; Thiria, Benjamin

2011-04-12

Saving energy and enhancing performance are secular preoccupations shared by both nature and human beings. In animal locomotion, flapping flyers or swimmers rely on the flexibility of their wings or body to passively increase their efficiency using an appropriate cycle of storing and releasing elastic energy. Despite the convergence of many observations pointing out this feature, the underlying mechanisms explaining how the elastic nature of the wings is related to propulsive efficiency remain unclear. Here we use an experiment with a self-propelled simplified insect model allowing to show how wing compliance governs the performance of flapping flyers. Reducing the description of the flapping wing to a forced oscillator model, we pinpoint different nonlinear effects that can account for the observed behavior--in particular a set of cubic nonlinearities coming from the clamped-free beam equation used to model the wing and a quadratic damping term representing the fluid drag associated to the fast flapping motion. In contrast to what has been repeatedly suggested in the literature, we show that flapping flyers optimize their performance not by especially looking for resonance to achieve larger flapping amplitudes with less effort, but by tuning the temporal evolution of the wing shape (i.e., the phase dynamics in the oscillator model) to optimize the aerodynamics.

Rather than resonance, flapping wing flyers may play on aerodynamics to improve performance

PubMed Central

Ramananarivo, Sophie; Godoy-Diana, Ramiro; Thiria, Benjamin

2011-01-01

Saving energy and enhancing performance are secular preoccupations shared by both nature and human beings. In animal locomotion, flapping flyers or swimmers rely on the flexibility of their wings or body to passively increase their efficiency using an appropriate cycle of storing and releasing elastic energy. Despite the convergence of many observations pointing out this feature, the underlying mechanisms explaining how the elastic nature of the wings is related to propulsive efficiency remain unclear. Here we use an experiment with a self-propelled simplified insect model allowing to show how wing compliance governs the performance of flapping flyers. Reducing the description of the flapping wing to a forced oscillator model, we pinpoint different nonlinear effects that can account for the observed behavior—in particular a set of cubic nonlinearities coming from the clamped-free beam equation used to model the wing and a quadratic damping term representing the fluid drag associated to the fast flapping motion. In contrast to what has been repeatedly suggested in the literature, we show that flapping flyers optimize their performance not by especially looking for resonance to achieve larger flapping amplitudes with less effort, but by tuning the temporal evolution of the wing shape (i.e., the phase dynamics in the oscillator model) to optimize the aerodynamics. PMID:21444774

Space station needs, attributes and architectural options study. Volume 7-2: Data book. Commercial missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

The history of NASA's materials processing in space activities is reviewed. Market projections, support requirements, orbital operations issues, cost estimates and candidate systems (orbiter sortie flight, orbiter serviced free flyer, space station, space station serviced free flyer) for the space production of semiconductor crystals are examined. Mission requirements are identified for materials processing, communications missions, bioprocessing, and for transferring aviation maintenance training technology to spacecraft.

Shuttle payload vibroacoustic test plan evaluation. Free flyer payload applications and sortie payload parametric variations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stahle, C. V.; Gongloff, H. R.

1977-01-01

A preliminary assessment of vibroacoustic test plan optimization for free flyer STS payloads is presented and the effects on alternate test plans for Spacelab sortie payloads number of missions are also examined. The component vibration failure probability and the number of components in the housekeeping subassemblies are provided. Decision models are used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of seven alternate test plans using protoflight hardware.

Dynamic Pressure Induced Transformation Toughening and Strengthening in Bulk Metallic Glasses

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-01

involved impact of 303 stainless steel flyer-plate on 303 stainless steel sample holder containing two BMGMC samples, at varying velocities. The Hugoniot...Technology. An aluminum sabot was used as the projectile with 303 Stainless Steel (SS) flyer plate to impact the DV1 bulk metallic glass composite. As...crystallization; polyamorphism; shear banding; high- strain -rate deformation REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 10. SPONSOR

Magnetic Flyer Facility Correlation and UGT Simulation

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-05-01

AND UGT SIMULATION (U) Kaman Sciences Corporation L ~ P.O. Box 7463 I Colorado Springs, Colcerado 80933 ý4 May 1978DC Final Report CONTRACT No. DNA O01...selected underground test ( UGT ) environment on 3DQP; and, (2) To correlate the magnetically driven flyer plate facilities of VKSC with those of the...tailored to matcb the pressure vs. time anid total impulse measurements obtained on UGT events. This matching of experi- mental data required considerable

Characterisation of an Exploding Foil Initiator (EFI) system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davies, H. R.; Chapman, D. J.; Vine, T. A.; Proud, W. G.

2009-06-01

Exploding Foil Initiators (EFIs) provide a safe and reliable means of detonation of explosives. They are highly insensitive to mechanical shock and electrical interference, requiring a specific high current pulse for initiation. The use of only insensitive secondary explosives and not more sensitive primary explosives further improves safety. When a high current is passed through the metal bridge, a plasma is formed as the metal can not expand beyond the polymer film layer above. This causes the film to expand forming a bubble or shearing off to form a flyer. These flyers can then be used to initiate secondary explosives. Due to the very high speed at which these systems operate, high speed streak photography was used to characterise the behaviour of the polymer film flyers produced. This paper will report the preliminary findings on the mechanical, electrical and velocity changes seen in some proprietary systems.

Shot H3837: Darht's First Dual-Axis Explosive Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendez, Jacob; McNeil, Wendy Vogan; Harsh, James; Hull, Lawrence

2011-06-01

Test H3837 was the first explosive shot performed in front of both flash x-ray axes at the Los Alamos Dual Axis Radiographic HydroTest (DARHT) facility. Executed in November 2009, the shot was an explosively-driven metal flyer plate in a series of experiments designed to explore equation-of-state properties of shocked materials. Imaging the initial shock wave traveling through the flyer plate, DARHT Axis II captured the range of motion from the shock front emergence in the flyer to breakout at the free surface; the Axis I pulse provided a perpendicular perspective of the shot at a time coinciding with the third pulse of Axis II. Since the days of the Manhattan Project, penetrating radiography with multiple frames from different viewing angles has remained a high-profile goal at the Laboratory. H3837 is merely the beginning of a bright future for two-axis penetrating radiography.

Laser energy transformation to shock waves in multi-layer flyers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasperczuk, A.; Pisarczyk, T.; Gus'kov, S. Yu.; Ullschmied, J.; Krouský, E.; Masek, K.; Pfeifer, M.; Rohlena, K.; Skala, J.; Kalal, M.; Tikhonchuk, V.; Pisarczyk, P.

Investigations of powerful laser pulse action on planar flyer targets consisting of the layers of different materials are of importance from the basic as well as the applied physics point of view. One important aspect of this research deals with optimization of inertial fusion targets design. Here, the role of a thin heavy metal layer as a protector against preliminary heating of compressed thermonuclear fuel by thermal X-ray radiation can be mentioned as one particular topic to be properly understood. In this paper, the results of our studies of such a thin layer influence on the laser-produced energy deposition in the flyer foils as well as on the hydrodynamic motion of the foils as a hole will be reported. A 0.4 μ m thick gold layer was located between an aluminum layer of 6 μ m thickness and mylar layer with thickness of 2.5 μ m, used here as an ablator. For comparison, the flyer target without the gold layer but of the same area density was employed. Two different target constructions were used: (1) with a 2 mm gap separating the foil and the massive targets for measuring the foil velocity and (2) with gaps of 50, 100 and 200 μ m for laser energy transfer efficiency measurements. Targets were irradiated by laser beam energies of ˜100 J in the case of the first harmonic, and by laser beam energies ˜120 J in the case of the third one using the Prague Asterix Laser System iodine laser. The interaction spot radius of 200 μ m and the laser pulse duration of ˜250 ps were employed in these experiments. A three-frame interferometric and shadowgraphic system was set-up as to measure velocities of the rear side of the foils and to determine electron density distributions at different stages of plasma evolution. Volumes of craters produced by collisions of accelerated foils with a massive aluminum block were used as an indicator of the laser energy transfer efficiency into the foils of both types. These experiments have shown that the presence of the thin gold layer causes a decrease of the flyer velocity by a factor of ˜1.2 for both the harmonics. However, in the case of the first harmonic, the energy transfer into the flyer with the gold layer is higher (compared with the flyers without the gold layer) only for the targets with smaller gaps. In the case of the third harmonic, about 10% decrease in the amount of energy transferred into the foil with the gold layer was observed.

Department of the Navy Supporting Data for Fiscal Year 1984 Budget Estimates Descriptive Summaries Submitted to Congress January 1983. Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Navy. Book 1. Technology Base, Advanced Technology Development, Strategic Programs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

altioser access (2) Asesss maturity of on-gotnR efforts and integrate appropriate development Into an effective globally dftjtributod .command spport...numerical techniques for nonlinear media.structure shock Interaction inrluding effects of elastic-plastic deformation have bee.a developed and used to...shtittle flight; develop camera payload for SPARTAN (free flyer) flight f rom shuttle. Develop detailed Interpretivesystem capablity~ for global ultraviolet

Enabling Decisive Strategic Maneuver for the Army Beyond 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

System and a small Advanced Fire Support System ( AFSS ). In the long run, it might be better to have several vehicles share an AFSS . These are...18 tons M-113APC 9 tons C’OTM 4 tons Flyer w/5 ton AFSS 10 tons Flyer, 5 ton resupply 10 tons Robotic rotorcraft Self ferry All systems were...Task Force Man-portable Air Defense System Manpower and Personnel Integration Micro- Autonomous Vehicles Micro-Electro-Mechanics Micro Electric

Flow Modulation and Force Control in Insect Fast Maneuver

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Chengyu; Dong, Haibo; Zhang, Wen; Gai, Kuo

2012-11-01

In this work, an integrated study combining high-speed photogrammetry and direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used to study free flying insects in fast maneuver. Quantitative measurement has shown the significant differences between quad-winged flyers such as dragonfly and damselfly and two-winged flyers such as cicada. Comparisons of unsteady 3D vortex formation and associated aerodynamic force production reveal the different mechanisms used by insects in fast turn. This work is supported by NSF CBET-1055949.

Cumulative recruitment experience in two large single-center randomized, controlled clinical trials.

PubMed

Galbreath, Autumn Dawn; Smith, Brad; Wood, Pamela; Forkner, Emma; Peters, Jay I

2008-05-01

Trial recruitment is challenging for researchers, who frequently overestimate the pool of qualified, willing participants. Little has been written about recruitment and the comparative success of recruitment strategies. We describe one center's experience with recruitment in two regional single-center clinical trials with a combined total of 1971 participants. The heart failure trial was conducted between 1999 and 2003. The asthma trial was performed between 2003 and 2006. Trial databases were queried for referral source of each individual. Data were analyzed for effectiveness of referral source using three measures: percentage of enrollment due to that source, subject commitment to the trial (retention rate), and economics (cost per enrollee). 47.8% of CHF enrollees came from computer-generated lists or from healthcare provider referrals. Average marketing cost for enrollees and completers was $29.20 and $41.96 respectively. The most economical marketing strategy was self-referral in response to flyers. Most asthma participants (53.5%) were referred from healthcare providers, mailings to lists from local healthcare institutions, or self-referred in response to flyers. Average marketing cost for enrollees and completers was $20.44 and $38.10 respectively. The most economical marketing strategy was patient mailings. Retention rates were not markedly different among referral sources in either trial. In order to be considered effective, a recruitment strategy must demonstrate a balance between response to recruitment, retention rates, and economics. Despite the differences between these two clinical trials, the most effective recruitment strategies in both trials were mailings to locally-generated, targeted lists, and referrals from healthcare providers.

Characterization of Borosilicate Glass Through Confined Compression Testing with Numerical Validation

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

Characterization Data and Flyer-Plate Impact Data 7.1 Introduction Borosilicate and soda - lime glass have been the object of extensive plate impact...2 GPa as the strength of damaged soda - lime glass at pressures of 4 to 6 GPa. Bourne, et al. [9, 35], showed tests with strength values of 1.8 GPa...equation of state data for borosilicate and soda - lime glass . The flyer-plate impact data greatly extends the confining pressures that can be achieved with

Payload bay activity during second EVA of STS-72 mission

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-01-17

STS072-740-044 (17 Jan. 1996) --- Backdropped against Australia's Shark Bay, this panoramic scene of the Space Shuttle Endeavour in Earth-orbit was recorded during the mission's second Extravehicular Activity (EVA-2) on January 17, 1996. Astronaut Leroy Chiao works with a Mobile Foot Restraint (MFR) at bottom left. The Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU) satellite and the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) Flyer satellite are seen in their stowed positions in the aft cargo bay.

KSC-06pd0239

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility, Steve Fossett is strapped into the cockpit of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer waiting for takeoff. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The expected time of takeoff is 7 a.m. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0242

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility, Steve Fossett, seated in the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer cockpit, checks visibility and head space. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The expected time of takeoff is 7 a.m. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0238

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Just at dawn, Steve Fossett (left) climbs into the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer parked on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The expected time of takeoff is 7 a.m. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0236

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Just at dawn, Steve Fossett (left) gets ready to climb into the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer parked on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The expected time of takeoff is 7 a.m. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0237

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Just at dawn, Steve Fossett (left) climbs into the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer parked on NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The expected time of takeoff is 7 a.m. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0243

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility, Steve Fossett, seated in the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer cockpit, completes the checkout before takeoff. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The expected time of takeoff is 7 a.m. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Feasibility study for the application of the large format camera as a payload for the Orbiter program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The large format camera (LFC) designed as a 30 cm focal length cartographic camera system that employs forward motion compensation in order to achieve the full image resolution provided by its 80 degree field angle lens is described. The feasibility of application of the current LFC design to deployment in the orbiter program as the Orbiter Camera Payload System was assessed and the changes that are necessary to meet such a requirement are discussed. Current design and any proposed design changes were evaluated relative to possible future deployment of the LFC on a free flyer vehicle or in a WB-57F. Preliminary mission interface requirements for the LFC are given.

Early use of Space Station Freedom for NASA's Microgravity Science and Applications Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rhome, Robert C.; O'Malley, Terence F.

1992-01-01

The paper describes microgravity science opportunities inherent to the restructured Space Station and presents a synopsis of the scientific utilization plan for the first two years of ground-tended operations. In the ground-tended utilization mode the Space Station is a large free-flyer providing a continuous microgravity environment unmatched by any other platform within any existing U.S. program. It is pointed out that the importance of this period of early Space Station mixed-mode utilization between crew-tended and ground-tended approaches is of such magnitude that Station-based microgravity science experiments many become benchmarks to the disciplines involved. The traffic model that is currently being pursued is designed to maximize this opportunity for the U.S. microgravity science community.

RELBET 4.0 user's guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cerbins, F. C.; Huysman, B. P.; Knoedler, J. K.; Kwong, P. S.; Pieniazek, L. A.; Strom, S. W.

1986-01-01

This manual describes the operation and use of RELBET 4.0 implemented on the Hewlett Packard model 9000. The RELBET System is an integrated collection of computer programs which support the analysis and post-flight reconstruction of vehicle to vehicle relative trajectories of two on-orbit free-flying vehicles: the Space Shuttle Orbiter and some other free-flyer. The manual serves both as a reference and as a training guide. Appendices provide experienced users with details and full explanations of program usage. The body of the manual introduces new users to the system by leading them through a step by step example of a typical production. This should equip the new user both to execute a typical production process and to understand the most significant variables in that process.

Numerical Simulation of Energy Conversion Mechanism in Electric Explosion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wanjun, Wang; Junjun, Lv; Mingshui, Zhu; Qiubo, Fu; EFIs Integration R&D Group Team

2017-06-01

Electric explosion happens when micron-scale metal films such as copper film is stimulated by short-time current pulse, while generating high temperature and high pressure plasma. The expansion process of the plasma plays an important role in the study of the generation of shock waves and the study of the EOS of matter under high pressure. In this paper, the electric explosion process is divided into two stages: the energy deposition stage and the quasi-isentropic expansion stage, and a dynamic EOS of plasma considering the energy replenishment is established. On this basis, flyer driven by plasma is studied numerically, the pressure and the internal energy of plasma in the energy deposition stage and the quasi - isentropic expansion stage are obtained by comparing the velocity history of the flyer with the experimental results. An energy conversion model is established, and the energy conversion efficiency of each process is obtained, and the influence of impedance matching relationship between flyer and metal plasma on the energy conversion efficiency is proposed in this paper.

Ignition Prediction of Pressed HMX based on Hotspot Analysis Under Shock Pulse Loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Seokpum; Miller, Christopher; Horie, Yasuyuki; Molek, Christopher; Welle, Eric; Zhou, Min

The ignition behavior of pressed HMX under shock pulse loading with a flyer is analyzed using a cohesive finite element method (CFEM) which accounts for large deformation, microcracking, frictional heating, and thermal conduction. The simulations account for the controlled loading of thin-flyer shock experiments with flyer velocities between 1.7 and 4.0 km/s. The study focuses on the computational prediction of ignition threshold using James criterion which involves loading intensity and energy imparted to the material. The predicted thresholds are in good agreement with measurements from shock experiments. In particular, it is found that grain size significantly affects the ignition sensitivity of the materials, with smaller sizes leading to lower energy thresholds required for ignition. In addition, significant stress attenuation is observed in high intensity pulse loading as compared to low intensity pulse loading, which affects density of hotspot distribution. The microstructure-performance relations obtained can be used to design explosives with tailored attributes and safety envelopes.

The compressibility and sound velocity measurements of molybdenum up to ~0.7 TPa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, Chengda; Wang, Xiang; Zhang, Xiulu; Wang, Qingsong; Jin, Ke; Tan, Ye; Song, Hongxing; Xi, Feng; Hu, Jianbo; Tan, Hua

2013-06-01

The compressibility (Hugoniot) and sound velocity data of matter are of particular importance for constructing high-pressure equation of state and/or detecting phase transitions. In this presentation, we report the Hugoniot measurements of Mo up to ~0.7 TPa performed on a gas gun. A hypervelocity flyer launcher was fixed on a two-stage gun muzzle for a graded-density impactor to drive Ta secondary flyer up to ~10 km/s. The simultaneous measurements of Ta flyer velocity and shock wave velocity of Mo in each shot yielded a Hugoniot data pair. The obtained results are in a good agreement with available data. The sound velocities of Mo were also measured under shock pressure from ~60 GPa to ~160 GPa using a backward or forward impact geometry based on rarefaction overtake method. The extracted data smooth in tendency the knee around 210 GPa, not supporting the interpretation as a polymorphic transition. Furthermore, the obtained Mo Hugoniot and sound velocity data are compared with the results calculated using QEOS model.

The DNA Files

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-06-09

The DNA Files is a radio documentary which disseminates genetics information over public radio. The documentaries explore subjects which include the following: How genetics affects society. How human life began and how it evolved. Could new prenatal genetic tests hold the key to disease prevention later in life? Would a national genetic data base sacrifice individual privacy? and Should genes that may lead to the cure for cancer be privately owned? This report serves as a project update for the second quarter of 1998. It includes the spring/summer 1998 newsletter, the winter 1998 newsletter, the program clock, and the latestmore » flyer.« less

Hand controller commonality evaluation process

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stuart, Mark A.; Bierschwale, John M.; Wilmington, Robert P.; Adam, Susan C.; Diaz, Manuel F.; Jensen, Dean G.

1990-01-01

A hand controller evaluation process has been developed to determine the appropriate hand controller configurations for supporting remotely controlled devices. These devices include remote manipulator systems (RMS), dexterous robots, and remotely-piloted free flyers. Standard interfaces were developed to evaluate six different hand controllers in three test facilities including dynamic computer simulations, kinematic computer simulations, and physical simulations. The hand controllers under consideration were six degree-of-freedom (DOF) position and rate minimaster and joystick controllers, and three-DOF rate controllers. Task performance data, subjective comments, and anthropometric data obtained during tests were used for controller configuration recommendations to the SSF Program.

KSC-06pd0241

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility, Steve Fossett is happy and eager to start what he hopes will be a historic flight in the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer he is strapped into. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The expected time of takeoff is 7 a.m. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Ionizing radiation measurements on LDEF: A0015 Free flyer biostack experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benton, E. V.; Frank, A. L.; Benton, E. R.; Csige, I.; Frigo, L. A.

1995-01-01

This report covers the analysis of passive radiation detectors flown as part of the A0015 Free Flyer Biostack on LDEF (Long Duration Exposure Facility). LET (linear energy transfer) spectra and track density measurements were made with CR-39 and Polycarbonate plastic nuclear track detectors. Measurements of total absorbed dose were carried out using Thermoluminescent Detectors. Thermal and resonance neutron dose equivalents were measured with LiF/CR-39 detectors. High energy neutron and proton dose equivalents were measured with fission foil/CR-39 detectors.

Magnetohydrodynamic modelling of exploding foil initiators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neal, William

2015-06-01

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) codes are currently being developed, and used, to predict the behaviour of electrically-driven flyer-plates. These codes are of particular interest to the design of exploding foil initiator (EFI) detonators but there is a distinct lack of comparison with high-fidelity experimental data. This study aims to compare a MHD code with a collection of temporally and spatially resolved diagnostics including PDV, dual-axis imaging and streak imaging. The results show the code's excellent representation of the flyer-plate launch and highlight features within the experiment that the model fails to capture.

KSC-06pd0244

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility, the door is closed on the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer as pilot Steve Fossett looks out the cockpit window. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The expected time of takeoff is 7 a.m. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Robotics On-Board Trainer (ROBoT)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Genevieve; Alexander, Greg

2013-01-01

ROBoT is an on-orbit version of the ground-based Dynamics Skills Trainer (DST) that astronauts use for training on a frequent basis. This software consists of two primary software groups. The first series of components is responsible for displaying the graphical scenes. The remaining components are responsible for simulating the Mobile Servicing System (MSS), the Japanese Experiment Module Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS), and the H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) Free Flyer Robotics Operations. The MSS simulation software includes: Robotic Workstation (RWS) simulation, a simulation of the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), a simulation of the ISS Command and Control System (CCS), and a portion of the Portable Computer System (PCS) software necessary for MSS operations. These components all run under the CentOS4.5 Linux operating system. The JEMRMS simulation software includes real-time, HIL, dynamics, manipulator multi-body dynamics, and a moving object contact model with Tricks discrete time scheduling. The JEMRMS DST will be used as a functional proficiency and skills trainer for flight crews. The HTV Free Flyer Robotics Operations simulation software adds a functional simulation of HTV vehicle controllers, sensors, and data to the MSS simulation software. These components are intended to support HTV ISS visiting vehicle analysis and training. The scene generation software will use DOUG (Dynamic On-orbit Ubiquitous Graphics) to render the graphical scenes. DOUG runs on a laptop running the CentOS4.5 Linux operating system. DOUG is an Open GL-based 3D computer graphics rendering package. It uses pre-built three-dimensional models of on-orbit ISS and space shuttle systems elements, and provides realtime views of various station and shuttle configurations.

The Feasibility of Using Facebook, Craigslist, and Other Online Strategies to Recruit Young African American Women for a Web-Based Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Change Intervention.

PubMed

Staffileno, Beth A; Zschunke, Jessica; Weber, Mallery; Gross, Lauren E; Fogg, Louis; Tangney, Christy C

Reports describing successful recruiting of minority participants are available; however, they focus largely on traditional strategies. Internet and mobile devices are widely used, providing alternative approaches, yet less information is available describing the success of these approaches. This article (1) evaluates the feasibility of using online advertising as a recruiting modality for a healthy lifestyle behavior change intervention targeting young African American women and (2) describes lessons learned to better inform researchers for future directions. African American women, aged 18 to 45 years, with untreated prehypertension and Internet access were eligible for a 12-week randomized study providing physical activity or nutrition behavior change education delivered via online modules. Traditional strategies included flyers, tabletop cards, blood pressure screenings, health fairs, and clinics. Online-related strategies included posting ads on Facebook, Craigslist, and on the university Web site, intranet, and "on-hold" telephone line. Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequency of recruitment strategies. χ Analysis was used to assess differences between enrolled and nonenrolled inquiries. Among all 176 inquiries, the most frequented strategies were the university Web site (44%), blood pressure screenings (15%), Facebook/Craigslist (13%), and clinics (12%). Enrollment rates differed across recruitment strategies (χ P = .046). The 3 highest enrollment rates were (1) employee in-services (100%), (2) flyers/tabletop cards (31.6%), and (3) word of mouth/physician referral (25%). Online-related strategies are convenient and have great potential for reaching large numbers of people. However, the actual rate of participants successfully enrolled online was proportionally smaller when compared with traditional recruiting strategies.

Generation of ramp waves using variable areal density flyers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winter, R. E.; Cotton, M.; Harris, E. J.; Chapman, D. J.; Eakins, D.

2016-07-01

Ramp loading using graded density impactors as flyers in gas-gun-driven plate impact experiments can yield new and useful information about the equation of state and the strength properties of the loaded material. Selective Laser Melting, an additive manufacturing technique, was used to manufacture a graded density flyer, termed the "bed-of-nails" (BON). A 2.5-mm-thick × 99.4-mm-diameter solid disc of stainless steel formed a base for an array of tapered spikes of length 5.5 mm and spaced 1 mm apart. The two experiments to test the concept were performed at impact velocities of 900 and 1100 m/s using the 100-mm gas gun at the Institute of Shock Physics at Imperial College London. In each experiment, a BON flyer was impacted onto a copper buffer plate which helped to smooth out perturbations in the wave profile. The ramp delivered to the copper buffer was in turn transmitted to three tantalum targets of thicknesses 3, 5 and 7 mm, which were mounted in contact with the back face of the copper. Heterodyne velocimetry (Het-V) was used to measure the velocity-time history, at the back faces of the tantalum discs. The wave profiles display a smooth increase in velocity over a period of ˜ 2.5 μs, with no indication of a shock jump. The measured profiles have been analysed to generate a stress vs. volume curve for tantalum. The results have been compared with the predictions of the Sandia National Laboratories hydrocode, CTH.

Servicing capability for the evolutionary Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, Edward F.; Grems, Edward G., III; Corbo, James E.

1990-01-01

Since the beginning of the Space Station Freedom (SSF) program the concept of on-orbit servicing of user hardware has been an integral part of the program implementation. The user servicing system architecture has been divided into a baseline and a growth phase. The baseline system consists of the following hardware elements that will support user servicing - flight telerobotic servicer, crew and equipment translation aid, crew intravehicular and extravehicular servicing support, logistics supply system, mobile servicing center, and the special purpose dextrous manipulator. The growth phase incorporates a customer servicing facility (CSF), a station-based orbital maneuvering vehicle and an orbital spacecraft consumables resupply system. The requirements for user servicing were derived from the necessity to service attached payloads, free flyers and coorbiting platforms. These requirements include: orbital replacement units (ORU) and instrument changeout, National Space Transportation System cargo bay loading and unloading, contamination control and monitoring, thermal protection, payload berthing, storage, access to SSF distributed systems, functional checkout, and fluid replenishment. The baseline user servicing capabilities accommodate ORU and instrument changeout. However, this service is limited to attached payloads, either in situ or at a locally adjacent site. The growth phase satisfies all identified user servicing requirements by expanding servicing capabilities to include complex servicing tasks for attached payloads, free-flyers and coorbiting platforms at a dedicated, protected Servicing site. To provide a smooth evolution of user servicing the SSF interfaces that are necessary to accommodate the growth phase have been identified. The interface requirements on SSF have been greatly simplified by accommodating the growth servicing support elements within the CSF. This results in a single SSF interface: SSF to the CSF.

Aerodynamics, sensing and control of insect-scale flapping-wing flight.

PubMed

Shyy, Wei; Kang, Chang-Kwon; Chirarattananon, Pakpong; Ravi, Sridhar; Liu, Hao

2016-02-01

There are nearly a million known species of flying insects and 13 000 species of flying warm-blooded vertebrates, including mammals, birds and bats. While in flight, their wings not only move forward relative to the air, they also flap up and down, plunge and sweep, so that both lift and thrust can be generated and balanced, accommodate uncertain surrounding environment, with superior flight stability and dynamics with highly varied speeds and missions. As the size of a flyer is reduced, the wing-to-body mass ratio tends to decrease as well. Furthermore, these flyers use integrated system consisting of wings to generate aerodynamic forces, muscles to move the wings, and sensing and control systems to guide and manoeuvre. In this article, recent advances in insect-scale flapping-wing aerodynamics, flexible wing structures, unsteady flight environment, sensing, stability and control are reviewed with perspective offered. In particular, the special features of the low Reynolds number flyers associated with small sizes, thin and light structures, slow flight with comparable wind gust speeds, bioinspired fabrication of wing structures, neuron-based sensing and adaptive control are highlighted.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hess, Mark Harry; Hutsel, Brian Thomas; Jennings, Christopher Ashley

Recent Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments at the Sandia National Laboratories Z pulsed power facility have featured a PDV (Photonic Doppler Velocimetry) diagnostic in the final power feed section for measuring load current. In this paper, we report on an anomalous pressure that is detected on this PDV diagnostic very early in time during the current ramp. Early time load currents that are greater than both B-dot upstream current measurements and existing Z machine circuit models by at least 1 MA would be necessary to describe the measured early time velocity of the PDV flyer. This leads us to infermore » that the pressure producing the early time PDV flyer motion cannot be attributed to the magnetic pressure of the load current but rather to an anomalous pressure. Using the MHD code ALEGRA, we are able to compute a time-dependent anomalous pressure function, which when added to the magnetic pressure of the load current, yields simulated flyer velocities that are in excellent agreement with the PDV measurement. As a result, we also provide plausible explanations for what could be the origin of the anomalous pressure.« less

Simultaneous determination of Hugoniot and Isentrope in gas gun experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thoe, R S

2007-02-22

We have been exploring the use of the ''reverse ballistics'' method to obtain Hugoniot and off Hugoniot Equation Of State. This method uses the unknown sample as the flyer and collides it into a window whose EOS is well known. A VISAR determines the particle velocity which when combined with the windows EOS gives a direct determination of the pressure. Since the pressure and particle velocity are continuous across the interface the shock speed in the flyer can be determined: Us = P/(rhoUp). Subtracting the time of arrival of the shock at the back of the flyer from the timesmore » of arrival of the rarefaction wave allows the determination of the release isentrope centered at the measured Hugoniot point and extending down to the release pressure as determined by the impedance of the sabot. Besides obtaining both Hugoniot and isentrope data on a single shot, this method has an advantage in that all the timing information is accomplished within the interferometer, i.e. no dependence of cable delays etc.« less

Acceleration of plates using non-conventional explosives heavily-loaded with inert materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiseau, J.; Petel, O. E.; Huneault, J.; Serge, M.; Frost, D. L.; Higgins, A. J.

2014-05-01

The detonation behavior of high explosives containing quantities of dense additives has been previously investigated with the observation that such systems depart dramatically from the approximately "gamma law" behavior typical of conventional explosives due to momentum transfer and thermalization between particles and detonation products. However, the influence of this non-ideal detonation behavior on the divergence speed of plates has been less thoroughly studied and existing literature suggests that the effect of dense additives cannot be explained solely through the straightforward application of the Gurney method with energy and density averaging of the explosive. In the current study, the acceleration history and terminal velocity of aluminum flyers launched by packed beds of granular material saturated by amine-sensitized nitromethane is reported. It was observed that terminal flyer velocity scales primarily with the ratio of flyer mass to mass of the explosive component; a fundamental feature of the Gurney method. Velocity decrement from the addition of particles was only 20%-30% compared to the resulting velocity if propelled by an equivalent quantity of neat explosive.

Aerodynamics, sensing and control of insect-scale flapping-wing flight

PubMed Central

Shyy, Wei; Kang, Chang-kwon; Chirarattananon, Pakpong; Ravi, Sridhar; Liu, Hao

2016-01-01

There are nearly a million known species of flying insects and 13 000 species of flying warm-blooded vertebrates, including mammals, birds and bats. While in flight, their wings not only move forward relative to the air, they also flap up and down, plunge and sweep, so that both lift and thrust can be generated and balanced, accommodate uncertain surrounding environment, with superior flight stability and dynamics with highly varied speeds and missions. As the size of a flyer is reduced, the wing-to-body mass ratio tends to decrease as well. Furthermore, these flyers use integrated system consisting of wings to generate aerodynamic forces, muscles to move the wings, and sensing and control systems to guide and manoeuvre. In this article, recent advances in insect-scale flapping-wing aerodynamics, flexible wing structures, unsteady flight environment, sensing, stability and control are reviewed with perspective offered. In particular, the special features of the low Reynolds number flyers associated with small sizes, thin and light structures, slow flight with comparable wind gust speeds, bioinspired fabrication of wing structures, neuron-based sensing and adaptive control are highlighted. PMID:27118897

Strategic considerations for support of humans in space and Moon/Mars exploration missions. Life sciences research and technology programs, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

Summary charts of the following topics are presented: the Percentage of Critical Questions in Constrained and Robust Programs; the Executive Committee and AMAC Disposition of Critical Questions for Constrained and Robust Programs; and the Requirements for Ground-based Research and Flight Platforms for Constrained and Robust Programs. Data Tables are also presented and cover the following: critical questions from all Life Sciences Division Discipline Science Plans; critical questions listed by category and criticality; all critical questions which require ground-based research; critical questions that would utilize spacelabs listed by category and criticality; critical questions that would utilize Space Station Freedom (SSF) listed by category and criticality; critical questions that would utilize the SSF Centrifuge; facility listed by category and criticality; critical questions that would utilize a Moon base listed by category and criticality; critical questions that would utilize robotic missions listed by category and criticality; critical questions that would utilize free flyers listed by category and criticality; and critical questions by deliverables.

NASA's Plans for Materials Science on ISS: Cooperative Utilization of the MSRR-MSL

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chiaramonte, Francis; Szofran, Frank

2008-01-01

The ISS Research Project draws Life (non-human) and Physical Sciences investigations on the ISS, free flyer and ground-based into one coordinated project. The project has two categories: I. Exploration Research Program: a) Utilizes the ISS as a low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) test bed for technology development, demonstration and problem resolution in the areas of life support, fire safety, power, propulsion, thermal management, materials technology, habitat design, etc.; b) Will include endorsement letters from other ETDP projects to show relevancy. II. Non-Exploration Research Program; a) Not directly related to supporting the human exploration program. Research conducted in the life (non-human) and physical sciences; b) The program will sustain, to the maximum extent practicable, the United States scientific expertise and research capability in fundamental microgravity research. Physical Sciences has about 44 grants, and Life Sciences has approximately 32 grants, mostly with universities, to conduct low TRL research; this includes grants to be awarded from the 2008 Fluid Physics and Life Science NRA's.

Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis.

PubMed

Thaiss, Christoph A; Zeevi, David; Levy, Maayan; Zilberman-Schapira, Gili; Suez, Jotham; Tengeler, Anouk C; Abramson, Lior; Katz, Meirav N; Korem, Tal; Zmora, Niv; Kuperman, Yael; Biton, Inbal; Gilad, Shlomit; Harmelin, Alon; Shapiro, Hagit; Halpern, Zamir; Segal, Eran; Elinav, Eran

2014-10-23

All domains of life feature diverse molecular clock machineries that synchronize physiological processes to diurnal environmental fluctuations. However, no mechanisms are known to cross-regulate prokaryotic and eukaryotic circadian rhythms in multikingdom ecosystems. Here, we show that the intestinal microbiota, in both mice and humans, exhibits diurnal oscillations that are influenced by feeding rhythms, leading to time-specific compositional and functional profiles over the course of a day. Ablation of host molecular clock components or induction of jet lag leads to aberrant microbiota diurnal fluctuations and dysbiosis, driven by impaired feeding rhythmicity. Consequently, jet-lag-induced dysbiosis in both mice and humans promotes glucose intolerance and obesity that are transferrable to germ-free mice upon fecal transplantation. Together, these findings provide evidence of coordinated metaorganism diurnal rhythmicity and offer a microbiome-dependent mechanism for common metabolic disturbances in humans with aberrant circadian rhythms, such as those documented in shift workers and frequent flyers.

Radiation protection aspects of the cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft crew.

PubMed

Bartlett, D T

2004-01-01

Aircraft crew and frequent flyers are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic radiation of galactic and solar origin and secondary radiation produced in the atmosphere, the aircraft structure and its contents. Following recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 60, the European Union introduced a revised Basic Safety Standards Directive, which included exposure to natural sources of ionising radiation, including cosmic radiation, as occupational exposure. The revised Directive has been incorporated into laws and regulations in the European Union Member States. Where the assessment of the occupational exposure of aircraft crew is necessary, the preferred approach to monitoring is by the recording of staff flying times and calculated route doses. Route doses are to be validated by measurements. This paper gives the general background, and considers the radiation protection aspects of the cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft crew, with the focus on the situation in Europe.

Element Material Exposure Experiment by EFFU

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hashimoto, Yoshihiro; Ito, Masaaki; Ishii, Masahiro

1992-01-01

The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) is planning to perform an 'Element Material Exposure Experiment' using the Exposed Facility Flyer Unit (EFFU). This paper presents an initial design of experiments proposed for this project by our company. The EFFU is installed on the Space Flyer Unit (SFU) as a partial model of the Space Station JEM exposed facility. The SFU is scheduled to be launched by H-2 rocket in January or February of 1994, then various tests will be performed for three months, on orbit of 500 km altitude, and it will be retrieved by the U.S. Space Shuttle and returned to the ground. The mission sequence is shown.

KSC-06pd0218

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Pilot Steve Fossett (left) and Sir Richard Branson (right) talk with Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer team members about the fuel leak detected in the aircraft. Branson is chairman and founder of Virgin Atlantic. Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett was expected to take off from the KSC SLF before the takeoff was postponed due to the fuel leak that appeared in the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Central electrical utility power for a satellite ring city in low earth orbit space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, Ira T.; Faymon, Karl A.; Patton, A. D.

1989-01-01

Information is given in viewgraph form on central electrical power for a satellite ring city, defined as a group of large free flyers of 10 to 20 units with perhaps 100 people in each unit, and organized in a circle so that power can be fed from a central location. The free flyers would be located at 300 to 700 miles in altitude, and spaced about a kilometer apart. Potential activities of a ring city are listed as well as the electrical power needs. Information is given on costs and individual and centralized solar arrays and nuclear reactor systems.

Developing Large Scale Explosively Driven Flyer Experiments on Sand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rehagen, Thomas; Kraus, Richard

2017-06-01

Measurements of the dynamic behavior of granular materials are of great importance to a variety of scientific and engineering applications, including planetary science, seismology, and construction and destruction. In addition, high quality data are needed to enhance our understanding of granular physics and improve the computational models used to simulate related physical processes. However, since there is a non-negligible grain size associated with these materials, experiments must be of a relatively large scale in order to capture the continuum response of the material and reduce errors associated with the finite grain size. We will present designs for explosively driven flyer experiments to make high accuracy measurements of the Hugoniot of sand (with a grain size of hundreds of microns). To achieve an accuracy of better than a few percent in density, we are developing a platform to measure the Hugoniot of samples several centimeters in thickness. We will present the target designs as well as coupled designs for the explosively launched flyer system. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Absolute measurement of the Hugoniot and sound velocity of liquid copper at multimegabar pressures

DOE PAGES

McCoy, Chad August; Knudson, Marcus David; Root, Seth

2017-11-13

Measurement of the Hugoniot and sound velocity provides information on the bulk modulus and Grüneisen parameter of a material at extreme conditions. The capability to launch multilayered (copper/aluminum) flyer plates at velocities in excess of 20 km/s with the Sandia Z accelerator has enabled high-precision sound-velocity measurements at previously inaccessible pressures. For these experiments, the sound velocity of the copper flyer must be accurately known in the multi-Mbar regime. Here we describe the development of copper as an absolutely calibrated sound-velocity standard for high-precision measurements at pressures in excess of 400 GPa. Using multilayered flyer plates, we performed absolute measurementsmore » of the Hugoniot and sound velocity of copper for pressures from 500 to 1200 GPa. These measurements enabled the determination of the Grüneisen parameter for dense liquid copper, clearly showing a density dependence above the melt transition. As a result, combined with earlier data at lower pressures, these results constrain the sound velocity as a function of pressure, enabling the use of copper as a Hugoniot and sound-velocity standard for pressures up to 1200 GPa.« less

Absolute measurement of the Hugoniot and sound velocity of liquid copper at multimegabar pressures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCoy, Chad August; Knudson, Marcus David; Root, Seth

Measurement of the Hugoniot and sound velocity provides information on the bulk modulus and Grüneisen parameter of a material at extreme conditions. The capability to launch multilayered (copper/aluminum) flyer plates at velocities in excess of 20 km/s with the Sandia Z accelerator has enabled high-precision sound-velocity measurements at previously inaccessible pressures. For these experiments, the sound velocity of the copper flyer must be accurately known in the multi-Mbar regime. Here we describe the development of copper as an absolutely calibrated sound-velocity standard for high-precision measurements at pressures in excess of 400 GPa. Using multilayered flyer plates, we performed absolute measurementsmore » of the Hugoniot and sound velocity of copper for pressures from 500 to 1200 GPa. These measurements enabled the determination of the Grüneisen parameter for dense liquid copper, clearly showing a density dependence above the melt transition. As a result, combined with earlier data at lower pressures, these results constrain the sound velocity as a function of pressure, enabling the use of copper as a Hugoniot and sound-velocity standard for pressures up to 1200 GPa.« less

STS-72 Mission Highlights Resource Tape

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

The flight crew of the STS-72 Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour Cmdr. Brian Duffy, Pilot Brent W. Jett, and Mission Specialists; Leroy Chiao, Daniel T. Barry, Winston E. Scott, and Koichi Wakata (NASDA) present an overview of their mission, whose primary objective is the retrieval of two research satellites. The major activities of the mission will include retrieval of the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU), which was launched aboard a Japanese H-2 rocket to conduct a variety of microgravity experiments. In addition, the STS-72 crew will deploy the AST-Flyer, a satellite, that will fly free of the Shuttle for about 50 hours. Four experiments on the science platform will operate autonomously before the satellite is retrieved by Endeavour's robot arm. Three of Endeavour's astronauts will conduct a pair of spacewalks during the mission to test hardware and tools that will be used in the assembly of the Space Station. Video footage includes the following: prelaunch and launch activities; the crew eating breakfast; shuttle launch; retrieval of the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU); suit-up and EVA-1; EVA-2; crew members performing various physical exercises; various earth views; and the night landing of the shuttle at KSC.

Mini AERCam Inspection Robot for Human Space Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fredrickson, Steven E.; Duran, Steve; Mitchell, Jennifer D.

2004-01-01

The Engineering Directorate of NASA Johnson Space Center has developed a nanosatellite-class free-flyer intended for future external inspection and remote viewing of human spacecraft. The Miniature Autonomous Extravehicular Robotic Camera (Mini AERCam) technology demonstration unit has been integrated into the approximate form and function of a flight system. The spherical Mini AERCam free flyer is 7.5 inches in diameter and weighs approximately 10 pounds, yet it incorporates significant additional capabilities compared to the 35 pound, 14 inch AERCam Sprint that flew as a Shuttle flight experiment in 1997. Mini AERCam hosts a full suite of miniaturized avionics, instrumentation, communications, navigation, imaging, power, and propulsion subsystems, including digital video cameras and a high resolution still image camera. The vehicle is designed for either remotely piloted operations or supervised autonomous operations including automatic stationkeeping and point-to-point maneuvering. Mini AERCam is designed to fulfill the unique requirements and constraints associated with using a free flyer to perform external inspections and remote viewing of human spacecraft operations. This paper describes the application of Mini AERCam for stand-alone spacecraft inspection, as well as for roles on teams of humans and robots conducting future space exploration missions.

Design and testing of a magnetically driven implosion peak current diagnostic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hess, M. H.; Peterson, K. J.; Ampleford, D. J.; Hutsel, B. T.; Jennings, C. A.; Gomez, M. R.; Dolan, D. H.; Robertson, G. K.; Payne, S. L.; Stygar, W. A.; Martin, M. R.; Sinars, D. B.

2018-04-01

A critical component of the magnetically driven implosion experiments at Sandia National Laboratories is the delivery of high-current, 10s of MA, from the Z pulsed power facility to a target. In order to assess the performance of the experiment, it is necessary to measure the current delivered to the target. Recent Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments have included velocimetry diagnostics, such as PDV (Photonic Doppler Velocimetry) or Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector, in the final power feed section in order to infer the load current as a function of time. However, due to the nonlinear volumetrically distributed magnetic force within a velocimetry flyer, a complete time-dependent load current unfold is typically a time-intensive process and the uncertainties in the unfold can be difficult to assess. In this paper, we discuss how a PDV diagnostic can be simplified to obtain a peak current by sufficiently increasing the thickness of the flyer. This effectively keeps the magnetic force localized to the flyer surface, resulting in fast and highly accurate measurements of the peak load current. In addition, we show the results of experimental peak load current measurements from the PDV diagnostic in recent MagLIF experiments.

Detection of an anomalous pressure on a magneto-inertial-fusion load current diagnostic

DOE PAGES

Hess, Mark Harry; Hutsel, Brian Thomas; Jennings, Christopher Ashley; ...

2017-01-30

Recent Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments at the Sandia National Laboratories Z pulsed power facility have featured a PDV (Photonic Doppler Velocimetry) diagnostic in the final power feed section for measuring load current. In this paper, we report on an anomalous pressure that is detected on this PDV diagnostic very early in time during the current ramp. Early time load currents that are greater than both B-dot upstream current measurements and existing Z machine circuit models by at least 1 MA would be necessary to describe the measured early time velocity of the PDV flyer. This leads us to infermore » that the pressure producing the early time PDV flyer motion cannot be attributed to the magnetic pressure of the load current but rather to an anomalous pressure. Using the MHD code ALEGRA, we are able to compute a time-dependent anomalous pressure function, which when added to the magnetic pressure of the load current, yields simulated flyer velocities that are in excellent agreement with the PDV measurement. As a result, we also provide plausible explanations for what could be the origin of the anomalous pressure.« less

A Report on the Validation of Beryllium Strength Models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Armstrong, Derek Elswick

2016-02-05

This report discusses work on validating beryllium strength models with flyer plate and Taylor rod experimental data. Strength models are calibrated with Hopkinson bar and quasi-static data. The Hopkinson bar data for beryllium provides strain rates up to about 4000 per second. A limitation of the Hopkinson bar data for beryllium is that it only provides information on strain up to about 0.15. The lack of high strain data at high strain rates makes it difficult to distinguish between various strength model settings. The PTW model has been calibrated many different times over the last 12 years. The lack ofmore » high strain data for high strain rates has resulted in these calibrated PTW models for beryllium exhibiting significantly different behavior when extrapolated to high strain. For beryllium, the α parameter of PTW has recently been calibrated to high precision shear modulus data. In the past the α value for beryllium was set based on expert judgment. The new α value for beryllium was used in a calibration of the beryllium PTW model by Sky Sjue. The calibration by Sjue used EOS table information to model the temperature dependence of the heat capacity. Also, the calibration by Sjue used EOS table information to model the density changes of the beryllium sample during the Hopkinson bar and quasi-static experiments. In this paper, the calibrated PTW model by Sjue is compared against experimental data and other strength models. The other strength models being considered are a PTW model calibrated by Shuh- Rong Chen and a Steinberg-Guinan type model by John Pedicini. The three strength models are used in a comparison against flyer plate and Taylor rod data. The results show that the Chen PTW model provides better agreement to this data. The Chen PTW model settings have been previously adjusted to provide a better fit to flyer plate data, whereas the Sjue PTW model has not been changed based on flyer plate data. However, the Sjue model provides a reasonable fit to flyer plate and Taylor rod data, and also gives a better match to recently analyzed Z-machine data which has a strain of about 0.35 and a strain rate of 3e5 s -1.« less

Bioinspired Engineering of Exploration Systems (BEES) - its Impact on Future Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thakoor, Sarita; Hine, Butler; Zornetzer, Steve

2004-01-01

This paper describes an overview of our "Bioinspired Engineering of Exploration Systems for Mars" ( "BEES for Mars") project. The BEES approach distills selected biologically inspired strategies utilizing motion cues/optic flow, bioinspired pattern recognition, biological visual and neural control systems, bioinspired sensing and communication techniques, and birds of prey inspired search and track algorithmic systems. Unique capabilities so enabled, provide potential solutions to future autonomous robotic space and planetary mission applications. With the first series of tests performed in September 2003, August 2004 and September 2004, we have demonstrated the BEES technologies at the El Mirage Dry Lakebed site in the Mojave Desert using Delta Wing experimental prototypes. We call these test flyers the "BEES flyer", since we are developing them as dedicated test platform for the newly developed bioinspired sensors, processors and algorithmic strategies. The Delta Wing offers a robust airframe that can sustain high G launches and offers ease of compact stowability and packaging along with scaling to small size and low ReynOld's number performance for a potential Mars deployment. Our approach to developing light weight, low power autonomous flight systems using concepts distilled from biology promises to enable new applications, of dual use to NASA and DoD needs. Small in size (0.5 -5 Kg) BEES Flyers are demonstrating capabilities for autonomous flight and sensor operability in Mars analog conditions. The BEES project team spans JPL, NASA Ames, Australian National University (ANU), Brigham Young University(BYU), DC Berkeiey, Analogic Computers Inc. and other institutions. The highlights from our recent flight demonstrations exhibiting new Mission enabling capabilities are described. Further, this paper describes two classes of potential new missions for Mars exploration: (1) the long range exploration missions, and (2) observation missions, for real time imaging of critical ephemeral phenomena, that can be enabled by use of BEES flyers. For example, such flyers can serve as a powerful black-box for critical descent and landing data and enablers for improved science missions complementing and supplementing the existing assets like landers and rovers by providing valuable exploration and quick extended low-altitude aerial coverage of the sites of interest by imaging them and distributing instruments to them. Imaging done by orbiters allows broad surface coverage at limited spatial resolution. Low altitude air-borne exploration of Mars offers a means for imaging large areas, perhaps up to several hundred kilometers, quickly and efficiently, providing a close-up birds-eye view of the planetary terrain and close-up approach to constrained difficult areas like canyons and craters. A novel approach to low-mass yet highly capable flyers is enabled by small aircraft equipped using sensors and processors and algorithms developed using BEES technology. This project is focused towards showing the direct impact of blending the best of artificial intelligence attributes and bioinspiration to create a leap beyond existing capability for our future Missions.

Orbital Anomalies in Goddard Spacecraft for Calendar Year 1994

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, Walter B.

1996-01-01

This report summarizes and updates the annual on-orbit performance between January I and December 31, 1994, for spacecraft built by or managed by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). During 1994, GSFC had 27 active orbiting satellites and I Shuttle-launched and retrieved 'free flyer.' There were 310 reported anomalies among 21 satellites and one GSFC instrument (TOMS). GOES-8 accounted for 66 anomalies, and SAMPES reported 155 'anomalies'. Of the 155 anomalies reported for all but SAMPEX, only 4 affected the spacecraft missions 'substantially' or greater, that is, presented a loss of more than 33% of the total missions. The most frequent subsystem anomalies were Instrument/Payload(44), Timing Command and Control(40), and Attitude Control Systems(33). Of the non-SAMPEX anomalies, 29% had no effect on the missions and 28% caused subsystem or instrument degradation and, for another 28%, no anomaly effect on the mission could be determined. Fifty-three percent of non-SAMPEX anomalies could not be classified according to 'type'; the other most common types were 'systemic'(35), 'random'(19), and 'normal or expected operation'(15). Forty percent of the anomalies were not classified according to failure category; the remaining most frequent occurrences were 'design problems'(50) and 'other known problems'(35).

Space Station Freedom avionics technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Edwards, A.

1990-01-01

The Space Station Freedom Program (SSFP) encompasses the design, development, test, evaluation, verification, launch, assembly, and operation and utilization of a set of spacecraft in low earth orbit (LEO) and their supporting facilities. The spacecraft set includes: the Space Station Manned Base (SSMB), a European Space Agency (ESA) provided Man-Tended Free Flyer (MTFF) at an inclination of 28.5 degrees and nominal attitude of 410 km, a USA provided Polar Orbiting Platform (POP), and an ESA provided POP in sun-synchronous, near polar orbits at a nominal altitude of 822 km. The SSMB will be assembled using the National Space Transportation System (NSTS). The POPs and the MTFF will be launched by Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELVs): a Titan 4 for the US POP and an Ariane for the ESA POP and MTFF. The US POP will for the most part use derivatives of systems flown on unmanned LEO spacecraft. The SSMB portion of the overall program is presented.

KSC-06pd0217

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Pilot Steve Fossett (facing camera, left) and Sir Richard Branson (second from right) talk with Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer team members about the fuel leak detected in the aircraft. Branson is chairman and founder of Virgin Atlantic. Steve Fossett will pilot the GlobalFlyer on a record-breaking attempt by flying solo, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. Fossett was expected to take off from the KSC SLF before the takeoff was postponed due to the fuel leak that appeared in the last moments of loading. The next planned takeoff attempt is 7 a.m. Feb. 8 from the SLF. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

With a cloudy horizon scene as a backdrop, the Spartan 207 free-flyer is held in the grasp of the

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

STS-77 ESC VIEW --- With a cloudy horizon scene as a backdrop, the Spartan 207 free-flyer is held in the grasp of the Space Shuttle Endeavour's Remote Manipulator System (RMS) following its re-capture on May 21, 1996. The view was captured with an onboard Electronic Still Camera (ESC). The six-member crew has spent a portion of the early stages of the mission in various activities involving the Spartan 207 and the related Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE). The Spartan project is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. GMT: 09:39:35.

Sensitivity Characterization of Pressed Energetic Materials using Flyer Plate Mesoscale Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rai, Nirmal; Udaykumar, H. S.

Heterogeneous energetic materials like pressed explosives have complicated microstructure and contain various forms of heterogeneities such as pores, micro-cracks, energetic crystals etc. It is widely accepted that the presence of these heterogeneities can affect the sensitivity of these materials under shock load. The interaction of shock load with the microstructural heterogeneities may leads to the formation of local heated regions known as ``hot spots''. Chemical reaction may trigger at the hot spot regions depending on the hot spot temperature and the duration over which the temperature can be maintained before phenomenon like heat conduction, rarefaction waves withdraws energy from it. There are different mechanisms which can lead to the formation of hot spots including void collapse. The current work is focused towards the sensitivity characterization of two HMX based pressed energetic materials using flyer plate mesoscale simulations. The aim of the current work is to develop mesoscale numerical framework which can perform simulations by replicating the laboratory based flyer plate experiments. The current numerical framework uses an image processing approach to represent the microstructural heterogeneities incorporated in a massively parallel Eulerian code SCIMITAR3D. The chemical decomposition of HMX is modeled using Henson-Smilowitz reaction mechanism. The sensitivity characterization is aimed towards obtaining James initiation threshold curve and comparing it with the experimental results.

Large Area and Short-Pulse Shock Initiation of a Tatb/hmx Mixed Explosive

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guiji, Wang; Chengwei, Sun; Jun, Chen; Cangli, Liu; Jianheng, Zhao; Fuli, Tan; Ning, Zhang

2007-12-01

The large area and short-pulse shock initiation experiments on the plastic bonded mixed explosive of TATB(80%) and HMX(15%) have been performed with an electric gun where a Mylar flyer of 10-19 mm in diameter and 0.05˜0.30 mm in thickness was launched by an electrically exploding metallic bridge foil. The cylindrical explosive specimens (Φ16 mm×8 mm in size) were initiated by the Mylar flyers in thickness of 0.07˜0.20 mm, which induced shock pressure in specimen was of duration ranging from 0.029 to 0.109 μs. The experimental data were treated with the DRM(Delayed Robbins-Monro) procedure and to provide the initiation threshold of flyer velocities at 50% probability are 3.398˜1.713 km/s and that of shock pressure P 13.73˜5.23 GPa, respectively for different pulse durations. The shock initiation criteria of the explosive specimen at 50% and 100% probabilities are yielded. In addition, the 30° wedged sample was tested and the shock to detonation transition (SDT) process emerging on its inclined surface was diagnosed with a device consisting of multiple optical fiber probe, optoelectronic transducer and digital oscilloscope. The POP plot of the explosive has been gained from above SDT data.

Changes in Near Visual Acuity of Over Time in the Astronaut Corps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taiym, Wafa; Wear, Mary L.; Locke, James; Mason, Sara; VanBaalen, Mary

2014-01-01

We hypothesized that visual impairment due to intracranial pressure (VIIP) would increase the rate of which presbyopia would occur in the astronaut population, with long durations flyers at an especially high risk. Presbyopia is characterized as the gradual loss of near visual acuity overtime due to a loss in ability to accommodate. It generally develops in the mid-40s and progresses until about age 65. This analysis considered annual vision exams conducted on active NASA astronauts with spaceflight experience currently between the ages of 40 to 60 years of age. Onset of presbyopia was characterized as a shift of at least 20 units on the standard Snellen test from one annual exam to the next. There were 236 short duration and 48 long duration flyers, the majority of whom did experience onset of presbyopia between age 40 and 60. This shift however, did not necessarily come after spaceflight. In comparing the short and long duration flyers the mean age of onset was 47 years old (SD+/-3.7). The mean of onset within the general population is 45 to 47 years old [1, 2]. The mean age of the onset of presbyopia as compared to the general population indicates that space flight does not induce early development of presbyopia.

A novel graded density impactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winter, Ron; Cotton, Matthew; Harris, Ernest; Eakins, Daniel; Chapman, David

2013-06-01

Ramp loading using graded-density-impactors as flyers in plate impact experiments can yield useful information about the dynamic properties of the loaded material. Selective Laser Melting, an additive manufacture technique, was used to fabricate a graded-density flyer, termed the ``bed of nails'' (BON). A 2 mm thick x 100 mm diameter solid disc of stainless steel formed a base for an array of tapered spikes of length 6 mm and spaced 1 mm apart. Two experiments to test the concept were performed at impact velocities of 900 m/s and 1100 m/s using the 100 mm gas gun at The Institute of Shock Physics, Imperial College, London. In each experiment a BON flyer was impacted onto a copper buffer plate which helped to smooth out perturbations in the wave profile. The ramp delivered to the copper buffer was in turn transmitted to three tantalum targets of thicknesses 3, 5 and 7 mm, mounted in contact with the back face of the copper. Heterodyne velocimetry was used to measure the velocity-time history, at the back faces of the tantalum discs. The wave profiles display a smooth increase in free surface velocity over a period of about 2.5 microseconds. The measured profiles have been analysed to generate a stress vs. volume curve for tantalum.

Testing for altruism and social pressure in charitable giving.

PubMed

DellaVigna, Stefano; List, John A; Malmendier, Ulrike

2012-01-01

Every year, 90% of Americans give money to charities. Is such generosity necessarily welfare enhancing for the giver? We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes two types of motivation: individuals like to give, for example, due to altruism or warm glow, and individuals would rather not give but dislike saying no, for example, due to social pressure. We design a door-to-door fund-raiser in which some households are informed about the exact time of solicitation with a flyer on their doorknobs. Thus, they can seek or avoid the fund-raiser. We find that the flyer reduces the share of households opening the door by 9% to 25% and, if the flyer allows checking a Do Not Disturb box, reduces giving by 28% to 42%. The latter decrease is concentrated among donations smaller than $10. These findings suggest that social pressure is an important determinant of door-to-door giving. Combining data from this and a complementary field experiment, we structurally estimate the model. The estimated social pressure cost of saying no to a solicitor is $3.80 for an in-state charity and $1.40 for an out-of-state charity. Our welfare calculations suggest that our door-to-door fund-raising campaigns on average lower the utility of the potential donors.

Influence of Customer Quality Perception on the Effectiveness of Commercial Stimuli for Electronic Products.

PubMed

Garrido-Morgado, Álvaro; González-Benito, Óscar; Martos-Partal, Mercedes

2016-01-01

Creating and maintaining customer loyalty are strategic requirements for modern business. In the current competitive context, product quality, and brand experience are crucial in building and maintaining customer loyalty. Consumer loyalty, which may be classified into cognitive loyalty and affective loyalty, is related to customers' quality perception. Cue utilization theory distinguishes two dimensions for perceived quality, extrinsic quality-linked to the brand-and intrinsic quality-related with internal product characteristics. We propose that (i) cognitive loyalty is more influenced by intrinsic product quality whereas extrinsic product quality (brand name) is more salient for affective loyalty and, (ii) different commercial stimuli have a differential effectiveness on intrinsic and extrinsic perceived quality. In fact, in this study, we analyze how perceived quality dimensions may influence the effectiveness of two different commercial stimuli: displays and advertising flyers. While displays work within the point of sale under time-constrained conditions where consumers are more likely to use heuristics to simplify their decisions, advertising flyers work outside of the point of sale under low time-constrained conditions, and therefore favor a more reasoned purchase decision where systematic processing will be more likely. We analyze the role of quality perception in determining the effectiveness of both these commercial stimuli for selling products that induce high purchase involvement and perceived risk. The empirical analysis focuses on computer products sold by one of Europe's largest computer retailers and it combines scanner, observational, and survey data. The results show that both dimensions of quality perceptions moderate the influence of displays and advertising flyers on sales, but their impact is different on each commercial stimuli. Extrinsic quality perception increases to a greater extent the effect of displays due to the use of a brand name heuristic. However, intrinsic quality perception improves to a greater extent the effect of advertising flyers, which in turn are more closely related to systematic decision processing.

Influence of Customer Quality Perception on the Effectiveness of Commercial Stimuli for Electronic Products

PubMed Central

Garrido-Morgado, Álvaro; González-Benito, Óscar; Martos-Partal, Mercedes

2016-01-01

Creating and maintaining customer loyalty are strategic requirements for modern business. In the current competitive context, product quality, and brand experience are crucial in building and maintaining customer loyalty. Consumer loyalty, which may be classified into cognitive loyalty and affective loyalty, is related to customers' quality perception. Cue utilization theory distinguishes two dimensions for perceived quality, extrinsic quality—linked to the brand—and intrinsic quality—related with internal product characteristics. We propose that (i) cognitive loyalty is more influenced by intrinsic product quality whereas extrinsic product quality (brand name) is more salient for affective loyalty and, (ii) different commercial stimuli have a differential effectiveness on intrinsic and extrinsic perceived quality. In fact, in this study, we analyze how perceived quality dimensions may influence the effectiveness of two different commercial stimuli: displays and advertising flyers. While displays work within the point of sale under time-constrained conditions where consumers are more likely to use heuristics to simplify their decisions, advertising flyers work outside of the point of sale under low time-constrained conditions, and therefore favor a more reasoned purchase decision where systematic processing will be more likely. We analyze the role of quality perception in determining the effectiveness of both these commercial stimuli for selling products that induce high purchase involvement and perceived risk. The empirical analysis focuses on computer products sold by one of Europe's largest computer retailers and it combines scanner, observational, and survey data. The results show that both dimensions of quality perceptions moderate the influence of displays and advertising flyers on sales, but their impact is different on each commercial stimuli. Extrinsic quality perception increases to a greater extent the effect of displays due to the use of a brand name heuristic. However, intrinsic quality perception improves to a greater extent the effect of advertising flyers, which in turn are more closely related to systematic decision processing. PMID:27014144

An operational approach for aircraft crew dosimetry: the SIEVERT system.

PubMed

Bottollier-Depois, J F; Blanchard, P; Clairand, I; Dessarps, P; Fuller, N; Lantos, P; Saint-Lô, D; Trompier, F

2007-01-01

The study of naturally occurring radiation and its associated risk is one of the preoccupations of bodies responsible for radiation protection. Cosmic particle flux is significantly higher on-board the aircraft that at ground level. Furthermore, its intensity depends on solar activity and eruptions. Due to their professional activity, flight crews and frequent flyers may receive an annual dose of some millisieverts. This is why the European directive adopted in 1996 requires the aircraft operators to assess the dose and to inform their flight crews about the risk. The effective dose is to be estimated using various experimental and calculation means. In France, the computerised system for flight assessment of exposure to cosmic radiation in air transport (SIEVERT) is delivered to airlines for assisting them in the application of the European directive. This professional service is available on an Internet server accessible to companies with a public section. The system provides doses that consider the routes flown by aircraft. Various results obtained are presented.

Neutron Resonance Spectrometry Shock Temperatures in Molybdenum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swift, Damian; Seifter, Achim; Holtkamp, David; Yuan, Vincent; Clark, David; Buttler, William

2007-06-01

Neutron resonance spectrometry (NRS) has been used to measure the temperature in Mo during shock loading, giving temperatures higher than expected. The effect of plastic flow and non-ideal projectile behavior were assessed. Plastic flow was estimated to contribute a temperature rise of 55K compared with hydrodynamic flow, and 100-150K on release, consistent with pyrometry measurements. Simulations were performed of the HE flyer system used to induce the shock in the Mo sample. The simulations predicted that the flyer was slightly curved on impact. The resulting spatial variations in load, including radial components of velocity, were predicted to increase the apparent NRS temperature by 160K. These corrections are sufficient to reconcile the apparent temperatures deduced using NRS with the accepted properties of Mo.

Shock compression experiments on Lithium Deuteride (LiD) single crystals

DOE PAGES

Knudson, M. D.; Desjarlais, M. P.; Lemke, R. W.

2016-12-21

Shock compression experiments in the few hundred GPa (multi-Mabr) regime were performed on Lithium Deuteride (LiD) single crystals. This study utilized the high velocity flyer plate capability of the Sandia Z Machine to perform impact experiments at flyer plate velocities in the range of 17-32 km/s. Measurements included pressure, density, and temperature between ~200-600 GPa along the Principal Hugoniot – the locus of end states achievable through compression by large amplitude shock waves – as well as pressure and density of re - shock states up to ~900 GPa. Lastly, the experimental measurements are compared with recent density functional theorymore » calculations as well as a new tabular equation of state developed at Los Alamos National Labs.« less

Deep Space Test Bed for Radiation Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, James H.; Christl, Mark; Watts, John; Kuznetsov, Eugene; Lin, Zi-Wei

2006-01-01

A key factor affecting the technical feasibility and cost of missions to Mars or the Moon is the need to protect the crew from ionizing radiation in space. Some analyses indicate that large amounts of spacecraft shielding may be necessary for crew safety. The shielding requirements are driven by the need to protect the crew from Galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Recent research activities aimed at enabling manned exploration have included shielding materials studies. A major goal of this research is to develop accurate radiation transport codes to calculate the shielding effectiveness of materials and to develop effective shielding strategies for spacecraft design. Validation of these models and calculations must be addressed in a relevant radiation environment to assure their technical readiness and accuracy. Test data obtained in the deep space radiation environment can provide definitive benchmarks and yield uncertainty estimates of the radiation transport codes. The two approaches presently used for code validation are ground based testing at particle accelerators and flight tests in high-inclination low-earth orbits provided by the shuttle, free-flyer platforms, or polar-orbiting satellites. These approaches have limitations in addressing all the radiation-shielding issues of deep space missions in both technical and practical areas. An approach based on long duration high altitude polar balloon flights provides exposure to the galactic cosmic ray composition and spectra encountered in deep space at a lower cost and with easier and more frequent access than afforded with spaceflight opportunities. This approach also results in shorter development times than spaceflight experiments, which is important for addressing changing program goals and requirements.

Designing berthing mechanisms for international compatibility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Winch, John; Gonzalez-Vallejo, Juan J.

1991-01-01

The paper examines the technological issues regarding common berthing interfaces for the Space Station Freedom and pressurized modules from U.S., European, and Japanese space programs. The development of the common berthing mechanism (CBM) is based on common requirements concerning specifications, launch environments, and the unique requirements of ESA's Man-Tended Free Flyer. The berthing mechanism is composed of an active and a passive half, a remote manipulator system, 4 capture-latch assemblies, 16 structural bolts, and a pressure gage to verify equalization. Extensive graphic and verbal descriptions of each element are presented emphasizing the capture-latch motion and powered-bolt operation. The support systems to complete the interface are listed, and the manufacturing requirements for consistent fabrication are discussed to ensure effective international development.

An evaluation of diet and physical activity messaging in African American churches.

PubMed

Harmon, Brook E; Blake, Christine E; Thrasher, James F; Hébert, James R

2014-04-01

The use of faith-based organizations as sites to deliver diet and physical activity interventions is increasing. Methods to assess the messaging environment within churches are limited. Our research aimed to develop and test an objective assessment methodology to characterize health messages, particularly those related to diet and physical activity, within a sample of African American churches. Written messages (bulletins, brochures, magazines) were systematically collected over 1 year and analyzed with a coding scheme that had high interrater reliability (average κ = .77). Within all health messages (n = 1109), diet and physical activity messages were prevalent (47% and 32%, respectively). Consistent with prior qualitative research, messages related to meals and to providing food to people in need were frequently found (54% and 25% of diet messages, respectively). Contrary to past research, sports and physical activity as praise (e.g., praise dancing) were the most prevalent physical activity messages (36% and 31% of physical activity messages, respectively). Bulletins, flyers, and brochures were the media in which diet and physical activity messages were most frequently found (14%, 33%, and 24%, respectively), and the church was the most frequent source (41%). Only diet and physical activity messages focused on disease prevention were more likely to originate from national health organizations than from the church (26% vs. 16%). Churches varied in the topics, media types, and sources of health messages, an important factor to consider when planning and implementing health promotion research. Future research should determine whether the enhancement of church messaging environments can produce behavioral change.

United States Fire Administration

MedlinePlus

... Vehicle Fire Safety flyer PDF 234 KB Publication Risk management practices This guide contains recommended approaches to manage organizational, operational and community risk. If you are a fire department leader, our ...

Effectiveness of two Arthritis Foundation programs: Walk With Ease, and YOU Can Break the Pain Cycle

PubMed Central

Bruno, Michelle; Cummins, Susan; Gaudiano, Lisha; Stoos, Johanna; Blanpied, Peter

2006-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of two Arthritis Foundation programs: Walk With Ease (WWE) and YOU Can Break The Pain Cycle (PC). Design: Quasi-experimental, repeated measures design. Retested at six weeks and four months. Setting: Community based intervention. Participants: Volunteer sample of 163 adults with arthritis recruited through mailings, newspapers, and flyers. Interventions: Subjects participated in a 90 minute seminar (PC, Group A), a six-week walking program (WWE, Group B), or both programs (Group C). Main outcome measures: Survey assessment of arthritis knowledge, general health, self-management activities, confidence, physical abilities, depression, health distress, and how arthritis affects their life. A Squat Test, a Six Minute Walk test, and a Timed Functional Walk Test were also administered. Results: Subjects in Group B were more confident, less depressed, had less health distress, and less pain than subjects in Group A. Scores of Group C were between Group A and B scores. Differences in groups over time indicated that the WWE resulted in increased confidence, physical abilities, time spent in self-management activities and decreased pain and fatigue. All groups increased in walking endurance at six weeks, and increased in health distress at four months. Conclusion: Subjects in different programs differed on impact of arthritis. These programs provide effective arthritis management opportunities. PMID:18046884

A fast, low resistance switch for small slapper detonators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richardson, D. D.; Jones, D. A.

1986-10-01

A novel design for a shock compression conduction switch for use with slapper detonators is described. The switch is based on the concept of an explosively driven flyer plate impacting a plastic insulator and producing sufficient pressure within the insulator to produce a conduction transition. An analysis of the functioning of the switch is made using a simple Gurney model for the explosive, and basic shock wave theory to calculate impact pressure and switch closure times. The effect of explosive tamping is considered, and calculations are carried out for two donor explosive thicknesses and a range of flyer plate thicknesses. The new switch has been successfully tested in a series of experimental slapper detonator firings. The results of these tests show trends in overall agreement with those predicted by the calculations.

A flyer-impact technique for measuring viscosity of metal under shock compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yilei; Liu, Fusheng; Ma, Xiaojuan; Li, Yinglei; Yu, Ming; Zhang, Jichun; Jing, Fuqian

2009-01-01

A flyer-impact technique, different from the explosive method of [Sakharov et al., Sov. Phys. Dokl. 9, 1091 (1965)], is developed to investigate the viscosity of shocked metals. The shock wave with a front of sinusoidal perturbation is induced by the sinusoidal profile of the impact surface of the sample by use of two-stage light-gas gun. The oscillatory damping process of the perturbation amplitude is monitored by electric pins. Two damping curves (perturbation amplitude relative to its initial value versus propagated distance relative to the wavelength of sinusoidal perturbation) of aluminum are determined at 78 and 101 GPa. The effective shear viscosity coefficients are deduced to be about 1300 and 800 Pa s based on the Miller and Ahrens analytic solution for viscous fluid.

[Arrhythmias and heart blocks in flying personnel with mitral valve prolapses].

PubMed

Zakharov, V P; Karlov, V N; Bondareva, S V; Vlasov, V D

1999-01-01

Investigated were 76 pilots with ECG-verified mitral valve prolapses (MVP) of the 1st and 2nd degree (w/o profound regurgitation). There were various heart blocks and ECG repolarization changes in 35 cases. Comparison of results of the cardiovascular functional investigations of flyers with MVP displayed non-specific cardiac rhythm and conductance disturbances that were registered more often during ECG-monitoring or test loading. According to the data of this study, bicycle and treadmill ergometry revealed "pseudoischemic" shifts in ECG. Literary indications of a significant loss in human endurance of physical loads due to MVP combined with the strain-induced arrhythmia received the experimental confirmation. Probably, arrhythmias in flyers with diagnosed MVP are predominantly associated with electric instability of the myocardium against the autonomous dysfunction with prevailing adrenergic effects.

Effectiveness of environmental-based educative program for disaster preparedness and burn management.

PubMed

Moghazy, Amr; Abdelrahman, Amira; Fahim, Ayman

2012-01-01

Preparedness is a necessity for proper handling of emergencies and disaster, particularly in Suez Canal and Sinai regions. To assure best success rates, educative programs should be environmentally based. Burn and fire preventive educative programs were tailored to adapt social and education levels of audience. In addition, common etiologies and applicability of preventive measures, according to local resources and logistics, were considered. Presentations were the main educative tool; they were made as simple as possible to assure best understanding. To assure continuous education, brochures and stickers, containing most popular mistakes and questions, were distributed after the sessions. Audience was classified according to their level of knowledge to health professional group; students groups; high-risk group; and lay people group. For course efficacy evaluation, pre- and posttests were used immediately before and after the sessions. Right answers in both tests were compared for statistical significance. Results showed significant acquisition of proper attitude and knowledge in all educated groups. The highest was among students and the least was in health professionals. Comprehensive simple environmental-based educative programs are ideal for rapid reform and community mobilization in our region. Activities should include direct contact, stickers and flyers, and audiovisual tools if possible.

AERCam Autonomy: Intelligent Software Architecture for Robotic Free Flying Nanosatellite Inspection Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fredrickson, Steven E.; Duran, Steve G.; Braun, Angela N.; Straube, Timothy M.; Mitchell, Jennifer D.

2006-01-01

The NASA Johnson Space Center has developed a nanosatellite-class Free Flyer intended for future external inspection and remote viewing of human spacecraft. The Miniature Autonomous Extravehicular Robotic Camera (Mini AERCam) technology demonstration unit has been integrated into the approximate form and function of a flight system. The spherical Mini AERCam Free Flyer is 7.5 inches in diameter and weighs approximately 10 pounds, yet it incorporates significant additional capabilities compared to the 35-pound, 14-inch diameter AERCam Sprint that flew as a Shuttle flight experiment in 1997. Mini AERCam hosts a full suite of miniaturized avionics, instrumentation, communications, navigation, power, propulsion, and imaging subsystems, including digital video cameras and a high resolution still image camera. The vehicle is designed for either remotely piloted operations or supervised autonomous operations, including automatic stationkeeping, point-to-point maneuvering, and waypoint tracking. The Mini AERCam Free Flyer is accompanied by a sophisticated control station for command and control, as well as a docking system for automated deployment, docking, and recharge at a parent spacecraft. Free Flyer functional testing has been conducted successfully on both an airbearing table and in a six-degree-of-freedom closed-loop orbital simulation with avionics hardware in the loop. Mini AERCam aims to provide beneficial on-orbit views that cannot be obtained from fixed cameras, cameras on robotic manipulators, or cameras carried by crewmembers during extravehicular activities (EVA s). On Shuttle or International Space Station (ISS), for example, Mini AERCam could support external robotic operations by supplying orthogonal views to the intravehicular activity (IVA) robotic operator, supply views of EVA operations to IVA and/or ground crews monitoring the EVA, and carry out independent visual inspections of areas of interest around the spacecraft. To enable these future benefits with minimal impact on IVA operators and ground controllers, the Mini AERCam system architecture incorporates intelligent systems attributes that support various autonomous capabilities. 1) A robust command sequencer enables task-level command scripting. Command scripting is employed for operations such as automatic inspection scans over a region of interest, and operator-hands-off automated docking. 2) A system manager built on the same expert-system software as the command sequencer provides detection and smart-response capability for potential system-level anomalies, like loss of communications between the Free Flyer and control station. 3) An AERCam dynamics manager provides nominal and off-nominal management of guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) functions. It is employed for safe trajectory monitoring, contingency maneuvering, and related roles. This paper will describe these architectural components of Mini AERCam autonomy, as well as the interaction of these elements with a human operator during supervised autonomous control.

The Space Station Freedom - International cooperation and innovation in space safety

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodney, George A.

1989-01-01

The Space Station Freedom (SSF) being developed by the United States, European Space Agency (ESA), Japan, and Canada poses novel safety challenges in design, operations, logistics, and program management. A brief overview discloses many features that make SSF a radical departure from earlier low earth orbit (LEO) space stations relative to safety management: size and power levels; multiphase manned assembly; 30-year planned lifetime, with embedded 'hooks and scars' forevolution; crew size and skill-mix variability; sustained logistical dependence; use of man, robotics and telepresence for on-orbit maintenance of station and free-flyer systems; closed-environment recycling; use of automation and expert systems; long-term operation of collocated life-sciences and materials-science experiments, requiring control and segregation of hazardous and chemically incompatible materials; and materials aging in space.

75 FR 5643 - Notice of Receipt of Requests to Voluntarily Cancel Certain Pesticide Registrations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-03

... 50% Malathion Malathion Spray 000769-00847 Pratt's Home & Garden Pyrethrins Insect Bomb Piperonyl...-00099 Flyer's Insecticide Resmethrin 047000-00132 Wasp & Hornet Insect Resmethrin Bomb 048668-00004 PPP...

Technical publications catalog : October 2006-September 2007

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

This is a comprehensive listing of Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center research documents published from October 2006 through September 2007, and includes listings of fact sheets, flyers, product briefs, reports, summaries, and TechBriefs.

Technical publications catalog : October 2003-September 2005

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

This is a comprehensive listing of Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center research documents published from October 2003 through September 2005, and includes listings of fact sheets, flyers, product briefs, summaries, and TechBriefs.

Technical publications catalog : October 2007-September 2008

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This is a comprehensive listing of Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center research documents published from October 2007 through September 2008, and includes listings of fact sheets, flyers, product briefs, reports, summaries, and TechBriefs.

28 CFR 540.70 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... activity. The term publication, as used in this subpart, means a book, booklet, pamphlet, or similar... addressed to a specific inmate such as advertising brochures, flyers, and catalogs. [61 FR 57568, Nov. 6...

Automation and robotics for COLUMBUS: An implementation concept for the free flying laboratory (MTFF)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goelz, G.; Sommer, B.

1992-01-01

With nearly forty percent of the funding, Germany is the main contributor to the European COLUMBUS Programme, followed by Italy, France and further ESA member states. The COLUMBUS elements are the Attached Laboratory (APM) to be permanently attached to the Space Station FREEDOM, the polar platform (PPF) and the Man Tended Free Flyer (MTFF). The latter element is regarded to be of special interest for the German micro-g community. Until now the implementation of A&R Technologies has not been included as part of the system concept for the COLUMBUS laboratory modules. Yet especially for the Free Flyer, a high degree of A&R will be indispensible. An A&R system concept and implementation options for A&R are given to make the COLUMBUS labs 'intelligent' laboratories in orbit.

Design, Development and Testing of Airplanes for Mars Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, David W.

2004-01-01

The opportunity for a piggyback mission to Mars aboard an Ariane 5 rocket in the early spring of 1999 set off feverish design activity at several NASA centers. This report describes the contract work done by faculty, students, and consultants at the California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo California (Cal poly/SLO) to support the NASA/Ames design, construction and test efforts to develop a simple and robust Mars Flyer configuration capable of performing a practical science mission on Mars. The first sections will address the conceptual design of a workable Mars Flyer configuration which started in the spring and summer of 1999. The following sections will focus on construction and flight test of two full-scale vehicles. The final section will reflect on the overall effort and make recommendations for future work.

Intification and modelling of flight characteristics for self-build shock flyer type UAV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rashid., Z. A.; Dardin, A. S. F. Syed.; Azid, A. A.; Ahmad, K. A.

2018-02-01

The development of an autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) requires a fundamentals studies of the UAV's flight characteristic. The aim of this study is to identify and model the flight characteristic of a conventional fixed-wing type UAV. Subsequence to this, the mode of flight of the UAV can be investigated. One technique to identify the characteristic of a UAV is a flight test where it required specific maneuvering to be executed while measuring the attitude sensor. In this study, a simple shock flyer type UAV was used as the aircraft. The result shows that the modeled flight characteristic has a significant relation with actual values but the fitting value is rather small. It is suggested that the future study is conducted with an improvement of the physical UAV, data filtering and better system identification methods.

Aerodynamics of a bio-inspired flexible flapping-wing micro air vehicle.

PubMed

Nakata, T; Liu, H; Tanaka, Y; Nishihashi, N; Wang, X; Sato, A

2011-12-01

MAVs (micro air vehicles) with a maximal dimension of 15 cm and nominal flight speeds of around 10 m s⁻¹, operate in a Reynolds number regime of 10⁵ or lower, in which most natural flyers including insects, bats and birds fly. Furthermore, due to their light weight and low flight speed, the MAVs' flight characteristics are substantially affected by environmental factors such as wind gust. Like natural flyers, the wing structures of MAVs are often flexible and tend to deform during flight. Consequently, the aero/fluid and structural dynamics of these flyers are closely linked to each other, making the entire flight vehicle difficult to analyze. We have recently developed a hummingbird-inspired, flapping flexible wing MAV with a weight of 2.4-3.0 g and a wingspan of 10-12 cm. In this study, we carry out an integrated study of the flexible wing aerodynamics of this flapping MAV by combining an in-house computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method and wind tunnel experiments. A CFD model that has a realistic wing planform and can mimic realistic flexible wing kinematics is established, which provides a quantitative prediction of unsteady aerodynamics of the four-winged MAV in terms of vortex and wake structures and their relationship with aerodynamic force generation. Wind tunnel experiments further confirm the effectiveness of the clap and fling mechanism employed in this bio-inspired MAV as well as the importance of the wing flexibility in designing small flapping-wing MAVs.

A novel graded density impactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winter, R. E.; Cotton, M.; Harris, E. J.; Chapman, D. J.; Eakins, D.

2014-05-01

Ramp loading using graded-density-impactors as flyers in gas-gun-driven plate impact experiments can yield new and useful information about the equation of state and the strength properties of the loaded material. Selective Laser Melting, an additive manufacture technique, was used to manufacture a graded density flyer, termed the "bed of nails" (BON). A 2 mm thick × 100 mm diameter solid disc of stainless steel formed a base for an array of tapered spikes of length 6 mm and spaced 1 mm apart. The two experiments to test the concept were performed at impact velocities of 900 m/s and 1100 m/s using the 100 mm gas gun at the Institute of Shock Physics at Imperial College, London. In each experiment a BON flyer was impacted onto a copper buffer plate which helped to smooth out perturbations in the wave profile. The ramp delivered to the copper buffer was in turn transmitted to three tantalum targets of thicknesses 3, 5 and 7 mm, which were mounted in contact with the back face of the copper. Heterodyne velocimetry was used to measure the velocity-time history, at the back faces of the tantalum discs. The wave profiles display a smooth increase in velocity over a period of ~2.5 us, with no indication of a shock jump. The measured profiles have been analysed to generate a stress strain curve for tantalum. The results have been compared with the predictions of the Sandia National Laboratories hydrocode, CTH.

Use of a Unique Farmers' Market Program Targeting Lower-Income Community Members.

PubMed

Lawrence, Brittany; Greer, Anna E; Zimeri, Anne Marie; Hernandez, Daphne C; Ahn, SangNam; Jones, Shaakira; Smith, Matthew Lee

2018-06-01

We examined use of a farmers' market that leverages community partnerships to provide free produce to lower-income persons. Participants (n = 422) were asked to complete a questionnaire and given an ID number, which was used to track market use from 2014 to 2015. Chi square tests were used to examine associations between 2014/2015 market use and reasons for market use, financial support received, and how attendees had learned about the market. Ordinal regression was used to identify household characteristics associated with increased market attendance. Although the proportion of lower-income attendees declined over the study period, a substantial proportion of households in 2014 (69.1%) and 2015 (54.6%) were below the poverty threshold. We identified significant differences in attendees' reasons for market use and ways attendees heard about the market from 2014 to 2015. The most frequently reported reason for 2014 market use was retirement/fixed income (P < 0.001) and in 2015 was low-income (P < 0.001). Most attendees heard about the market through flyers (P < 0.001) and word of mouth (P ≤ 0.001) in 2014 and through local, non-profit services (P < 0.001) in 2015. In the ordinal regression, households with an older person registering the household for the market used the market more times per year (P < 0.001). Impoverished households (P = 0.020) and households receiving more financial support services (P < 0.001) used the market fewer times per year. While a substantial proportion of lower-income persons used the free-produce market, frequency of use was still lowest among this group indicating a need to address barriers beyond produce cost.

HAWQS Beta Flyer

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

HAWQS is a web-based interactive water quantity and quality modeling system that provides users with interactive web interfaces and maps; pre-loaded input data; outputs that include tables, charts, graphs and raw output data; and a user guide.

High Flyers: Glorious Past, Gloomy Present, Any Future?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baruch, Yehuda; Peiperl, Maury

1997-01-01

New types of psychological contracts, in which promotions cannot be guaranteed or expected, are emerging. Former methods of selecting and assessing high-potential candidates are obsolete, and human resource management practices must change. (SK)

HAWQS beta flyer

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

HAWQS is a web-based interactive water quantity and quality modeling system that provides users with interactive web interfaces and maps; pre-loaded input data; outputs that include tables, charts, graphs and raw output data; and a user guide.

Interim Evaluation Results from New Flyer/Allison Hybrid Buses at King County Metro: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chandler, K.; Eberts, E.; Eudy, L.

2005-05-01

This paper prepared for the 2005 American Public Transportation Association Bus & Paratransit Conference discusses NREL/DOE evaluation of hybrid electric articulated transit buses operated by King County Metro.

Leveraging the Happy Meal Effect: Substituting Food with Modest Nonfood Incentives Decreases Portion Size Choice

PubMed Central

Reimann, Martin; Bechara, Antoine; MacInnis, Deborah

2015-01-01

Despite much effort to decrease food intake by altering portion sizes, “super-sized” meals are the preferred choice of many. This research investigated the extent to which individuals can be subtly incentivized to choose smaller portion sizes. Three randomized experiments (2 in the lab and 1 in the field) established that individuals’ choice of full-sized food portions is reduced when they are given the opportunity to choose a half-sized version with a modest nonfood incentive. This substitution effect was robust across different nonfood incentives, foods, populations, and time. Experiment 1 established the effect with children, using inexpensive headphones as nonfood incentives. Experiment 2—a longitudinal study across multiple days—generalized this effect with adults, using the mere chance to win either gift cards or frequent flyer miles as nonfood incentives. Experiment 3 demonstrated the effect among actual restaurant customers who had originally planned to eat a full-sized portion, using the mere chance to win small amounts of money. Our investigation broadens the psychology of food portion choice from perceptual and social factors to motivational determinants. PMID:26372082

College Women's Health

MedlinePlus

... the College Women's Social Media Kit! College Women's Social Media Toolkit Use the Social Media Toolkit to share health tips with your campus ... toolkit includes resources for young women including sample social media messages, flyers and blogs posts. NEW Social Media ...

ADF Educators Guide to Healthy Eating (ADF EDGE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-01

which can be adopted by the ADF to produce suitable education materials for use by individual service men and women , catering and health personnel. An example brochure and flyer for use as educational tools, are attached.

Reactive conductors for increased efficiency of exploding foil initiators and other detonators

DOEpatents

Morris, Christopher J.; Wilkins, Paul; May, Chadd; Zakar, Eugene

2015-05-05

Provided among other things are reactive energetic material systems used for conductors in detonators for increased efficiencies. According to an embodiment, a detonator may include: a conductor including at least two constituents including (i) an electrically conductive constituent, and (ii) an electrically non-conductive constituent, that when subjected to sufficient electrical energy, result in an exothermic reaction; and a flyer plate having a non-conductive surface in contact with said conductor. When the sufficient electrical energy is supplied to said conductor, rapid heating and vaporization of at least a portion of the conductor occurs so as to explosively drive at least a portion of the flyer plate away from said conductor. In an embodiment, a multilayer conductor may be formed of alternating layers of at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one electrically non-conductive layer, that when subjected to sufficient electrical energy, result in an exothermic reaction.

The Terrestrial Planet Finder and Darwin Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Danchi, William C.

2004-01-01

Both in the United States and in Europe, teams of scientists and engineers are exploring the feasibility of the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and Darwin missions, which are designed to search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of nearby stars. In the US, the TPF Science Working Group is studying four options - small (4m by 6 m primary mirror) and large (4m by 10 m primary mirror) coronagraphs for planet detection at visible wavelengths, and structurally connected and free-flyer interferometers at thermal infrared wavelengths. The US TPF-SWG is charged with selecting an option for NASA by the end of 2006. In Europe the Darwin Terrestrial Exo-planet Advisory Team (TE- SAT) is exploring the free-flyer interferometer option only at this time. I will discuss the vurtures and difficulties of detecting and characterizing extra-solar planets in both wavelength regions as well as some of the technical challenges and progress in the past year.

A verification and validation effort for high explosives at Los Alamos National Lab (u)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scovel, Christina A; Menikoff, Ralph S

2009-01-01

We have started a project to verify and validate ASC codes used to simulate detonation waves in high explosives. Since there are no non-trivial analytic solutions, we are going to compare simulated results with experimental data that cover a wide range of explosive phenomena. The intent is to compare both different codes and different high explosives (HE) models. The first step is to test the products equation of state used for the HE models, For this purpose, the cylinder test, flyer plate and plate-push experiments are being used. These experiments sample different regimes in thermodynamic phase space: the CJ isentropemore » for the cylinder tests, the isentrope behind an overdriven detonation wave for the flyer plate experiment, and expansion following a reflected CJ detonation for the plate-push experiment, which is sensitive to the Gruneisen coefficient. The results of our findings for PBX 9501 are presented here.« less

Microenergetic Shock Initiation Studies on Deposited Films of Petn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tappan, Alexander S.; Wixom, Ryan R.; Trott, Wayne M.; Long, Gregory T.; Knepper, Robert; Brundage, Aaron L.; Jones, David A.

2009-12-01

Films of the high explosive PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) up to 500-μm thick have been deposited through physical vapor deposition, with the intent of creating well-defined samples for shock-initiation studies. PETN films were characterized with microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and focused ion beam nanotomography. These high-density films were subjected to strong shocks in both the out-of-plane and in-plane orientations. Initiation behavior was monitored with high-speed framing and streak camera photography. Direct initiation with a donor explosive (either RDX with binder, or CL-20 with binder) was possible in both orientations, but with the addition of a thin aluminum buffer plate (in-plane configuration only), initiation proved to be difficult. Initiation was possible with an explosively-driven 0.13-mm thick Kapton flyer and direct observation of initiation behavior was examined using streak camera photography at different flyer velocities. Models of this configuration were created using the shock physics code CTH.

Saddlebags, Paperbacks and Mobile Media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zwick, Carola

Information is shaped by its format. The printing press with its repeatable layout laid ground for footnotes and references from other sources, and thus can be seen as the technology that initially generated the concept of hyperlinks. In the fifteenth century, printed matter quickly developed other formats like the paperback book or the flyer. These formats changed the content in almost every aspect significantly: books that fit in a saddlebag are mobile media and thus not as precious as the gigantic and prestigious folio placed on a lectern stand in a monastery. So books became a widespread, "ordinary" mobile medium and developed a multitude of purposes, aimed at different audiences, and generated a wide range of ideas for adequate content. The flyer in its limited size and public nature generated other forms of organizing and designing content: in order to fit the format and draw attention it uses a condensed form of messaging and an exaggerated typography.

Space Shuttle Projects

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-05-27

The crew patch of STS-72 depicts the Space Shuttle Endeavour and some of the payloads on the flight. The Japanese satellite, Space Flyer Unit (SFU) is shown in a free-flying configuration with the solar array panels deployed. The inner gold border of the patch represents the SFU's distinct octagonal shape. Endeavour’s rendezvous with and retrieval of SFU at an altitude of approximately 250 nautical miles. The Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology's (OAST) flyer satellite is shown just after release from the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The OAST satellite was deployed at an altitude of 165 nautical miles. The payload bay contains equipment for the secondary payloads - the Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA) and the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument (SSBUV). There were two space walks planned to test hardware for assembly of the International Space Station. The stars represent the hometowns of the crew members in the United States and Japan.

A Process Improvement Evaluation of Sequential Compression Device Compliance and Effects of Provider Intervention.

PubMed

Beachler, Jason A; Krueger, Chad A; Johnson, Anthony E

This process improvement study sought to evaluate the compliance in orthopaedic patients with sequential compression devices and to monitor any improvement in compliance following an educational intervention. All non-intensive care unit orthopaedic primary patients were evaluated at random times and their compliance with sequential compression devices was monitored and recorded. Following a 2-week period of data collection, an educational flyer was displayed in every patient's room and nursing staff held an in-service training event focusing on the importance of sequential compression device use in the surgical patient. Patients were then monitored, again at random, and compliance was recorded. With the addition of a simple flyer and a single in-service on the importance of mechanical compression in the surgical patient, a significant improvement in compliance was documented at the authors' institution from 28% to 59% (p < .0001).

Shadowgraphic investigations into the laser-induced forward transfer of different SnO2 precursor films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mattle, Thomas; Shaw-Stewart, James; Hintennach, Andreas; Schneider, Christof W.; Lippert, Thomas; Wokaun, Alexander

2013-08-01

Laser-induced forward transfer of different SnO2 precursor films for sensor applications were investigated using time resolved imaging, from 0 to 2 μs after the onset of the ablation process. Transfers of SnCl2(acac)2 and SnO2 nano-particles, both with and without a triazene polymer dynamic release layer (DRL), were investigated and compared to transfers of aluminum films with a triazene polymer DRL. Shockwave speed and flyer speeds at high laser fluences of Φ = 650 mJ/cm2 and at the lower fluences, suitable for the transfer of functional and well defined pixels were analyzed. No influence of the use of a triazene polymer DRL on shockwave and flyer speed was observed. Material ejected under transfer condition showed a velocity of around 200 m/s with a weak shockwave.

Recruitment strategies for an acupuncture randomized clinical trial of reproductive age women

PubMed Central

Pastore, Lisa M.; Dalal, Parchayi

2009-01-01

Summary Objectives To assess the most effective recruitment strategies for an acupuncture clinical trial of reproductive age women. Design The underlying study is an acupuncture randomized clinical trial for an ovulatory disorder that affects approximately 6.5% of reproductive age women (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome). Study participation involved 2 months of intervention and 3 months of follow-up with US$170 compensation. Success of each recruitment method used during the first 37 study months was analyzed. Setting Clinical trial in the Dept. of OB/GYN at the University of Virginia, US. The original geographic residency target was an 80 mile radius around a college town in Virginia (population 155,000), and was expanded to the state capital (population 850,000) in recruitment year 2. Main outcome measures Number of study inquiries (phone calls or emails) over time and by recruitment source. Results In the first 37 months of recruitment (Jan 2006 – Jan 2009), there were 800 study inquiries (582 by phone, 218 by email), of which 749 were screened via telephone questionnaire. The most successful recruitment methods were flyers (28% of inquiries and 26 % of participants) and direct mailing to targeted zip codes (26% and 27%, respectively). The direct mailing cost US$110/inquiry, while the flyers cost less than US$300 in total. Study inquiries were least likely in May and November. Almost all prospective participants (94%) were acupuncture-naïve. Conclusions Posters/flyers and direct mailings proved to be the most successful recruitment methods for this CAM study. Active recruitment with multiple methods was needed for continual enrollment. PMID:19632551

Bioinspired engineering of exploration systems for NASA and DoD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thakoor, Sarita; Chahl, Javaan; Srinivasan, M. V.; Young, L.; Werblin, Frank; Hine, Butler; Zornetzer, Steven

2002-01-01

A new approach called bioinspired engineering of exploration systems (BEES) and its value for solving pressing NASA and DoD needs are described. Insects (for example honeybees and dragonflies) cope remarkably well with their world, despite possessing a brain containing less than 0.01% as many neurons as the human brain. Although most insects have immobile eyes with fixed focus optics and lack stereo vision, they use a number of ingenious, computationally simple strategies for perceiving their world in three dimensions and navigating successfully within it. We are distilling selected insect-inspired strategies to obtain novel solutions for navigation, hazard avoidance, altitude hold, stable flight, terrain following, and gentle deployment of payload. Such functionality provides potential solutions for future autonomous robotic space and planetary explorers. A BEES approach to developing lightweight low-power autonomous flight systems should be useful for flight control of such biomorphic flyers for both NASA and DoD needs. Recent biological studies of mammalian retinas confirm that representations of multiple features of the visual world are systematically parsed and processed in parallel. Features are mapped to a stack of cellular strata within the retina. Each of these representations can be efficiently modeled in semiconductor cellular nonlinear network (CNN) chips. We describe recent breakthroughs in exploring the feasibility of the unique blending of insect strategies of navigation with mammalian visual search, pattern recognition, and image understanding into hybrid biomorphic flyers for future planetary and terrestrial applications. We describe a few future mission scenarios for Mars exploration, uniquely enabled by these newly developed biomorphic flyers.

Analysis of the performance of the space ultravacuum research facility in attached and free-flyer mode

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Naumann, Robert J.

1988-01-01

The old concept of using the wake of a spacecraft to obtain an ultrahigh vacuum is revisited with a somewhat different emphasis. Since it is possible to configure a wake shield so that a surface of interest does not subtend any walls that could become contaminated, it appears that it should be possible to achieve a contamination-free, ultrahigh vacuum capability with infinite pumping speed even in the presence of high heat loads and moderate gas loads. With the new interest in developing thin films with precision controlled synthetic microstructures such as superlattices, mixed metal oxide high temperature superconductors, rare-earth magneto-optical devices, and nano-crystalline alloys, the ability to work with a variety of different materials without cross contamination should be of significance. This paper analyzes the performance of the conceptual design for a Space Ultravacuum Research Facility (SURF), both in a Shuttle-attached mode and as a free-flyer. It is shown that even in the Shuttle-attached mode, it should be possible to obtain vacuum levels equivalent to 10 to the -10 Torr with O and N2 as the primary constituents. This should be sufficient to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept, particularly the infinite pumping speed and virtual elimination of contamination aspects. As a free-flyer the SURF will be limited primarily by the gas load associated with the process being performed. For chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) it is shown that equivalent vacuum levels of 10 to the -14 Torr should be possible at 300 km.

Joining sheet aluminum AA6061-T4 to cast magnesium AM60B by vaporizing foil actuator welding: Input energy, interface, and strength

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Bert; Vivek, Anupam; Daehn, Glenn S.

Dissimilar joining of sheet aluminum AA6061-T4 to cast magnesium AM60B was achieved by vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW). Three input energy levels were used (6, 8, and 10 kJ), and as a trend, higher input energies resulted in progressively higher flyer velocities, more pronounced interfacial wavy features, larger weld zones, higher peel strengths, and higher peel energies. In all cases, weld cross section revealed a soundly bonded interface characterized by well-developed wavy features and lack of voids and continuous layers of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). At 10 kJ input energy, flyer speed of 820 m/s, peel strength of 22.4 N/mm, andmore » peel energy of 5.2 J were obtained. In lap-shear, failure occurred in AA6061- T4 flyer at 97% of the base material’s peak tensile load. Peel samples failed along the weld interface, and the AM60B-side of the fracture surface showed thin, evenly-spaced lines of Al residuals which had been torn out of the base AA6061-T4 in a ductile fashion and transferred over to the AM60B side, indicating very strong AA6061-T4/AM60B bond in these areas. Furthermore, this work demonstrates VFAW’s capability in joining dissimilar lightweight metals such as Al/Mg, which is expected to be a great enabler in the ongoing push for vehicle weight reduction.« less

Joining sheet aluminum AA6061-T4 to cast magnesium AM60B by vaporizing foil actuator welding: Input energy, interface, and strength

DOE PAGES

Liu, Bert; Vivek, Anupam; Daehn, Glenn S.

2017-09-19

Dissimilar joining of sheet aluminum AA6061-T4 to cast magnesium AM60B was achieved by vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW). Three input energy levels were used (6, 8, and 10 kJ), and as a trend, higher input energies resulted in progressively higher flyer velocities, more pronounced interfacial wavy features, larger weld zones, higher peel strengths, and higher peel energies. In all cases, weld cross section revealed a soundly bonded interface characterized by well-developed wavy features and lack of voids and continuous layers of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). At 10 kJ input energy, flyer speed of 820 m/s, peel strength of 22.4 N/mm, andmore » peel energy of 5.2 J were obtained. In lap-shear, failure occurred in AA6061- T4 flyer at 97% of the base material’s peak tensile load. Peel samples failed along the weld interface, and the AM60B-side of the fracture surface showed thin, evenly-spaced lines of Al residuals which had been torn out of the base AA6061-T4 in a ductile fashion and transferred over to the AM60B side, indicating very strong AA6061-T4/AM60B bond in these areas. Furthermore, this work demonstrates VFAW’s capability in joining dissimilar lightweight metals such as Al/Mg, which is expected to be a great enabler in the ongoing push for vehicle weight reduction.« less

KSC-06pd0041

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-01-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The media (left) capture the landing of the Virgin Atlantic Airways GlobalFlyer aircraft at NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. The aircraft, piloted by Steve Fossett, is being relocated from Salina, Kan., to the Shuttle Landing Facility to begin preparations for an attempt to set a new world record for the longest flight made by any aircraft. An exact takeoff date for the record-setting flight has not been determined and is contingent on weather and jet-stream conditions. The window for the attempt opens in mid-January, making the flight possible anytime between then and the end of February. NASA agreed to let Virgin Atlantic Airways use Kennedy's Shuttle Landing Facility as a takeoff site. The facility use is part of a pilot program to expand runway access for non-NASA activities.

Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-01-01

This is an artist's concept of the Research and Applications Modules (RAM). Evolutionary growth was an important consideration in space station plarning, and another project was undertaken in 1971 to facilitate such growth. The RAM study, conducted through a Marshall Space Flight Center contract with General Dynamics Convair Aerospace, resulted in the conceptualization of a series of RAM payload carrier-sortie laboratories, pallets, free-flyers, and payload and support modules. The study considered two basic manned systems. The first would use RAM hardware for sortie mission, where laboratories were carried into space and remained attached to the Shuttle for operational periods up to 7 days. The second envisioned a modular space station capability that could be evolved by mating RAM modules to the space station core configuration. The RAM hardware was to be built by Europeans, thus fostering international participation in the space program.

Greeley's Maplewood Middle School Stellar in Solar Car Race

Science.gov Websites

; Sinclair Middle School's car 21, "The Flyer," second place; Eagle Valley Middle School's car 5 , competitors designed and built vehicles no larger than 12 inches wide, 24 inches long and 12 inches high. The

Authentic Assessment in the Literature Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Michelle

1997-01-01

Discusses various ways to strike a balance between total teacher control and total student control of the assessment process in a high school American literature course. Discusses research projects, advertising flyers, newspapers, the "transcendental change plan," and the thematic mobile. (RS)

Aquatics, Flyers, Creepers and Terrestrials--Students' Conceptions of Animal Classification.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kattmann, Ulrich

2001-01-01

Students prefer to classify creatures along the criteria of habitat and locomotion (method of movement). Discusses the educational consequences for biology instruction, particularly with regard to biological taxonomy, biodiversity, and evolution. (Contains 33 references.) (Author/YDS)

US-Japan collaborative research on probe data : assessment report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-11-01

This flyer summarizes the identified human factors research needs for integrated in-vehicle systems for Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO), one of five configurations of in-vehicle safety and driver information systems. A complete review of the rese...

Interaural intensity difference limen.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1967-05-01

The ability to judge the direction (the azimuth) of a sound source and to discriminate it from others is often essential to flyers. A major factor in the judgment process is the interaural intensity difference that the pilot can perceive. Three kinds...

Mars Exploration Using Biomorphic Flyers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thakoor, S.; Chahl, J.; Srinivasan, M.; Cabrol, N.; Young, L.; Hine, B.; Zornetzer, S.

Mars imagery obtained by the Mariner, Viking, Pathfinder, Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey Missions suggests the previous existence of abundant liquid water (considered essential for life as we know it). It is not clear what transpired on the Martian climate to have turned the planet in to the desert that it is today. Developing a comprehensive understanding of the past and present climatic events for our sister planet Mars may provide important information relevant to the future health and well being of our own planet. Following and exploring water flow features is a valuable strategy in the search for extant or extinct life, it satisfies our fundamental scientific curiosity, and could provide answers to the fundamental questions surrounding the question of the origins of life in our solar system. Low altitude air-borne exploration of Mars offers a means for covering large areas, perhaps up to several hundred kilometers, quickly and efficiently. Aerial exploration should provide a close-up birds eye view of the planetary terrain. Exploration that can only be imagined today could become a reality if we develop methods to fly on Mars and navigate through its difficult terrain to image/study sites of interest. Mars offers a substantial challenge to conventional flight due to its thin atmosphere (about a hundredth that on Earth); lack of magnetic compassing for navigation, and the limited telecommunications or navigational infrastructure. To meet and overcome these challenges, we are adapting for Mars exploration principles proven successful in nature to achieve stable flight control and navigation. By incorporating engineering solutions modeled on successful biological solutions we will provide novel and highly effective micro flyer capabilities suitable for aerial surveillance of Mars. We will describe a few example sites on Mars whose exploration absolutely requires the ability to cover several hundred kilometers. We will illustrate how autonomous biomorphic flyers will enable imagery and environmental measurements to be captured from extremely low altitudes and even inside terrain features such as canyons that were previously considered impossible to explore on a large scale. At a Terrestrial analog Martian site, we plan to demonstrate a proof of concept simulation experiment, emulating selected conditions of Mars. The demonstration will consist of launching/deploying a variety of biomorphic flyers each containing biologically inspired technologies capable of, for example, autonomous real time navigation, visual search, selective feature detection, intelligent flight control and image enhancement by sensory data fusion.

HARDROCK MINING 2002 CALL FOR ABSTRACTS

EPA Science Inventory

This flyer will announcement the Hardrock Mining 2002 Conference on May 7-9/2002 in Westminster, CO. This conference will provide participants with an opportunity to examine and discuss current and future environmental issues shaping the hardrock mining industry with emphasis on ...

FIFTH NHEERL SYMPOSIUM FLYER -- INDICATORS IN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Announcement for NHEERL Fifth Symposium - Indicators in Health and Ecological Risk Assessment. The purpose of the symposium is to address assessment of risk to public health or environmental resources which requires competent characterization of stressors and corresponding effec...

Cognitive and perceptual principles of window-based computer dialogues

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pavel, M.; Card, S.

1986-01-01

The information-space flyer concept is similar to a flight simulator where one traverses over information topology (such as a sematic network) rather than a geographical terrain. Research and software engineering are discussed. Also included is a user manual.

14 Ways To Make More Time for Leadership.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furman, Robert

1999-01-01

Principals can effectively manage their workday by prioritizing paperwork, creating tickler and flyer files, postponing missed phone calls, stashing supplies, structuring agendas, scheduling meetings, recording phone numbers on calendars, avoiding procrastination, delegating responsibility, deputizing delegates, making a faculty suggestion board,…

Leveraging Cababilities of the National Laboratories and Academia to Understand the Properties of Warm Dense MgSiO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mattsson, Thomas R.; Townsend, Joshua P.; Shulenburger, Luke; Seagle, Christopher T.; Furnish, Michael D.; Fei, Yingwei

2017-06-01

For the past seven years, the Z Fundamental Science program has fostered collaboration between scientists at the national laboratories and academic research groups to utilize the Z-machine to explore properties of matter in extreme conditions. A recent example of this involves a collaboration between the Carnegie institution of Washington and Sandia to determine the properties of warm dense MgSiO3 by performing shock experiments using the Z-machine. To reach the higher densities desired, bridgmanite samples are being fabricated at Carnegie using multi-anvil presses. We will describe the preparations under way for these experiments, including pre-shot ab-initio calculations of the Hugoniot and the deployment of dual-layer flyer plates that allow for the measurement of sound velocities along the Hugoniot. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Recruiting for Caregiver Education Research

PubMed Central

Finlayson, Marcia; Henkel, Christin

2012-01-01

Caregiver education programs can support participants in a role that is often challenging. Research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these programs; however, recruitment for such studies can be difficult. The objectives of this study were to explore 1) how multiple sclerosis (MS) caregivers respond to recruitment materials for a research study evaluating a caregiver education program, including aspects of the materials that encourage or discourage their interest in participation; and 2) what recommendations MS caregivers have for improving study recruitment advertising. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven MS caregivers. Participants were asked about their reactions to advertisements for a pilot study intended to evaluate an MS caregiver education program. Participants were also asked to reflect on factors that would influence their decision to participate in the program and to provide suggestions to improve recruitment materials. Data were analyzed using a constant-comparative approach. Study findings indicated that the language and visual design of the advertisements influenced the participants' initial responses. Some caregivers first responded to the fact that the program was part of a research study, and these caregivers had overall negative responses to the advertising, such as concern that the program was being “tested.” Other caregivers first considered the personal relevance of the program. These caregivers had neutral-to-positive responses to the flyers and weighed the relevance of the program against the research and logistical aspects. Participants provided recommendations to improve the recruitment materials. While recruiting for caregiver education research can be challenging, piloting recruitment materials and using a variety of advertising options may improve response. PMID:24453751

Emotional Subjects for Composition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Micciche, Laura R.

Metaphors such as "gypsy academics,""freeway flyers," and "contingent laborers," ascribed by compositionists to their work and its conditions, comment on the low status of composition specialists and teachers in academic hierarchies. Work is the activity around which a profession forms, and, as such, it produces…

Measuring the benefits of intercity passenger rail : a study of the Heartland Flyer corridor.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-04-01

In recent years, the policy and regulatory environment for intercity passenger rail in the United States has : shifted dramatically, sparking a renewed interest in intercity passenger rail among policymakers, : planners, and the general public. As th...

Oklahoma Child Serve Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Oklahoma City. Div. of Special Education.

Intended for personnel of local school districts in Oklahoma, the manual offers guidelines for locating, evaluating, and providing special services for handicapped children. Information is presented in question/answer format in six major sections: introduction; awareness campaign (newspaper articles, radio and television, flyers and brochures,…

Recruitment and Participation of Older Lesbian and Bisexual Women in Intervention Research.

PubMed

Wood, Susan F; Brooks, Jacquetta; Eliason, Michele J; Garbers, Samantha; McElroy, Jane A; Ingraham, Natalie; Haynes, Suzanne G

2016-07-07

Very little research has addressed issues of recruitment and participation of lesbian and bisexual (LB) women, aged 40 and older, into research studies. This study is based on a larger cross-site intervention study that recruited women from five geographic regions in the United States for culturally specific LB healthy weight programs, lasting 12 or 16 weeks. Principal investigators (PIs) of the five intervention programs completed a questionnaire on recruitment and participation strategies and barriers. Participant data on completion and sociodemographic variables were compiled and analyzed. The recruitment strategies the programs' PIs identified as most useful included word-of-mouth participant referrals, emails to LB participants' social networks, and use of electronic health records (at the two clinic-based programs) to identify eligible participants. Flyers and web postings were considered the least useful. Once in the program, participation and completion rates were fairly high (approximately 90%), although with varying levels of engagement in the different programs. Women who were younger or single were more likely to drop out. Women with disabilities had a lower participation/completion rate (82%) than women without any disability (93%). Dropouts were associated with challenges in scheduling (time of day, location) and changes in health status. Implementation of key strategies can improve both recruitment and participation, but there is a great need for further study of best practices to recruit and promote participation of LB women for health intervention research. Copyright © 2016 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. All rights reserved.

Recruitment Strategies and Costs Associated With Enrolling People With Insomnia and High Blood Pressure Into an Online Behavioral Sleep Intervention: A Single-Site Pilot Study.

PubMed

Routledge, Faye S; Davis, Tara D; Dunbar, Sandra B

Recruitment in clinical research is a common challenge and source of study failure. The reporting of recruitment methods and costs in hypertension trials is limited especially for smaller, single-site trials, online intervention trials, and trials using newer online recruitment strategies. The aims of this study are to describe and examine the feasibility of newer online-e-mail recruitment strategies and traditional recruitment strategies used to enroll participants with insomnia and high blood pressure into an online behavioral sleep intervention study (Sleeping for Heart Health). The 16 online-e-mail-based and traditional recruitment strategies used are described. Recruitment strategy feasibility was examined by study interest and enrollee yields, conversion rates, and costs (direct, remuneration, labor, and cost per enrollee). From August 2014 to October 2015, 183 people were screened and 58 (31.7%) enrolled in the study (51.1 ± 12.9 years, 63.8% female, 72.4% African American, 136 ± 12/88 ± 7 mm Hg, 87.9% self-reported hypertension, 67.2% self-reported antihypertensive medication use). The recruitment strategies yielding the highest enrollees were the university hospital phone waiting message system (25.4%), Craigslist (22.4%), and flyers (20.3%) at a per enrollee cost of $42.84, $98.90, and $128.27, respectively. The university hospital phone waiting message system (55.6%) and flyers (54.5%) had the highest interested participant to enrolled participant conversion rate of all recruitment strategies. Approximately 70% of all enrolled participants were recruited from the university hospital phone waiting message system, Craigslist, or flyers. Given the recruitment challenges that most researchers face, we encourage the documenting, assessing, and reporting of detailed recruitment strategies and associated recruitment costs so that other researchers may benefit.

KSC-06pd0046

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-01-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - After the landing of the Virgin Atlantic Airways GlobalFlyer aircraft at NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility, Winston Scott (left), executive director of Florida Space Authority, brings pilot Steve Fossett to the microphone for a few words to the media. The aircraft is being relocated from Salina, Kan., to the Shuttle Landing Facility to begin preparations for an attempt to set a new world record for the longest flight made by any aircraft. An exact takeoff date for the record-setting flight has not been determined and is contingent on weather and jet-stream conditions. The window for the attempt opens in mid-January, making the flight possible anytime between then and the end of February. NASA agreed to let Virgin Atlantic Airways use Kennedy's Shuttle Landing Facility as a takeoff site. The facility use is part of a pilot program to expand runway access for non-NASA activities.

KSC-06pd0047

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-01-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Pilot Steve Fossett talks to the media after his landing of the Virgin Atlantic Airways GlobalFlyer aircraft at NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. Standing at left are KSC Spaceport Development Manager Jim Ball, Center Director James Kennedy and Executive Director of Florida Space Authority Winston Scott. The aircraft is being relocated from Salina, Kan., to the Shuttle Landing Facility to begin preparations for an attempt to set a new world record for the longest flight made by any aircraft. An exact takeoff date for the record-setting flight has not been determined and is contingent on weather and jet-stream conditions. The window for the attempt opens in mid-January, making the flight possible anytime between then and the end of February. NASA agreed to let Virgin Atlantic Airways use Kennedy's Shuttle Landing Facility as a takeoff site. The facility use is part of a pilot program to expand runway access for non-NASA activities.

Cognitive, behavioral and goal adjustment coping and depressive symptoms in young people with diabetes: a search for intervention targets for coping skills training.

PubMed

Kraaij, Vivian; Garnefski, Nadia

2015-03-01

The aim of the present study was to find relevant coping factors for the development of psychological intervention programs for young people with Type 1 (T1) diabetes. A wide range of coping techniques was studied, including cognitive coping, behavioral coping and goal adjustment coping. A total of 78 young people with T1 diabetes participated. They were contacted through a social networking website, several Internet sites, and flyers. A wide range of coping techniques appeared to be related to depressive symptoms. Especially the cognitive coping strategies self-blame, rumination, refocus positive, and other-blame, together with goal adjustment coping, were of importance. A large proportion of the variance of depressive symptoms could be explained (65 %). These findings suggest that these specific coping strategies should be part of coping skills trainings for young people with T1 diabetes.

Guntersville Workshop on Solar-Terrestrial Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The separation of purely solar physics from magnetospheric physics, and the effects of solar activity on geomagnetic activity are investigations which can be accomplished using the shuttle orbiter in an extended sortie mode, or an unmanned solar terrestrial observatory powered by the power module in an extended duration mode. When the power module is used with the shuttle in a sortie support mode, both the instrument capacity and the time in orbit of the orbiter can be increased several fold. In the free-flyer mode, the power module would be capable of providing power, basic attitude control, basic thermal control and housekeeping communications for unmanned, large, independent mission payloads in low earth orbit for periods of 6 months or longer. Instrument requirements for interdisciplinary joint observational programs are discussed for studies of the magnetosphere, the atmosphere, sun-weather relationships. Description summary charts of the power module are included.

STS-85 Mission Specialist Robinson prepares to enter Discovery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

STS-85 Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson prepares to enter the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery at Launch Complex 39A just prior to launch, scheduled for 10:41 a.m. EDT. The primary payload on this mission is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earths atmosphere as a part of NASAs Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discoverys payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments.

Exploring the viability of using online social media advertising as a recruitment method for smoking cessation clinical trials.

PubMed

Frandsen, Mai; Walters, Julia; Ferguson, Stuart G

2014-02-01

The aim of the present study was to explore the viability of using social media as a recruitment tool in a clinical research trial. Sociodemographic data and smoking characteristics were assessed in 266 participants recruited to investigate the effectiveness of a behavioral support program for smoking cessation. For analysis, participants were separated into 2 groups based on whether they were recruited either using traditional means (flyers, word of mouth, or newspaper advertisement; n = 125, 47.0%) or by advertisements in online social media (n = 138, 51.9%). Participants recruited via social media were significantly younger, but there were no differences in other socioeconomic variables or smoking characteristics compared with participants recruited via other traditional means. The findings of the present study suggest that using online social media is a viable recruitment method for smoking studies and compliments other more traditional recruitment methods.

Watershed Academy Webcast - ELI/TNC Watershed Approach Handbook: Improving Outcomes and Increasing Benefits Associated with Wetland and Stream Restoration and Protection Projects

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Flyer, presentation, and additional resources for the March 18, 2015 webcast, ELI/TNC Watershed Approach Handbook: Improving Outcomes and Increasing Benefits Associated with Wetland and Stream Restoration and Protection Projects

Community Relations Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Literacy Volunteers, Inc., Syracuse, NY.

A handbook for a community relations coordinator for Literacy Volunteers of America, Inc. is presented. An explanation of placement and advance planning is included. Information on flyers, posters, and newsletters; advance preparation of photographs, identifying them, and getting releases; and examples of news releases and steps in preparing them…

PR Bibliography, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Albert, Ed.

1997-01-01

Based on searches of nearly 200 periodicals as well as publishers' flyers and brochures from 30 major publishing houses and university presses, this annotated bibliography presents a representative collection of books and journal articles related to the knowledge and practice of public relations published in 1996. The annotated bibliography is…

Monolithic exploding foil initiator

DOEpatents

Welle, Eric J; Vianco, Paul T; Headley, Paul S; Jarrell, Jason A; Garrity, J. Emmett; Shelton, Keegan P; Marley, Stephen K

2012-10-23

A monolithic exploding foil initiator (EFI) or slapper detonator and the method for making the monolithic EFI wherein the exploding bridge and the dielectric from which the flyer will be generated are integrated directly onto the header. In some embodiments, the barrel is directly integrated directly onto the header.

Theoretical Investigation of Calculating Temperatures in the Combining Zone of Cu/Fe Composite Plate Jointed by Explosive Welding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qu, Y. D.; Zhang, W. J.; Kong, X. Q.; Zhao, X.

2016-03-01

The heat-transfer behavior of the interface of Flyer plate (or Base Plate) has great influence on the microcosmic structures, stress distributions, and interface distortion of the welded interface of composite plates by explosive welding. In this paper, the temperature distributions in the combing zone are studied for the case of Cu/Fe composite plate jointed by explosive welding near the lower limit of explosive welding. The results show that Flyer plate (Cu plate) and Base Plate (Fe plate) firstly almost have the same melting rate in the explosive welding process. Then, the melting rate of Cu plate becomes higher than that of Fe plate. Finally, the melt thicknesses of Cu plate and Fe plate trend to be different constants, respectively. Meanwhile, the melting layer of Cu plate is thicker than that of Fe plate. The research could supply some theoretical foundations for calculating the temperature distribution and optimizing the explosive welding parameters of Cu/Fe composite plate to some extent.

Mechanochemistry for shock wave energy dissipation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaw, William L.; Ren, Yi; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Dlott, Dana D.

2017-01-01

Using a laser-driven flyer-plate apparatus to launch 75 μm thick Al flyers up to 2.8 km/s, we developed a technique for detecting the attenuation of shock waves by mechanically-driven chemical reactions. The attenuating sample was spread on an ultrathin Au mirror deposited onto a glass window having a known Hugoniot. As shock energy exited the sample and passed through the mirror, into the glass, photonic Doppler velocimetry monitored the velocity profile of the ultrathin mirror. Knowing the window Hugoniot, the velocity profile could be quantitatively converted into a shock energy flux or fluence. The flux gave the temporal profile of the shock front, and showed how the shock front was reshaped by passing through the dissipative medium. The fluence, the time-integrated flux, showed how much shock energy was transmitted through the sample. Samples consisted of microgram quantities of carefully engineered organic compounds selected for their potential to undergo negative-volume chemistry. Post mortem analytical methods were used to confirm that shock dissipation was associated with shock-induced chemical reactions.

Ignition-and-Growth Modeling of NASA Standard Detonator and a Linear Shaped Charge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oguz, Sirri

2010-01-01

The main objective of this study is to quantitatively investigate the ignition and shock sensitivity of NASA Standard Detonator (NSD) and the shock wave propagation of a linear shaped charge (LSC) after being shocked by NSD flyer plate. This combined explosive train was modeled as a coupled Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) model with LS-DYNA hydro code. An ignition-and-growth (I&G) reactive model based on unreacted and reacted Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equations of state was used to simulate the shock initiation. Various NSD-to-LSC stand-off distances were analyzed to calculate the shock initiation (or failure to initiate) and detonation wave propagation along the shaped charge. Simulation results were verified by experimental data which included VISAR tests for NSD flyer plate velocity measurement and an aluminum target severance test for LSC performance verification. Parameters used for the analysis were obtained from various published data or by using CHEETAH thermo-chemical code.

High fidelity studies of exploding foil initiator bridges, Part 1: Experimental method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bowden, Mike; Neal, William

2017-01-01

Simulations of high voltage detonators, such as Exploding Bridgewire (EBW) and Exploding Foil Initiators (EFI), have historically been simple, often empirical, one-dimensional models capable of predicting parameters such as current, voltage and in the case of EFIs, flyer velocity. Correspondingly, experimental methods have in general been limited to the same parameters. With the advent of complex, first principles magnetohydrodynamic codes such as ALEGRA and ALE-MHD, it is now possible to simulate these components in three dimensions, predicting a much greater range of parameters than before. A significant improvement in experimental capability was therefore required to ensure these simulations could be adequately validated. In this first paper of a three part study, the experimental method for determining the current, voltage, flyer velocity and multi-dimensional profile of detonator components is presented. This improved capability, along with high fidelity simulations, offer an opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the processes behind the functioning of EBW and EFI detonators.

Copper Hugoniot measurements to 2.8 TPa on Z.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Furnish, Michael D.; Haill, Thomas A

We conducted three Hugoniot and release experiments on copper on the Z machine at Hugoniot stress levels of 0.34 and 2.6 TPa, using two-layer copper/aluminum impactors travelling at 8 and 27 km/s and Z-quartz windows. Velocity histories were recorded for 4 samples of different thicknesses and 5 locations on the flyer plate (3 and 4 for the first two experiments). On-sample measurements provided Hugoniot points (via transit time) and partial release states (via Z-quartz wavespeed). Fabrication of the impactor required thick plating and several diamond-machining steps. The lower-pressure test was planned as a 2.5 TPa test, but a failure onmore » the Z machine degraded its performance; however, these results corroborated earlier Cu data in the same stress region. The second test suffered from significant flyer plate bowing, but the third did not. The Hugoniot data are compared with the APtshuler/Nellis nuclear-driven data, other data from Z and elsewhere, and representative Sesame models.« less

An efficient method for unfolding kinetic pressure driven VISAR data

DOE PAGES

Mark Harry Hess; Peterson, Kyle; Harvey-Thompson, Adam James

2015-08-18

Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) [Barker and Hollenbach, J. Appl. Phys.43, 4669 (1972)] is a well-known diagnostic that is employed on many shock physics and pulsed-power experiments. With the VISAR diagnostic, the velocity on the surface of any metal flyer can be found. For most experiments employing VISAR, either a kinetic pressure [Grady, Mech. Mater.29, 181 (1998)] or a magnetic pressure [Lemkeet al., Intl J. Impact Eng.38, 480 (2011)] drives the motion of the flyer. Moreover, reliable prediction of the time-dependent pressure is often a critical component to understanding the physics of these experiments. Although VISAR can provide amore » precise measurement of a flyer’s surface velocity, the real challenge of this diagnostic implementation is using this velocity to unfold the time-dependent pressure. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to elucidate a new method for quickly and reliably unfolding VISAR data.« less

The spikes from Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities in pused power cylindrical experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rousculp, Chris; Cheng, Baolian; Oro, David; Griego, Jeffrey; Patten, Austin; Neukirch, Levi; Reinovsky, Robert; Turchi, Peter; Bradley, Joeph; Reass, Wlliam; Fierro, Franklin; Saunders, Alexsander; Mariam, Fesseha; Freeman, Matthew; Tang, Zhaowen

2017-06-01

The time evolution of the metal spikes resulting from the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) of single-mode perturbations on the inside surface of a tin sample in cylindrical geometry has been measured for the first time. The shock condition was produced by a magnetically driven aluminum flyer utilizing the PHELIX capacitor bank. By varying the flyer velocity, a set of experiments conducted at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has explored the RMI evolution in the different release states (fluid, mixed, solid) of tin. The perturbation inversion and growth rate of the spikes were diagnosed in each experiment with a 21-image proton radiography (pRad) movie. Both theoretical model and numerical simulations are performed. Numerical simulations, theory and experimental data are in good agreement. Detailed analysis of the spike growth rates, comparison to planer geometry, as well as theory and computations will be presented. This work was conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36.

The Nervous Flyer: Nerves, Flying and the First World War.

PubMed

Shaw Cobden, Lynsey

2018-02-02

This is not an article about 'shell-shock'. It explores the military medical response to nervous disorders in the Royal Flying Corps. The First World War exposed the propensity of pilots to the nervous and psychological rigours of aerial warfare, but their unique experiences have been overlooked in favour of 'trauma' in infantrymen. This represents a critical lacuna in the historiography of military medicine, for flying personnel were studied apart from 'shell-shocked' soldiers. This article will show that flyers were believed to be medically different, and what set them apart from men in the trenches was their unique employment. The war necessitated, and provided the conditions for, the study of the medical problems of flying, including the significant nervous strains. Medical officers quickly established that flying not only affected bodily functions, but also 'wore down' the nerves that regulated psychological responses. This article will therefore present the medical view. It will study the research of air-minded medical officers and the conclusions reached on the nervous disorders of flying personnel.

Intriguing radiation signatures at aviation altitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tobiska, W. K.

2017-12-01

The Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS) project captures absorbed dose in Si with a fleet of 6 instruments on research aircraft. These dose rates are then converted to an effective dose rate. Over 325 flights since 2013 have captured global radiation at nearly all altitudes and latitudes. The radiation is predominantly caused by atmospheric neutrons and protons from galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). We have not yet obtained dose from solar energetic particle (SEP) events, which are rather rare. On 13 flights we have also measured dose rates that are up to twice the GCR background for approximately a half an hour per event while flying at higher magnetic latitudes near 60 degrees. The timing of the radiation appears to be coincident with periods of mild geomagnetic disturbances while flying above 10 km at L-shells of 3 to 6. The radiation source is best modeled as secondary gamma-ray photons caused by precipitating ultra-relativistic electrons from the outer Van Allen radiation belt originating as loss cone electrons scattered by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. We describe the observations and the lines of evidence for this intriguing new radiation source relevant to aviation crew and frequent flyers.

HIV disclosure in the workplace.

PubMed

Degroote, S; Vogelaers, D; Koeck, R; Borms, R; De Meulemeester, L; Vandijck, D

2014-06-01

As HIV is currently a chronic and manageable disease, an increasing amount of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are (again) active on the labour market. Since research on this topic is scarce, this study aimed to explore experiences of PLHIV in the workplace, especially concerning disclosure and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. A questionnaire was developed and validated in collaboration with Sensoa (Flemish expertise centre for sexual health) and participants were recruited using flyers and announcements on websites. A total of 54 PLHIV completed the questionnaire, among whom 50 (92·6%) males. Half of the participants did not disclose their HIV status in the workplace, mostly due to being afraid of social or professional consequences. Those who disclosed, reported no changes in the workplace or even reported receiving more empathy. A minority of participants have to take antiretroviral medication at work and they reported no particular problems related to medication intake. Despite improved solidarity and information campaigns, many PLHIV still do not disclose their HIV status in the workplace, most frequently due to fear for discrimination. More actions are warranted, as well as addressing possible self-stigma. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the workplace posed little or no problems.

Astronomy Camp - Celebrating 31 Years of Summer Science Camps

Science.gov Websites

Astronomy Camp Banner - Logo with a background of NGC 3718 taken by previous campers. Home Information Flyer Facilities Registration Publications Alumni Awards Links Shirts Need Information? Astronomy . Bigelow. Astronomy Camp 2018: Astrophotography through the 61-inch Kuiper telescope. Inspiring youth

Optimal timing of wildfire prevention education

Treesearch

D. T. Butry; J. P. Prestemon; K. L. Abt

2010-01-01

Public outreach and wildfire education activities have been shown to limit the number of unintentional human-caused ignitions (i.e., 'accidental' wildfires). Such activities include the airing of public service announcements, visiting with homeowners in at-risk areas, distributing informative brochures and flyers, hosting of public forums (with presentations...

Analysis of Supermarket Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keil, Beverly J.; Ferris, E. Linda

1996-01-01

Volunteers priced grocery items twice per month for three months in eight rural Ohio stores, examined advertising flyers, and surveyed stores weekly for a month to track pricing trends. Advice for consumers on choice of stores and items as well as food budgeting was developed based on the results. (SK)

PR Bibliography, 1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Albert, Ed.

1995-01-01

Based on searches of more than 100 periodicals as well as flyers and brochures from 24 major publishing houses and university presses, this annotated bibliography presents a representative collection of books and journal articles related to the knowledge and practice of public relations published in 1994. The annotated bibliography is subdivided…

Library Photocopy Operations. SPEC Kit 209.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Almony, Robert A., Jr., Comp.; O'Brien, Francis, Comp.

The kit and flyer examine library photocopy operations, including services, personnel, equipment, and financial management practices by member institutions of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). To find out about these operations, ARL surveyed its 112 members, and received 93 replies. Forty-nine academic libraries (58%) described their…

Discovery Handbook for Grades K-5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Terry

This resource packet addresses the need for interpretive materials of the prehistory and early history of the state of Arkansas. These curriculum-focused activities, based on flyers and books created by the Arkansas Archaeology Survey, encourage integration of archaeological and historical study into classroom instruction. The teacher's guide is…

Medical Handbook for Pilots.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federal Aviation Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

This handbook provides information on an airline pilot's physical and mental status and related medical factors which may affect his/her performance. Contents include information on the physical examination for pilots, the flyer's environment, hypoxia, hyperventilation, gas in the body, the ears, alcohol, drugs and flying, carbon monoxide, vision,…

PR Bibliography, 1996.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Albert, Ed.

1996-01-01

Based on searches of more than 100 periodicals as well as flyers and brochures from 24 major publishing houses and university presses, this annotated bibliography presents a representative collection of books and journal articles (published in 1995) related to the knowledge and practice of public relations. The annotated bibliography is divided…

Visual Communication: Integrating Visual Instruction into Business Communication Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, William H.

2006-01-01

Business communication courses are ideal for teaching visual communication principles and techniques. Many assignments lend themselves to graphic enrichment, such as flyers, handouts, slide shows, Web sites, and newsletters. Microsoft Publisher and Microsoft PowerPoint are excellent tools for these assignments, with Publisher being best for…

STS-107 Microgravity Environment Summary Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jules, Kenol; Hrovat, Kenneth; Kelly, Eric; Reckhart, Timothy

2005-01-01

This summary report presents the results of the processed acceleration data measured aboard the Columbia orbiter during the STS-107 microgravity mission from January 16 to February 1, 2003. Two accelerometer systems were used to measure the acceleration levels due to vehicle and science operations activities that took place during the 16-day mission. Due to lack of precise timeline information regarding some payload's operations, not all of the activities were analyzed for this report. However, a general characterization of the microgravity environment of the Columbia Space Shuttle during the 16-day mission is presented followed by a more specific characterization of the environment for some designated payloads during their operations. Some specific quasi-steady and vibratory microgravity environment characterization analyses were performed for the following payloads: Structure of Flame Balls at Low Lewis-number-2, Laminar Soot Processes-2, Mechanics of Granular Materials-3 and Water Mist Fire-Suppression Experiment. The Physical Science Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration sponsors the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment and the Space Acceleration Measurement System for Free Flyer to support microgravity science experiments, which require microgravity acceleration measurements. On January 16, 2003, both the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment and the Space Acceleration Measurement System for Free Flyer accelerometer systems were launched on the Columbia Space Transportation System-107 from the Kennedy Space Center. The Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment supported science experiments requiring quasi-steady acceleration measurements, while the Space Acceleration Measurement System for Free Flyer unit supported experiments requiring vibratory acceleration measurement. The Columbia reduced gravity environment analysis presented in this report uses acceleration data collected by these two sets of accelerometer systems: The Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment is a low frequency sensor, which measures acceleration up to 1 Hz, but the 1 Hz acceleration data is trimmean filtered to yield much lower frequency acceleration data up to 0.01 Hz. This filtered data can be mapped to other locations for characterizing the quasi-steady environment for payloads and the vehicle. The Space Acceleration Measurement System for Free Flyer measures vibratory acceleration in the range of 0.01 to 200 Hz at multiple measurement locations. The vibratory acceleration data measured by this system is used to assess the local vibratory environment for payloads as well as to measure the disturbance causes by the vehicle systems, crew exercise devices and payloads operation disturbances. This summary report presents analysis of selected quasi-steady and vibratory activities measured by these two accelerometers during the Columbia 16-day microgravity mission from January 16 to February 1, 2003.

A Guide to Drug Abuse Education and Information Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Inst. on Drug Abuse (DHEW/PHS), Rockville, MD. National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information.

Drug-abuse-prevention materials developed by and available from the National Institute of Mental Health, National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information are described in this guide. The materials are television and radio spots, print ads, posters, a federal source book, flyers, special audience publications, information for the professional,…

Aerostat-lofted instrument and sampling method for determination of emissions from open area sources

EPA Science Inventory

An aerostat-borne instrument and sampling method was developed to characterize air samples from area sources, such as emissions from open burning. The 10 kg battery-powered instrument system, termed "the Flyer," is lofted with a helium-filled aerostat of 4 m nominal diameter and ...

Baloon-lofted pollutant sampling of open burning and open detonation: abstract

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. EPA has developed a balloon-lofted, ~10 kg instrument pack for sampling open burning (OB) and open detonation (OD) events for pollutants. The instrument pack, termed the “Flyer,” and its accompanying maneuverable balloon system, are intended to sample OB/OD plumes to de...

Rural Women Proprietorship Project. Research and Development Annual Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazard Community Coll., KY.

A project was created to provide individualized and technical training specially designed for women who desired to become small business owners. Recruitment of eastern Kentucky women in the Hazard Community College five-county service area was done through direct mailing; posting of flyers; and newspaper, radio, and television publicity. In…

The "Dark Traits" of Sociopathic Leaders: Could They Be a Threat to Universities?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perry, Chad

2015-01-01

Some sociopathic personality traits in managers can derail business organisations even though the leaders have been carefully selected and considered "high flyers". Three of those traits are narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism. These traits are "socially-aversive" because the sociopaths have an ingrained disregard for…

50 CFR 229.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... highest tensile force which an object can withstand before breaking. Bridle means the lines connecting a... individual authorized by NMFS, or a designated contractor, to record information on marine mammal... fastened to the deck, rail, or drum, and all buoys larger than 6 inches (15.24 cm) in diameter, high flyers...

EPA STANDARDS NETWORK FACT SHEET: ISO 14000: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STANDARDS

EPA Science Inventory

This flyer provides an overview of the ISO 14000 series of International standards, supplying a brief history, structure of the Technical Committee (TC) 207, structure of the U.S. Technical Advisory Group (TAG) to ISO TC-207, status of the Standards development as of June 1997, w...

SFU rendezvous and SAP jettison

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-01-13

STS072-720-076 (13 Jan. 1996) --- The crewmembers captured this 35mm view of the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU) following the jettisoning of the solar panels. Later they used the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to latch onto the satellite and berth it in the Space Shuttle Endeavour's aft cargo bay.

Enhancing Industry-based Dissemination of an Occupational Sun Protection Program with Theory-based Strategies Employing Personal Contact

PubMed Central

Buller, David B.; Andersen, Peter A.; Walkosz, Barbara J.; Scott, Michael D.; Cutter, Gary R.; Dignan, Mark B.; Kane, Ilima L.; Zhang, Xiao

2012-01-01

Purpose Industry-based strategies for dissemination of an evidence-based occupational sun protection program, Go Sun Smart (GSS), were tested. Design Two dissemination strategies were compared in a randomized trial in 2004 – 2007. Setting The North American ski industry. Subjects Ski areas in the United States and Canada (n=69) and their senior managers (n=469). Intervention Employers received GSS through a Basic Dissemination Strategy (BDS) from the industry’s professional association which included conference presentations and free starter kits. Half of the areas also received the Enhanced Dissemination Strategy (EDS), in which project staff met face-to-face with managers and made ongoing contacts to support program use. Measures Observation of program materials in use and managers’ reports on communication about sun protection. Analysis The effects of two alternative dissemination strategies were compared on program use using PROC MIXED in SAS, adjusted for covariates using 1-tailed p-values. Results Ski areas receiving the EDS used more GSS materials (M=7.36) than those receiving the BDS (M=5.17; F=7.82, p<.01). Managers from more areas receiving the EDS reported communicating about sun protection in employee newsletters/flyers (M=0.97, p=.04), in guest email messages (M=0.75, p=.02), and on ski area websites (M=0.38, p=.02) than those receiving the BDS (M=0.84, 0.50, 0.15, respectively). Conclusion Industry professional associations play an important role in disseminating prevention programs; however, active personal communication may be essential to ensure increased implementation fidelity. PMID:22747318

The Great Depression and the "On-to-Ottawa-Trek." Documents in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orr, Jeff

1996-01-01

Summarizes the events surrounding the "on-to-Ottawa trek," a Depression-era labor protest that culminated in the Regina Riot. Presents a series of instructional activities built around analyzing primary source documents. Documents include an official notice from the Canadian National Railways and a flyer advertising a union meeting. (MJP)

Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Dynamic Deformation and Failure in Marine Structures Subjected to Underwater Impulsive Loads

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

based impulsive loading ......................................... 48 4.4 Computational modeling of USLS ...56 4.5 Underwater Shock Loading Simulator ( USLS ) ...................................................... 59 4.6 Concluding...42 Figure 4.1 Schematic of Underwater Shock Loading Simulator ( USLS ). A high-velocity projectile hits the flyer-plate and creates a stress

Performance Appraisal in Research Libraries. SPEC Kit 140.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Research Libraries, Washington, DC. Office of Management Studies.

This kit and flyer produced by the Systems and Procedures Exchange Center of the Association of Research Libraries provides documents submitted by 14 universities that are used in the performance evaluation of professional library staff. Commentary based on a thorough review of documents submitted by 60 libraries includes an overview of the…

More than Just Four Letters: NBCT

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crowley, Ali

2012-01-01

When the author had been teaching middle school and high school math for six years, she had just completed her master's degree and was itching to find other opportunities for professional growth. That's when she came across a flyer about certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (www.nbpts.org). National Board…

Once-Quiet University of Dayton Pushes a Bold Brand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashburn, Elyse

2008-01-01

When the playful, 84-page viewbook showed up in the University of Dayton last fall, not everybody was impressed. Some faculty members were taken aback. The student newspaper, the "Flyer News," pronounced it a "fully color, glossy orgy," unbefitting a Roman Catholic college. The admissions office, it said, had hit an…

Learning To Fly: The Wright Brothers' Adventure.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.

This educator guide provides background information on Wilbur and Orville Wright and activities on aeronautics that provide templates for building the 1900, 1901, and 1902 Gliders and the 1903 Flyer. Activities include: (1) Early Aviation; (2) Your First Interview; (3) Your First Report; (4) Build a Model of the 1900 Glider; (5) Questions on the…

Concept synthesis of an equipment manipulation and transportation system EMATS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Depeuter, W.; Waffenschmidt, E.

1989-01-01

The European Columbus Scenario is established. One of the Columbus Elements, the Man Tended Free Flyer will be designed for fully autonomous operation in order to provide the environment for micro gravity facilities. The Concept of an autonomous automation system which perform servicing of facilities and deals with related logistic tasks is discussed.

76 FR 54738 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Vessel and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-02

... Collection; Comment Request; Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Vessel and Gear Marking AGENCY: National... vessel numbers on their vessels. Flotation devices and high- flyers attached to certain fishing gears must also be marked with the vessel's number to identify the vessel to which the gear belongs. These...

59th Medical Wing Office of the Chief Scientists Research Highlights Flyer-April 2016

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-09

Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA Inventors: Col Todd Rasmussen, MC, USAF MEDCOM USAMRMC and Jonathan Eliason, MD, University of Michigan) Is a fluoroscopy-free...thoracic aortic balloon occlusion system to control non-compressible hemorrh and assess the effect of an occluding aorta . Research to develop the

Gender Panics about Transgender Children in Religious Right Discourse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stone, Amy L.

2018-01-01

This paper is a content analysis of political flyers and messages developed by Religious Right campaigns between 1974 and 2013 to fight legislation supportive of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. The analysis focuses on 16 campaigns in which Religious Right groups made claims about transgender adults and children. In…

The Media Is the Message: Using the Media to Improve School Attendance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nyangoni, Betty

The problem of truancy and irregular school attendance is widespread in urban, suburban, and rural school districts. The media have interesting and far-reaching capabilities for combating this problem. Possible uses of the print media in this area include posters, bumper stickers, billboards, leaflets and flyers, handouts, buttons, T-shirts,…

Library Systems Office Organization. SPEC Kit and SPEC Flyer 211.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muir, Scott P., Comp.

The roles and responsibilities of the library systems officer continues to change as libraries move beyond the automation of library functions to offering resources in electronic formats and electronic access to information about collections beyond the walls of the home institution. This survey was designed to collect data and document some of the…

78 FR 54653 - Proposed Data Collections Submitted for Public Comment and Recommendations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-05

... materials on opinions about CRC screening tests. Each respondent will be randomly assigned to one of three... treatment group that receives a ``No Excuses'' educational flyer designed to dispel many common reasons for... randomly selected from the KN KnowledgePanel[supreg]. A pre-test of study procedures will be conducted...

STS-69 Liftoff across the water (landscape)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

The fifth Space Shuttle flight of 1995 thunders aloft from Launch Pad 39A at 11:09:00.052 a.m. EDT, Sept. 7, 1995. On board the Space Shuttle Endeavour, making its ninth trip into space, are a crew of five, an assortment of experiments and two deployable scientific spacecraft: the Wake Shield Facility-2 (WSF-2) and the Spartan-201 free-flyer. The Wake Shield Facility-2 will fly free of the Shuttle for a period of time during the 11-day mission, during which it will generate an ultra-vacuum environment in space in which to grow thin semiconductor films for next- generation advanced electronics. The Spartan-201 free-flyer is a scientific research effort aimed at the investigation of the interaction between the sun and its outflowing wind of charged particles. Commanding the mission is David M. Walker; Kenneth D. Cockrell is the pilot; Michael L. Gernhardt and James H. Newman are mission specialists and James S. Voss is the payload commander. Also scheduled is an extravehicular activity, or spacewalk, by Voss and Gernhardt to rehearse space station activities as well as to evaluate space suit design modifications.

Magnetically launched flyer plate technique for probing electrical conductivity of compressed copper

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cochrane, K. R.; Lemke, R. W.; Riford, Z.; Carpenter, J. H.

2016-03-01

The electrical conductivity of materials under extremes of temperature and pressure is of crucial importance for a wide variety of phenomena, including planetary modeling, inertial confinement fusion, and pulsed power based dynamic materials experiments. There is a dearth of experimental techniques and data for highly compressed materials, even at known states such as along the principal isentrope and Hugoniot, where many pulsed power experiments occur. We present a method for developing, calibrating, and validating material conductivity models as used in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The difficulty in calibrating a conductivity model is in knowing where the model should be modified. Our method isolates those regions that will have an impact. It also quantitatively prioritizes which regions will have the most beneficial impact. Finally, it tracks the quantitative improvements to the conductivity model during each incremental adjustment. In this paper, we use an experiment on Sandia National Laboratories Z-machine to isentropically launch multiple flyer plates and, with the MHD code ALEGRA and the optimization code DAKOTA, calibrated the conductivity such that we matched an experimental figure of merit to +/-1%.

The Nervous Flyer: Nerves, Flying and the First World War1

PubMed Central

Shaw Cobden, Lynsey

2018-01-01

This is not an article about ‘shell-shock’. It explores the military medical response to nervous disorders in the Royal Flying Corps. The First World War exposed the propensity of pilots to the nervous and psychological rigours of aerial warfare, but their unique experiences have been overlooked in favour of ‘trauma’ in infantrymen. This represents a critical lacuna in the historiography of military medicine, for flying personnel were studied apart from ‘shell-shocked’ soldiers. This article will show that flyers were believed to be medically different, and what set them apart from men in the trenches was their unique employment. The war necessitated, and provided the conditions for, the study of the medical problems of flying, including the significant nervous strains. Medical officers quickly established that flying not only affected bodily functions, but also ‘wore down’ the nerves that regulated psychological responses. This article will therefore present the medical view. It will study the research of air-minded medical officers and the conclusions reached on the nervous disorders of flying personnel. PMID:29528049

Magnetically launched flyer plate technique for probing electrical conductivity of compressed copper

DOE PAGES

Cochrane, Kyle R.; Lemke, Raymond W.; Riford, Z.; ...

2016-03-11

The electrical conductivity of materials under extremes of temperature and pressure is of crucial importance for a wide variety of phenomena, including planetary modeling, inertial confinement fusion, and pulsed power based dynamic materialsexperiments. There is a dearth of experimental techniques and data for highly compressed materials, even at known states such as along the principal isentrope and Hugoniot, where many pulsed power experiments occur. We present a method for developing, calibrating, and validating material conductivity models as used in magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) simulations. The difficulty in calibrating a conductivity model is in knowing where the model should be modified. Our method isolatesmore » those regions that will have an impact. It also quantitatively prioritizes which regions will have the most beneficial impact. Finally, it tracks the quantitative improvements to the conductivity model during each incremental adjustment. In this study, we use an experiment on Sandia National Laboratories Z-machine to isentropically launch multiple flyer plates and, with the MHD code ALEGRA and the optimization code DAKOTA, calibrated the conductivity such that we matched an experimental figure of merit to +/–1%.« less

Control of the induced microgravity environment of the Man Tended Free Flyer (MTFF)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlund, Juergen

1988-01-01

Induced disturbance sources have been identified on board the Man Tended Free Flyer (MTFF). Vibration responses at sensitive payload/spacecraft interfaces have been predicted by the application of an empirically found spacecraft dynamic transfer function. Vibrations from fluid loops (Freon, water) and of reaction wheels are assessed to be the main contributors to the induced microgravity environment. The expected payload acceleration response amplitudes presented here are more than one hundred times higher than the admissible values given by the MTFF system requirement, not considering the structural striction-friction effects which could be avoided by appropriate design. Real responses will be significantly lower because the derivation of excitation and transmission functions are based on worst case assumptions. The results indicate that future activities must be concentrated on equipment design improvement and the implementation of vibration reduction along the disturbance transmission path. The activities must be accompanied by early equipment and assembly development tests and transmissibility measurements with the integrated spacecraft engineering and structural models in order to improve the accuracy of payload response predictions.

Asteroid and Lava Tube In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Prospecting Free Flyer Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Falker, John; Zeitlin, Nancy; Mueller, Robert; Dupuis, Michael

2015-01-01

This project seeks to develop a small free flyer that can be used to safely and effectively prospect on an Asteroid while being controlled by the crew. This will enable the characterization of the Asteroid for the In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). Lava tubes can be explored remotely from the outside Asteroids can contain vast amounts of resources such as water for propellants and metals for feed stocks. Lava Tubes on Mars and the Moon may contain frozen volatile resources. Before the resources can be used, they must be found with a prospecting method. The NASA Agency Asteroid Grand Challenge seeks new ideas for Asteroid retrieval mission technologies for exploration and utilization of asteroids in a Distant Retrograde Orbit (DRO). This project will develop a small free flying platform that can be used to safely and effectively prospect on an Asteroid with limited autonomy while being controlled by the crew. This will enable the characterization of the Asteroid for ISRU. Lava tubes can be explored remotely from the outside as well using this same technology.

Experiments on 1,000 km/s flyer acceleration and collisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karasik, Max; Weaver, J. L.; Aglitskiy, Y.; Kehne, D. M.; Zalesak, S. T.; Velikovich, A. L.; Oh, J.; Serlin, V.; Obenschain, S. P.

2012-10-01

We will present results from follow-on experiments to the record-high velocities achieved using the ultra-uniform deep-uv drive of the Nike KrF laser [Karasik et al, Phys. Plasmas 17, 056317 (2010)], in which highly accelerated planar foils of deuterated polystyrene were made to collide with a witness foil to produce ˜1 Gbar shock pressures and result in heating of matter to thermonuclear temperatures. Such velocities may indicate a path to lower minimum energy required for central ignition. Still higher velocities and higher target densities are required for impact fast ignition. New results give velocity of >1,100 km/s achieved through improvements in pulseshaping. Variation of second foil parameters results in significant change in fusion neutron production on impact. In-flight target density is inferred from target heating upon collision via DD neutron time-of-flight ion temperature measurement. Availability of pressures generated by collisions of such highly accelerated flyers may provide an experimental platform for study of matter at extreme conditions. Work is supported by US DOE (NNSA).

DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SHOCK LOADED THIN URANIUM FOILS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robbins, D. L.; Kelly, A. M.; Alexander, D. J.

A series of spall experiments has been completed with thin depleted uranium targets, nominally 0.1 mm thick. The first set of uranium spall targets was cut and ground to final thickness from electro-refined, high-purity, cast uranium. The second set was rolled to final thickness from low purity uranium. The impactors for these experiments were laser-launched 0.05-mm thick copper flyers, 3 mm in diameter. Laser energies were varied to yield a range of flyer impact velocities. This resulted in varying degrees of damage to the uranium spall targets, from deformation to complete spall or separation at the higher velocities. Dynamic measurementsmore » of the uranium target free surface velocities were obtained with dual velocity interferometers. Uranium targets were recovered and sectioned after testing. Free surface velocity profiles were similar for the two types of uranium, but spall strengths (estimated from the magnitude of the pull-back signal) are higher for the high-purity cast uranium. Velocity profiles and microstructural evidence of spall from the sectioned uranium targets are presented.« less

Studying multiply shocked states in HMX and TATB based explosives with a gas gun ring up geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferguson, James; Finnegan, Simon; Millett, Jeremy; Goff, Michael

2017-06-01

A series of ring up shots investigating partially reacted and multiply shocked states in both HMX and TATB based explosives are reported on. Results of experiments using PCTFE and LiF in place of the explosives are also described. The experiments were performed using 50 mm diameter bore and 70 mm diameter bore single stage gas guns. By locating the target between a high impedance copper flyer and sapphire window, shocks of increasing magnitude are reflected into the target at each interface. The particle velocity at the target-window interface was measured using multiple points of HetV reflected from an 800 nm layer of gold sputtered onto the sapphire. The stress state at the target-flyer interface were observed using manganin gauges. A range of different input pressures were investigated, these were picked to either allow a comparison to double shock and particle velocity work, or to provide the maximum number of rings within the one dimensional time. For the inert shots input pressures matched the explosive shots.

The Wire Flyer Towed Profiling System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roman, C.; Ullman, D. S.; Hebert, D.

2016-02-01

The Wire Flyer is an autonomous profiling vehicle that slides up and down a standard towed cable in a controlled manner using the lift created by wing foils. The vehicle is able to create high resolution water-column sections within a specified depth band in an automated manner. The Wire Flyer is different than standard undulating tow bodies in that it decouples the vehicle's motion from the tow cable dynamics. Due to this separation the vehicle is able to profile with nearly 1:1 horizontal to vertical motion. A heavy depressor weight is fixed to the end of the cable and the cable shape remains relatively static during operation. The vehicle uses a closed loop wing angle controller to achieve desired vertical velocities between 0 and 2.5 m/s for ship speeds between 1.5 and 2.5 m/s. During typical operations, updated commands and condensed data samples can be sent to and from the vehicle via an acoustic modem to adjust the profiling pattern to ensure the desired coverage. The current 1000 meter rated vehicle is equipped with a SBE 49 FastCAT CTD, and can carry additional sensors for oxygen, Chlorophyll fluorescence and acoustic echosounding. Results showing the vehicle performance as well as the quality of the processed CTD data will be presented from three test cruises to the New England Shelf Break Front. Many shallow and deep sections were obtained with horizontal resolution that is not otherwise achievable with undulating tow bodies, underway CTDs, standard CTD tow-yos, gliders or free swimming AUVs. A typical survey at ship speeds of 3-4 knots can profile over a depth band between 200 and 600 meters depth with a repeat cycle length of less than 1 km. The vehicle concept is depth independent and could work with a full ocean depth design. Application areas for the system include sub-meso scale observations of fronts, vent and seep plumes, oxygen minimum layers, mixing and mid-water bioacoustics.

The SARA REU Site Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wood, M. A.; Oswalt, T. D.; SARA Collaboration

2000-12-01

We present an overview of the Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Site Program hosted by the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy (SARA) for the past 6 years. SARA is a consortium of the six universities: Florida Institute of Technology, East Tennessee State University, Florida International University, The University of Georgia, Valdosta State University, and Clemson University. We host 10-11 student interns per year out of an application pool of ~150-200. Recruiting flyers are sent to the ~3400 undergraduate institutions in the United States, and we use a web-based application form and review process. We are a distributed REU Site, but come together for group meetings at the beginning and end of the summer program and stay in contact in between using email list manager software. Interns complete a research project working one-on-one with a faculty mentor, and each intern travels to observe at the SARA Observatory at Kitt Peak National Observatory. Interns give both oral and display presentations of their results at the final group meeting. In addition, all interns write a paper for publication in the IAPPP Communications, an international amateur-professional journal, and several present at professional meetings and in refereed publications. We include in the group meetings a ``how-to'' session on giving talks and posters, an Ethics Session, and a session on Women in Astronomy. This work was supported by the NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Site Program through grant AST 96169939 to The Florida Institute of Technology.

Dynamics Questions Associated with the AERCam Sprint Free-Flyer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Trevor

1997-01-01

The International Space Station will require the development of small robotic vehicles for such tasks as external inspection, monitoring of extravehicular activities (EVA's) and station build-up, and providing additional lighting at EVA worksites. The Autonomous EVA Robotic Camera (AERCam) family of free-flyers is currently being developed at NASA Johnson Space Center to perform these functions; the first member of the family is the AERCam Sprint vehicle. Many interesting dynamical questions are associated with the Sprint free-flyer. For instance, the reaction of a vehicle which is nearly spherically symmetric (such as Sprint) to a stuck-on thruster is significantly more complicated than that obtained for an idealized, perfectly spherical, spacecraft model. In particular, the real spacecraft will experience a form of forced nutation, with convergence towards either its major or minor principal axis, depending on both the applied torque and the mass properties of the vehicle. Furthermore, the body-fixed jet force vector may have a significant component along this principal axis, so giving rise to a considerable net linear acceleration of the spacecraft. The large velocity that can result is very important, as it may lead to collision with the nearby Orbiter, and is completely overlooked in the idealized analysis. This report will firstly briefly describe the stuck-on thruster dynamics of the real vehicle, and outline how the small products of inertia of the spacecraft determine the time constants of the motion. Secondly, the dynamical effects of a failed-off jet on the Sprint free-flyer will be described in more detail, and compared with the stuck-on thruster case. This will help to show whether the two malfunctions should be dealt with differently in flight. Finally, the stuck-on thruster detection software (known as the uncommanded motion algorithm) that is proposed to be flown on the Sprint vehicle will be analyzed, and all possible perturbation sources that may tend to give rise to false stuck-on thruster alarms quantified. It will be shown that false alarms can be triggered by discrete events such as a failed-off thruster, a glancing collision with Orbiter structure, or thruster saturation. They can also be triggered by a combination of errors introduced by constantly present sources such as thrust level errors, thruster misalignment, inertial cross-coupling, angular rate sensor noise, and structural vibrations induced by thruster firings. Based on this fact, the original plan to have the spacecraft enter safe mode whenever the uncommanded motion algorithm is triggered does not appear to be advisable. A better approach seems to be to provide the Sprint pilot with a warning whenever uncommanded motion is detected, and then allow the crew to determine whether safing the vehicle is appropriate.

Improved Clinical Outcomes Using a Culturally Sensitive Diabetes Education Program in a Hispanic Population

PubMed Central

Metghalchi, Shiva; Rivera, Maribet; Beeson, Larry; Firek, Anthony; De Leon, Marino; Cordero-MacIntyre, Zaida R.; Balcazar, Hector

2009-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a culturally sensitive diabetes education program for Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. Methods This study is a prospective cohort study to test the impact of a comprehensive diabetes education program on blood glucose control on Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. The educational program focused on maintaining glycemic control and general aspects of managing diabetes and complications. The study participants were recruited by flyers placed in Hispanic markets and in ambulatory care clinics. A total of 34 Hispanic male and female subjects with type 2 diabetes participated in the study. The concentrations of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were analyzed at baseline and at 3 months. Results A significant mean change was observed for HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol/HDL ratio, and HDL after 3 months of education compared with baseline. There were significant reductions in weight, total fat, percent fat, trunk fat, and waist-to-hip ratio compared with baseline. After 3 months, subjects showed a significant positive correlation between changes in body mass index and insulin and weight, total fat, trunk fat, and fat free mass and insulin. Conclusions A culturally sensitive program conducted in Spanish had a significant impact on important clinical parameters in Hispanic subjects with diabetes in a relatively short time period. The study demonstrates the importance of designing education intervention studies that are sensitive to cultural diversity, particularly in at-risk diabetic subjects. PMID:18669812

A Level Playing Field? How College Readiness Standards Change the Accountability Game

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dahlin, Michael; Tarasawa, Beth

2013-01-01

In this follow-up to "Do High Flyers Maintain Their Altitude? Performance Trends of Top Students," the academic growth of 35,000 elementary and middle school students in 31 states, all of them high achievers within their own schools, were followed over a three-year period. Their achievement scores were matched with their associated…

Do High Flyers Maintain Their Altitude? Performance Trends of Top Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xiang, Yun; Dahlin, Michael; Cronin, John; Theaker, Robert; Durant, Sarah

2011-01-01

This groundbreaking study is the first ever to examine the achievement of high-performing students over time "at the individual level". It poses--and seeks to answer--this straightforward question: Do students who outscore their peers on standardized achievement tests remain at the top of the pack year after year? Put differently, how many "high…

Student Distribution of Religious Fliers in Public Schools: Ten Ways to Invite a Lawsuit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Essex, Nathan L.

2006-01-01

This article address the legal and constitutional issues surrounding how far school leaders can go in restricting distribution of materials that are viewed as religious in nature. Does restricting the student's right to distribute the flyer amount to a suppression of free speech based on content? Does the principal's action constitute unlawful…

An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. Volume 2. First Followup Examination Results.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-01

Ranch Hand Enlisted Flyers ... .......... ... R-14 R-1O Cross Tabulation of Pleurisy - (Abnormal, Total) by- Exposure Index Category-by-Age Category-by...by-Pack-Year Category for Ranch Hand Enlisted Groundcrew ........... .. R-19 R-15 Cross Tabulation of Pleurisy - (Abnormal, Total) by- Exposure Index

Element material experiment by EFFU

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hashimoto, Yoshihiro; Ichikawa, Masaaki; Takei, Mitsuru; Torii, Yoshihiro; Ota, Kazuo

1995-01-01

National Space Development Agency of JAPAN (NASDA) is planning to perform Element Material Exposure Experiment using Exposed Facility Flyer Unit (EFFU). Several materials which will be used on JEM (Japanese Experiment Module for the space station) will be exposed. Space environment monitoring is also planned in this experiment. Several ground based tests are now being performed and getting useful data.

Building Use Policies. SPEC Kit 144.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coyle, Patrick

This Systems and Procedures Exchange Center (SPEC) flyer/kit addresses some of the needs of Association of Research Libraries (ARL) members regarding library building use and the aesthetics and well-being of the materials and people in the building. The kit draws upon documents gathered as part of a 1986 Quick-SPEC survey that dealt with food and…

77 FR 70414 - White River National Forest; Eagle County, CO; Vail Mountain Recreation Enhancements Projects EIS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-26

... engage in dispersed recreational activities (i.e., hiking, biking and camping); and (2) those who seek... Flyer Rappel Activity at Adventure Ridge Expanded Hiking and Mountain Bike Trails Riparian Experience at... harmonize with, and benefit from, the natural setting of the NFS lands within Vail's existing Forest Service...

Thinking Locally: Attending to Social Context in Studies of Marketing and Public Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cucchiara, Maia

2016-01-01

A generation ago, billboards, flyers, or radio spots advertising a public school would have been unusual and surprising. Now they are an increasingly regular feature of the educational landscape. As schools compete for students and resources in the new educational marketplace, they increasingly look to market themselves to prospective parents (and…

Benefits for Professional Staff in ARL Libraries. SPEC Kit 197.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Switzer, Teri R., Comp.

The kit and flyer explore employee benefits offered to professional staff by member institutions of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). To find out about these benefits, ARL surveyed its 119 members in 1993, and received 71 replies. Of responding libraries, 100% provide health care insurance, 69% have a major medical plan, while 86.4%…

A Tale of Two Course Guides: Providing Students with Detailed Course Information

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanson, Karen; Williamson, Kasi

2010-01-01

Where do students find out about courses they might take? Potentially, from just about anywhere: friends, bulletin boards, department Web sites, advisors, e-mails, or flyers posted in the halls. Of course, some of these sources are more trustworthy than others. Where should students go to get reliable information that can help them make wise…

Texas Public School Attrition Study, 2013-14. IDRA Infographic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Intercultural Development Research Association, 2014

2014-01-01

This infographic shows how Texas public schools are losing one out of four students. The statistics show that schools are twice as likely to lose Hispanic students and Black students before they graduate, and universal high school education is at least a quarter of a century away. The flyer also provides information on getting informed, getting…

KSC-06pd0045

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-01-12

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - After the landing of the Virgin Atlantic Airways GlobalFlyer aircraft at NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility, Center Director James Kennedy (center, in front of the plane) addresses the media. At right is the pilot, Steve Fossett. At left are Jim Ball, KSC Spaceport Development manager, and Winston Scott, executive director of Florida Space Authority. The aircraft is being relocated from Salina, Kan., to the Shuttle Landing Facility to begin preparations for an attempt to set a new world record for the longest flight made by any aircraft. An exact takeoff date for the record-setting flight has not been determined and is contingent on weather and jet-stream conditions. The window for the attempt opens in mid-January, making the flight possible anytime between then and the end of February. NASA agreed to let Virgin Atlantic Airways use Kennedy's Shuttle Landing Facility as a takeoff site. The facility use is part of a pilot program to expand runway access for non-NASA activities.

Prediction of material strength and fracture of glass using the SPHINX smooth particle hydrodynamics code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mandell, D.A.; Wingate, C.A.

1994-08-01

The design of many military devices involves numerical predictions of the material strength and fracture of brittle materials. The materials of interest include ceramics, that are used in armor packages; glass that is used in truck and jeep windshields and in helicopters; and rock and concrete that are used in underground bunkers. As part of a program to develop advanced hydrocode design tools, the authors have implemented a brittle fracture model for glass into the SPHINX smooth particle hydrodynamics code. The authors have evaluated this model and the code by predicting data from one-dimensional flyer plate impacts into glass, andmore » data from tungsten rods impacting glass. Since fractured glass properties, which are needed in the model, are not available, the authors did sensitivity studies of these properties, as well as sensitivity studies to determine the number of particles needed in the calculations. The numerical results are in good agreement with the data.« less

SSSFD manipulator engineering using statistical experiment design techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barnes, John

1991-01-01

The Satellite Servicer System Flight Demonstration (SSSFD) program is a series of Shuttle flights designed to verify major on-orbit satellite servicing capabilities, such as rendezvous and docking of free flyers, Orbital Replacement Unit (ORU) exchange, and fluid transfer. A major part of this system is the manipulator system that will perform the ORU exchange. The manipulator must possess adequate toolplate dexterity to maneuver a variety of EVA-type tools into position to interface with ORU fasteners, connectors, latches, and handles on the satellite, and to move workpieces and ORUs through 6 degree of freedom (dof) space from the Target Vehicle (TV) to the Support Module (SM) and back. Two cost efficient tools were combined to perform a study of robot manipulator design parameters. These tools are graphical computer simulations and Taguchi Design of Experiment methods. Using a graphics platform, an off-the-shelf robot simulation software package, and an experiment designed with Taguchi's approach, the sensitivities of various manipulator kinematic design parameters to performance characteristics are determined with minimal cost.

STS investigators' guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

The capability of the Space Transportation System (STS), the Space Shuttle, to support crew tended and free flyer research in low Earth orbit has opened new possibilities for science in space. For the first time, research equipment can be put into orbit routinely, operated in either a shirtsleeve environment or exposed to space, and then returned to the investigator. NASA, operator of the Shuttle, has implemented a variety of programs to ensure that anyone with a worthy research idea can take advantage of this opportunity. Investigators ranging from high school students to renowned space scientists have already used the Shuttle as a platform for making Earth, atmospheric, and astronomical observations; for performing space plasma physics measurements; and for exploring the effects of microgravity on living organisms and physical processes. For investigators considering a flight experiment for the first time, this guide explains what the Shuttle has to offer, how to arrange to fly an experiment, and what to expect once preparations for the flight are under way.

Tryggvason and Robinson examine Discovery after landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

STS-85 Payload Specialist and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Bjarni V. Tryggvason (left) and Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson examine the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery after the space plane landed on Runway 33 at KSCs Shuttle Landing Facility Aug. 19 to complete the 11-day, 20-hour and 27-minute-long STS-85 mission. Also on board were Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis and Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr. During the 86th Space Shuttle mission, the crew deployed the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer to conduct research on the Earths middle atmosphere, retrieving it on flight day 9. The crew also conducted investigations with the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS- 1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments. This was the 39th landing at KSC in the history of the Space Shuttle program and the 11th touchdown for Discovery at the space center.

Enhancing industry-based dissemination of an occupational sun protection program with theory-based strategies employing personal contact.

PubMed

Buller, David B; Andersen, Peter A; Walkosz, Barbara J; Scott, Michael D; Cutter, Gary R; Dignan, Mark B; Kane, Ilima L; Zhang, Xiao

2012-01-01

Industry-based strategies for dissemination of an evidence-based occupational sun protection program, Go Sun Smart (GSS), were tested. Two dissemination strategies were compared in a randomized trial in 2004-2007. The North American ski industry. Ski areas in the United States and Canada (n  =  69) and their senior managers (n  =  469). Employers received GSS through a basic dissemination strategy (BDS) from the industry's professional association that included conference presentations and free starter kits. Half of the areas also received the enhanced dissemination strategy (EDS), in which project staff met face-to-face with managers and made ongoing contacts to support program use. Observation of program materials in use and managers' reports on communication about sun protection. The effects of two alternative dissemination strategies were compared on program use using PROC MIXED in SAS, adjusted for covariates using one-tailed p values. Ski areas receiving the EDS used more GSS materials (x¯  =  7.36) than those receiving the BDS (x¯  =  5.17; F  =  7.82, p < .01). Managers from more areas receiving the EDS reported communicating about sun protection in employee newsletters/flyers (x¯  =  .97, p  =  .04), in guest e-mail messages (x¯  =  .75, p  =  .02), and on ski area Web sites (x¯  =  .38, p  =  .02) than those receiving the BDS (x¯  =  .84, .50, .15, respectively). Industry professional associations play an important role in disseminating prevention programs; however, active personal communication may be essential to ensure increased implementation fidelity.

Transforming Libraries: Issues and Innovations in Preserving Digital Information. SPEC Kit 228 and SPEC Flyer 228. Issue Number 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soete, George J.

The problem of preserving digital information and the strategies that are and might be employed to address it are the focus of this fifth issue of "Transforming Libraries." Twenty-one individuals involved at the technical or policy level in developing strategies for preserving digital information were interviewed. There is consensus on a…

75 FR 37651 - United States et al. v. Ticketmaster Entertainment, Inc. et al.; Public Comments and Response on...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-29

... Flyers, the Philadelphia 76ers, a venue/sports marketing company, and a food services company whose... and/or hockey team will need its ticketer to handle season ticket sales of sports tickets and provide marketing support for sports ticketing sales. Indeed, this is a significant segment of the market, as sixty...

University of Washington Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium Application

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

13-25 Appendix 1: Protocol Evaluation Form Appendix 2: Community Symposia Flyer Appendix 3: Publications...Network Affiliate partners in the community . These and selected local practices receive quarterly correspondence that reviews our open clinical...studies: 09-002 (COU 301), 09-003 (AFFIRM), 09-004 (S0421), 09-005 (COU 302), 09-006 (doc dasatinib). Task 3. Maintain Communications with Consortium

Bionomics of Eucosma monitorana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) attacking red pine cones in Wisconsin

Treesearch

Stanley J. Barras; Dale M. Norris

1969-01-01

A localized infestation of Eucosma monitorama Heinrich was studied in 1963 and 1964 in southern Wisconsin. Adults are secretive, weak flyers but several were collected in May with sticky trap-boards and light traps. Adult emergence and flight occur at time of red pine pollen release. Eggs were not found in macro- and micro-scopic examinations of...

Theoretical Insight into Shocked Gases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leiding, Jeffery Allen

2016-09-29

I present the results of statistical mechanical calculations on shocked molecular gases. This work provides insight into the general behavior of shock Hugoniots of gas phase molecular targets with varying initial pressures. The dissociation behavior of the molecules is emphasized. Impedance matching calculations are performed to determine the maximum degree of dissociation accessible for a given flyer velocity as a function of initial gas pressure.

Modeling, Control, and Estimation of Flexible, Aerodynamic Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ray, Cody W.

Engineers have long been inspired by nature’s flyers. Such animals navigate complex environments gracefully and efficiently by using a variety of evolutionary adaptations for high-performance flight. Biologists have discovered a variety of sensory adaptations that provide flow state feedback and allow flying animals to feel their way through flight. A specialized skeletal wing structure and plethora of robust, adaptable sensory systems together allow nature’s flyers to adapt to myriad flight conditions and regimes. In this work, motivated by biology and the successes of bio-inspired, engineered aerial vehicles, linear quadratic control of a flexible, morphing wing design is investigated, helping to pave the way for truly autonomous, mission-adaptive craft. The proposed control algorithm is demonstrated to morph a wing into desired positions. Furthermore, motivated specifically by the sensory adaptations organisms possess, this work transitions to an investigation of aircraft wing load identification using structural response as measured by distributed sensors. A novel, recursive estimation algorithm is utilized to recursively solve the inverse problem of load identification, providing both wing structural and aerodynamic states for use in a feedback control, mission-adaptive framework. The recursive load identification algorithm is demonstrated to provide accurate load estimate in both simulation and experiment.

Assessment of In Situ Time Resolved Shock Experiments at Synchrotron Light Sources*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belak, J.; Ilavsky, J.; Hessler, J. P.

2005-07-01

Prior to fielding in situ time resolved experiments of shock wave loading at the Advanced Photon Source, we have performed feasibility experiments assessing a single photon bunch. Using single and poly-crystal Al, Ti, V and Cu shock to incipient spallation on the gas gun, samples were prepared from slices normal to the spall plane of thickness 100-500 microns. In addition, single crystal Al of thickness 500 microns was shocked to incipient spallation and soft recovered using the LLNL e-gun mini-flyer system. The e-gun mini-flyer impacts the sample target producing a 10's ns flat-top shock transient. Here, we present results for imaging, small-angle scattering (SAS), and diffraction. In particular, there is little SAS away from the spall plane and significant SAS at the spall plane, demonstrating the presence of sub-micron voids. * Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38 and work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48.

Touchdown to take-off: at the interface of flight and surface locomotion

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Small aerial robots are limited to short mission times because aerodynamic and energy conversion efficiency diminish with scale. One way to extend mission times is to perch, as biological flyers do. Beyond perching, small robot flyers benefit from manoeuvring on surfaces for a diverse set of tasks, including exploration, inspection and collection of samples. These opportunities have prompted an interest in bimodal aerial and surface locomotion on both engineered and natural surfaces. To accomplish such novel robot behaviours, recent efforts have included advancing our understanding of the aerodynamics of surface approach and take-off, the contact dynamics of perching and attachment and making surface locomotion more efficient and robust. While current aerial robots show promise, flying animals, including insects, bats and birds, far surpass them in versatility, reliability and robustness. The maximal size of both perching animals and robots is limited by scaling laws for both adhesion and claw-based surface attachment. Biomechanists can use the current variety of specialized robots as inspiration for probing unknown aspects of bimodal animal locomotion. Similarly, the pitch-up landing manoeuvres and surface attachment techniques of animals can offer an evolutionary design guide for developing robots that perch on more diverse and complex surfaces. PMID:28163884

Demonstration of space-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering capability for warm dense matter experiments on the Z accelerator

DOE PAGES

Ao, T.; Harding, E. C.; Bailey, J. E.; ...

2016-01-13

Experiments on the Sandia Z pulsed-power accelerator demonstrated the ability to produce warm dense matter (WDM) states with unprecedented uniformity, duration, and size, which are ideal for investigations of fundamental WDM properties. For the first time, space-resolved x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) spectra from shocked carbon foams were recorded on Z. The large (> 20 MA) electrical current produced by Z was used to launch Al flyer plates up to 25 km/s. The impact of the flyer plate on a CH 2 foam target produced a shocked state with an estimated pressure of 0.75 Mbar, density of 0.52 g/cm 3, andmore » temperature of 4.3 eV. Both unshocked and shocked portions of the foam target were probed with 6.2 keV x-rays produced by focusing the Z-Beamlet laser onto a nearby Mn foil. The data is composed of three spatially distinct spectra that were simultaneously captured with a single spectrometer with high spectral (4.8 eV) and spatial (190 μm) resolutions. Furthermore, these spectra provide detailed information on three target locations: the laser spot, the unshocked foam, and the shocked foam.« less

Deep-release of Epon 828 epoxy from the shock-driven reaction product phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lang, John; Fredenburg, Anthony; Coe, Joshua; Dattelbaum, Dana

2017-06-01

A challenge in improving equations-of-state (EOS) for polymers and their product phase is the lack of off-Hugoniot data. Here, we describe a novel experimental approach for obtaining release pathways along isentropes from the shocked products. A series of gas-gun experiments was conducted to obtain release isentropes of the products for 70/30 wt% Epon 828 epoxy resin/Jeffamine T-403 curing agent. Thin epoxy flyers backed by a low-density syntactic foam were impacted into LiF windows at up to 6.3 mm/ μs, creating stresses in excess of those required for reaction ( 25 GPa). Following a sustained shock input, a rarefaction fan from the back of the thin flyer reduced the pressure in the epoxy products along a release isentrope. Optical velocimetry (PDV) was used to measure the particle velocity at the epoxy/LiF interface. Numerical simulations using several different EOS describing the reactant-to-product transformation were conducted, and the results were compared with measured wave profiles. The best agreement with experiment was obtained using separate tabular EOS for the polymer ``reactant'' (e.g. epoxy) and product mixture, suggesting the transition to the products is irreversible.

Assessment of crew operations during internal servicing of the Columbus Free-Flyer by Hermes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winisdoerffer, F.; Lamothe, A.; Bourdeau'hui, J. C.

The Hermes system has been adopted as a European programme at the Hague ministerial level meeting. The primary mission of the Hermes spaceplane will be the servicing of the Columbus Free-Flyer (CFF) in order to bring new experiments in orbit, recover the results of old ones, and refurbish/maintain the various subsystems. This mission will be based on the extensive use of the 3 crewmembers on-board Hermes in order to perform either the Intra-Vehicular (IVA) and/or the Extra-Vehicular (EVA) activities. This paper focuses on the internal operations and the dimensions of the various payload of the basic reference cargo set are presented. The main constraints associated with their manipulation are also assessed independently of the configuration. During the spaceplane definition process, various configurations were developed. The operations were simulated using the CAD CATIA software with representative anthropometric models of the potential Hermes users population. These simulations helped to assess the various configurations and to refine the general concept of the spaceplane. The geometrical feasibility is demonstrated through those simulations. However full-scale tests are required to confirm data and assess the duration of the operations.

Particle size and surface area effects on the thin-pulse shock initiation of Diaminoazoxyfurazan (DAAF)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burritt, Rosemary; Francois, Elizabeth; Windler, Gary; Chavez, David

2017-06-01

Diaminoazoxyfurazan (DAAF) has many of the safety characteristics of an insensitive high explosive (IHE): it is extremely insensitive to impact and friction and is comparable to triaminotrinitrobezene (TATB) in this way. Conversely, it demonstrates many performance characteristics of a Conventional High Explosive (CHE). DAAF has a small failure diameter of about 1.25 mm and can be sensitive to shock under the right conditions. Large particle sized DAAF will not initiate in a typical exploding foil initiator (EFI) configuration but smaller particle sizes will. Large particle sized DAAF, of 40 μm, was crash precipitated and ball milled into six distinct samples and pressed into pellets with a density of 1.60 g/cc (91% TMD). To investigate the effect of particle size and surface area on the direct initiation on DAAF multiple threshold tests were preformed on each sample of DAAF in different EFI configurations, which varied in flyer thickness and/or bridge size. Comparative tests were performed examining threshold voltage and correlated to Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) results. The samples with larger particle sizes and surface area required more energy to initiate while the smaller particle sizes required less energy and could be initiated with smaller diameter flyers.

Explosive acceleration of plates using nonconventional explosives heavily loaded with inert and reactive materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiseau, Jason; Petel, Oren; Huneault, Justin; Serge, Matthew; Frost, David; Higgins, Andrew

2013-06-01

The detonation behavior of high explosives containing dispersed quantities or packed beds of dense additives has been previously investigated with the observation that such systems depart from the ``gamma law'' behavior typical of homogeneous explosives due to momentum transfer and thermalization between particles and detonation products. However, the influence of this non-ideal detonation behavior on the divergence speed of plates has been far less rigorously studied and existing literature suggests that the effect of dense additives cannot be explained solely through the straightforward application of the Gurney method with energy and density averaging of the explosive. In the current study, the acceleration history and terminal velocity of aluminum flyers launched by packed beds of granular material saturated by amine-sensitized nitromethane is reported. Two experimental configurations are used to study acceleration either by a purely grazing detonation in a finite thickness slab of explosive or by a normal detonation from an effectively infinite thickness of explosive. Flyer acceleration and velocity is measured via Photonic Doppler Velocimetry. Packed beds of plastic, aluminum, glass, iron, and bismuth are considered and the data is compared to Gurney velocity predictions.

Forsterite and Enstatite Shock Temperatures: Implications for Planetary Impact Melting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davies, Erik; Root, Seth; Kraus, Rick; Spaulding, Dylan; Stewart, Sarah; Jacobsen, Stein; Mattsson, Thomas; Lemke, Ray

2017-06-01

We present experimental results on enstatite and forsterite to probe extreme conditions in the laboratory in order to examine melting and vaporization of rocky planet mantles upon shock and release. Flyer plate impact experiments are carried out on the Z-Machine at Sandia National Laboratory. Planar, supported shock waves are generated in single crystal samples, permitting observation of both compressed and released states. Shock velocity of the sample is measured using laser interferometry, and the pressure and particle velocity are derived through impedance matching to the aluminum flyer. Temperature of the shocked state is measured with a streaked visible spectrum and calibrated with a quartz standard, mounted downrange from the sample. Preliminary analysis shows that current equation of state models underestimate the entropy gain, which suggests that for shock pressures above 250 GPa, a higher degree of impact vaporization will be reached. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Applicability of 100kWe-class of space reactor power systems to NASA manned space station missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Silverman, S. W.; Willenberg, H. J.; Robertson, C.

1985-01-01

An assessment is made of a manned space station operating with sufficiently high power demands to require a multihundred kilowatt range electrical power system. The nuclear reactor is a competitor for supplying this power level. Load levels were selected at 150kWe and 300kWe. Interactions among the reactor electrical power system, the manned space station, the space transportation system, and the mission were evaluated. The reactor shield and the conversion equipment were assumed to be in different positions with respect to the station; on board, tethered, and on a free flyer platform. Mission analyses showed that the free flyer concept resulted in unacceptable costs and technical problems. The tethered reactor providing power to an electrolyzer for regenerative fuel cells on the space station, results in a minimum weight shield and can be designed to release the reactor power section so that it moves to a high altitude orbit where the decay period is at least 300 years. Placing the reactor on the station, on a structural boom is an attractive design, but heavier than the long tethered reactor design because of the shield weight for manned activity near the reactor.

Flow separation on flapping and rotating profiles with spanwise gradients.

PubMed

Wong, J G; laBastide, B P; Rival, D E

2017-02-15

The growth of leading-edge vortices (LEV) on analogous flapping and rotating profiles has been investigated experimentally. Three time-varying cases were considered: a two-dimensional reference case with a spanwise-uniform angle-of-attack variation α; a case with increasing α towards the profile tip (similar to flapping flyers); and a case with increasing α towards the profile root (similar to rotor blades experiencing an axial gust). It has been shown that the time-varying spanwise angle-of-attack gradient produces a vorticity gradient, which, in combination with spanwise flow, results in a redistribution of circulation along the profile. Specifically, when replicating the angle-of-attack gradient characteristic of a rotor experiencing an axial gust, the spanwise-vorticity gradient is aligned such that circulation increases within the measurement domain. This in turn increases the local LEV growth rate, which is suggestive of force augmentation on the blade. Reversing the relative alignment of the spanwise-vorticity gradient and spanwise flow, thereby replicating that arrangement found in a flapping flyer, was found to reduce local circulation. From this, we can conclude that spanwise flow can be arranged to vary LEV growth to prolong lift augmentation and reduce the unsteadiness of cyclic loads.

Practice Oriented Master's in Optics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dimmock, John O.

1998-01-01

The development of an interdisciplinary Masters Program with a concentration in Optics and Photonics Technology has been is described. This program was developed under the U.S. Manufacturing Education and Training Activity of the Technology Reinvestment Project. This development was a collaboration between the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Alabama A&M University, Northwest Shoals Community College, the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the U.S. Army Missile Command, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Advanced Optical Systems Inc., Dynetics, Inc., Hughes Danbury Optical Systems, Inc., Nichols Research and Speedring Inc. These organizations as well as the National Institute for Standards and Technology and SCI, Inc. have been participating fully in the design, development and implementation of this program. This goal of the program is to produce highly trained graduates who can also solve practical problems. To this end, the program includes an on-site practicum at a manufacturing location. The broad curriculum of this program emphasizes the fundamentals of optics, optical systems manufacturing and testing, and the principles of design and manufacturing to cost for commercial products. The Master's of Science (MS) in Physics and Master's of Science in Engineering (MSE) in Electrical Engineering Degrees with concentration in Optics and Photonics Technology are offered by the respective UAH academic departments with support from and in consultation with a Steering Committee composed of representatives from each of the participating organizations, and a student representative from UAH. The origins of the programs are described. The curricula of the programs is described. The course outlines of the new courses which were developed for the new curriculum are included. Also included are samples of on-site practicums which the students have been involved in. Also included as attachments are samples of the advertisements, which includes flyers, and the program description given to prospective students. The expenditures in the development and information about the cost sharing among the participating organizations is also included. Finally a listing membership of the steering committee is attached.

The O/OREOS Mission - Astrobiology in Low Earth Orbit. [Astrobiology in Low Earth Orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ehrenfreund, P.; Ricco, A. J.; Squires, D.; Kitts, C.; Agasid, E.; Bramall, N.; Bryson, K.; Chittenden, J.; Conley, C.; Cook, A.;

The O/OREOS mission—Astrobiology in low Earth orbit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ehrenfreund, P.; Ricco, A. J.; Squires, D.; Kitts, C.; Agasid, E.; Bramall, N.; Bryson, K.; Chittenden, J.; Conley, C.; Cook, A.; Mancinelli, R.; Mattioda, A.; Nicholson, W.; Quinn, R.; Santos, O.; Tahu, G.; Voytek, M.; Beasley, C.; Bica, L.; Diaz-Aguado, M.; Friedericks, C.; Henschke, M.; Landis, D.; Luzzi, E.; Ly, D.; Mai, N.; Minelli, G.; McIntyre, M.; Neumann, M.; Parra, M.; Piccini, M.; Rasay, R.; Ricks, R.; Schooley, A.; Stackpole, E.; Timucin, L.; Yost, B.; Young, A.

2014-01-01

The O/OREOS (Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses) nanosatellite is the first science demonstration spacecraft and flight mission of the NASA Astrobiology Small-Payloads Program (ASP). O/OREOS was launched successfully on November 19, 2010, to a high-inclination (72°), 650-km Earth orbit aboard a US Air Force Minotaur IV rocket from Kodiak, Alaska. O/OREOS consists of 3 conjoined cubesat (each 1000 cm3) modules: (i) a control bus; (ii) the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment; and (iii) the Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) experiment. Among the innovative aspects of the O/OREOS mission are a real-time analysis of the photostability of organics and biomarkers and the collection of data on the survival and metabolic activity for microorganisms at 3 times during the 6-month mission. We report on the spacecraft characteristics, payload capabilities, and present operational phase and flight data from the O/OREOS mission. The science and technology rationale of O/OREOS supports NASA's scientific exploration program by investigating the local space environment as well as space biology relevant to Moon and Mars missions. It also serves as a precursor for experiments on small satellites, the International Space Station (ISS), future free-flyers and lunar surface exposure facilities.

Implementation of a Regional Training Program on African Swine Fever As Part of the Cooperative Biological Engagement Program across the Caucasus Region

PubMed Central

De Nardi, Marco; Léger, Anaïs; Stepanyan, Tatul; Khachatryan, Bagrat; Karibayev, Talgat; Sytnik, Igor; Tyulegenov, Samat; Akhmetova, Assel; Nychyk, Serhiy; Sytiuk, Mykola; Nevolko, Oleg; Datsenko, Roman; Chaligava, Tengiz; Avaliani, Lasha; Parkadze, Otar; Ninidze, Lena; Kartskhia, Natia; Napetvaridze, Tsira; Asanishvili, Zviad; Khelaia, Demna; Menteshashvili, Ioseb; Zadayan, Meruzhan; Niazyan, Lyudmila; Mykhaylovska, Nataliya; Brooks, Bradford Raymond; Zhumabayeva, Gulnara; Satabayeva, Saltanat; Metreveli, Magda; Gallagher, Theresa; Obiso, Richard

2017-01-01

A training and outreach program to increase public awareness of African swine fever (ASF) was implemented by Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Ministries of Agriculture in Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. The implementing agency was the company SAFOSO (Switzerland). Integration of this regional effort was administered by subject matter experts for each country. The main teaching effort of this project was to develop a comprehensive regional public outreach campaign through a network of expertise and knowledge for the control and prevention of ASF in four neighboring countries that experience similar issues with this disease. Gaps in disease knowledge, legislation, and outbreak preparedness in each country were all addressed. Because ASF is a pathogen with bioterrorism potential and of great veterinary health importance that is responsible for major economic instability, the project team developed public outreach programs to train veterinarians in the partner countries to accurately and rapidly identify ASF activity and report it to international veterinary health agencies. The project implementers facilitated four regional meetings to develop this outreach program, which was later disseminated in each partner country. Partner country participants were trained as trainers to implement the outreach program in their respective countries. In this paper, we describe the development, execution, and evaluation of the ASF training and outreach program that reached more than 13,000 veterinarians, farmers, and hunters in the partner countries. Additionally, more than 120,000 booklets, flyers, leaflets, guidelines, and posters were distributed during the outreach campaign. Pre- and post-ASF knowledge exams were developed. The overall success of the project was demonstrated in that the principles of developing and conducting a public outreach program were established, and these foundational teachings can be applied within a single country or expanded regionally to disseminate disease information across borders; overall, this method can be modified to raise awareness about many other diseases. PMID:29124058

Positive Impacts of a Vegetable Cooking Skills Program among Low-Income Parents and Children.

PubMed

Overcash, Francine; Ritter, Allison; Mann, Traci; Mykerezi, Elton; Redden, Joseph; Rendahl, Aaron; Vickers, Zata; Reicks, Marla

2017-12-12

To evaluate the impact of a vegetable-focused cooking skills and nutrition program on parent and child psychosocial measures, vegetable liking, variety, and home availability. Baseline and postcourse surveys collected 1-week after the course. Low-income communities in Minneapolis-St Paul. Parent-child dyads (n = 89; one third each Hispanic, African American, and white) with complete pre-post course data; flyer and e-mail recruitment. Six 2-hour-weekly sessions including demonstration, food preparation, nutrition education lessons, and a meal. Parental cooking confidence and barriers, food preparation/resource management, child self-efficacy and cooking attitudes, vegetable liking, vegetable variety, and vegetable home availability. Pre-post changes analyzed with paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results were significant at P < .05. Increased parental cooking confidence (4.0 to 4.4/5.0), healthy food preparation (3.6 to 3.9/5.0), child self-efficacy (14.8 to 12.4; lower score = greater self-efficacy), parent liking of vegetables used in the course (7.8 to 8.1/10.0), vegetable variety (30 to 32/37 for parent, 22 to 24/37 for child), and home vegetable availability (16 to 18/35) (all P < .05). A short-term evaluation of a vegetable-focused cooking and nutrition program for parents and children showed improvements in psychosocial factors, vegetable liking, variety, and home availability. Copyright © 2017 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

NASA Master Teacher Re-Certification Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Okari-Brooks, Emma; Thompson, Paul

2000-01-01

Edward Waters College is submitting a final report covering the grant period from January 1999 - April 30, 2000. The Teacher re-certification program at Edward Waters College created a high quality professional development opportunity for middle and high school science teachers which will contribute to the improvement of science education and the use of innovation technologies in the classroom for years to come. The following goals and objectives were met and exceeded during the grant period. 1) A focused and relevant educational technology curriculum based on National Science Education Standard and state-of-the art educational resources that are accepted as one of the qualifications for re-certification in the scientific discipline in Duval County, Florida. 2) The program goal was to recertify 40 middle and high school science teachers over a two- year period. This goal was met and exceeded the projected number by recertifying over 80 middle and high school science and math teachers over a two-year period. 3) Teachers that were recertified were given an opportunity to public information that they developed on EWC's Web page or develop a web page of their own. Area schools were made aware of this information through various forms of communication with the teachers in Duval County School District, i.e., flyers sent from EWC to participants, school newspapers, word of mouth, etc. 4) A multimedia technology resource lab is available at EWC for use as a "Learning Lab" for class field trips by Duval County teachers.

Learning to Fly: The Wright Brothers' Adventure. A Guide for Educators and Students with Activities in Aeronautics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Storm, Roger; Benson, Thomas; Galica, Carol; McCredie, Patty

2003-01-01

This educator guide provides background information on Wilbur and Orville Wright. It also presents activities on aeronautics that provide templates for building the 1900, 1901, and 1902 Gliders and the 1903 Flyer. Activities include: (1) Early Aviation; (2) Your First Interview; (3) Your First Report; (4) Build a Model of the 1900 Glider; (5)…

50th Annual Fuze Conference.Session 3 and 4

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-11

Exploding Foil Initiator Research • Research on Explosives • Conclusion Wim Prinse Research Scientist3 TNO has organised...Research Scientist6 Exploding Foil Initiator Research • Electrical circuit • Exploding foil • Velocity of the flyer • Driver Explosive • Secondary...90% efficiency of energy deposited in the exploding foil (50 % other circuits) Wim Prinse Research Scientist8 Exploding foil • Dimension of the foil

Affidavit and Flyers from the Chinese Boycott Case. The Constitution Community: The Development of the Industrial United States (1870-1900).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Mary Frances

Under Article I, Section 8, Clause 4, of the United States Constitution, the U.S. Congress is granted the power to "establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization." With passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, Congress exercised this authority, denying the rights of citizenship to all Chinese immigrants. The Chinese Boycott Case…

Manned remote work station development article. Volume 1, book 1: Flight article requirements. Appendix A: Mission requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

The requirements for several configurations of flight articles are presented. These requirements provide the basis to design manned remote work station development test articles and establish tests and simulation objectives for the resolution of development issues. Mission system and subsystem requirements for four MRWS configurations included: open cherry picker; closed cherry picker; crane turret; and free flyer.

The Effect of Brain-Based Teaching on Young EFL Learners' Self-Efficacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oghyanous, Parastoo Alizadeh

2017-01-01

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of brain-based teaching on the self-efficacy of young EFL learners. The initial participants of the study were 90 learners within the age range of 13-16 who were selected based on convenience sampling. Theses 90 young EFL learners were given a Flyers test the scores of which were used to choose 60…

Impact of Culture on Breast Cancer Screening in Chinese American Women

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

health fairs, churches, and Chinese New Year Celebrations to introduce this study. Chinese-language recruitment flyers were distributed at these events...your medical care? [READ CATEGORIES] Yes No 6.1 Lack of transportation 1 2 6.2 Difficulty in getting an appointment 1 2 6.3 Lack of a babysitter 1 2...10 Lack of a babysitter ......................................................... 11 No or only partial insurance

Six teachers' experience with a video-based professional development program: Its implementation and development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nelson, Marianne T.

Many professional development programs fall short of accomplishing their objectives. Recently, programs have been developed that would appear to appeal to teachers and to enhance their potential to influence teachers' practice. My research describes six teachers' responses to a professional development program that employs video as a key feature. The Next Move program consists of eight two-hour sessions, and includes a one-hour video intended to stimulate discussion among a group of teachers. All group participants were invited to participate in the study. My interview sample consisted of six teachers from two groups who volunteered to participate in the study. The first group consisted of four study participants from an urban district. Twelve teachers from this district attended the initial session. Of these, seven became regular participants who completed all sessions. Most of them registered for the graduate credit option. Two study participants were from a single suburban elementary school that had five teachers; they occasionally met jointly with a group from another elementary school, so the numbers varied. Teachers volunteering for this study had from four to seventeen years experience. They were all Caucasian and included four women and two men. My data set consists of three interviews with each teacher, one at the start of the program, one after the last session, and one at the end of the school year. I interviewed each facilitator and jointly interviewed the program's producer and project manager. Additional data was obtained from observation of program sessions and classrooms. Print data sources were the program guide and the project summative evaluation. The data analysis suggests a poor match between the funder's intent and what the teachers expected, based on the program title and information in the promotional flyer. Because of these discontinuities, the program failed to meet its objectives fully. However, some interesting benefits did appear. For example, the classroom clips did focus teachers' discussion on pedagogical issues. Each participant, over the short duration of the study, did implement at least one program idea, and several teachers mentioned continuing conversations they had begun during program sessions.

Food-related behavior and intake of adult main meal preparers of 9-10 year-old children participating in iCook 4-H: A five-state childhood obesity prevention pilot study.

PubMed

Miller, Ashley; Franzen-Castle, Lisa; Aguirre, Trina; Krehbiel, Michelle; Colby, Sarah; Kattelmann, Kendra; Olfert, Melissa D; Mathews, Douglas; White, Adrienne

2016-06-01

It is important to understand adult outcomes in childhood obesity prevention programs as parents and caregivers have a significant influence on the eating and physical activity habits of youth. Grounded in the social cognitive theory, the iCook 4-H study was centered on a dyad model (9-10 year-olds and their primary meal preparers) to teach healthy cooking skills, shopping and meal habits, and being active as a family. The program took place in five states and dyads (n = 54) were recruited through flyers, e-mails, and in-person contact. The focus of this article is to provide findings from adult program participants. Demographics and self-reported food intake, procurement, preparation and safety practices, feeding relationships, mealtime routines, and height and weight were collected through surveys at baseline and program completion, which spanned 3 months. Descriptive statistics including two-related samples tests and paired samples t tests were used to assess pre- and post-program survey data responses at p < 0.05 significance level. Most had a bachelor's degree (31%) or some college (29%), about half were white, 66% were married, about 30% of households participated in assistance programs, and 82% were female. At program conclusion, participants significantly improved meal planning, prioritizing healthy meal choices, shopping with a grocery list, and reading Nutrition Facts Labels. There were also significant, positive differences noted in cooking skill confidence (p = 0.015), desire to cook more meals at home, and fewer fast food meals. Adult-youth feeding interactions also significantly improved. There were also significant increases in fruit juice (100%), vegetable soup, and whole grain consumption. Based on results, adults reported improvements in meal planning, cooking, and purchasing skills that were taught in classes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Designing pharmacy services based on grocery store patron preferences.

PubMed

Lindstrom, Nicolette S Raya; Casper, Kristin A; Green, Tara R; Pedersen, Craig A

2007-01-01

To assess preferences of grocery store patrons concerning pharmacy services and identify study participant characteristics that may predict the success of pharmacy services in the community setting. Self-administered survey. Central Ohio from December 16, 2005, to January 12, 2006. 163 grocery store patrons. Eight grocery store survey events. Responses to survey items about (1) perceived importance of 28 pharmacy services, (2) identification of the 3 most important services, (3) frequency of grocery store and pharmacy use, (4) preferred methods of advertising pharmacy services, and (5) socioeconomic demographics. Preferred services delineated by various demographics also were analyzed. A total of 163 surveys were returned from study participants. Nine services appeared in both the top 12 overall preferred services and the 12 highest-ranked services. Statistically significant differences were observed among services ranked as important or very important by age, race, employment, income, caregiver status, and prescription drug coverage status. The three advertising tools selected most frequently included: weekly grocery store ads (68.6%), in-store signs (51.0%), and flyers attached to prescription bags (36.0%). Grocery store patrons would like a wide range of nontraditional pharmacy services that could be implemented into community pharmacies. Pharmacies in grocery stores need to provide both traditional and expanded pharmacy services to meet the desires and expectations of current and potential patients, and expanded marketing methods should be considered.

A qualitative study examining HIV Antiretroviral Adherence Counseling and Support in Community Pharmacies

PubMed Central

Cocohoba, Jennifer; Comfort, Megan; Kianfar, Hamaseh; Johnson, Mallory O.

2014-01-01

OBJECTIVE To use qualitative research methods to obtain an in-depth understanding of how antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence support and counseling is provided in HIV-focused community pharmacies. To determine relevant facilitators and barriers around adherence support from both patient’s and pharmacist’s perspectives. METHODS Qualitative research study of patients who patronize and pharmacists employed at HIV-focused pharmacies in the San Francisco Bay Area. Participants were recruited using flyers at HIV clinics, community-based organizations, and using newsletter blurbs. Transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory methods to determine emergent themes in the data. RESULTS 19 eligible patients with a self-reported diagnosis of HIV, taking their current ART regimen for at least 3 months, and who obtained their ART from a community pharmacy in the San Francisco Bay Area were included. 9 pharmacists employed at 13 different pharmacy locations frequented by participants were interviewed. Emergent themes included descriptions of pharmacy adherence counseling and support, roles and responsibilities regarding medication adherence, barriers to providing adherence support, and feeling connected as a facilitator to adherence support relationships. CONCLUSION Pharmacists provide diverse types of ART adherence support and are uniquely positioned to help clients manage their medications. Additional training on developing relationships with patients and advertising regarding their adherence services may further the role of community pharmacists in supporting antiretroviral adherence. PMID:23806059

Models for Liquid Impact Onboard Sloshsat FLEVO

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vreeburg, Jan P. B.; Chato, David J.

2000-01-01

Orbital experiments on the behavior of liquid in spacecraft are planned. The Sloshsat free-flyer is described. Preparation of the experiments, and later evaluation, are supported by models of varying complexity. The characteristics of the models are discussed. Particular attention is given to the momentum transfer between the liquid and the spacecraft, in connection with the liquid impact that may occur at the end of a reorientation maneuver of the spacecraft.

The Evolution of Instrument Flying in the U.S. Army.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

had learned to fly in World War One without instruments. They either distrusted instruments and avoided clouds, or were "seat-of- the-pants" flyers...hooded flight training, Basic students received six hours, and Advanced students received fifteen. Primary and Basic students learned aircraft control and...instrument maneuvers while Advanced students learned radio-navigation.;’ The twenty-seven hours of instrument 23 flying represented 11 percent of the

Can education influence stethoscope hygiene?

PubMed

Holleck, Jürgen L; Merchant, Naseema; Lin, Shin; Gupta, Shaili

2017-07-01

The importance of stethoscope hygiene has been demonstrated in prior studies, and is acknowledged by guidelines, yet it is rarely done. We implemented a pilot project consisting of provider education, reminder flyers and provision of cleaning supplies at the start of clinical rotations for housestaff, medical students, and attending physicians. Hand hygiene rates did not change significantly with rates between 58% and 63% while stethoscope hygiene remained at zero. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Update on Phelix Pulsed-Power Hydrodynamics Experiments and Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

underway to assess the feasibility of using the PHELIX driver as an electromagnetic launcher for planer shock-physics experiments. I. INTRODUCTION...inductance loads. Cylindrical liners or planer flyer plates can achieve km/s velocities and kbar pressures. A schematic of PHELIX is shown in Figure 1. Each...using the PHELIX driver as an electromagnetic launcher for planer shock-physics experiments. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17

Flight Software Development for the Liberdade Flying Wing Glider

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-24

gliders. Bigger gliders are more efficient at horizontal transport. Surveys of natural and man-made flyers ( McMasters , 1974) confirm this relation...The other benefit of a large wing area is that it reduces the coefficient of lift and the associated induced drag (the largest component of drag at...greater reduction in specific energy consumption than does a proportionally smaller lift coefficient . Increases in aspect ratio, in turn, must be

Bacteria as bullies: effects of linguistic agency assignment in health message.

PubMed

Bell, Robert A; McGlone, Matthew S; Dragojevic, Marko

2014-01-01

When describing health threats, communicators can assign agency to the threat (e.g., "Hepatitis C has infected 4 million Americans") or to humans (e.g., "Four million Americans have contracted hepatitis C"). In an online experiment, the authors explored how assignment of agency affects perceptions of susceptibility and severity of a health threat, response efficacy, self-efficacy, fear arousal, and intentions to adopt health-protective recommendations. Participants were 719 individuals recruited through Mechanical Turk ( www.mturk.com ), a crowdsource labor market run by Amazon ( www.amazon.com ). The participants were assigned randomly to read 1 of 8 flyers defined by a 2×4 (Agency Assignment×Topic) factorial design. Each flyer examined 1 health threat (E. coli, necrotizing fasciitis, salmonella, or Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae) and was written in language that emphasized bacterial or human agency. Perceived susceptibility and severity were highest when bacterial agency language was used. Response efficacy, self-efficacy, and fear arousal were not significantly affected by agency assignment. Participants reported stronger intentions to adopt recommendations when bacteria agency language was used, but this effect did not reach conventional standards of significance (p < .051). The authors concluded that health communicators can increase target audiences' perceptions of susceptibility and severity by assigning agency to the threat in question when devising health messages.

Mars Flyer Rocket Propulsion Risk Assessment Kaiser Marquardt Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marquardt, Kaiser

2001-01-01

This report describes the investigation of a 10-N, bipropellant thruster, operating at -40 C, with monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and 25% nitric oxide in nitrogen tetroxide (MON-25). The thruster testing was conducted as part of a risk reduction activity for the Mars Flyer, a proposed mission to fly a miniature airplane in the Martian atmosphere. Testing was conducted using an existing thruster, designed for MMH and MON-3 propellants. The nitric oxide content of MON-3 was increased to 25%, to lower its freezing point to -55 C. The thruster was conditioned, along with the propellants, to temperature prior to hot firing. Thruster operating parameters included oxidizer-to-fuel mixture ratios of 1.6 to 2.7 and inlet pressure ranging from 689 to 2070 kPa. The test matrix consisted of many 10-second firings and several 60-, 300-, 600-, and 1200-second firings, as well as pulse testing. The thruster successfully accumulated nearly 10,000 seconds of operation without failure, at temperatures ranging from -40 C to 22 C. At nominal inlet pressures, the ignition delay was comparable to MMH/MON-3 operation. The optimal performance for the 8.9-N thruster was determined to be at a mixture ratio of 1.93 with an average specific impulse of 298 sec.

Numerical Simulations of Laser-Driven Microflyer Plates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colvin, Jeffrey D.; Frank, Alan M.; Lee, Ronald S.; Remington, Bruce A.

2000-10-01

Experiments conducted in the US and France have accelerated few-micron-thick foils of aluminum to velocities of 3 - 5 km/s using 25 - 50 J/cm^2 of 1-μm laser light (1,2). These microflyer plates are not too dissimilar in size and velocity from interplanetary dust particles (3). We are performing numerical simulations of these experiments with the 2-D radiation-hydrodynamics code LASNEX (4), incorporating a model for low-fluence electromagnetic wave reflection and absorption in metals, with the objective of determining the physical processes important to optimizing the flyer design. We will discuss our preliminary findings, including the efficacy of a thermal insulation layer and the role played by the substrate on which the flyer is mounted. (1) W.M. Trott, R.E. Setchell, and A.V. Farnsworth, Jr., in Shock Compression of Condensed Matter-1999, ed. M.D. Furnish, L.C. Chhabildas, and R.S. Hixson, AIP, 2000, pp. 1203-06. (2) J. L. Labaste, M. Doucet, and P. Joubert, in Shock Compression of Condensed Matter-1995, ed. S.C. Schmidt and W.C. Tao, AIP, 1996, pp. 1221-24. (3) W.W. Anderson and T.J. Ahrens, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 2063 (1994). (4) G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 2, 51 (1975).

Shock Initiation of Secondary Explosives by MicroSlapper

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendes, Ricardo; Campos, Jose; Plaksin, Igor; Ribeiro, Jose

2001-06-01

Using the well known Exploding Foil Initiator (EFI) also called slapper detonator the shock to Detonation Wave (DW) transition in a low dense secondary explosive like PETN and RDX is presented in this study. The EFI formed by a capacitor with capacity up to 0.2μF charged until 3kV was used to burst copper bridges with 0.3x0.3mm and 0.4x0.3mm with 5μm of thickness, and to accelerate Kapton flyer plates with 25μm of thickness until 5mm/μs. The process of Shock to Detonation Transition (SDT) in explosive samples with 5mm of diameter by 10mm of height was characterized by an optical method based on 64 optical fibbers ribbon (250mm of diameter each fibber) connected to a fast electronic streak camera. The obtained results, (x,t) diagrams, with 1ns resolution, show continuously the shock to detonation transition regime and allowed the evaluation of the detonation velocity and the detonation wave front curvature. In that regime DW propagation presents the oscillations in detonation velocity. The results also show the influence of the flyer plate velocity and the initial density of the explosive sample in the process of SDT and front oscillations.

A paleo-aerodynamic exploration of the evolution of nature's flyers, man's aircraft, and the needs and options for future technology innovations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulfan, Brenda M.

2009-03-01

Insights and observations of fascinating aspects of birds, bugs and flying seeds, of inspired aerodynamic concepts, and visions of past, present and future aircraft developments are presented. The evolution of nature's flyers, will be compared with the corresponding evolution of commercial aircraft. We will explore similarities between nature's creations and man's inventions. Many critical areas requiring future significant technology based solutions remain. With the advent of UAVs and MAVs, the gap between "possible" and "actual" is again very large. Allometric scaling procedures will be used to explore size implications on limitations and performance capabilities of nature's creations. Biologically related technology development concepts including: bionics, biomimicry, neo-bionic, pseudo-mimicry, cybernetic and non-bionic approaches will be discussed and illustrated with numerous examples. Technology development strategies will be discussed along with the pros and cons for each. Future technology developments should include a synergistic coupling of "discovery driven", "product led" and "technology acceleration" strategies. The objective of this presentation is to inspire the creative nature existing within all of us. This is a summary all text version of the complete report with the same title that report includes approximately 80 figures, photos and charts and much more information.

Educational campaigns at point of purchase in rural supermarkets improve stroke knowledge.

PubMed

Inoue, Yasuteru; Honda, Shoji; Watanabe, Masaki; Ando, Yukio

2015-02-01

The number of elderly people is dramatically increasing, and this trend is especially pronounced in rural populations. The aim of the present study was to verify the effectiveness of stroke education in a rural area. The stroke educational flyers were distributed for 3 weeks at the point of purchase within supermarkets. Questionnaires were used to determine knowledge about stroke and appropriate emergent action on identifying stroke. A total of 882 people responded to the questionnaires before (n = 409) and 3 months after (n = 473) the campaign. Of these, 686 (77.8%) were aged 65 years or older. The percentages of correct answers for hemiplegia and one-sided numbness (P < .05 for both) and calling emergency medical services (EMS) on identifying stroke occurrence (P < .001) were higher after the campaign compared with those before the campaign. Of the respondents aged 65 years or older, the percentages of correct answers for numbness on one side and calling for EMS on identifying stroke were higher after the campaign (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively). A simple point-of-purchase stroke campaign using educational flyers could meaningfully affect stroke knowledge among elderly persons in a rural community. Copyright © 2015 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Microflyers: inspiration from nature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirohi, Jayant

2013-04-01

Over the past decade, there has been considerable interest in miniaturizing aircraft to create a class of extremely small, robotic vehicles with a gross mass on the order of tens of grams and a dimension on the order of tens of centimeters. These are collectively refered to as micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) or microflyers. Because the size of microflyers is on the same order as that of small birds and large insects, engineers are turning to nature for inspiration. Bioinspired concepts make use of structural or aerodynamic mechanisms that are observed in insects and birds, such as elastic energy storage and unsteady aerodynamics. Biomimetic concepts attempt to replicate the form and function of natural flyers, such as flapping-wing propulsion and external appearance. This paper reviews recent developments in the area of man-made microflyers. The design space for microflyers will be described, along with fundamental physical limits to miniaturization. Key aerodynamic phenomena at the scale of microflyers will be highlighted. Because the focus is on bioinspiration and biomimetics, scaled-down versions of conventional aircraft, such as fixed wing micro air vehicles and microhelicopters will not be addressed. A few representative bioinspired and biomimetic microflyer concepts developed by researchers will be described in detail. Finally, some of the sensing mechanisms used by natural flyers that are being implemented in man-made microflyers will be discussed.

Mars Flyer Rocket Propulsion Risk Assessment: ARC Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

This report describes the investigation of a 10-N, bipropellant thruster, operating at -40 C, with monomethy1hydrazine (MMH) and 25% nitric oxide in nitrogen tetroxide (MON-25). The thruster testing was conducted as part of a risk reduction activity for the Mars Flyer, a proposed mission to fly a miniature airplane in the Martian atmosphere. Testing was conducted using an existing thruster, designed for MMH and MON-3 propellants. MON-25 oxidizer was successfully manufactured from MON-3 by the addition of nitric oxide. The thruster was operated successfully over a range of propellant temperatures (-40 to 21 C and feed pressures (6.9 to 20.7 kPa). The thruster hardware was always equal or lower than the propellant temperature. Most tests were 30- and 60-second durations, with 600- and 1200-second duration and pulse testing also conducted. When operating at -40 C, the mixture ratio of the thruster shifted from the nominal value of 1.65 to about 1.85, probably caused by an increase in MMH viscosity, with a corresponding reduction in MMH flowrate. Specific impulse at - 40 C (at nominal feed pressures) was 267 sec, while performance was 277 sec at 21 C. This difference in performance was due, in part, to the mixture ratio shift.

RIO+10 = Concept of synergetic cosmoecology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alekseev, A. S.; Vedernikov, Y. A.; Dulov, V. G.

The dynamic concept of synergetic ecology of the near space as the Earth's civilization living space is discussed. It is proposed to formulate the scientific problem of protection of the Earth, orbital stations, and flyers from meteoroids and plasmoids of natural and artificial origin. Natural meteoroids intersect the Earth's orbit once in five years, whereas flyers often hit on natural plasmoids, sometimes even once a year. In contrast to nuclear, kinetic, and gravitational actions on threatening meteoroids, free electron lasers are used for protection against plasmoids. Some complementarity between cosmophysics and biology is revealed, and mathematical models of biosphere are constructed. Mathematical-synergetic modeling in the "man-environment" system is performed. Certain ways for improving noosphere on the basis of synergetics are determined. The principles of work of the social Institutes of Cosmic Anthropoecology and the University of Man and Planet Ecology are presented. References 1. A. S. Alekseev, Yu. .A. Vedernikov, I.I. Velichko, and V.A. Volkov, The rocket conception of cumulative impact defense of the Earth against dangerous space objects, Impact Engineering, 1997, V. 20, No. 1-5, 1-12. 2. A.S. Alekseev, Yu.A. Vedernikov et al., Computer Detection and Rocket Interception of Asteroids at an Atmospheric Boundary, 5th Cranfield Conference on Dynamics and Control of Systems and Structures in Space 2002, King's College, Cambridge, 185-193 pp.

Results of a long-term community smoking cessation contest.

PubMed

Lando, H A; Hellerstedt, W L; Pirie, P L; Fruetel, J; Huttner, P

1991-01-01

Successive quit smoking contests undertaken as part of the Minnesota Heart Health Program had generated diminishing impact. The 1988 contest attempted to rejuvenate community interest and participation through a substantially extended enrollment period. Smokers were eligible for monthly prize drawings and a grand prize drawing by entering the contest at any point between June 1988 and January 1989 and remaining abstinent for at least one month. The contest was promoted through newspaper advertisements, contest flyers, schools, and a community-wide direct mail campaign. A total of 1,328 smokers returned initial interest cards and 918 (69.1%) of these smokers returned quit pledges. Self-reported abstinence for pledgers and nonpledgers was 16.7% and 9.2%, respectively. Survival analysis indicated significantly longer periods of abstinence for pledgers (p = .0001). The extended contest was successful in recruiting smokers (almost 7% of the entire Bloomington smoking population vs. 1% for a previous one-month contest), especially those with less than a high school education. The current contest required substantial expenditures. However, these costs could be dramatically reduced through innovative use of donated resources.

Relative navigation for spacecraft formation flying

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartman, Kate R.; Gramling, Cheryl J.; Lee, Taesul; Kelbel, David A.; Long, Anne C.

1998-01-01

The Goddard Space Flight Center Guidance, Navigation, and Control Center (GNCC) is currently developing and implementing advanced satellite systems to provide autonomous control of formation flyers. The initial formation maintenance capability will be flight-demonstrated on the Earth-Orbiter-1 (EO-1) satellite, which is planned under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration New Millennium Program to be a coflight with the Landsat-7 (L-7) satellite. Formation flying imposes relative navigation accuracy requirements in addition to the orbit accuracy requirements for the individual satellites. In the case of EO-1 and L-7, the two satellites are in nearly coplanar orbits, with a small difference in the longitude of the ascending node to compensate for the Earth's rotation. The GNCC has performed trajectory error analysis for the relative navigation of the EO-1/L-7 formation, as well as for a more advanced tracking configuration using cross-link satellite communications. This paper discusses the orbit determination and prediction accuracy achievable for EO-1 and L-7 under various tracking and orbit determination scenarios and discusses the expected relative separation errors in their formation flying configuration.

Relative Navigation for Spacecraft Formation Flying

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartman, Kate R.; Gramling, Cheryl J.; Lee, Taesul; Kelbel, David A.; Long, Anne C.

1998-01-01

The Goddard Space Flight Center Guidance, Navigation, and Control Center (GNCC) is currently developing and implementing advanced satellite systems to provide autonomous control of formation flyers. The initial formation maintenance capability will be flight-demonstrated on the Earth-Orbiter-1 (EO-l) satellite, which is planned under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration New Millennium Program to be a coflight with the Landsat-7 (L-7) satellite. Formation flying imposes relative navigation accuracy requirements in addition to the orbit accuracy requirements for the individual satellites. In the case of EO-1 and L-7, the two satellites are in nearly coplanar orbits, with a small difference in the longitude of the ascending node to compensate for the Earth's rotation. The GNCC has performed trajectory error analysis for the relative navigation of the EO-1/L-7 formation, as well as for a more advanced tracking configuration using cross- link satellite communications. This paper discusses the orbit determination and prediction accuracy achievable for EO-1 and L-7 under various tracking and orbit determination scenarios and discusses the expected relative separation errors in their formation flying configuration.

Hubble Space Telescope Program on STS-95 Supported by Space Acceleration Measurement System for Free Flyers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kacpura, Thomas J.

2000-01-01

John Glenn's historic return to space was a primary focus of the STS 95 space shuttle mission; however, the 83 science payloads aboard were the focus of the flight activities. One of the payloads, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital System Test (HOST), was flown in the cargo bay by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It served as a space flight test of upgrade components for the telescope before they are installed in the shuttle for the next Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. One of the upgrade components is a cryogenic cooling system for the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). The cooling is required for low noise in the receiver's sensitive electronic instrumentation. Originally, a passive system using dry ice cooled NICMOS, but the ice leaked away and must be replaced. The active cryogenic cooler can provide the cold temperatures required for the NICMOS, but there was a concern that it would create vibrations that would affect the fine pointing accuracy of the Hubble platform.

World War I: an air war of consequence.

PubMed

Hallion, Richard P

2014-06-01

On December 17, 1903, the brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright flew the world's first successful airplane, following this with the first military airplane in 1908. (The 1908 Flyer was built by the brothers in response to a 1907 requirements specification for a 2-place aircraft capable of flying at 40 mph and able to be broken down and transported in a horse-drawn wagon. Technically, since it crashed during its demonstration program and was not formally delivered to the Army, it never became Army property. But the trials had been so impressive that the Army ordered a second, delivered in 1909.) Just six years later, Europe erupted in a general war. Often portrayed as a sideshow to the war on land and sea, the air war heralded the advent of mechanized warfare, the airplane being one of four great technological advances--the submarine, the tank, and radio communication--that, together, revolutionized military affairs. Aircraft reconnaissance influenced the conduct of military operations from the war's earliest days, and airborne observers routinely governed the fall of artillery barrages, crucially important in an artillery-dominant war. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

KSC-97PC1208

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC1206

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC1209

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC1204

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC1202

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC1203

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC1210

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97pc1205

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC1207

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-08-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Blasting through the hazy late morning sky, the Space Shuttle Discovery soars from Launch Pad 39A at 10:41 a.m. EDT Aug. 7 on the 11-day STS-85 mission. Aboard Discovery are Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.; Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Payload Commander N. Jan Davis, Mission Specialist Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson and Payload Specialist Bjarni V. Tryggvason, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut . The primary payload aboard the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery is the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2) free-flyer. The CRISTA-SPAS-2 will be deployed on flight day 1 to study trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere as a part of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth program. Also aboard the free-flying research platform will be the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Instrument (MAHRSI). Other payloads on the 11-day mission include the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD), a Japanese Space Agency-sponsored experiment. Also in Discovery’s payload bay are the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker-2 (IEH-2) experiments

Propagation of Axially Symmetric Detonation Waves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Druce, R L; Roeske, F; Souers, P C

2002-06-26

We have studied the non-ideal propagation of detonation waves in LX-10 and in the insensitive explosive TATB. Explosively-driven, 5.8-mm-diameter, 0.125-mm-thick aluminum flyer plates were used to initiate 38-mm-diameter, hemispherical samples of LX-10 pressed to a density of 1.86 g/cm{sup 3} and of TATB at a density of 1.80 g/cm{sup 3}. The TATB powder was a grade called ultrafine (UFTATB), having an arithmetic mean particle diameter of about 8-10 {micro}m and a specific surface area of about 4.5 m{sup 2}/g. Using PMMA as a transducer, output pressure was measured at 5 discrete points on the booster using a Fabry-Perot velocimeter. Breakoutmore » time was measured on a line across the booster with a streak camera. Each of the experimental geometries was calculated using the Ignition and Growth Reactive Flow Model, the JWL++ Model and the Programmed Burn Model. Boosters at both ambient and cold (-20 C and -54 C) temperatures have been experimentally and computationally studied. A comparison of experimental and modeling results is presented.« less

Frequently Asked Questions about the Indian Environmental General Assistance Program (GAP)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Answers to frequently asked questions about the Indian Environmental General Assistance Program (GAP) Guidance on the Award and Management of General Assistance Agreements for Tribes and Intertribal Consortia (Guidance)

Using a qualitative approach for understanding hospital-affiliated integrated clinical and fitness facilities: characteristics and members' experiences.

PubMed

Yang, Jingzhen; Kingsbury, Diana; Nichols, Matthew; Grimm, Kristin; Ding, Kele; Hallam, Jeffrey

2015-06-19

With health care shifting away from the traditional sick care model, many hospitals are integrating fitness facilities and programs into their clinical services in order to support health promotion and disease prevention at the community level. Through a series of focus groups, the present study assessed characteristics of hospital-affiliated integrated facilities located in Northeast Ohio, United States and members' experiences with respect to these facilities. Adult members were invited to participate in a focus group using a recruitment flyer. A total of 6 focus groups were conducted in 2013, each lasting one hour, ranging from 5 to 12 participants per group. The responses and discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim, then analyzed independently by research team members. Major themes were identified after consensus was reached. The participants' average age was 57, with 56.8% currently under a doctor's care. Four major themes associated with integrated facilities and members' experiences emerged across the six focus groups: 1) facility/program, 2) social atmosphere, 3) provider, and 4) member. Within each theme, several sub-themes were also identified. A key feature of integrated facilities is the availability of clinical and fitness services "under one roof". Many participants remarked that they initially attended physical therapy, becoming members of the fitness facility afterwards, or vice versa. The participants had favorable views of and experiences with the superior physical environment and atmosphere, personal attention, tailored programs, and knowledgeable, friendly, and attentive staff. In particular, participants favored the emphasis on preventive care and the promotion of holistic health and wellness. These results support the integration of wellness promotion and programming with traditional medical care and call for the further evaluation of such a model with regard to participants' health outcomes.

Hypobaric Conditions and Retention of Dental Crowns Luted with Manually or Automixed Dental Cements.

PubMed

Kielbassa, Andrej M; Müller, Johannes A G

2018-05-01

There is only scant information on the influence of the hypobaric environment on luting agents and their efficacy on dental crown cementation. The objective of this study was to provide data on the retentive characters of two cements commonly used on implant abutment surfaces both under normal and under hypobaric conditions. There were 56 implant abutments supplied with CAD/CAM milled zirconia oxide crowns. 1) A zinc phosphate cement (ZP), and 2) a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI), each mixed either A) manually or B) by means of automix capsules, were used for cementation. The cemented crowns of the 4 × 2 subgroups were either kept on the ground or were transported in an aircraft at altitudes up to 13,730 m (45,045.9 ft; N = 28 each), thus being subjected to the pressure changes (80×) every aircrew member or frequent flyer is exposed to. All cemented crowns were stored in climatized boxes during the experimental phase. Hand-mixing of ZP resulted in a significant reduction of mean (± SD) retention forces (581.6 ± 204.5 N) when compared to the control group on the ground (828.4 ± 147.9 N). Automixed ZP (931.9 ± 134.4 N in flight; 996.0 ± 107.4 N on the ground) and RMGI subgroups (ranging from 581.0 N ± 114.3 N to 662.4 N ± 92.5 N) were not affected by hypobaric conditions. When treating patients frequently exposed to hypobaric environments, automixing of ZP would seem favorable, while manual mixing should be avoided. RMGI is considered suitable and is not influenced by hand-mixing or barometric pressure changes.Kielbassa AM, Müller JAG. Hypobaric conditions and retention of dental crowns luted with manually or automixed dental cements. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(5):446-452.

The Shock and Vibration Bulletin. Part 4. Impact, Packaging and Shipping, Blast and Impulsive Loading

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-06-01

Explosive forces are completely through undisturbed air where appreciable dominant and the plate is rotated through an aerodynamic forces retard its...are relatively of the explosive system drops rapidly with dense compared to air , do produce sufficient flyer thickness, little is gained by increasing...impulsive loadings generated by a fuel air explosive . A membrane model based on a total plastic strain energy function, a rigid strain hardening

Shear Viscosity of Aluminium under Shock Compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Fu-Sheng; Yang, Mei-Xia; Liu, Qi-Wen; Chen, Jun-Xiang; Jing, Fu-Qian

2005-03-01

Based on the Newtonian viscous fluid model and the analytic perturbation theory of Miller and Ahrens for the oscillatory damping of a sinusoidal shock front, a flyer-impact technique is developed to investigate the effective viscosity of shocked aluminium. The shear viscosity coefficient is determined to be about 5000 poises at 42 GPa with strain rate of 1.27×106 s-1, which is a reasonable estimation compared with the results of other measurement methods.

Battlefield-Acquired Immunogenicity to Metals Affects Orthopaedic Implant Outcome

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

Attending Physician #N/A Control cpm 1308.0 Positive control (PHA) cpm 38247.3 29.2 Mildly Reactive 2 to 4 Reactive 4 to 8 Highly Reactive above 8...Kyron, The Veterans Health Administration has to follow Handbook 1200.05, which states: VHA HANDBOOK 1200.05 October 15, 2010 n. Advertising ...The facility Director is responsible for ensuring that recruiting documents, flyers, and advertisements for non-VA research are not posted within or

50th Annual Fuze Conference Sessions 3 and 4 Held in Norfolk, Virginia on May 9-11, 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-11

Exploding Foil Initiator Research • Research on Explosives • Conclusion Wim Prinse Research Scientist3 TNO has organised...Research Scientist6 Exploding Foil Initiator Research • Electrical circuit • Exploding foil • Velocity of the flyer • Driver Explosive • Secondary...90% efficiency of energy deposited in the exploding foil (50 % other circuits) Wim Prinse Research Scientist8 Exploding foil • Dimension of the foil

KSC-06pd0251

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility runway, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, piloted by Steve Fossett, begins its takeoff. Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8.

Aviation and Health: A Key Nexus for the US Air Force’s Regional Security-Building Efforts

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

would advance through a network of air- strips near medical facilities including both simple dispensaries and hospitals to connect patients...preventive, community- based health care with a focus on public health research.18 AMREF continues to fly surgeons to rural hospitals where they not only...flyers support humanitarian assistance and domestic flying operations, including tourism , to bolster the economy via scheduled and chartered flights

USGS QA Plan: Certification of digital airborne mapping products

USGS Publications Warehouse

Christopherson, J.

2007-01-01

To facilitate acceptance of new digital technologies in aerial imaging and mapping, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners have launched a Quality Assurance (QA) Plan for Digital Aerial Imagery. This should provide a foundation for the quality of digital aerial imagery and products. It introduces broader considerations regarding processes employed by aerial flyers in collecting, processing and delivering data, and provides training and information for US producers and users alike.

SCB initiator

DOEpatents

Bickes Jr., Robert W.; Renlund, Anita M.; Stanton, Philip L.

1994-11-01

A detonator for high explosives initiated by mechanical impact includes a cylindrical barrel, a layer of flyer material mechanically covering the barrel at one end, and a semiconductor bridge ignitor including a pair of electrically conductive pads connected by a semiconductor bridge. The bridge is in operational contact with the layer, whereby ignition of said bridge forces a portion of the layer through the barrel to detonate the explosive. Input means are provided for igniting the semiconductor bridge ignitor.

SCB initiator

DOEpatents

Bickes, Jr., Robert W.; Renlund, Anita M.; Stanton, Philip L.

1994-01-01

A detonator for high explosives initiated by mechanical impact includes a cylindrical barrel, a layer of flyer material mechanically covering the barrel at one end, and a semiconductor bridge ignitor including a pair of electrically conductive pads connected by a semiconductor bridge. The bridge is in operational contact with the layer, whereby ignition of said bridge forces a portion of the layer through the barrel to detonate the explosive. Input means are provided for igniting the semiconductor bridge ignitor.

The electron Echo 6 mechanical deployment systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyers, S. C.; Steffen, J. E.; Malcolm, P. R.; Winckler, J. R.

1984-01-01

The Echo 6 sounding rocket payload was flown on a Terrier boosted Black Brant vehicle on March 30, 1983. The experiment requirements resulted in the new design of a rocket propelled Throw Away Detector System (TADS) with onboard Doppler radar, a free-flyer forward experiment designated the Plasma Diagnostic Package (PDP), and numerous other basic systems. The design, developmental testing, and flight preparations of the payload and the mechanical deployment systems are described.

Participant Satisfaction with a Food Benefit Program with Restrictions and Incentives.

PubMed

Rydell, Sarah A; Turner, Rachael M; Lasswell, Tessa A; French, Simone A; Oakes, J Michael; Elbel, Brian; Harnack, Lisa J

2018-02-01

Policy makers are considering changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Proposed changes include financially incentivizing the purchase of healthier foods and prohibiting the use of funds for purchasing foods high in added sugars. SNAP participant perspectives may be useful in understanding the consequences of these proposed changes. To determine whether food restrictions and/or incentives are acceptable to food benefit program participants. Data were collected as part of an experimental trial in which lower-income adults were randomly assigned to one of four financial food benefit conditions: (1) Incentive: 30% financial incentive on eligible fruits and vegetables purchased using food benefits; (2) Restriction: not allowed to buy sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet baked goods, or candies with food benefits; (3) Incentive plus Restriction; or (4) Control: no incentive/restriction. Participants completed closed- and open-ended questions about their perceptions on completion of the 12-week program. Adults eligible or nearly eligible for SNAP were recruited between 2013 and 2015 by means of events or flyers in the Minneapolis/St Paul, MN, metropolitan area. Of the 279 individuals who completed baseline measures, 265 completed follow-up measures and are included in these analyses. χ 2 analyses were conducted to assess differences in program satisfaction. Responses to open-ended questions were qualitatively analyzed using principles of content analysis. There were no statistically significant or meaningful differences between experimental groups in satisfaction with the program elements evaluated in the study. Most participants in all conditions found the food program helpful in buying nutritious foods (94.1% to 98.5%) and in buying the kinds of foods they wanted (85.9% to 95.6%). Qualitative data suggested that most were supportive of restrictions, although a few were dissatisfied. Participants were uniformly supportive of incentives. Findings suggest a food benefit program that includes incentives for purchasing fruits and vegetables and/or restrictions on the use of program funds for purchasing foods high in added sugars appears to be acceptable to most participants. Copyright © 2018 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Impact of Eclipse of 21 August 2017 ON the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knupp, K.

2017-12-01

The (total) solar eclipse of 21 August 2017 presents a prodigious opportunity to improve our understanding of the physical response of decreases in turbulence within the ABL produced by a rapid reduction in solar radiation, since the transition in this eclipse case, close to local solar noon, is more rapid than at natural sunset. A mesoscale network of three UAH atmospheric profiling systems will be set up around Clarksville, TN, and Hopkinsville, KY, to document the details of the physical response of the ABL to the rapid decrease in solar radiation. The region offers a heterogeneous surface, including expansive agricultural and forested regions. Data from the following mobile systems will be examined: Mobile Integrated Profiling System (MIPS) with a 915 MHz Doppler wind profiler, X-band Profiling Radar (XPR), Microwave Profiling Radiometer (MPR), lidar ceilometer, and Doppler mini-sodar, Rapidly Deployable Atmospheric Profiling System (RaDAPS) with a 915 MHz Doppler wind profiler, MPR, lidar ceilometer, Doppler mini-sodar, Mobile Doppler Lidar and Sounding system (MoDLS) with a Doppler Wind Lidar and MPR. A tethered balloon will provide high temporal and vertical resolution in situ sampling of the surface layer temperature and humidity vertical profiles over the lowest 120 m AGL. Two of the profiling systems (MIPS and MoDLS) will include 20 Hz sonic anemometer measurements for documentation of velocity component (u, v, w) variance, buoyancy flux, and momentum flux. The Mobile Alabama X-band (MAX) dual polarization radar will be paired with the Ft. Campbell WSR-88D radar, located 29 km east of the MAX, to provide dual Doppler radar coverage of flow within the ABL over the profiler domain. The measurements during this eclipse will also provide information on the response of insects to rapidly changing lighting conditions. During the natural afternoon-to-evening transition, daytime insect concentrations decrease rapidly, and stronger-flying nighttime flyers emerge rapidly following sunset. We hypothesize that a similar transition will occur on a limited basis: nighttime flyers will emerge, but the daytime flyers will not rapidly disappear due to the short time scale of the darkness. This insect transition will be measured with the radar wind profilers and the MAX and WSR-88D dual polarization radars.

Working Together to Connect Care: a metropolitan tertiary emergency department and community care program.

PubMed

Harcourt, Debra; McDonald, Clancy; Cartlidge-Gann, Leonie; Burke, John

2017-03-02

Objective Frequent attendance by people to an emergency department (ED) is a global concern. A collaborative partnership between an ED and the primary and community healthcare sectors has the potential to improve care for the person who frequently attends the ED. The aims of the Working Together to Connect Care program are to decrease the number of presentations by providing focused community support and to integrate all healthcare services with the goal of achieving positive, patient-centred and directed outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis of ED data for 2014 and 2015 was used to ascertain the characteristics of the potential program cohort. The definition used to identify a 'frequent attendee' was more than four presentations to an ED in 1 month. This analysis was used to develop the processes now known as the Working Together to Connect Care program. This program includes participant identification by applying the definition, flagging of potential participants in the ED IT system, case review and referral to community services by ED staff, case conferencing facilitated within the ED and individualised, patient centred case management provided by government and non-government community services. Results Two months after the date of commencement of the Working Together to Connect Care program there are 31 active participants in the program: 10 are on the Mental Health pathway, and one is on the No Consent pathway. On average there are three people recruited to the program every week. The establishment of a new program for supporting frequent attendees of an ED has had its challenges. Identifying systems that support people in their community has been an early positive outcome of this project. Conclusion It is expected that data regarding the number of ED presentations, potential fiscal savings and client outcomes will be available in 2017. What is known about the topic? Frequent attendance at EDs is a global issue and although the number of 'super users' is small compared with non-frequent users, the presentations are high. People in the frequent attendee group will often seek care from multiple EDs for, in the main, mental health issues and substance abuse. Furthermore, frequent ED users are vulnerable and experience higher mortality, hospital admissions and out-patient visits than non-frequent users. Aggressive and assertive outreach, intense coordination of services by integrated care teams, and the need for non-medical resources, such as supportive housing, have positive outcomes for this group of people. What does this paper add? This study uses international research findings in an Australian setting to provide a testing of the generalisability of an assertive and collaborative ED and community case management approach for supporting people who frequent a metropolitan ED. What are the implications for practitioners? The chronicling of a process undertaken to affect change in a health care setting supports practitioners when developing processes for this cohort across different ED contexts.

Floating vs flying: A propulsion energy comparison

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marbury, F.

1975-01-01

Floating craft are compared to those that fly. Drag/weight for floaters is shown to be proportional to v squared/L, while for flyers it is independent of size and speed. The transportation market will therefore assign airships to lower speeds than airplanes, and will favor large airship sizes. Drag of an airship is shown to be only 11 percent of submarine drag at equal displacement and speed, raising the possibility that airships can compete with some types of ships.

An economy of scale system's mensuration of large spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deryder, L. J.

1981-01-01

The systems technology and cost particulars of using multipurpose platforms versus several sizes of bus type free flyer spacecraft to accomplish the same space experiment missions. Computer models of these spacecraft bus designs were created to obtain data relative to size, weight, power, performance, and cost. To answer the question of whether or not large scale does produce economy, the dominant cost factors were determined and the programmatic effect on individual experiment costs were evaluated.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martz, Joseph Christopher; Spearing, Dane Robert; Labouriau, Andrea

Microclad is a composite material consisting of a thin copper coating applied on a single side over a Kapton substrate. Kapton is the commercial designator for polyimide supplied by DuPont. Microclad is a key material in detonator manufacture and function. Detonators which utilize Microclad function when a large current applied through a thin bridge etched into the copper produces a plasma, accelerating a Kapton flyer into an explosive (PETN) pellet. The geometry and properties of the Microclad are a critical element of this process.

Planned Axial Reorientation Investigation on Sloshsat

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chato, David J.

2000-01-01

This paper details the design and logic of an experimental investigation to study axial reorientation in low gravity. The Sloshsat free-flyer is described. The planned axial reorientation experiments and test matrixes are presented. Existing analytical tools are discussed. Estimates for settling range from 64 to 1127 seconds. The planned experiments are modelled using computational fluid dynamics. These models show promise in reducing settling estimates and demonstrate the ability of pulsed high thrust settling to emulate lower thrust continuous firing.

Grasping rigid objects in zero-g

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, Greg D.

1993-12-01

The extra vehicular activity helper/retriever (EVAHR) is a prototype for an autonomous free- flying robotic astronaut helper. The ability to grasp a moving object is a fundamental skill required for any autonomous free-flyer. This paper discusses an algorithm that couples resolved acceleration control with potential field based obstacle avoidance to enable a manipulator to track and capture a rigid object in (imperfect) zero-g while avoiding joint limits, singular configurations, and unintentional impacts between the manipulator and the environment.

America’s Black Air Pioneers, 1900-1939

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

28 October 1911, p. 11. 22Barbour, "Early Black Flyers," 98; Elizabeth Ross Haynes, The Black Boy of Atlanta[: A Bioqraphy of Richard Robert Wright...event in 1911 (see above). By the late 1930s Wright had moved to Philadelphia and was a successful banker; see Haynes, Black Boy of Atlanta, pp. 157-58...Haynes, Elizabeth Ross. The Black Boy of Atlanta[: A Biography of Richard Robert Wright, Sr.]. Boston: House of Edinboro, 1952. Hopkins, George E

KSC-06pd0245

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility runway, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, piloted by Steve Fossett, begins its takeoff. Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd0248

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - From NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility runway, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, piloted by Steve Fossett, is airborne. Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd0246

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility runway, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, piloted by Steve Fossett, begins its takeoff. Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd0247

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility runway, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, piloted by Steve Fossett, lifts off the ground. Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Evolving technologies for Space Station Freedom computer-based workstations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jensen, Dean G.; Rudisill, Marianne

1990-01-01

Viewgraphs on evolving technologies for Space Station Freedom computer-based workstations are presented. The human-computer computer software environment modules are described. The following topics are addressed: command and control workstation concept; cupola workstation concept; Japanese experiment module RMS workstation concept; remote devices controlled from workstations; orbital maneuvering vehicle free flyer; remote manipulator system; Japanese experiment module exposed facility; Japanese experiment module small fine arm; flight telerobotic servicer; human-computer interaction; and workstation/robotics related activities.

Wing-wake interaction destabilizes hover equilibrium of a flapping insect-scale wing.

PubMed

Bluman, James; Kang, Chang-Kwon

2017-06-15

Wing-wake interaction is a characteristic nonlinear flow feature that can enhance unsteady lift in flapping flight. However, the effects of wing-wake interaction on the flight dynamics of hover are inadequately understood. We use a well-validated 2D Navier-Stokes equation solver and a quasi-steady model to investigate the role of wing-wake interaction on the hover stability of a fruit fly scale flapping flyer. The Navier-Stokes equations capture wing-wake interaction, whereas the quasi-steady models do not. Both aerodynamic models are tightly coupled to a flight dynamic model, which includes the effects of wing mass. The flapping amplitude, stroke plane angle, and flapping offset angle are adjusted in free flight for various wing rotations to achieve hover equilibrium. We present stability results for 152 simulations which consider different kinematics involving the pitch amplitude and pitch axis as well as the duration and timing of pitch rotation. The stability of all studied motions was qualitatively similar, with an unstable oscillatory mode present in each case. Wing-wake interaction has a destabilizing effect on the longitudinal stability, which cannot be predicted by a quasi-steady model. Wing-wake interaction increases the tendency of the flapping flyer to pitch up in the presence of a horizontal velocity perturbation, which further destabilizes the unstable oscillatory mode of hovering flight dynamics.

SPHERES and Astrobee: Space Station Robotic Free Flyers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benavides, Jose V.

2017-01-01

Free-flying space robots can be used when humans are present to off-load routine work, to increase astronaut productivity, and to handle contingencies. The International Space Station (ISS), for example, is a continuously manned orbital laboratory the size of a large house, which contains many thousands of inventory items and hundreds of diverse payloads and experiments - all of which have to be managed by 6 person crew. To help with this, NASA is developing and testing robotic free-flyers on the ISS. SPHERES (Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites) is an ISS facility with three nano-satellites designed to research estimation, control, and autonomy algorithms. SPHERES are volleyball-sized, have their own power, propulsion and navigation systems, and work on the ISS under astronaut supervision. For more than 10 years, NASA has made SPHERES available to other U.S. government agencies, schools, commercial companies and students as a platform for science, technology development, and education. SPHERES will soon be succeeded by the new Astrobee free-flying robot. Astrobee builds on the success of SPHERES, but in addition to research, the robot will also be used for housekeeping and monitoring duties without astronaut supervision. Astrobee makes extensive use of open-source (the complete software stack is available on GitHub) and is scheduled to be installed on the ISS in late Spring 2018.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Wei-long; Bassett, Will P.; Christensen, James M.

The emission lifetimes of rhodamine 6G (R6G), were measured under shock compression to 9.1 GPa, with the dual intent of better understanding molecular photophysics in extreme environments and assessing the usefulness of fluorescence lifetime microscopy to measure spatially-dependent pressure distributions in shocked microstructured media. R6G was studied as free dye dissolved in poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), or dye encapsulated in silica microparticles suspended in PMMA. Thin layers of these materials in impedance-matched geometries were subjected to planar single-stage shocks created by laser-driven flyer plates. A synchronized femtosecond laser excited the dye at selected times relative to flyer plate arrival and themore » emission lifetimes were measured with a streak camera. Lifetimes decreased when shocks arrived. The lifetime decrease was attributed to a shock-induced enhancement of R6G nonradiative relaxation. At least part of the relaxation involved shock-enhanced intersystem crossing. For free dye in PMMA, the lifetime decrease during the shock was shown to be a linear function of shock pressure from 0-9 GPa, with a slope of -0.22 ns·GPa -1. Furthermore, the linear relationship makes it simple to convert lifetimes into pressures. Lifetime measurements in shocked microenvironments may be better than emission intensity measurements, since lifetimes are sensitive to the surrounding environment, but insensitive to intensity variations associated with the motion and optical properties of a dynamically changing structure.« less

Wing kinematics and flexibility for optimal manoeuvring and escape

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, Jaime Gustav

Understanding how animals control the dynamic stall vortices in their wake is critical to developing micro-aerial vehicles and autonomous underwater vehicles, not to mention wind turbines, delta wings, and rotor craft that undergo similar dynamic stall processes. Applying this knowledge to biomimetic engineering problems requires progress in three areas: (i) understanding the flow physics of natural swimmers and flyers; (ii) developing flow measurement techniques to resolve this physics; and (iii) deriving low-cost models suitable for studying the vast parameter space observed in nature. This body of work, which consists of five research chapters, focuses on the leading-edge vortex (LEV) that forms on profiles undergoing rapid manoeuvres, delta wings, and similar devices. Lagrangian particle tracking is used throughout this thesis to track the mass and circulation transport in the LEV on manoeuvring profiles. The growth and development of the LEV is studied in relation to: flapping and plunging profile kinematics; spanwise flow from profile sweep and spanwise profile bending; and varying the angle-of-attack gradient along the profile span. Finally, scaling relationships derived from the observations above are used to develop a low-cost model for LEV growth, that is validated on a flat-plate delta wing. Together these results contribute to each of the three topics identified above, as a step towards developing robust, agile biomimetic swimmers and flyers.

Animal Research in Space: Past, Present, and Future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Souza, Kenneth; Sun, Sidney; Tomko, David

Animals, principally non-human primates, were the early pioneers of spaceflight demonstrating that higher organisms could survive the rigors of launch to low earth orbit and the unique microgravity and radiation environment of orbital spaceflight. Following dispelling the fears that spaceflight could cause major disruptions in key body systems, non-human primates gave way to rodent research, particularly rats, in order to increase the number of specimens per flight opportunity, reduce the cost of support equipment, and to focus on how animals adapt to the near absence of gravity. In the virtual absence of gravity, changes were observed in the musculoskeletal system, sensorimotor, cardiovascular, and other systems. To accommodate rodents during spaceflight special facilities had to be developed for both crewed and unscrewed space vehicles. e.g. the Space Shuttle, and free flyers like the Russian Cosmos biosatellites, respectively. With a crew onboard, scientists have the opportunity to use them to obtain samples from the animals, measure physiological function, observe and record animal behavior, and administer drugs or challenges. However, on free flyers one can utilize materials and techniques not possible on crewed spacecraft due to safety, cost, and/or flight resources or competing priorities. This presentation will provide a brief glimpse of some of the highlights in the history of animal research in space, recent results, and current prospects for the next decade, i.e., flight opportunities, rodent habitats, and support equipment for rodent research.

STS-72 Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV-105), crew insignia

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-05-01

STS072-S-001 (May 1995) --- The crew patch of STS-72 depicts the space shuttle Endeavour and some of the payloads on the flight. The Japanese satellite, Space Flyer Unit (SFU) is shown in a free-flying configuration with the solar array panels deployed. The inner gold border of the patch represents the SFU's distinct octagonal shape. Endeavour will rendezvous with and retrieve SFU at an altitude of approximately 250 nautical miles. The Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology's (OAST) flyer satellite is shown just after release from the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The OAST satellite will be deployed at an altitude of 165 nautical miles to fly free for two days gathering scientific data. The payload bay contains equipment for the secondary payloads - the Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA) and the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument (SSBUI). There are two spacewalks planned to test hardware for assembly of the International Space Station. The stars represent the hometowns of the crew members in the United States and Japan. The NASA insignia design for space shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the forms of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which is not anticipated, the change will be publicly announced. Photo credit: NASA

Antibiotic Policies and Utilization in Oregon Hospice Programs.

PubMed

Novak, Rachel L; Noble, Brie N; Fromme, Erik K; Tice, Michael O; McGregor, Jessina C; Furuno, Jon P

2016-09-01

Antibiotics are frequently used in hospice care, despite limited data on safety and effectiveness in this patient population. We surveyed Oregon hospice programs on antibiotic policies and prescribing practices. Among 39 responding hospice programs, the median reported proportion of current census using antibiotics was 10% (interquartile range = 3.5%-20.0%). Approximately 31% of responding hospice programs had policies for antibiotic initiation, 17% of hospice programs had policies for antibiotic discontinuation, and 95% of hospice programs had policies for managing drug interactions. Diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and yeast infections were the most frequently reported antibiotic-associated adverse events, occurring "sometimes" or "often" among 62%, 47%, and 62% of respondents, respectively. In conclusion, less than a third of participating hospice programs reported having a policy for antibiotic initiation and even less frequently a policy for discontinuation. More data are needed on the risks and benefits of antibiotic use in hospice care to inform these policies and optimize outcomes in this vulnerable patient population. © The Author(s) 2015.

Experimental investigations of interaction of an air-droplet-crystal flow with a solid body in the problem of a flyer icing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kashevarov, Alexey V.; Miller, Alexey B.; Potapov, Yuriy F.; Stasenko, Albert L.; Zhbanov, Vladimir A.

2018-05-01

An experimental facility for modeling of icing processes in various conditions (supercooled droplets, ice crystals and mixed-phase) is described and experimental results are presented. Some methods of icing processes characterization with non-dimensional coefficients are suggested. Theoretical model of a liquid film dynamics, mass and heat transfer during its movement on the model surface is presented. The numerical calculations of liquid film freezing and run-back ice evolution on the surface are performed.

A Fully Integrated Micro-Magnometer/Microspacecraft for Multipoint Measurements: The Free-Flyer Magnometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldstein, R.; Miller, L. N.; Fossum, E.; Pain, B.; Randolph, J. E.; Turner, P. R.; Cutting, E.

1995-01-01

In the decades since the advent of in situ plasma measurements on board spacecraft, the instrumentation has grown bigger, heavier, and more complex as our understanding of space plasmas improves and our appetite for more information increases...There has thus been a recent interest in the miniaturization of both spacecraft and the instrument payload... This paper describes the results and status of an ongoing design study to understand the problems and trade space of fully integrating an instrument into a micro-spacecraft.

Microgravity human factors workstation development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitmore, Mihriban; Wilmington, Robert P.; Morris, Randy B.; Jensen, Dean G.

1992-01-01

Microgravity evaluations of workstation hardware as well as its system components were found to be very useful for determining the expected needs of the Space Station crew and for refining overall workstation design. Research at the Johnson Space Center has been carried out to provide optimal workstation design and human interface. The research included evaluations of hand controller configurations for robots and free flyers, the identification of cursor control device requirements, and the examination of anthropometric issues of workstation design such as reach, viewing distance, and head clearance.

76 FR 60933 - Notice of Permit Application Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

...Notice is hereby given that the National Science Foundation (NSF) has received a waste management permit application for a flight by a Beechcraft Queen Air 65 ``Excaliber'' to depart Punta Arenas, Chile, fly over the South Pole, land at Teniente Marsh Base (Frei Base) where it will overnight, and return to Punta Arenas, Chile. The application is submitted by World Flyers of Buena Vista, CO and submitted to NSF pursuant to regulations issued under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978.

76 FR 60933 - Antarctic Conservation Act Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

...Notice is hereby given that the National Science Foundation (NSF) has received a waste management permit application for a flight by a Beechcraft Queen Air 65 ``Excaliber'' to depart Punta Arenas, Chile, fly over the South Pole, land at Teniente Marsh Base (Frei Base) where it will overnight, and return to Punta Arenas, Chile. The application is submitted by World Flyers of Buena Vista, CO and submitted to NSF pursuant to regulations issued under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978.

2005 40th Annual Armament Systems: Guns - Ammunition - Rockets - Missiles Conference and Exhibition. Volume 3: Wednesday

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-28

Lessons Learned, Mr. David F. Fair, US Army ARDEC Propellant Replacement for the 105-mm M67 Propelling Charge, Ms. Adriana L. Eng, US Army ARDEC Lead...Application of Lessons Learned Mr. David F. Fair, US Army ARDEC Propellant Replacement for the 105-mm Artillery Propelling Charge Ms. Adriana L. Eng...high voltage power supply (several kV and kA ) • Solid state Switching device • Appropriate dimensions en properties of: • Exploding foil • Flyer

KSC-06pd0249

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - With little runway to spare, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, piloted by Steve Fossett, is airborne from NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd0254

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility runway, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, piloted by Steve Fossett, begins its takeoff as a nearby helicopter films the historic event for audiences in the United Kingdom. Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8.

KSC-06pd0253

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility runway, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, piloted by Steve Fossett, begins its takeoff as a nearby helicopter films the event for audiences in the United Kingdom. Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8.

Modification of the Gurney Equation for Explosive Bonding by Slanted Elevation Angle

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

researching high temperature fatigue behaviour and modelling of ferritic pressure vessel steel , for which he was awarded the degree at the University of...weld metal solidification cracking in steels and stainless steels . He has also undertaken extensive work on improving the weld zone toughness of high... steel (2.0) 15 2.4 16 300 x300 1: S defines ‘Superaustenitic’. The flyer plate was placed on the top of the bottom plate for each test with

Japan and the Soviet Threat: Perceptions and Reactions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

s...nce the late 1970’s. This _training cannot but help elevate the defense readiness posture of Japan and based on the scenarios being exercised , the...supersonic low flyers, can be easily jammed, and are virtually unprotected (as are Japan’s air bases ). Though work is underway to improve BADGE, it will...opposition to Japanese plans in East Asia, Japan moved to improve its position by concluding a Neutrality Pact with le. .the USSR (1941). .5 The Soviets

Nineteenth International Microgravity Measurements Group Meeting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeLombard, Richard (Compiler)

2000-01-01

The Microgravity Measurements Group meetings provide a forum for an exchange of information and ideas about various aspects of microgravity acceleration research in international microgravity research programs. These meetings are sponsored by the PI Microgravity Services (PIMS) project at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The 19th MGMG meeting was held 11-13 July 2000 at the Sheraton Airport Hotel in Cleveland, Ohio. The 44 attendees represented NASA, other space agencies, universities, and commercial companies; 8 of the attendees were international representatives from Japan, Italy, Canada, Russia, and Germany. Twenty-seven presentations were made on a variety of microgravity environment topics including the International Space Station (ISS), acceleration measurement and analysis results, science effects from microgravity accelerations, vibration isolation, free flyer satellites, ground testing, vehicle characterization, and microgravity outreach and education. The meeting participants also toured three microgravity-related facilities at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Contained within the minutes is the conference agenda, which indicates each speaker, the title of their presentation, and the actual time of their presentation. The minutes also include the charts for each presentation, which indicate the authors' name(s) and affiliation. In some cases, a separate written report was submitted and has been Included here

Proceedings of the Twentieth International Microgravity Measurements Group Meeting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeLombard, Richard (Compiler)

2001-01-01

The International Microgravity Measurements Group annual meetings provide a forum for an exchange of information and ideas about various aspects of microgravity acceleration research in international microgravity research programs. These meetings are sponsored by the PI Microgravity Services (PIMS) project at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The twentieth MGMG meeting was held 7-9 August 2001 at the Hilton Garden Inn Hotel in Cleveland, Ohio. The 35 attendees represented NASA, other space agencies, universities, and commercial companies; eight of the attendees were international representatives from Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Russia. Seventeen presentations were made on a variety of microgravity environment topics including the International Space Station (ISS), acceleration measurement and analysis results, science effects from microgravity accelerations, vibration isolation, free flyer satellites, ground testing, and microgravity outreach. Two working sessions were included in which a demonstration of ISS acceleration data processing and analyses were performed with audience participation. Contained within the minutes is the conference agenda which indicates each speaker, the title of their presentation, and the actual time of their presentation. The minutes also include the charts for each presentation which indicate the author's name(s) and affiliation. In some cases, a separate written report was submitted and has been included here.

Ground effects on the stability of separated flow around an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Wei; Yu, Peng; Li, Larry K. B.

2017-11-01

We perform a BiGlobal stability analysis on the separated flow around a NACA 4415 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers (Re = 300 - 1000) and a high angle of attack α =20° with a focus on the effect of the airfoil's proximity to a moving ground. The results show that the most dominant perturbation is the Kelvin-Helmholtz mode and that this traveling mode becomes less unstable as the airfoil approaches the ground, although this stabilizing effect diminishes with increasing Reynolds number. By performing a Floquet analysis, we find that this ground effect can also stabilize secondary instabilities. This numerical-theoretical study shows that the ground can have a significant influence on the stability of separated flow around an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers, which could have implications for the design of micro aerial vehicles and for the understanding of natural flyers such as insects and birds. This work was supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (Project No. 16235716 and 26202815) and the Special Program for Applied Research on Super Computation of the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund (the second phase) under Grant No.U1501501.

Community and family perspectives on addressing overweight in urban, African-American youth.

PubMed

Burnet, Deborah L; Plaut, Andrea J; Ossowski, Kathryn; Ahmad, Afshan; Quinn, Michael T; Radovick, Sally; Gorawara-Bhat, Rita; Chin, Marshall H

2008-02-01

To assess weight-related beliefs and concerns of overweight urban, African-American children, their parents, and community leaders before developing a family-based intervention to reduce childhood overweight and diabetes risk. We conducted 13 focus groups with overweight children and their parents and eight semistructured interviews with community leaders. Focus group participants (N = 67) from Chicago's South Side were recruited through flyers in community sites. Interview participants (N = 9) were recruited to sample perspectives from health, fitness, education, civics, and faith leaders. Community leaders felt awareness was higher for acute health conditions than for obesity. Parents were concerned about their children's health, but felt stressed by competing priorities and constrained by lack of knowledge, parenting skills, time, and financial resources. Parents defined overweight in functional terms, whereas children relied upon physical appearances. Children perceived negative social consequences of overweight. Parents and children expressed interest in family-based interventions to improve nutrition and physical activity and offered suggestions for making programs interesting. This study provides insights into the perspectives of urban, African-American overweight children, their parents, and community leaders regarding nutrition and physical activity. The specific beliefs of these respondents can become potential leverage points in interventions.

Free Flyer Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) and Climate Services Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cahalan, R.; Pilewskie, P.; Woods, T.

2012-01-01

NOAA's planned Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) mission will fly along with the NOAA user service payloads Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT). In ' order to guarantee continuity in the 33-year solar irradiance climate data record, TSIS must be launched in time to overlap with current on-orbit solar irradiance instruments. Currently TSIS is moving towards a launch rcadinss date of January 2015. TSIS provides for continuation of the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) and the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) ,currently onboard NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) platform, launched in January 2003. The difficulty of ensuring continuity has increased due to the launch failure of NASA's Glory mission with its improved TIM. Achieving the needed overlap must now rely on extending SORCE. and maintaining the TSIS schedule. TSIS is one component of a NASA-NOAA joint program (JPSS) planned to transition certain climate observations to operational mode. We summarize issues of continuity, improvements being made to the TIM and 81M sensors, and plans to provide for traceability of total and spectral irradiance measurements to ground-based cryogenic standards.

Shock-induced mechanochemistry in heterogeneous reactive powder mixtures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzales, Manny; Gurumurthy, Ashok; Kennedy, Gregory; Neel, Christopher; Gokhale, Arun; Thadhani, Naresh

The bulk response of compacted powder mixtures subjected to high-strain-rate loading conditions in various configurations is manifested from behavior at the meso-scale. Simulations at the meso-scale can provide an additional confirmation of the possible origins of the observed response. This work investigates the bulk dynamic response of Ti +B +Al reactive powder mixtures under two extreme loading configurations - uniaxial stress and strain loading - leveraging highly-resolved in-situ measurements and meso-scale simulations. Modified rod-on-anvil impact tests on a reactive pellet demonstrate an optimized stoichiometry promoting reaction in Ti +B +Al. Encapsulated powders subjected to shock compression via flyer plate tests provide possible evidence of a shock-induced reaction at high pressures. Meso-scale simulations of the direct experimental configurations employing highly-resolved microstructural features of the Ti +B compacted mixture show complex inhomogeneous deformation responses and reveal the importance of meso-scale features such as particle size and morphology and their effects on the measured response. Funding is generously provided by DTRA through Grant No. HDTRA1-10-1-0038 (Dr. Su Peiris - Program Manager) and by the SMART (AFRL Wright Patterson AFB) and NDSEG fellowships (High Performance Computing and Modernization Office).

A general higher-order remap algorithm for ALE calculations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chiravalle, Vincent P

2011-01-05

A numerical technique for solving the equations of fluid dynamics with arbitrary mesh motion is presented. The three phases of the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) methodology are outlined: the Lagrangian phase, grid relaxation phase and remap phase. The Lagrangian phase follows a well known approach from the HEMP code; in addition the strain rate andflow divergence are calculated in a consistent manner according to Margolin. A donor cell method from the SALE code forms the basis of the remap step, but unlike SALE a higher order correction based on monotone gradients is also added to the remap. Four test problemsmore » were explored to evaluate the fidelity of these numerical techniques, as implemented in a simple test code, written in the C programming language, called Cercion. Novel cell-centered data structures are used in Cercion to reduce the complexity of the programming and maximize the efficiency of memory usage. The locations of the shock and contact discontinuity in the Riemann shock tube problem are well captured. Cercion demonstrates a high degree of symmetry when calculating the Sedov blast wave solution, with a peak density at the shock front that is similar to the value determined by the RAGE code. For a flyer plate test problem both Cercion and FLAG give virtually the same velocity temporal profile at the target-vacuum interface. When calculating a cylindrical implosion of a steel shell, Cercion and FLAG agree well and the Cercion results are insensitive to the use of ALE.« less

Evolution of Flexible Multibody Dynamics for Simulation Applications Supporting Human Spaceflight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huynh, An; Brain, Thomas A.; MacLean, John R.; Quiocho, Leslie J.

2016-01-01

During the course of transition from the Space Shuttle and International Space Station programs to the Orion and Journey to Mars exploration programs, a generic flexible multibody dynamics formulation and associated software implementation has evolved to meet an ever changing set of requirements at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). Challenging problems related to large transitional topologies and robotic free-flyer vehicle capture/ release, contact dynamics, and exploration missions concept evaluation through simulation (e.g., asteroid surface operations) have driven this continued development. Coupled with this need is the requirement to oftentimes support human spaceflight operations in real-time. Moreover, it has been desirable to allow even more rapid prototyping of on-orbit manipulator and spacecraft systems, to support less complex infrastructure software for massively integrated simulations, to yield further computational efficiencies, and to take advantage of recent advances and availability of multi-core computing platforms. Since engineering analysis, procedures development, and crew familiarity/training for human spaceflight is fundamental to JSC's charter, there is also a strong desire to share and reuse models in both the non-realtime and real-time domains, with the goal of retaining as much multibody dynamics fidelity as possible. Three specific enhancements are reviewed here: (1) linked list organization to address large transitional topologies, (2) body level model order reduction, and (3) parallel formulation/implementation. This paper provides a detailed overview of these primary updates to JSC's flexible multibody dynamics algorithms as well as a comparison of numerical results to previous formulations and associated software.

Spacecraft computer technology at Southwest Research Institute

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shirley, D. J.

1993-01-01

Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has developed and delivered spacecraft computers for a number of different near-Earth-orbit spacecraft including shuttle experiments and SDIO free-flyer experiments. We describe the evolution of the basic SwRI spacecraft computer design from those weighing in at 20 to 25 lb and using 20 to 30 W to newer models weighing less than 5 lb and using only about 5 W, yet delivering twice the processing throughput. Because of their reduced size, weight, and power, these newer designs are especially applicable to planetary instrument requirements. The basis of our design evolution has been the availability of more powerful processor chip sets and the development of higher density packaging technology, coupled with more aggressive design strategies in incorporating high-density FPGA technology and use of high-density memory chips. In addition to reductions in size, weight, and power, the newer designs also address the necessity of survival in the harsh radiation environment of space. Spurred by participation in such programs as MSTI, LACE, RME, Delta 181, Delta Star, and RADARSAT, our designs have evolved in response to program demands to be small, low-powered units, radiation tolerant enough to be suitable for both Earth-orbit microsats and for planetary instruments. Present designs already include MIL-STD-1750 and Multi-Chip Module (MCM) technology with near-term plans to include RISC processors and higher-density MCM's. Long term plans include development of whole-core processors on one or two MCM's.

Development and Use of Mark Sense Record Cards for Recording Medical Data on Pilots Subjected to Acceleration Stress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smedal, Harald A.; Havill, C. Dewey

1962-01-01

A TIME-HONORED system of recording medical histories and the data obtained on physical and laboratory examination has been that of writing the information on record sheets that go into a folder for each patient. In order to have information which would be more readily retrieved, 'a program was initiated in 1952 by the U. S. Naval School of Aviation Medicine in connection with their "Care of the Flyer" study to place this information on machine record cards. In 1958, a machine record card method was developed for recording medical data in connection with the astronaut selection program. Machine record cards were also developed by the Aero Medical Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, and the Aviation Medical Acceleration Laboratory, Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville, Pennsylvania, for use in connection with a variety of tests including acceleration stress.1 Therefore, a variety of systems resulted in which data of a medical nature could easily be recalled. During the NASA, Ames Research Center centrifuge studies/'S the pilot subjects were interviewed after each centrifuge run, or series of runs, and subjective information was recorded in a log book by the usual history taking methods referred to above. After the methods Were reviewed, it' was recognized that a card system would be very useful in recording data from our pilots after they had been exposed to acceleration stress. Since the acceleration stress cards already developed did not meet our requirements, it was decided a different card was needed.

Student artistry sparks eclipse excitement on Maui: NSO/DKIST EPO for the 2016 Partial Solar Eclipse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schad, Thomas A.; Penn, Matthew J.; Armstrong, James

2016-05-01

Local creativity and artistry is a powerful resource that enhances education programs and helps us generate excitement for science within our communities. In celebration of the 2016 Solar Eclipse, the National Solar Observatory (NSO) and its Daniel K Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) project were pleased to engage with students across Maui County, Hawai`i, via the 2016 Maui Eclipse Art Contest. With the help of the Maui Economic Development Board and the University of Hawai'is Institute for Astronomy, we solicited art entries from all K-12 schools in Maui County approximately 6 months prior to the eclipse. Along with divisional prizes, a grand prize was selected by a panel of local judges, which was subsequently printed on 25,000 solar eclipse viewing glasses and distributed to all Maui students. We found that the impact of a locally-sourced glasses design cannot be understated. Overall, the success of this program relied upon reaching out to individual teachers, supplying educational flyers to all schools, and visiting classrooms. On the day of the eclipse, all of the art entries were prominently displayed during a community eclipse viewing event at Kalama Beach Park in Kihei, HI, that was co-hosted by NSO and the Maui Science Center. This eclipse art contest was integral to making local connections to help promote science education on Maui, and we suggest that it could be adapted to the solar community's EPO activities for the upcoming 2017 Great American Solar Eclipse.

Country watch: Malawi.

PubMed

Knox, G

1995-01-01

The Drought Network for information sharing eventually led to the establishment of the more formal Southern Region AIDS Network (SORAN) where representatives from government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) focused on awareness raising, lobbying, and advocacy. As an initial step towards networking on HIV/AIDS issues, a festival was organized in Blantyre on December 4, 1993, by NGOs, private companies, church groups, school children, and volunteers to bring about behavior change. About 2000 people gathered to listen to music, learn about HIV transmission through drama group presentations, watch videos with HIV/STD prevention messages, and learn about proper condom use. The participants officially established SORAN in February 1994 to act as a coordinating body for organizations working in prevention and care for HIV/STD-infected persons and their families. Network activities endeavored: to assist organizations interested in developing HIV/AIDS programs and activities; to encourage the business communities to participate in multisectoral coordination and to help channel funds from them to HIV/AIDS programs; to act as a resource center for information about HIV/AIDS; and to lobby among politicians as well as traditional local and religious leaders. When the first multi-party parliamentary election approached in May 1994, SORAN challenged representatives of 7 political parties and a women's organization to speak out publicly on what they envisioned doing about HIV/AIDS. The Grand Walk was also organized by SORAN members representing the Catholic Episcopal Conference of Malawi, the Protestant Blantyre Synod, a local brewery, and UNICEF. About 500 walkers received support from passersby. 70% were school children 10-18 years old who sang AIDS awareness songs and passed out flyers. Three months later the National AIDS Program's Big Walk for AIDS, following a National AIDS Crisis Conference, signaled the government's public recognition of the need for a multisectoral approach to combatting HIV/AIDS.

Folate supplementation to prevent birth abnormalities: evaluating a community-based participatory action plan for refugees and migrant workers on the Thailand-Myanmar border.

PubMed

Stevens, A; Gilder, M E; Moo, P; Hashmi, A; Toe, S E T; Doh, B B; Nosten, S; Chotivanich, K; Somerset, Shawn; McGready, Rose

2018-06-20

Preconception folic acid (PFA) taken at least 3 months before conception can decrease the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) by approximately 46%. NTDs contribute significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality in migrant and refugee populations on the Thailand-Myanmar border (incidence 1.57/1000 live births). This audit aimed to assess uptake of PFA among migrant and refugee women, evaluate knowledge about PFA among local healthcare workers and implement a participatory community intervention to increase PFA uptake and decrease NTD incidence in this population. A mixed-methods baseline evaluation was followed by an intervention involving health worker education and a community outreach program. A follow-up audit was performed 18 months post-intervention. Data were gathered via surveys, short interviews and focus group discussions. The intervention program included community-based workshops, production and distribution of printed flyers and posters, and outreach to various local organisations. Uptake of PFA was <2% both before and after the intervention. Despite a substantial increase in local healthcare worker knowledge of PFA, no significant improvement in PFA uptake after the intervention was detected. Most pregnancies in this local community sample were reported to be unplanned. High rates of NTDs with low PFA uptake remains a major public health challenge in this transient population. Results indicate that improved health worker knowledge alone is not sufficient to enhance PFA uptake in this population. Integration of PFA education within expanded family planning programs and broad-based food fortification may be more effective. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Recruitment and enrollment of African Americans into health promoting programs: the effects of health promoting programs on cardiovascular disease risk study.

PubMed

Okhomina, Victoria I; Seals, Samantha R; Marshall, Gailen D

2018-04-03

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) often employ multiple recruitment methods to attract participants, however, special care must be taken to be inclusive of under-represented populations. We examine how recruiting from an existing observational study affected the recruitment of African Americans into a RCT that included yoga-based interventions. In particular, we report the recruitment success of The Effects of Health Promoting Programs (HPP) on Cardiovascular Disease Risk (NCT02019953), the first yoga-based clinical trial to focus only on African Americans. To recruit participants, a multifaceted recruitment strategy was implemented exclusively in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort. The HPP recruited from the JHS cohort using direct mailings, signs and flyers placed around JHS study facilities, and through JHS annual follow-up interviews. Enrollment into HPP was open to all active JHS participants that were eligible to return for the third clinic exam (n = 4644). The target sample size was 375 JHS participants over a 24 month recruitment and enrollment period. From the active members of the JHS cohort, 503 were pre-screened for eligibility in HPP. More than 90% of those pre-screened were provisionally eligible for the study. The enrollment goal of 375 was completed after a 16-month enrollment period with over 25% (n = 97) of the required sample size enrolling during the second month of recruitment. The findings show that participants in observational studies can be successfully recruited into RCT. Observational studies provide researchers with a well-defined population that may be of interest when designing clinical trials. This is particularly useful in the recruitment of a high-risk, traditionally underrepresented populations for non-pharmacological clinical trials where traditional recruitment methods may prolong enrollment periods and extend study budgets.

Research on viscosity of metal at high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Y.; Liu, F.; Ma, X.; Zhang, M.

2016-11-01

A new experimental technique, the flyer-impact method, is proposed in this article to investigate the viscosity coefficient of shocked metals. In this technique, a shock wave with a sinusoidal perturbation on the front is induced by the sinusoidal profile of the impact surface of the sample by use of a two-stage light-gas gun, and the oscillatory damping process of the perturbation amplitude is monitored by electric pins. The damping processes of aluminum at 78 and 101 GPa and iron at 159 and 103 GPa are obtained by this technique, which supplement the existing data by measuring the viscosity coefficient via a dynamic high-pressure method. Applying the formula of Miller and Ahrens to fit the experimental data, the shear viscosity coefficients of aluminum at 78 and 101 GPa are 1350 ± 500 and 1200 ± 500 Pa s, respectively, and those of iron at 159 and 103 GPa are 1150 ± 1000 and 4800 ± 1000 Pa s, respectively. The values measured by the flyer-impact method, approximately 103 Pa s, are consistent with those measured by Sakharov's method, while still greatly differing from those measured by static high-pressure methods. In dynamic high-pressure experiments, the shear viscosity is related to dislocation motion in the solid material, while that in static high-pressure experiments is related to the diffusion motion of atoms or molecules in liquids. Therefore, there are different physical meanings of shear viscosity in dynamic and static high-pressure experiments, and there is no comparability among these results.

Pathways Intern Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, Evan A.

2015-01-01

During my time at NASA, I worked with the Granular Mechanics and Regolith Organization (GMRO), better known as Swamp Works. The goal of the lab is to find ways to utilize resources found after the astronaut or robot has landed on another planet or asteroid. This concept is known as in-situ resource utilization and it is critical to long term missions such as those to Mars. During my time here I worked on the Asteroid and Lava Tube Free Flyer project (ALTFF). A lava tube, such as the one shown in figure 1, is a long tear drop shaped cavern that is produced when molten lava tunnels through the surrounding rock creating large unground pathways. Before mining for resources on Mars or on asteroids, a sampling mission must be done to scout out useful resource deposits. ALTFF's goal is to provide a low cost, autonomous scout robot that can sample the surface and return to the mother ship or lander for further processing of the samples. The vehicle will be looking for water ice in the regolith that can be processed into either potable water, hydrogen and oxygen fuel, or a binder material for 3D printing. By using a low cost craft to sample, there is much less risk to the more expensive mother ship or lander. While my main task was the construction of a simulation environment to test control code in and the construction of the asteroid free flyer prototype, there were other tasks that I performed relating to the ALTFF project.

Miniaturized Autonomous Extravehicular Robotic Camera (Mini AERCam)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fredrickson, Steven E.

2001-01-01

The NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Engineering Directorate is developing the Autonomous Extravehicular Robotic Camera (AERCam), a low-volume, low-mass free-flying camera system . AERCam project team personnel recently initiated development of a miniaturized version of AERCam known as Mini AERCam. The Mini AERCam target design is a spherical "nanosatellite" free-flyer 7.5 inches in diameter and weighing 1 0 pounds. Mini AERCam is building on the success of the AERCam Sprint STS-87 flight experiment by adding new on-board sensing and processing capabilities while simultaneously reducing volume by 80%. Achieving enhanced capability in a smaller package depends on applying miniaturization technology across virtually all subsystems. Technology innovations being incorporated include micro electromechanical system (MEMS) gyros, "camera-on-a-chip" CMOS imagers, rechargeable xenon gas propulsion system , rechargeable lithium ion battery, custom avionics based on the PowerPC 740 microprocessor, GPS relative navigation, digital radio frequency communications and tracking, micropatch antennas, digital instrumentation, and dense mechanical packaging. The Mini AERCam free-flyer will initially be integrated into an approximate flight-like configuration for demonstration on an airbearing table. A pilot-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop simulation to simulate on-orbit navigation and dynamics will complement the airbearing table demonstration. The Mini AERCam lab demonstration is intended to form the basis for future development of an AERCam flight system that provides beneficial on-orbit views unobtainable from fixed cameras, cameras on robotic manipulators, or cameras carried by EVA crewmembers.

Emission lifetimes of a fluorescent dye under shock compression

DOE PAGES

Liu, Wei-long; Bassett, Will P.; Christensen, James M.; ...

2015-10-15

The emission lifetimes of rhodamine 6G (R6G), were measured under shock compression to 9.1 GPa, with the dual intent of better understanding molecular photophysics in extreme environments and assessing the usefulness of fluorescence lifetime microscopy to measure spatially-dependent pressure distributions in shocked microstructured media. R6G was studied as free dye dissolved in poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), or dye encapsulated in silica microparticles suspended in PMMA. Thin layers of these materials in impedance-matched geometries were subjected to planar single-stage shocks created by laser-driven flyer plates. A synchronized femtosecond laser excited the dye at selected times relative to flyer plate arrival and themore » emission lifetimes were measured with a streak camera. Lifetimes decreased when shocks arrived. The lifetime decrease was attributed to a shock-induced enhancement of R6G nonradiative relaxation. At least part of the relaxation involved shock-enhanced intersystem crossing. For free dye in PMMA, the lifetime decrease during the shock was shown to be a linear function of shock pressure from 0-9 GPa, with a slope of -0.22 ns·GPa -1. Furthermore, the linear relationship makes it simple to convert lifetimes into pressures. Lifetime measurements in shocked microenvironments may be better than emission intensity measurements, since lifetimes are sensitive to the surrounding environment, but insensitive to intensity variations associated with the motion and optical properties of a dynamically changing structure.« less

Insect-Inspired Flight Control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thakoor, Sarita; Stange, G.; Srinivasan, M.; Chahl, Javaan; Hine, Butler; Zornetzer, Steven

2005-01-01

Flight-control and navigation systems inspired by the structure and function of the visual system and brain of insects have been proposed for a class of developmental miniature robotic aircraft called "biomorphic flyers" described earlier in "Development of Biomorphic Flyers" (NPO-30554), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 11 (November 2004), page 54. These form a subset of biomorphic explorers, which, as reported in several articles in past issues of NASA Tech Briefs ["Biomorphic Explorers" (NPO-20142), Vol. 22, No. 9 (September 1998), page 71; "Bio-Inspired Engineering of Exploration Systems" (NPO-21142), Vol. 27, No. 5 (May 2003), page 54; and "Cooperative Lander-Surface/Aerial Microflyer Missions for Mars Exploration" (NPO-30286), Vol. 28, No. 5 (May 2004), page 36], are proposed small robots, equipped with microsensors and communication systems, that would incorporate crucial functions of mobility, adaptability, and even cooperative behavior. These functions are inherent to biological organisms but are challenging frontiers for technical systems. Biomorphic flyers could be used on Earth or remote planets to explore otherwise difficult or impossible to reach sites. An example of an exploratory task of search/surveillance functions currently being tested is to obtain high-resolution aerial imagery, using a variety of miniaturized electronic cameras. The control functions to be implemented by the systems in development include holding altitude, avoiding hazards, following terrain, navigation by reference to recognizable terrain features, stabilization of flight, and smooth landing. Flying insects perform these and other functions remarkably well, even though insect brains contains fewer than 10(exp -4) as many neurons as does the human brain. Although most insects have immobile, fixed-focus eyes and lack stereoscopy (and hence cannot perceive depth directly), they utilize a number of ingenious strategies for perceiving, and navigating in, three dimensions. Despite their lack of stereoscopy, insects infer distances to potential obstacles and other objects from image motion cues that result from their own motions in the environment. The concept of motion of texture in images as a source of motion cues is denoted generally as the concept of optic or optical flow. Computationally, a strategy based on optical flow is simpler than is stereoscopy for avoiding hazards and following terrain. Hence, this strategy offers the potential to design vision-based control computing subsystems that would be more compact, would weigh less, and would demand less power than would subsystems of equivalent capability based on a conventional stereoscopic approach.

Strange Bedfellows in Science Teacher Preparation: Conflicting Perspectives on Social Justice Presented in a Teach for America-University Partnership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNew-Birren, Jill; Hildebrand, Tyra; Belknap, Gabrielle

2018-01-01

Teach For America (TFA), a widespread and well-known route into the teaching profession, frequently partners with university-based education programs to prepare and certify its corps members. However, university-based teacher education programs frequently emphasize very different understandings of socially just education and priorities for…

The effect of a behavioral activation program on improving mental and physical health complaints associated with radiation stress among mothers in Fukushima: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Imamura, Kotaro; Sekiya, Yuki; Asai, Yumi; Umeda, Maki; Horikoshi, Naoko; Yasumura, Seiji; Yabe, Hirooki; Akiyama, Tsuyoshi; Kawakami, Norito

2016-11-08

Mothers living with small children in Fukushima prefecture may experience radiation anxiety and related symptoms after the Fukushima Dai'ich Nuclear Power Plant Accident. A behavioral activation (BA) program was developed to improve their psychosomatic symptoms. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effectiveness of a BA program for improving psychological distress and physical symptoms among mothers with preschool children in Fukushima-prefecture 3 years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Participants were recruited from mothers living with a preschool child(ren) in Fukushima city and surrounding areas though a newspaper advertisement, posters, and flyers. Participants allocated to the intervention group received a newly developed group-based BA program, which consisted of two 90- min lessons with a 1-week interval. Psychological distress and physical symptoms as a primary outcome, and radiation anxiety and positive well-being (liveliness and life satisfaction) as a secondary outcome, were measured at baseline, 1- and 3-month follow-ups. Participants were randomly allocated to either an intervention or a control group (18 and 19, respectively). The BA program showed a marginally significant intervention effect on psychological distress (p = 0.051) and physical symptoms (p = 0.07) at 1-month follow-up, while the effect became smaller at 3-month follow-up. The effect sizes at 1-month were medium to large (-0.72 and -0.56, respectively). There was a significant intervention effect on increasing liveliness at 3-month follow-up (p = 0.02); and there were marginally significant effects on life satisfaction at 1- and 3-month follow-ups (both p = 0.09). This BA program may be effective for improving psychological distress, physical symptoms, and well-being, at least for a short duration, among mothers with preschool children after the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima, while a further large-scale study is needed. The UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; ID =  UMIN000014081 ). Registered 27 May 2014.

Adoption of a Tai Chi Intervention, Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance, for Fall Prevention by Rural Faith-Based Organizations, 2013-2014.

PubMed

Jones, Dina L; Starcher, Rachael W; Eicher, Jennifer L; Wilcox, Sara

2016-07-14

Translating evidence-based, community-delivered, fall-prevention exercise programs into new settings is a public health priority. Older adults (aged ≥65 y) are at high risk for falls. We conducted a community engagement project in West Virginia to evaluate the adoption of a tai chi exercise program, Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance, by rural faith-based organizations (FBOs) and exercise instructors by recruiting 20 FBOs and 20 or more exercise instructors and by obtaining input from key stakeholders (representatives of FBOs, community representatives, exercise instructors) regarding potential barriers and facilitators to program adoption. We used both multistage, purposeful random sampling and snowball sampling to recruit FBOs and exercise instructors in 7 West Virginia counties. Two forums were held with stakeholders to identify barriers and facilitators to program adoption. We calculated separate adoption rates for organizations and exercise instructors. It took up to 3 months to recruit each FBO with an adoption rate of 94%. We made 289 telephone calls, sent 193 emails and 215 letters, distributed brochures and flyers to 69 FBOs, held 118 meetings, and made 20 trips over a period of 31 days (8,933 miles traveled). Nineteen of 22 trained exercise instructors started classes, an instructor adoption rate of 86%. Key issues regarding adoption were the age requirement for participants, trust, education, and competing priorities. Although we had recruitment challenges, our adoption rates were similar to or higher than those reported in other studies, and the objectives of the community engagement project were met. Clustering the FBOs and having them located closer geographically to our location may have reduced our resource use, and using a recruitment coordinator from the local community may have enabled us to gain the trust of congregants and clergy support.

Ariane Transfer Vehicle in service of man in orbit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deutscher, N.; Schefold, K.; Cougnet, C.

1988-10-01

The Ariane Transfer Vehicle (ATV), an unmanned propulsion system that is designed to be carried by the Ariane 5 launch vehicle, will undertake the logistical support required by the International Space Station and the Man-Tended Free Flyer, carrying both pressurized and unpressurized cargo to these spacecraft and carrying away wastes. The ATV is an expendable vehicle, disposed of by burn-up during reentry, and will be available for initial operations in 1996. In order to minimize development costs and recurrent costs, the ATV design will incorporate existing hardware and software.

Space Station needs, attributes and architectural options. Volume 2, book 1, part 4: Payload element mission data sheets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

Data sheets are presented for 11 internal payloads, 30 externally mounted payloads, and 46 free flyers. The importance of the space station to each payload element is rated on a scale of 1 to 10. The type of experiment noncommercial science and applications, commercial, technological, and operational is indicated and the payload and its objectives are described. Space is provided for noting requirements for power; data/communication; thermal environment; equipment physical characteristics; crew size; and service and maintenance.

Space Technology Game Changing Development Astrobee: ISS Robotic Free Flyer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bualat, Maria Gabriele

2015-01-01

Astrobee will be a free-flying robot that can be remotely operated by astronauts in space or by mission controllers on the ground. NASA is developing Astrobee to perform a variety of intravehicular activities (IVA), such as operations inside the International Space Station. These IVA tasks include interior environmental surveys (e.g., sound level measurement), inventory and mobile camera work. Astrobee will also serve as a platform for robotics research in microgravity. Here we describe the Astrobee project objectives, concept of operations, development approach, key challenges, and initial design.

Recommendation on Whether 112(g) Applies to a Proposed Modification at New Flyer USA in St. Cloud, MN

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document may be of assistance in applying the New Source Review (NSR) air permitting regulations including the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements. This document is part of the NSR Policy and Guidance Database. Some documents in the database are a scanned or retyped version of a paper photocopy of the original. Although we have taken considerable effort to quality assure the documents, some may contain typographical errors. Contact the office that issued the document if you need a copy of the original.

Study of a tracking and data acquisition system for the 1990's. Volume 3: TDAS Communication Mission Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccreary, T.

1983-01-01

A parametric description of the communication channels required between the user spacecraft to be supported and the user ground data systems is developed. Scenarios of mission models, which reflect a range of free flyers vs space platform usage as well as levels of NASA activity and potential support for military missions, and potential channel requirements which identify: (1) bounds on TDAS forward and return link data communication demand, and (2) the additional demand for providing navigation/tracking support are covered.

Automation Framework for Flight Dynamics Products Generation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiegand, Robert E.; Esposito, Timothy C.; Watson, John S.; Jun, Linda; Shoan, Wendy; Matusow, Carla

2010-01-01

XFDS provides an easily adaptable automation platform. To date it has been used to support flight dynamics operations. It coordinates the execution of other applications such as Satellite TookKit, FreeFlyer, MATLAB, and Perl code. It provides a mechanism for passing messages among a collection of XFDS processes, and allows sending and receiving of GMSEC messages. A unified and consistent graphical user interface (GUI) is used for the various tools. Its automation configuration is stored in text files, and can be edited either directly or using the GUI.

Millimeter-wave antenna design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leighton, R. B.

1977-01-01

Problems and opportunities are discussed for adapting certain design features and construction techniques, developed for producing high accuracy ground based radio dishes, to producing milimeter wave dishes for space use. Specifically considered is a foldable telescope of 24 m aperture and 9.6 m focal length, composed of 37 rigid hexagonal panels, which will fit within the 4.5 m diameter x 18 m long payload limits of space shuttle. As here conceived, the telescope would be a free flyer with its own power and pointing systems. Some of the structural design features and construction procedures are considered.

KSC-06pd0250

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A Beechcraft Starship aircraft precedes the takeoff of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer from NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. Photographers on board the Beachcraft will capture the historic event from the air. Pilot Steve Fossett is attempting a record-breaking solo flight, non-stop without refueling, to surpass the current record for the longest flight of any aircraft. This is the second attempt in two days after a fuel leak was detected Feb. 7. The actual launch time was 7:22 a.m. Feb. 8.