Revisiting Boundary Perturbation Theory for Inhomogeneous Transport Problems

DOE PAGES

Favorite, Jeffrey A.; Gonzalez, Esteban

2017-03-10

Adjoint-based first-order perturbation theory is applied again to boundary perturbation problems. Rahnema developed a perturbation estimate that gives an accurate first-order approximation of a flux or reaction rate within a radioactive system when the boundary is perturbed. When the response of interest is the flux or leakage current on the boundary, the Roussopoulos perturbation estimate has long been used. The Rahnema and Roussopoulos estimates differ in one term. Our paper shows that the Rahnema and Roussopoulos estimates can be derived consistently, using different responses, from a single variational functional (due to Gheorghiu and Rahnema), resolving any apparent contradiction. In analyticmore » test problems, Rahnema’s estimate and the Roussopoulos estimate produce exact first derivatives of the response of interest when appropriately applied. We also present a realistic, nonanalytic test problem.« less

Recurrence approach and higher order polynomial algebras for superintegrable monopole systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoque, Md Fazlul; Marquette, Ian; Zhang, Yao-Zhong

2018-05-01

We revisit the MIC-harmonic oscillator in flat space with monopole interaction and derive the polynomial algebra satisfied by the integrals of motion and its energy spectrum using the ad hoc recurrence approach. We introduce a superintegrable monopole system in a generalized Taub-Newman-Unti-Tamburino (NUT) space. The Schrödinger equation of this model is solved in spherical coordinates in the framework of Stäckel transformation. It is shown that wave functions of the quantum system can be expressed in terms of the product of Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials. We construct ladder and shift operators based on the corresponding wave functions and obtain the recurrence formulas. By applying these recurrence relations, we construct higher order algebraically independent integrals of motion. We show that the integrals form a polynomial algebra. We construct the structure functions of the polynomial algebra and obtain the degenerate energy spectra of the model.

Silent cries, dancing tears: the metapsychology of art revisited/revised.

PubMed

Aragno, Anna

2011-04-01

Against the backdrop of a broad survey of the literature on applied psychoanalysis, a number of concepts underpinning the metapsychology of art are revisited and revised: sublimation; interrelationships between primary and secondary processes; symbolization; "fantasy"; and "cathexis." Concepts embedded in dichotomous or drive/energic contexts are examined and reformulated in terms of a continuum of semiotic processes. Freudian dream structure is viewed as a biological/natural template for nonrepressive artistic forms of sublimation. The synthesis presented proposes a model of continuous rather than discontinuous processes, in a nonenergic, biosemiotic metatheoretical framework.

Characteristics of revisits of children at risk for serious infections in pediatric emergency care.

PubMed

de Vos-Kerkhof, Evelien; Geurts, Dorien H F; Steyerberg, Ewout W; Lakhanpaul, Monica; Moll, Henriette A; Oostenbrink, Rianne

2018-04-01

In this study, we aimed to identify characteristics of (unscheduled) revisits and its optimal time frame after Emergency Department (ED) discharge. Children with fever, dyspnea, or vomiting/diarrhea (1 month-16 years) who attended the ED of Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam (2010-2013), the Netherlands, were prospectively included. Three days after ED discharge, we applied standardized telephonic questionnaires on disease course and revisits. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent characteristics of revisits. Young age, parental concern, and alarming signs and symptoms (chest wall retractions, ill appearance, clinical signs of dehydration, and tachypnea) were associated with revisits (n = 527) in children at risk for serious infections discharged from the ED (n = 1765). Children revisited the ED within a median of 2 days (IQR 1.0-3.0), but this was proven to be shorter in children with vomiting/diarrhea (1.0 day (IQR 1.0-2.0)) compared to children with fever or dyspnea (2.0 (IQR 1.0-3.0)). Young age, parental concern, and alarming signs and symptoms (chest wall retractions, ill appearance, clinical signs of dehydration, and tachypnea) were associated with emergency health care revisits in children with fever, dyspnea, and vomiting/diarrhea. These characteristics could help to define targeted review of children during post-discharge period. We observed a disease specific and differential timing of control revisits after ED discharge. What is Known • Fever, dyspnea, and vomiting/diarrhea are major causes of emergency care attendance in children. • As uncertainty remains on uneventful recovery, patients at risk need to be identified on order to improve safety netting after discharge from the ED. What is New • In children with fever, dyspnea, and vomiting/diarrhea, young age, parental concern and chest wall retractions, ill appearance, clinical signs of dehydration, and tachypnea help to define targeted review of children during the post-discharge period. • A revisit after ED discharge is disease-specific and seems to be shorter for children with vomiting/diarrhea than others.

ENTEL: A Case Study on Knowledge Networks and the Impact of Web 2.0 Technologies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffiths, Paul; Arenas, Teresita

2014-01-01

This study re-visits an organisation that defined its knowledge-management strategy in 2008-9 applying an established strategy-intellectual capital alignment framework. It addresses questions "How has knowledge management evolved at ENTEL, and what lessons can be learnt? Does the strategy-knowledge management alignment framework applied at…

Language Teacher Cognition in Applied Linguistics Research: Revisiting the Territory, Redrawing the Boundaries, Reclaiming the Relevance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kubanyiova, Magdalena; Feryok, Anne

2015-01-01

Understanding language teachers' "mental lives" (Walberg, 1972), and how these shape and are shaped by the activity of language teaching in diverse sociocultural contexts, has been at the forefront of the sub discipline of applied linguistics that has become known as "language teacher cognition." Although the collective…

Satellite services system analysis study. Volume 1, part 2: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

The early mission model was developed through a survey of the potential user market. Service functions were defined and a group of design reference missions were selected which represented needs for each of the service functions. Servicing concepts were developed through mission analysis and STS timeline constraint analysis. The hardware needs for accomplishing the service functions were identified with emphasis being placed on applying equipment in the current NASA inventory and that in advanced stages of planning. A more comprehensive service model was developed based on the NASA and DoD mission models segregated by mission class. The number of service events of each class were estimated based on average revisit and service assumptions. Service Kits were defined as collections of equipment applicable to performing one or more service functions. Preliminary design was carrid out on a selected set of hardware needed for early service missions. The organization and costing of the satellie service systems were addressed.

The Animism Controversy Revisited: A Probability Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smeets, Paul M.

1973-01-01

Considers methodological issues surrounding the Piaget-Huang controversy. A probability model, based on the difference between the expected and observed animistic and deanimistic responses is applied as an improved technique for the assessment of animism. (DP)

Mercury's Geochemical Terranes Revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peplowski, P. N.; Stockstill-Cahill, K. R.

2018-05-01

We applied analytical tools to redefine Mercury's major geochemical terranes. The composition and petrology of each terrane will be discussed, along with analyses of gamma-ray data aimed at deriving absolute abundances of Si and Mg in each terrane.

Classification and Sequential Pattern Analysis for Improving Managerial Efficiency and Providing Better Medical Service in Public Healthcare Centers

PubMed Central

Chung, Sukhoon; Rhee, Hyunsill; Suh, Yongmoo

2010-01-01

Objectives This study sought to find answers to the following questions: 1) Can we predict whether a patient will revisit a healthcare center? 2) Can we anticipate diseases of patients who revisit the center? Methods For the first question, we applied 5 classification algorithms (decision tree, artificial neural network, logistic regression, Bayesian networks, and Naïve Bayes) and the stacking-bagging method for building classification models. To solve the second question, we performed sequential pattern analysis. Results We determined: 1) In general, the most influential variables which impact whether a patient of a public healthcare center will revisit it or not are personal burden, insurance bill, period of prescription, age, systolic pressure, name of disease, and postal code. 2) The best plain classification model is dependent on the dataset. 3) Based on average of classification accuracy, the proposed stacking-bagging method outperformed all traditional classification models and our sequential pattern analysis revealed 16 sequential patterns. Conclusions Classification models and sequential patterns can help public healthcare centers plan and implement healthcare service programs and businesses that are more appropriate to local residents, encouraging them to revisit public health centers. PMID:21818426

Hund's Multiplicity Rule Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rioux, Frank

2007-01-01

The plausible and frequently used explanation of the singlet and triplet wave functions for a two-electron system is presented. Its findings reveal that the antisymmetric triplet spatial wave function keeps electrons apart, while the symmetric singlet spatial wave function permits electrons to be close together.

Revisiting Monitoring and Evaluation Strategies for Applied Drama and Theatre Practice in African Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chinyowa, Kennedy C.

2011-01-01

Most of the applied drama and theatre projects being carried out in African contexts tend to be one-off events with limited follow-up in terms of building the capacity of target communities and organising them for action. Besides bringing people together for workshops, performances and post-performance discussions, such projects simply pass by…

A kinetic theory treatment of heat transfer in plane Poiseuille flow with uniform pressure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bahrami, Parviz A.

1992-01-01

Plane compressible Poiseuille flow with uniform pressure (Couette flow with stationary boundaries) is revisited where the Lees two-steam method with the Enskog equation of change is applied. Single particle velocity distribution functions are chosen, which preserve the essential physical features of this flow with arbitrary but uniform plate temperatures and gas pressure. Lower moments are shown to lead to expressions for the parameter functions, molecular number densities, and temperatures which are entirely in agreement with those obtained in the analysis of Lees for compressible plane Couette flow in the limit of low Mach number and vanishing mean gas velocity. Important simplifications result, which are helpful in gaining insight into the power of kinetic theory in fluid mechanics. The temperature distribution, heat flux, as well as density, are completely determined for the whole range of Knudson numbers from free molecular flow to the continuum regime, when the pressure level is specified.

Response variance in functional maps: neural darwinism revisited.

PubMed

Takahashi, Hirokazu; Yokota, Ryo; Kanzaki, Ryohei

2013-01-01

The mechanisms by which functional maps and map plasticity contribute to cortical computation remain controversial. Recent studies have revisited the theory of neural Darwinism to interpret the learning-induced map plasticity and neuronal heterogeneity observed in the cortex. Here, we hypothesize that the Darwinian principle provides a substrate to explain the relationship between neuron heterogeneity and cortical functional maps. We demonstrate in the rat auditory cortex that the degree of response variance is closely correlated with the size of its representational area. Further, we show that the response variance within a given population is altered through training. These results suggest that larger representational areas may help to accommodate heterogeneous populations of neurons. Thus, functional maps and map plasticity are likely to play essential roles in Darwinian computation, serving as effective, but not absolutely necessary, structures to generate diverse response properties within a neural population.

Response Variance in Functional Maps: Neural Darwinism Revisited

PubMed Central

Takahashi, Hirokazu; Yokota, Ryo; Kanzaki, Ryohei

2013-01-01

The mechanisms by which functional maps and map plasticity contribute to cortical computation remain controversial. Recent studies have revisited the theory of neural Darwinism to interpret the learning-induced map plasticity and neuronal heterogeneity observed in the cortex. Here, we hypothesize that the Darwinian principle provides a substrate to explain the relationship between neuron heterogeneity and cortical functional maps. We demonstrate in the rat auditory cortex that the degree of response variance is closely correlated with the size of its representational area. Further, we show that the response variance within a given population is altered through training. These results suggest that larger representational areas may help to accommodate heterogeneous populations of neurons. Thus, functional maps and map plasticity are likely to play essential roles in Darwinian computation, serving as effective, but not absolutely necessary, structures to generate diverse response properties within a neural population. PMID:23874733

Marginalization: A Revisitation With Integration of Scholarship on Globalization, Intersectionality, Privilege, Microaggressions, and Implicit Biases.

PubMed

Hall, Joanne M; Carlson, Kelly

2016-01-01

In 1994, the concept of marginalization was explored in an article in Advances in Nursing Science. This is a revisitation of the concept incorporating new scholarship. This update is founded on feminism, postcolonialism, critical race theory, and discourse deconstruction, all viewpoints that have been explicated in nursing. The purpose of this analysis is to look at new scholarship and concepts useful to applying marginalization in nursing knowledge development from the standpoint of Bourdieu's macro, meso, and micro levels. New scholarship includes globalization, intersectionality, privilege, microaggressions, and implicit bias. Implications for decreasing health disparities through this new scholarship are discussed.

NP-hardness of the cluster minimization problem revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adib, Artur B.

2005-10-01

The computational complexity of the 'cluster minimization problem' is revisited (Wille and Vennik 1985 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 18 L419). It is argued that the original NP-hardness proof does not apply to pairwise potentials of physical interest, such as those that depend on the geometric distance between the particles. A geometric analogue of the original problem is formulated, and a new proof for such potentials is provided by polynomial time transformation from the independent set problem for unit disk graphs. Limitations of this formulation are pointed out, and new subproblems that bear more direct consequences to the numerical study of clusters are suggested.

Revisiting Executive Function Measurement: Implications for Lifespan Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiebe, Sandra A.; McFall, G. Peggy

2014-01-01

Since Miyake and his colleagues (2000) published their seminal paper on the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to parse executive function (EF), CFA methods have become ubiquitous in EF research. In their interesting and thoughtful Focus article, "Executive Function: Formative Versus Reflective Measurement," Willoughby and…

College Students' Understanding of the Domain and Range of Functions on Graphs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cho, Young Doo

2013-01-01

The mathematical concept of function has been revisited and further developed with regularity since its introduction in ancient Babylonia (Kleiner, 1989). The difficulty of the concept of a function contributes to complications when students learn of functions and their graphs (Leinhardt, Zaslavsky, & Stein, 1990). To understand the concept of…

Covariant harmonic oscillators: 1973 revisited

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noz, M. E.

1993-01-01

Using the relativistic harmonic oscillator, a physical basis is given to the phenomenological wave function of Yukawa which is covariant and normalizable. It is shown that this wave function can be interpreted in terms of the unitary irreducible representations of the Poincare group. The transformation properties of these covariant wave functions are also demonstrated.

Vacuum Ultraviolet Photodissociation and Fourier Transform–Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) Mass Spectrometry: Revisited

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shaw, Jared B.; Robinson, Errol W.; Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana

2016-02-16

We revisited the implementation of UVPD within the ICR cell of a FT-ICR mass spectrometer. UVPD performance characteristics were examined in the context of recent developments in the understanding of UVPD and in-cell tandem mass spectrometry. Efficient UVPD and photo-ECD of a model peptide and small protein within the ICR cell of a FT-ICR mass spectrometer are accomplished through appropriate modulation of laser pulse timing relative to ion magnetron motion and the potential applied to an ion optical element that photons impinge on. It is shown that UVPD yields efficient and extensive fragmentation resulting in excellent sequence coverage for modelmore » peptide and protein cations.« less

Game Theory, Probabilistic Risk, and Randomized Strategy: The Rulebook Revisited with Emphasis on Coast Guard Mission Space

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

mathematical concepts and philosophical assumptions necessary for these techniques to be applicable. We review the Coast Guard’s role in the protection...Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS from the NAVAL...Advisor Joseph DiRenzo Second Reader Carlos Borges Chair, Department of Applied Mathematics iv THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK v

Air-cooling mathematical analysis as inferred from the air-temperature observation during the 1st total occultation of the Sun of the 21st century at Lusaka, Zambia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peñaloza-Murillo, Marcos A.; Pasachoff, Jay M.

2015-04-01

We analyze mathematically air temperature measurements made near the ground by the Williams College expedition to observe the first total occultation of the Sun [TOS (commonly known as a total solar eclipse)] of the 21st century in Lusaka, Zambia, in the afternoon of June 21, 2001. To do so, we have revisited some earlier and contemporary methods to test their usefulness for this analysis. Two of these methods, based on a radiative scheme for solar radiation modeling and that has been originally applied to a morning occultation, have successfully been combined to obtain the delay function for an afternoon occultation, via derivation of the so-called instantaneous temperature profiles. For this purpose, we have followed the suggestion given by the third of these previously applied methods to calculate this function, although by itself it failed to do so at least for this occultation. The analysis has taken into account the limb-darkening, occultation and obscuration functions. The delay function obtained describes quite fairly the lag between the solar radiation variation and the delayed air temperature measured. Also, in this investigation, a statistical study has been carried out to get information on the convection activity produced during this event. For that purpose, the fluctuations generated by turbulence has been studied by analyzing variance and residuals. The results, indicating an irreversible steady decrease of this activity, are consistent with those published by other studies. Finally, the air temperature drop due to this event is well estimated by applying the empirical scheme given by the fourth of the previously applied methods, based on the daily temperature amplitude and the standardized middle time of the occultation. It is demonstrated then that by using a simple set of air temperature measurements obtained during solar occultations, along with some supplementary data, a simple mathematical analysis can be achieved by applying of the four methods reviewed here.

Applying Psychology in Outer Space: Unfulfilled Promises Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helmreich, Robert L.

1983-01-01

Argues that research in personality and social psychology has an important role in the nation's spage program. Holds that psychologists' indifference and the structure of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration have led to underutilization of psychological data in space exploration. Presents suggestions for increasing psychology's role…

Citation Analysis and Discourse Analysis Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Howard D.

2004-01-01

John Swales's 1986 article "Citation analysis and discourse analysis" was written by a discourse analyst to introduce citation research from other fields, mainly sociology of science, to his own discipline. Here, I introduce applied linguists and discourse analysts to citation studies from information science, a complementary tradition not…

Reaching for Excellence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Emmett L.; Perna, Jack A.

1992-01-01

Presents the four program goals for biology set forth in the National Science Teacher Association's "A Focus on Excellence: Biology Revisited" to (1) address biosphere, human society, and individual needs; (2) encourage students to experience, understand, and appreciate of natural systems; (3) apply the basic concept of the biosphere; and (4)…

The Landau-de Gennes approach revisited: A minimal self-consistent microscopic theory for spatially inhomogeneous nematic liquid crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gârlea, Ioana C.; Mulder, Bela M.

2017-12-01

We design a novel microscopic mean-field theory of inhomogeneous nematic liquid crystals formulated entirely in terms of the tensor order parameter field. It combines the virtues of the Landau-de Gennes approach in allowing both the direction and magnitude of the local order to vary, with a self-consistent treatment of the local free-energy valid beyond the small order parameter limit. As a proof of principle, we apply this theory to the well-studied problem of a colloid dispersed in a nematic liquid crystal by including a tunable wall coupling term. For the two-dimensional case, we investigate the organization of the liquid crystal and the position of the point defects as a function of the strength of the coupling constant.

The Magnetron Method for the Determination of e/m for Electrons: Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Azooz, A. A.

2007-01-01

Additional information concerning the energy distribution function of electrons in a magnetron diode valve can be extracted. This distribution function is a manifestation of the effect of space charge at the anode. The electron energy distribution function in the magnetron is obtained from studying the variation of the anode current with the…

The Reconstruction Problem Revisited

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Suresh, Ambaby

1999-01-01

The role of reconstruction in avoiding oscillations in upwind schemes is reexamined, with the aim of providing simple, concise proofs. In one dimension, it is shown that if the reconstruction is any arbitrary function bounded by neighboring cell averages and increasing within a cell for increasing data, the resulting scheme is monotonicity preserving, even though the reconstructed function may have overshoots and undershoots at the cell edges and is in general not a monotone function. In the special case of linear reconstruction, it is shown that merely bounding the reconstruction between neighboring cell averages is sufficient to obtain a monotonicity preservinc,y scheme. In two dimensions, it is shown that some ID TVD limiters applied in each direction result in schemes that are not positivity preserving, i.e. do not give positive updates when the data are positive. A simple proof is given to show that if the reconstruction inside the cell is bounded by the neighboring cell averages (including corner neighbors), then the scheme is positivity preserving. A new limiter that enforces this condition but is not as dissipative as the Minmod limiter is also presented.

Revisiting Code-Switching Practice in TESOL: A Critical Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Hao; Mansouri, Behzad

2017-01-01

In academic circles, the "English Only" view and "Balanced view" have established their grounds after volumes of work on the topic of code-switching in TESOL. With recent development in Critical Applied Linguistics, poststructural theory, postmodern theory, and the emergence of multilingualism, scholars have begun to view ELT…

Anti- and Pro-Immigrant Entrepreneurs Labeling Theory Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Tamar Diana

2009-01-01

Almost forty years ago, noted immigration scholar Jorge A. Bustamante published an article in the "American Journal of Sociology" applying Howard Becker's labeling theory to the phenomenon of deviantizing and stigmatizing the undocumented. While immigration laws and some of the players involved have changed since his article was published,…

Revisiting Jürgen Habermas's Notion of Communicative Action and Its Relevance for South African School Governance: Can It Succeed?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mabovula, Nonceba

2010-01-01

I apply as theoretical framework the Habermassian principles of "communicative action" and "consensus" through deliberation and reasoning. In particular, I focus on "rational" and "argumentative" communication through which school governance stakeholders could advance arguments and counter-arguments. I…

The Cagniard Method in Complex Time Revisited

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-04

make the p-integral take the form of a forward Laplace transform, so that the cascade of the two integrals can be identified as a forward and inverse ... transform , thereby making the actual integration unnecessary. Typically, the method is applied to an integral that represents one body wave plus other

Nature as Relationship Partner: An Old Frame Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Antal, Miklós; Drews, Stefan

2015-01-01

Language use that embodies a mechanistic, instrumental view of nature contributes to the environmental predicament. This paper argues that interpersonal relationships can be applied as suitable analogies and metaphors for human-nature relationships. To show that such reframing is necessary and possible, we used the Google Ngram Viewer to study how…

Language Policy in Multilingual Contexts: Revisiting Ruiz's "Language-as-Resource" Orientation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Jong, Ester J.; Li, Zhuo; Zafar, Aliya M.; Wu, Chiu-Hui

2016-01-01

In this article, we apply Ruiz's language-as-resource orientation to three international settings: Taiwan, Pakistan, and mainland China. Our guiding question was how different languages (indigenous languages, Chinese, and English) were positioned differently as resources in these contexts. For our analysis, we used Lo Bianco's (2001) elaboration…

"Reality" Revisited: Self-Assessment of Terministic Screens through a Political Autobiography Assignment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter, Karla M.

2016-01-01

Courses: Argumentation, Public Speaking, Political Communication. Objectives: After completing this unit activity, students should be able to (1) demonstrate comprehension of Burke's (1941) concept of terministic screens; (2) apply the concept of terministic screens to write a brief political autobiography of themselves that analyzes the history…

Vacuum Ultraviolet Photodissociation and Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) Mass Spectrometry: Revisited.

PubMed

Shaw, Jared B; Robinson, Errol W; Paša-Tolić, Ljiljana

2016-03-15

We revisited the implementation of 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) within the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cell of a Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. UVPD performance characteristics were examined in the context of recent developments in the understanding of UVPD and in-cell tandem mass spectrometry. Efficient UVPD and photo-ECD of a model peptide and proteins within the ICR cell of a FT-ICR mass spectrometer are accomplished through appropriate modulation of laser pulse timing, relative to ion magnetron motion and the potential applied to an ion optical element upon which photons impinge. It is shown that UVPD yields efficient and extensive fragmentation, resulting in excellent sequence coverage for model peptide and protein cations.

Revisiting Adiabatic Switching for Initial Conditions in Quasi-Classical Trajectory Calculations: Application to CH4.

PubMed

Qu, Chen; Bowman, Joel M

2016-07-14

Semiclassical quantization of vibrational energies, using adiabatic switching (AS), is applied to CH4 using a recent ab initio potential energy surface, for which exact quantum calculations of vibrational energies are available. Details of the present calculations, which employ a harmonic normal-mode zeroth-order Hamiltonian, emphasize the importance of transforming to the Eckart frame during the propagation of the adiabatically switched Hamiltonian. The AS energies for the zero-point, and fundamental excitations of two modes are in good agreement with the quantum ones. The use of AS in the context of quasi-classical trajectory calculations is revisited, following previous work reported in 1995, which did not recommend the procedure. We come to a different conclusion here.

Learning Under Stress: The Inverted-U-Shape Function Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salehi, Basira; Cordero, M. Isabel; Sandi, Carmen

2010-01-01

Although the relationship between stress intensity and memory function is generally believed to follow an inverted-U-shaped curve, strikingly this phenomenon has not been demonstrated under the same experimental conditions. We investigated this phenomenon for rats' performance in a hippocampus-dependent learning task, the radial arm water maze…

Revisit rates and associated costs after an emergency department encounter: a multistate analysis.

PubMed

Duseja, Reena; Bardach, Naomi S; Lin, Grace A; Yazdany, Jinoos; Dean, Mitzi L; Clay, Theodore H; Boscardin, W John; Dudley, R Adams

2015-06-02

Return visits to the emergency department (ED) or hospital after an index ED visit strain the health system, but information about rates and determinants of revisits is limited. To describe revisit rates, variation in revisit rates by diagnosis and state, and associated costs. Observational study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases. 6 U.S. states. Adults with ED visits between 2006 and 2010. Revisit rates and costs. Within 3 days of an index ED visit, 8.2% of patients had a revisit; 32% of those revisits occurred at a different institution. Revisit rates varied by diagnosis, with skin infections having the highest rate (23.1% [95% CI, 22.3% to 23.9%]). Revisit rates also varied by state. For skin infections, Florida had higher risk-adjusted revisit rates (24.8% [CI, 23.5% to 26.2%]) than Nebraska (10.6% [CI, 9.2% to 12.1%]). In Florida, the only state with complete cost data, total revisit costs for the 19.8% of patients with a revisit within 30 days were 118% of total index ED visit costs for all patients (including those with and without a revisit). Whether a revisit reflects inadequate access to primary care, a planned revisit, the patient's nonadherence to ED recommendations, or poor-quality care at the initial ED visit remains unknown. Revisits after an index ED encounter are more frequent than previously reported, in part because many occur outside the index institution. Among ED patients in Florida, more resources are spent on revisits than on index ED visits. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Analysis of the human female foot in two different measurement systems: from geometric morphometrics to functional morphology.

PubMed

Bookstein, Fred L; Domjanić, Jacqueline

2014-09-01

The relationship of geometric morphometrics (GMM) to functional analysis of the same morphological resources is currently a topic of active interest among functional morphologists. Although GMM is typically advertised as free of prior assumptions about shape features or morphological theories, it is common for GMM findings to be concordant with findings from studies based on a-priori lists of shape features whenever prior insights or theories have been properly accounted for in the study design. The present paper demonstrates this happy possibility by revisiting a previously published GMM analysis of footprint outlines for which there is also functionally relevant information in the form of a-pri-ori foot measurements. We show how to convert the conventional measurements into the language of shape, thereby affording two parallel statistical analyses. One is the classic multivariate analysis of "shape features", the other the equally classic GMM of semilandmark coordinates. In this example, the two data sets, analyzed by protocols that are remarkably different in both their geometry and their algebra, nevertheless result in one common biometrical summary: wearing high heels is bad for women inasmuch as it leads to the need for orthotic devices to treat the consequently flattened arch. This concordance bears implications for other branches of applied anthropology. To carry out a good biomedical analysis of applied anthropometric data it may not matter whether one uses GMM or instead an adequate assortment of conventional measurements. What matters is whether the conventional measurements have been selected in order to match the natural spectrum of functional variation.

Variational Bayesian Parameter Estimation Techniques for the General Linear Model

PubMed Central

Starke, Ludger; Ostwald, Dirk

2017-01-01

Variational Bayes (VB), variational maximum likelihood (VML), restricted maximum likelihood (ReML), and maximum likelihood (ML) are cornerstone parametric statistical estimation techniques in the analysis of functional neuroimaging data. However, the theoretical underpinnings of these model parameter estimation techniques are rarely covered in introductory statistical texts. Because of the widespread practical use of VB, VML, ReML, and ML in the neuroimaging community, we reasoned that a theoretical treatment of their relationships and their application in a basic modeling scenario may be helpful for both neuroimaging novices and practitioners alike. In this technical study, we thus revisit the conceptual and formal underpinnings of VB, VML, ReML, and ML and provide a detailed account of their mathematical relationships and implementational details. We further apply VB, VML, ReML, and ML to the general linear model (GLM) with non-spherical error covariance as commonly encountered in the first-level analysis of fMRI data. To this end, we explicitly derive the corresponding free energy objective functions and ensuing iterative algorithms. Finally, in the applied part of our study, we evaluate the parameter and model recovery properties of VB, VML, ReML, and ML, first in an exemplary setting and then in the analysis of experimental fMRI data acquired from a single participant under visual stimulation. PMID:28966572

Potential Energy Surface of the Chromium Dimer Re-re-revisited with Multiconfigurational Perturbation Theory.

PubMed

Vancoillie, Steven; Malmqvist, Per Åke; Veryazov, Valera

2016-04-12

The chromium dimer has long been a benchmark molecule to evaluate the performance of different computational methods ranging from density functional theory to wave function methods. Among the latter, multiconfigurational perturbation theory was shown to be able to reproduce the potential energy surface of the chromium dimer accurately. However, for modest active space sizes, it was later shown that different definitions of the zeroth-order Hamiltonian have a large impact on the results. In this work, we revisit the system for the third time with multiconfigurational perturbation theory, now in order to increase the active space of the reference wave function. This reduces the impact of the choice of zeroth-order Hamiltonian and improves the shape of the potential energy surface significantly. We conclude by comparing our results of the dissocation energy and vibrational spectrum to those obtained from several highly accurate multiconfigurational methods and experiment. For a meaningful comparison, we used the extrapolation to the complete basis set for all methods involved.

Light Bulbs and Change: Systems Thinking and Organisational Learning for New Ventures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hebel, Misha

2007-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to revisit the practical worth of different systems thinking tools applied to three different business clients, which may be dismissed by academic researchers as theoretically old fashioned. Design/methodology/approach: The methodologies used are systems-based (SSM, VSM and causal loop diagrams), culminating in…

Entrepreneurship Education Evaluation: Revisiting Storey to Hunt for the "Heffalump"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henry, Colette

2015-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to consider entrepreneurship education (EE) evaluation. Specifically, it explores some of the challenges involved in applying the "HEInnovate" tool, and considers ways in which its accuracy and value might be strengthened. Using Storey (2000) by way of reflective critique, the paper proposes an…

Revisiting Approaches to Learning in Science and Engineering: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gynnild, V.; Myrhaug, D.

2012-01-01

Several studies have applied the dichotomy of deep and surface approaches to learning in a range of disciplinary contexts. Existing questionnaires have largely assumed the existence of these constructs; however, in a recent study Case and Marshall (2004) described two additional context-specific approaches to learning in engineering. The current…

Revisiting Patterson's Paradigm: Gaze Behaviors in Deaf Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luciano, Jason M.

2001-01-01

This article explains a sequential model of eye gaze and eye contact behaviors researched among hearing populations and explores these behaviors in people with deafness. It is found that characterizations of eye contact and eye gaze behavior applied to hearing populations are not completely applicable to those with deafness. (Contains references.)…

McUniversities Revisited: A Comparison of University and McDonald's Casual Employee Experiences in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nadolny, Andrew; Ryan, Suzanne

2015-01-01

The McDonaldization of higher education refers to the transformation of universities from knowledge generators to rational service organizations or "McUniversities". This is reflected in the growing dependence on a casualized academic workforce. The article explores the extent to which the McDonaldization thesis applies to universities…

Liberal Arts Catch-Up Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goyder, John

2014-01-01

This paper replicates the work of Giles and Drewes from the 1990s. They showed a catch-up effect whereby graduates of liberal arts undergraduate programs, although at an early-career disadvantage compared with graduates of applied programs, had higher incomes by mid-career. Working with the Panel 5 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (2005-2010),…

Planning for Online Education: A Systems Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Picciano, Anthony G.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this article is to revisit the basic principles of technology planning as applied to online education initiatives. While not meant to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic, the article is timely because many colleges and universities are considering the development and expansion of online education as part of their planning…

The Postsecondary Resource Trinity Model: Exploring the Interaction between Socioeconomic, Academic, and Institutional Resources

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giani, Matt S.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study is to revisit the widely held assumption that the impact of socioeconomic background declines steadily across educational transitions, particularly at the postsecondary level. Sequential logit modeling, a staple methodological approach for estimating the relative impact of SES across educational stages, is applied to a…

Superconducting Sphere in an External Magnetic Field Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sazonov, Sergey N.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this article is to give the intelligible procedure for undergraduate students to grasp proof of the fact that the magnetic field outside the hollow superconducting sphere (superconducting shell) coincides with the field of a point magnetic dipole both when an uniform external magnetic field is applied as when a ferromagnetic sphere…

Ecological and Developmental Issues in the Practice of Educational Psychology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowler, Josephine

2005-01-01

This conceptual article examines what is meant by the term "ecological-contextual" in relation to the assessment of children's needs. Revisiting the discipline of ethology, the article applies the construct of niche to the human species, including examples from children's experiences to validate the relevance of this link. Issues of…

Revisiting the Occupational Aspirations and Destinations of Anglo-Australian and Chinese-Australian High School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malik, Ranbir Singh

2015-01-01

Evidence from Australia lends support to the "Asian high achieving syndrome" in Chinese-Australian students and "self-deprivation syndrome" in Anglo-Australian students. Applying ethnographic case studies approach for doctoral thesis the author collected data on a longitudinal basis from homes and school of these students. All…

Post-Mao Chinese Literary Women's Rhetoric Revisited: A Case for an "Enlightened" Feminist Rhetorical Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wu, Hui

2010-01-01

Identifying the specific complexities and historical context of post-Mao Chinese literary women's rhetoric, along with ways they have been misread, the author argues in general that Western feminist critics need to be cautious about applying their concepts to non-Western women's literature. (Contains 7 notes.)

Effects of Military Service on Earnings and Education, Revisited: Variation by Service Duration, Occupation, and Civilian Unemployment

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

Category: Other Technical, Functional or Administrative, Mechanical Repairs, Craftsworkers, and Service or Supply .................. 62   Table A.5...Application Cohort: Other Technical or Allied, Functional or Administrative, Mechanical Repairs, Craftsworkers, and Service or Supply ...Repairs, Craftsworkers, and Service or Supply .................................................................................. 71   Table A.13

Distance majorization and its applications.

PubMed

Chi, Eric C; Zhou, Hua; Lange, Kenneth

2014-08-01

The problem of minimizing a continuously differentiable convex function over an intersection of closed convex sets is ubiquitous in applied mathematics. It is particularly interesting when it is easy to project onto each separate set, but nontrivial to project onto their intersection. Algorithms based on Newton's method such as the interior point method are viable for small to medium-scale problems. However, modern applications in statistics, engineering, and machine learning are posing problems with potentially tens of thousands of parameters or more. We revisit this convex programming problem and propose an algorithm that scales well with dimensionality. Our proposal is an instance of a sequential unconstrained minimization technique and revolves around three ideas: the majorization-minimization principle, the classical penalty method for constrained optimization, and quasi-Newton acceleration of fixed-point algorithms. The performance of our distance majorization algorithms is illustrated in several applications.

A necessary condition for dispersal driven growth of populations with discrete patch dynamics.

PubMed

Guiver, Chris; Packman, David; Townley, Stuart

2017-07-07

We revisit the question of when can dispersal-induced coupling between discrete sink populations cause overall population growth? Such a phenomenon is called dispersal driven growth and provides a simple explanation of how dispersal can allow populations to persist across discrete, spatially heterogeneous, environments even when individual patches are adverse or unfavourable. For two classes of mathematical models, one linear and one non-linear, we provide necessary conditions for dispersal driven growth in terms of the non-existence of a common linear Lyapunov function, which we describe. Our approach draws heavily upon the underlying positive dynamical systems structure. Our results apply to both discrete- and continuous-time models. The theory is illustrated with examples and both biological and mathematical conclusions are drawn. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Applications of fidelity measures to complex quantum systems

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

We revisit fidelity as a measure for the stability and the complexity of the quantum motion of single-and many-body systems. Within the context of cold atoms, we present an overview of applications of two fidelities, which we call static and dynamical fidelity, respectively. The static fidelity applies to quantum problems which can be diagonalized since it is defined via the eigenfunctions. In particular, we show that the static fidelity is a highly effective practical detector of avoided crossings characterizing the complexity of the systems and their evolutions. The dynamical fidelity is defined via the time-dependent wave functions. Focusing on the quantum kicked rotor system, we highlight a few practical applications of fidelity measurements in order to better understand the large variety of dynamical regimes of this paradigm of a low-dimensional system with mixed regular–chaotic phase space. PMID:27140967

Revisiting Comparative Education in Latin America: Traditions, Uses, and Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Acosta, Felicitas; Ruiz, Guillermo Ramón

2018-01-01

Comparative education is a field with a tradition that dates back to the beginning of the nineteenth century. The field has come a long way since the times when travellers sought educational experiences that could be applied in their places of origin; it has expanded across the world, though the rhythm of knowledge production varies significantly…

Revisiting a Cognitive Framework for Test Design: Applications for a Computerized Perceptual Speed Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alderton, David L.

This paper highlights the need for a systematic, content aware, and theoretically-based approach to test design. The cognitive components approach is endorsed, and is applied to the development of a computerized perceptual speed test. Psychometric literature is reviewed and shows that: every major multi-factor theory includes a clerical/perceptual…

An Economic View of Food Deserts in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bitler, Marianne; Haider, Steven J.

2011-01-01

Considerable policy and academic attention has been focused on the topic of food deserts. We consider this topic from an economic perspective. First, we consider how the components of a standard economic analysis apply to the study of food deserts. Second, using this economic lens, we revisit the empirical literature on food deserts to assess the…

The Misinformation Effect Revisited: Interactions between Spontaneous Memory Processes and Misleading Suggestions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pansky, Ainat; Tenenboim, Einat; Bar, Sarah Kate

2011-01-01

Recent findings indicate that retained information tends to converge at the basic level (BL). The aim of the present study was to apply these findings to the investigation of misinformation phenomena. In three experiments, we examined the extent to which the contaminating effects of misinformation are influenced by its consistency with the…

Evidence-Based Practice in Kinesiology: The Theory to Practice Gap Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knudson, Duane

2005-01-01

As evidence-based practice sweeps the applied health professions, it is a good time to evaluate the generation of knowledge in Kinesiology and its transmission to professionals and the public. Knowledge transmission has been debated in the past from the perspectives of the theory-to-practice gap and the discipline versus profession emphasis.…

Problem-Based Learning Revisited, Introduction of Active and Self-Directed Learning to Reduce Fatigue among Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Czabanowska, Katarzyna; Moust, Jos H. C.; Meijer, Andre W. M.; Schroder-Back, Peter; Roebertsen, Herma

2012-01-01

Despite several years of successfully applying problem-based learning at Maastricht University, the Faculty of Medicine observed a slow erosion of problem-based practices and "PBL fatigue" among themselves and students. In response to this fatigue and new research into the development of the young adult brain, Active Self-Directed…

Revisiting the Least Force Required to Keep a Block from Sliding

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De, Subhranil

2013-01-01

This article pertains to a problem on static friction that concerns a block of mass "M" resting on a rough inclined plane. The coefficient of static friction is microsecond and the inclination angle theta is greater than tan[superscript -1] microsecond. This means that some force "F" must be applied (see Fig. 1) to keep the…

The CD95 receptor: apoptosis revisited.

PubMed

Peter, Marcus E; Budd, Ralph C; Desbarats, Julie; Hedrick, Stephen M; Hueber, Anne-Odile; Newell, M Karen; Owen, Laurie B; Pope, Richard M; Tschopp, Juerg; Wajant, Harald; Wallach, David; Wiltrout, Robert H; Zörnig, Martin; Lynch, David H

2007-05-04

CD95 is the quintessential death receptor and, when it is bound by ligand, cells undergo apoptosis. Recent evidence suggests, however, that CD95 mediates not only apoptosis but also diverse nonapoptotic functions depending on the tissue and the conditions.

Kinetic theory of turbulence for parallel propagation revisited: Low-to-intermediate frequency regime

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoon, Peter H., E-mail: yoonp@umd.edu; School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-701

2015-09-15

A previous paper [P. H. Yoon, “Kinetic theory of turbulence for parallel propagation revisited: Formal results,” Phys. Plasmas 22, 082309 (2015)] revisited the second-order nonlinear kinetic theory for turbulence propagating in directions parallel/anti-parallel to the ambient magnetic field, in which the original work according to Yoon and Fang [Phys. Plasmas 15, 122312 (2008)] was refined, following the paper by Gaelzer et al. [Phys. Plasmas 22, 032310 (2015)]. The main finding involved the dimensional correction pertaining to discrete-particle effects in Yoon and Fang's theory. However, the final result was presented in terms of formal linear and nonlinear susceptibility response functions. Inmore » the present paper, the formal equations are explicitly written down for the case of low-to-intermediate frequency regime by making use of approximate forms for the response functions. The resulting equations are sufficiently concrete so that they can readily be solved by numerical means or analyzed by theoretical means. The derived set of equations describe nonlinear interactions of quasi-parallel modes whose frequency range covers the Alfvén wave range to ion-cyclotron mode, but is sufficiently lower than the electron cyclotron mode. The application of the present formalism may range from the nonlinear evolution of whistler anisotropy instability in the high-beta regime, and the nonlinear interaction of electrons with whistler-range turbulence.« less

The Levy sections theorem revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Figueiredo, Annibal; Gleria, Iram; Matsushita, Raul; Da Silva, Sergio

2007-06-01

This paper revisits the Levy sections theorem. We extend the scope of the theorem to time series and apply it to historical daily returns of selected dollar exchange rates. The elevated kurtosis usually observed in such series is then explained by their volatility patterns. And the duration of exchange rate pegs explains the extra elevated kurtosis in the exchange rates of emerging markets. In the end, our extension of the theorem provides an approach that is simpler than the more common explicit modelling of fat tails and dependence. Our main purpose is to build up a technique based on the sections that allows one to artificially remove the fat tails and dependence present in a data set. By analysing data through the lenses of the Levy sections theorem one can find common patterns in otherwise very different data sets.

Global Instability on Laminar Separation Bubbles-Revisited

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Theofilis, Vassilis; Rodriquez, Daniel; Smith, Douglas

2010-01-01

In the last 3 years, global linear instability of LSB has been revisited, using state-of-the-art hardware and algorithms. Eigenspectra of LSB flows have been understood and classified in branches of known and newly-discovered eigenmodes. Major achievements: World-largest numerical solutions of global eigenvalue problems are routinely performed. Key aerodynamic phenomena have been explained via critical point theory, applied to our global mode results. Theoretical foundation for control of LSB flows has been laid. Global mode of LSB at the origin of observable phenomena. U-separation on semi-infinite plate. Stall cells on (stalled) airfoil. Receptivity/Sensitivity/AFC feasible (practical?) via: Adjoint EVP solution. Direct/adjoint coupling (the Crete connection). Minor effect of compressibility on global instability in the subsonic compressible regime. Global instability analysis of LSB in realistic supersonic flows apparently quite some way down the horizon.

Force-free electrodynamics in dynamical curved spacetimes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McWilliams, Sean

2015-04-01

We present results on our study of force-free electrodynamics in curved spacetimes. Specifically, we present several improvements to what has become the established set of evolution equations, and we apply these to study the nonlinear stability of analytically known force-free solutions for the first time. We implement our method in a new pseudo-spectral code built on top of the SpEC code for evolving dynamic spacetimes. Finally, we revisit these known solutions and attempt to clarify some interesting properties that render them analytically tractable. Finally, we preview some new work that similarly revisits the established approach to solving another problem in numerical relativity: the post-merger recoil from asymmetric gravitational-wave emission. These new results may have significant implications for the parameter dependence of recoils, and consequently on the statistical expectations for recoil velocities of merged systems.

Distance majorization and its applications

PubMed Central

Chi, Eric C.; Zhou, Hua; Lange, Kenneth

2014-01-01

The problem of minimizing a continuously differentiable convex function over an intersection of closed convex sets is ubiquitous in applied mathematics. It is particularly interesting when it is easy to project onto each separate set, but nontrivial to project onto their intersection. Algorithms based on Newton’s method such as the interior point method are viable for small to medium-scale problems. However, modern applications in statistics, engineering, and machine learning are posing problems with potentially tens of thousands of parameters or more. We revisit this convex programming problem and propose an algorithm that scales well with dimensionality. Our proposal is an instance of a sequential unconstrained minimization technique and revolves around three ideas: the majorization-minimization principle, the classical penalty method for constrained optimization, and quasi-Newton acceleration of fixed-point algorithms. The performance of our distance majorization algorithms is illustrated in several applications. PMID:25392563

Revisiting Symbolic Interactionism as a Theoretical Framework Beyond the Grounded Theory Tradition.

PubMed

Handberg, Charlotte; Thorne, Sally; Midtgaard, Julie; Nielsen, Claus Vinther; Lomborg, Kirsten

2015-08-01

The tight bond between grounded theory (GT) and symbolic interactionism (SI) is well known within the qualitative health research field. We aimed to disentangle this connection through critical reflection on the conditions under which it might add value as an underpinning to studies outside the GT tradition. Drawing on an examination of the central tenets of SI, we illustrate with a field study using interpretive description as methodology how SI can be applied as a theoretical lens through which layers of socially constructed meaning can help surface the subjective world of patients. We demonstrate how SI can function as a powerful framework for human health behavior research through its capacity to orient questions, inform design options, and refine analytic directions. We conclude that using SI as a lens can serve as a translation mechanism in our quest to interpret the subjective world underlying patients' health and illness behavior. © The Author(s) 2014.

Revisiting big-bang nucleosynthesis constraints on long-lived decaying particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawasaki, Masahiro; Kohri, Kazunori; Moroi, Takeo; Takaesu, Yoshitaro

2018-01-01

We study the effects of long-lived massive particles, which decayed during the big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch, on the primordial abundance of light elements. Compared to previous studies, (i) the reaction rates of standard BBN reactions are updated, (ii) the most recent observational data on the light element abundance and cosmological parameters are used, (iii) the effects of the interconversion of energetic nucleons at the time of inelastic scattering with background nuclei are considered, and (iv) the effects of the hadronic shower induced by energetic high-energy antinucleons are included. We compare the theoretical predictions on the primordial abundance of light elements with the latest observational constraints, and we derive upper bounds on the relic abundance of the decaying particle as a function of its lifetime. We also apply our analysis to an unstable gravitino, the superpartner of a graviton in supersymmetric theories, and obtain constraints on the reheating temperature after inflation.

Revisiting the Principles and Functions of the European Language Portfolio with a Focus on Tertiary Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schärer, Rolf

2012-01-01

The European Language Portfolio (ELP) is based on principles which tend to challenge traditional learning and teaching practices and thus impact on education policy and systems. The primary owner of the ELP is the learner, and as a personal language learning companion, the ELP has three core functions: pedagogic, reporting and catalytic. For it to…

Further Thoughts on the Writing of Stories: A Response to Michael Gard and Ian Wellard

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbourne, David; Jones, Robyn

2014-01-01

In his most recent piece (Gilbourne et al., 2011) and in the present article, the author revisits the notion of "caring" in applied sport psychology, offering readers the chance to wonder how a word misplaced or a gesture of casual indifference might cause lasting damage. As in his recent book, "Critical Essays in Sport…

Revisiting the Relationship between International Assessment Outcomes and Educational Production: Evidence From a Longitudinal PISA-TIMSS Sample

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carnoy, Martin; Khavenson, Tatiana; Loyalka, Prashant; Schmidt, William H.; Zakharov, Andrey

2016-01-01

International assessments, such as the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), are being used to recommend educational policies to improve student achievement. This study shows that the cross-sectional estimates behind such recommendations may be biased. We use a unique data set from one country that applied the PISA mathematics test…

Modelling crystal plasticity by 3D dislocation dynamics and the finite element method: The Discrete-Continuous Model revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vattré, A.; Devincre, B.; Feyel, F.; Gatti, R.; Groh, S.; Jamond, O.; Roos, A.

2014-02-01

A unified model coupling 3D dislocation dynamics (DD) simulations with the finite element (FE) method is revisited. The so-called Discrete-Continuous Model (DCM) aims to predict plastic flow at the (sub-)micron length scale of materials with complex boundary conditions. The evolution of the dislocation microstructure and the short-range dislocation-dislocation interactions are calculated with a DD code. The long-range mechanical fields due to the dislocations are calculated by a FE code, taking into account the boundary conditions. The coupling procedure is based on eigenstrain theory, and the precise manner in which the plastic slip, i.e. the dislocation glide as calculated by the DD code, is transferred to the integration points of the FE mesh is described in full detail. Several test cases are presented, and the DCM is applied to plastic flow in a single-crystal Nickel-based superalloy.

Revisiting first type self-similar solutions of explosions containing ultrarelativistic shocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Jun

2018-05-01

We revisit the first type self-similar solutions for ultrarelativistic shock waves produced by explosions propagating into cold external medium whose density profile decreases with radius as ρ ∝ r-k. The first-type solutions proposed by Blandford and McKee (hereafter BM solution) conforms to the global conservation of energy and applies when k < 4. They have been found to be invalid when k > 17/4 because of the divergence of total energy contained in the shocked fluids. So far no attention has been paid to the particle number. We use the BM solution to calculate the total particle number traversed by the shock and find that it diverges when k > 3. This is inconsistent with the finite particles in the surrounding medium. We propose a possible solution when k > 3 based on the conservation of particle number and discuss its implication for the second-type solutions.

Revisiting ignited-quenched transition and the non-Newtonian rheology of a sheared dilute gas-solid suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saha, Saikat; Alam, Meheboob

2017-12-01

The hydrodynamics and rheology of a sheared dilute gas-solid suspension, consisting of inelastic hard-spheres suspended in a gas, are analysed using anisotropic Maxwellian as the single particle distribution function. The closed-form solutions for granular temperature and three invariants of the second-moment tensor are obtained as functions of the Stokes number ($St$), the mean density ($\

42 CFR 488.30 - Revisit user fee for revisit surveys.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., or substantiated complaint survey and that is designed to evaluate the extent to which previously... 42 Public Health 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Revisit user fee for revisit surveys. 488.30... SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION SURVEY, CERTIFICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES General...

42 CFR 488.30 - Revisit user fee for revisit surveys.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., or substantiated complaint survey and that is designed to evaluate the extent to which previously... 42 Public Health 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Revisit user fee for revisit surveys. 488.30... SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION SURVEY, CERTIFICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES General...

42 CFR 488.30 - Revisit user fee for revisit surveys.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., or substantiated complaint survey and that is designed to evaluate the extent to which previously... 42 Public Health 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Revisit user fee for revisit surveys. 488.30... SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION SURVEY, CERTIFICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES General...

42 CFR 488.30 - Revisit user fee for revisit surveys.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., or substantiated complaint survey and that is designed to evaluate the extent to which previously... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Revisit user fee for revisit surveys. 488.30... SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION SURVEY, CERTIFICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES General...

42 CFR 488.30 - Revisit user fee for revisit surveys.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., or substantiated complaint survey and that is designed to evaluate the extent to which previously... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Revisit user fee for revisit surveys. 488.30... SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION SURVEY, CERTIFICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES General...

Revisiting Regression in Autism: Heller's "Dementia Infantilis"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Westphal, Alexander; Schelinski, Stefanie; Volkmar, Fred; Pelphrey, Kevin

2013-01-01

Theodor Heller first described a severe regression of adaptive function in normally developing children, something he termed dementia infantilis, over one 100 years ago. Dementia infantilis is most closely related to the modern diagnosis, childhood disintegrative disorder. We translate Heller's paper, Uber Dementia Infantilis, and discuss…

The PANAS Structure Revisited: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Community and Forensic Samples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leue, Anja; Beauducel, Andre

2011-01-01

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a widely used inventory for the assessment of affect in psychology and other applied sciences. Despite its popularity, the structure of the PANAS is still under debate. On the one hand, there is evidence of the traditional 2-factor model with Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) as…

"Playgrounds Which Would Never Happen Now, because They'd Be Far Too Dangerous": Risk, Childhood Development and Radical Sites of Theatre Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Grant Tyler

2011-01-01

This article revisits radical playgrounds of the past to offer a productive dialogue with recent debates on how child environments can foster citizenship and community. Joan Littlewood's playground projects are familiar examples of theatre techniques being applied to develop children's sense of belonging in a city. This essay considers the less…

In Preparation of the Nationwide Dissemination of the School-Based Obesity Prevention Program DOiT: Stepwise Development Applying the Intervention Mapping Protocol

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Nassau, Femke; Singh, Amika S.; van Mechelen, Willem; Brug, Johannes; Chin A. Paw, Mai J. M.

2014-01-01

Background: The school-based Dutch Obesity Intervention in Teenagers (DOiT) program is an evidence-based obesity prevention program. In preparation for dissemination throughout the Netherlands, this study aimed to adapt the initial program and to develop an implementation strategy and materials. Methods: We revisited the Intervention Mapping (IM)…

Renewing the American Commitment to the Common School Philosophy: School Choice in the Early Twenty-First Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fife, Brian L.

2016-01-01

The common school philosophy of the nineteenth century in the United States is revisited from a contemporary perspective. Is the basic ethos of the philosophy of Horace Mann and others still relevant today? This question is examined and applied to the conservative advocacy of free markets, individual freedom, and school choice in order to assess…

Factorization approach to superintegrable systems: Formalism and applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ballesteros, Á., E-mail: angelb@ubu.es; Herranz, F. J., E-mail: fjherranz@ubu.es; Kuru, Ş., E-mail: kuru@science.ankara.edu.tr

2017-03-15

The factorization technique for superintegrable Hamiltonian systems is revisited and applied in order to obtain additional (higher-order) constants of the motion. In particular, the factorization approach to the classical anisotropic oscillator on the Euclidean plane is reviewed, and new classical (super) integrable anisotropic oscillators on the sphere are constructed. The Tremblay–Turbiner–Winternitz system on the Euclidean plane is also studied from this viewpoint.

Holland's SDS Applied to Chinese College Students: A Revisit to Cross-Culture Adaptation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kong, Jin; Xu, Yonghong Jade; Zhang, Hao

2016-01-01

In this study, data collected from 875 college freshman and sophomore students enrolled in a 4-year university in central China are used to examine the applicability and validity of a Chinese version of Holland's Self-Directed Search (SDS) that was adapted in the 1990s. The total sample was randomly divided into two groups. Data from the first…

Exciton coupling between enones: Quassinoids revisited.

PubMed

Pescitelli, Gennaro; Di Bari, Lorenzo

2017-09-01

The electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of two previously reported quassinoids containing a pair of enone chromophores are revisited to gain insight into the consistency and applicability of the exciton chirality method. Our study is based on time-dependent Density Functional Theory calculations, transition and orbital analysis, and numerical exciton coupling calculations. In quassin (1) the enone/enone exciton coupling is quasi-degenerate, yielding strong rotational strengths that account for the observed ECD spectrum in the enone π-π* region. In perforalactone C (2) the nondegenerate coupling produces weak rotational strengths, and the ECD spectrum is dominated by other mechanisms of optical activity. We remark the necessity of a careful application of the nondegenerate exciton coupling method in similar cases. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone-revisited

USGS Publications Warehouse

McGarr, A.; Fletcher, Joe B.

2001-01-01

McGarr and Fletcher (2000) introduced a technique for estimating apparent stress and seismic energy radiation associated with small patches of a larger fault plane and then applied this method to the slip model of the Northridge earthquake (Wald et al., 1996). These results must be revised because we did not take account of the difference between the seismic energy near the fault and that in the farfield. The fraction f(VR) of the near-field energy that propagates into the far-field is a monotonic function that ranges from 0.11 to 0.40 as rupture velocity VR increases from 0.6?? to 0.95??, where ?? is the shear wave speed. The revised equation for apparent stress for subfault ij is taij = f(VR) ????/ 2 Dij??? D(t)ij2dt, where ?? is density, D(t)ij is the time-dependent slip, and Dij is the final slip. The corresponding seismic energy is Eaij = ADijtaij, where A is the subfault area. Our corrected distributions of apparent stress and radiated energy over the Northridge earthquake fault zone are about 35% of those published before.

From Phineas Gage and Monsieur Leborgne to H.M.: Revisiting Disconnection Syndromes.

PubMed

Thiebaut de Schotten, M; Dell'Acqua, F; Ratiu, P; Leslie, A; Howells, H; Cabanis, E; Iba-Zizen, M T; Plaisant, O; Simmons, A; Dronkers, N F; Corkin, S; Catani, M

2015-12-01

On the 50th anniversary of Norman Geschwind's seminal paper entitled 'Disconnexion syndrome in animal and man', we pay tribute to his ideas by applying contemporary tractography methods to understand white matter disconnection in 3 classic cases that made history in behavioral neurology. We first documented the locus and extent of the brain lesion from the computerized tomography of Phineas Gage's skull and the magnetic resonance images of Louis Victor Leborgne's brain, Broca's first patient, and Henry Gustave Molaison. We then applied the reconstructed lesions to an atlas of white matter connections obtained from diffusion tractography of 129 healthy adults. Our results showed that in all 3 patients, disruption extended to connections projecting to areas distant from the lesion. We confirmed that the damaged tracts link areas that in contemporary neuroscience are considered functionally engaged for tasks related to emotion and decision-making (Gage), language production (Leborgne), and declarative memory (Molaison). Our findings suggest that even historic cases should be reappraised within a disconnection framework whose principles were plainly established by the associationist schools in the last 2 centuries. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.

The Atlanta Campaign: Principle of the Objective Revisited

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-06-06

conclusion« of the thesis are : 1. The Union commander applied the principle of the objective during the campaign pushing the Confederate force« to a town 20...Official Records of the Confederate and Onion Arnde«. Conclusions of the thesis are that Sherman applied the principle of the objective until the...rfWrwM»»»"«»w*l^n II IIUU«!..«!! Ü!.’. ■ ■LL.l- »oÜabV In 1970, I uas .issl^r.tJ tc :i«dquirt«».-:t Tlurf Ar -.y *t Fort I’.cPhtrson In th

Pair correlation and twin primes revisited.

PubMed

Conrey, Brian; Keating, Jonathan P

2016-10-01

We establish a connection between the conjectural two-over-two ratios formula for the Riemann zeta-function and a conjecture concerning correlations of a certain arithmetic function. Specifically, we prove that the ratios conjecture and the arithmetic correlations conjecture imply the same result. This casts a new light on the underpinnings of the ratios conjecture, which previously had been motivated by analogy with formulae in random matrix theory and by a heuristic recipe.

Pair correlation and twin primes revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conrey, Brian; Keating, Jonathan P.

2016-10-01

We establish a connection between the conjectural two-over-two ratios formula for the Riemann zeta-function and a conjecture concerning correlations of a certain arithmetic function. Specifically, we prove that the ratios conjecture and the arithmetic correlations conjecture imply the same result. This casts a new light on the underpinnings of the ratios conjecture, which previously had been motivated by analogy with formulae in random matrix theory and by a heuristic recipe.

Functional Renormalization Group Flows on Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker backgrounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Platania, Alessia; Saueressig, Frank

2018-06-01

We revisit the construction of the gravitational functional renormalization group equation tailored to the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formulation emphasizing its connection to the covariant formulation. The results obtained from projecting the renormalization group flow onto the Einstein-Hilbert action are reviewed in detail and we provide a novel example illustrating how the formalism may be connected to the causal dynamical triangulations approach to quantum gravity.

The problem of hole localization in inner-shell states of N2 and CO2 revisited with complete active space self-consistent field approach.

PubMed

Rocha, Alexandre B; de Moura, Carlos E V

2011-12-14

Potential energy curves for inner-shell states of nitrogen and carbon dioxide molecules are calculated by inner-shell complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method, which is a protocol, recently proposed, to obtain specifically converged inner-shell states at multiconfigurational level. This is possible since the collapse of the wave function to a low-lying state is avoided by a sequence of constrained optimization in the orbital mixing step. The problem of localization of K-shell states is revisited by calculating their energies at CASSCF level based on both localized and delocalized orbitals. The localized basis presents the best results at this level of calculation. Transition energies are also calculated by perturbation theory, by taking the above mentioned MCSCF function as zeroth order wave function. Values for transition energy are in fairly good agreement with experimental ones. Bond dissociation energies for N(2) are considerably high, which means that these states are strongly bound. Potential curves along ground state normal modes of CO(2) indicate the occurrence of Renner-Teller effect in inner-shell states. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

Revisiting the Issues: The Uniform Adoption Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollinger, Joan Heifetz

1995-01-01

Discusses how a complex regulatory system, along with a lack of consensus about the functions served by adoption, produces uncertainty on many basic issues, including distinguishing lawful adoption versus illegal "baby-selling." The author recommends passage of more uniform state adoption laws, describes the 1994 Uniform Adoption Act,…

Modeling spatio-temporal wildfire ignition point patterns

Treesearch

Amanda S. Hering; Cynthia L. Bell; Marc G. Genton

2009-01-01

We analyze and model the structure of spatio-temporal wildfire ignitions in the St. Johns River Water Management District in northeastern Florida. Previous studies, based on the K-function and an assumption of homogeneity, have shown that wildfire events occur in clusters. We revisit this analysis based on an inhomogeneous K-...

Revisiting Mr. Tall and Mr. Short

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riehl, Suzanne M.; Steinthorsdottir, Olof Bjorg

2014-01-01

Ratio, rate, and proportion are central ideas in the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for middle-grades mathematics (CCSSI 2010). These ideas closely connect to themes in earlier grades (pattern building, multiplicative reasoning, rational number concepts) and are the foundation for understanding linear functions as well as many high school…

"General Education in Action": Revisited after Thirty Years.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, B. Lamar

1982-01-01

Reviews the findings of the 1952 California Study of General Education and their current applicability. Considers reasons for supporting general education, instructional approaches in use in 1952 (i.e., great books, liberal arts, survey of fields of knowledge, functional courses, infusion approach, and composite of approaches), and fields using…

Cultures-of-Use and Morphologies of Communicative Action

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thorne, Steven L.

2016-01-01

In this article I revisit the cultures-of-use conceptual framework--that technologies, as forms and processes comprising human culture, mediate and assume variable meanings, values, and conventionalized functions for different communities (Thorne, 2003). I trace the antecedent arc of investigation and serendipitous encounters that led to the 2003…

School-Based Kindergarten Transition Practices and Child Outcomes: Revisiting the Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Michael H.

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between school-based kindergarten transition practices and student achievement and executive functioning using recent, nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11. The analysis employed 3-level hierarchical linear models and…

Setting the Revisit Interval in Primary Care

PubMed Central

Schwartz, Lisa M; Woloshin, Steven; Wasson, John H; Renfrew, Roger A; Welch, H Gilbert

1999-01-01

OBJECTIVE Although longitudinal care constitutes the bulk of primary care, physicians receive little guidance on the fundamental question of how to time follow-up visits. We sought to identify important predictors of the revisit interval and to describe the variability in how physicians set these intervals when caring for patients with common medical conditions. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of physicians performed at the end of office visits for consecutive patients with hypertension, angina, diabetes, or musculoskeletal pain. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING One hundred sixty-four patients under the care of 11 primary care physicians in the Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Research Network. MEASUREMENTS The main outcome measures were the variability in mean revisit intervals across physicians and the proportion of explained variance by potential determinants of revisit intervals. We assessed the relation between the revisit interval (dependent variable) and three groups of independent variables, patient characteristics (e.g., age, physician perception of patient health), identification of individual physician, and physician characterization of the visit (e.g., routine visit, visit requiring a change in management, or visit occurring on a “hectic” day), using multiple regression that accounted for the natural grouping of patients within physician. MAIN RESULTS Revisit intervals ranged from 1 week to over 1 year. The most common intervals were 12 and 16 weeks. Physicians’ perception of fair-poor health status and visits involving a change in management were most strongly related to shorter revisit intervals. In multivariate analyses, patient characteristics explained about 18% of the variance in revisit intervals, and adding identification of the individual provider doubled the explained variance to about 40%. Physician characterization of the visit increased explained variance to 57%. The average revisit interval adjusted for patient characteristics for each of the 11 physicians varied from 4 to 20 weeks. Although all physicians lengthened revisit intervals for routine visits and shortened them when changing management, the relative ranking of mean revisit intervals for each physician changed little for different visit characterizations—some physicians were consistently long and others were consistently short. CONCLUSION Physicians vary widely in their recommendations for office revisits. Patient factors accounted for only a small part of this variation. Although physicians responded to visits in predictable ways, each physician appeared to have a unique set point for the length of the revisits interval. PMID:10203635

Architectural and functional commonalities between enhancers and promoters

PubMed Central

Kim, Tae-Kyung; Shiekhattar, Ramin

2015-01-01

Summary With the explosion of genome-wide studies of regulated transcription, it has become clear that traditional definitions of enhancers and promoters need to be revisited. These control elements can now be characterized in terms of their local and regional architecture, their regulatory components including histone modifications and associated binding factors and their functional contribution to transcription. This review discusses unifying themes between promoters and enhancers in transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. PMID:26317464

Time-varying bispectral analysis of visually evoked multi-channel EEG

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chandran, Vinod

2012-12-01

Theoretical foundations of higher order spectral analysis are revisited to examine the use of time-varying bicoherence on non-stationary signals using a classical short-time Fourier approach. A methodology is developed to apply this to evoked EEG responses where a stimulus-locked time reference is available. Short-time windowed ensembles of the response at the same offset from the reference are considered as ergodic cyclostationary processes within a non-stationary random process. Bicoherence can be estimated reliably with known levels at which it is significantly different from zero and can be tracked as a function of offset from the stimulus. When this methodology is applied to multi-channel EEG, it is possible to obtain information about phase synchronization at different regions of the brain as the neural response develops. The methodology is applied to analyze evoked EEG response to flash visual stimulii to the left and right eye separately. The EEG electrode array is segmented based on bicoherence evolution with time using the mean absolute difference as a measure of dissimilarity. Segment maps confirm the importance of the occipital region in visual processing and demonstrate a link between the frontal and occipital regions during the response. Maps are constructed using bicoherence at bifrequencies that include the alpha band frequency of 8Hz as well as 4 and 20Hz. Differences are observed between responses from the left eye and the right eye, and also between subjects. The methodology shows potential as a neurological functional imaging technique that can be further developed for diagnosis and monitoring using scalp EEG which is less invasive and less expensive than magnetic resonance imaging.

Economy and job contract as contexts of sickness absence practices: revisiting locality and habitus.

PubMed

Virtanen, P; Vahtera, J; Nakari, R; Pentti, J; Kivimäki, M

2004-04-01

This study revisits two Finnish local governments-Raisio and Nokia-that in an earlier study showed different sickness absence rates in the early 1990s. The locality difference was interpreted sociologically, within a framework inspired by Bourdieu's theory of social field, habitus and practice. The same framework is applied in the present study, starting out from the hypothesis that a constant historical and cultural locality context tends to reproduce prevailing sickness absence practices. The hypothesis was tested by extending the context beyond the locality to the macroeconomic fluctuations that occurred during the 1990s and to the type of employment contract. In both localities a 30% rise was observed in levels of sickness absence from 1991-1993 to 1997-2000. At the beginning of the 1990s the absence rate among permanent employees was 1.86 times higher in Nokia than in Raisio; at the end of the decade the corresponding rate ratio was 1.88. The absence rates were significantly lower among fixed-term employees than permanent employees, but the locality difference was seen in their case, too. Both results support the hypothesis. In spite of major changes taking place in the national economy, the differences between the two towns' sickness absence rates persisted, which in this particular case probably reflects the persisting working-class character of Nokia and middle-class character of Raisio. The theory also applies to the difference between permanent and fixed-term employees: the peripheral power position of the latter on work related social fields leads to the observed practices, i.e. to the relatively low absence rate. The results of our revisit give reason to recapitulate and elaborate upon our theoretical interpretation with a view to deepening our understanding of the social origins of sickness absence practices in the post-industrial workplace, which is characterised by increasing atypical employment and growing job insecurity.

Effective transient behaviour of inclusions in diffusion problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brassart, Laurence; Stainier, Laurent

2018-06-01

This paper is concerned with the effective transport properties of heterogeneous media in which there is a high contrast between the phase diffusivities. In this case the transient response of the slow phase induces a memory effect at the macroscopic scale, which needs to be included in a macroscopic continuum description. This paper focuses on the slow phase, which we take as a dispersion of inclusions of arbitrary shape. We revisit the linear diffusion problem in such inclusions in order to identify the structure of the effective (average) inclusion response to a chemical load applied on the inclusion boundary. We identify a chemical creep function (similar to the creep function of viscoelasticity), from which we construct estimates with a reduced number of relaxation modes. The proposed estimates admit an equivalent representation based on a finite number of internal variables. These estimates allow us to predict the average inclusion response under arbitrary time-varying boundary conditions at very low computational cost. A heuristic generalisation to concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient is also presented. The proposed estimates for the effective transient response of an inclusion can serve as a building block for the formulation of multi-inclusion homogenisation schemes.

How Cations Can Assist DNase I in DNA Binding and Hydrolysis

PubMed Central

Guéroult, Marc; Picot, Daniel; Abi-Ghanem, Joséphine; Hartmann, Brigitte; Baaden, Marc

2010-01-01

DNase I requires Ca2+ and Mg2+ for hydrolyzing double-stranded DNA. However, the number and the location of DNase I ion-binding sites remain unclear, as well as the role of these counter-ions. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that bovine pancreatic (bp) DNase I contains four ion-binding pockets. Two of them strongly bind Ca2+ while the other two sites coordinate Mg2+. These theoretical results are strongly supported by revisiting crystallographic structures that contain bpDNase I. One Ca2+ stabilizes the functional DNase I structure. The presence of Mg2+ in close vicinity to the catalytic pocket of bpDNase I reinforces the idea of a cation-assisted hydrolytic mechanism. Importantly, Poisson-Boltzmann-type electrostatic potential calculations demonstrate that the divalent cations collectively control the electrostatic fit between bpDNase I and DNA. These results improve our understanding of the essential role of cations in the biological function of bpDNase I. The high degree of conservation of the amino acids involved in the identified cation-binding sites across DNase I and DNase I-like proteins from various species suggests that our findings generally apply to all DNase I-DNA interactions. PMID:21124947

Habitat destruction and the extinction debt revisited

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loehle, C.

1996-02-01

A very important analysis of the problem of habitat destruction concluded that such destruction may lead to an extinction debt, which is the irreversible loss of species following a prolonged transient or delay. An error in interpretation of this model led the authors to apply the results to all types of habitat destruction, but in fact the model applies only to an across-the-board decrease in fecundity, not to disturbances. For repeated, spatially random disturbance, a different model applies. For habitat destruction on regional scales (reduction in ecosystem area without disturbance in remnant areas), one must, in contrast, apply species-area relationsmore » based on the distribution of different habitat types (e.g., elevational and rainfall gradients, physiographic and edaphic variability). The error in interpretation of the basic model is presented, followed by clarification of model usage and development of a new model that applies to disturbance events.« less

Luria revisited: cognitive research in schizophrenia, past implications and future challenges.

PubMed

Zaytseva, Yuliya; Chan, Raymond C K; Pöppel, Ernst; Heinz, Andreas

2015-02-27

Contemporary psychiatry is becoming more biologically oriented in the attempt to elicit a biological rationale of mental diseases. Although mental disorders comprise mostly functional abnormalities, there is a substantial overlap between neurology and psychiatry in addressing cognitive disturbances. In schizophrenia, the presence of cognitive impairment prior to the onset of psychosis and early after its manifestation suggests that some neurocognitive abnormalities precede the onset of psychosis and may represent a trait marker. These cognitive alterations may arise from functional disconnectivity, as no significant brain damage has been found. In this review we aim to revise A.R. Luria's systematic approach used in the neuropsychological evaluation of cognitive functions, which was primarily applied in patients with neurological disorders and in the cognitive evaluation in schizophrenia and other related disorders. As proposed by Luria, cognitive processes, associated with higher cortical functions, may represent functional systems that are not localized in narrow, circumscribed areas of the brain, but occur among groups of concertedly working brain structures, each of which makes its own particular contribution to the organization of the functional system. Current developments in neuroscience provide evidence of functional connectivity in the brain. Therefore, Luria's approach may serve as a frame of reference for the analysis and interpretation of cognitive functions in general and their abnormalities in schizophrenia in particular. Having said that, modern technology, as well as experimental evidence, may help us to understand the brain better and lead us towards creating a new classification of cognitive functions. In schizophrenia research, multidisciplinary approaches must be utilized to address specific cognitive alterations. The relationships among the components of cognitive functions derived from the functional connectivity of the brain may provide an insight into cognitive machinery.

A new test of multivariate nonlinear causality

PubMed Central

Bai, Zhidong; Jiang, Dandan; Lv, Zhihui; Wong, Wing-Keung; Zheng, Shurong

2018-01-01

The multivariate nonlinear Granger causality developed by Bai et al. (2010) (Mathematics and Computers in simulation. 2010; 81: 5-17) plays an important role in detecting the dynamic interrelationships between two groups of variables. Following the idea of Hiemstra-Jones (HJ) test proposed by Hiemstra and Jones (1994) (Journal of Finance. 1994; 49(5): 1639-1664), they attempt to establish a central limit theorem (CLT) of their test statistic by applying the asymptotical property of multivariate U-statistic. However, Bai et al. (2016) (2016; arXiv: 1701.03992) revisit the HJ test and find that the test statistic given by HJ is NOT a function of U-statistics which implies that the CLT neither proposed by Hiemstra and Jones (1994) nor the one extended by Bai et al. (2010) is valid for statistical inference. In this paper, we re-estimate the probabilities and reestablish the CLT of the new test statistic. Numerical simulation shows that our new estimates are consistent and our new test performs decent size and power. PMID:29304085

Mutated hilltop inflation revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pal, Barun Kumar

2018-05-01

In this work we re-investigate pros and cons of mutated hilltop inflation. Applying Hamilton-Jacobi formalism we solve inflationary dynamics and find that inflation goes on along the {W}_{-1} branch of the Lambert function. Depending on the model parameter mutated hilltop model renders two types of inflationary solutions: one corresponds to small inflaton excursion during observable inflation and the other describes large field inflation. The inflationary observables from curvature perturbation are in tune with the current data for a wide range of the model parameter. The small field branch predicts negligible amount of tensor to scalar ratio r˜ O(10^{-4}), while the large field sector is capable of generating high amplitude for tensor perturbations, r˜ O(10^{-1}). Also, the spectral index is almost independent of the model parameter along with a very small negative amount of scalar running. Finally we find that the mutated hilltop inflation closely resembles the α -attractor class of inflationary models in the limit of α φ ≫ 1.

A new test of multivariate nonlinear causality.

PubMed

Bai, Zhidong; Hui, Yongchang; Jiang, Dandan; Lv, Zhihui; Wong, Wing-Keung; Zheng, Shurong

2018-01-01

The multivariate nonlinear Granger causality developed by Bai et al. (2010) (Mathematics and Computers in simulation. 2010; 81: 5-17) plays an important role in detecting the dynamic interrelationships between two groups of variables. Following the idea of Hiemstra-Jones (HJ) test proposed by Hiemstra and Jones (1994) (Journal of Finance. 1994; 49(5): 1639-1664), they attempt to establish a central limit theorem (CLT) of their test statistic by applying the asymptotical property of multivariate U-statistic. However, Bai et al. (2016) (2016; arXiv: 1701.03992) revisit the HJ test and find that the test statistic given by HJ is NOT a function of U-statistics which implies that the CLT neither proposed by Hiemstra and Jones (1994) nor the one extended by Bai et al. (2010) is valid for statistical inference. In this paper, we re-estimate the probabilities and reestablish the CLT of the new test statistic. Numerical simulation shows that our new estimates are consistent and our new test performs decent size and power.

A Monte Carlo simulation to the performance of the R/S and V/S methods—Statistical revisit and real world application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Ling-Yun; Qian, Wen-Bin

2012-07-01

A correct or precise estimation of the Hurst exponent is one of the fundamentally important problems in the financial economics literature. There are three widely used tools to estimate the Hurst exponent, the canonical rescaled range (R/S), the variance rescaled statistic (V/S) and the Modified rescaled range (Modified R/S). To clarify their performance, we compare them by Monte Carlo simulations; we generate many time-series of a fractal Brownian motion, of a Weierstrass-Mandelbrot cosine fractal function and of a fractionally integrated process, whose theoretical Hurst exponents are known, to compare the Hurst exponents estimated by the three methods. To better understand their pragmatic performance, we further apply all of these methods empirically in real-world applications. Our results imply it is not appropriate to conclude simply which method is better as V/S performs better when the analyzed market is anti-persistent while R/S seems to be a reliable tool used in persistent market.

Dopaminergic dysfunction in schizophrenia: salience attribution revisited.

PubMed

Heinz, Andreas; Schlagenhauf, Florian

2010-05-01

A dysregulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system in schizophrenia patients may lead to aberrant attribution of incentive salience and contribute to the emergence of psychopathological symptoms like delusions. The dopaminergic signal has been conceptualized to represent a prediction error that indicates the difference between received and predicted reward. The incentive salience hypothesis states that dopamine mediates the attribution of "incentive salience" to conditioned cues that predict reward. This hypothesis was initially applied in the context of drug addiction and then transferred to schizophrenic psychosis. It was hypothesized that increased firing (chaotic or stress associated) of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum of schizophrenia patients attributes incentive salience to otherwise irrelevant stimuli. Here, we review recent neuroimaging studies directly addressing this hypothesis. They suggest that neuronal functions associated with dopaminergic signaling, such as the attribution of salience to reward-predicting stimuli and the computation of prediction errors, are indeed altered in schizophrenia patients and that this impairment appears to contribute to delusion formation.

Collision-induced absorption with exchange effects and anisotropic interactions: theory and application to H2 - H2.

PubMed

Karman, Tijs; van der Avoird, Ad; Groenenboom, Gerrit C

2015-02-28

We discuss three quantum mechanical formalisms for calculating collision-induced absorption spectra. First, we revisit the established theory of collision-induced absorption, assuming distinguishable molecules which interact isotropically. Then, the theory is rederived incorporating exchange effects between indistinguishable molecules. It is shown that the spectrum can no longer be written as an incoherent sum of the contributions of the different spherical components of the dipole moment. Finally, we derive an efficient method to include the effects of anisotropic interactions in the computation of the absorption spectrum. This method calculates the dipole coupling on-the-fly, which allows for the uncoupled treatment of the initial and final states without the explicit reconstruction of the many-component wave functions. The three formalisms are applied to the collision-induced rotation-translation spectra of hydrogen molecules in the far-infrared. Good agreement with experimental data is obtained. Significant effects of anisotropic interactions are observed in the far wing.

Similarity Measures for Protein Ensembles

PubMed Central

Lindorff-Larsen, Kresten; Ferkinghoff-Borg, Jesper

2009-01-01

Analyses of similarities and changes in protein conformation can provide important information regarding protein function and evolution. Many scores, including the commonly used root mean square deviation, have therefore been developed to quantify the similarities of different protein conformations. However, instead of examining individual conformations it is in many cases more relevant to analyse ensembles of conformations that have been obtained either through experiments or from methods such as molecular dynamics simulations. We here present three approaches that can be used to compare conformational ensembles in the same way as the root mean square deviation is used to compare individual pairs of structures. The methods are based on the estimation of the probability distributions underlying the ensembles and subsequent comparison of these distributions. We first validate the methods using a synthetic example from molecular dynamics simulations. We then apply the algorithms to revisit the problem of ensemble averaging during structure determination of proteins, and find that an ensemble refinement method is able to recover the correct distribution of conformations better than standard single-molecule refinement. PMID:19145244

The Minimum-Mass Surface Density of the Solar Nebula using the Disk Evolution Equation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Sanford S.

2005-01-01

The Hayashi minimum-mass power law representation of the pre-solar nebula (Hayashi 1981, Prog. Theo. Phys.70,35) is revisited using analytic solutions of the disk evolution equation. A new cumulative-planetary-mass-model (an integrated form of the surface density) is shown to predict a smoother surface density compared with methods based on direct estimates of surface density from planetary data. First, a best-fit transcendental function is applied directly to the cumulative planetary mass data with the surface density obtained by direct differentiation. Next a solution to the time-dependent disk evolution equation is parametrically adapted to the planetary data. The latter model indicates a decay rate of r -1/2 in the inner disk followed by a rapid decay which results in a sharper outer boundary than predicted by the minimum mass model. The model is shown to be a good approximation to the finite-size early Solar Nebula and by extension to extra solar protoplanetary disks.

A Distance Judgment Function Based on Space Perception Mechanisms: Revisiting Gilinsky's (1951) Equation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ooi, Teng Leng; He, Zijiang J.

2007-01-01

In her seminal article in "Psychological Review," A. S. Gilinsky (1951) successfully described the relationship between physical distance (D) and perceived distance (d) with the equation d = DA/(A + D), where A = constant. To understand its theoretical underpinning, the authors of the current article capitalized on space perception mechanisms…

Hospital marketing revisited.

PubMed

Costello, M M

1987-05-01

With more hospitals embracing the marketing function in their organizational management over the past decade, hospital marketing can no longer be considered a fad. However, a review of hospital marketing efforts as reported in the professional literature indicates that hospitals must pay greater attention to the marketing mix elements of service, price and distribution channels as their programs mature.

Finding Optimal Functioning in a Sexist World: A Social Justice Challenge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoder, Janice D.

2012-01-01

Focusing in on a point of convergence among the three reactions generously shared regarding Yoder, Snell, and Tobias (2012), the author revisits our original interpretation of the configuration we labeled awakening feminism as well as its implications for counseling practice. Rather than regard awakening feminism as a distressful stage through…

The "Incestuous Family" Revisited: A Critical Analysis of Family Therapy Myths.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

James, Kerrie; MacKinnon, Laurie

1990-01-01

Critiques family therapy literature concerning incest. Identifies pervasive myths claiming that (1) fathers and mothers are pathologically disturbed or inadequate; (2) incest is caused by separation and loss; (3) family isolation or a rigid external boundary explains incest; and (4) incest serves a function in maintaining family organization.…

Principle-Based Inferences in Young Children's Categorization: Revisiting the Impact of Function on the Naming of Artifacts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Deborah G. Kemler

1995-01-01

Three studies investigated the influence of principle-based inferences and unprincipled similarity relations on new category learning by three- to six-year-old children. Results indicated that categorization into newly learned categories may activate self-initiated, principle-based reasoning in young children, suggesting that spontaneous…

A Reply to the "Forbs" Article or the Political Theory of School Finance Revisited: A Victorian Essay.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hickrod, G. Alan

1987-01-01

Examines a "Forbes" cover story on educational expenditures that poses questions related to three current research guidelines for educational finance: adequacy, equity, and efficiency. Different "production functions" must be sought for children of differing family backgrounds. Without adequate education, the world's armies,…

From Virtual Environments to Physical Environments: Exploring Interactivity in Ubiquitous-Learning Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peng, Hsinyi; Chou, Chien; Chang, Chun-Yu

2008-01-01

Computing devices and applications are now used beyond the desktop, in diverse environments, and this trend toward ubiquitous computing is evolving. In this study, we re-visit the interactivity concept and its applications for interactive function design in a ubiquitous-learning system (ULS). Further, we compare interactivity dimensions and…

Higher Education Equity: The Crisis of Appearance Versus Reality--Revisited. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Advisory Committee on Black Higher Education and Black Colleges and Universities (DHEW), Washington, DC.

The work of the National Advisory Committee on Black Higher Education and Black Colleges and Universities during 1977-1982 is discussed, and information and recommendations on black students and black colleges are presented. After describing the committee's background and functions, the following issues concerning equity for black Americans in…

Working Memory, Long-Term Memory, and Medial Temporal Lobe Function

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jeneson, Annette; Squire, Larry R.

2012-01-01

Early studies of memory-impaired patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage led to the view that the hippocampus and related MTL structures are involved in the formation of long-term memory and that immediate memory and working memory are independent of these structures. This traditional idea has recently been revisited. Impaired performance…

Revisiting Economies of Size in American Education: Are We Any Closer to a Consensus?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrews, Matthew; Duncombe, William; Yinger, John

2002-01-01

Explores whether state policies encouraging the consolidation of rural school districts to improve efficiency through economies of scale are substantiated in the research literature. Reviews three decades of research on education economies of scale involving cost and production-function studies. Finds little program-evaluation research on school…

Locally Dependent Latent Trait Model and the Dutch Identity Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ip, Edward H.

2002-01-01

Proposes a class of locally dependent latent trait models for responses to psychological and educational tests. Focuses on models based on a family of conditional distributions, or kernel, that describes joint multiple item responses as a function of student latent trait, not assuming conditional independence. Also proposes an EM algorithm for…

Age Changes in the Missing-Letter Effect Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saint-Aubin, J.; Klein, R.M.; Landry, T.

2005-01-01

When participants search for a target letter while reading, they make more omissions if the target letter is embedded in frequent function words than in less frequent content words. Reflecting developmental changes in component language and literacy skills, the size of this effect increases with age. With adults, the missing-letter effect is due…

Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory revisit: An orbital-free density functional theory perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Yichao; Wei, Yihai; Guo, Xu

2017-12-01

In the present paper, the well-established Gurtin-Murdoch theory of surface elasticity (Gurtin and Murdoch, 1975, 1978) is revisited from an orbital-free density functional theory (OFDFT) perspective by taking the boundary layer into consideration. Our analysis indicates that firstly, the quantities introduced in the Gurtin-Murdoch theory of surface elasticity can all find their explicit expressions in the derived OFDFT-based theoretical model. Secondly, the derived expression for surface energy density captures a competition between the surface normal derivatives of the electron density and the electrostatic potential, which well rationalises the onset of signed elastic constants that are observed both experimentally and computationally. Thirdly, the established model naturally yields an inversely linear relationship between the materials surface stiffness and its size, which conforms to relevant findings in literature. Since the proposed OFDFT-based model is established under arbitrarily imposed boundary condition of electron density, electrostatic potential and external load, it also has the potential of being used to investigate the electro-mechanical behaviour of nanoscale materials manifesting surface effect.

Revisiting the use of 'place' as an analytic tool for elucidating geographic issues central to Canadian rural palliative care.

PubMed

Giesbrecht, Melissa; Crooks, Valorie A; Castleden, Heather; Schuurman, Nadine; Skinner, Mark W; Williams, Allison M

2016-09-01

In 2010, Castleden and colleagues published a paper in this journal using the concept of 'place' as an analytic tool to understand the nature of palliative care provision in a rural region in British Columbia, Canada. This publication was based upon pilot data collected for a larger research project that has since been completed. With the addition of 40 semi-structured interviews with users and providers of palliative care in four other rural communities located across Canada, we revisit Castleden and colleagues' (2010) original framework. Applying the concept of place to the full dataset confirmed the previously published findings, but also revealed two new place-based dimensions related to experiences of rural palliative care in Canada: (1) borders and boundaries; and (2) 'making' place for palliative care progress. These new findings offer a refined understanding of the complex interconnections between various dimensions of place and palliative care in rural Canada. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Revisiting the 'Low BirthWeight paradox' using a model-based definition.

PubMed

Juárez, Sol; Ploubidis, George B; Clarke, Lynda

2014-01-01

Immigrant mothers in Spain have a lower risk of delivering Low BirthWeight (LBW) babies in comparison to Spaniards (LBW paradox). This study aimed at revisiting this finding by applying a model-based threshold as an alternative to the conventional definition of LBW. Vital information data from Madrid was used (2005-2006). LBW was defined in two ways (less than 2500g and Wilcox's proposal). Logistic and linear regression models were run. According to common definition of LBW (less than 2500g) there is evidence to support the LBW paradox in Spain. Nevertheless, when an alternative model-based definition of LBW is used, the paradox is only clearly present in mothers from the rest of Southern America, suggesting a possible methodological bias effect. In the future, any examination of the existence of the LBW paradox should incorporate model-based definitions of LBW in order to avoid methodological bias. Copyright © 2013 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

An Ongoing Program for Monitoring the Moon for Meteoroid Impacts (Abstract)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cudnik, B.; Saganti, S.; Ali, F.; Ali, S.; Beharie, T.; Anugwom, B.

2017-12-01

(Abstract only) Lunar meteor impacts are surprisingly frequent phenomena, with well over one hundred observable events occurring each year. Of these a little over half arise from members of annual meteor showers (e.g. Perseids, Leonids, etc.), with the rest being sporadic in origin. Five years ago, I (BC) introduced to the SAS Symposium the idea of observing lunar meteoroid impact phenomena and applying these observations to a space mission (LADEE-Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer) that launched the following year. Now, five years later I revisit and reintroduce the activities of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers-Lunar Meteoritic Impact Search (ALPO-LMIS) section and share some of the latest observations that have been received. For over 17 years now, ALPO has hosted the LMIS section, for which I have served as coordinator since its inception. In this paper, I will revisit the main ideas of the earlier paper, share some recent observations of lunar meteors, and provide new initiatives and projects interested persons can participate in.

The LDL receptor gene family: signaling functions during development.

PubMed

Howell, B W; Herz, J

2001-02-01

The traditional views regarding the biological functions of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family have been revisited recently with new evidence that at least some of the members of this receptor family act as signal-transduction molecules. Known for their role in endocytosis, particularly of their namesake the LDLs, and for their role in the prevention of atherosclerosis, these receptors belong to an ancient family with numerous ligands, effector molecules and functions. Recent evidence implicates this family of receptors in diverse signaling pathways, long-term potentiation and neuronal degeneration.

Sequence-structure relationship study in all-α transmembrane proteins using an unsupervised learning approach.

PubMed

Esque, Jérémy; Urbain, Aurélie; Etchebest, Catherine; de Brevern, Alexandre G

2015-11-01

Transmembrane proteins (TMPs) are major drug targets, but the knowledge of their precise topology structure remains highly limited compared with globular proteins. In spite of the difficulties in obtaining their structures, an important effort has been made these last years to increase their number from an experimental and computational point of view. In view of this emerging challenge, the development of computational methods to extract knowledge from these data is crucial for the better understanding of their functions and in improving the quality of structural models. Here, we revisit an efficient unsupervised learning procedure, called Hybrid Protein Model (HPM), which is applied to the analysis of transmembrane proteins belonging to the all-α structural class. HPM method is an original classification procedure that efficiently combines sequence and structure learning. The procedure was initially applied to the analysis of globular proteins. In the present case, HPM classifies a set of overlapping protein fragments, extracted from a non-redundant databank of TMP 3D structure. After fine-tuning of the learning parameters, the optimal classification results in 65 clusters. They represent at best similar relationships between sequence and local structure properties of TMPs. Interestingly, HPM distinguishes among the resulting clusters two helical regions with distinct hydrophobic patterns. This underlines the complexity of the topology of these proteins. The HPM classification enlightens unusual relationship between amino acids in TMP fragments, which can be useful to elaborate new amino acids substitution matrices. Finally, two challenging applications are described: the first one aims at annotating protein functions (channel or not), the second one intends to assess the quality of the structures (X-ray or models) via a new scoring function deduced from the HPM classification.

Association of emergency department albuterol dispensing with pediatric asthma revisits and readmissions.

PubMed

Hall, A Brad; Novotny, April; Bhisitkul, Donna M; Melton, James; Regan, Tim; Leckie, Maureen

2017-06-01

Although pediatric asthma continues to be a highly studied disease, data to suggest clear strategies to decrease asthma related revisits or readmissions is lacking. The purpose of our study was to assess the effect of emergency department (ED) direct dispensing of beta-agonist metered dose inhalers on pediatric asthma ED revisit and readmission rates. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients discharged from the pediatric ED with a diagnosis of asthma. Our primary outcome measured the rate of asthma revisits to the ED or admissions to the hospital within 28 days. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess ED beta-agonist MDI dispensing and revisit and/or readmission as the outcome. A total of 853 patients met eligibility for inclusion in the study, with 657 enrolled in the Baseline group and 196 enrolled in the ED-MDI group. The Baseline group experienced a revisit and readmission rate of 7.0% (46/657) versus 2.6% (5/196) in the ED-MDI group, (p = 0.026). ED direct dispensing of MDIs was found to be independently associated with a decreased risk of revisit or readmission (odds ratio 0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.95). In our study, ED direct dispensing of beta-agonist MDIs resulted in a reduction in 28-day revisit and readmission to the hospital. Further studies should be performed to evaluate the economic impact of reducing these revisits and readmissions against the costs of maintaining a dispensing program. Our findings may support modification of asthma programs to include dispensing MDIs from the emergency department.

Pangloss revisited: a critique of the dilution effect and the biodiversity-buffers-disease paradigm.

PubMed

Randolph, S E; Dobson, A D M

2012-06-01

The twin concepts of zooprophylaxis and the dilution effect originated with vector-borne diseases (malaria), were driven forward by studies on Lyme borreliosis and have now developed into the mantra "biodiversity protects against disease". The basic idea is that by diluting the assemblage of transmission-competent hosts with non-competent hosts, the probability of vectors feeding on transmission-competent hosts is reduced and so the abundance of infected vectors is lowered. The same principle has recently been applied to other infectious disease systems--tick-borne, insect-borne, indirectly transmitted via intermediate hosts, directly transmitted. It is claimed that the presence of extra species of various sorts, acting through a variety of distinct mechanisms, causes the prevalence of infectious agents to decrease. Examination of the theoretical and empirical evidence for this hypothesis reveals that it applies only in certain circumstances even amongst tick-borne diseases, and even less often if considering the correct metric--abundance rather than prevalence of infected vectors. Whether dilution or amplification occurs depends more on specific community composition than on biodiversity per se. We warn against raising a straw man, an untenable argument easily dismantled and dismissed. The intrinsic value of protecting biodiversity and ecosystem function outweighs this questionable utilitarian justification.

Factors Associated With Length of Stay and 30-Day Revisits in Pediatric Acute Pancreatitis.

PubMed

Gay, Anna C; Barreto, Nicolas; Schrager, Sheree M; Russell, Christopher J

2018-05-30

Identify factors associated with length of stay (LOS) and 30-day hospital revisit for patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis (AP). Multicenter, retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System database. Multilevel linear and logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with the primary outcome variables of LOS and 30-day hospital revisit in children aged 1-18 years discharged with a primary discharge diagnosis of AP from participating hospitals between 2008 and 2013. For the 7693 discharges, median LOS was 4 days (interquartile range 3-7 days) and 30-day revisit rate 17.6% (n = 1356). Discharges were primarily female (55%), Caucasian (46%), and six years old or older (85%). On multilevel regression, factors independently associated with both longer LOS and higher revisit odds included malignant and gastrointestinal complex chronic conditions and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) use while hospitalized. Male gender was associated with both lower LOS (aLOS = -0.6 days, 95% CI = -0.8, -0.4) and decreased revisit odds (aOR 0.85; 95% CI = 0.74, 0.97). Hispanic ethnicity was associated with increased LOS (aLOS = +0.8 days, 95% CI = +0.5, +1.1) but no change in revisit odds. Certain demographic and clinical factors, including gender, ethnicity, and type of complex chronic condition, were independently associated with LOS and risk of 30-day hospital revisit for pediatric AP. Children with malignant and gastrointestinal complex chronic conditions who require TPN are at highest risk for both longer LOS and hospital revisit when admitted with AP. These patient populations may benefit from intensive care coordination when hospitalized for AP.

Vasopressin for Hemorrhagic Shock Management: Revisiting the Potential Value in Civilian and Combat Casualty Care

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

get rid of weight relevant infusion bags . The rationale behind vasopressor drugs for cardiocirculatory stabilization in hemorrhage is based on our...Ringer’s and hydroxyethyl starch solu- tions were applied at this point in time, hepatic blood loss rapidly increased. These animals died of protracted...norepinephrine (20 g/kg followed by 1 g/kg/min) was combined with hypertonic starch solution, CPP and cerebral oxygenation were significantly increased and

Revisiting the AAUP Recommendation: The Viability of Collegiality as a Fourth Criterion for University Faculty Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnston, Pattie C.; Schimmel, Tammy; O'Hara, Hunter

2012-01-01

Legal rulings have called for the inclusion of collegiality as a fourth evaluation category for university faculty. Collegiality is considered to be any extra-role behavior that represents individuals' behavior that is discretionary, not recognized by the formal reward system and that, in the aggregate, promotes the effective functioning of the…

Alzheimer's Disease Can Spare Local Metacognition Despite Global Anosognosia: Revisiting the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship in Episodic Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallo, David A.; Cramer, Stefanie J.; Wong, Jessica T.; Bennett, David A.

2012-01-01

Alzheimer's disease (AD) can impair metacognition in addition to more basic cognitive functions like memory. However, while global metacognitive inaccuracies are well documented (i.e., low deficit awareness, or anosognosia), the evidence is mixed regarding the effects of AD on local or task-based metacognitive judgments. Here we investigated local…

Gender Roles Revisited: The Development of the "Woman's Place" among African American Women in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burgess, Norma J.

1994-01-01

Examines the black female's role in U.S. society, particularly with regard to working outside the home, and argues that one cannot understand what African American women are today without having a historical perspective for what their ancestors and their ancestors' roles, functions, and responsibilities were. An Afrocentric perspective is…

Random function theory revisited - Exact solutions versus the first order smoothing conjecture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lerche, I.; Parker, E. N.

1975-01-01

We remark again that the mathematical conjecture known as first order smoothing or the quasi-linear approximation does not give the correct dependence on correlation length (time) in many cases, although it gives the correct limit as the correlation length (time) goes to zero. In this sense, then, the method is unreliable.

Page, Text and Screen in the University: Revisiting the Illich Hypothesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marin, Lavinia; Masschelein, Jan; Simons, Maarten

2018-01-01

In the age of web 2.0, the university is constantly challenged to re-adapt its "old-fashioned" pedagogies to the new possibilities opened up by digital technologies. This article proposes a rethinking of the relation between university and (digital) technologies by focusing not on how technologies function in the university, but on their…

Should Less Inequality in Education Lead to a More Equal Income Distribution?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foldvari, Peter; van Leeuwen, Bas

2011-01-01

In this paper, we revisit the question whether inequality in education and human capital is closely related to income inequality. Using the most popular functional forms describing the relationship between, first, output and human capital and, second, education and human capital, we find that the effect of inequality in schooling on income…

Revisiting Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Nicole L.; Pollard, Elena; Ober-Reynolds, Sharman; Kirwan, Janet; Malligo, Amanda; Smith, Christopher J.

2015-01-01

Profiles of performance on the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) were examined in 73 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. SB5 cognitive profiles were observed to be similar between participants with and without early language delay, but different between participants with and…

Uniform gradient estimates on manifolds with a boundary and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Li-Juan; Thalmaier, Anton; Thompson, James

2018-04-01

We revisit the problem of obtaining uniform gradient estimates for Dirichlet and Neumann heat semigroups on Riemannian manifolds with boundary. As applications, we obtain isoperimetric inequalities, using Ledoux's argument, and uniform quantitative gradient estimates, firstly for C^2_b functions with boundary conditions and then for the unit spectral projection operators of Dirichlet and Neumann Laplacians.

Alternative Derivations for the Poisson Integral Formula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, J. T.; Wu, C. S.

2006-01-01

Poisson integral formula is revisited. The kernel in the Poisson integral formula can be derived in a series form through the direct BEM free of the concept of image point by using the null-field integral equation in conjunction with the degenerate kernels. The degenerate kernels for the closed-form Green's function and the series form of Poisson…

The Aspect Hypothesis Revisited: A Cross-Sectional Study of Tense and Aspect Marking in Interlanguage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robison, Richard E.

1995-01-01

This article examined the aspect hypothesis, which asserts that verb inflections in early interlanguage systems function primarily as markers of lexical aspect independent of the target language. A study of interviews conducted with 26 Puerto Rican college students grouped into 4 proficiency levels found that the association of inflections with…

Presenting the Straddle Lemma in an Introductory Real Analysis Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soares, A.; dos Santos, A. L.

2017-01-01

In this article, we revisit the concept of strong differentiability of real functions of one variable, underlying the concept of differentiability. Our discussion is guided by the Straddle Lemma, which plays a key role in this context. The proofs of the results presented are designed to meet a young audience in mathematics, typical of students in…

What Determines the Amount Students Borrow? Revisiting the Crisis-Convenience Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hart, Natala K.; Mustafa, Shoumi

2008-01-01

Recent studies have questioned the wisdom in blaming college costs for the escalation of student loans. It would appear that less affluent students borrow large amounts because inexpensive subsidized loans are available. This study attempted to verify the claim, estimating a model of the amount of loan received by students as a function of net…

Get Your Requirements Straight: Storyboarding Revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haesen, Mieke; Luyten, Kris; Coninx, Karin

Current user-centred software engineering (UCSE) approaches provide many techniques to combine know-how available in multidisciplinary teams. Although the involvement of various disciplines is beneficial for the user experience of the future application, the transition from a user needs analysis to a structured interaction analysis and UI design is not always straightforward. We propose storyboards, enriched by metadata, to specify functional and non-functional requirements. Accompanying tool support should facilitate the creation and use of storyboards. We used a meta-storyboard for the verification of storyboarding approaches.

The Effects of Korean Medical Service Quality and Satisfaction on Revisit Intention of the United Arab Emirates Government Sponsored Patients.

PubMed

Lee, Seoyoung; Kim, Eun-Kyung

2017-06-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate medical service quality, satisfaction and to examine factors influencing hospital revisit intention of the United Arab Emirates government sponsored patients in Korea. A total of 152 UAE government sponsored patients who visited Korean hospitals participated in the questionnaire survey from August to November 2016. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify the factors that affected the revisit intention of the participants. The mean scores of medical service quality, satisfaction, and revisit intention were 5.72 out of 7, 88.88 out of 100, 4.59 out of 5, respectively. Medical service quality and satisfaction, Medical service quality and revisit intention, satisfaction and revisit intention were positively correlated. Medical service of physician, visiting routes and responsiveness of medical service quality explained about 23.8% of revisit intention. There are needs for physicians to communicate with patients while ensuring sufficient consultation time based on excellent medical skills and nurses to respond immediately for the patients' needs through an empathic encounter in order to improve medical service quality and patient satisfaction so that to increase the revisit intention of the United Arab Emirates government sponsored patients. Further, it is necessary for the hospitals to have support plans for providing country specialized services in consideration of the UAE culture to ensure that physicians' and nurses' competencies are not undervalued by non-medical service elements such as interpreters and meals. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

On the ordinary mode instability for low beta plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hadi, F.; Qamar, A.; Bashir, M. F.

2014-05-15

The purely growing ordinary (O) mode instability, first discussed by Davidson and Wu [Phys. Fluids 13, 1407 (1970)], has recently received renewed attention owing to its potential applicability to the solar wind plasma. In a series of papers, Ibscher, Schlickeiser, and their colleagues [Phys. Plasmas 19, 072116 (2012); ibid. 20, 012103 (2013); ibid. 20, 042121 (2013); ibid. 21, 022110 (2014)] revisited the O mode instability and extended it to the low-beta plasma regime by considering a counter-streaming bi-Maxwellian model. However, the O-mode instability is, thus, far discussed only on the basis of the marginal stability condition rather than actual numericalmore » solutions of the dispersion relation. The present paper revisits the O-mode instability by considering the actual complex roots. The marginal stability condition as a function of the (electron) temperature anisotropy and beta naturally emerges in such a scheme.« less

Charged-particle multiplicity at LHC energies

ScienceCinema

Grosse-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete

2018-05-24

The talk presents the measurement of the pseudorapidity density and the multiplicity distribution with ALICE at the achieved LHC energies of 0.9 and 2.36 TeV.An overview about multiplicity measurements prior to LHC is given and the related theoretical concepts are briefly discussed.The analysis procedure is presented and the systematic uncertainties are detailed. The applied acceptance corrections and the treatment of diffraction are discussed.The results are compared with model predictions. The validity of KNO scaling in restricted phase space regions is revisited. 

IODC 1998 Lens Design Problem Revisited: A Strategy for Simplifying Glass Choices in an Apochromatic Design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seppala, L G

2000-09-15

A glass-choice strategy, based on separately designing an achromatic lens before progressing to an apochromatic lens, simplified my approach to solving the International Optical Design Conference (IODC) 1998 lens design problem. The glasses that are needed to make the lens apochromatic are combined into triplet correctors with two ''buried'' surfaces. By applying this strategy, I reached successful solutions that used only six glasses--three glasses for the achromatic design and three additional glasses for the apochromatic design.

14 CFR 1214.205 - Revisit and/or retrieval services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revisit and/or retrieval services. 1214.205... Reimbursement for Shuttle Services Provided to Civil U.S. Government Users and Foreign Users Who Have Made Substantial Investment in the STS Program § 1214.205 Revisit and/or retrieval services. These services will be...

Changing choices: disabled and chronically ill people's experiences of reconsidering choices.

PubMed

Baxter, Kate

2013-06-01

To increase understanding of disabled and chronically ill people's experiences of revisiting choices by considering events that prompted people to reconsider choices; what factors motivated them to act upon these events and what factors affected their experiences of revisiting choices. A sub-sample of 20 disabled and chronically ill people who took part in a qualitative, longitudinal study exploring choice-making in the context of changing circumstances. Each person was interviewed three times. Analysis focussed on choices that people had been prompted to revisit. Most choices were about health or social care and were revisited within a year due to: changes in health or social circumstances; poorer than expected outcomes; and external interventions. People were motivated to make changes by a desire to maintain independence and control, but perceived short-term costs of decision-making could act as a deterrent. Experiences of revisiting choices were affected by help from other people and emotional strength. Making and revisiting choices is complex; people need support to engage with the continual cycle of choice-making. People who instigate revisions of their own accord may be particularly vulnerable to lack of support.

Revisiting the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family reveals cryptic FLOWERING LOCUS T gene homologs in gymnosperms and sheds new light on functional evolution.

PubMed

Liu, Yan-Yan; Yang, Ke-Zhen; Wei, Xiao-Xin; Wang, Xiao-Quan

2016-11-01

Angiosperms and gymnosperms are two major groups of extant seed plants. It has been suggested that gymnosperms lack FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a key integrator at the core of flowering pathways in angiosperms. Taking advantage of newly released gymnosperm genomes, we revisited the evolutionary history of the plant phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family through phylogenetic reconstruction. Expression patterns in three gymnosperm taxa and heterologous expression in Arabidopsis were studied to investigate the functions of gymnosperm FT-like and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)-like genes. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that an ancient gene duplication predating the divergence of seed plants gave rise to the FT and TFL1 genes. Expression patterns indicate that gymnosperm TFL1-like genes play a role in the reproductive development process, while GymFT1 and GymFT2, the FT-like genes resulting from a duplication event in the common ancestor of gymnosperms, function in both growth rhythm and sexual development pathways. When expressed in Arabidopsis, both spruce FT-like and TFL1-like genes repressed flowering. Our study demonstrates that gymnosperms do have FT-like and TFL1-like genes. Frequent gene and genome duplications contributed significantly to the expansion of the plant PEBP gene family. The expression patterns of gymnosperm PEBP genes provide novel insight into the functional evolution of this gene family. © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

Intelligence Revisited

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-01

Harvest (Harcourt), San Diego, 1999. Dawkins , Richard, The Selfish Gene , ISBN 0192860925, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990. Dennett, Daniel C... genes we inherit from our parents, for better or worse. Others argue that social factors are the more dominant influence; our surrounding...a function of our genes , and where we actually wind up across the full spectrum of human possibilities is determined by how these genes interact with

Revisiting the Impact of Part-Time Work on Adolescent Adjustment: Distinguishing between Selection and Socialization Using Propensity Score Matching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monahan, Kathryn C.; Lee, Joanna M.; Steinberg, Laurence

2011-01-01

The impact of part-time employment on adolescent functioning remains unclear because most studies fail to adequately control for differential selection into the workplace. The present study reanalyzes data from L. Steinberg, S. Fegley, and S. M. Dornbusch (1993) using multiple imputation, which minimizes bias in effect size estimation, and 2 types…

How Equivalent Are the Action Execution, Imagery, and Observation of Intransitive Movements? Revisiting the Concept of Somatotopy during Action Simulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lorey, Britta; Naumann, Tim; Pilgramm, Sebastian; Petermann, Carmen; Bischoff, Matthias; Zentgraf, Karen; Stark, Rudolf; Vaitl, Dieter; Munzert, Jorn

2013-01-01

Jeannerod (2001) hypothesized that action execution, imagery, and observation are functionally equivalent. This led to the major prediction that these motor states are based on the same action-specific and even effector-specific motor representations. The present study examined whether hand and foot movements are represented in a somatotopic…

Low-temperature behavior of the quark-meson model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tripolt, Ralf-Arno; Schaefer, Bernd-Jochen; von Smekal, Lorenz; Wambach, Jochen

2018-02-01

We revisit the phase diagram of strong-interaction matter for the two-flavor quark-meson model using the functional renormalization group. In contrast to standard mean-field calculations, an unusual phase structure is encountered at low temperatures and large quark chemical potentials. In particular, we identify a regime where the pressure decreases with increasing temperature and discuss possible reasons for this unphysical behavior.

Delayed Diagnoses in Children with Constipation: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

PubMed

Freedman, Stephen B; Rodean, Jonathan; Hall, Matthew; Alpern, Elizabeth R; Aronson, Paul L; Simon, Harold K; Shah, Samir S; Marin, Jennifer R; Cohen, Eyal; Morse, Rustin B; Katsogridakis, Yiannis; Berry, Jay G; Neuman, Mark I

2017-07-01

The use of abdominal radiographs contributes to increased healthcare costs, radiation exposure, and potentially to misdiagnoses. We evaluated the association between abdominal radiograph performance and emergency department (ED) revisits with important alternate diagnosis among children with constipation. Retrospective cohort study of children aged <18 years diagnosed with constipation at one of 23 EDs from 2004 to 2015. The primary exposure was abdominal radiograph performance. The primary outcome was a 3-day ED revisit with a clinically important alternate diagnosis. RAND/University of California, Los Angeles methodology was used to define whether the revisit was related to the index visit and due to a clinically important condition other than constipation. Regression analysis was performed to identify exposures independently related to the primary outcome. A total of 65.7% (185 439/282 225) of children with constipation had an index ED visit abdominal radiograph performed. Three-day revisits occurred in 3.7% (10 566/282 225) of children, and 0.28% (784/282 225) returned with a clinically important alternate related diagnosis. Appendicitis was the most common such revisit, accounting for 34.1% of all 3-day clinically important related revisits. Children who had an abdominal radiograph performed were more likely to have a 3-day revisit with a clinically important alternate related diagnosis (0.33% vs 0.17%; difference 0.17%; 95% CI 0.13-0.20). Following adjustment for covariates, abdominal radiograph performance was associated with a 3-day revisit with a clinically important alternate diagnosis (aOR: 1.39; 95% CI 1.15-1.67). Additional characteristics associated with the primary outcome included narcotic (aOR: 2.63) and antiemetic (aOR: 2.35) administration and underlying comorbidities (aOR: 2.52). Among children diagnosed with constipation, abdominal radiograph performance is associated with an increased risk of a revisit with a clinically important alternate related diagnosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Revisiting reflexology: Concept, evidence, current practice, and practitioner training.

PubMed

Embong, Nurul Haswani; Soh, Yee Chang; Ming, Long Chiau; Wong, Tin Wui

2015-10-01

Reflexology is basically a study of how one part of the human body relates to another part of the body. Reflexology practitioners rely on the reflexes map of the feet and hands to all the internal organs and other human body parts. They believe that by applying the appropriate pressure and massage certain spots on the feet and hands, all other body parts could be energized and rejuvenated. This review aimed to revisit the concept of reflexology and examine its effectiveness, practices, and the training for reflexology practitioners. PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and SpringerLink databases were utilized to search the following medical subject headings or keywords: foot massage, reflexology, foot reflexotherapy, reflexological treatment, and zone therapy. The articles published for the last 10 years were included. Previous systematic reviews failed to show concrete evidence for any specific effect of reflexology in any conditions. Due to its non-invasive, non-pharmacological complementary nature, reflexology is widely accepted and anecdotal evidence of positive effect reflexology in a variety of health conditions are available. Adequate training for practitioners is necessary to ensure the consistency of service provided.

Discovery of Potent and Selective Agonists of δ Opioid Receptor by Revisiting the "Message-Address" Concept.

PubMed

Shen, Qing; Qian, Yuanyuan; Huang, Xiaoqin; Xu, Xuejun; Li, Wei; Liu, Jinggen; Fu, Wei

2016-04-14

The classic "message-address" concept was proposed to address the binding of endogenous peptides to the opioid receptors and was later successfully applied in the discovery of the first nonpeptide δ opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist naltrindole. By revisiting this concept, and based on the structure of tramadol, we designed a series of novel compounds that act as highly potent and selective agonists of DOR among which (-)-6j showed the highest affinity (K i = 2.7 nM), best agonistic activity (EC50 = 2.6 nM), and DOR selectivity (more than 1000-fold over the other two subtype opioid receptors). Molecular docking studies suggest that the "message" part of (-)-6j interacts with residue Asp128(3.32) and a neighboring water molecule, and the "address" part of (-)-6j packs with hydrophobic residues Leu300(7.35), Val281(6.55), and Trp284(6.58), rendering DOR selectivity. The discovery of novel compound (-)-6j, and the obtained insights into DOR-agonist binding will help us design more potent and selective DOR agonists.

Tunneling method for Hawking radiation in the Nariai case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belgiorno, F.; Cacciatori, S. L.; Dalla Piazza, F.

2017-08-01

We revisit the tunneling picture for the Hawking effect in light of the charged Nariai manifold, because this general relativistic solution, which displays two horizons, provides the bonus to allow the knowledge of exact solutions of the field equations. We first perform a revisitation of the tunneling ansatz in the framework of particle creation in external fields à la Nikishov, which corroborates the interpretation of the semiclassical emission rate Γ_{emission} as the conditional probability rate for the creation of a couple of particles from the vacuum. Then, particle creation associated with the Hawking effect on the Nariai manifold is calculated in two ways. On the one hand, we apply the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism for tunneling, in the case of a charged scalar field on the given background. On the other hand, the knowledge of the exact solutions for the Klein-Gordon equations on Nariai manifold, and their analytic properties on the extended manifold, allow us a direct computation of the flux of particles leaving the horizon, and, as a consequence, we obtain a further corroboration of the semiclassical tunneling picture from the side of S-matrix formalism.

Revisiting reflexology: Concept, evidence, current practice, and practitioner training

PubMed Central

Embong, Nurul Haswani; Soh, Yee Chang; Ming, Long Chiau; Wong, Tin Wui

2015-01-01

Reflexology is basically a study of how one part of the human body relates to another part of the body. Reflexology practitioners rely on the reflexes map of the feet and hands to all the internal organs and other human body parts. They believe that by applying the appropriate pressure and massage certain spots on the feet and hands, all other body parts could be energized and rejuvenated. This review aimed to revisit the concept of reflexology and examine its effectiveness, practices, and the training for reflexology practitioners. PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and SpringerLink databases were utilized to search the following medical subject headings or keywords: foot massage, reflexology, foot reflexotherapy, reflexological treatment, and zone therapy. The articles published for the last 10 years were included. Previous systematic reviews failed to show concrete evidence for any specific effect of reflexology in any conditions. Due to its non-invasive, non-pharmacological complementary nature, reflexology is widely accepted and anecdotal evidence of positive effect reflexology in a variety of health conditions are available. Adequate training for practitioners is necessary to ensure the consistency of service provided. PMID:26587391

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Célérier, Marie-Noëlle; Nottale, Laurent, E-mail: marie-noelle.celerier@obspm.fr, E-mail: laurent.nottale@obspm.fr

Owing to the non-differentiable nature of the theory of Scale Relativity, the emergence of complex wave functions, then of spinors and bi-spinors occurs naturally in its framework. The wave function is here a manifestation of the velocity field of geodesics of a continuous and non-differentiable (therefore fractal) space-time. In a first paper (Paper I), we have presented the general argument which leads to this result using an elaborate and more detailed derivation than previously displayed. We have therefore been able to show how the complex wave function emerges naturally from the doubling of the velocity field and to revisit themore » derivation of the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation of motion. In the present paper (Paper II), we deal with relativistic motion and detail the natural emergence of the bi-spinors from such first principles of the theory. Moreover, while Lorentz invariance has been up to now inferred from mathematical results obtained in stochastic mechanics, we display here a new and detailed derivation of the way one can obtain a Lorentz invariant expression for the expectation value of the product of two independent fractal fluctuation fields in the sole framework of the theory of Scale Relativity. These new results allow us to enhance the robustness of our derivation of the two main equations of motion of relativistic quantum mechanics (the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations) which we revisit here at length.« less

Exploiting three kinds of interface propensities to identify protein binding sites.

PubMed

Liu, Bin; Wang, Xiaolong; Lin, Lei; Dong, Qiwen; Wang, Xuan

2009-08-01

Predicting the binding sites between two interacting proteins provides important clues to the function of a protein. In this study, we present a building block of proteins called order profiles to use the evolutionary information of the protein sequence frequency profiles and apply this building block to produce a class of propensities called order profile interface propensities. For comparisons, we revisit the usage of residue interface propensities and binary profile interface propensities for protein binding site prediction. Each kind of propensities combined with sequence profiles and accessible surface areas are inputted into SVM. When tested on four types of complexes (hetero-permanent complexes, hetero-transient complexes, homo-permanent complexes and homo-transient complexes), experimental results show that the order profile interface propensities are better than residue interface propensities and binary profile interface propensities. Therefore, order profile is a suitable profile-level building block of the protein sequences and can be widely used in many tasks of computational biology, such as the sequence alignment, the prediction of domain boundary, the designation of knowledge-based potentials and the protein remote homology detection.

Random forest classification of stars in the Galactic Centre

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plewa, P. M.

2018-05-01

Near-infrared high-angular resolution imaging observations of the Milky Way's nuclear star cluster have revealed all luminous members of the existing stellar population within the central parsec. Generally, these stars are either evolved late-type giants or massive young, early-type stars. We revisit the problem of stellar classification based on intermediate-band photometry in the K band, with the primary aim of identifying faint early-type candidate stars in the extended vicinity of the central massive black hole. A random forest classifier, trained on a subsample of spectroscopically identified stars, performs similarly well as competitive methods (F1 = 0.85), without involving any model of stellar spectral energy distributions. Advantages of using such a machine-trained classifier are a minimum of required calibration effort, a predictive accuracy expected to improve as more training data become available, and the ease of application to future, larger data sets. By applying this classifier to archive data, we are also able to reproduce the results of previous studies of the spatial distribution and the K-band luminosity function of both the early- and late-type stars.

Music intervention as system: reversing hyper systemising in autism spectrum disorders to the comprehension of music as intervention.

PubMed

Jaschke, Artur C

2014-01-01

This paper seeks to combine the notion of the Empathising-Systemising (E-S) theory and the resulting twist from the executive dysfunction theory in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in light of music intervention as system. To achieve these points it will be important to re-visit, nonetheless briefly, the above mentioned theories and re-define music intervention in the light of these. Furthermore there is the need to adjust the executive dysfunction theory to a theory of dysfunctioning executive functions. These notions will create a different understanding of music intervention in this context, allowing the development of future and existing music intervention programs applied clinically. These applications will evolve around a structuralised approach to music intervention as system, proposing five consecutive systems. It will therefore argue the aspects of expanding existing theories in ASC together with the call for generalised interventions to better assess autism from a theoretical point of view. Theories have to be updated in a time of fast and ever-changing development. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A COTS-Style Acquisition Strategy for Human Exploration Beyond LEO

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arney, Dale; Earle, Kevin; Klovstad, Jordan; Jones, Christopher

2016-01-01

The Evolvable Mars Campaign presents a long term strategy for NASA's Journey to Mars within a capability driven framework. By comparing each element to a set of criteria, this paper reviews the potential of acquiring those capabilities using a strategy similar to the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program. The paper presents the criteria, assesses the elements against those criteria, and then discusses the suitability of each element to being developed using this acquisition strategy. Throughout the campaign, certain capabilities are well suited to being developed in this manner while others are not. This assessment is a snapshot in time, and should be revisited as the campaign and/or commercial capabilities change. This paper will explore each of these elements in the campaign and discuss how the COTS development andacquisition strategy could or could not be applied to those elements. This assessment will be based on theservices or functionality required in the campaign, and will use the best practices discussed above to create acase for or against a COTS-style acquisition strategy for each given element.

Overly Regulated Thinking and Autism Revisited.

PubMed

Cashin, Andrew; Yorke, James

2016-08-01

Humans exist within a socially mediated dynamical system. Frequent demands are experienced to respond to change in the environment to adapt and flourish. People with autism have impaired behavioral and thinking flexibility and experience high levels of anxiety, as change and adaptation do not come naturally. The disability inherent in autism is by definition the impaired social and occupational functioning that results from lack of adaptation. The point of the behavioral triad of restricted and repetitive interests, activities, and behaviors has received relatively little attention as compared to the other two points of the triad. A review of the literature related to restricted and repetitive interests and activities and behaviors and autism was conducted to inform this theoretical review. This paper considers the overly regulated thought and behavior inherent in autism spectrum disorders through the lens of dynamical systems, and an explanatory model is generated. The mathematical tools applied to understand dynamical systems may be a fruitful basis of further research to enable the movement from a theoretical concept of overly regulated thinking and behavior in autism to an empirically derived understanding. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Energy- and k -resolved mapping of the magnetic circular dichroism in threshold photoemission from Co films on Pt(111)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Staab, Maximilian; Kutnyakhov, Dmytro; Wallauer, Robert; Chernov, Sergey; Medjanik, Katerina; Elmers, Hans Joachim; Kläui, Mathias; Schönhense, Gerd

2017-04-01

The magnetic circular dichroism in threshold photoemission (TPMCD) for perpendicularly magnetized fcc Co films on Pt(111) has been revisited. A complete mapping of the spectral function I (EB,kx,ky) (binding energy EB, momentum parallel to surface kx, ky) and the corresponding TPMCD asymmetry distribution AMCD(EB,kx,ky) has been performed for one-photon and two-photon photoemission using time-of-flight momentum microscopy. The experimental results allow distinguishing direct from indirect transitions. The measurements reveal clear band features of direct transitions from bulk bands that show a nontrivial asymmetry pattern. A significant homogeneous background with substantial asymmetry stemming from indirect transitions superposes direct transitions. Two-photon photoemission reveals enhanced emission intensity via an image potential state, acting as intermediate state. The image potential state enhances not only intensity but also asymmetry. The present results demonstrate that two-photon photoemission is a powerful method for mapping the spin-polarized unoccupied band structures and points out pathways for applying TPMCD as a contrast mechanism for various classes of magnetic materials.

Revisiting Resident Assistant Burnout: Functions of Gender, Community Composition, Choice to Continue Employment, and Job Satisfaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoner, James C.

2017-01-01

Research on resident assistant burnout peaked in the 1980s, and there has been little scholarship since. Much of the original literature is dated, and some contains unresolved conflicts in the findings. Also, there is a glaring gap in the literature, specifically in how burnout relates to both RA job satisfaction and position departure. This study…

College Presidents and Black Student Protests: A Historical Perspective on the Image of Racial Inclusion and the Reality of Exclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cole, Eddie R.

2018-01-01

This essay revisits college presidents during the early 1960s to investigate the long history of how academic leaders manage racial unrest on college campuses. Throughout time, the concept of a welcoming and inclusive climate for black students on majority-white campuses has functioned as an illusion alongside the prevailing reality of racism on…

Photoelectron spectra and biological activity of cinnamic acid derivatives revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novak, Igor; Klasinc, Leo; McGlynn, Sean P.

2018-01-01

The electronic structures of several derivatives of cinnamic acid have been studied by UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and Green's function quantum chemical calculations. The spectra reveal the presence of dimers in the gas phase for p-coumaric and ferulic acids. The electronic structure analysis has been related to the biological properties of these compounds through the analysis of some structure-activity relationships (SAR).

Karlin-McGregor Mutational Occupancy Problem Revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huillet, Thierry E.

2018-06-01

Some population is made of n individuals that can be of p possible species (or types). The update of the species abundance occupancies is from a Moran mutational model designed by Karlin and McGregor in 1967. We first study the equilibrium species counts as a function of n, p and the total mutation probability ν before considering various asymptotic regimes on n, p and ν.

Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective. Multilingual Matters 116.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fishman, Joshua A., Ed.

This edited volume considers the contemporary position of 18 threatened languages. Two important questions are examined in every case: (a) what is the current demographic and functional status of a threatened language? and (b) what is the best way to understand its future prospects? The view presented in this volume is that there are ways to save…

Speed of transverse waves in a string revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rizcallah, Joseph A.

2017-11-01

In many introductory-level physics textbooks, the derivation of the formula for the speed of transverse waves in a string is either omitted altogether or presented under physically overly idealized assumptions about the shape of the considered wave pulse and the related velocity and acceleration distributions. In this paper, we derive the named formula by applying Newton’s second law or the work-energy theorem to a finite element of the string, making no assumptions about the shape of the wave. We argue that the suggested method can help the student gain a deeper insight into the nature of waves and the related process of energy transport, as well as provide a new experience with the fundamental principles of mechanics as applied to extended and deformable bodies.

Optimal trading strategies—a time series approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bebbington, Peter A.; Kühn, Reimer

2016-05-01

Motivated by recent advances in the spectral theory of auto-covariance matrices, we are led to revisit a reformulation of Markowitz’ mean-variance portfolio optimization approach in the time domain. In its simplest incarnation it applies to a single traded asset and allows an optimal trading strategy to be found which—for a given return—is minimally exposed to market price fluctuations. The model is initially investigated for a range of synthetic price processes, taken to be either second order stationary, or to exhibit second order stationary increments. Attention is paid to consequences of estimating auto-covariance matrices from small finite samples, and auto-covariance matrix cleaning strategies to mitigate against these are investigated. Finally we apply our framework to real world data.

A practical method of predicting client revisit intention in a hospital setting.

PubMed

Lee, Kyun Jick

2005-01-01

Data mining (DM) models are an alternative to traditional statistical methods for examining whether higher customer satisfaction leads to higher revisit intention. This study used a total of 906 outpatients' satisfaction data collected from a nationwide survey interviews conducted by professional interviewers on a face-to-face basis in South Korea, 1998. Analyses showed that the relationship between overall satisfaction with hospital services and outpatients' revisit intention, along with word-of-mouth recommendation as intermediate variables, developed into a nonlinear relationship. The five strongest predictors of revisit intention were overall satisfaction, intention to recommend to others, awareness of hospital promotion, satisfaction with physician's kindness, and satisfaction with treatment level.

Applying Erikson’s Wisdom to Self-Management Practices of Older Adults: Findings from Two Field Studies

PubMed Central

Perry, Tam E.; Hassevoort, Luke; Ruggiano, Nicole; Shtompel, Natalia

2014-01-01

According to Erik Erikson’s theory on the stages of human development, achieving wisdom later in life involves revisiting previous crises and renewing psychosocial accomplishments. However, few studies have used Erikson’s theory as a framework for examining how older adults self-manage physical and mental health changes that commonly occur later in life. This paper presents findings from two qualitative studies that demonstrate how older adults apply wisdom in new domains. Specifically, it was found that older adults (1) reasserted autonomy by initiating creative problem solving; and 2) applied skills gained from productive activities earlier in life to new health-related problems that arise later in life. These findings highlight the importance of engaging older adults to repurpose their life skills, and thus reapply wisdom to new areas of their lives. Implications for practice are discussed. PMID:25651571

Applying Erikson's wisdom to self-management practices of older adults: findings from two field studies.

PubMed

Perry, Tam E; Ruggiano, Nicole; Shtompel, Natalia; Hassevoort, Luke

2015-04-01

According to Erik Erikson's theory on the stages of human development, achieving wisdom later in life involves revisiting previous crises and renewing psychosocial accomplishments. However, few studies have used Erikson's theory as a framework for examining how older adults self-manage physical and mental health changes that commonly occur later in life. This article presents findings from two qualitative studies that demonstrate how older adults apply wisdom in new domains. Specifically, it was found that older adults (1) reasserted autonomy by initiating creative problem solving and (2) applied skills gained from productive activities earlier in life to new health-related problems that arise later in life. These findings highlight the importance of engaging older adults to repurpose their life skills and thus reapply wisdom to new areas of their lives. Implications for practice are discussed. © The Author(s) 2014.

[Causes of 72-hour return visits to hospital emergency departments].

PubMed

Jiménez-Puente, Alberto; Del Río-Mata, José; Arjona-Huertas, José Luis; Mora-Ordóñez, Begoña; Nieto-de Haro, Lourdes; Lara-Blanquer, Antonio; Martínez-Reina, Alfonso; Martínez Del Campo, Miguel

2015-10-01

The return-visit rate has been suggested as a measure of emergency department quality of care. We aimed to identify the reasons for emergency revisits and the percentage of returns related to problems with quality of care in the previous visit. Cross-sectional observational study of clinical records for a random sample of unscheduled returns within 72 hours of discharge from the emergency departments of 3 hospitals attending a population of nearly 3 million in the Spanish province of Malaga. The records were reviewed by 2 data collectors, who assigned a reason for revisits according to a standardized classification. A sample of 1075 emergency revisits were reviewed; 895 met the inclusion criteria. The most common reasons for revisits were the persistence or progression of disease (48.8%), an unrelated new problem (9.3%), and referral from a hospital that did not have the required specialized service (8.6%). Reasons attributable to the patient accounted for 14.5% of the revisits; 15.2% were attributable to health care staff errors, 9.2% to system organization, and 61.1% to the disease process. Most emergency department revisits are related to the progression of the disease that led to the first visit. Only a small percentage can be linked to diagnostic or treatment errors in the previous visit.

Construction of the landscape for multi-stable systems: Potential landscape, quasi-potential, A-type integral and beyond

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, Peijie, E-mail: cliffzhou@pku.edu.cn; Li, Tiejun, E-mail: tieli@pku.edu.cn

Motivated by the famous Waddington’s epigenetic landscape metaphor in developmental biology, biophysicists and applied mathematicians made different proposals to construct the landscape for multi-stable complex systems. We aim to summarize and elucidate the relationships among these theories from a mathematical point of view. We systematically investigate and compare three different but closely related realizations in the recent literature: the Wang’s potential landscape theory from steady state distribution of stochastic differential equations (SDEs), the Freidlin-Wentzell quasi-potential from the large deviation theory, and the construction through SDE decomposition and A-type integral. We revisit that the quasi-potential is the zero noise limit ofmore » the potential landscape, and the potential function in the third proposal coincides with the quasi-potential. We compare the difference between local and global quasi-potential through the viewpoint of exchange of limit order for time and noise amplitude. We argue that local quasi-potentials are responsible for getting transition rates between neighboring stable states, while the global quasi-potential mainly characterizes the residence time of the states as the system reaches stationarity. The difference between these two is prominent when the transitivity property is broken. The most probable transition path by minimizing the Onsager-Machlup or Freidlin-Wentzell action functional is also discussed. As a consequence of the established connections among different proposals, we arrive at the novel result which guarantees the existence of SDE decomposition while denies its uniqueness in general cases. It is, therefore, clarified that the A-type integral is more appropriate to be applied to the decomposed SDEs rather than its primitive form as believed by previous researchers. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of landscape theories for biological systems.« less

Construction of the landscape for multi-stable systems: Potential landscape, quasi-potential, A-type integral and beyond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Peijie; Li, Tiejun

2016-03-01

Motivated by the famous Waddington's epigenetic landscape metaphor in developmental biology, biophysicists and applied mathematicians made different proposals to construct the landscape for multi-stable complex systems. We aim to summarize and elucidate the relationships among these theories from a mathematical point of view. We systematically investigate and compare three different but closely related realizations in the recent literature: the Wang's potential landscape theory from steady state distribution of stochastic differential equations (SDEs), the Freidlin-Wentzell quasi-potential from the large deviation theory, and the construction through SDE decomposition and A-type integral. We revisit that the quasi-potential is the zero noise limit of the potential landscape, and the potential function in the third proposal coincides with the quasi-potential. We compare the difference between local and global quasi-potential through the viewpoint of exchange of limit order for time and noise amplitude. We argue that local quasi-potentials are responsible for getting transition rates between neighboring stable states, while the global quasi-potential mainly characterizes the residence time of the states as the system reaches stationarity. The difference between these two is prominent when the transitivity property is broken. The most probable transition path by minimizing the Onsager-Machlup or Freidlin-Wentzell action functional is also discussed. As a consequence of the established connections among different proposals, we arrive at the novel result which guarantees the existence of SDE decomposition while denies its uniqueness in general cases. It is, therefore, clarified that the A-type integral is more appropriate to be applied to the decomposed SDEs rather than its primitive form as believed by previous researchers. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of landscape theories for biological systems.

Revisiting the Cramér Rao Lower Bound for Elastography: Predicting the Performance of Axial, Lateral and Polar Strain Elastograms.

PubMed

Verma, Prashant; Doyley, Marvin M

2017-09-01

We derived the Cramér Rao lower bound for 2-D estimators employed in quasi-static elastography. To illustrate the theory, we modeled the 2-D point spread function as a sinc-modulated sine pulse in the axial direction and as a sinc function in the lateral direction. We compared theoretical predictions of the variance incurred in displacements and strains when quasi-static elastography was performed under varying conditions (different scanning methods, different configuration of conventional linear array imaging and different-size kernels) with those measured from simulated or experimentally acquired data. We performed studies to illustrate the application of the derived expressions when performing vascular elastography with plane wave and compounded plane wave imaging. Standard deviations in lateral displacements were an order higher than those in axial. Additionally, the derived expressions predicted that peak performance should occur when 2% strain is applied, the same order of magnitude as observed in simulations (1%) and experiments (1%-2%). We assessed how different configurations of conventional linear array imaging (number of active reception and transmission elements) influenced the quality of axial and lateral strain elastograms. The theoretical expressions predicted that 2-D echo tracking should be performed with wide kernels, but the length of the kernels should be selected using knowledge of the magnitude of the applied strain: specifically, longer kernels for small strains (<5%) and shorter kernels for larger strains. Although the general trends of theoretical predictions and experimental observations were similar, biases incurred during beamforming and subsample displacement estimation produced noticeable differences. Copyright © 2017 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves and eLISA/NGO: phase transitions, cosmic strings and other sources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Binétruy, Pierre; Dufaux, Jean-François; Bohé, Alejandro

We review several cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves accessible to direct-detection experiments, with a special emphasis on those backgrounds due to first-order phase transitions and networks of cosmic (super-)strings. For these two particular sources, we revisit in detail the computation of the gravitational wave background and improve the results of previous works in the literature. We apply our results to identify the scientific potential of the NGO/eLISA mission of ESA regarding the detectability of cosmological backgrounds.

Control theory for scanning probe microscopy revisited.

PubMed

Stirling, Julian

2014-01-01

We derive a theoretical model for studying SPM feedback in the context of control theory. Previous models presented in the literature that apply standard models for proportional-integral-derivative controllers predict a highly unstable feedback environment. This model uses features specific to the SPM implementation of the proportional-integral controller to give realistic feedback behaviour. As such the stability of SPM feedback for a wide range of feedback gains can be understood. Further consideration of mechanical responses of the SPM system gives insight into the causes of exciting mechanical resonances of the scanner during feedback operation.

Many-body-localization: strong disorder perturbative approach for the local integrals of motion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monthus, Cécile

2018-05-01

For random quantum spin models, the strong disorder perturbative expansion of the local integrals of motion around the real-spin operators is revisited. The emphasis is on the links with other properties of the many-body-localized phase, in particular the memory in the dynamics of the local magnetizations and the statistics of matrix elements of local operators in the eigenstate basis. Finally, this approach is applied to analyze the many-body-localization transition in a toy model studied previously from the point of view of the entanglement entropy.

Forensic Chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bell, Suzanne

2009-07-01

Forensic chemistry is unique among chemical sciences in that its research, practice, and presentation must meet the needs of both the scientific and the legal communities. As such, forensic chemistry research is applied and derivative by nature and design, and it emphasizes metrology (the science of measurement) and validation. Forensic chemistry has moved away from its analytical roots and is incorporating a broader spectrum of chemical sciences. Existing forensic practices are being revisited as the purview of forensic chemistry extends outward from drug analysis and toxicology into such diverse areas as combustion chemistry, materials science, and pattern evidence.

Revisiting Modernization Theory in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Relationship Between Industrialization and Democratization

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

per capita and gross domestic product. Literacy is a function of educational opportunity and quality such that people may communicate and acquire...Private capitalists do, however, face the challenges of a largely agricultural and/or informal labor force with lower education, skills and literacy rates... information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction , searching existing data sources, gathering and

Presenting the Straddle Lemma in an introductory Real Analysis course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soares, A.; Santos, A. L. dos

2017-04-01

In this article, we revisit the concept of strong differentiability of real functions of one variable, underlying the concept of differentiability. Our discussion is guided by the Straddle Lemma, which plays a key role in this context. The proofs of the results presented are designed to meet a young audience in mathematics, typical of students in a first course of Real Analysis or an honors-level Calculus course.

Revisiting the continuum model of tendon pathology: what is its merit in clinical practice and research?

PubMed Central

Cook, J L; Rio, E; Purdam, C R; Docking, S I

2016-01-01

The pathogenesis of tendinopathy and the primary biological change in the tendon that precipitates pathology have generated several pathoaetiological models in the literature. The continuum model of tendon pathology, proposed in 2009, synthesised clinical and laboratory-based research to guide treatment choices for the clinical presentations of tendinopathy. While the continuum has been cited extensively in the literature, its clinical utility has yet to be fully elucidated. The continuum model proposed a model for staging tendinopathy based on the changes and distribution of disorganisation within the tendon. However, classifying tendinopathy based on structure in what is primarily a pain condition has been challenged. The interplay between structure, pain and function is not yet fully understood, which has partly contributed to the complex clinical picture of tendinopathy. Here we revisit and assess the merit of the continuum model in the context of new evidence. We (1) summarise new evidence in tendinopathy research in the context of the continuum, (2) discuss tendon pain and the relevance of a model based on structure and (3) describe relevant clinical elements (pain, function and structure) to begin to build a better understanding of the condition. Our goal is that the continuum model may help guide targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes. PMID:27127294

Revisiting Ionosphere-Thermosphere Responses to Solar Wind Driving in Superstorms of November 2003 and 2004

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Komjathy, A.; Mannucci, A. J.; Mlynczak, M. G.; Hunt, L. A.; Paxton, L. J.

2017-10-01

We revisit three complex superstorms of 19-20 November 2003, 7-8 November 2004, and 9-11 November 2004 to analyze ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) effects driven by different solar wind structures associated with complex interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and their upstream sheaths. The efficiency of the solar wind-magnetosphere connection throughout the storms is estimated by coupling functions. The daytime IT responses to the complex driving are characterized by combining and collocating (where possible) measurements of several physical parameters (total electron content or TEC, thermospheric infrared nitric oxide emission, and composition ratio) from multiple satellite platforms and ground-based measurements. A variety of metrics are utilized to examine global IT phenomena at 1 h timescales. The role of direct driving of IT dynamics by solar wind structures and the role of IT preconditioning in these storms, which feature complex unusual TEC responses, are examined and contrasted. Furthermore, IT responses to ICME magnetic clouds and upstream sheaths are separately characterized. We identify IT feedback effects that can be important for long-lasting strong storms. The role of the interplanetary magnetic field By component on ionospheric convection may not be well captured by existing coupling functions. Mechanisms of thermospheric overdamping and consequential ionospheric feedback need to be further studied.

Episodic Memory Retrieval Functionally Relies on Very Rapid Reactivation of Sensory Information.

PubMed

Waldhauser, Gerd T; Braun, Verena; Hanslmayr, Simon

2016-01-06

Episodic memory retrieval is assumed to rely on the rapid reactivation of sensory information that was present during encoding, a process termed "ecphory." We investigated the functional relevance of this scarcely understood process in two experiments in human participants. We presented stimuli to the left or right of fixation at encoding, followed by an episodic memory test with centrally presented retrieval cues. This allowed us to track the reactivation of lateralized sensory memory traces during retrieval. Successful episodic retrieval led to a very early (∼100-200 ms) reactivation of lateralized alpha/beta (10-25 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) power decreases in the visual cortex contralateral to the visual field at encoding. Applying rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation to interfere with early retrieval processing in the visual cortex led to decreased episodic memory performance specifically for items encoded in the visual field contralateral to the site of stimulation. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that episodic memory functionally relies on very rapid reactivation of sensory information. Remembering personal experiences requires a "mental time travel" to revisit sensory information perceived in the past. This process is typically described as a controlled, relatively slow process. However, by using electroencephalography to measure neural activity with a high time resolution, we show that such episodic retrieval entails a very rapid reactivation of sensory brain areas. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to alter brain function during retrieval revealed that this early sensory reactivation is causally relevant for conscious remembering. These results give first neural evidence for a functional, preconscious component of episodic remembering. This provides new insight into the nature of human memory and may help in the understanding of psychiatric conditions that involve the automatic intrusion of unwanted memories. Copyright © 2016 the authors 0270-6474/16/360251-10$15.00/0.

Photoelectron Energy Loss in Al(002) Revisited: Retrieval of the Single Plasmon Loss Energy Distribution by a Fourier Transform Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santana, Victor Mancir da Silva; David, Denis; de Almeida, Jailton Souza; Godet, Christian

2018-06-01

A Fourier transform (FT) algorithm is proposed to retrieve the energy loss function (ELF) of solid surfaces from experimental X-ray photoelectron spectra. The intensity measured over a broad energy range towards lower kinetic energies results from convolution of four spectral distributions: photoemission line shape, multiple plasmon loss probability, X-ray source line structure and Gaussian broadening of the photoelectron analyzer. The FT of the measured XPS spectrum, including the zero-loss peak and all inelastic scattering mechanisms, being a mathematical function of the respective FT of X-ray source, photoemission line shape, multiple plasmon loss function, and Gaussian broadening of the photoelectron analyzer, the proposed algorithm gives straightforward access to the bulk ELF and effective dielectric function of the solid, assuming identical ELF for intrinsic and extrinsic plasmon excitations. This method is applied to aluminum single crystal Al(002) where the photoemission line shape has been computed accurately beyond the Doniach-Sunjic approximation using the Mahan-Wertheim-Citrin approach which takes into account the density of states near the Fermi level; the only adjustable parameters are the singularity index and the broadening energy D (inverse hole lifetime). After correction for surface plasmon excitations, the q-averaged bulk loss function, q , of Al(002) differs from the optical value Im[- 1 / ɛ( E, q = 0)] and is well described by the Lindhard-Mermin dispersion relation. A quality criterion of the inversion algorithm is given by the capability of observing weak interband transitions close to the zero-loss peak, namely at 0.65 and 1.65 eV in ɛ( E, q) as found in optical spectra and ab initio calculations of aluminum.

Photoelectron Energy Loss in Al(002) Revisited: Retrieval of the Single Plasmon Loss Energy Distribution by a Fourier Transform Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santana, Victor Mancir da Silva; David, Denis; de Almeida, Jailton Souza; Godet, Christian

2018-04-01

A Fourier transform (FT) algorithm is proposed to retrieve the energy loss function (ELF) of solid surfaces from experimental X-ray photoelectron spectra. The intensity measured over a broad energy range towards lower kinetic energies results from convolution of four spectral distributions: photoemission line shape, multiple plasmon loss probability, X-ray source line structure and Gaussian broadening of the photoelectron analyzer. The FT of the measured XPS spectrum, including the zero-loss peak and all inelastic scattering mechanisms, being a mathematical function of the respective FT of X-ray source, photoemission line shape, multiple plasmon loss function, and Gaussian broadening of the photoelectron analyzer, the proposed algorithm gives straightforward access to the bulk ELF and effective dielectric function of the solid, assuming identical ELF for intrinsic and extrinsic plasmon excitations. This method is applied to aluminum single crystal Al(002) where the photoemission line shape has been computed accurately beyond the Doniach-Sunjic approximation using the Mahan-Wertheim-Citrin approach which takes into account the density of states near the Fermi level; the only adjustable parameters are the singularity index and the broadening energy D (inverse hole lifetime). After correction for surface plasmon excitations, the q-averaged bulk loss function, q , of Al(002) differs from the optical value Im[- 1 / ɛ(E, q = 0)] and is well described by the Lindhard-Mermin dispersion relation. A quality criterion of the inversion algorithm is given by the capability of observing weak interband transitions close to the zero-loss peak, namely at 0.65 and 1.65 eV in ɛ(E, q) as found in optical spectra and ab initio calculations of aluminum.

Revisiting head circumference of Brazilian newborns in public and private maternity hospitals.

PubMed

Amorim, Maria do Socorro Teixeira; Melo, Aurea Nogueira de

2017-06-01

To revisit the head circumference (HC) of newborns in public and private maternity hospitals; to correlate our findings with the gestational age, gender, and type of delivery; and build and validate graphs and curves. This was a prospective study performed on healthy newborns. Differences in HC were analyzed as a function of gestational age, gender, the healthcare system and the type of delivery. Smoothed percentile curves were created using the least mean squares method. Of the included newborns, 697 were born in private maternity hospitals and 2,150 were born in public maternity hospitals. In all, 839 were born by vaginal delivery, and 1,311 were born by cesarean delivery. At 37 to 42 weeks of gestation, male newborns had a larger HC than females. Infants born in private maternity and those born by cesarean delivery had a larger HC. An important result of the present study is that our analyses allowed us to generate curves and statistically-validated graphs that can be used in clinical neonatal practice.

Revisiting directed flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from a multiphase transport model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Chong-Qiang; Zhang, Chun-Jian; Xu, Jun

2017-12-01

We have revisited several interesting questions on how the rapidity-odd directed flow is developed in relativistic 197Au+197Au collisions at √{s_{NN}} = 200 and 39 GeV based on a multiphase transport model. As the partonic phase evolves with time, the slope of the parton directed flow at midrapidity region changes from negative to positive as a result of the later dynamics at 200 GeV, while it remains negative at 39 GeV due to the shorter life time of the partonic phase. The directed flow splitting for various quark species due to their different initial eccentricities is observed at 39 GeV, while the splitting is very small at 200GeV. From a dynamical coalescence algorithm with Wigner functions, we found that the directed flow of hadrons is a result of competition between the coalescence in momentum and coordinate space as well as further modifications by the hadronic rescatterings.

Revisiting a pre-inflationary radiation era and its effect on the CMB power spectrum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, Suratna; Goswami, Gaurav; Rangarajan, Raghavan

2015-06-01

We revisit the scenario where inflation is preceded by a radiation era by considering that the inflaton too could have been in thermal equilibrium early in the radiation era. Hence we take into account not only the effect of a pre-inflationary era on the inflaton mode functions but also that of a frozen thermal distribution of inflaton quanta. We initially discuss in detail the issues relevant to our scenario of a pre-inflationary radiation dominated era and then obtain the scalar power spectrum for this scenario. We find that the power spectrum is free from infrared divergences. We then use themore » WMAP and Planck data to determine the constraints on the inflaton comoving 'temperature' and on the duration of inflation. We find that the best fit value of the duration of inflation is less than 1 e-folding more than what is required to solve cosmological problems, while only an upper bound on the inflaton temperature can be obtained.« less

Re-visiting the Endocannabinoid System and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity and Associated Diseases.

PubMed

Richey, Joyce M; Woolcott, Orison

2017-09-14

The purpose of the review was to revisit the possibility of the endocannabinoid system being a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity by focusing on the peripheral roles in regulating appetite and energy metabolism. Previous studies with the global cannabinoid receptor blocker rimonabant, which has both central and peripheral properties, showed that this drug has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic function but severe adverse psychiatric side effects. Consequently, focus has shifted to peripherally restricted cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor blockers as possible therapeutic agents that mitigate or eliminate the untoward effects in the central nervous system. Targeting the endocannabinoid system using novel peripheral CB1 receptor blockers with negligible penetrance across the blood-brain barrier may prove to be effective therapy for obesity and its co-morbidities. Perhaps the future of blockers targeting CB1 receptors will be tissue-specific neutral antagonists (e.g., skeletal muscle specific to treat peripheral insulin resistance, adipocyte-specific to treat fat excess, liver-specific to treat fatty liver and hepatic insulin resistance).

Sustainable data policy for a data production facility: a work in (continual) progress

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ketcham, R. A.

2017-12-01

The University of Texas High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography Facility (UTCT) has been producing volumetric data and data products of geological and other scientific specimens and engineering materials for over 20 years. Data volumes, both in terms of the size of individual data sets and overall facility production, have progressively grown and fluctuated near the upper boundary of what can be managed by contemporary workstations and lab-scale servers and network infrastructure, making data policy a preoccupation for our entire history. Although all projects have been archived since our first day of operation, policies on which data to keep (raw, reconstructed after corrections, processed) have varied, and been periodically revisited in consideration of the cost of curation and the likelihood of revisiting and reprocessing data when better techniques become available, such as improved artifact corrections or iterative tomographic reconstruction. Advances in instrumentation regularly make old data obsolete and more advantageous to reacquire, but the simple act of getting a sample to a scanning facility is a practical barrier that cannot be overlooked. In our experience, the main times that raw data have been revisited using improved processing to improve image quality were predictable, high-impact charismatic projects (e.g., Archaeopteryx, A. Afarensis "Lucy"). These cases actually provided the impetus for development of the new techniques (ring and beam hardening artifact reduction), which were subsequently incorporated into our data processing pipeline going forward but were rarely if ever retroactively applied to earlier data sets. The only other times raw data have been reprocessed were when reconstruction parameters were inappropriate, due to unnoticed sample features or human error, which are usually recognized fairly quickly. The optimal data retention policy thus remains an open question, although erring on the side of caution remains the default position.

From Finite Time to Finite Physical Dimensions Thermodynamics: The Carnot Engine and Onsager's Relations Revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feidt, Michel; Costea, Monica

2018-04-01

Many works have been devoted to finite time thermodynamics since the Curzon and Ahlborn [1] contribution, which is generally considered as its origin. Nevertheless, previous works in this domain have been revealed [2], [3], and recently, results of the attempt to correlate Finite Time Thermodynamics with Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics according to Onsager's theory were reported [4]. The aim of the present paper is to extend and improve the approach relative to thermodynamic optimization of generic objective functions of a Carnot engine with linear response regime presented in [4]. The case study of the Carnot engine is revisited within the steady state hypothesis, when non-adiabaticity of the system is considered, and heat loss is accounted for by an overall heat leak between the engine heat reservoirs. The optimization is focused on the main objective functions connected to engineering conditions, namely maximum efficiency or power output, except the one relative to entropy that is more fundamental. Results given in reference [4] relative to the maximum power output and minimum entropy production as objective function are reconsidered and clarified, and the change from finite time to finite physical dimension was shown to be done by the heat flow rate at the source. Our modeling has led to new results of the Carnot engine optimization and proved that the primary interest for an engineer is mainly connected to what we called Finite Physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics.

Understanding tumor heterogeneity as functional compartments - superorganisms revisited

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Compelling evidence broadens our understanding of tumors as highly heterogeneous populations derived from one common progenitor. In this review we portray various stages of tumorigenesis, tumor progression, self-seeding and metastasis in analogy to the superorganisms of insect societies to exemplify the highly complex architecture of a neoplasm as a system of functional "castes." Accordingly, we propose a model in which clonal expansion and cumulative acquisition of genetic alterations produce tumor compartments each equipped with distinct traits and thus distinct functions that cooperate to establish clinically apparent tumors. This functional compartment model also suggests mechanisms for the self-construction of tumor stem cell niches. Thus, thinking of a tumor as a superorganism will provide systemic insight into its functional compartmentalization and may even have clinical implications. PMID:21619636

The generation of gravitational waves. 2: The post-linear formalism revisited

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crowley, R. J.; Thorne, K. S.

1975-01-01

Two different versions of the Green's function for the scalar wave equation in weakly curved spacetime (one due to DeWitt and DeWitt, the other to Thorne and Kovacs) are compared and contrasted; and their mathematical equivalence is demonstrated. The DeWitt-DeWitt Green's function is used to construct several alternative versions of the Thorne-Kovacs post-linear formalism for gravitational-wave generation. Finally it is shown that, in calculations of gravitational bremsstrahlung radiation, some of our versions of the post-linear formalism allow one to treat the interacting bodies as point masses, while others do not.

Energy-switching potential energy surface for the water molecule revisited: A highly accurate singled-sheeted form.

PubMed

Galvão, B R L; Rodrigues, S P J; Varandas, A J C

2008-07-28

A global ab initio potential energy surface is proposed for the water molecule by energy-switching/merging a highly accurate isotope-dependent local potential function reported by Polyansky et al. [Science 299, 539 (2003)] with a global form of the many-body expansion type suitably adapted to account explicitly for the dynamical correlation and parametrized from extensive accurate multireference configuration interaction energies extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The new function mimics also the complicated Sigma/Pi crossing that arises at linear geometries of the water molecule.

Gravity discharge vessel revisited: An explicit Lambert W function solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Digilov, Rafael M.

2017-07-01

Based on the generalized Poiseuille equation modified by a kinetic energy correction, an explicit solution for the time evolution of a liquid column draining under gravity through an exit capillary tube is derived in terms of the Lambert W function. In contrast to the conventional exponential behavior, as implied by the Poiseuille law, a new analytical solution gives a full account for the volumetric flow rate of a fluid through a capillary of any length and improves the precision of viscosity determination. The theoretical consideration may be of interest to students as an example of how implicit equations in the field of physics can be solved analytically using the Lambert function.

Reality and responsibility revisited: Stakeholder accountability in the effort to develop safer opioids.

PubMed

Passik, Steven D; Heit, Howard A; DeGeorge, Michael

This supplement is dedicated to an exploration of the science, potential utility, and the current state of abuse-deterrent formulations (ADF) of opioid analgesics. There are many stakeholders in the search for safer pain treatments in general, and safer opioid therapy in particular. Healthcare providers, patients, third-party payors, law enforcement and government regulators, the pharmaceutical industry, and the media all have a stake in seeing pain treated and addiction and overdose avoided. As it applies to ADFs, obviously not everyone has a stake in seeing that ADFs succeed commercially; but all stakeholders certainly have a responsibility to see that any potential advance, including ADFs, in protecting the public health is fairly and thoroughly evaluated. Particularly at a time of crisis. In this article, we revisit the framework used by Passik, Heit, and Kirsh (2006) to evaluate stakeholders' responsibilities with regard to both the opioid abuse and chronic pain epidemics. After evaluating the present status of aspirations delineated over a decade ago, we discuss the updated roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder, with emphasis on the role of ADFs as this technology was unavailable when the original manuscript was written.

Revisiting adoption of high transmission PSM: pros, cons and path forward

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Z. Mark; McDonald, Steve; Progler, Chris

2009-12-01

High transmission attenuated phase shift masks (Hi-T PSM) have been successfully applied in volume manufacturing for certain memory devices. Moreover, numerous studies have shown the potential benefits of Hi-T PSM for specific lithography applications. In this paper, the potential for extending Hi-T PSM to logic devices, is revisited with an emphasis on understanding layout, transmission, and manufacturing of Hi-T PSM versus traditional 6% embedded attenuated phase shift mask (EAPSM). Simulations on various layouts show Hi-T PSM has advantage over EAPSM in low duty cycle line patterns and high duty cycle space patterns. The overall process window can be enhanced when Hi- T PSM is combined with optimized optical proximity correction (OPC), sub-resolution assist features (SRAF), and source illumination. Therefore, Hi-T PSM may be a viable and lower cost alternative to other complex resolution enhancement technology (RET) approaches. Aerial image measurement system (AIMS) results on test masks, based on an inverse lithography technology (ILT) generated layout, confirm the simulation results. New advancement in high transmission blanks also make low topography Hi-T PSM a reality, which can minimize scattering effects in high NA lithography.

Revisiting the Capture of Mercury into Its 3:2 Spin-orbit Resonance

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

well before differentiation. Keywords. celestial mechanics, planets and satellites: individual ( Mercury ) 1. Previous studies In the literature hitherto...2014 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2014 to 00-00-2014 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Revisiting the capture of Mercury into its 3:2 spin-orbit...Astronomical Union 2014 doi:10.1017/S1743921314007765 Revisiting the capture of Mercury into its 3:2 spin-orbit resonance Benôıt Noyelles1, Julien

Optimal Patrol to Detect Attacks at Dispersed Heterogeneous Locations

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

path with one revisit SPR2 Shortest path with two revisits SPR3 Shortest path with three revisits TSP Traveling salesman problem UAV Unmanned aerial...path patrol pattern. Finding the shortest-path patrol pattern is an example of solving a traveling salesman problem , as described in Section 16.5 of...use of patrol paths based on the traveling salesman prob- lem (TSP), where patrollers follow the shortest Hamiltonian cycle in a graph in order to

Improvement of emergency department patient flow using lean thinking.

PubMed

Sánchez, Miquel; Suárez, Montse; Asenjo, María; Bragulat, Ernest

2018-05-01

To apply lean thinking in triage acuity level-3 patients in order to improve emergency department (ED) throughtput and waiting time. A prospective interventional study. An ED of a tertiary care hospital. Triage acuity level-3 patients. To apply lean techniques such as value stream mapping, workplace organization, reduction of wastes and standardization by the frontline staff. Two periods were compared: (i) pre-lean: April-September, 2015; and (ii) post-lean: April-September, 2016. Variables included: median process time (time from beginning of nurse preparation to the end of nurse finalization after doctor disposition) of both discharged and transferred to observation patients; median length of stay; median waiting time; left without being seen, 72-h revisit and mortality rates, and daily number of visits. There was no additional staff or bed after lean implementation. Despite an increment in the daily number of visits (+8.3%, P < 0.001), significant reductions in process time of discharged (182 vs 160 min, P < 0.001) and transferred to observation (186 vs 176 min, P < 0.001) patients, in length of stay (389 vs 329 min, P < 0.001), and in waiting time (71 vs 48 min, P < 0.001) were achieved after lean implementation. No significant differences were registered in left without being seen rate (5.23% vs 4.95%), 72-h revisit rate (3.41% vs 3.93%), and mortality rate (0.23% vs 0.15%). Lean thinking is a methodology that can improve triage acuity level-3 patient flow in the ED, resulting in better throughput along with reduced waiting time.

Agricultural Land Cover from Multitemporal C-Band SAR Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skriver, H.

2013-12-01

Henning Skriver DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads, Building 348, DK-2800 Lyngby e-mail: hs@space.dtu.dk Problem description This paper focuses on land cover type from SAR data using high revisit acquisitions, including single and dual polarisation and fully polarimetric data, at C-band. The data set were acquired during an ESA-supported campaign, AgriSAR09, with the Radarsat-2 system. Ground surveys to obtain detailed land cover maps were performed during the campaign. Classification methods using single- and dual-polarisation data, and fully polarimetric data are used with multitemporal data with short revisit time. Results for airborne campaigns have previously been reported in Skriver et al. (2011) and Skriver (2012). In this paper, the short revisit satellite SAR data will be used to assess the trade-off between polarimetric SAR data and data as single or dual polarisation SAR data. This is particularly important in relation to the future GMES Sentinel-1 SAR satellites, where two satellites with a relatively wide swath will ensure a short revisit time globally. Questions dealt with are: which accuracy can we expect from a mission like the Sentinel-1, what is the improvement of using polarimetric SAR compared to single or dual polarisation SAR, and what is the optimum number of acquisitions needed. Methodology The data have sufficient number of looks for the Gaussian assumption to be valid for the backscatter coefficients for the individual polarizations. The classification method used for these data is therefore the standard Bayesian classification method for multivariate Gaussian statistics. For the full-polarimetric cases two classification methods have been applied, the standard ML Wishart classifier, and a method based on a reversible transform of the covariance matrix into backscatter intensities. The following pre-processing steps were performed on both data sets: The scattering matrix data in the form of SLC products were coregistered, converted to covariance matrix format and multilooked to a specific equivalent number of looks. Results The multitemporal data improve significantly the classification results, and single acquisition data cannot provide the necessary classification performance. The multitemporal data are especially important for the single and dual polarization data, but less important for the fully polarimetric data. The satellite data set produces realistic classification results based on about 2000 fields. The best classification results for the single-polarized mode provide classification errors in the mid-twenties. Using the dual-polarized mode reduces the classification error with about 5 percentage points, whereas the polarimetric mode reduces it with about 10 percentage points. These results show, that it will be possible to obtain reasonable results with relatively simple systems with short revisit time. This very important result shows that systems like the Sentinel-1 mission will be able to produce fairly good results for global land cover classification. References Skriver, H. et al., 2011, 'Crop Classification using Short-Revisit Multitemporal SAR Data', IEEE J. Sel. Topics in Appl. Earth Obs. Rem. Sens., vol. 4, pp. 423-431. Skriver, H., 2012, 'Crop classification by multitemporal C- and L-band single- and dual-polarization and fully polarimetric SAR', IEEE Trans. Geosc. Rem. Sens., vol. 50, pp. 2138-2149.

Intrinsic electrical properties of LuFe2O4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lafuerza, Sara; García, Joaquín; Subías, Gloria; Blasco, Javier; Conder, Kazimierz; Pomjakushina, Ekaterina

2013-08-01

We here revisit the electrical properties of LuFe2O4, compound candidate for exhibiting multiferroicity. Measurements of dc electrical resistivity as a function of temperature, electric-field polarization measurements at low temperatures with and without magnetic field, and complex impedance as a function of both frequency and temperature were carried out in a LuFe2O4 single crystal, perpendicular and parallel to the hexagonal c axis, and in several ceramic polycrystalline samples. Resistivity measurements reveal that this material is a highly anisotropic semiconductor, being about two orders of magnitude more resistive along the c axis. The temperature dependence of the resistivity indicates a change in the conduction mechanism at TCO ≈ 320 K from thermal activation above TCO to variable range hopping below TCO. The resistivity values at room temperature are relatively small and are below 5000 Ω cm for all samples but we carried out polarization measurements at sufficiently low temperatures, showing that electric-field polarization curves are a straight line as expected for a paraelectric or antiferroelectric material. Furthermore, no differences are found in the polarization curves when a magnetic field is applied either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field. The analysis of the complex impedance data corroborates that the claimed colossal dielectric constant is a spurious effect mainly derived from the capacitance of the electrical contacts. Therefore, our data unequivocally evidence that LuFe2O4 is not ferroelectric.

The "killing zone" revisited: serial nonlinearities predict general aviation accident rates from pilot total flight hours.

PubMed

Knecht, William R

2013-11-01

Is there a "killing zone" (Craig, 2001)-a range of pilot flight time over which general aviation (GA) pilots are at greatest risk? More broadly, can we predict accident rates, given a pilot's total flight hours (TFH)? These questions interest pilots, aviation policy makers, insurance underwriters, and researchers alike. Most GA research studies implicitly assume that accident rates are linearly related to TFH, but that relation may actually be multiply nonlinear. This work explores the ability of serial nonlinear modeling functions to predict GA accident rates from noisy rate data binned by TFH. Two sets of National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)/Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) data were log-transformed, then curve-fit to a gamma-pdf-based function. Despite high rate-noise, this produced weighted goodness-of-fit (Rw(2)) estimates of .654 and .775 for non-instrument-rated (non-IR) and instrument-rated pilots (IR) respectively. Serial-nonlinear models could be useful to directly predict GA accident rates from TFH, and as an independent variable or covariate to control for flight risk during data analysis. Applied to FAA data, these models imply that the "killing zone" may be broader than imagined. Relatively high risk for an individual pilot may extend well beyond the 2000-h mark before leveling off to a baseline rate. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Associations Between Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Brain Structure and Function: Findings From the SABRE (Southall and Brent Revisited) Study.

PubMed

Park, Chloe M; Williams, Emily D; Chaturvedi, Nish; Tillin, Therese; Stewart, Robert J; Richards, Marcus; Shibata, Dean; Mayet, Jamil; Hughes, Alun D

2017-04-18

Subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction has been inconsistently associated with early cognitive impairment, and mechanistic pathways have been poorly considered. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between LV dysfunction and structural/functional measures of the brain and explored the role of potential mechanisms. A total of 1338 individuals (69±6 years) from the Southall and Brent Revisited study underwent echocardiography for systolic (tissue Doppler imaging peak systolic wave) and diastolic (left atrial diameter) assessment. Cognitive function was assessed and total and hippocampal brain volumes were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Global LV function was assessed by circulating N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. The role of potential mechanistic pathways of arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, microvascular disease, and inflammation were explored. After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, lower systolic function was associated with lower total brain (beta±standard error, 14.9±3.2 cm 3 ; P <0.0001) and hippocampal volumes (0.05±0.02 cm 3 , P =0.01). Reduced diastolic function was associated with poorer working memory (-0.21±0.07, P =0.004) and fluency scores (-0.18±0.08, P =0.02). Reduced global LV function was associated with smaller hippocampal volume (-0.10±0.03 cm 3 , P =0.004) and adverse visual memory (-0.076±0.03, P =0.02) and processing speed (0.063±0.02, P =0.006) scores. Separate adjustment for concomitant cardiovascular risk factors attenuated associations with hippocampal volume and fluency only. Further adjustment for the alternative pathways of microvascular disease or arterial stiffness attenuated the relationship between global LV function and visual memory. In a community-based sample of older people, measures of LV function were associated with structural/functional measures of the brain. These associations were not wholly explained by concomitant risk factors or potential mechanistic pathways. © 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

Photoelectron spectra and biological activity of cinnamic acid derivatives revisited.

PubMed

Novak, Igor; Klasinc, Leo; McGlynn, Sean P

2018-01-15

The electronic structures of several derivatives of cinnamic acid have been studied by UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and Green's function quantum chemical calculations. The spectra reveal the presence of dimers in the gas phase for p-coumaric and ferulic acids. The electronic structure analysis has been related to the biological properties of these compounds through the analysis of some structure-activity relationships (SAR). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

OHOLO Conference (36th): Multidisciplinary Approaches to Cholinesterase Functions Held in Eilat, Israel on April 6 - 10, 1992.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-10

Acetylcholinesterase in Mosquitoes. Short oral presentation A23.- Roshchina, V.V. - Plant Cholinesterases. A24.- Seidman Shlomo, Revital Ben-Aziz Aloya, Yael ...Hermona Soreq - Differential Transcriptional Control of Cholinesterase Genes in Developing Megakaryocytes. Short oral presentation B13.- Loewenstein Yael ...Against Organophos- phate Poisoning. B20.- Richter ED., I. Orun, J. Ronen , WQ Lu, Y. Yodfat, F. Grauer, J. Marzouk, M. Gordon - Cholinesterase Revisited

The Kinetics of Dissolution Revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonel, Paula S.; Hoijemberg, Pablo A.; Maiante, Leandro M.; Lagorio, M. Gabriela

2003-09-01

An experiment analyzing the kinetics of dissolution of a solid with cylindrical geometry in water is presented. The dissolution process is followed by measuring the solid mass and its size parameters (thickness and diameter) as a function of time. It is verified that the dissolution rate follows the Nernst model. Data treatment is compared with the dissolution of a spherical solid previously described. Kinetics, diffusion concepts, and polynomial fitting of experimental data are combined in this simple experiment.

A Parameter-Free Semilocal Exchange Energy Functional for Two-Dimensional Quantum Systems.

PubMed

Patra, Abhilash; Jana, Subrata; Samal, Prasanjit

2018-04-05

The method of constructing semilocal density functional for exchange in two dimensions using one of the premier approaches, i.e., density matrix expansion, is revisited, and an accurate functional is constructed. The form of the functional is quite simple and includes no adjustable semiempirical parameters. In it, the kinetic energy dependent momentum is used to compensate nonlocal effects of the system. The functional is then examined by considering the very well-known semiconductor quantum dot systems. And despite its very simple form, the results obtained for quantum dots containing a higher number of electrons agrees pretty well with that of the standard exact exchange theory. Some of the desired properties relevant for the two-dimensional exchange functional and the lower bound associated with it are also discussed. It is observed that the above parameter-free semilocal exchange functional satisfies most of the discussed conditions.

What matters to infrequent customers: a pragmatic approach to understanding perceived value and intention to revisit trendy coffee café.

PubMed

Ting, Hiram; Thurasamy, Ramayah

2016-01-01

Notwithstanding the rise of trendy coffee café, little is done to investigate revisit intention towards the café in the context of developing markets. In particular, there is a lack of study which provides theoretical and practical explanation to the perceptions and behaviours of infrequent customers. Hence, the study aims to look into the subject matter by using the theory of reasoned action and social exchange theory as the underpinning basis. The framework proposed by Pine and Gilmore (Strat Leadersh 28:18-23, 2000), which asserts the importance of product quality, service quality and experience quality in a progressive manner, is used to decompose perceived value in the model so as to determine their effects on intention to revisit the café. Given the importance to gain practical insights into revisit intention of infrequent customers, pragmatism stance is assumed. Explanatory sequential mixed-method design is thus adopted whereby qualitative approach is used to confirm and complement quantitative findings. Self-administered questionnaire-based survey is first administered before personal interview is carried out at various cafés. Partial least squares structural equation modelling and content analysis are appropriated successively. In the quantitative findings, although product quality, service quality and experience quality are found to have positive effect on perceived value and revisit intention towards trendy coffee café, experience quality is found to have the greater effect than the others among the infrequent customers. The qualitative findings not only confirm their importance, but most importantly explain the favourable impressions they have at trendy coffee café based on their last in-store experience. While product and service quality might not necessary stimulate them to revisit trendy coffee café, experience quality driven by purposes of visit would likely affect their intention to revisit. As retaining customers is of utmost importance to businesses, and infrequent customers more than often make up the majority of the customers, the study provides meaningful and practical understanding of revisit intention.

Acknowledgment Tokens and Speakership Incipiency Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zimmerman, Don H.

1993-01-01

Drummond and Hopper's article in this issue, "Back Channels Revisited," is argued to have decontextualized Jefferson's acknowledgement token phenomenon. The need for careful coding protocols for research on conversational practices is discussed. (eight references) (LB)

High Resolution Rapid Revisits Insar Monitoring of Surface Deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singhroy, V.; Li, J.; Charbonneau, F.

2014-12-01

Monitoring surface deformation on strategic energy and transportation corridors requires high resolution spatial and temporal InSAR images for mitigation and safety purposes. High resolution air photos, lidar and other satellite images are very useful in areas where the landslides can be fatal. Recently, radar interferometry (InSAR) techniques using more rapid revisit images from several radar satellites are increasingly being used in active deformation monitoring. The Canadian RADARSAT Constellation (RCM) is a three-satellite mission that will provide rapid revisits of four days interferometric (InSAR) capabilities that will be very useful for complex deformation monitoring. For instance, the monitoring of surface deformation due to permafrost activity, complex rock slide motion and steam assisted oil extraction will benefit from this new rapid revisit capability. This paper provide examples of how the high resolution (1-3 m) rapid revisit InSAR capabilities will improve our monitoring of surface deformation and provide insights in understanding triggering mechanisms. We analysed over a hundred high resolution InSAR images over a two year period on three geologically different sites with various configurations of topography, geomorphology, and geology conditions. We show from our analysis that the more frequent InSAR acquisitions are providing more information in understanding the rates of movement and failure process of permafrost triggered retrogressive thaw flows; the complex motion of an asymmetrical wedge failure of an active rock slide and the identification of over pressure zones related to oil extraction using steam injection. Keywords: High resolution, InSAR, rapid revisits, triggering mechanisms, oil extraction.

Factor structure of overall autobiographical memory usage: the directive, self and social functions revisited.

PubMed

Rasmussen, Anne S; Habermas, Tilmann

2011-08-01

According to theory, autobiographical memory serves three broad functions of overall usage: directive, self, and social. However, there is evidence to suggest that the tripartite model may be better conceptualised in terms of a four-factor model with two social functions. In the present study we examined the two models in Danish and German samples, using the Thinking About Life Experiences Questionnaire (TALE; Bluck, Alea, Habermas, & Rubin, 2005), which measures the overall usage of the three functions generalised across concrete memories. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor model and rejected the theoretical three-factor model in both samples. The results are discussed in relation to cultural differences in overall autobiographical memory usage as well as sharing versus non-sharing aspects of social remembering.

Smoothing of climate time series revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mann, Michael E.

2008-08-01

We present an easily implemented method for smoothing climate time series, generalizing upon an approach previously described by Mann (2004). The method adaptively weights the three lowest order time series boundary constraints to optimize the fit with the raw time series. We apply the method to the instrumental global mean temperature series from 1850-2007 and to various surrogate global mean temperature series from 1850-2100 derived from the CMIP3 multimodel intercomparison project. These applications demonstrate that the adaptive method systematically out-performs certain widely used default smoothing methods, and is more likely to yield accurate assessments of long-term warming trends.

The Paving Stones: initial feed-back on an attempt to apply the AGILE principles for the development of a CubeSat space mission to Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segret, Boris; Semery, Alain; Vannitsen, Jordan; Mosser, Benoît.; Miau, Jiun-Jih; Juang, Jyh-Ching; Deleflie, Florent

2014-08-01

The AGILE principles in the software industry seems well adapted to the paradigm of CubeSat missions that involve students for the development of space missions. Some of well-known engineering and program processes are revisited on the example of an interplanetary CubeSat mission profile that has been developed by several teams of students in various countries and at various educational levels since 02/2013. The lessons learned at adapting traditional space mission methods are emphasized and they produce a metaphoric image of paving stones.

Caribbean Bulimulus revisited: physical moves and molecular traces (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bulimulidae)

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Twenty-five samples of Bulimulus species are studied, partly from localities within their known distribution range, partly based on interceptions where the material originates from localities where the species seem to be recently introduced and non-native. Molecular study of cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) reveals the origin of some of these introductions, but is less conclusive for others. Four different methods for species delimitation were applied, which did not result in unambiguous species hypotheses. For a rapid identification of morphologically indistinct species, a more comprehensive database of sequences is needed. PMID:27069787

Atypical Fibroxanthoma Revisited.

PubMed

Mentzel, Thomas; Requena, Luis; Brenn, Thomas

2017-06-01

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) represents a rare mesenchymal neoplasm arising predominantly in the head and neck area of elderly patients. Clinically, the neoplasm is characterized by a rapid and exophytic growth with frequent ulceration of the epidermis. Histopathologically, AFX represents a well-circumscribed, dermal-based neoplasm composed of a variable admixture of large histiocytoid cells, enlarged spindled and epithelioid tumor cells, and multinucleated tumor giant cells with bizarre and pleomorphic nuclei. If strict diagnostic criteria are applied, the clinical behavior of AFX is benign in most cases, and complete excision represents the treatment of choice. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modifications of the PCPT method for HJB equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kossaczký, I.; Ehrhardt, M.; Günther, M.

2016-10-01

In this paper we will revisit the modification of the piecewise constant policy timestepping (PCPT) method for solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations. This modification is called piecewise predicted policy timestepping (PPPT) method and if properly used, it may be significantly faster. We will quickly recapitulate the algorithms of PCPT, PPPT methods and of the classical implicit method and apply them on a passport option pricing problem with non-standard payoff. We will present modifications needed to solve this problem effectively with the PPPT method and compare the performance with the PCPT method and the classical implicit method.

The Alvarez and Lohmann refractive lenses revisited.

PubMed

Barbero, Sergio

2009-05-25

Alvarez and Lohmann lenses are variable focus optical devices based on lateral shifts of two lenses with cubic-type surfaces. I analyzed the optical performance of these types of lenses computing the first order optical properties (applying wavefront refraction and propagation) without the restriction of the thin lens approximation, and the spot diagram using a ray tracing algorithm. I proposed an analytic and numerical method to select the most optimum coefficients and the specific configuration of these lenses. The results show that Lohmann composite lens is slightly superior to Alvarez one because the overall thickness and optical aberrations are smaller.

Z H η vertex in the simplest little Higgs model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Shi-Ping; Mao, Ying-nan; Zhang, Chen; Zhu, Shou-hua

2018-04-01

The issue of deriving Z H η vertex in the simplest little Higgs (SLH) model is revisited. Special attention is paid to the treatment of noncanonically-normalized scalar kinetic matrix and vector-scalar two-point transitions. We elucidate a general procedure to diagonalize a general vector-scalar system in gauge theories and apply it to the case of SLH. The resultant Z H η vertex is found to be different from those which have already existed in the literature for a long time. We also present an understanding of this issue from an effective field theory viewpoint.

High-order space-time finite element schemes for acoustic and viscodynamic wave equations with temporal decoupling.

PubMed

Banks, H T; Birch, Malcolm J; Brewin, Mark P; Greenwald, Stephen E; Hu, Shuhua; Kenz, Zackary R; Kruse, Carola; Maischak, Matthias; Shaw, Simon; Whiteman, John R

2014-04-13

We revisit a method originally introduced by Werder et al. (in Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 190:6685-6708, 2001) for temporally discontinuous Galerkin FEMs applied to a parabolic partial differential equation. In that approach, block systems arise because of the coupling of the spatial systems through inner products of the temporal basis functions. If the spatial finite element space is of dimension D and polynomials of degree r are used in time, the block system has dimension ( r + 1) D and is usually regarded as being too large when r > 1. Werder et al. found that the space-time coupling matrices are diagonalizable over [Formula: see text] for r ⩽ 100, and this means that the time-coupled computations within a time step can actually be decoupled. By using either continuous Galerkin or spectral element methods in space, we apply this DG-in-time methodology, for the first time, to second-order wave equations including elastodynamics with and without Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell-Zener viscoelasticity. An example set of numerical results is given to demonstrate the favourable effect on error and computational work of the moderately high-order (up to degree 7) temporal and spatio-temporal approximations, and we also touch on an application of this method to an ambitious problem related to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

High-order space-time finite element schemes for acoustic and viscodynamic wave equations with temporal decoupling

PubMed Central

Banks, H T; Birch, Malcolm J; Brewin, Mark P; Greenwald, Stephen E; Hu, Shuhua; Kenz, Zackary R; Kruse, Carola; Maischak, Matthias; Shaw, Simon; Whiteman, John R

2014-01-01

We revisit a method originally introduced by Werder et al. (in Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 190:6685–6708, 2001) for temporally discontinuous Galerkin FEMs applied to a parabolic partial differential equation. In that approach, block systems arise because of the coupling of the spatial systems through inner products of the temporal basis functions. If the spatial finite element space is of dimension D and polynomials of degree r are used in time, the block system has dimension (r + 1)D and is usually regarded as being too large when r > 1. Werder et al. found that the space-time coupling matrices are diagonalizable over for r ⩽100, and this means that the time-coupled computations within a time step can actually be decoupled. By using either continuous Galerkin or spectral element methods in space, we apply this DG-in-time methodology, for the first time, to second-order wave equations including elastodynamics with and without Kelvin–Voigt and Maxwell–Zener viscoelasticity. An example set of numerical results is given to demonstrate the favourable effect on error and computational work of the moderately high-order (up to degree 7) temporal and spatio-temporal approximations, and we also touch on an application of this method to an ambitious problem related to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. PMID:25834284

Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on clinical course after an episode of acute heart failure. EAHFE-COPD study.

PubMed

Jacob, Javier; Tost, Josep; Miró, Òscar; Herrero, Pablo; Martín-Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Llorens, Pere

2017-01-15

To study if the coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients diagnosed with acute heart failure (AHF) at the emergency department (ED) has an impact on short- and long-term outcomes. The EAHFE-COPD study included patients who attended in 34 Spanish EDs for AHF. We compared patients with AHF plus COPD with patients with AHF in whom COPD was neither diagnosed nor excluded by functional respiratory tests (FRT). Outcome analysis included all-cause mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and ED revisit. Crude results were adjusted by differences between patients with and without COPD. We included 8099 patients with AHF, 2069 having COPD (25.6%; AHF-COPD-known). Compared with AHF-COPD-unknown, AHF-COPD-known differed in 20 variables. After adjusting for differences between the two groups, AHF-COPD-known patients showed no significant differences in 30-day mortality (OR=0.89; 95% CI=0.71-1.11), prolonged hospitalization in general wards (OR=1.04; 95% CI=0.89-1.22) or SSU (OR=1.38; 95% CI=0.97-1.97), and 1-year mortality (HR: 1.02; 95% CI=0.89-1.17), but showed a higher 30-day revisit rate (OR=1.32; 95% CI=1.13-1.54). In patients attending the ED for AHF, the coexistence of COPD is only associated with an increased risk of short-term ED revisit, but not prolonged hospitalization and short- or long-term mortality. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quasi-classical approaches to vibronic spectra revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karsten, Sven; Ivanov, Sergei D.; Bokarev, Sergey I.; Kühn, Oliver

2018-03-01

The framework to approach quasi-classical dynamics in the electronic ground state is well established and is based on the Kubo-transformed time correlation function (TCF), being the most classical-like quantum TCF. Here we discuss whether the choice of the Kubo-transformed TCF as a starting point for simulating vibronic spectra is as unambiguous as it is for vibrational ones. Employing imaginary-time path integral techniques in combination with the interaction representation allowed us to formulate a method for simulating vibronic spectra in the adiabatic regime that takes nuclear quantum effects and dynamics on multiple potential energy surfaces into account. Further, a generalized quantum TCF is proposed that contains many well-established TCFs, including the Kubo one, as particular cases. Importantly, it also provides a framework to construct new quantum TCFs. Applying the developed methodology to the generalized TCF leads to a plethora of simulation protocols, which are based on the well-known TCFs as well as on new ones. Their performance is investigated on 1D anharmonic model systems at finite temperatures. It is shown that the protocols based on the new TCFs may lead to superior results with respect to those based on the common ones. The strategies to find the optimal approach are discussed.

Ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity in soft biological tissue: Porcine aortic walls revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lenz, Thomas; Hummel, Regina; Katsouras, Ilias; Groen, Wilhelm A.; Nijemeisland, Marlies; Ruemmler, Robert; Schäfer, Michael K. E.; de Leeuw, Dago M.

2017-09-01

Recently reported piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements have proposed that porcine aortic walls are ferroelectric. This finding may have great implications for understanding biophysical properties of cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis. However, the complex anatomical structure of the aortic wall with different extracellular matrices appears unlikely to be ferroelectric. The reason is that a prerequisite for ferroelectricity, which is the spontaneous switching of the polarization, is a polar crystal structure of the material. Although the PFM measurements were performed locally, the phase-voltage hysteresis loops could be reproduced at different positions on the tissue, suggesting that the whole aorta is ferroelectric. To corroborate this hypothesis, we analyzed entire pieces of porcine aorta globally, both with electrical and electromechanical measurements. We show that there is no hysteresis in the electric displacement as well as in the longitudinal strain as a function of applied electric field and that the strain depends on the electric field squared. By using the experimentally determined quasi-static permittivity and Young's modulus of the fixated aorta, we show that the strain can quantitatively be explained by Maxwell stress and electrostriction, meaning that the aortic wall is neither piezoelectric nor ferroelectric, but behaves as a regular dielectric material.

Red blood cell (RBC) suspensions in confined microflows: Pressure-flow relationship.

PubMed

Stauber, Hagit; Waisman, Dan; Korin, Netanel; Sznitman, Josué

2017-10-01

Microfluidic-based assays have become increasingly popular to explore microcirculation in vitro. In these experiments, blood is resuspended to a desired haematocrit level in a buffer solution, where frequent choices for preparing RBC suspensions comprise notably Dextran and physiological buffer. Yet, the rational for selecting one buffer versus another is often ill-defined and lacks detailed quantification, including ensuing changes in RBC flow characteristics. Here, we revisit RBC suspensions in microflows and attempt to quantify systematically some of the differences emanating between buffers. We measure bulk flow rate (Q) of RBC suspensions, using PBS- and Dextran-40, as a function of the applied pressure drop (ΔP) for two hematocrits (∼0% and 23%). Two distinct microfluidic designs of varying dimensions are employed: a straight channel larger than and a network array similar to the size of individual RBCs. Using the resulting pressure-flow curves, we extract the equivalent hydrodynamic resistances and estimate the relative viscosities. These efforts are a first step in rigorously quantifying the influence of the 'background' buffer on RBC flows within microfluidic devices and thereby underline the importance of purposefully selecting buffer suspensions for microfluidic in vitro assays. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Reexamination of the interaction of atoms with a LiF(001) surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miraglia, J. E.; Gravielle, M. S.

2017-02-01

Pairwise additive potentials for multielectronic atoms interacting with a LiF(001) surface are revisited by including an improved description of the electron density associated with the different lattice sites, as well as nonlocal electron density contributions. Within this model, the electron distribution around each ionic site of the crystal is described by means of a so-called "onion" approach that accounts for the influence of the Madelung potential. From such densities, binary interatomic potentials are then derived by using well-known nonlocal functionals. Rumpling and long-range contributions due to projectile polarization and van der Waals forces are also included. We apply this pairwise additive approximation to evaluate the interaction potential between closed-shell (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) and open-shell (N, S, and Cl) atoms and the LiF surface, analyzing the relative importance of the different contributions. The performance of the proposed potentials is assessed by contrasting angular positions of rainbow and supernumerary rainbow maxima produced by fast grazing incidence with available experimental data. One important result of our model is that both van der Waals contributions and thermal lattice vibrations play a negligible role for normal energies in the eV range.

Contact angle and local wetting at contact line.

PubMed

Li, Ri; Shan, Yanguang

2012-11-06

This theoretical study was motivated by recent experiments and theoretical work that had suggested the dependence of the static contact angle on the local wetting at the triple-phase contact line. We revisit this topic because the static contact angle as a local wetting parameter is still not widely understood and clearly known. To further clarify the relationship of the static contact angle with wetting, two approaches are applied to derive a general equation for the static contact angle of a droplet on a composite surface composed of heterogeneous components. A global approach based on the free surface energy of a thermodynamic system containing the droplet and solid surface shows the static contact angle as a function of local surface chemistry and local wetting state at the contact line. A local approach, in which only local forces acting on the contact line are considered, results in the same equation. The fact that the local approach agrees with the global approach further demonstrates the static contact angle as a local wetting parameter. Additionally, the study also suggests that the wetting described by the Wenzel and Cassie equations is also the local wetting of the contact line rather than the global wetting of the droplet.

Revisiting Gaussian Process Regression Modeling for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Richter, Philipp; Toledano-Ayala, Manuel

2015-01-01

Signal strength-based positioning in wireless sensor networks is a key technology for seamless, ubiquitous localization, especially in areas where Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals propagate poorly. To enable wireless local area network (WLAN) location fingerprinting in larger areas while maintaining accuracy, methods to reduce the effort of radio map creation must be consolidated and automatized. Gaussian process regression has been applied to overcome this issue, also with auspicious results, but the fit of the model was never thoroughly assessed. Instead, most studies trained a readily available model, relying on the zero mean and squared exponential covariance function, without further scrutinization. This paper studies the Gaussian process regression model selection for WLAN fingerprinting in indoor and outdoor environments. We train several models for indoor/outdoor- and combined areas; we evaluate them quantitatively and compare them by means of adequate model measures, hence assessing the fit of these models directly. To illuminate the quality of the model fit, the residuals of the proposed model are investigated, as well. Comparative experiments on the positioning performance verify and conclude the model selection. In this way, we show that the standard model is not the most appropriate, discuss alternatives and present our best candidate. PMID:26370996

Geometrical effects on western intensification of wind-driven ocean currents: The rotated-channel Stommel model, coastal orientation, and curvature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyd, John P.; Sanjaya, Edwin

2014-03-01

We revisit early models of steady western boundary currents [Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, etc.] to explore the role of irregular coastlines on jets, both to advance the research frontier and to illuminate for education. In the framework of a steady-state, quasigeostrophic model with viscosity, bottom friction and nonlinearity, we prove that rotating a straight coastline, initially parallel to the meridians, significantly thickens the western boundary layer. We analyze an infinitely long, straight channel with arbitrary orientation and bottom friction using an exact solution and singular perturbation theory, and show that the model, though simpler than Stommel's, nevertheless captures both the western boundary jet (“Gulf Stream”) and the “orientation effect”. In the rest of the article, we restrict attention to the Stommel flow (that is, linear and inviscid except for bottom friction) and apply matched asymptotic expansions, radial basis function, Fourier-Chebyshev and Chebyshev-Chebyshev pseudospectral methods to explore the effects of coastal geometry in a variety of non-rectangular domains bounded by a circle, parabolas and squircles. Although our oceans are unabashedly idealized, the narrow spikes, broad jets and stationary points vividly illustrate the power and complexity of coastal control of western boundary layers.

Revisiting the Legislative Veto Issue: A Recent Amendment to the Arms Export Control Act

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

Executive functions in disregard of the fundamental principle of separation of powers . [10] In the aftermath of the presidential veto, the Congress adopted...history, the Supreme Court endorsed the Constitution’s scheme for the separation of powers . Chief Justice Warren E. Burger noted that Article I of...majority. Accordingly, the drafters of Public Law 99-247 considered that the joint resolution mechanism satisfies the " separation of powers " and the

Predator-prey interactions, resource depression and patch revisitation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Erwin, R.M.

1989-01-01

Generalist predators may be confronted by different types of prey in different patches: sedentary and conspicuous, cryptic (with or without refugia), conspicuous and nonsocial, or conspicuous and social. I argue that, where encounter rates with prey are of most importance, patch revisitation should be a profitable tactic where prey have short 'recovery' times (conspicuous, nonsocial prey), or where anti-predator response (e.g. shoaling) may increase conspicuousness. Predictions are made for how temporal changes in prey encounter rates should affect revisit schedules and feeding rates for the 4 different prey types.

Dissociative adsorption of CH{sub 3}X (X = Br and Cl) on a silicon(100) surface revisited by density functional theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Chen-Guang; Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6; Huang, Kai, E-mail: khuang@chem.utoronto.ca, E-mail: wji@ruc.edu.cn

During the dissociative adsorption on a solid surface, the substrate usually participates in a passive manner to accommodate fragments produced upon the cleavage of the internal bond(s) of a (transient) molecular adsorbate. This simple picture, however, neglects the flexibility of surface atoms. Here, we report a Density Functional Theory study to revisit our early studies of the dissociative adsorption of CH{sub 3}X (X = Br and Cl) on Si(100). We have identified a new reaction pathway, which involves a flip of a silicon dimer; this new pathway agrees better with experiments. For our main exemplar of CH{sub 3}Br, insights havemore » been gained using a simple model that involves a three-atom reactive center, Br-C-Si. When the silicon dimer flips, the interaction between C and Si in the Br-C-Si center is enhanced, evident in the increased energy-split of the frontier orbitals. We also examine how the dissociation dynamics of CH{sub 3}Br is altered on a heterodimer (Si-Al, Si-P, and Si-Ge) in a Si(100) surface. In each case, we conclude, on the basis of computed reaction pathways, that no heterodimer flipping is involved before the system transverses the transition state to dissociative adsorption.« less

MnNiO3 revisited with modern theoretical and experimental methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dzubak, Allison L.; Mitra, Chandrima; Chance, Michael; Kuhn, Stephen; Jellison, Gerald E.; Sefat, Athena S.; Krogel, Jaron T.; Reboredo, Fernando A.

2017-11-01

MnNiO3 is a strongly correlated transition metal oxide that has recently been investigated theoretically for its potential application as an oxygen-evolution photocatalyst. However, there is no experimental report on critical quantities such as the band gap or bulk modulus. Recent theoretical predictions with standard functionals such as LDA+U and HSE show large discrepancies in the band gaps (about 1.23 eV), depending on the nature of the functional used. Hence there is clearly a need for an accurate quantitative prediction of the band gap to gauge its utility as a photocatalyst. In this work, we present a diffusion quantum Monte Carlo study of the bulk properties of MnNiO3 and revisit the synthesis and experimental properties of the compound. We predict quasiparticle band gaps of 2.0(5) eV and 3.8(6) eV for the majority and minority spin channels, respectively, and an equilibrium volume of 92.8 Å3, which compares well to the experimental value of 94.4 Å3. A bulk modulus of 217 GPa is predicted for MnNiO3. We rationalize the difficulty for the formation of ordered ilmenite-type structure with specific sites for Ni and Mn to be potentially due to the formation of antisite defects that form during synthesis, which ultimately affects the physical properties of MnNiO3.

Slowly rotating homogeneous masses revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reina, Borja

2016-02-01

Hartle's model for slowly rotating stars has been extensively used to compute equilibrium configurations of slowly rotating stars to second order in perturbation theory in general relativity, given a barotropic equation of state. A recent study based on the modern theory of perturbed matchings concludes that the functions in the (first and second order) perturbation tensors can always be taken as continuous at the surface of the star, except for the second-order function m0. This function presents a jump at the surface of the star proportional to the discontinuity of the energy density there. This concerns only a particular outcome of the model: the change in mass δM. In this paper, the amended change in mass is calculated for the case of constant density stars.

The NGC 7742 star cluster luminosity function: a population analysis revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Grijs, Richard; Ma, Chao

2018-02-01

We re-examine the properties of the star cluster population in the circumnuclear starburst ring in the face-on spiral galaxy NGC 7742, whose young cluster mass function has been reported to exhibit significant deviations from the canonical power law. We base our reassessment on the clusters’ luminosities (an observational quantity) rather than their masses (a derived quantity), and confirm conclusively that the galaxy’s starburst-ring clusters—and particularly the youngest subsample, {log}(t {{{yr}}}-1)≤ 7.2—show evidence of a turnover in the cluster luminosity function well above the 90% completeness limit adopted to ensure the reliability of our results. This confirmation emphasizes the unique conundrum posed by this unusual cluster population.

Completion of the universal I-Love-Q relations in compact stars including the mass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reina, Borja; Sanchis-Gual, Nicolas; Vera, Raül; Font, José A.

2017-09-01

In a recent paper, we applied a rigorous perturbed matching framework to show the amendment of the mass of rotating stars in Hartle's model. Here, we apply this framework to the tidal problem in binary systems. Our approach fully accounts for the correction to the Love numbers needed to obtain the universal I-Love-Q relations. We compute the corrected mass versus radius configurations of rotating quark stars, revisiting a classical paper on the subject. These corrections allow us to find a universal relation involving the second-order contribution to the mass δM. We thus complete the set of universal relations for the tidal problem in binary systems, involving four perturbation parameters, namely I, Love, Q and δM. These relations can be used to obtain the perturbation parameters directly from observational data.

Pediatric constipation in the emergency department: evaluation, treatment, and outcomes.

PubMed

Freedman, Stephen B; Thull-Freedman, Jennifer; Rumantir, Maggie; Eltorki, Mohamed; Schuh, Suzanne

2014-09-01

Limited knowledge exists surrounding the pharmacologic management of pediatric constipation in the emergency department (ED) setting and the success of interventions. Our primary objective was to determine whether enema administration is associated with 7-day ED revisits for persistent symptoms. Secondary objectives focused on assessing other predictors of ED revisits. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children <18 years old, diagnosed as having constipation (International Classification of Diseases-10 codes F98.1 nonorganic encopresis, K59.0 constipation) in a pediatric ED in Toronto, Canada, between November 2008 and October 2010. A total of 3592 visits were included; 6% (n = 225) were associated with a revisit. Children with revisits more frequently had vomiting (28% vs 17%, P = 0.001), more pain (5.7 ± 3.6 vs 4.6-3.6 of 10, P = 0.01), and underwent more blood tests (19% 05, 11%, 95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference 3%-14%] and diagnostic imaging (62% vs 47%, 95% CI of the difference 9%-22%). Children administered an enema were 1.54 times more likely to revisit the ED than those who did not receive an enema (8.6% vs 5.5%, 95% CI of the difference 1.1%-5.2%, P = 0.001). Type of enema administered varied by age (P < 0.001). Regression analysis identified the following independent predictors of revisits: diagnostic imaging (odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.15-2.06), vomiting (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.98), enema administration (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.05-1.88), and significant medical history (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04-1.53). Enema administration and diagnostic imaging are associated with revisits in children diagnosed with constipation. Their role in the ED management of pediatric constipation requires further evaluation.

Revisiting the Aqueous Solutions of Dimethyl Sulfoxide by Spectroscopy in the Mid- and Near-Infrared: Experiments and Car-Parrinello Simulations.

PubMed

Wallace, Victoria M; Dhumal, Nilesh R; Zehentbauer, Florian M; Kim, Hyung J; Kiefer, Johannes

2015-11-19

The infrared and near-infrared spectra of the aqueous solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide are revisited. Experimental and computational vibrational spectra are analyzed and compared. The latter are determined as the Fourier transformation of the velocity autocorrelation function of data obtained from Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. The experimental absorption spectra are deconvolved, and the excess spectra are determined. The two-dimensional excess contour plot provides a means of visualizing and identifying spectral regions and concentration ranges exhibiting nonideal behavior. In the binary mixtures, the analysis of the SO stretching band provides a semiquantitative picture of the formation and dissociation of hydrogen-bonded DMSO-water complexes. A maximum concentration of these clusters is found in the equimolar mixture. At high DMSO concentration, the formation of rather stable 3DMSO:1water complexes is suggested. The formation of 1DMSO:2water clusters, in which the water oxygen atoms interact with the sulfoxide methyl groups, is proposed as a possible reason for the marked depression of the freezing temperature at the eutectic point.

Spontaneous revisitation during visual exploration as a link among strategic behavior, learning, and the hippocampus.

PubMed

Voss, Joel L; Warren, David E; Gonsalves, Brian D; Federmeier, Kara D; Tranel, Dan; Cohen, Neal J

2011-08-02

Effective exploratory behaviors involve continuous updating of sensory sampling to optimize the efficacy of information gathering. Despite some work on this issue in animals, little information exists regarding the cognitive or neural mechanisms for this sort of behavioral optimization in humans. Here we examined a visual exploration phenomenon that occurred when human subjects studying an array of objects spontaneously looked "backward" in their scanning paths to view recently seen objects again. This "spontaneous revisitation" of recently viewed objects was associated with enhanced hippocampal activity and superior subsequent memory performance in healthy participants, but occurred only rarely in amnesic patients with severe damage to the hippocampus. These findings demonstrate the necessity of the hippocampus not just in the aspects of long-term memory with which it has been associated previously, but also in the short-term adaptive control of behavior. Functional neuroimaging showed hippocampal engagement occurring in conjunction with frontocerebellar circuits, thereby revealing some of the larger brain circuitry essential for the strategic deployment of information-seeking behaviors that optimize learning.

Revisiting the Quinoxalinedione Scaffold in the Construction of New Ligands for the Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors.

PubMed

Demmer, Charles S; Rombach, David; Liu, Na; Nielsen, Birgitte; Pickering, Darryl S; Bunch, Lennart

2017-11-15

More than two decades ago, the quinoxalinedione scaffold was shown to act as an α-amino acid bioisoster. Following extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, the antagonists DNQX, CNQX, and NBQX in the ionotropic glutamate receptor field were identified. In this work, we revisit the quinoxalinedione scaffold and explore the incorporation of an acid functionality in the 6-position. The SAR studies disclose that by this strategy it was possible to tune in iGluR selectivity among the AMPA, NMDA, and KA receptors, and to some extent also obtain full receptor subtype selectivity. Highlights of the study of 44 new analogues are compound 2m being a high affinity ligand for native AMPA receptors (IC 50 = 0.48 μM), analogues 2e,f,h,k,v all displayed selectivity for native NMDA receptors, and compounds 2s,t,u are selective ligand for the GluK1 receptor. Most interestingly, compound 2w was shown to be a GluK3-preferring ligand with full selectivity over native AMPA, KA and NMDA receptors.

The "Mushroom Cloud" Demonstration Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Panzarasa, Guido; Sparnacci, Katia

2013-01-01

A revisitation of the classical "mushroom cloud" demonstration is described. Instead of aniline and benzoyl peroxide, the proposed reaction involves household chemicals such as alpha-pinene (turpentine oil) and trichloroisocyanuric acid ("Trichlor") giving an impressive demonstration of oxidation and combustion reactions that…

Revisiting Bioaccumulation Criteria

EPA Science Inventory

The objective of workgroup 5 was to revisit the B(ioaccumulation) criteria that are currently being used to identify POPs under the Stockholm Convention and PBTs under CEPA, TSCA, REACh and other programs. Despite the lack of a recognized definition for a B substance, we defined ...

Re-visiting protein-centric two-tier classification of existing DNA-protein complexes

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Precise DNA-protein interactions play most important and vital role in maintaining the normal physiological functioning of the cell, as it controls many high fidelity cellular processes. Detailed study of the nature of these interactions has paved the way for understanding the mechanisms behind the biological processes in which they are involved. Earlier in 2000, a systematic classification of DNA-protein complexes based on the structural analysis of the proteins was proposed at two tiers, namely groups and families. With the advancement in the number and resolution of structures of DNA-protein complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank, it is important to revisit the existing classification. Results On the basis of the sequence analysis of DNA binding proteins, we have built upon the protein centric, two-tier classification of DNA-protein complexes by adding new members to existing families and making new families and groups. While classifying the new complexes, we also realised the emergence of new groups and families. The new group observed was where β-propeller was seen to interact with DNA. There were 34 SCOP folds which were observed to be present in the complexes of both old and new classifications, whereas 28 folds are present exclusively in the new complexes. Some new families noticed were NarL transcription factor, Z-α DNA binding proteins, Forkhead transcription factor, AP2 protein, Methyl CpG binding protein etc. Conclusions Our results suggest that with the increasing number of availability of DNA-protein complexes in Protein Data Bank, the number of families in the classification increased by approximately three fold. The folds present exclusively in newly classified complexes is suggestive of inclusion of proteins with new function in new classification, the most populated of which are the folds responsible for DNA damage repair. The proposed re-visited classification can be used to perform genome-wide surveys in the genomes of interest for the presence of DNA-binding proteins. Further analysis of these complexes can aid in developing algorithms for identifying DNA-binding proteins and their family members from mere sequence information. PMID:22800292

Re-visiting protein-centric two-tier classification of existing DNA-protein complexes.

PubMed

Malhotra, Sony; Sowdhamini, Ramanathan

2012-07-16

Precise DNA-protein interactions play most important and vital role in maintaining the normal physiological functioning of the cell, as it controls many high fidelity cellular processes. Detailed study of the nature of these interactions has paved the way for understanding the mechanisms behind the biological processes in which they are involved. Earlier in 2000, a systematic classification of DNA-protein complexes based on the structural analysis of the proteins was proposed at two tiers, namely groups and families. With the advancement in the number and resolution of structures of DNA-protein complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank, it is important to revisit the existing classification. On the basis of the sequence analysis of DNA binding proteins, we have built upon the protein centric, two-tier classification of DNA-protein complexes by adding new members to existing families and making new families and groups. While classifying the new complexes, we also realised the emergence of new groups and families. The new group observed was where β-propeller was seen to interact with DNA. There were 34 SCOP folds which were observed to be present in the complexes of both old and new classifications, whereas 28 folds are present exclusively in the new complexes. Some new families noticed were NarL transcription factor, Z-α DNA binding proteins, Forkhead transcription factor, AP2 protein, Methyl CpG binding protein etc. Our results suggest that with the increasing number of availability of DNA-protein complexes in Protein Data Bank, the number of families in the classification increased by approximately three fold. The folds present exclusively in newly classified complexes is suggestive of inclusion of proteins with new function in new classification, the most populated of which are the folds responsible for DNA damage repair. The proposed re-visited classification can be used to perform genome-wide surveys in the genomes of interest for the presence of DNA-binding proteins. Further analysis of these complexes can aid in developing algorithms for identifying DNA-binding proteins and their family members from mere sequence information.

The anisosphere as a new tool for interpreting Foucault pendulum experiments. Part I: harmonic oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verreault, René

2017-08-01

In an attempt to explain the tendency of Foucault pendula to develop elliptical orbits, Kamerlingh Onnes derived equations of motion that suggest the use of great circles on a spherical surface as a graphical illustration for an anisotropic bi-dimensional harmonic oscillator, although he did not himself exploit the idea any further. The concept of anisosphere is introduced in this work as a new means of interpreting pendulum motion. It can be generalized to the case of any two-dimensional (2-D) oscillating system, linear or nonlinear, including the case where coupling between the 2 degrees of freedom is present. Earlier pendulum experiments in the literature are revisited and reanalyzed as a test for the anisosphere approach. While that graphical method can be applied to strongly nonlinear cases with great simplicity, this part I is illustrated through a revisit of Kamerlingh Onnes' dissertation, where a high performance pendulum skillfully emulates a 2-D harmonic oscillator. Anisotropy due to damping is also described. A novel experiment strategy based on the anisosphere approach is proposed. Finally, recent original results with a long pendulum using an electronic recording alidade are presented. A gain in precision over traditional methods by 2-3 orders of magnitude is achieved.

Changes in Sea Levels around the British Isles Revisited (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teferle, F. N.; Hansen, D. N.; Bingley, R. M.; Williams, S. D.; Woodworth, P. L.; Gehrels, W. R.; Bradley, S. L.; Stocchi, P.

2009-12-01

Recently a number of new and/or updated sources for estimates of vertical land movements for the British Isles have become available allowing the relative and average changes in sea levels for this region to be revisited. The geodetic data set stems from a combination of re-processed continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements from stations in the British Isles and from a global reference frame network, and absolute gravity (AG) measurements from two stations in the British Isles. The geologic data set of late Holocene sea level indicators has recently been updated, now applying corrections for the 20th century sea level rise, syphoning effect and late Holocene global ice melt, and expanded to Northern Ireland and Ireland. Several new model predictions of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) process active in this region form the modelling data set of vertical land movements for the British Isles. Correcting the updated revised local reference (RLR) trends from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) with these vertical land movement data sets, regional and averaged changes in sea levels around the British Isles have been investigated. Special focus is thereby also given to the coastal areas that have recently been identified within the UK Climate Projections 2009.

Complexity Level Analysis Revisited: What Can 30 Years of Hindsight Tell Us about How the Brain Might Represent Visual Information?

PubMed Central

Tsotsos, John K.

2017-01-01

Much has been written about how the biological brain might represent and process visual information, and how this might inspire and inform machine vision systems. Indeed, tremendous progress has been made, and especially during the last decade in the latter area. However, a key question seems too often, if not mostly, be ignored. This question is simply: do proposed solutions scale with the reality of the brain's resources? This scaling question applies equally to brain and to machine solutions. A number of papers have examined the inherent computational difficulty of visual information processing using theoretical and empirical methods. The main goal of this activity had three components: to understand the deep nature of the computational problem of visual information processing; to discover how well the computational difficulty of vision matches to the fixed resources of biological seeing systems; and, to abstract from the matching exercise the key principles that lead to the observed characteristics of biological visual performance. This set of components was termed complexity level analysis in Tsotsos (1987) and was proposed as an important complement to Marr's three levels of analysis. This paper revisits that work with the advantage that decades of hindsight can provide. PMID:28848458

Complexity Level Analysis Revisited: What Can 30 Years of Hindsight Tell Us about How the Brain Might Represent Visual Information?

PubMed

Tsotsos, John K

2017-01-01

Much has been written about how the biological brain might represent and process visual information, and how this might inspire and inform machine vision systems. Indeed, tremendous progress has been made, and especially during the last decade in the latter area. However, a key question seems too often, if not mostly, be ignored. This question is simply: do proposed solutions scale with the reality of the brain's resources? This scaling question applies equally to brain and to machine solutions. A number of papers have examined the inherent computational difficulty of visual information processing using theoretical and empirical methods. The main goal of this activity had three components: to understand the deep nature of the computational problem of visual information processing; to discover how well the computational difficulty of vision matches to the fixed resources of biological seeing systems; and, to abstract from the matching exercise the key principles that lead to the observed characteristics of biological visual performance. This set of components was termed complexity level analysis in Tsotsos (1987) and was proposed as an important complement to Marr's three levels of analysis. This paper revisits that work with the advantage that decades of hindsight can provide.

Revisiting the Landau fluid closure.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hunana, P.; Zank, G. P.; Webb, G. M.; Adhikari, L.

2017-12-01

Advanced fluid models that are much closer to the full kinetic description than the usual magnetohydrodynamic description are a very useful tool for studying astrophysical plasmas and for interpreting solar wind observational data. The development of advanced fluid models that contain certain kinetic effects is complicated and has attracted much attention over the past years. Here we focus on fluid models that incorporate the simplest possible forms of Landau damping, derived from linear kinetic theory expanded about a leading-order (gyrotropic) bi-Maxwellian distribution function f_0, under the approximation that the perturbed distribution function f_1 is gyrotropic as well. Specifically, we focus on various Pade approximants to the usual plasma response function (and to the plasma dispersion function) and examine possibilities that lead to a closure of the linear kinetic hierarchy of fluid moments. We present re-examination of the simplest Landau fluid closures.

Strong Poison Revisited

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prince, R.C.; Gailer, J.; Gunson, D.E.

2009-06-04

Selenium in the form of selenocysteine plays an essential role in a number of proteins, but its role in non-enzymatic biochemistry is also important. In this short review we discuss the interactions between inorganic selenium, arsenic and mercury under physiological conditions, especially in the presence of glutathione. This chemistry is obviously important in making the arsenic and mercury unavailable for more toxic interactions, but in the process it suggests that a side-effect of chronic arsenic and/or mercury exposure is likely to be functional selenium deficiency.

Einstein's equivalence principle in quantum mechanics revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nauenberg, Michael

2016-11-01

The gravitational equivalence principle in quantum mechanics is of considerable importance, but it is generally not included in physics textbooks. In this note, we present a precise quantum formulation of this principle and comment on its verification in a neutron diffraction experiment. The solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation for this problem also gives the wave function for the motion of a charged particle in a homogeneous electric field, which is also usually ignored in textbooks on quantum mechanics.

Constraints on small-scale primordial power by annihilation signals from extragalactic dark matter minihalos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakama, Tomohiro; Suyama, Teruaki; Kohri, Kazunori; Hiroshima, Nagisa

2018-01-01

We revisit constraints on small-scale primordial power from annihilation signals from dark matter minihalos. Using gamma rays and neutrinos from extragalactic minihalos and assuming the delta-function primordial spectrum, we show the dependence of the constraints on annihilation modes, the mass of dark matter, and the annihilation cross section. We report conservative constraints by assuming minihalos are fully destructed when becoming part of halos originating from the standard almost-scale invariant primordial spectrum and optimistic constraints by neglecting destruction.

Component Analysis of Remanent Magnetization Curves: A Revisit with a New Model Distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, X.; Suganuma, Y.; Fujii, M.

2017-12-01

Geological samples often consist of several magnetic components that have distinct origins. As the magnetic components are often indicative of their underlying geological and environmental processes, it is therefore desirable to identify individual components to extract associated information. This component analysis can be achieved using the so-called unmixing method, which fits a mixture model of certain end-member model distribution to the measured remanent magnetization curve. In earlier studies, the lognormal, skew generalized Gaussian and skewed Gaussian distributions have been used as the end-member model distribution in previous studies, which are performed on the gradient curve of remanent magnetization curves. However, gradient curves are sensitive to measurement noise as the differentiation of the measured curve amplifies noise, which could deteriorate the component analysis. Though either smoothing or filtering can be applied to reduce the noise before differentiation, their effect on biasing component analysis is vaguely addressed. In this study, we investigated a new model function that can be directly applied to the remanent magnetization curves and therefore avoid the differentiation. The new model function can provide more flexible shape than the lognormal distribution, which is a merit for modeling the coercivity distribution of complex magnetic component. We applied the unmixing method both to model and measured data, and compared the results with those obtained using other model distributions to better understand their interchangeability, applicability and limitation. The analyses on model data suggest that unmixing methods are inherently sensitive to noise, especially when the number of component is over two. It is, therefore, recommended to verify the reliability of component analysis by running multiple analyses with synthetic noise. Marine sediments and seafloor rocks are analyzed with the new model distribution. Given the same component number, the new model distribution can provide closer fits than the lognormal distribution evidenced by reduced residuals. Moreover, the new unmixing protocol is automated so that the users are freed from the labor of providing initial guesses for the parameters, which is also helpful to improve the subjectivity of component analysis.

The Evil of Banality: Arendt Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnich, Elizabeth

2014-01-01

"The banality of evil" (Arendt) remains controversial and useful. Ironically, the concept is now itself a banality. To revisit and extend it, we consider the "evil of banality", the profound dangers of cliched thoughtlessness. A distinction is proposed: "intensive" versus "extensive evils". The former takes…

Lakatos Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Court, Deborah

1999-01-01

Revisits and reviews Imre Lakatos' ideas on "Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes." Suggests that Lakatos' framework offers an insightful way of looking at the relationship between theory and research that is relevant not only for evaluating research programs in theoretical physics, but in the social…

Regime change: re-visiting the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.

PubMed

Bewley-Taylor, David; Jelsma, Martin

2012-01-01

March 2011 marked the 50th anniversary of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. This legal instrument, the bedrock of the current United Nations based global drug control regime, is often viewed as merely a consolidating treaty bringing together the multilateral drug control agreements that preceded it; an erroneous position that does little to provide historical context for contemporary discussions surrounding revision of the international treaty system. This article applies both historical and international relations perspectives to revisit the development of the Convention. Framing discussion within the context of regime theory, a critique of the foundational pre-1961 treaties is followed by detailed content analysis of the official records of the United Nations conference for the adoption of a Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and, mindful of later treaties, an examination of the treaty's status as a 'single' convention. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs represents a significant break with the regulative focus of the preceding multilateral treaties; a shift towards a more prohibitive outlook that within international relations terms can be regarded as a change of regime rather than the straightforward codification of earlier instruments. In this respect, the article highlights the abolition of drug use that for centuries had been embedded in the social, cultural and religious traditions of many non-Western states. Further, although often-overlooked, the Convention has failed in its aim of being the 'single' instrument within international drug control. The supplementing treaties developed in later years and under different socio-economic and political circumstances have resulted in significant inconsistencies within the control regime. Having established that a shift in normative focus has taken place in the past, the article concludes that it is timely for the international community to revisit the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs with a view to correcting past errors and inconsistencies within the regime, particularly those relating to Scheduling and traditional drug use. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

MHD memes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dewar, R. L.; Mills, R.; Hole, M. J.

2009-05-01

The celebration of Allan Kaufman's 80th birthday was an occasion to reflect on a career that has stimulated the mutual exchange of ideas (or memes in the terminology of Richard Dawkins) between many researchers. This paper will revisit a meme Allan encountered in his early career in magnetohydrodynamics, the continuation of a magnetohydrodynamic mode through a singularity, and will also mention other problems where Allan's work has had a powerful cross-fertilizing effect in plasma physics and other areas of physics and mathematics. To resolve the continuation problem we regularize the Newcomb equation, solve it in terms of Legendre functions of imaginary argument, and define the small weak solutions of the Newcomb equation as generalized functions in the manner of Lighthill, i.e. via a limiting sequence of analytic functions that connect smoothly across the singularity.

Parameter Estimation in Epidemiology: from Simple to Complex Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aguiar, Maíra; Ballesteros, Sebastién; Boto, João Pedro; Kooi, Bob W.; Mateus, Luís; Stollenwerk, Nico

2011-09-01

We revisit the parameter estimation framework for population biological dynamical systems, and apply it to calibrate various models in epidemiology with empirical time series, namely influenza and dengue fever. When it comes to more complex models like multi-strain dynamics to describe the virus-host interaction in dengue fever, even most recently developed parameter estimation techniques, like maximum likelihood iterated filtering, come to their computational limits. However, the first results of parameter estimation with data on dengue fever from Thailand indicate a subtle interplay between stochasticity and deterministic skeleton. The deterministic system on its own already displays complex dynamics up to deterministic chaos and coexistence of multiple attractors.

Rheological techniques for determining degradation of polylactic acid in bioresorbable medical polymer systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choong, Gabriel Y. H.; Parsons, Andrew J.; Grant, David M.; De Focatiis, Davide S. A.

2015-05-01

A method developed in the 1980s for the conversion of linear rheological data to molar mass distribution is revisited in the context of degradable polymers. The method is first applied using linear rheology for a linear polystyrene, for which all conversion parameters are known. A proof of principle is then carried out on four polycarbonate grades. Finally, preliminary results are shown on degradable polylactides. The application of this method to degrading polymer systems, and to systems containing nanofillers, is also discussed. This work forms part of a wider study of bioresorbable nanocomposites using polylactides, novel hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and tailored dispersants for medical applications.

Coherently coupling distinct spin ensembles through a high-Tc superconducting resonator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghirri, A.; Bonizzoni, C.; Troiani, F.; Buccheri, N.; Beverina, L.; Cassinese, A.; Affronte, M.

2016-06-01

The problem of coupling multiple spin ensembles through cavity photons is revisited by using (3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl)bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (PyBTM) organic radicals and a high-Tc superconducting coplanar resonator. An exceptionally strong coupling is obtained and up to three spin ensembles are simultaneously coupled. The ensembles are made physically distinguishable by chemically varying the g factor and by exploiting the inhomogeneities of the applied magnetic field. The coherent mixing of the spin and field modes is demonstrated by the observed multiple anticrossing, along with the simulations performed within the input-output formalism, and quantified by suitable entropic measures.

Correlation functions of warped CFT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Wei; Xu, Jianfei

2018-04-01

Warped conformal field theory (WCFT) is a two dimensional quantum field theory whose local symmetry algebra consists of a Virasoro algebra and a U(1) Kac-Moody algebra. In this paper, we study correlation functions for primary operators in WCFT. Similar to conformal symmetry, warped conformal symmetry is very constraining. The form of the two and three point functions are determined by the global warped conformal symmetry while the four point functions can be determined up to an arbitrary function of the cross ratio. The warped conformal bootstrap equation are constructed by formulating the notion of crossing symmetry. In the large central charge limit, four point functions can be decomposed into global warped conformal blocks, which can be solved exactly. Furthermore, we revisit the scattering problem in warped AdS spacetime (WAdS), and give a prescription on how to match the bulk result to a WCFT retarded Green's function. Our result is consistent with the conjectured holographic dualities between WCFT and WAdS.

Revisiting the block method for evaluating thermal conductivities of clay and granite

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Determination of thermal conductivities of porous media using the contact method is revisited and revalidated with consideration of thermal contact resistance. Problems that limit the accuracy of determination of thermal conductivities of porous media are discussed. Thermal conductivities of granite...

Phenomenology of n - n ¯ oscillations revisited

DOE PAGES

Gardner, S.; Jafari, E.

2015-05-22

We revisit the phenomenology of n-n¯ oscillations in the presence of external magnetic fields, highlighting the role of spin. We show, contrary to long-held belief, that the n-n¯ transition rate need not be suppressed, opening new opportunities for its empirical study.

Magnetic Braking Revisited: Activities for the Undergraduate Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ireson, Gren; Twidle, John

2008-01-01

This paper revisits the demonstration of Lenz by dropping magnets down a non-magnetic tube. Recent publications are reviewed and ideas for undergraduate laboratory investigations are suggested. Finally, an example of matching theory to observation is presented. (Contains 4 tables, 5 figures and 3 footnotes.)

Phenomenology of n - n ¯ oscillations revisited

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gardner, S.; Jafari, E.

We revisit the phenomenology of n-n¯ oscillations in the presence of external magnetic fields, highlighting the role of spin. We show, contrary to long-held belief, that the n-n¯ transition rate need not be suppressed, opening new opportunities for its empirical study.

A new mathematical approach for shock-wave solution in a dusty plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, G.C.; Dwivedi, C.B.; Talukdar, M.

1997-12-01

The problem of nonlinear Burger equation in a plasma contaminated with heavy dust grains has been revisited. As discussed earlier [C. B. Dwivedi and B. P. Pandey, Phys. Plasmas {bold 2}, 9 (1995)], the Burger equation originates due to dust charge fluctuation dynamics. A new alternate mathematical approach based on a simple traveling wave formalism has been applied to find out the solution of the derived Burger equation, and the method recovers the known shock-wave solution. This technique, although having its own limitation, predicts successfully the salient features of the weak shock-wave structure in a dusty plasma with dust chargemore » fluctuation dynamics. It is emphasized that this approach of the traveling wave formalism is being applied for the first time to solve the nonlinear wave equation in plasmas. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}« less

The Application of NASA Technology to Public Health

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rickman, Douglas L.; Watts, C.

2007-01-01

NASA scientists have a history of applying technologies created to handle satellite data to human health at various spatial scales. Scientists are now engaged in multiple public health application projects that integrate NASA satellite data with measures of public health. Such integration requires overcoming disparities between the environmental and the health data. Ground based sensors, satellite imagery, model outputs and other environmental sources have inconsistent spatial and temporal distributions. The MSFC team has recognized the approach used by environmental scientists to fill in the empty places can also be applied to outcomes, exposures and similar data. A revisit to the classic epidemiology study of 1854 using modern day surface modeling and GIS technology, demonstrates how spatial technology can enhance and change the future of environmental epidemiology. Thus, NASA brings to public health, not just a set of data, but an innovative way of thinking about the data.

The Association Between Limited English Proficiency and Unplanned Emergency Department Revisit Within 72 Hours.

PubMed

Ngai, Ka Ming; Grudzen, Corita R; Lee, Roy; Tong, Vicky Y; Richardson, Lynne D; Fernandez, Alicia

2016-08-01

Language barriers are known to negatively affect many health outcomes among limited English proficiency patient populations, but little is known about the quality of care such patients receive in the emergency department (ED). This study seeks to determine whether limited English proficiency patients experience different quality of care than English-speaking patients in the ED, using unplanned revisit within 72 hours as a surrogate quality indicator. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in an urban adult ED in 2012, with a total of 41,772 patients and 56,821 ED visits. We compared 2,943 limited English proficiency patients with 38,829 English-speaking patients presenting to the ED after excluding patients with psychiatric complaints, altered mental status, and nonverbal states, and those with more than 4 ED visits in 12 months. Two main outcomes-the risk of inpatient admission from the ED and risk of unplanned ED revisit within 72 hours-were measured with odds ratios from generalized estimating equation multivariate models. Limited English proficiency patients were more likely than English speakers to be admitted (32.0% versus 27.2%; odds ratio [OR]=1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 1.30). This association became nonsignificant after adjustments (OR=1.04; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.15). Included in the analysis of ED revisit within 72 hours were 32,857 patients with 45,546 ED visits; 4.2% of all patients (n=1,380) had at least 1 unplanned revisit. Limited English proficiency patients were more likely than English speakers to have an unplanned revisit (5.0% versus 4.1%; OR=1.19; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45). This association persisted (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.53) after adjustment for potential confounders, including insurance status. We found no difference in hospital admission rates between limited English proficiency patients and English-speaking patients. Yet limited English proficiency patients were 24% more likely to have an unplanned ED revisit within 72 hours, with an absolute difference of 0.9%, suggesting challenges in ED quality of care. Copyright © 2016 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

New insight in expression, transport, and secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Implications in brain-related diseases

PubMed Central

Adachi, Naoki; Numakawa, Tadahiro; Richards, Misty; Nakajima, Shingo; Kunugi, Hiroshi

2014-01-01

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) attracts increasing attention from both research and clinical fields because of its important functions in the central nervous system. An adequate amount of BDNF is critical to develop and maintain normal neuronal circuits in the brain. Given that loss of BDNF function has been reported in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases, understanding basic properties of BDNF and associated intracellular processes is imperative. In this review, we revisit the gene structure, transcription, translation, transport and secretion mechanisms of BDNF. We also introduce implications of BDNF in several brain-related diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, depression and schizophrenia. PMID:25426265

Revisiting the Role of Organizational Effectiveness in Educational Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lotto, Linda S.

Organizational effectiveness ought to play a role in educational evaluation, and the development of alternative perspectives for viewing organizations could be a starting point for revisiting organizational evaluation in education. Five possible perspectives and criteria for evaluating organizations have been developed. If an organization is…

Colloquial Hebrew Imperatives Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolozky, Shmuel

2009-01-01

In revisiting Bolozky's [Bolozky, Shmuel, 1979. "On the new imperative in colloquial Hebrew." "Hebrew Annual Review" 3, 17-24] and Bat-El's [Bat-El, Outi, 2002. "True truncation in colloquial Hebrew imperatives." "Language" 78(4), 651-683] analyses of colloquial Hebrew imperatives, the article argues for restricting Imperative Truncation to the…

Transformation of Learning in Education and Training: Key Qualifications Revisited. CEDEFOP Reference Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kamarainen, Pekka, Ed.; Attwell, Graham, Ed.; Brown, Alan, Ed.

This book contains 15 papers examining European approaches to the theme of key qualifications. The following papers are included: "Key Qualifications Revisited: An Introduction" (Pekka Kamarainen); "Exploring Key Qualifications: Context, Theory, and Practice in Europe" (Pekka Kamarainen); "Rethinking Key Qualifications:…

The Importance of Being a Complement: CED Effects Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jurka, Johannes

2010-01-01

This dissertation revisits subject island effects (Ross 1967, Chomsky 1973) cross-linguistically. Controlled acceptability judgment studies in German, English, Japanese and Serbian show that extraction out of specifiers is consistently degraded compared to extraction out of complements, indicating that the Condition on Extraction domains (CED,…

Revisiting separation properties of convex fuzzy sets

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Separation of convex sets by hyperplanes has been extensively studied on crisp sets. In a seminal paper separability and convexity are investigated, however there is a flaw on the definition of degree of separation. We revisited separation on convex fuzzy sets that have level-wise (crisp) disjointne...

Moral Judgment Development across Cultures: Revisiting Kohlberg's Universality Claims

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbs, John C.; Basinger, Karen S.; Grime, Rebecca L.; Snarey, John R.

2007-01-01

This article revisits Kohlberg's cognitive developmental claims that stages of moral judgment, facilitative processes of social perspective-taking, and moral values are commonly identifiable across cultures. Snarey [Snarey, J. (1985). "The cross-cultural universality of social-moral development: A critical review of Kohlbergian research."…

MnNiO 3 revisited with modern theoretical and experimental methods

DOE PAGES

Dzubak, Allison L.; Mitra, Chandrima; Chance, Michael; ...

2017-11-03

MnNiO 3 is a strongly correlated transition metal oxide that has recently been investigated theoretically for its potential application as an oxygen-evolution photocatalyst. However, there is no experimental report on critical quantities such as the band gap or bulk modulus. Recent theoretical predictions with standard functionals such as LDA+U and HSE show large discrepancies in the band gaps (about 1.23 eV), depending on the nature of the functional used. Hence there is clearly a need for an accurate quantitative prediction of the band gap to gauge its utility as a photocatalyst. In this work, we present a diffusion quantum Montemore » Carlo study of the bulk properties of MnNiO 3 and revisit the synthesis and experimental properties of the compound. We predict quasiparticle band gaps of 2.0(5) eV and 3.8(6) eV for the majority and minority spin channels, respectively, and an equilibrium volume of 92.8 Å 3, which compares well to the experimental value of 94.4 Å 3. A bulk modulus of 217 GPa is predicted for MnNiO 3. As a result, we rationalize the difficulty for the formation of ordered ilmenite-type structure with specific sites for Ni and Mn to be potentially due to the formation of antisite defects that form during synthesis, which ultimately affects the physical properties of MnNiO 3.« less

MnNiO 3 revisited with modern theoretical and experimental methods

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dzubak, Allison L.; Mitra, Chandrima; Chance, Michael

MnNiO 3 is a strongly correlated transition metal oxide that has recently been investigated theoretically for its potential application as an oxygen-evolution photocatalyst. However, there is no experimental report on critical quantities such as the band gap or bulk modulus. Recent theoretical predictions with standard functionals such as LDA+U and HSE show large discrepancies in the band gaps (about 1.23 eV), depending on the nature of the functional used. Hence there is clearly a need for an accurate quantitative prediction of the band gap to gauge its utility as a photocatalyst. In this work, we present a diffusion quantum Montemore » Carlo study of the bulk properties of MnNiO 3 and revisit the synthesis and experimental properties of the compound. We predict quasiparticle band gaps of 2.0(5) eV and 3.8(6) eV for the majority and minority spin channels, respectively, and an equilibrium volume of 92.8 Å 3, which compares well to the experimental value of 94.4 Å 3. A bulk modulus of 217 GPa is predicted for MnNiO 3. As a result, we rationalize the difficulty for the formation of ordered ilmenite-type structure with specific sites for Ni and Mn to be potentially due to the formation of antisite defects that form during synthesis, which ultimately affects the physical properties of MnNiO 3.« less

Revisiting life strategy concepts in environmental microbial ecology.

PubMed

Ho, Adrian; Di Lonardo, D Paolo; Bodelier, Paul L E

2017-03-01

Microorganisms are physiologically diverse, possessing disparate genomic features and mechanisms for adaptation (functional traits), which reflect on their associated life strategies and determine at least to some extent their prevalence and distribution in the environment. Unlike animals and plants, there is an unprecedented diversity and intractable metabolic versatility among bacteria, making classification or grouping these microorganisms based on their functional traits as has been done in animal and plant ecology challenging. Nevertheless, based on representative pure cultures, microbial traits distinguishing different life strategies had been proposed, and had been the focus of previous reviews. In the environment, however, the vast majority of naturally occurring microorganisms have yet to be isolated, restricting the association of life strategies to broad phylogenetic groups and/or physiological characteristics. Here, we reviewed the literature to determine how microbial life strategy concepts (i.e. copio- and oligotrophic strategists, and competitor-stress tolerator-ruderals framework) are applied in complex microbial communities. Because of the scarcity of direct empirical evidence elucidating the associated life strategies in complex communities, we rely heavily on observational studies determining the response of microorganisms to (a)biotic cues (e.g. resource availability) to infer microbial life strategies. Although our focus is on the life strategies of bacteria, parallels were drawn from the fungal community. Our literature search showed inconsistency in the community response of proposed copiotrophic- and oligotrophic-associated microorganisms (phyla level) to changing environmental conditions. This suggests that tracking microorganisms at finer phylogenetic and taxonomic resolution (e.g. family level or lower) may be more effective to capture changes in community response and/or that edaphic factors exert a stronger effect in community response. We discuss the limitations and provide recommendations for future research applying microbial life strategies in environmental studies. © FEMS 2017. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Facilitating Grade Acceleration: Revisiting the Wisdom of John Feldhusen

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Culross, Rita R.; Jolly, Jennifer L.; Winkler, Daniel

2013-01-01

This article revisits the 1986 Feldhusen, Proctor, and Black recommendations on grade skipping. These recommendations originally appeared as 12 guidelines. In this article, the guidelines are grouped into three general categories: how to screen accelerant candidates, how to engage with the adults in the acceleration process (e.g., teachers,…

Revisiting Individual Creativity Assessment: Triangulation in Subjective and Objective Assessment Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Namgyoo K.; Chun, Monica Youngshin; Lee, Jinju

2016-01-01

Compared to the significant development of creativity studies, individual creativity research has not reached a meaningful consensus regarding the most valid and reliable method for assessing individual creativity. This study revisited 2 of the most popular methods for assessing individual creativity: subjective and objective methods. This study…

Children's Social Play Sequence: Parten's Classic Theory Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xu, Yaoying

2010-01-01

The purpose of this article is to revisit Parten's study on social play from cultural, environmental, social and economic aspects. Young children's social play is viewed as a critical means to foster and enhance language, cognitive, social and emotional development. Social play theory has been predominately viewed from developmental perspectives.…

Threshold Concepts and Student Engagement: Revisiting Pedagogical Content Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zepke, Nick

2013-01-01

This article revisits the notion that to facilitate quality learning requires teachers in higher education to have pedagogical content knowledge. It constructs pedagogical content knowledge as a teaching and learning space that brings content and pedagogy together. On the content knowledge side, it suggests that threshold concepts, akin to a…

DNA as Genetic Material: Revisiting Classic Experiments through a Simple, Practical Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malago, Wilson, Jr.; Soares-Costa, Andrea; Henrique-Silva, Flavio

2009-01-01

In 1928, Frederick Griffith demonstrated a transmission process of genetic information by transforming "Pneumococcus". In 1944, Avery et al. demonstrated that Griffith's transforming principle was DNA. We revisited these classic experiments in a practical class for undergraduate students. Both experiments were reproduced in simple, adapted forms.…

Atmospheric Entry Heating of Micrometeorites Revisited: Higher Temperatures and Potential Biases

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Love, S.; Alexander, C. M. OD.

2001-01-01

The atmospheric entry heating model of Love and Brownlee appears to have overestimated evaporation rates by as much as two orders of magnitude. Here we revisit the issue of atmospheric entry heating, using a revised prescription for evaporation rates. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

The Rotating Morse-Pekeris Oscillator Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zuniga, Jose; Bastida, Adolfo; Requena, Alberto

2008-01-01

The Morse-Pekeris oscillator model for the calculation of the vibration-rotation energy levels of diatomic molecules is revisited. This model is based on the realization of a second-order exponential expansion of the centrifugal term about the minimum of the vibrational Morse oscillator and the subsequent analytical resolution of the resulting…

Revisiting Constructivist Teaching Methods in Ontario Colleges Preparing for Accreditation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schultz, Rachel A.

2015-01-01

At the time of writing, the first community colleges in Ontario were preparing for transition to an accreditation model from an audit system. This paper revisits constructivist literature, arguing that a more pragmatic definition of constructivism effectively blends positivist and interactionist philosophies to achieve both student centred…

The Linguistic Repertoire Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Busch, Brigitta

2012-01-01

This article argues for the relevance of poststructuralist approaches to the notion of a linguistic repertoire and introduces the notion of language portraits as a basis for empirical study of the way in which speakers conceive and represent their heteroglossic repertoires. The first part of the article revisits Gumperz's notion of a linguistic…

Revisiting Professional Teacher Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Amanda

2016-01-01

The Australian Society for Music Education's (ASME) involvement in the development of professional standards for music educators was a significant and active research time in the history of the Society. As ASME celebrates its golden jubilee, it is appropriate to revisit that history and consider the future prospects of subject-specific standards.…

Framing the Future: Revisiting the Place of Educational Expectations in Status Attainment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bozick, Robert; Alexander, Karl; Entwisle, Doris; Dauber, Susan; Kerr, Kerri

2010-01-01

This study revisits the Wisconsin model of status attainment from a life course developmental perspective. Fixed-effects regression analyses lend strong support to the Wisconsin framework's core proposition that academic performance and significant others' influence shape educational expectations. However, investigating the process of expectation…

Revisiting the Rhetorical Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rutten, Kris; Soetaert, Ronald

2012-01-01

The aim of the special strand on "Revisiting the rhetorical curriculum" is to explore the educational potential of a new rhetorical perspective, specifically in relation to different traditions within educational and rhetorical studies. This implies that we do not only look at education "in" rhetoric, but that we position education also "as" a…

The Best and the Rest: Revisiting the Norm of Normality of Individual Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Boyle, Ernest, Jr.; Aguinis, Herman

2012-01-01

We revisit a long-held assumption in human resource management, organizational behavior, and industrial and organizational psychology that individual performance follows a Gaussian (normal) distribution. We conducted 5 studies involving 198 samples including 633,263 researchers, entertainers, politicians, and amateur and professional athletes.…

Commentary on "Distributed Revisiting: An Analytic for Retention of Coherent Science Learning"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hewitt, Jim

2015-01-01

The article, "Distributed Revisiting: An Analytic for Retention of Coherent Science Learning" is an interesting study that operates at the intersection of learning theory and learning analytics. The authors observe that the relationship between learning theory and research in the learning analytics field is constrained by several…

Vacuum polarization and classical self-action near higher-dimensional defects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grats, Yuri V.; Spirin, Pavel

2017-02-01

We analyze the gravity-induced effects associated with a massless scalar field in a higher-dimensional spacetime being the tensor product of (d-n)-dimensional Minkowski space and n-dimensional spherically/cylindrically symmetric space with a solid/planar angle deficit. These spacetimes are considered as simple models for a multidimensional global monopole (if n≥slant 3) or cosmic string (if n=2) with (d-n-1) flat extra dimensions. Thus, we refer to them as conical backgrounds. In terms of the angular-deficit value, we derive the perturbative expression for the scalar Green function, valid for any d≥slant 3 and 2≤slant n≤slant d-1, and compute it to the leading order. With the use of this Green function we compute the renormalized vacuum expectation value of the field square {< φ {2}(x)rangle }_{ren} and the renormalized vacuum averaged of the scalar-field energy-momentum tensor {< T_{M N}(x)rangle }_{ren} for arbitrary d and n from the interval mentioned above and arbitrary coupling constant to the curvature ξ . In particular, we revisit the computation of the vacuum polarization effects for a non-minimally coupled massless scalar field in the spacetime of a straight cosmic string. The same Green function enables to consider the old purely classical problem of the gravity-induced self-action of a classical point-like scalar or electric charge, placed at rest at some fixed point of the space under consideration. To deal with divergences, which appear in consideration of the two problems, we apply the dimensional-regularization technique, widely used in quantum field theory. The explicit dependence of the results upon the dimensionalities of both the bulk and conical submanifold is discussed.

Revisiting the structure/function relationships of H/ACA(-like) RNAs: a unified model for Euryarchaea and Crenarchaea

PubMed Central

Toffano-Nioche, Claire; Gautheret, Daniel; Leclerc, Fabrice

2015-01-01

A structural and functional classification of H/ACA and H/ACA-like motifs is obtained from the analysis of the H/ACA guide RNAs which have been identified previously in the genomes of Euryarchaea (Pyrococcus) and Crenarchaea (Pyrobaculum). A unified structure/function model is proposed based on the common structural determinants shared by H/ACA and H/ACA-like motifs in both Euryarchaea and Crenarchaea. Using a computational approach, structural and energetic rules for the guide:target RNA-RNA interactions are derived from structural and functional data on the H/ACA RNP particles. H/ACA(-like) motifs found in Pyrococcus are evaluated through the classification and their biological relevance is discussed. Extra-ribosomal targets found in both Pyrococcus and Pyrobaculum might support the hypothesis of a gene regulation mediated by H/ACA(-like) guide RNAs in archaea. PMID:26240384

Revisiting the role of phospholipases C in virulence and the lifecycle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

PubMed Central

Le Chevalier, Fabien; Cascioferro, Alessandro; Frigui, Wafa; Pawlik, Alexandre; Boritsch, Eva C.; Bottai, Daria; Majlessi, Laleh; Herrmann, Jean Louis; Brosch, Roland

2015-01-01

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of human tuberculosis has developed different virulence mechanisms and virulence-associated tools during its evolution to survive and multiply inside the host. Based on previous reports and by analogy with other bacteria, phospholipases C (PLC) of M. tuberculosis were thought to be among these tools. To get deeper insights into the function of PLCs, we investigated their putative involvement in the intracellular lifestyle of M. tuberculosis, with emphasis on phagosomal rupture and virulence, thereby re-visiting a research theme of longstanding interest. Through the construction and use of an M. tuberculosis H37Rv PLC-null mutant (ΔPLC) and control strains, we found that PLCs of M. tuberculosis were not required for induction of phagosomal rupture and only showed marginal, if any, impact on virulence of M. tuberculosis in the cellular and mouse infection models used in this study. In contrast, we found that PLC-encoding genes were strongly upregulated under phosphate starvation and that PLC-proficient M. tuberculosis strains survived better than ΔPLC mutants under conditions where phosphatidylcholine served as sole phosphate source, opening new perspectives for studies on the role of PLCs in the lifecycle of M. tuberculosis. PMID:26603639

Clique-Based Neural Associative Memories with Local Coding and Precoding.

PubMed

Mofrad, Asieh Abolpour; Parker, Matthew G; Ferdosi, Zahra; Tadayon, Mohammad H

2016-08-01

Techniques from coding theory are able to improve the efficiency of neuroinspired and neural associative memories by forcing some construction and constraints on the network. In this letter, the approach is to embed coding techniques into neural associative memory in order to increase their performance in the presence of partial erasures. The motivation comes from recent work by Gripon, Berrou, and coauthors, which revisited Willshaw networks and presented a neural network with interacting neurons that partitioned into clusters. The model introduced stores patterns as small-size cliques that can be retrieved in spite of partial error. We focus on improving the success of retrieval by applying two techniques: doing a local coding in each cluster and then applying a precoding step. We use a slightly different decoding scheme, which is appropriate for partial erasures and converges faster. Although the ideas of local coding and precoding are not new, the way we apply them is different. Simulations show an increase in the pattern retrieval capacity for both techniques. Moreover, we use self-dual additive codes over field [Formula: see text], which have very interesting properties and a simple-graph representation.

The Future of Engineering Education--Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wankat, Phillip C.; Bullard, Lisa G.

2016-01-01

This paper revisits the landmark CEE series, "The Future of Engineering Education," published in 2000 (available free in the CEE archives on the internet) to examine the predictions made in the original paper as well as the tools and approaches documented. Most of the advice offered in the original series remains current. Despite new…

Commentary: Revisiting "Guidelines for Using Technology to Prepare Social Studies Teachers"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartshorne, Richard; Waring, Scott M.

2015-01-01

In Hicks, Lee, Berson, Bolick, and Diem (2014), the authors revisited and revised a series of principles focusing on the preparation of social studies teachers for using digital technologies in the classroom, originally presented in the inaugural issue of "Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education" (Mason et al., 2000).…

My First CMC Article Revisited: A Window on Spanish L2 Interlanguage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blake, Robert

2016-01-01

The computer-assisted language learning (CALL) field seems to change overnight with new technological affordances. Blake revisits his 2000 "LLT" article on computer-mediation communication (CMC) in order to reflect on how the field has examined this topic over the past decade or so. While the Interaction Hypothesis continues to guide…

Rigor Revisited: Scaffolding College Student Learning by Incorporating Their Lived Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castillo-Montoya, Milagros

2018-01-01

This chapter explores how students' lived experiences contribute to the rigor of their thinking. Insights from research indicate faculty can enhance rigor by accounting for the many ways it may surface in the classroom. However, to see this type of rigor, we must revisit the way we conceptualize it for higher education.

Revisiting Learning in Higher Education--Framing Notions Redefined through an Ecological Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Damsa, Crina; Jornet, Alfredo

2016-01-01

This article employs an ecological perspective as a means of revisiting the notion of learning, with a particular focus on learning in higher education. Learning is reconceptualised as a process entailing mutually constitutive, epistemic, social and affective relations in which knowledge, identity and agency become collective achievements of whole…

Revisiting High School Conversions: What is Sustained After the Funding Goes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallach, Catherine A.

2009-01-01

School reformers hope that converting comprehensive high schools into collections of small schools will produce results similar to those realized in freestanding small schools. This comparative case study revisits two "conversions" as they complete the grant funding that supported the reform, in order to explore the extent to which…

Language Transmission Revisited: Family Type, Linguistic Environment and Language Attitudes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schupbach, Doris

2009-01-01

This article revisits factors in intergenerational language maintenance and shift within the family. It does so through an in-depth analysis of what 14 migrants to Australia from German-speaking Switzerland reported in written life stories and subsequent life story interviews. The participants represent four family types and a wide age range, and…

The Concept of Experience by John Dewey Revisited: Conceiving, Feeling and "Enliving"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hohr, Hansjorg

2013-01-01

"The concept of experience by John Dewey revisited: conceiving, feeling and 'enliving'." Dewey takes a few steps towards a differentiation of the concept of experience, such as the distinction between primary and secondary experience, or between ordinary (partial, raw, primitive) experience and complete, aesthetic experience. However, he does not…

Mentoring, Advocacy, and Leadership: Revisiting First-Year Student Advocate Award Recipients

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Michelle M.; Anttonen, Ralph G.

2007-01-01

This study revisited research on award-winning campus leaders who were effective change agents working on the behalf of first-year students (Anttonen & Chaskes, 2002). Participants were recipients of the "Outstanding First-Year Student Advocate Award" given annually by the National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in…

Teacher Communication Concerns Revisited: Calling into Question the Gnawing Pull towards Equilibrium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dannels, Deanna P.

2015-01-01

This study revisits the long-standing teacher communication concerns framework originating over three decades ago. Analysis of 10 years of contemporary GTA teacher communication concerns reveals a typology of 10 concerns, which taken together construct teaching as a process of negotiating relationships, managing identities, and focusing attention.…

Revisiting "Grutter" and "Gratz" in the Wake of "Fisher": Looking Back to Move Forward

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ledesma, Maria C.

2013-01-01

This article revisits the University of Michigan's 2003 affirmative action cases, "Grutter v. Bollinger" and "Gratz v. Bollinger." Through the aid of critical textual analysis and critical race theory, the author looks back at the predominant narratives that framed the challenge to, and defense of, race-conscious affirmative…

Revisiting the Age-Old Question: Does Money Matter in Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Bruce D.

2012-01-01

This policy brief revisits the long and storied literature on whether money matters in providing a quality education. Increasingly, political rhetoric adheres to the unfounded certainty that money doesn't make a difference in education, and that reduced funding is unlikely to harm educational quality. Such proclamations have even been used to…

Revisiting Jack Goody to Rethink Determinisms in Literacy Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collin, Ross

2013-01-01

This article revisits Goody's arguments about literacy's influence on social arrangements, culture, cognition, economics, and other domains of existence. Whereas some of his arguments tend toward technological determinism (i.e., literacy causes change in the world), other of his arguments construe literacy as a force that shapes and is shaped by…

Revisiting Feminist Identity Development Theory, Research, and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moradi, Bonnie; Subich, Linda Mezydlo; Phillips, Julia C.

2002-01-01

The model of feminist identity development proposed by Downing and Roush in 1985 is revisited as a potentially useful framework in counseling psychology theory, research, and practice. An examination of the historical context from which the model arose illustrates how it advanced theory in the psychology of women. A critical review of the extant…

The Peter Effect Revisited: Reading Habits and Attitudes of College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Applegate, Anthony J.; Applegate, Mary DeKonty; Mercantini, Martha A.; McGeehan, Catherine M.; Cobb, Jeanne B.; DeBoy, Joanne R.; Modla, Virginia B.; Lewinski, Kimberly E.

2014-01-01

Certainly a primary goal of literacy education is the creation of avid, enthusiastic, and highly motivated readers. However, in this article revisiting the Peter Effect (Applegate & Applegate, 2004), researchers surveyed more than 1,000 college sophomores and found strikingly low levels of enthusiasm for reading. Only 46.6% of surveyed…

A Hydrostatic Paradox Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ganci, Salvatore

2012-01-01

This paper revisits a well-known hydrostatic paradox, observed when turning upside down a glass partially filled with water and covered with a sheet of light material. The phenomenon is studied in its most general form by including the mass of the cover. A historical survey of this experiment shows that a common misunderstanding of the phenomenon…

Revisiting Individualism and Collectivism: A Multinational Examination of Pre-Service Teachers' Perceptions on Student Academic Performances

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Heng

2016-01-01

This study explores how pre-service teachers in Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the United States perceive educational diversity in relation to students' academic achievement by means of qualitative content analysis. It takes cultural psychological perspectives to revisit the attribute reasoning embedded in individualist and collectivist…

Sunday School Revisited: An Alternative to Christian Education of the Church Today?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Song, Nam Soon

2013-01-01

This article attempts to demonstrate similarities between the socioeconomic, cultural, and religious contexts of 18th-century England and 21st-century Canada. Revisiting the Sunday School movement in 18th-century England provides insights for the development of renewed Sunday School models in the current Canadian context of transnational…

Revisiting the Trust Effect in Urban Elementary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Curt M.; Forsyth, Patrick B.

2013-01-01

More than a decade after Goddard, Tschannen-Moran, and Hoy (2001) found that collective faculty trust in clients predicts student achievement in urban elementary schools, we sought to identify a plausible link for this relationship. Our purpose in revisiting the trust effect was twofold: (1) to test the main effect of collective faculty trust on…

Critical period revisited: impact on vision.

PubMed

Morishita, Hirofumi; Hensch, Takao K

2008-02-01

Neural circuits are shaped by experience in early postnatal life. The permanent loss of visual acuity (amblyopia) and anatomical remodeling within primary visual cortex following monocular deprivation is a classic example of critical period development from mouse to man. Recent work in rodents reveals a residual subthreshold potentiation of open eye response throughout life. Resetting excitatory-inhibitory balance or removing molecular 'brakes' on structural plasticity may unmask the potential for recovery of function in adulthood. Novel pharmacological or environmental interventions now hold great therapeutic promise based on a deeper understanding of critical period mechanisms.

Copulas and time series with long-ranged dependencies.

PubMed

Chicheportiche, Rémy; Chakraborti, Anirban

2014-04-01

We review ideas on temporal dependencies and recurrences in discrete time series from several areas of natural and social sciences. We revisit existing studies and redefine the relevant observables in the language of copulas (joint laws of the ranks). We propose that copulas provide an appropriate mathematical framework to study nonlinear time dependencies and related concepts-like aftershocks, Omori law, recurrences, and waiting times. We also critically argue, using this global approach, that previous phenomenological attempts involving only a long-ranged autocorrelation function lacked complexity in that they were essentially monoscale.

The receptive field is dead. Long live the receptive field?

PubMed Central

Fairhall, Adrienne

2014-01-01

Advances in experimental techniques, including behavioral paradigms using rich stimuli under closed loop conditions and the interfacing of neural systems with external inputs and outputs, reveal complex dynamics in the neural code and require a revisiting of standard concepts of representation. High-throughput recording and imaging methods along with the ability to observe and control neuronal subpopulations allow increasingly detailed access to the neural circuitry that subserves these representations and the computations they support. How do we harness theory to build biologically grounded models of complex neural function? PMID:24618227

Unitary subsector of generalized minimal models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behan, Connor

2018-05-01

We revisit the line of nonunitary theories that interpolate between the Virasoro minimal models. Numerical bootstrap applications have brought about interest in the four-point function involving the scalar primary of lowest dimension. Using recent progress in harmonic analysis on the conformal group, we prove the conjecture that global conformal blocks in this correlator appear with positive coefficients. We also compute many such coefficients in the simplest mixed correlator system. Finally, we comment on the status of using global conformal blocks to isolate the truly unitary points on this line.

Space-Time Error Representation and Estimation in Navier-Stokes Calculations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barth, Timothy J.

2006-01-01

The mathematical framework for a-posteriori error estimation of functionals elucidated by Eriksson et al. [7] and Becker and Rannacher [3] is revisited in a space-time context. Using these theories, a hierarchy of exact and approximate error representation formulas are presented for use in error estimation and mesh adaptivity. Numerical space-time results for simple model problems as well as compressible Navier-Stokes flow at Re = 300 over a 2D circular cylinder are then presented to demonstrate elements of the error representation theory for time-dependent problems.

Single Logon: balancing security and healthcare productivity.

PubMed

Sapp, Margaret J; Behrens, Terrence L

2004-01-01

Mayo Single Logon (MSL) has faced the traditional dilemma that is painful to all IT organizations because it forces the tradeoff between user productivity and security. Recent regulatory initiatives, such as HIPAA, have caused the issue of security to take on more importance, forcing organizations to revisit the balance of security and productivity. MSL is a security application that brokers user credentials and facilitates desktop security. The simple design, functionality and stability have allowed MSL to speed up user productivity, keep satisfaction high and help solve many security initiatives.

DISCOS- Current Status and Future Developments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flohrer, T.; Lemmens, S.; Bastida Virgili, B.; Krag, H.; Klinkrad, H.; Parrilla, E.; Sanchez, N.; Oliveira, J.; Pina, F.

2013-08-01

We present ESA's Database and Information System Characterizing Objects in Space (DISCOS). DISCOS not only plays an essential role in the collision avoidance and re-entry prediction services provided by ESA's Space Debris Office, it is also providing input to numerous and very differently scoped engineering activities, within ESA and throughout industry. We introduce the central functionalities of DISCOS, present the available reporting capabilities, and describe selected data modelling features. Finally, we revisit the developments of the recent years and take a sneak preview of the on-going replacement of DISCOS web front-end.

Proteins as micro viscosimeters: Brownian motion revisited.

PubMed

Lavalette, Daniel; Hink, Mark A; Tourbez, Martine; Tétreau, Catherine; Visser, Antonie J

2006-08-01

Translational and rotational diffusion coefficients of proteins in solution strongly deviate from the Stokes-Einstein laws when the ambient viscosity is induced by macromolecular co-solutes rather than by a solvent of negligible size as was assumed by A. Einstein one century ago for deriving the laws of Brownian motion and diffusion. Rotational and translational motions experience different micro viscosities and both become a function of the size ratio of protein and macromolecular co-solute. Possible consequences upon fluorescence spectroscopy observations of diffusing proteins within living cells are discussed.

Revisiting the 1981 Nobel Prize to Roger Sperry, David Hubel, and Torsten Wiesel on the occasion of the centennial of the Prize to Golgi and Cajal.

PubMed

Berlucchi, Giovanni

2006-12-01

In 1981 the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology was awarded to Roger Sperry for his work on the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres, and to David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel for their work on information processing in the visual system. The present paper points to some important links between the work of Sperry and that of Hubel and Wiesel and to their influences on neuroscience in the best tradition going back to Cajal.

Characterising Complex Enzyme Reaction Data

PubMed Central

Rahman, Syed Asad; Thornton, Janet M.

2016-01-01

The relationship between enzyme-catalysed reactions and the Enzyme Commission (EC) number, the widely accepted classification scheme used to characterise enzyme activity, is complex and with the rapid increase in our knowledge of the reactions catalysed by enzymes needs revisiting. We present a manual and computational analysis to investigate this complexity and found that almost one-third of all known EC numbers are linked to more than one reaction in the secondary reaction databases (e.g., KEGG). Although this complexity is often resolved by defining generic, alternative and partial reactions, we have also found individual EC numbers with more than one reaction catalysing different types of bond changes. This analysis adds a new dimension to our understanding of enzyme function and might be useful for the accurate annotation of the function of enzymes and to study the changes in enzyme function during evolution. PMID:26840640

On the high Mach number shock structure singularity caused by overreach of Maxwellian molecules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Myong, R. S., E-mail: myong@gnu.ac.kr

2014-05-15

The high Mach number shock structure singularity arising in moment equations of the Boltzmann equation was investigated. The source of the singularity is shown to be the unbalanced treatment between two high order kinematic and dissipation terms caused by the overreach of Maxwellian molecule assumption. In compressive gaseous flow, the high order stress-strain coupling term of quadratic nature will grow far faster than the strain term, resulting in an imbalance with the linear dissipation term and eventually a blow-up singularity in high thermal nonequilibrium. On the other hand, the singularity arising from unbalanced treatment does not occur in the casemore » of velocity shear and expansion flows, since the high order effects are cancelled under the constraint of the free-molecular asymptotic behavior. As an alternative method to achieve the balanced treatment, Eu's generalized hydrodynamics, consistent with the second law of thermodynamics, was revisited. After introducing the canonical distribution function in exponential form and applying the cumulant expansion to the explicit calculation of the dissipation term, a natural platform suitable for the balanced treatment was derived. The resulting constitutive equation with the nonlinear factor was then shown to be well-posed for all regimes, effectively removing the high Mach number shock structure singularity.« less

Sources of variation in breeding-ground fidelity of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Doherty, P.F.; Nichols, J.D.; Tautin, J.; Voelzer, J.E.; Smith, G.W.; Benning, D.S.; Bentley, V.R.; Bidwell, J.K.; Bollinger, K.S.; Brazda, A.R.; Buelna, E.K.; Goldsberry, J.R.; King, R.J.; Roetker, F.H.; Solberg, J.W.; Thorpe, P.P.; Wortham, J.S.

2002-01-01

Generalizations used to support hypotheses about the evolution of fidelity to breeding areas in birds include the tendency for fidelity to be greater in adult birds than in yearlings. In ducks, in contrast to most bird species, fidelity is thought to be greater among females than males. Researchers have suggested that fidelity in ducks is positively correlated with pond availability. However, most estimates of fidelity on which these inferences have been based represent functions of survival and recapture-resighting probabilities in addition to fidelity. We applied the modeling approach developed by Burnham to recapture and band recovery data of mallard ducks to test the above hypotheses about fidelity. We found little evidence of sex differences in adult philopatry, with females being slightly more philopatric than males in one study area, but not in a second study area. However, yearling females were more philopatric than yearling males in both study areas. We found that adults were generally more philopatric than yearlings. We could find no relationship between fidelity and pond availability. Our results, while partially supporting current theory concerning sex and age differences in philopatry, suggest that adult male mallards are more philopatric than once thought, and we recommend that other generalizations about philopatry be revisited with proper estimation techniques.

Surface Tension Driven Instability in the Regime of Stokes Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Zhenwei; Bowick, Mark; Xing, Xiangjun

2010-03-01

A cylinder of liquid inside another liquid is unstable towards droplet formation. This instability is driven by minimization of surface tension energy and was analyzed first by [1,2] and then by [3]. We revisit this problem in the limit of small Laplace number, where the inertial of liquids can be completely ignored. The stream function is found to obey biharmonic equation, and its analytic solutions are found. We rederive Tomotika's main results, and also obtain many new analytic results about the velocity fields. We also apply our formalism to study the recent experiment on toroidal liquid droplet[4]. Our framework shall have many applications in micro-fluidics. [1] L.Rayleigh, On The Instability of A Cylinder of Viscous Liquid Under Capillary Force, Scientific Papers, Cambridge, Vol.III, 1902. [2] L.Rayleigh, On The Instability of Cylindrical Fluid Surfaces, Scientific Papers, Cambridge, Vol.III, 1902. [3] S.Tomotika, On the Instability of a Cylindrical Thread of a Viscous Liquid surround by Another Viscous Fluid, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Volume 150, Issue 870, pp. 322-337. [4] E.Pairam and A.Fern'andez-Nieves, Generation and Stability of Toroidal Droplets in a Viscous Liquid, Physical Review Letters 102, 234501 (2009).

Revisiting convergence: A research note.

PubMed

Clark, Rob

2015-09-01

A number of recent studies show that income inequality is declining between countries. In this research note, I question the significance of this trend by examining the role of initial conditions in producing convergence. An important (but neglected) property of inequality dynamics is the tendency for extreme distributions to become more moderate. When income disparities are large, the subsequent trend is biased toward convergence. Conversely, when initial conditions approach parity, divergence becomes the more likely long-term outcome. I apply this principle to trends in GDP PC across 127 countries during the 1980-2010 period. Using counterfactual analysis, I manipulate the initial level of inequality in GDP PC while holding constant each country's observed growth rate during the sample period. I find that the growth dynamics of GDP PC produce either convergence or divergence based simply on the initial distribution of income. The point of transition occurs at a moderate level of inequality, whether using population weights (Gini=.365) or not (Gini=.377). I conclude that the recent convergence observed in GDP PC is primarily a function of large income gaps between countries and would not have materialized at more moderate levels of initial inequality. By contrast, an examination of the pre-1950 period reveals divergent growth patterns that are not sensitive to initial conditions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quantum control and measurement of atomic spins in polarization spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deutsch, Ivan H.; Jessen, Poul S.

2010-03-01

Quantum control and measurement are two sides of the same coin. To affect a dynamical map, well-designed time-dependent control fields must be applied to the system of interest. To read out the quantum state, information about the system must be transferred to a probe field. We study a particular example of this dual action in the context of quantum control and measurement of atomic spins through the light-shift interaction with an off-resonant optical probe. By introducing an irreducible tensor decomposition, we identify the coupling of the Stokes vector of the light field with moments of the atomic spin state. This shows how polarization spectroscopy can be used for continuous weak measurement of atomic observables that evolve as a function of time. Simultaneously, the state-dependent light shift induced by the probe field can drive nonlinear dynamics of the spin, and can be used to generate arbitrary unitary transformations on the atoms. We revisit the derivation of the master equation in order to give a unified description of spin dynamics in the presence of both nonlinear dynamics and photon scattering. Based on this formalism, we review applications to quantum control, including the design of state-to-state mappings, and quantum-state reconstruction via continuous weak measurement on a dynamically controlled ensemble.

The critical period hypothesis in second language acquisition: a statistical critique and a reanalysis.

PubMed

Vanhove, Jan

2013-01-01

In second language acquisition research, the critical period hypothesis (cph) holds that the function between learners' age and their susceptibility to second language input is non-linear. This paper revisits the indistinctness found in the literature with regard to this hypothesis's scope and predictions. Even when its scope is clearly delineated and its predictions are spelt out, however, empirical studies-with few exceptions-use analytical (statistical) tools that are irrelevant with respect to the predictions made. This paper discusses statistical fallacies common in cph research and illustrates an alternative analytical method (piecewise regression) by means of a reanalysis of two datasets from a 2010 paper purporting to have found cross-linguistic evidence in favour of the cph. This reanalysis reveals that the specific age patterns predicted by the cph are not cross-linguistically robust. Applying the principle of parsimony, it is concluded that age patterns in second language acquisition are not governed by a critical period. To conclude, this paper highlights the role of confirmation bias in the scientific enterprise and appeals to second language acquisition researchers to reanalyse their old datasets using the methods discussed in this paper. The data and R commands that were used for the reanalysis are provided as supplementary materials.

Interword and interletter spacing effects during reading revisited: Interactions with word and font characteristics.

PubMed

Slattery, Timothy J; Yates, Mark; Angele, Bernhard

2016-12-01

Despite the large number of eye movement studies conducted over the past 30+ years, relatively few have examined the influence that font characteristics have on reading. However, there has been renewed interest in 1 particular font characteristic, letter spacing, which has both theoretical (visual word recognition) and applied (font design) importance. Recently published results that letter spacing has a bigger impact on the reading performance of dyslexic children have perhaps garnered the most attention (Zorzi et al., 2012). Unfortunately, the effects of increased interletter spacing have been mixed with some authors reporting facilitation and others reporting inhibition (van den Boer & Hakvoort, 2015). The authors present findings from 3 experiments designed to resolve the seemingly inconsistent letter-spacing effects and provide clarity to researchers and font designers and researchers. The results indicate that the direction of spacing effects depend on the size of the default spacing chosen by font developers. Experiment 3 found that interletter spacing interacts with interword spacing, as the required space between words depends on the amount of space used between letters. Interword spacing also interacted with word type as the inhibition seen with smaller interword spacing was evident with nouns and verbs but not with function words. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Revisiting the emissions-energy-trade nexus: evidence from the newly industrializing countries.

PubMed

Ahmed, Khalid; Shahbaz, Muhammad; Kyophilavong, Phouphet

2016-04-01

This paper applies Pedroni's panel cointegration approach to explore the causal relationship between trade openness, carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth for the panel of newly industrialized economies (i.e., Brazil, India, China, and South Africa) over the period of 1970-2013. Our panel cointegration estimation results found majority of the variables cointegrated and confirm the long-run association among the variables. The Granger causality test indicates bidirectional causality between carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption. A unidirectional causality is found running from trade openness to carbon dioxide emission and energy consumption and economic growth to carbon dioxide emissions. The results of causality analysis suggest that the trade liberalization in newly industrialized economies induces higher energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, the causality results are checked using an innovative accounting approach which includes forecast-error variance decomposition test and impulse response function. The long-run coefficients are estimated using fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) method, and results conclude that the trade openness and economic growth reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. The results of FMOLS test sound the existence of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. It means that trade liberalization induces carbon dioxide emission with increased national output, but it offsets that impact in the long run with reduced level of carbon dioxide emissions.

DANCING IN THE DARK: NEW BROWN DWARF BINARIES FROM KERNEL PHASE INTERFEROMETRY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pope, Benjamin; Tuthill, Peter; Martinache, Frantz, E-mail: bjsp@physics.usyd.edu.au, E-mail: p.tuthill@physics.usyd.edu.au, E-mail: frantz@naoj.org

2013-04-20

This paper revisits a sample of ultracool dwarfs in the solar neighborhood previously observed with the Hubble Space Telescope's NICMOS NIC1 instrument. We have applied a novel high angular resolution data analysis technique based on the extraction and fitting of kernel phases to archival data. This was found to deliver a dramatic improvement over earlier analysis methods, permitting a search for companions down to projected separations of {approx}1 AU on NIC1 snapshot images. We reveal five new close binary candidates and present revised astrometry on previously known binaries, all of which were recovered with the technique. The new candidate binariesmore » have sufficiently close separation to determine dynamical masses in a short-term observing campaign. We also present four marginal detections of objects which may be very close binaries or high-contrast companions. Including only confident detections within 19 pc, we report a binary fraction of at least #Greek Lunate Epsilon Symbol#{sub b} = 17.2{sub -3.7}{sup +5.7}%. The results reported here provide new insights into the population of nearby ultracool binaries, while also offering an incisive case study of the benefits conferred by the kernel phase approach in the recovery of companions within a few resolution elements of the point-spread function core.« less

Thermal and electron transport studies on the valence fluctuating compound YbNiAl4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Falkowski, M.; Kowalczyk, A.

2018-05-01

We report the thermoelectric power S and thermal conductivity κ measurements on the valence fluctuating compound YbNiAl4, furthermore taking into account the impact of the applied magnetic field. We discuss our new results with revisiting the magnetic [χ(T)], transport [ρ(T)], and thermodynamic [Cp(T)] properties in order to better understand the phenomenon of thermal and electron transport in this compound. The field dependence of the magnetoresistivity data is also given. The temperature dependence of thermoelectric power S(T) was found to exhibit a similar behaviour as expected for Yb-based compounds with divalent or nearly divalent Yb ions. In addition, the values of total thermal conductivity as a function of temperature κ(T) of YbNiAl4 are fairly low compared to those of pure metals which may be linked to the fact that the conduction band is perturbed by strong hybridization. A deeper analysis of the specific heat revealed the low-T anomaly of the ratio Cp(T)/T3, most likely associated with the localized low-frequency oscillators in this alloy. In addition, the Kadowaki-Woods ratio and the Wilson ratio are discussed with respect to the electronic correlations in YbNiAl4.

An analytic algorithm for global coverage of the revisiting orbit and its application to the CFOSAT satellite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Ming; Huang, Li

2014-08-01

This paper addresses a new analytic algorithm for global coverage of the revisiting orbit and its application to the mission revisiting the Earth within long periods of time, such as Chinese-French Oceanic Satellite (abbr., CFOSAT). In the first, it is presented that the traditional design methodology of the revisiting orbit for some imaging satellites only on the single (ascending or descending) pass, and the repeating orbit is employed to perform the global coverage within short periods of time. However, the selection of the repeating orbit is essentially to yield the suboptimum from the rare measure of rational numbers of passes per day, which will lose lots of available revisiting orbits. Thus, an innovative design scheme is proposed to check both rational and irrational passes per day to acquire the relationship between the coverage percentage and the altitude. To improve the traditional imaging only on the single pass, the proposed algorithm is mapping every pass into its ascending and descending nodes on the specified latitude circle, and then is accumulating the projected width on the circle by the field of view of the satellite. The ergodic geometry of coverage percentage produced from the algorithm is affecting the final scheme, such as the optimal one owning the largest percentage, and the balance one possessing the less gradient in its vicinity, and is guiding to heuristic design for the station-keeping control strategies. The application of CFOSAT validates the feasibility of the algorithm.

Revisit, Subsequent Hospitalization, Recurrent Fall, and Death Within 6 Months After a Fall Among Elderly Emergency Department Patients.

PubMed

Sri-On, Jiraporn; Tirrell, Gregory P; Bean, Jonathan F; Lipsitz, Lewis A; Liu, Shan W

2017-10-01

We seek to describe the risk during 6 months and specific risk factors for recurrent falls, emergency department (ED) revisits, subsequent hospitalizations, and death within 6 months after a fall-related ED presentation. This was a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of elderly fall patients who presented to the ED from one urban teaching hospital. We included patients aged 65 years and older who had an ED fall visit in 2012. We examined the frequency and risk factors of adverse events (composite of recurrent falls, ED revisits, subsequent hospitalization, and death, selected a priori) at 6 months. Our study included 350 older adults. Adverse events steadily increased, from 7.7% at 7 days, 21.4% at 30 days, and 50.3% at 6 months. Within 6 months, 22.6% of patients had at least one recurrent fall, 42.6% revisited the ED, 31.1% had subsequent hospitalizations, and 2.6% died. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, psychological or sedative drug use predicted recurrent falls, ED revisits, subsequent hospitalizations, and adverse events. More than half of fall patients had an adverse event within 6 months of presenting to the ED after a fall. The risk during 6 months of these adverse events increased with psychological or sedative drug use. Larger future studies should confirm this association and investigate methods to minimize recurrent falls through management of such medications. Copyright © 2017 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In preparation of the nationwide dissemination of the school-based obesity prevention program DOiT: stepwise development applying the intervention mapping protocol.

PubMed

van Nassau, Femke; Singh, Amika S; van Mechelen, Willem; Brug, Johannes; Chin A Paw, Mai J M

2014-08-01

The school-based Dutch Obesity Intervention in Teenagers (DOiT) program is an evidence-based obesity prevention program. In preparation for dissemination throughout the Netherlands, this study aimed to adapt the initial program and to develop an implementation strategy and materials. We revisited the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol, using results of the previous process evaluation and additional focus groups and interviews with students, parents, teachers, and professionals. The adapted 2-year DOiT program consists of a classroom, an environmental and a parental component. The year 1 lessons aim to increase awareness and knowledge of healthy behaviors. The lessons in year 2 focus on the influence of the (obesogenic) environment. The stepwise development of the implementation strategy resulted in objectives that support teachers' implementation. We developed a 7-step implementation strategy and supporting materials by translating the objectives into essential elements and practical strategies. This study illustrates how revisiting the IM protocol resulted in an adapted program and tailored implementation strategy based on previous evaluations as well as input from different stakeholders. The stepwise development of DOiT can serve as an example for other evidence-based programs in preparation for wider dissemination. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

The versatile use of revisited de-epithelialization concept in superficial circumflex iliac and anterolateral thigh perforator free flap for head and neck reconstructions.

PubMed

Choi, Jong Woo; Kim, Young Chul; Oh, Tae Suk; Koh, Kyung S; Jeong, Woo Shik

2017-06-01

Although the perforator free flap is now a standard choice for head and neck reconstruction, problems such as microvascular complications, insufficient volume support for the defect, and fistula formation occur. We revisited a de-epithelialized concept for superficial circumflex iliac artery and anterolateral thigh perforator free flap to overcome these problems. We applied the de-epithelized perforator free flaps in 35 cases among 761 microsurgical head and neck reconstructions and investigated flap characteristics (length gain of pedicle, flap size, and volumetric analysis) and outcomes (flap failure, partial flap necrosis, hematoma, infection, and fistula). Satisfactory results were achieved regarding flap survival, volumetric compensation, and fistula formation. Flaps were transferred successfully in all patients, although 1 patient underwent revisional operation due to venous congestion. Transferred flap volume was significantly higher than the resected tumor volume (p < 0.01), which suggests volume augmentation in the destroyed neck envelope and a protective role against adjuvant radiation. Minor dehiscence and bleeding were seen in two cases, and no other complications were identified. The de-epithelialization concept for perforator free flap is helpful to overcome obstacles related to traditional free flaps in terms of flap survival and volumetric augmentation in head and neck reconstructions. Copyright © 2017 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plasma Diffusion in Self-Consistent Fluctuations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smets, R.; Belmont, G.; Aunai, N.

2012-01-01

The problem of particle diffusion in position space, as a consequence ofeleclromagnetic fluctuations is addressed. Numerical results obtained with a self-consistent hybrid code are presented, and a method to calculate diffusion coefficient in the direction perpendicular to the mean magnetic field is proposed. The diffusion is estimated for two different types of fluctuations. The first type (resuiting from an agyrotropic in itiai setting)is stationary, wide band white noise, and associated to Gaussian probability distribution function for the magnetic fluctuations. The second type (result ing from a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability) is non-stationary, with a power-law spectrum, and a non-Gaussian probabi lity distribution function. The results of the study allow revisiting the question of loading particles of solar wind origin in the Earth magnetosphere.

Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding

PubMed Central

Bastos, Andre M.; Usrey, W. Martin; Adams, Rick A.; Mangun, George R.; Fries, Pascal; Friston, Karl J.

2013-01-01

Summary This review considers the influential notion of a canonical (cortical) microcircuit in light of recent theories about neuronal processing. Specifically, we conciliate quantitative studies of microcircuitry and the functional logic of neuronal computations. We revisit the established idea that message passing among hierarchical cortical areas implements a form of Bayesian inference – paying careful attention to the implications for intrinsic connections among neuronal populations. By deriving canonical forms for these computations, one can associate specific neuronal populations with specific computational roles. This analysis discloses a remarkable correspondence between the microcircuitry of the cortical column and the connectivity implied by predictive coding. Furthermore, it provides some intuitive insights into the functional asymmetries between feedforward and feedback connections and the characteristic frequencies over which they operate. PMID:23177956

Polymer-Fourier quantization of the scalar field revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia-Chung, Angel; Vergara, J. David

2016-10-01

The polymer quantization of the Fourier modes of the real scalar field is studied within algebraic scheme. We replace the positive linear functional of the standard Poincaré invariant quantization by a singular one. This singular positive linear functional is constructed as mimicking the singular limit of the complex structure of the Poincaré invariant Fock quantization. The resulting symmetry group of such polymer quantization is the subgroup SDiff(ℝ4) which is a subgroup of Diff(ℝ4) formed by spatial volume preserving diffeomorphisms. In consequence, this yields an entirely different irreducible representation of the canonical commutation relations, nonunitary equivalent to the standard Fock representation. We also compared the Poincaré invariant Fock vacuum with the polymer Fourier vacuum.

Edit distance for marked point processes revisited: An implementation by binary integer programming

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hirata, Yoshito; Aihara, Kazuyuki

2015-12-15

We implement the edit distance for marked point processes [Suzuki et al., Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos 20, 3699–3708 (2010)] as a binary integer program. Compared with the previous implementation using minimum cost perfect matching, the proposed implementation has two advantages: first, by using the proposed implementation, we can apply a wide variety of software and hardware, even spin glasses and coherent ising machines, to calculate the edit distance for marked point processes; second, the proposed implementation runs faster than the previous implementation when the difference between the numbers of events in two time windows for a marked point process ismore » large.« less

The role of public and private transfers in the cost-benefit analysis of mental health programs.

PubMed

Brent, Robert J

2004-11-01

This paper revisits the issue of whether to include maintenance costs in an economic evaluation in mental health. The source of these maintenance costs may be public or private transfers. The issue is discussed in terms of a formal cost-benefit criterion. It is shown that, when transfers have productivity effects, income distribution is important, and one recognizes that public transfers have tax implications, transfers can have real resource effects and cannot be ignored. The criterion is then applied to an evaluation of three case management programs in California that sought to reduce the intensive hospitalization of the severely mentally ill. 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reexamining the iconic dihadron correlation measurement demonstrating jet quenching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nattrass, Christine

2018-03-01

Early measurements at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) demonstrated jet quenching through the suppression of pairs of high momentum hadrons. These dihadron correlations have a large correlated background. As understanding of the background improved, it was recognized in the field that a significant term was omitted from the background and several dihadron correlation results were quantitatively and qualitatively incorrect. The original measurements demonstrating jet quenching have not been revisited. These measurements are repeated in this paper in a kinematic range similar to the original measurement using publicly available data, applying current knowledge about the background. The new results are qualitatively consistent with the previous results, demonstrating complete suppression of the away side within uncertainties.

Magnetic Field Control of Cycloidal Domains and Electric Polarization in Multiferroic BiFeO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bordács, S.; Farkas, D. G.; White, J. S.; Cubitt, R.; DeBeer-Schmitt, L.; Ito, T.; Kézsmárki, I.

2018-04-01

The magnetic field induced rearrangement of the cycloidal spin structure in ferroelectric monodomain single crystals of the room-temperature multiferroic BiFeO3 is studied using small-angle neutron scattering. The cycloid propagation vectors are observed to rotate when magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the rhombohedral (polar) axis exceed a pinning threshold value of ˜5 T . In light of these experimental results, a phenomenological model is proposed that captures the rearrangement of the cycloidal domains, and we revisit the microscopic origin of the magnetoelectric effect. A new coupling between the magnetic anisotropy and the polarization is proposed that explains the recently discovered magnetoelectric polarization perpendicular to the rhombohedral axis.

Dental whitening--revisiting the myths.

PubMed

Perdigão, Jorge

2010-01-01

The popularity of dental bleaching has increased with the introduction of at-home whitening. Currently available whitening methods include those prescribed by a dental professional for use at home, those applied by the professional in the dental office, a combination of the two, or systems available over the counter. This article reviews the effect, efficacy, and safety of bleaching techniques and materials. Most whitening techniques are considered effective and safe when carried out under the supervision of a dental professional. This article also compares the efficacy and safety of some of the most popular bleaching techniques, including at-home whitening with carbamide peroxide, over-the-counter (OTC) systems, and in-office whitening. Some of these whitening techniques are illustrated in this article.

Tourism impacts of Three Mile Island and other adverse events: Implications for Lincoln County and other rural counties bisected by radioactive wastes intended for Yucca Mountain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Himmelberger, Jeffery J.; Baughman, Mike; Ogneva-Himmelberger, Yelena A.

1995-11-01

Whether the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository system will adversely impact tourism in southern Nevada is an open question of particular importance to visitor-oriented rural counties bisected by planned waste transportatin corridors (highway or rail). As part of one such county's repository impact assessment program, tourism implications of Three Mile Island (TMI) and other major hazard events have beem revisited to inform ongoing county-wide socioeconomic assessments and contingency planning efforts. This paper summarizes key research implications of such research as applied to Lincoln County, Nevada. Implications for other rural counties are discussed in light of the research findings.

Revisiting Insider-Outsider Research in Comparative and International Education. Bristol Papers in Education: Comparative and International Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crossley, Michael, Ed.; Arthur, Lore, Ed.; McNess, Elizabeth, Ed.

2016-01-01

This volume recognises how many researchers across the social sciences, and in comparative and international education in particular, see themselves as insiders or outsiders or, more pertinently, shifting combinations of both, in the research process. The book revisits and problematises these concepts in an era where the global mobility of…

Considerations of the Social, Individual, and Embodied: A Response to Comments on "Schema Theory Revisited"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McVee, Mary B.; Gavelek, James R.; Dunsmore, Kailonnie L.

2007-01-01

This article presents the authors' response and clarifications to the comments of Margaret E. Gredler and of Karen A. Krasny, Mark Sadoski, and Allan Paivio on their article "Schema Theory Revisited." The authors first respond to Gredler's criticism contending that they "transmogrified" Harre's (1984) "ignominiously named...Vygotsky space" in…

Reading Researchers in Search of Common Ground: The Expert Study Revisited. 2nd Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flippo, Rona F., Ed.

2011-01-01

In "Reading Researchers in Search of Common Ground, Second Edition", Rona F. Flippo revisits her study, in which she set out to find common ground among experts in the much-fragmented field of reading research. The original edition, featuring contributions from participants in the study, commentary from additional distinguished literacy scholars…

Ambiguity Advantage Revisited: Two Meanings Are Better than One when Accessing Chinese Nouns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Chien-Jer Charles; Ahrens, Kathleen

2010-01-01

This paper revisits the effect of lexical ambiguity in word recognition, which has been controversial as previous research reported advantage, disadvantage, and null effects. We discuss factors that were not consistently treated in previous research (e.g., the level of lexical ambiguity investigated, parts of speech of the experimental stimuli,…

Revisiting the Regenerative Possibilities of Ortiz

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duques, Matthew

2004-01-01

The author of this article revisits Simon Ortiz's poem, "From Sand Creek," in which the latter can in so few words convey both the horrific tragedy of conquest and colonization, while at the same time find a space for possibility, a means for recovery that is never about forgetting but always occurs as a kind of recuperative remembering. Ortiz…

Revisiting Dialogues and Monologues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kvernbekk, Tone

2012-01-01

In educational discourse dialogue tends to be viewed as being (morally) superior to monologue. When we look at them as basic forms of communication, we find that dialogue is a two-way, one-to-one form and monologue is a one-way, one-to-many form. In this paper I revisit the alleged (moral) superiority of dialogue. First, I problematize certain…

New Orleans Revisited and Revised: Recommendations for the Field of Speech Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roever, James E.; And Others

This collection of four papers is the result of an action caucus held in association with the Speech Communication Association's 1972 convention, focusing on developments in the speech communication field since the 1968 USOE/SAA New Orleans conference (ED 028 164). In the first paper, "New Orleans Revisited but Briefly," James E. Roever summarizes…

Literary Origins of the Term "School Psychologist" Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fagan, Thomas K.

2005-01-01

Previous research on the literary origins of the term "school psychologist" is revisited, and conclusions are revised in light of new evidence. It appears that the origin of the term in the American literature occurred as early as 1898 in an article by Hugo Munsterberg, predating the usage by Wilhelm Stern in 1911. The early references to the…

Structuralism's Relevance in a Post-Structural Era: Re-Visiting Research on Multicultural Curricular Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shim, Jenna Min

2011-01-01

At the current historical juncture in which differences and inequalities are surfacing greater than ever in the world, societies, and schools, the main goal of this essay is to revisit the aspects of structuralism that can potentially contribute productively to understanding the invisible structures and forces that everyone carries (mostly…

Re-Visit to the School Nurse and Adolescents' Medicine Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borup, Ina K.; Andersen, Anette; Holstein, Bjorn E.

2011-01-01

Objective: To examine if students who re-visit the school nurse use medicines differently than other students when exposed to aches and psychological problems. Methods: The study includes all 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students from a random sample of schools in Denmark, response rate 87 per cent, n = 5,205. The data collection followed the…

Where Are They Now? LJ Revisits a Decade's Worth of Graduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuzyk, Raya

2006-01-01

In this article, the author revisits 11 graduates who were profiled as part of LJ's annual Placements & Salaries issue. Armed with a library science degree from various institutions, they had just secured jobs in librarianship and were off to a good start forging their careers. Since then, they have worked at elementary school, college, and…

Educational Administration and the Management of Knowledge: 1980 Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bates, Richard

2013-01-01

This paper revisits the thesis of a 1980 paper that suggested a new approach to educational administration based upon the New Sociology of Education. In particular it updates answers to the six key questions asked by that paper: what counts as knowledge; how is what counts as knowledge organised; how is what counts as knowledge transmitted; how is…

Revisiting the Metaphor of the Island: Challenging "World Culture" from an Island Misunderstood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rappleye, Jeremy

2015-01-01

This article revisits the newly "discovered" island that world culture theorists have repeatedly utilised to explain their theoretical stance, conceptual preferences and methodological approach. Yet, it seeks to (re)connect world culture with the real world by replacing their imagined atoll with a real one--the island-nation of Japan. In…

Revisiting "The Widget Effect": Teacher Evaluation Reforms and the Distribution of Teacher Effectiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kraft, Matthew A.; Gilmour, Allison F.

2017-01-01

In 2009, the New Teacher Project's "The Widget Effect" documented the failure of U.S. public school districts to recognize and act on differences in teacher effectiveness. We revisit these findings by compiling teacher performance ratings across 24 states that adopted major reforms to their teacher evaluation systems. In the vast…

Using destination image to predict visitors' intention to revisit three Hudson River Valley, New York, communities

Treesearch

Rudy M. Schuster; Laura Sullivan; Duarte Morais; Diane Kuehn

2009-01-01

This analysis explores the differences in Affective and Cognitive Destination Image among three Hudson River Valley (New York) tourism communities. Multiple regressions were used with six dimensions of visitors' images to predict future intention to revisit. Two of the three regression models were significant. The only significantly contributing independent...

Reflecting Back and Looking Forward: Revisiting "Teaching about Writing, Righting Misconceptions" Five Years on

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wardle, Elizabeth; Downs, Doug

2013-01-01

In this Retrospective, we revisit our 2007 "College Composition and Communication" article in order to clarify our primary argument, address some questions and critiques that have arisen, and consider anew the value of composition courses that study writing. We review our core argument that engaging students with the research and ideas of writing…

Do Email and Mobile Phone Prompts Stimulate Primary School Children to Reuse an Internet-Delivered Smoking Prevention Intervention?

PubMed Central

Mercken, Liesbeth; Crutzen, Rik; Willems, Paul; de Vries, Hein; Oenema, Anke

2014-01-01

Background Improving the use (eg, initial visit and revisits) of Internet-delivered interventions to promote healthy lifestyles such as non-smoking is one of the largest challenges in the field of eHealth. Prompts have shown to be effective in stimulating reuse of Internet-delivered interventions among adults and adolescents. However, evidence concerning effectiveness of prompts to promote reuse of a website among children is still scarce. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate (1) whether prompts are effective in promoting reuse of an intervention website containing information on smoking prevention for children, (2) whether the content of the prompt is associated with its effect in terms of reuse, and (3) whether there are differences between children who do or do not respond to prompts. Methods The sample of this cluster-randomized study consisted of 1124 children (aged 10-11 years) from 108 Dutch primary schools, who were assigned to the experimental group of an Internet-delivered smoking prevention intervention study. All participants completed a Web-based questionnaire on factors related to (non-)smoking. Schools were randomized to a no-prompt group (n=50) or a prompt group (n=58). All children could revisit the intervention website, but only the children in the prompt group received email and SMS prompts to revisit the website. Those prompt messages functioned as a teaser to stimulate reuse of the intervention website. Reuse of the website was objectively tracked by means of a server registration system. Repeated measures analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were performed to assess the effects of prompts on website reuse and to identify individual characteristics of participants who reuse the intervention website. Results Children in the prompt group reused the intervention website significantly more often compared to children in the no-prompt group (B=1.56, P<.001). Prompts announcing new animated videos (F 1,1122=9.33, P=.002) and games about (non-)smoking on the website (F 1,1122=8.28, P=.004) resulted in most reuse of the website. Within the prompt group, children with a low socioeconomic status (SES) reused the intervention website more often (B=2.19, P<.001) than children of high SES (B=0.93, P=.005). Conclusions Prompts can stimulate children to reuse an intervention website aimed at smoking prevention. Prompts showed, furthermore, to stimulate children of a low SES slightly more to reuse an intervention website, which is often a difficult target group in terms of stimulating participation. However, the number of revisits was quite low, which requires further study into how prompts can be optimized in terms of content and frequency to improve the number of revisits. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Register Number: NTR3116; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=3116 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6O0wQYuPI). PMID:24642082

Do email and mobile phone prompts stimulate primary school children to reuse an Internet-delivered smoking prevention intervention?

PubMed

Cremers, Henricus-Paul; Mercken, Liesbeth; Crutzen, Rik; Willems, Paul; de Vries, Hein; Oenema, Anke

2014-03-18

Improving the use (eg, initial visit and revisits) of Internet-delivered interventions to promote healthy lifestyles such as non-smoking is one of the largest challenges in the field of eHealth. Prompts have shown to be effective in stimulating reuse of Internet-delivered interventions among adults and adolescents. However, evidence concerning effectiveness of prompts to promote reuse of a website among children is still scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate (1) whether prompts are effective in promoting reuse of an intervention website containing information on smoking prevention for children, (2) whether the content of the prompt is associated with its effect in terms of reuse, and (3) whether there are differences between children who do or do not respond to prompts. The sample of this cluster-randomized study consisted of 1124 children (aged 10-11 years) from 108 Dutch primary schools, who were assigned to the experimental group of an Internet-delivered smoking prevention intervention study. All participants completed a Web-based questionnaire on factors related to (non-)smoking. Schools were randomized to a no-prompt group (n=50) or a prompt group (n=58). All children could revisit the intervention website, but only the children in the prompt group received email and SMS prompts to revisit the website. Those prompt messages functioned as a teaser to stimulate reuse of the intervention website. Reuse of the website was objectively tracked by means of a server registration system. Repeated measures analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were performed to assess the effects of prompts on website reuse and to identify individual characteristics of participants who reuse the intervention website. Children in the prompt group reused the intervention website significantly more often compared to children in the no-prompt group (B=1.56, P<.001). Prompts announcing new animated videos (F1,1122=9.33, P=.002) and games about (non-)smoking on the website (F1,1122=8.28, P=.004) resulted in most reuse of the website. Within the prompt group, children with a low socioeconomic status (SES) reused the intervention website more often (B=2.19, P<.001) than children of high SES (B=0.93, P=.005). Prompts can stimulate children to reuse an intervention website aimed at smoking prevention. Prompts showed, furthermore, to stimulate children of a low SES slightly more to reuse an intervention website, which is often a difficult target group in terms of stimulating participation. However, the number of revisits was quite low, which requires further study into how prompts can be optimized in terms of content and frequency to improve the number of revisits. Netherlands Trial Register Number: NTR3116; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=3116 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6O0wQYuPI).

Aserpiado - an ancient water conservation measure revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duifhuizen, Wolfgang; Baartman, Jantiene EM; Guzman, Gema; Gomez, Jose A.

2017-04-01

In Andalucía, southern Spain, farmers have been applying a water conservation measure in vineyards called 'Aserpiado' (plural: Aserpias) for centuries. This measure consists of creating multiple micro-depressions within a field in either all or in every second inter vines rows, using a tillage tool. The main objective of implementing aserpiado is to let water infiltrate on-site, thereby increasing soil moisture and plant available water, and decreasing runoff and associated losses of water and soil. Even though this system has traditionally been used in dryland areas, the functioning and efficiency of the system are still not well known. This study aimed at investigating the functioning of the aserpiado system at hillslope scale in a commercial vineyard belonging to the Appellation of Origin Montilla-Moriles in Córdoba. For this purpose, rainfall simulations at micro-plot scale and infiltration tests were performed in the field at different positions of the hillslope to determine the runoff coefficient of the untreated rows and the infiltration rate at the aserpias, respectively. These trials were complemented with a detailed description of the soil profile and aserpias and a sampling survey to describe and characterize some soil properties, relevant for this study. Preliminary results and field observations indicate that high-intensity rainstorms cause high runoff coefficients in the untreated rows. Further analysis of the data obtained from the different trials would quantify the degree in which aserpias, if well made, would be able to decrease hortonian runoff in vineyards. As this study is ongoing, more detailed results will be presented on the poster.

Architecture of GnRH-Gonadotrope-Vasculature Reveals a Dual Mode of Gonadotropin Regulation in Fish.

PubMed

Golan, Matan; Zelinger, Einat; Zohar, Yonathan; Levavi-Sivan, Berta

2015-11-01

The function and components of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis are conserved among vertebrates; however, in fish, a neuroglandular mode of delivery (direct contact between axons and endocrine cells) was considered dominant, whereas in tetrapods hypothalamic signals are relayed to their targets via the hypophysial portal blood system (neurovascular delivery mode). By using a transgenic zebrafish model we studied the functional and anatomical aspects of gonadotrope regulation thus revisiting the existing model. FSH cells were found to be situated close to the vasculature whereas the compact organization of LH cells prevented direct contact of all cells with the circulation. GnRH3 fibers formed multiple boutons upon reaching the pituitary, but most of these structures were located in the neurohypophysis rather than adjacent to gonadotropes. A close association was observed between FSH cells and GnRH3 boutons, but only a fifth of the LH cells were in direct contact with GnRH3 axons, suggesting that FSH cells are more directly regulated than LH cells. GnRH3 fibers closely followed the vasculature in the neurohypophysis and formed numerous boutons along these tracts. These vessels were found to be permeable to relatively large molecules, suggesting the uptake of GnRH3 peptides. Our findings have important implications regarding the differential regulation of LH and FSH and contradict the accepted notion that fish pituitary cells are mostly regulated directly by hypothalamic fibers. Instead, we provide evidence that zebrafish apply a dual mode of gonadotrope regulation by GnRH3 that combines both neuroglandular and neurovascular components.

Strength and Dislocation Structure Evolution of Small Metals under Vibrations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ngan, Alfonso

2015-03-01

It is well-known that ultrasonic vibration can soften metals, and this phenomenon has been widely exploited in industrial applications concerning metal forming and bonding. In this work, we explore the effects of a superimposed small oscillatory load on metal plasticity, from the nano- to macro-size range, and from audible to ultrasonic frequency ranges. Macroscopic and nano-indentation were performed on aluminum, copper and molybdenum, and the results show that the simultaneous application of oscillatory stresses can lower the hardness of these samples. More interestingly, EBSD and TEM observations show that subgrain formation and reduction in dislocation density generally occurred when stress oscillations were applied. These findings point to an important knowledge gap in metal plasticity - the existing understanding of ultrasound softening in terms of the vibrations either imposing additional stress waves to augment the quasi-static applied load, or heating up the metal, whereas the metal's intrinsic deformation resistance or dislocation interactive processes are assumed unaltered by the ultrasound, is proven wrong by the present results. Furthermore, in the case of nanoindentation, the Continuous Stiffness Measurement technique for contact stiffness measurement assumes that the imposed signal-carrier oscillations do not intrinsically alter the material properties of the specimen, and again, the present results prove that this can be wrong. To understand the enhanced subgrain formation and dislocation annihilation, Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDD) simulations were carried out and these show that when an oscillatory stress is superimposed on a quasi-static applied stress, reversals of motion of dislocations may occur, and these allow the dislocations to revisit repeatedly suitable configurations for annihilation. DDD, however, was unable to predict the observed subgrain formation presumably because the number of dislocations that can be handled is not large enough. Subgrain formation was directly predicted by a new simulation method of dislocation plasticity based on the dynamics of dislocation density functions.

Instant Video Revisiting for Reflection: Extending the Learning of Children and Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hong, Seong B.; Broderick, Jane T.

This article discusses how instant video revisiting (IVR) promotes reflective thinking for both teachers and children. IVR was used as a daily classroom experience with both the children and the teachers throughout one semester in two preschool classrooms with children 2.5 to 5 years old. The teachers used a digital video camera to generate data…

The Postgraduate Premium: Revisiting Trends in Social Mobility and Educational Inequalities in Britain and America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindley, Joanne; Machin, Stephen

2013-01-01

This report revisits the debate about why social mobility levels are relatively low in Great Britain and the United States of America compared to other countries. It focuses on three main areas within this debate: (1) the changing role of educational inequalities; (2) the expectation of ever higher levels of education as revealed in increasing…

Public Administration Education in a Continental European Legalistic Setting: The Hungarian Case

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gellén, Márton

2014-01-01

The Trans-European Dialogue in 2013 was dedicated to the revisiting of the research undertaken by György Hajnal in 2003 (Hajnal, 2003) on public administration education in Europe. As part of the preparations to the conference, Hajnal also revisited his research after 10 years. The findings presented on the conference offer a theoretical framework…

Globalisation, the Singapore Developmental State and Education Policy: A Thesis Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gopinathan, S.

2007-01-01

In this article I revisit and extend arguments made in 1996 and 1997 about the relationship between globalisation, the state and education policy. I was particularly concerned then to see how a small but strong state, Singapore, was responding in the education arena to globalisation. I also wished to draw attention to the literature on the high…

Service-Learning in Crisis Communication Education: Revisiting Coombs' Objectives for the Crisis Communication Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maresh-Fuehrer, Michelle M.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to revisit Coombs' suggestions for teaching the crisis communication course using service-learning as a framework. The author sought to assess the effectiveness of using this method in terms of the benefits to both students and the partnering organization and students' perceptions of whether they met the learning…

Making Productive Use of Four Models of School English: A Case Study Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macken-Horarik, Mary

2014-01-01

At a time when political leaders and media pundits seek to narrow the English curriculum and reduce its knowledge structure to the "basics," it is helpful to revisit the potential of different approaches to learning in English that have evolved over time. In this paper I reflect on the semantic features of personal growth, cultural…

Clinical ethics revisited

PubMed Central

Singer, Peter A; Pellegrino, Edmund D; Siegler, Mark

2001-01-01

A decade ago, we reviewed the field of clinical ethics; assessed its progress in research, education, and ethics committees and consultation; and made predictions about the future of the field. In this article, we revisit clinical ethics to examine our earlier observations, highlight key developments, and discuss remaining challenges for clinical ethics, including the need to develop a global perspective on clinical ethics problems. PMID:11346456

Of Groomers and Tour Guides: The Role of Writing in the Fellowships Office

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bickford, Leslie

2017-01-01

Making writing less scary for students and focusing on the messy, recursive nature of writing helps students use the writing process to bring forth the thoughts that might otherwise not find their way into essays. Students who revisit their writing also revisit their thinking and are empowered to cultivate and articulate that thinking in clearer…

Asian Lifelong Learning in the Context of a Global Knowledge Economy: A Task Re-Visited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Han, Soonghee

2007-01-01

This article revisits and reinterprets my previous paper. It is a snapshot of the lifelong learning system building in selected Asian countries, reflected in the mirror of the Asian Financial Crisis in the 1997s and the aftermath of that event. I reconsidered the arguments (1) the economic recession had delivered a global dimension of lifelong…

MacIntyre's Revolutionary Aristotelian Philosophy and His Idea of an Educated Public Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macallister, James

2016-01-01

In this article I revisit MacIntyre's lecture on the idea of an educated public. I argue that the full significance of MacIntyre's views on the underlying purposes of universities only become clear when his lecture on the educated public is situated in the context of his wider 'revolutionary Aristotelian' philosophical project. I claim that for…

Preparation, Pedagogy, Policy, and Power: "Brown," the "King" Case, and the Struggle for Equal Language Rights

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ball, Arnetha F.; Alim, H. Samy

2006-01-01

For scholars of literacy and educational linguistics, the years 2004 and beyond have given them cause to not only revisit racial issues 50 years after "Brown v. Board of Education," but also to revisit 25 years of language and racial politics since "the Martin Luther King Black English case." This chapter discusses what needs…

Critical Language Awareness in the United States: Revisiting Issues and Revising Pedagogies in a Resegregated Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alim, H. Samy

2005-01-01

As scholars examine the successes and failures of more than 50 years of court-ordered desegregation since "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas," and 25 years of language education of Black youth since "Martin Luther King Elementary School Children v. Ann Arbor School District Board," this article revisits the key…

Benjamin Franklin and Mesmerism, revisited.

PubMed

McConkey, Kevin M; Perry, Campbell

2002-10-01

The authors revisit and update their previous historiographical note (McConkey & Perry, 1985) on Benjamin Franklin's involvement with and investigation of animal magnetism or mesmerism. They incorporate more recent literature and offer additional comment about Franklin's role in and views about mesmerism. Franklin had a higher degree of personal involvement with and a more detailed opinion of mesmerism than has been previously appreciated.

The Demand for Special Education Teachers in Rural Schools Revisited: An Update on Progress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sindelar, Paul T.; Pua, Daisy J.; Fisher, Tiffany; Peyton, David J.; Brownell, Mary T.; Mason-Williams, Loretta

2018-01-01

In this commentary, we revisit "NCLB and the Demand for Highly Qualified Teachers: Challenges and Solutions for Rural Schools," an article we published in this journal in 2005. We consider the predictions we made then about the impact of the Highly Qualified Teacher mandate on special education teacher (SET) shortages in rural states and…

Effects of tooth scaling reminders for dental outpatients.

PubMed

Cheng, Chi-Chia J; Li, Chung-Yi; Hu, Yih-Jin; Shen, Hsi-Che; Huang, Shay-Min

2013-06-01

We investigated the effect of sending reminders for patients to attend appointments for tooth scaling. A total of 389 outpatients were assigned to three intervention groups (reminders sent by postcard, mobile-phone text message or telephone call) and one control group. Reminders accompanied by short health education messages were sent to patients in each of the intervention groups. The outpatient revisiting behaviour of the patients was monitored. Patients who were reminded to come in for tooth scaling were 2.6 (95% CI 1.3-5.4) to 2.9 (CI 1.1-7.8) times more likely to revisit compared to those who were not reminded. For every one point increase in the patient satisfaction score, patients were 3.8 (CI 1.2-11.6) times more likely to revisit. Patients with a high level of patient satisfaction and who had also received a reminder had the highest return rates (26%). Most patients (89-96%) had good feelings regarding the reminders; 65% of the patients agreed that reminders had enhanced their intention to revisit; 91% of patients hoped to continue to receive reminders concerning broader dental health information. A reminder combined with health education is an effective way of improving preventative dental visiting behaviour.

Heterogeneity in Oligodendroglia: Is it Relevant to Mouse Models and Human Disease?

PubMed Central

Ornelas, Isis M.; McLane, Lauren E.; Saliu, Aminat; Evangelou, Angelina V.; Khandker, Luipa; Wood, Teresa L.

2016-01-01

There are many lines of evidence indicating that OPC and oligodendrocyte populations in the CNS are heterogeneous based on their developmental origins as well as from morphological and molecular criteria. Whether these distinctions reflect functional heterogeneity is less clear and has been the subject of considerable debate. Recent findings particularly from knockout mouse models have provided new evidence for regional variations in myelination phenotypes, particularly between brain and spinal cord. These data raise the possibility that oligodendrocytes in these regions have different functional capacities and/or ability to compensate for loss of a specific gene. The goal of this review is to briefly revisit the evidence for oligodendrocyte heterogeneity and then to present data from transgenic and demyelinating mouse models suggesting functional heterogeneity in myelination, demyelination and remyelination in the CNS and finally, to discuss the implications of these findings for human diseases. PMID:27557736

Eminence, IQ, physical and mental health, and achievement domain : Cox's 282 Geniuses revisited.

PubMed

Simonton, Dean Keith; Song, Anna V

2009-04-01

Catharine Cox published two studies of highly eminent creators and leaders, the first in 1926 as the second volume of Terman's landmark Genetic Studies of Genius and the second in 1936 as a coauthored article. The former publication concentrated on the relation between IQ and achieved eminence, and the latter focused on early physical and mental health. Taking advantage of unpublished data from the second study, we examined, for the first time, the relationships among achieved eminence, IQ, early physical and mental health, and achievement domain. The correlation and regression analyses showed, for these 282 individuals, that eminence is a positive function of IQ and that IQ is a positive function of mental health and a negative function of physical health, implying an indirect effect of physical and mental health on eminence. Furthermore, levels of early physical and mental health vary across 10 specific domains of achievement.

Density Weighted FDF Equations for Simulations of Turbulent Reacting Flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shih, Tsan-Hsing; Liu, Nan-Suey

2011-01-01

In this report, we briefly revisit the formulation of density weighted filtered density function (DW-FDF) for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent reacting flows, which was proposed by Jaberi et al. (Jaberi, F.A., Colucci, P.J., James, S., Givi, P. and Pope, S.B., Filtered mass density function for Large-eddy simulation of turbulent reacting flows, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 401, pp. 85-121, 1999). At first, we proceed the traditional derivation of the DW-FDF equations by using the fine grained probability density function (FG-PDF), then we explore another way of constructing the DW-FDF equations by starting directly from the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. We observe that the terms which are unclosed in the traditional DW-FDF equations are now closed in the newly constructed DW-FDF equations. This significant difference and its practical impact on the computational simulations may deserve further studies.

Quantum Critical Point revisited by the Dynamical Mean Field Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Wenhu; Kotliar, Gabriel; Tsvelik, Alexei

Dynamical mean field theory is used to study the quantum critical point (QCP) in the doped Hubbard model on a square lattice. The QCP is characterized by a universal scaling form of the self energy and a spin density wave instability at an incommensurate wave vector. The scaling form unifies the low energy kink and the high energy waterfall feature in the spectral function, while the spin dynamics includes both the critical incommensurate and high energy antiferromagnetic paramagnons. We use the frequency dependent four-point correlation function of spin operators to calculate the momentum dependent correction to the electron self energy. Our results reveal a substantial difference with the calculations based on the Spin-Fermion model which indicates that the frequency dependence of the the quasiparitcle-paramagnon vertices is an important factor. The authors are supported by Center for Computational Design of Functional Strongly Correlated Materials and Theoretical Spectroscopy under DOE Grant DE-FOA-0001276.

Classical and sequential limit analysis revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leblond, Jean-Baptiste; Kondo, Djimédo; Morin, Léo; Remmal, Almahdi

2018-04-01

Classical limit analysis applies to ideal plastic materials, and within a linearized geometrical framework implying small displacements and strains. Sequential limit analysis was proposed as a heuristic extension to materials exhibiting strain hardening, and within a fully general geometrical framework involving large displacements and strains. The purpose of this paper is to study and clearly state the precise conditions permitting such an extension. This is done by comparing the evolution equations of the full elastic-plastic problem, the equations of classical limit analysis, and those of sequential limit analysis. The main conclusion is that, whereas classical limit analysis applies to materials exhibiting elasticity - in the absence of hardening and within a linearized geometrical framework -, sequential limit analysis, to be applicable, strictly prohibits the presence of elasticity - although it tolerates strain hardening and large displacements and strains. For a given mechanical situation, the relevance of sequential limit analysis therefore essentially depends upon the importance of the elastic-plastic coupling in the specific case considered.

Electrical lysis: dynamics revisited and advances in On-chip operation.

PubMed

Morshed, Bashir; Shams, Maitham; Mussivand, Tofy

2013-01-01

Electrical lysis (EL) is the process of breaking the cell membrane to expose the internal contents under an applied high electric field. Lysis is an important phenomenon for cellular analysis, medical treatment, and biofouling control. This paper aims to review, summarize, and analyze recent advancements on EL. Major databases including PubMed, Ei Engineering Village, IEEE Xplore, and Scholars Portal were searched using relevant keywords. More than 50 articles published in English since 1997 are cited in this article. EL has several key advantages compared to other lysis techniques such as chemical, mechanical, sonication, or laser, including rapid speed of operation, ability to control, miniaturization, low cost, and low power requirement. A variety of cell types have been investigated for including protoplasts, E. coli, yeasts, blood cells, and cancer cells. EL has been developed and applied for decontamination, cytology, genetics, single-cell analysis, cancer treatment, and other applications. On-chip EL is a promising technology for multiplexed automated implementation of cell-sample preparation and processing with micro- or nanoliter reagents.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

San Fabián, J.; Omar, S.; García de la Vega, J. M., E-mail: garcia.delavega@uam.es

The effect of a fraction of Hartree-Fock exchange on the calculated spin-spin coupling constants involving fluorine through a hydrogen bond is analyzed in detail. Coupling constants calculated using wavefunction methods are revisited in order to get high-level calculations using the same basis set. Accurate MCSCF results are obtained using an additive approach. These constants and their contributions are used as a reference for density functional calculations. Within the density functional theory, the Hartree-Fock exchange functional is split in short- and long-range using a modified version of the Coulomb-attenuating method with the SLYP functional as well as with the original B3LYP.more » Results support the difficulties for calculating hydrogen bond coupling constants using density functional methods when fluorine nuclei are involved. Coupling constants are very sensitive to the Hartree-Fock exchange and it seems that, contrary to other properties, it is important to include this exchange for short-range interactions. Best functionals are tested in two different groups of complexes: those related with anionic clusters of type [F(HF){sub n}]{sup −} and those formed by difluoroacetylene and either one or two hydrogen fluoride molecules.« less

Cardiorenal Syndrome in Acute Heart Failure: Revisiting Paradigms.

PubMed

Núñez, Julio; Miñana, Gema; Santas, Enrique; Bertomeu-González, Vicente

2015-05-01

Cardiorenal syndrome has been defined as the simultaneous dysfunction of both the heart and the kidney. Worsening renal function that occurs in patients with acute heart failure has been classified as cardiorenal syndrome type 1. In this setting, worsening renal function is a common finding and is due to complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood processes involving hemodynamic (renal arterial hypoperfusion and renal venous congestion) and nonhemodynamic factors. Traditionally, worsening renal function has been associated with worse outcomes, but recent findings have revealed mixed and heterogeneous results, perhaps suggesting that the same phenotype represents a diversity of pathophysiological and clinical situations. Interpreting the magnitude and chronology of renal changes together with baseline renal function, fluid overload status, and clinical response to therapy might help clinicians to unravel the clinical meaning of renal function changes that occur during an episode of heart failure decompensation. In this article, we critically review the contemporary evidence on the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of worsening renal function in acute heart failure. Copyright © 2014 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

The Role of Patients and Providers in the Timing of Follow-up Visits

PubMed Central

Welch, H Gilbert; Chapko, Michael K; James, Kenneth E; Schwartz, Lisa M; Woloshin, Steven

1999-01-01

OBJECTIVE Although the decision about how frequently to see outpatients has a direct impact on a provider’s workload and may impact health care costs, revisit intervals have rarely been a topic of investigation. To begin to understand what factors are correlated with this decision, we examined baseline data from a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Study designed to evaluate telephone care. DESIGN Observational study based on extensive patient data collected during enrollment into the randomized trial. Providers were required to recommend a revisit interval (e.g., “return visit in 3 months”) for each patient before randomization, under the assumption that the patient would be receiving clinic visits as usual. POPULATON/SETTING Five hundred seventy-one patients over age 55 cared for by one of the 30 providers working in three VA general medical clinics. Patients for whom immediate follow-up (≤2 weeks) was recommended were excluded. MEASUREMENTS Mean revisit interval was adjusted for patient factors using a regression model that accounted for patients being nested within providers and providers being nested within sites. Four patient-level variable blocks (illness burden–patient, travel time, illness burden–physician, and prior utilization) were sequentially entered into a linear model to determine their role in explaining the variance in revisit intervals. Physician identity was also entered after four blocks. MAIN RESULTS Recommended revisit intervals ranged from 1 month to over 1 year with the most common recommended intervals being 2, 3, or 6 months. About 10% of the variance in revisit interval was explained by illness measures independent of provider (e.g., general health perception) and travel time. Adding other illness measures (e.g., diagnoses, medications) and prior utilization (e.g., clinic visits) doubled the variance explained (R2= .21). Finally, the identification of individual provider doubled the explained variance again (R2= .45). After adjusting for patient factors, the average revisit interval for individual providers ranged from 8 to 26 weeks (8 to 19 weeks when restricted to the 16 staff physicians). There were also substantial differences across the three sites (adjusted means: 14, 17, and 11 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Even after adjusting for a detailed array of patient-level data, primary care providers have different practice styles regarding the timing of return visits. These may, in turn, reflect the local “culture” in which they practice. How many patients providers are able to care for may be determined by the providers’ inclinations toward the timing of follow-up visits. PMID:10203634

Revisiting "You are what you eat, +1‰": Bacterial Trophic Structure and the Sedimentary Record

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pearson, A.; Tang, T.; Mohr, W.; Sattin, S.

2015-12-01

"You are what you eat, +1‰" is a central principle of carbon stable isotope (δ13C) distributions and is widely applied to understand the structure and ordering of macrobiotic ecosystems. Although based on observations from multicellular organisms that are able to ingest "food", this idea also has been applied to Precambrian ecosystems dominated by unicellular, microbial life, with the suggestion that such systems could sustain ordered trophic structures observable in their isotopes. However, using a new approach to community profiling known as protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF), we find that the carbon isotope ratios of whole proteins separated from environmental samples show differences only between metabolically-distinct autotrophs; heterotrophs are not 13C-enriched. In parallel, a survey of the relative distribution of 13C between biochemical classes - specifically acetogenic lipids, isoprenoid lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids/sugars - across a variety of bacterial species appears to be a function of the main carbon metabolite, not an indicator of heterotrophy vs. autotrophy. Indeed, autotrophy, heterotrophy, and mixotrophy all are indistinguishable when the primary food source is fresh photosynthate, i.e., sugar. Significant assimilation of acetate is diagnosed by acetogenic lipids that are relatively 13C-enriched vs. isoprenoid lipids. Mixed-substrate heterotrophy, in contrast, satisfies the classic "…+1‰" rule for bulk biomass, yet simultaneously it collapses the biochemical patterns of 13C almost completely. Together these observations point to a paradigm shift for understanding the preservation of bulk organic and lipid δ13C signatures in the rock record, suggesting that patterns of δ13Corg must primarily reflect changing carbon inputs, not the extent or intensity of heterotrophy.

A review on design of experiments and surrogate models in aircraft real-time and many-query aerodynamic analyses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yondo, Raul; Andrés, Esther; Valero, Eusebio

2018-01-01

Full scale aerodynamic wind tunnel testing, numerical simulation of high dimensional (full-order) aerodynamic models or flight testing are some of the fundamental but complex steps in the various design phases of recent civil transport aircrafts. Current aircraft aerodynamic designs have increase in complexity (multidisciplinary, multi-objective or multi-fidelity) and need to address the challenges posed by the nonlinearity of the objective functions and constraints, uncertainty quantification in aerodynamic problems or the restrained computational budgets. With the aim to reduce the computational burden and generate low-cost but accurate models that mimic those full order models at different values of the design variables, Recent progresses have witnessed the introduction, in real-time and many-query analyses, of surrogate-based approaches as rapid and cheaper to simulate models. In this paper, a comprehensive and state-of-the art survey on common surrogate modeling techniques and surrogate-based optimization methods is given, with an emphasis on models selection and validation, dimensionality reduction, sensitivity analyses, constraints handling or infill and stopping criteria. Benefits, drawbacks and comparative discussions in applying those methods are described. Furthermore, the paper familiarizes the readers with surrogate models that have been successfully applied to the general field of fluid dynamics, but not yet in the aerospace industry. Additionally, the review revisits the most popular sampling strategies used in conducting physical and simulation-based experiments in aircraft aerodynamic design. Attractive or smart designs infrequently used in the field and discussions on advanced sampling methodologies are presented, to give a glance on the various efficient possibilities to a priori sample the parameter space. Closing remarks foster on future perspectives, challenges and shortcomings associated with the use of surrogate models by aircraft industrial aerodynamicists, despite their increased interest among the research communities.

Automatic lithofacies segmentation from well-logs data. A comparative study between the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Walsh transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aliouane, Leila; Ouadfeul, Sid-Ali; Rabhi, Abdessalem; Rouina, Fouzi; Benaissa, Zahia; Boudella, Amar

2013-04-01

The main goal of this work is to realize a comparison between two lithofacies segmentation techniques of reservoir interval. The first one is based on the Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map neural network machine. The second technique is based on the Walsh transform decomposition. Application to real well-logs data of two boreholes located in the Algerian Sahara shows that the Self-organizing map is able to provide more lithological details that the obtained lithofacies model given by the Walsh decomposition. Keywords: Comparison, Lithofacies, SOM, Walsh References: 1)Aliouane, L., Ouadfeul, S., Boudella, A., 2011, Fractal analysis based on the continuous wavelet transform and lithofacies classification from well-logs data using the self-organizing map neural network, Arabian Journal of geosciences, doi: 10.1007/s12517-011-0459-4 2) Aliouane, L., Ouadfeul, S., Djarfour, N., Boudella, A., 2012, Petrophysical Parameters Estimation from Well-Logs Data Using Multilayer Perceptron and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 7667, 2012, pp 730-736, doi : 10.1007/978-3-642-34500-5_86 3)Ouadfeul, S. and Aliouane., L., 2011, Multifractal analysis revisited by the continuous wavelet transform applied in lithofacies segmentation from well-logs data, International journal of applied physics and mathematics, Vol01 N01. 4) Ouadfeul, S., Aliouane, L., 2012, Lithofacies Classification Using the Multilayer Perceptron and the Self-organizing Neural Networks, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 7667, 2012, pp 737-744, doi : 10.1007/978-3-642-34500-5_87 5) Weisstein, Eric W. "Fast Walsh Transform." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/FastWalshTransform.html

Radiative corrections to double-Dalitz decays revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kampf, Karol; Novotný, Jiři; Sanchez-Puertas, Pablo

2018-03-01

In this study, we revisit and complete the full next-to-leading order corrections to pseudoscalar double-Dalitz decays within the soft-photon approximation. Comparing to the previous study, we find small differences, which are nevertheless relevant for extracting information about the pseudoscalar transition form factors. Concerning the latter, these processes could offer the opportunity to test them—for the first time—in their double-virtual regime.

Tensions of Reimagining Our Roles as Teacher Educators in a Third Space: Revisiting a Co/Autoethnography through a Faculty Lens

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Monica; Klein, Emily J.; Abrams, Linda

2014-01-01

This co/autoethnography uses our lens as university faculty to examine how engaging in a year-long self-study with mentors nurtured a complicated third space where we could together begin to reimagine our roles as teacher educators. Two secondary faculty members and a doctoral assistant used co/autoethnography to revisit a collaborative self-study…

Revisiting Feminism and Australian Education: Who Speaks? What Questions? What Contexts? What Impact?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yates, Lyn

2008-01-01

This article revisits the development of feminist research and policy in education in Australia in the mid-1970s to mid-1980s from the perspective of the present decade. The purpose is to give one insider's account of the specificities of that initial period, and to use that analysis to draw attention to changes evident in the context and agendas…

Today's Teens, Their Problems, and Their Literature: Revisiting G. Robert Carlsen's "Books and the Teenage Reader" Thirty Years Later.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carroll, Pamela Sissi

1997-01-01

Revisits G. Robert Carlsen's call for the use of young adult literature in the classroom by looking specifically at the emotional and reading needs of older adolescents, those in the upper grades. Discusses problems associated with adolescence in the late twentieth century and lists recommended young adult books that touch on those issues. (TB)

Revisiting Risk in the 21st Century. Forum Focus. Volume 3, Issue 1, January-February 2005

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forum for Youth Investment, 2005

2005-01-01

Over the past year, dozens of articles have been published about excessive youth borrowing and spending (leading to high amounts of debt), new reactions to negative body image (such as plastic surgery), as well as more familiar risks like premarital sex and smoking. In Forum Focus: Revisiting Risk in the 21st Century, we explore these challenges…

The Kickstart of the Age of the Earth Race: Revisiting the Experiment of the Comte de Buffon at School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pincelli, M. M.; Prat, M. R.; Lescano, G. M.; Formichella, M. del C.; Brustle, M.; Otranto, S.

2018-01-01

In this work, the first experiment ever done to determine the age of the Earth is revisited. The benefits of its application at primary and secondary school levels are presented and discussed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the advantage of facing students with the challenges that scientists have had to overcome during the past three…

Re-visiting RHIC snakes: OPERA fields, n 0 dance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meot, F.; Gupta, R.; Huang, H.

In this Tech. Note RHIC snakes and stable spin directionmore » $$\\vector{n}$$ 0(s) are re-visited, based on OPERA-computed field maps of the former. The numerical simulations so undertaken provide various outcomes regarding RHIC optics and spin dynamics, in relation with orbital and focusing effects resulting from the use of this realistic 3-D representation of the snakes.« less

Reconciling Hierarchical and Edge Organizations: 9-11 Revisited

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

the hierarchical structure, despite claiming to be networked. Hence, our research asks whether these two archetypal forms can be reconciled with one...asks whether these two archetypal forms can be reconciled with one another. By revisiting a case study of the events of September 11th, 2001...organizational form best suited to network-centric operations. Drawing on Mintzberg’s (1979) work on organizational archetypes , five classic organizational

Discussion of "Computational Electrocardiography: Revisiting Holter ECG Monitoring".

PubMed

Baumgartner, Christian; Caiani, Enrico G; Dickhaus, Hartmut; Kulikowski, Casimir A; Schiecke, Karin; van Bemmel, Jan H; Witte, Herbert

2016-08-05

This article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper "Computational Electrocardiography: Revisiting Holter ECG Monitoring" written by Thomas M. Deserno and Nikolaus Marx. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the paper of Deserno and Marx. In subsequent issues the discussion can continue through letters to the editor.

Socioeconomic factors are associated with frequency of repeat emergency department visits for closed pediatric fractures

PubMed Central

Dy, Christopher J.; Lyman, Stephen; Do, Huong T.; Fabricant, Peter D.; Marx, Robert G.; Green, Daniel W.

2014-01-01

Background Previous research has demonstrated both greater difficulty in obtaining follow-up appointments and increased likelihood of return visits to the emergency department (ED) for patients with government-funded insurance plans. The purpose of the current study is to determine whether socioeconomic factors, such as race and insurance type, are associated with the frequency of repeat ED visits in pediatric patients with closed fractures. Methods A review of ED visit data over a 2-year period from a statewide hospital discharge database in New York was conducted. Discharges for patients with a unique person identifier in the database age 17 and younger were examined for an ICD-9 diagnosis of closed upper or lower extremity fracture. Age, sex, race, and insurance type for patients with a return ED visit within 8 weeks for the same fracture diagnosis were compared to those without a return visit using standard univariate statistical tests and logistic regression analyses. Results Of the 68,236 visits reviewed, the revisit rate was 0.85%. Patients of non-white or unidentified race were significantly more likely to have a revisit than white patients (OR 1.27; p=0.006). Patients with government-funded insurance were significantly more likely to have a revisit than those without government-funded insurance (OR 1.55; p<0.001). Patients with private insurance were significantly less likely to have a revisit than those without private insurance (OR 0.72; p=0.001). Conclusions Our analysis revealed that non-white patients are more likely to return to the ED within 8 weeks for the same fracture diagnosis. Patients with government insurance are 55% more likely to have a revisit, while patients with private insurance are 28% less likely to have a revisit. Our results suggest that socioeconomic disparities exist in access to orthopaedic care for closed fractures in a pediatric population. Physicians and policy makers should be mindful of these health care disparities when striving to improve access to care among patients and resource utilization in the emergency department. Level of Evidence Prognostic Level II PMID:24590328

Emergency department revisits for patients with kidney stones in California.

PubMed

Scales, Charles D; Lin, Li; Saigal, Christopher S; Bennett, Carol J; Ponce, Ninez A; Mangione, Carol M; Litwin, Mark S

2015-04-01

Kidney stones affect nearly one in 11 persons in the United States, and among those experiencing symptoms, emergency care is common. In this population, little is known about the incidence of and factors associated with repeat emergency department (ED) visits. The objective was to identify associations between potentially mutable factors and the risk of an ED revisit for patients with kidney stones in a large, all-payer cohort. This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients in California initially treated and released from EDs for kidney stones between February 2008 and November 2009. A multivariable regression model was created to identify associations between patient-level characteristics, area health care resources, processes of care, and the risk of repeat ED visits. The primary outcome was a second ED visit within 30 days of the initial discharge from emergent care. Among 128,564 patients discharged from emergent care, 13,684 (11%) had at least one additional emergent visit for treatment of their kidney stone. In these patients, nearly one in three required hospitalization or an urgent temporizing procedure at the second visit. On multivariable analysis, the risk of an ED revisit was associated with insurance status (e.g., Medicaid vs. private insurance; odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43 to 1.61; p < 0.001). Greater access to urologic care was associated with lower odds of an ED revisit (highest quartile OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.97; p < 0.01 vs. lowest quartile). In exploratory models, performance of a complete blood count was associated with a decreased odds of revisit (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.97; p = 0.02). Repeat high-acuity care affects one in nine patients discharged from initial emergent evaluations for kidney stones. Access to urologic care and processes of care are associated with lower risk of repeat emergent encounters. Efforts are indicated to identify preventable causes of ED revisits for kidney stone patients and design interventions to reduce the risk of high-cost, high-acuity, repeat care. © 2015 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Searching for the best thermoelectrics through the optimization of transport distribution function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Zheyong; Wang, Hui-Qiong; Zheng, Jin-Cheng

2011-04-01

The thermoelectric performance of materials is dependent on the interplay or competition among three key components, the electrical conductivity, thermopower, and thermal conductivity, which can be written as integrals of a single function, the transport distribution function (TDF). Mahan and Sofo [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 7436 (1996)] found that, mathematically, the thermoelectric properties could be maximized by a delta-shaped transport distribution, which was associated with a narrow distribution of the energy of the electrons participating in the transport process. In this work, we revisited the shape effect of TDF on thermoelectric figure of merit. It is confirmed both heuristically and numerically that among all the normalized TDF the Dirac delta function leads to the largest thermoelectric figure of merit. Whereas, for the case of TDF being bounded, a rectangular-shape distribution is instead found to be the most favorable one, which could be achieved through nanoroute. Our results also indicate that high thermoelectric figure of merit is associated with appropriate violations of the Wiedemann-Franz law.

The “Right Stuff” Revisited: What Have We Learned About the Determinants of Daily Functioning in Schizophrenia?

PubMed Central

Green, Michael F.; Llerena, Katiah; Kern, Robert S.

2015-01-01

It has been about 15 years since we published our article asking whether we are measuring the “Right Stuff” as we search for predictors and determinants of functional outcome in schizophrenia. At that time, we raised the question as to whether the neurocognitive assessments used to study outcome in schizophrenia were too narrow to capture the wide variability in factors that determine daily functioning. While the study of the determinants of functioning in schizophrenia has grown and matured, we are struck by 3 aspects of the article that evolved in different directions. First, the selection of outcome domains in the Right Stuff meta-analysis reflects a focus at that time on predictors of psychiatric rehabilitation. Second, expansion beyond traditional neurocognitive domains occurred in one suggested area (social cognition), but not another (learning potential). Third, the field has responded assertively to the recommendation to evaluate more informed and informative theoretical models. PMID:25750248

[The absence of stewardship in the Chilean health authority after the 2004 health reform].

PubMed

Herrera, Tania; Sánchez, Sergio

2014-11-26

Stewardship is the most important political function of a health system. It is a government responsibility carried out by the health authority. Among other dimensions, it is also a meta-function that includes conduction and regulation. The Health Authority and Management Act, which came about from the health reform of 2004, separated the functions of service provision and stewardship with the aim of strengthening the role of the health authority. However, the current structure of the health system contains overlapping functions between the different entities that leads to lack of coordination and inconsistencies, and a greater weight on individual health actions at the expense of collective ones. Consequently, a properly funded national health strategy to improve the health of the population is missing. Additionally, the components of citizen participation and governance are weak. It is necessary, therefore, to revisit the Chilean health structure in order to develop one that truly enables the exercise of the health authority’s stewardship role.

Reliable semiclassical computations in QCD

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dine, Michael; Department of Physics, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-4060; Festuccia, Guido

We revisit the question of whether or not one can perform reliable semiclassical QCD computations at zero temperature. We study correlation functions with no perturbative contributions, and organize the problem by means of the operator product expansion, establishing a precise criterion for the validity of a semiclassical calculation. For N{sub f}>N, a systematic computation is possible; for N{sub f}

[The mammalian oviduct revisited].

PubMed

Halter, S; Reynaud, K; Tahir, Z; Thoumire, S; Chastant-Maillard, S; Saint-Dizier, M

2011-11-01

The oviducts, or uterine tubes, support the transport and final maturation of gametes, and harbour fertilization and early embryo development. The oviduct environment is finely regulated by ovarian steroids as well as by gametes and embryos that interact with it. Previously regarded as a simple transit zone, the oviduct is now regarded as a complex organ with multiple functions in these various processes. The tubal fluid, now better characterized, is to be regarded as the first interface between the mother and the embryo. It may play a major role in the quality of the conceptus. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Revisiting regression in autism: Heller's dementia infantilis. Includes a translation of Über Dementia Infantilis.

PubMed

Westphal, Alexander; Schelinski, Stefanie; Volkmar, Fred; Pelphrey, Kevin

2013-02-01

Theodor Heller first described a severe regression of adaptive function in normally developing children, something he termed dementia infantilis, over one 100 years ago. Dementia infantilis is most closely related to the modern diagnosis, childhood disintegrative disorder. We translate Heller's paper, Über Dementia Infantilis, and discuss similarities in presentation between Heller's cases, and a group of children with childhood disintegrative disorder. In particular we discuss a prodromal period of affective dysregulation described by Heller, and also evident in our sample, but not previously described in any detail since the publication of Über Dementia Infantilis.

Maximum range of a projectile launched from a height h: a non-calculus treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganci, S.; Lagomarsino, D.

2014-07-01

The classical example of problem solving, maximizing the range of a projectile launched from height h with velocity v over the ground level, has received various solutions. In some of these, one can find the maximization of the range R by differentiating R as a function of an independent variable or through the implicit differentiation in Cartesian or polar coordinates. In other papers, various elegant non-calculus solutions can be found. In this paper, this problem is revisited on the basis of the elementary analytical geometry and the trigonometry only.

Fermi problem in disordered systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menezes, G.; Svaiter, N. F.; de Mello, H. R.; Zarro, C. A. D.

2017-10-01

We revisit the Fermi two-atom problem in the framework of disordered systems. In our model, we consider a two-qubit system linearly coupled with a quantum massless scalar field. We analyze the energy transfer between the qubits under different experimental perspectives. In addition, we assume that the coefficients of the Klein-Gordon equation are random functions of the spatial coordinates. The disordered medium is modeled by a centered, stationary, and Gaussian process. We demonstrate that the classical notion of causality emerges only in the wave zone in the presence of random fluctuations of the light cone. Possible repercussions are discussed.

Hong-Ou-Mandel effect in terms of the temporal biphoton wave function with two arrival-time variables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fedorov, M. V.; Sysoeva, A. A.; Vintskevich, S. V.; Grigoriev, D. A.

2018-03-01

The well-known Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is revisited. Two physical reasons are discussed for the effect to be less pronounced or even to disappear: differing polarizations of photons coming to the beamsplitter and delay time of photons in one of two channels. For the latter we use the concepts of biphoton frequency and temporal wave functions depending, correspondingly, on two frequency continuous variables of photons and on two time variables t 1 and t 2 interpreted as the arrival times of photons to the beamsplitter. Explicit expressions are found for the probability densities and total probabilities for photon pairs to be split between two channels after the beamsplitter and to be unsplit, when two photons appear together in one of two channels.

Questioning the cerebellar doctrine.

PubMed

Galliano, Elisa; De Zeeuw, Chris I

2014-01-01

The basic principles of cerebellar function were originally described by Flourens, Cajal, and Marr/Albus/Ito, and they constitute the pillars of what can be considered to be the classic cerebellar doctrine. In their concepts, the main cerebellar function is to control motor behavior, Purkinje cells are the only cortical neuron receiving and integrating inputs from climbing fiber and mossy-parallel fiber pathways, and plastic modification at the parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells constitutes the substrate of motor learning. Yet, because of recent technical advances and new angles of investigation, all pillars of the cerebellar doctrine now face regular re-examination. In this review, after summarizing the classic concepts and recent disputes, we attempt to synthesize an integrated view and propose a revisited version of the cerebellar doctrine. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Broadband changes in the cortical surface potential track activation of functionally diverse neuronal populations

PubMed Central

Miller, Kai J; Honey, Christopher J; Hermes, Dora; Rao, Rajesh PN; denNijs, Marcel; Ojemann, Jeffrey G

2013-01-01

We illustrate a general principal of electrical potential measurements from the surface of the cerebral cortex, by revisiting and reanalyzing experimental work from the visual, language and motor systems. A naïve decomposition technique of electrocorticographic power spectral measurements reveals that broadband spectral changes reliably track task engagement. These broadband changes are shown to be a generic correlate of local cortical function across a variety of brain areas and behavioral tasks. Furthermore, they fit a power-law form that is consistent with simple models of the dendritic integration of asynchronous local population firing. Because broadband spectral changes covary with diverse perceptual and behavioral states on the timescale of 20–50ms, they provide a powerful and widely applicable experimental tool. PMID:24018305

Revisiting the body-schema concept in the context of whole-body postural-focal dynamics.

PubMed

Morasso, Pietro; Casadio, Maura; Mohan, Vishwanathan; Rea, Francesco; Zenzeri, Jacopo

2015-01-01

The body-schema concept is revisited in the context of embodied cognition, further developing the theory formulated by Marc Jeannerod that the motor system is part of a simulation network related to action, whose function is not only to shape the motor system for preparing an action (either overt or covert) but also to provide the self with information on the feasibility and the meaning of potential actions. The proposed computational formulation is based on a dynamical system approach, which is linked to an extension of the equilibrium-point hypothesis, called Passive Motor Paradigm: this dynamical system generates goal-oriented, spatio-temporal, sensorimotor patterns, integrating a direct and inverse internal model in a multi-referential framework. The purpose of such computational model is to operate at the same time as a general synergy formation machinery for planning whole-body actions in humanoid robots and/or for predicting coordinated sensory-motor patterns in human movements. In order to illustrate the computational approach, the integration of simultaneous, even partially conflicting tasks will be analyzed in some detail with regard to postural-focal dynamics, which can be defined as the fusion of a focal task, namely reaching a target with the whole-body, and a postural task, namely maintaining overall stability.

Thymic emigration revisited

PubMed Central

McCaughtry, Tom M.; Wilken, Matthew S.; Hogquist, Kristin A.

2007-01-01

Conventional αβ T cell precursors undergo positive selection in the thymic cortex. When this is successful, they migrate to the medulla and are exposed to tissue-specific antigens (TSA) for purposes of central tolerance, and they undergo maturation to become functionally responsive T cells. It is commonly understood that thymocytes spend up to 2 wk in the medulla undergoing these final maturation steps before emigrating to peripheral lymphoid tissues. In addition, emigration is thought to occur via a stochastic mechanism whereby some progenitors leave early and others leave late—a so-called “lucky dip” process. However, recent research has revealed that medullary thymocytes are a heterogeneous mix of naive αβ T cell precursors, memory T cells, natural killer T cells, and regulatory T cells. Given this, we revisited the question of how long it takes naive αβ T cell precursors to emigrate. We combined the following three approaches to study this question: BrdU labeling, intrathymic injection of a cellular tag, and RAG2p-GFP reporter mice. We established that, on average, naive αβ T cell precursors emigrate only 4–5 d after becoming single-positive (SP) thymocytes. Furthermore, emigration occurs via a strict “conveyor belt” mechanism, where the oldest thymocytes leave first. PMID:17908937

Revisiting the Body-Schema Concept in the Context of Whole-Body Postural-Focal Dynamics

PubMed Central

Morasso, Pietro; Casadio, Maura; Mohan, Vishwanathan; Rea, Francesco; Zenzeri, Jacopo

2015-01-01

The body-schema concept is revisited in the context of embodied cognition, further developing the theory formulated by Marc Jeannerod that the motor system is part of a simulation network related to action, whose function is not only to shape the motor system for preparing an action (either overt or covert) but also to provide the self with information on the feasibility and the meaning of potential actions. The proposed computational formulation is based on a dynamical system approach, which is linked to an extension of the equilibrium-point hypothesis, called Passive Motor Paradigm: this dynamical system generates goal-oriented, spatio-temporal, sensorimotor patterns, integrating a direct and inverse internal model in a multi-referential framework. The purpose of such computational model is to operate at the same time as a general synergy formation machinery for planning whole-body actions in humanoid robots and/or for predicting coordinated sensory–motor patterns in human movements. In order to illustrate the computational approach, the integration of simultaneous, even partially conflicting tasks will be analyzed in some detail with regard to postural-focal dynamics, which can be defined as the fusion of a focal task, namely reaching a target with the whole-body, and a postural task, namely maintaining overall stability. PMID:25741274

Microcanonical entropy for classical systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franzosi, Roberto

2018-03-01

The entropy definition in the microcanonical ensemble is revisited. We propose a novel definition for the microcanonical entropy that resolve the debate on the correct definition of the microcanonical entropy. In particular we show that this entropy definition fixes the problem inherent the exact extensivity of the caloric equation. Furthermore, this entropy reproduces results which are in agreement with the ones predicted with standard Boltzmann entropy when applied to macroscopic systems. On the contrary, the predictions obtained with the standard Boltzmann entropy and with the entropy we propose, are different for small system sizes. Thus, we conclude that the Boltzmann entropy provides a correct description for macroscopic systems whereas extremely small systems should be better described with the entropy that we propose here.

VLT/I Instrumentation: Lessons Learned FORUM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monnet, G.; Bacon, R.

2003-09-01

This paper is the result of a joint effort by ESO and its Scientific and Technical Committee (STC) to extract the main lessons from last April's 'VLT/VLTI Instrumentation: Lessons learned' Forum and start applying them, in particular in the framework of the development of second generation VLT -and soon VLTI- instruments. This is but one step in a continuing effort to optimize these complex and challenging developments which involve a significant fraction of Europe's astronomical instrument builders in the near-UV to mid-IR range. With a major effort in the European radio community to build multiple receiver systems for ALMA now being pursued at an accelerated pace, it was also vital to revisit very quickly our whole procurement strategy in this area.

Reexamining the iconic dihadron correlation measurement demonstrating jet quenching

DOE PAGES

Nattrass, Christine

2018-03-28

We report that early measurements at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) demonstrated jet quenching through the suppression of pairs of high momentum hadrons. These dihadron correlations have a large correlated background. As understanding of the background improved, it was recognized in the field that a significant term was omitted from the background and several dihadron correlation results were quantitatively and qualitatively incorrect. The original measurements demonstrating jet quenching have not been revisited. These measurements are repeated in this paper in a kinematic range similar to the original measurement using publicly available data, applying current knowledge about the background.more » Finally, the new results are qualitatively consistent with the previous results, demonstrating complete suppression of the away side within uncertainties.« less

Fermion number of twisted kinks in the NJL2 model revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thies, Michael

2018-03-01

As a consequence of axial current conservation, fermions cannot be bound in localized lumps in the massless Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. In the case of twisted kinks, this manifests itself in a cancellation between the valence fermion density and the fermion density induced in the Dirac sea. To attribute the correct fermion number to these bound states requires an infrared regularization. Recently, this has been achieved by introducing a bare fermion mass, at least in the nonrelativistic regime of small twist angles and fermion numbers. Here, we propose a simpler regularization using a finite box which preserves integrability and can be applied at any twist angle. A consistent and physically plausible assignment of fermion number to all twisted kinks emerges.

Charged particle tracking without magnetic field: Optimal measurement of track momentum by a Bayesian analysis of the multiple measurements of deflections due to multiple scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frosini, Mikael; Bernard, Denis

2017-09-01

We revisit the precision of the measurement of track parameters (position, angle) with optimal methods in the presence of detector resolution, multiple scattering and zero magnetic field. We then obtain an optimal estimator of the track momentum by a Bayesian analysis of the filtering innovations of a series of Kalman filters applied to the track. This work could pave the way to the development of autonomous high-performance gas time-projection chambers (TPC) or silicon wafer γ-ray space telescopes and be a powerful guide in the optimization of the design of the multi-kilo-ton liquid argon TPCs that are under development for neutrino studies.

Motif-based success scores in coauthorship networks are highly sensitive to author name disambiguation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klosik, David F.; Bornholdt, Stefan; Hütt, Marc-Thorsten

2014-09-01

Following the work of Krumov et al. [Eur. Phys. J. B 84, 535 (2011), 10.1140/epjb/e2011-10746-5] we revisit the question whether the usage of large citation datasets allows for the quantitative assessment of social (by means of coauthorship of publications) influence on the progression of science. Applying a more comprehensive and well-curated dataset containing the publications in the journals of the American Physical Society during the whole 20th century we find that the measure chosen in the original study, a score based on small induced subgraphs, has to be used with caution, since the obtained results are highly sensitive to the exact implementation of the author disambiguation task.

Report on the ESO Workshop ''Astronomy at High Angular Resolution''

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boffin, H.; Schmidtobreick, L.; Hussain, G.; Berger, J.-Ph.

2015-03-01

A workshop took place in Brussels in 2000 on astrotomography, a generic term for indirect mapping techniques that can be applied to a huge variety of astrophysical systems, ranging from planets, single stars and binaries to active galactic nuclei. It appeared to be timely to revisit the topic given the many past, recent and forthcoming improvements in telescopes and instrumentation. We therefore decided to repeat the astrotomography workshop, but to put it into the much broader context of high angular resolution astronomy. Many techniques, from lucky and speckle imaging, adaptive optics to interferometry, are now widely employed to achieve high angular resolution and they have led to an amazing number of new discoveries. A summary of the workshop themes is presented.

Reexamining the iconic dihadron correlation measurement demonstrating jet quenching

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nattrass, Christine

We report that early measurements at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) demonstrated jet quenching through the suppression of pairs of high momentum hadrons. These dihadron correlations have a large correlated background. As understanding of the background improved, it was recognized in the field that a significant term was omitted from the background and several dihadron correlation results were quantitatively and qualitatively incorrect. The original measurements demonstrating jet quenching have not been revisited. These measurements are repeated in this paper in a kinematic range similar to the original measurement using publicly available data, applying current knowledge about the background.more » Finally, the new results are qualitatively consistent with the previous results, demonstrating complete suppression of the away side within uncertainties.« less

Revisiting the ADT mass of the five-dimensional rotating black holes with squashed horizons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Jun-Jin

2017-10-01

We evaluate the Abbott-Deser-Tekin (ADT) mass of the five-dimensional rotating black holes with squashed horizons on two different on-shell reference backgrounds, which are the flat background and the boundary matched Kaluza-Klein (KK) monopole. The mass on the former, identified with the one on the background of the asymptotic geometry, differs from the mass on the latter by that of the KK monopole. However, each mass satisfies the first law of black hole thermodynamics. To test the results in five dimensions, we compute the mass in the context of the dimensionally reduced theory. Finally, in contrast with the original ADT formulation, its off-shell generalisation is applied to calculate the mass as well.

Dimensional scaling for impact cratering and perforation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watts, Alan J.; Atkinson, Dale

1995-01-01

POD Associates have revisited the issue of generic scaling laws able to adequately predict (within better than 20 percent) cratering in semi-infinite targets and perforations through finite thickness targets. The approach used was to apply physical logic for hydrodynamics in a consistent manner able to account for chunky-body impacts such that the only variables needed are those directly related to known material properties for both the impactor and target. The analyses were compared and verified versus CTH hydrodynamic code calculations and existing data. Comparisons with previous scaling laws were also performed to identify which (if any) were good for generic purposes. This paper is a short synopsis of the full report available through the NASA Langley Research Center, LDEF Science Office.

Characterization of stickiness by means of recurrence.

PubMed

Zou, Yong; Thiel, Marco; Romano, M Carmen; Kurths, Jürgen

2007-12-01

We propose recurrence plots (RPs) to characterize the stickiness of a typical area-preserving map with coexisting chaotic and regular orbits. The difference of the recurrence properties between quasiperiodic and chaotic orbits is revisited, which helps to understand the complex patterns of the corresponding RPs. Moreover, several measures from the recurrence quantification analysis are used to quantify these patterns. Among these measures, the recurrence rate, quantifying the percentage of black points in the plot, is applied to characterize the stickiness of a typical chaotic orbit. The advantage of the recurrence based method in comparison to other standard techniques is that it is possible to distinguish between quasiperiodic and chaotic orbits that are temporarily trapped in a sticky domain, from very short trajectories.

Coherently coupling distinct spin ensembles through a high critical temperature superconducting resonator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghirri, Alberto; Bonizzoni, Claudio; Troiani, Filippo; Affronte, Marco

The problem of coupling remote ensembles of two-level systems through cavity photons is revisited by using molecular spin centers and a high critical temperature superconducting coplanar resonator. By using PyBTM organic radicals, we achieved the strong coupling regime with values of the cooperativity reaching 4300 at 2 K. We show that up to three distinct spin ensembles are simultaneously coupled through the resonator mode. The ensembles are made physically distinguishable by chemically varying the g-factor and by exploiting the inhomogeneities of the applied magnetic field. The coherent mixing of the spin and field modes is demonstrated by the observed multiple anticrossing, along with the simulations performed within the input-output formalism, and quantified by suitable entropic measures.

Should the recommended number of IUD revisits be reduced?

PubMed

Janowitz, B; Hubacher, D; Petrick, T; Dighe, N

1994-01-01

This study uses data from clinical trials of intrauterine devices to examine the effect of reducing the recommended number of IUD follow-up visits. Over 11,000 follow-up forms were analyzed to estimate the number of health problems that would have escaped detection if women with no or mild symptoms had not made recommended revisits. Less than one percent of woman-visits with no or only mild symptoms had an underlying health risk that could have gone undetected if the follow-up visits that were made in the clinic trial setting had not been made. The results from this analysis suggest that a reduction in the number of recommended follow-up visits is safe, when measured according to selected conditions. Additional research is necessary to determine whether any revisits should be recommended in the absence of signs or symptoms.

Scalar relativistic computations of nuclear magnetic shielding and g-shifts with the zeroth-order regular approximation and range-separated hybrid density functionals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aquino, Fredy W.; Govind, Niranjan; Autschbach, Jochen

2011-10-01

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of NMR chemical shifts and molecular g-tensors with Gaussian-type orbitals are implemented via second-order energy derivatives within the scalar relativistic zeroth order regular approximation (ZORA) framework. Nonhybrid functionals, standard (global) hybrids, and range-separated (Coulomb-attenuated, long-range corrected) hybrid functionals are tested. Origin invariance of the results is ensured by use of gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) basis functions. The new implementation in the NWChem quantum chemistry package is verified by calculations of nuclear shielding constants for the heavy atoms in HX (X=F, Cl, Br, I, At) and H2X (X = O, S, Se, Te, Po), and Temore » chemical shifts in a number of tellurium compounds. The basis set and functional dependence of g-shifts is investigated for 14 radicals with light and heavy atoms. The problem of accurately predicting F NMR shielding in UF6-nCln, n = 1 to 6, is revisited. The results are sensitive to approximations in the density functionals, indicating a delicate balance of DFT self-interaction vs. correlation. For the uranium halides, the results with the range-separated functionals are mixed.« less

The idea of uniform change: is it time to revisit a central tenet of Rose's "Strategy of Preventive Medicine"?

PubMed

Razak, Fahad; Davey Smith, George; Subramanian, S V

2016-12-01

A mean-centric view of populations, whereby a change in the mean of a health variable at the population level is assumed to result in uniform change across the distribution, is a core component of Geoffrey Rose's concept of the "population strategy" to disease prevention. This idea also has a critical role in Rose's observation that individuals who are considered abnormal or sick (the rightward tail of the distribution) and those who are considered normal (the center) are very closely related, and that true preventive medicine must focus on shifting the normal or average. In this Perspective, we revisit these core tenets of Rose's concept of preventive medicine after providing an overview of the key concepts that he developed. We examine whether these assumptions apply to population changes in body mass index (BMI) and show that there is considerable evidence of a widening of the BMI distribution in populations over time. We argue that, with respect to BMI, the idea of using statistical measures of a population solely on the basis of means and the assumption that populations are coherent entities that change uniformly over time may not fully capture the true nature of changes in the population. These issues have important implications for how we assess and interpret the health of populations over time with implications for the balance between universal and targeted strategies aimed at improving health. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.

Hydrodynamic limit of Wigner-Poisson kinetic theory: Revisited

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akbari-Moghanjoughi, M.; International Centre for Advanced Studies in Physical Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum

2015-02-15

In this paper, we revisit the hydrodynamic limit of the Langmuir wave dispersion relation based on the Wigner-Poisson model in connection with that obtained directly from the original Lindhard dielectric function based on the random-phase-approximation. It is observed that the (fourth-order) expansion of the exact Lindhard dielectric constant correctly reduces to the hydrodynamic dispersion relation with an additional term of fourth-order, beside that caused by the quantum diffraction effect. It is also revealed that the generalized Lindhard dielectric theory accounts for the recently discovered Shukla-Eliasson attractive potential (SEAP). However, the expansion of the exact Lindhard static dielectric function leads tomore » a k{sup 4} term of different magnitude than that obtained from the linearized quantum hydrodynamics model. It is shown that a correction factor of 1/9 should be included in the term arising from the quantum Bohm potential of the momentum balance equation in fluid model in order for a correct plasma dielectric response treatment. Finally, it is observed that the long-range oscillatory screening potential (Friedel oscillations) of type cos(2k{sub F}r)/r{sup 3}, which is a consequence of the divergence of the dielectric function at point k = 2k{sub F} in a quantum plasma, arises due to the finiteness of the Fermi-wavenumber and is smeared out in the limit of very high electron number-densities, typical of white dwarfs and neutron stars. In the very low electron number-density regime, typical of semiconductors and metals, where the Friedel oscillation wavelength becomes much larger compared to the interparticle distances, the SEAP appears with a much deeper potential valley. It is remarked that the fourth-order approximate Lindhard dielectric constant approaches that of the linearized quantum hydrodynamic in the limit if very high electron number-density. By evaluation of the imaginary part of the Lindhard dielectric function, it is shown that the Landau-damping region in ω-k plane increases dramatically by increase of the electron number-density.« less

An attempt to conceptualize the individual onco-functional balance: Why a standardized treatment is an illusion for diffuse low-grade glioma patients.

PubMed

Mandonnet, Emmanuel; Duffau, Hugues

2018-02-01

In the era of evidence-based medicine, clinicians aim to establish standards of care from randomized studies. Following, personalized medicine has emerged, as new individualized biomarkers could help to predict sensitivity to specific treatment. In this paper, we show that, for diffuse low-grade glioma, some specificities - dual goal of both survival and functional gain, long duration of the disease with multistep treatments, multiparametric evaluation of the onco-functional balance of each treatment modality - call for a change of paradigm. After summarizing how to weight the benefits and risks of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we show that the overall efficacy of a treatment modality cannot be assessed per se, as it depends on its integration in the whole sequence. Then, we revisit the notion of personalized medicine: instead of decision-making based solely on molecular profile, we plead for a recursive algorithm, allowing a dynamic evaluation of the onco-functional balance, integrating many individual characteristics of the patient's tumor and brain function. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Revisiting the concept of malnutrition in older people.

PubMed

Chen, Cheryl Chia-Hui; Bai, Ya-Ying; Huang, Guan-Hua; Tang, Siew Tzuh

2007-11-01

The aim of this study is to revisit the concept of malnutrition in older people, trace the new development and test the use of refined framework with empirical data. Malnutrition in older people is a common and significant problem worldwide. Continuing Chen's earlier work in 2001, a refinement was conducted and a prospective study was designed to test the use of this refined framework. A cohort study of 114 hospitalized older patients in Northern Taiwan. The sample consists of 114 older patients aged 65 years and older, who were admitted for the cardiac and orthopaedic services at a tertiary 2300-bed hospital. From March to August 2004, assessed by one trained nurse, participants completed a structured face-to-face interview evaluating their age, visual/hearing impairments, oral health, cognitive status, comorbidities, medication use, social economic status, functional status, social support, depressive symptoms and nutritional status within 48 hours of admission. Participants who stayed >5 days were reassessed before discharge (n = 70). The data from admission were the main focus of this report. Regression analysis revealed that that more medication taken, female gender, lower functional status (beta = 0.34, P < 0.001) and higher depressive symptoms were independent predictors of poor nutritional status, with the full model accounting for 48.2% of the variance. The result is in-line with the original theoretical underpinnings and it suggests that this refined framework detailing sub-concepts and measurable indices appears to fit the empirical data and suitable for clinical use. The findings lend support to the use of this framework in managing malnutrition in older people. Nurses have an essential role in providing care for older people a framework like this would provide a road map guiding the intervention efforts.

Small-World Brain Networks Revisited

PubMed Central

Bassett, Danielle S.; Bullmore, Edward T.

2016-01-01

It is nearly 20 years since the concept of a small-world network was first quantitatively defined, by a combination of high clustering and short path length; and about 10 years since this metric of complex network topology began to be widely applied to analysis of neuroimaging and other neuroscience data as part of the rapid growth of the new field of connectomics. Here, we review briefly the foundational concepts of graph theoretical estimation and generation of small-world networks. We take stock of some of the key developments in the field in the past decade and we consider in some detail the implications of recent studies using high-resolution tract-tracing methods to map the anatomical networks of the macaque and the mouse. In doing so, we draw attention to the important methodological distinction between topological analysis of binary or unweighted graphs, which have provided a popular but simple approach to brain network analysis in the past, and the topology of weighted graphs, which retain more biologically relevant information and are more appropriate to the increasingly sophisticated data on brain connectivity emerging from contemporary tract-tracing and other imaging studies. We conclude by highlighting some possible future trends in the further development of weighted small-worldness as part of a deeper and broader understanding of the topology and the functional value of the strong and weak links between areas of mammalian cortex. PMID:27655008

Permanent Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Salt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, F. D.

2016-12-01

Salt formations hold promise for eternal removal of nuclear waste from our biosphere. Germany and the United States have ample salt formations for this purpose, ranging from flat-bedded formations to geologically mature dome structures. Both nations are revisiting nuclear waste disposal options, accompanied by extensive collaboration on applied salt repository research, design, and operation. Salt formations provide isolation while geotechnical barriers reestablish impermeability after waste is placed in the geology. Between excavation and closure, physical, mechanical, thermal, chemical, and hydrological processes ensue. Salt response over a range of stress and temperature has been characterized for decades. Research practices employ refined test techniques and controls, which improve parameter assessment for features of the constitutive models. Extraordinary computational capabilities require exacting understanding of laboratory measurements and objective interpretation of modeling results. A repository for heat-generative nuclear waste provides an engineering challenge beyond common experience. Long-term evolution of the underground setting is precluded from direct observation or measurement. Therefore, analogues and modeling predictions are necessary to establish enduring safety functions. A strong case for granular salt reconsolidation and a focused research agenda support salt repository concepts that include safety-by-design. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Author: F. D. Hansen, Sandia National Laboratories

Generative models for clinical applications in computational psychiatry.

PubMed

Frässle, Stefan; Yao, Yu; Schöbi, Dario; Aponte, Eduardo A; Heinzle, Jakob; Stephan, Klaas E

2018-05-01

Despite the success of modern neuroimaging techniques in furthering our understanding of cognitive and pathophysiological processes, translation of these advances into clinically relevant tools has been virtually absent until now. Neuromodeling represents a powerful framework for overcoming this translational deadlock, and the development of computational models to solve clinical problems has become a major scientific goal over the last decade, as reflected by the emergence of clinically oriented neuromodeling fields like Computational Psychiatry, Computational Neurology, and Computational Psychosomatics. Generative models of brain physiology and connectivity in the human brain play a key role in this endeavor, striving for computational assays that can be applied to neuroimaging data from individual patients for differential diagnosis and treatment prediction. In this review, we focus on dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and its use for Computational Psychiatry. DCM is a widely used generative modeling framework for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magneto-/electroencephalography (M/EEG) data. This article reviews the basic concepts of DCM, revisits examples where it has proven valuable for addressing clinically relevant questions, and critically discusses methodological challenges and recent methodological advances. We conclude this review with a more general discussion of the promises and pitfalls of generative models in Computational Psychiatry and highlight the path that lies ahead of us. This article is categorized under: Neuroscience > Computation Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Improving the prospects of cleavage-based nanopore sequencing engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brady, Kyle T.; Reiner, Joseph E.

2015-08-01

Recently proposed methods for DNA sequencing involve the use of cleavage-based enzymes attached to the opening of a nanopore. The idea is that DNA interacting with either an exonuclease or polymerase protein will lead to a small molecule being cleaved near the mouth of the nanopore, and subsequent entry into the pore will yield information about the DNA sequence. The prospects for this approach seem promising, but it has been shown that diffusion related effects impose a limit on the capture probability of molecules by the pore, which limits the efficacy of the technique. Here, we revisit the problem with the goal of optimizing the capture probability via a step decrease in the nucleotide diffusion coefficient between the pore and bulk solutions. It is shown through random walk simulations and a simplified analytical model that decreasing the molecule's diffusion coefficient in the bulk relative to its value in the pore increases the nucleotide capture probability. Specifically, we show that at sufficiently high applied transmembrane potentials (≥100 mV), increasing the potential by a factor f is equivalent to decreasing the diffusion coefficient ratio Dbulk/Dpore by the same factor f. This suggests a promising route toward implementation of cleavage-based sequencing protocols. We also discuss the feasibility of forming a step function in the diffusion coefficient across the pore-bulk interface.

Nuclear Ensemble Approach with Importance Sampling.

PubMed

Kossoski, Fábris; Barbatti, Mario

2018-06-12

We show that the importance sampling technique can effectively augment the range of problems where the nuclear ensemble approach can be applied. A sampling probability distribution function initially determines the collection of initial conditions for which calculations are performed, as usual. Then, results for a distinct target distribution are computed by introducing compensating importance sampling weights for each sampled point. This mapping between the two probability distributions can be performed whenever they are both explicitly constructed. Perhaps most notably, this procedure allows for the computation of temperature dependent observables. As a test case, we investigated the UV absorption spectra of phenol, which has been shown to have a marked temperature dependence. Application of the proposed technique to a range that covers 500 K provides results that converge to those obtained with conventional sampling. We further show that an overall improved rate of convergence is obtained when sampling is performed at intermediate temperatures. The comparison between calculated and the available measured cross sections is very satisfactory, as the main features of the spectra are correctly reproduced. As a second test case, one of Tully's classical models was revisited, and we show that the computation of dynamical observables also profits from the importance sampling technique. In summary, the strategy developed here can be employed to assess the role of temperature for any property calculated within the nuclear ensemble method, with the same computational cost as doing so for a single temperature.

Identify source location and release time for pollutants undergoing super-diffusion and decay: Parameter analysis and model evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yong; Sun, HongGuang; Lu, Bingqing; Garrard, Rhiannon; Neupauer, Roseanna M.

2017-09-01

Backward models have been applied for four decades by hydrologists to identify the source of pollutants undergoing Fickian diffusion, while analytical tools are not available for source identification of super-diffusive pollutants undergoing decay. This technical note evaluates analytical solutions for the source location and release time of a decaying contaminant undergoing super-diffusion using backward probability density functions (PDFs), where the forward model is the space fractional advection-dispersion equation with decay. Revisit of the well-known MADE-2 tracer test using parameter analysis shows that the peak backward location PDF can predict the tritium source location, while the peak backward travel time PDF underestimates the tracer release time due to the early arrival of tracer particles at the detection well in the maximally skewed, super-diffusive transport. In addition, the first-order decay adds additional skewness toward earlier arrival times in backward travel time PDFs, resulting in a younger release time, although this impact is minimized at the MADE-2 site due to tritium's half-life being relatively longer than the monitoring period. The main conclusion is that, while non-trivial backward techniques are required to identify pollutant source location, the pollutant release time can and should be directly estimated given the speed of the peak resident concentration for super-diffusive pollutants with or without decay.

Strength functions, entropies, and duality in weakly to strongly interacting fermionic systems.

PubMed

Angom, D; Ghosh, S; Kota, V K B

2004-01-01

We revisit statistical wave function properties of finite systems of interacting fermions in the light of strength functions and their participation ratio and information entropy. For weakly interacting fermions in a mean-field with random two-body interactions of increasing strength lambda, the strength functions F(k) (E) are well known to change, in the regime where level fluctuations follow Wigner's surmise, from Breit-Wigner to Gaussian form. We propose an ansatz for the function describing this transition which we use to investigate the participation ratio xi(2) and the information entropy S(info) during this crossover, thereby extending the known behavior valid in the Gaussian domain into much of the Breit-Wigner domain. Our method also allows us to derive the scaling law lambda(d) approximately 1/sqrt[m] ( m is number of fermions) for the duality point lambda= lambda(d), where F(k) (E), xi(2), and S(info) in both the weak ( lambda=0 ) and strong mixing ( lambda= infinity ) basis coincide. As an application, the ansatz function for strength functions is used in describing the Breit-Wigner to Gaussian transition seen in neutral atoms CeI to SmI with valence electrons changing from 4 to 8.

Climatology and trend of wind power resources in China and its surrounding regions: a revisit using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data

Treesearch

Lejiang Yu; Shiyuan Zhong; Xindi Bian; Warren E. Heilman

2015-01-01

The mean climatology, seasonal and interannual variability and trend of wind speeds at the hub height (80 m) of modern wind turbines over China and its surrounding regions are revisited using 33-year (1979–2011) wind data from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) that has many improvements including higher spatial resolution over previous global reanalysis...

Testing Transitivity and Related Axioms of Preference for Individuals and Small Groups

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

ABSTRACT This project has been completed. The original aim was to revisit transitivity of preference in individuals and small groups. For individual...Michel Regenwetter University of Illinois September 2008 Status of Effort. This project has been completed. The original aim was to revisit...referees and the action editor. A summary of the paper follows below, and a copy of the original submission to Psychological Review is attached at the

Towards SWOT data assimilation for hydrology : automatic calibration of global flow routing model parameters in the Amazon basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mouffe, M.; Getirana, A.; Ricci, S. M.; Lion, C.; Biancamaria, S.; Boone, A.; Mognard, N. M.; Rogel, P.

2011-12-01

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission is a swath mapping radar interferometer that will provide global measurements of water surface elevation (WSE). The revisit time depends upon latitude and varies from two (low latitudes) to ten (high latitudes) per 22-day orbit repeat period. The high resolution and the global coverage of the SWOT data open the way for new hydrology studies. Here, the aim is to investigate the use of virtually generated SWOT data to improve discharge simulation using data assimilation techniques. In the framework of the SWOT virtual mission (VM), this study presents the first results of the automatic calibration of a global flow routing (GFR) scheme using SWOT VM measurements for the Amazon basin. The Hydrological Modeling and Analysis Platform (HyMAP) is used along with the MOCOM-UA multi-criteria global optimization algorithm. HyMAP has a 0.25-degree spatial resolution and runs at the daily time step to simulate discharge, water levels and floodplains. The surface runoff and baseflow drainage derived from the Interactions Sol-Biosphère-Atmosphère (ISBA) model are used as inputs for HyMAP. Previous works showed that the use of ENVISAT data enables the reduction of the uncertainty on some of the hydrological model parameters, such as river width and depth, Manning roughness coefficient and groundwater time delay. In the framework of the SWOT preparation work, the automatic calibration procedure was applied using SWOT VM measurements. For this Observing System Experiment (OSE), the synthetical data were obtained applying an instrument simulator (representing realistic SWOT errors) for one hydrological year to HYMAP simulated WSE using a "true" set of parameters. Only pixels representing rivers larger than 100 meters within the Amazon basin are considered to produce SWOT VM measurements. The automatic calibration procedure leads to the estimation of optimal parametersminimizing objective functions that formulate the difference between SWOT observations and modeled WSE using a perturbed set of parameters. Different formulations of the objective function were used, especially to account for SWOT observation errors, as well as various sets of calibration parameters.

Homeosis and beyond. What is the function of the Hox genes?

PubMed

Deutsch, Jean S

2010-01-01

What is the function of the Hox genes? At first glance, it is a curious question. Indeed, the answer seems so obvious that several authors have spoken of 'the Hox function' about some of the Hox genes, namely Hox3/zen and Hox6/ftz that seem to have lost it during the evolution of Arthropods. What these authors meant is that these genes have lost their 'homeotic' function. Indeed, 'homeotic' refers to a functional property that is so often associated with the Hox genes. However, the word 'Hox' should not be used to refer to a function, but to a group of genes. The above examples of Hox3/zen (see Schmitt-Ott's chapter, this book) and Hox6/ftz show that the homeotic function may be not so tightly linked to the Hox genes. Reversely, many genes, not belonging to the Hox group, do present a homeotic function. In the present chapter, I will first give a definition of the Hox genes. I will then ask what is the 'function' of a gene, examining its various meanings at different levels of biological organization. I will review and revisit the relation between the Hox genes and homeosis. I will suggest that their morphological homeotic function has been secondarily derived during the evolution of the Bilateria.

Retired A Stars Revisited: An Updated Giant Planet Occurrence Rate as a Function of Stellar Metallicity and Mass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghezzi, Luan; Montet, Benjamin T.; Johnson, John Asher

2018-06-01

Exoplanet surveys of evolved stars have provided increasing evidence that the formation of giant planets depends not only on stellar metallicity ([Fe/H]) but also on the mass ({M}\\star ). However, measuring accurate masses for subgiants and giants is far more challenging than it is for their main-sequence counterparts, which has led to recent concerns regarding the veracity of the correlation between stellar mass and planet occurrence. In order to address these concerns, we use HIRES spectra to perform a spectroscopic analysis on a sample of 245 subgiants and derive new atmospheric and physical parameters. We also calculate the space velocities of this sample in a homogeneous manner for the first time. When reddening corrections are considered in the calculations of stellar masses and a ‑0.12 {M}ȯ offset is applied to the results, the masses of the subgiants are consistent with their space velocity distributions, contrary to claims in the literature. Similarly, our measurements of their rotational velocities provide additional confirmation that the masses of subgiants with {M}\\star ≥slant 1.6 M ⊙ (the “retired A stars”) have not been overestimated in previous analyses. Using these new results for our sample of evolved stars, together with an updated sample of FGKM dwarfs, we confirm that giant planet occurrence increases with both stellar mass and metallicity up to 2.0 M ⊙. We show that the probability of formation of a giant planet is approximately a one-to-one function of the total amount of metals in the protoplanetary disk {M}\\star {10}[{Fe/{{H}}]}. This correlation provides additional support for the core accretion mechanism of planet formation.

Revisiting the human uncinate fasciculus, its subcomponents and asymmetries with stem-based tractography and microdissection validation.

PubMed

Hau, Janice; Sarubbo, Silvio; Houde, Jean Christophe; Corsini, Francesco; Girard, Gabriel; Deledalle, Charles; Crivello, Fabrice; Zago, Laure; Mellet, Emmanuel; Jobard, Gaël; Joliot, Marc; Mazoyer, Bernard; Tzourio-Mazoyer, Nathalie; Descoteaux, Maxime; Petit, Laurent

2017-05-01

Despite its significant functional and clinical interest, the anatomy of the uncinate fasciculus (UF) has received little attention. It is known as a 'hook-shaped' fascicle connecting the frontal and anterior temporal lobes and is believed to consist of multiple subcomponents. However, the knowledge of its precise connectional anatomy in humans is lacking, and its subcomponent divisions are unclear. In the present study, we evaluate the anatomy of the UF and provide its detailed normative description in 30 healthy subjects with advanced particle-filtering tractography with anatomical priors and robustness to crossing fibers with constrained spherical deconvolution. We extracted the UF by defining its stem encompassing all streamlines that converge into a compact bundle, which consisted not only of the classic hook-shaped fibers, but also of straight horizontally oriented. We applied an automatic-clustering method to subdivide the UF bundle and revealed five subcomponents in each hemisphere with distinct connectivity profiles, including different asymmetries. A layer-by-layer microdissection of the ventral part of the external and extreme capsules using Klingler's preparation also demonstrated five types of uncinate fibers that, according to their pattern, depth, and cortical terminations, were consistent with the diffusion-based UF subcomponents. The present results shed new light on the UF cortical terminations and its multicomponent internal organization with extended cortical connections within the frontal and temporal cortices. The different lateralization patterns we report within the UF subcomponents reconcile the conflicting asymmetry findings of the literature. Such results clarifying the UF structural anatomy lay the groundwork for more targeted investigations of its functional role, especially in semantic language processing.

Superfluid response in heavy fermion superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhong, Yin; Zhang, Lan; Shao, Can; Luo, Hong-Gang

2017-10-01

Motivated by a recent London penetration depth measurement [H. Kim, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 027003 (2015)] and novel composite pairing scenario [O. Erten, R. Flint, and P. Coleman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 027002 (2015)] of the Yb-doped heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5, we revisit the issue of superfluid response in the microscopic heavy fermion lattice model. However, from the literature, an explicit expression for the superfluid response function in heavy fermion superconductors is rare. In this paper, we investigate the superfluid density response function in the celebrated Kondo-Heisenberg model. To be specific, we derive the corresponding formalism from an effective fermionic large- N mean-field pairing Hamiltonian whose pairing interaction is assumed to originate from the effective local antiferromagnetic exchange interaction. Interestingly, we find that the physically correct, temperature-dependent superfluid density formula can only be obtained if the external electromagnetic field is directly coupled to the heavy fermion quasi-particle rather than the bare conduction electron or local moment. Such a unique feature emphasizes the key role of the Kondo-screening-renormalized heavy quasi-particle for low-temperature/energy thermodynamics and transport behaviors. As an important application, the theoretical result is compared to an experimental measurement in heavy fermion superconductors CeCoIn5 and Yb-doped Ce1- x Yb x CoIn5 with fairly good agreement and the transition of the pairing symmetry in the latter material is explained as a simple doping effect. In addition, the requisite formalism for the commonly encountered nonmagnetic impurity and non-local electrodynamic effect are developed. Inspired by the success in explaining classic 115-series heavy fermion superconductors, we expect the present theory will be applied to understand other heavy fermion superconductors such as CeCu2Si2 and more generic multi-band superconductors.

Atomic Dynamics in Simple Liquid: de Gennes Narrowing Revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Bin; Iwashita, Takuya; Egami, Takeshi

2018-03-01

The de Gennes narrowing phenomenon is frequently observed by neutron or x -ray scattering measurements of the dynamics of complex systems, such as liquids, proteins, colloids, and polymers. The characteristic slowing down of dynamics in the vicinity of the maximum of the total scattering intensity is commonly attributed to enhanced cooperativity. In this Letter, we present an alternative view on its origin through the examination of the time-dependent pair correlation function, the van Hove correlation function, for a model liquid in two, three, and four dimensions. We find that the relaxation time increases monotonically with distance and the dependence on distance varies with dimension. We propose a heuristic explanation of this dependence based on a simple geometrical model. This finding sheds new light on the interpretation of the de Gennes narrowing phenomenon and the α -relaxation time.

Systems of frequency distributions for water and environmental engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Vijay P.

2018-09-01

A wide spectrum of frequency distributions are used in hydrologic, hydraulic, environmental and water resources engineering. These distributions may have different origins, are based on different hypotheses, and belong to different generating systems. Review of literature suggests that different systems of frequency distributions employed in science and engineering in general and environmental and water engineering in particular have been derived using different approaches which include (1) differential equations, (2) distribution elasticity, (3) genetic theory, (4) generating functions, (5) transformations, (6) Bessel function, (7) expansions, and (8) entropy maximization. This paper revisits these systems of distributions and discusses the hypotheses that are used for deriving these systems. It also proposes, based on empirical evidence, another general system of distributions and derives a number of distributions from this general system that are used in environmental and water engineering.

The enteral vs parenteral nutrition debate revisited.

PubMed

Thomson, Andrew

2008-01-01

Many trials and several meta-analyses have been devoted to comparing enteral with parenteral nutrition support. In this review, these studies are subjected to critical analysis with particular emphasis on their methodology and clinical relevance. Evidence is produced to suggest that the heterogeneous patient populations of the studies and the rigid approach taken to comparing different nutrition therapies inter alia render their conclusions highly questionable and of very doubtful clinical significance. An alternative approach to nutrition research is suggested in which strategies of nutrition support rather than fixed menus are compared. It is suggested that objective measures of intestinal function be evaluated more fully in patients requiring nonvolitional nutrition support, and these are briefly reviewed. In addition, a more scientific approach to evaluating the physiological effects of nutrition support, including chemical tagging and evaluation of muscle function, is recommended.

Revisiting the best interest standard: uses and misuses.

PubMed

Diekema, Douglas S

2011-01-01

The best interest standard is the threshold most frequently employed by physicians and ethics consultants in challenging a parent's refusal to provide consent for a child's medical care. In this article, I will argue that the best interest standard has evolved to serve two different functions, and that these functions differ sufficiently that they require separate standards. While the best interest standard is appropriate for choosing among alternative treatment options for children, making recommendations to parents, and making decisions on behalf of a child when the legal decision makers are either unable to make a decision or are in dispute, a different standard is required for deciding when to seek state interference with parental decision-making authority. I will suggest that the harm principle provides a more appropriate threshold for determining when to seek state intervention than the best interest standard.

Quantum critical point revisited by dynamical mean-field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Wenhu; Kotliar, Gabriel; Tsvelik, Alexei M.

2017-03-01

Dynamical mean-field theory is used to study the quantum critical point (QCP) in the doped Hubbard model on a square lattice. The QCP is characterized by a universal scaling form of the self-energy and a spin density wave instability at an incommensurate wave vector. The scaling form unifies the low-energy kink and the high-energy waterfall feature in the spectral function, while the spin dynamics includes both the critical incommensurate and high-energy antiferromagnetic paramagnons. We use the frequency-dependent four-point correlation function of spin operators to calculate the momentum-dependent correction to the electron self-energy. By comparing with the calculations based on the spin-fermion model, our results indicate the frequency dependence of the quasiparticle-paramagnon vertices is an important factor to capture the momentum dependence in quasiparticle scattering.

Isgur-Karl model revisited

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Galeta, Leonardo; Pirjol, Dan; Schat, Carlos

2009-12-01

We show how to match the Isgur-Karl model to the spin-flavor quark operator expansion used in the 1/N{sub c} studies of the nonstrange negative parity L=1 excited baryons. Using the transformation properties of states and interactions under the permutation group S{sub 3} we are able to express the operator coefficients as overlap integrals, without making any assumption on the spatial dependence of the quark wave functions. The general mass operator leads to parameter free mass relations and constraints on the mixing angles that are valid beyond the usual harmonic oscillator approximation. The Isgur-Karl model with harmonic oscillator wave functions providesmore » a simple counterexample that demonstrates explicitly that the alternative operator basis for the 1/N{sub c} expansion for excited baryons recently proposed by Matagne and Stancu is incomplete.« less

Quantum critical point revisited by dynamical mean-field theory

DOE PAGES

Xu, Wenhu; Kotliar, Gabriel; Tsvelik, Alexei M.

2017-03-31

Dynamical mean-field theory is used to study the quantum critical point (QCP) in the doped Hubbard model on a square lattice. We characterize the QCP by a universal scaling form of the self-energy and a spin density wave instability at an incommensurate wave vector. The scaling form unifies the low-energy kink and the high-energy waterfall feature in the spectral function, while the spin dynamics includes both the critical incommensurate and high-energy antiferromagnetic paramagnons. Here, we use the frequency-dependent four-point correlation function of spin operators to calculate the momentum-dependent correction to the electron self-energy. Furthermore, by comparing with the calculations basedmore » on the spin-fermion model, our results indicate the frequency dependence of the quasiparticle-paramagnon vertices is an important factor to capture the momentum dependence in quasiparticle scattering.« less