78 FR 50040 - Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) announces that on September 12, 2013, the CFTC's Technology Advisory...

78 FR 16663 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork...: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''), Attention: Gary J. Martinaitis, Division of Market...

17 CFR Appendix B to Part 43 - Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts Agriculture ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C Chicago Board of Trade Corn ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 ICE... Trade Soybean Oil ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 16 Chicago Board of Trade...

17 CFR 41.13 - Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Futures contracts on security... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Narrow-Based Security Indexes § 41.13 Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign...

Market Efficiency and the Risks and Returns of Dynamic Trading Strategies with Commodity Futures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Switzer, Lorne N.; Jiang, Hui

This paper investigates relationships between profits from dynamic trading strategies, risk premium, convenience yields, and net hedging pressures for commodity futures. As a market efficiency study, it crosses a number of disciplines, including traditional finance, behavioral finance, and behavioral psychology. The term structure of oil, gold, copper and soybeans futures markets contains predictive power for the corresponding term premium. However, only oil futures and soybean futures lead their spot premium. Significant momentum profits are identified in both outright futures and spread trading strategies when the spot premium and the term premium are used to form winner and loser portfolios. Profits from active strategies based on winner and loser portfolios are conditioned on market structure and net hedging pressure effects. Dynamic trading strategies based on contracts with extreme backwardation, extreme contango, and extreme hedging pressures are also tested. On average, spread trading outperforms outright futures trading in capturing the term structure risk and hedging pressure risk. For such strategies, long-short the long-term spread offers the greatest and most significant return and it offers the only exploitable trading profits built on the past hedging pressure. The existence of profits from active trading strategies based on winners is consistent with behavioral finance and behavioral psychology models in which market participants irrationally overreact to information and trends.

17 CFR 240.3a55-2 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 240.3a55-2 Section 240.3a55-2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. (a) An index on which a contract of sale for future delivery is trading on a designated contract market, registered derivatives transaction...

17 CFR 240.3a55-2 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 240.3a55-2 Section 240.3a55-2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. (a) An index on which a contract of sale for future delivery is trading on a designated contract market, registered derivatives transaction...

17 CFR 240.3a55-2 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 240.3a55-2 Section 240.3a55-2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. (a) An index on which a contract of sale for future delivery is trading on a designated contract market, registered derivatives transaction...

17 CFR 240.3a55-2 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 240.3a55-2 Section 240.3a55-2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. (a) An index on which a contract of sale for future delivery is trading on a designated contract market, registered derivatives transaction...

A Space Commodities Futures Trading Exchange to Grow the Lunar Economy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cahan, B. B. C.

2017-10-01

This paper proposes to establish a Space Commodities Futures Trading Exchange in order to define and trade essential commodities that, when traded on an open exchange, improve availability, quality, price discovery, financeability, and equal access.

17 CFR Appendix A to Part 151 - Spot-Month Position Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Referencedcontract spot- month limit Agricultural Referenced Contracts ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa 1,000 ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C 500 Chicago Board of Trade Corn 600 ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 300 ICE Futures U.S. FCOJ-A... of Trade Soybean Meal 720 Chicago Board of Trade Soybean Oil 540 ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 5,000...

17 CFR Appendix A to Part 151 - Spot-Month Position Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Referencedcontract spot- month limit Agricultural Referenced Contracts ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa 1,000 ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C 500 Chicago Board of Trade Corn 600 ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 300 ICE Futures U.S. FCOJ-A... of Trade Soybean Meal 720 Chicago Board of Trade Soybean Oil 540 ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 5,000...

77 FR 66819 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Extend Collection 3038-0098...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-07

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Extend Collection 3038-0098: Exemptive Order Regarding Compliance With Certain Swap Regulations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission...

17 CFR 41.32 - Continuing obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the Securities and Exchange Commission or with a futures association registered under section 17 of... board of trade lists a security futures product for trading; (iii) Provide the Commission with any new rules or rule amendments that relate to the trading of security futures products, including both...

76 FR 36525 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Exemptions From...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Exemptions From Speculative Limits AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is announcing an opportunity for...

76 FR 65999 - Effective Date for Swap Regulation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-25

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Chapter 1 Effective Date for Swap Regulation AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed amendment. SUMMARY: On July 14, 2011, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'' or the ``Commission'') issued a final order (``July 14 Order...

76 FR 60810 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Copies of Crop...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Copies of Crop and Market Information Reports AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is announcing an...

76 FR 44464 - Process for Review of Swaps for Mandatory Clearing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-26

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 39 and 140 RIN 3038-AD00 Process for Review of Swaps for Mandatory Clearing AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is adopting regulations to implement...

78 FR 20898 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Notice of Intent to Renew Collection: Market Surveys

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-08

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities; Notice of Intent to Renew Collection: Market Surveys AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is announcing an opportunity for public comment on the...

17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, retail foreign exchange dealer...

17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, retail foreign exchange dealer...

17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, retail foreign exchange...

Trading with the Future and Futures Trading. Series on Public Issues No. 14.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Auernheimer, Leonardo

In this booklet, one of a series intended to apply economic principles to major social and political issues of the day, it is proposed that speculation is often misunderstood, particularly in the operation of the futures markets. These are markets in which obligations to consummate sales and purchases at some time in the future are traded at a…

78 FR 20848 - Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-08

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AE00 Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is proposing to amend its...

78 FR 64173 - Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AE00 Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is adopting an amendment to its regulations to...

17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

17 CFR 5.17 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 5.17 Section 5.17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.17 Authorization to trade. No retail foreign exchange dealer, futures commission...

17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, introducing broker or any of their...

17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, retail foreign exchange dealer, introducing broker or any of their...

76 FR 32880 - Further Definition of “Swap,” “Security-Based Swap,” and “Security-Based Swap Agreement”; Mixed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-07

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 1 RIN 3038-AD46 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE...-Based Swap Agreement Recordkeeping AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission; Securities and Exchange... Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission published a document in the Federal...

78 FR 22418 - Reassignment of Commission Staff Responsibilities and Delegations of Authority

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-16

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 31, 40, 41, 140, 145, 170, 171... AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commission is amending its... , Division of Clearing and Risk, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Three Lafayette Centre, 1155 21st...

Modeling climate change impacts on water trading.

PubMed

Luo, Bin; Maqsood, Imran; Gong, Yazhen

2010-04-01

This paper presents a new method of evaluating the impacts of climate change on the long-term performance of water trading programs, through designing an indicator to measure the mean of periodic water volume that can be released by trading through a water-use system. The indicator is computed with a stochastic optimization model which can reflect the random uncertainty of water availability. The developed method was demonstrated in the Swift Current Creek watershed of Prairie Canada under two future scenarios simulated by a Canadian Regional Climate Model, in which total water availabilities under future scenarios were estimated using a monthly water balance model. Frequency analysis was performed to obtain the best probability distributions for both observed and simulated water quantity data. Results from the case study indicate that the performance of a trading system is highly scenario-dependent in future climate, with trading effectiveness highly optimistic or undesirable under different future scenarios. Trading effectiveness also largely depends on trading costs, with high costs resulting in failure of the trading program. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT ARE OPTIONS ON CONTRACTS OF SALE OF A COMMODITY FOR FUTURE DELIVERY § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading...

17 CFR 150.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

....1 Definitions. As used in this part— (a) Spot month means the futures contract next to expire during... means each separate futures trading month, other than the spot month future. (c) All-months means the sum of all futures trading months including the spot month future. (d) Eligible entity means— A...

17 CFR 150.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... POSITIONS § 150.1 Definitions. As used in this part— (a) Spot month means the futures contract next to...) Single month means each separate futures trading month, other than the spot month future. (c) All-months means the sum of all futures trading months including the spot month future. (d) Eligible entity means...

17 CFR 150.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

....1 Definitions. As used in this part— (a) Spot month means the futures contract next to expire during... means each separate futures trading month, other than the spot month future. (c) All-months means the sum of all futures trading months including the spot month future. (d) Eligible entity means— A...

78 FR 26406 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

..., Copies Available From: Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of Investor Education and Advocacy... trade security futures products to establish listing standards that, among other things, require that... which the security futures product trades has in place procedures to coordinate trading halts with the...

78 FR 77439 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request: Part 41, Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-23

... the proposed Information Collection Request (ICR) titled: Part 41, Relating to Security Futures... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request: Part 41, Relating to Security Futures Products AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading...

17 CFR Appendix D to Part 30 - Information That a Foreign Board of Trade Should Submit When Seeking No-Action Relief To Offer...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS Pt. 30, App. D Appendix D to Part 30—Information... trading of futures contracts on a group or index of securities on contract markets and derivatives... United States, a Futures Contract on a Foreign Non-Narrow-Based Security Index Traded on That Foreign...

75 FR 20824 - Sunshine Act Meeting Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-21

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting Notice Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Date and Time: Tuesday, April 27, 2010 at 9:30 a.m. Place: Three.... Matters To Be Considered: Public meeting to consider whether the following contracts offered for trading...

Trade Publishing: A Report from the Front.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fister, Barbara

2001-01-01

Reports on the current condition of trade publishing and its future prospects based on interviews with editors, publishers, agents, and others. Discusses academic libraries and the future of trade publishing, including questions relating to electronic books, intellectual property, and social and economic benefits of sharing information…

17 CFR 38.156 - Automated trade surveillance system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... potential trade practice violations. The automated system must load and process daily orders and trades no... anomalies; compute, retain, and compare trading statistics; compute trade gains, losses, and futures...

17 CFR 38.156 - Automated trade surveillance system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... potential trade practice violations. The automated system must load and process daily orders and trades no... anomalies; compute, retain, and compare trading statistics; compute trade gains, losses, and futures...

17 CFR 75.6 - Other permitted proprietary trading activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... trading activities. 75.6 Section 75.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PROPRIETARY TRADING AND CERTAIN INTERESTS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COVERED FUNDS Proprietary Trading § 75.6 Other permitted proprietary trading activities. (a) Permitted trading in domestic...

17 CFR 37.400 - Core Principle 4-Monitoring of trading and trade processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... trading and trade processing. 37.400 Section 37.400 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.400 Core Principle 4—Monitoring of trading and trade processing. The swap execution facility shall: (a) Establish and...

77 FR 74647 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection, Comment Request: Form TO, Annual...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-17

...). Note that the swap definition excludes options on futures (which must be traded on a designated... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection, Comment Request: Form TO, Annual Notice Filing for Counterparties to Unreported Trade Options AGENCY...

77 FR 5778 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Rules Relating to Regulation of Domestic Exchange...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-06

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION [OMB Control Number 3038-0007] Agency Information Collection... Trading Commission. ACTION: Extension of an Existing Collection, correction. SUMMARY: This document... Ryne Miller, Division of Market Oversight, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 1155 21st Street...

17 CFR Appendix B to Part 43 - Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts Agriculture ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C Chicago Board of Trade Corn ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 ICE Futures U... Soybean Oil ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 16 Chicago Board of Trade Wheat...

Carbon Dioxide Removal and the futures market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lockley, A.; Coffman, D.

2016-12-01

Futures contracts are exchange-traded financial instruments that enable parties to fix a price in advance, for performance on a contract at some later date. Forward contracts also entail future settlement, but they are traded over-the-counter between two independent parties. Both futures and forward contracts are commonly used in commodities trading, as producers seek financial security when planning production. We discuss the use of potential use of exchange-traded futures contracts in Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) markets. We conclude that they have one principal advantage (in that they give near-term price security to current polluters), and one principal disadvantage (in that a combination of high price volatility and high trade volume means contracts issued by the private sector may cause systemic economic risk). Accordingly, we note the potential for the development of futures markets in CDR, but urge great caution in the use of this approach. In particular, we consider the use of regulated markets: to ensure contracts are more reliable, and that moral hazard is minimised. Whilst regulation offers generally increased assurances, we identify major insufficiencies with this approach - finding it generally inadequate. In conclusion, we suggest that only governments can realistically support long-term CDR futures markets. We note existing long-term CDR plans by governments, and suggest the use of state-backed futures for supporting these assurances.

75 FR 50950 - Federal Speculative Position Limits for Referenced Energy Contracts and Associated Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 20, and 151 RIN 3038-AC85 Federal Speculative Position Limits for Referenced Energy Contracts and Associated Regulations AGENCY: Commodity Futures... Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'' or ``Commission'') proposed to implement position limits for futures...

78 FR 4093 - Extension of Comment Period for the Rulemaking Enhancing Protections Afforded Customers and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-18

... Futures Commission Merchants and Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading... Customers and Customer Funds Held by Futures Commission Merchants and Derivatives Clearing Organizations, 77... options on futures contracts traded on designated contract markets. Section 4d(a)(2) further requires an...

17 CFR 37.406 - Trade reconstruction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trade reconstruction. 37.406 Section 37.406 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.406 Trade reconstruction. The swap execution...

78 FR 14378 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-05

... announcement of the Transaction. IFUS trades its products exclusively on an electronic trading platform and no... products listed for trading by the IFUS, including futures and options on futures on cotton, frozen concentrated orange juice, coffee, sugar, cocoa, energy, foreign currencies, and certain Russell Indices.\\6...

17 CFR 41.12 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 41.12 Section 41.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY... reported transactions used in calculating dollar value of trading volume is reported in a currency other...

17 CFR 1.68 - Customer election not to have funds, carried by a futures commission merchant for trading on a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... funds, carried by a futures commission merchant for trading on a registered derivatives transaction... on a registered derivatives transaction execution facility, separately accounted for and segregated... trading on or through the facilities of a derivatives transaction execution facility registered under...

17 CFR 75.7 - Limitations on permitted proprietary trading activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... proprietary trading activities. 75.7 Section 75.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PROPRIETARY TRADING AND CERTAIN INTERESTS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COVERED FUNDS Proprietary Trading § 75.7 Limitations on permitted proprietary trading activities. (a) No transaction, class...

From SO{sub 2} to greenhouse gases: trends and events shaping future emissions trading programs in the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joseph Kruger

2005-06-15

Cap-and-trade programs have become widely accepted for the control of conventional air pollution in the United States. However, there is still no political consensus to use these programs to address greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, in the wake of the success of the US SO{sub 2} and NOx trading programs, private companies, state governments, and the European Union are developing new trading programs or other initiatives that may set precedents for a future national US greenhouse gas trading scheme. This paper summarizes the literature on the 'lessons learned' from the SO{sub 2} trading program for greenhouse gas trading, including lessons about themore » potential differences in design that may be necessary because of the different sources, science, mitigation options, and economics inherent in greenhouse gases. The paper discusses how the programs and initiatives mentioned above have been shaped by lessons from past trading programs and whether they are making changes to the SO{sub 2} model to address greenhouse gases. It concludes with an assessment of the implications of these initiatives for a future US national greenhouse gas trading program. 91 refs., 2 tabs.« less

75 FR 27028 - Joint CFTC-SEC Advisory Committee on Emerging Regulatory Issues

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-13

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 33-9123; File No. 265-26] COMMODITY FUTURES... Exchange Commission (``SEC'') and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') (each, an ``Agency,'' and... submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. Commodity Futures Trading Commission...

17 CFR 41.27 - Prohibition of dual trading in security futures products by floor brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... through a trading system that electronically matches bids and offers pursuant to a predetermined algorithm... participants with a time or place advantage or the ability to override a predetermined algorithm must submit an... override a predetermined algorithm from trading a security futures product for accounts in which these same...

17 CFR 41.27 - Prohibition of dual trading in security futures products by floor brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... through a trading system that electronically matches bids and offers pursuant to a predetermined algorithm... participants with a time or place advantage or the ability to override a predetermined algorithm must submit an... override a predetermined algorithm from trading a security futures product for accounts in which these same...

17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading on a Registered... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.32 Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution...

17 CFR 37.405 - Risk controls for trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Risk controls for trading. 37.405 Section 37.405 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.405 Risk controls for trading. The swap...

17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading on a Registered... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.32 Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution...

17 CFR 40.6 - Self-certification of rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... calculated solely for use in connection with futures or option trading and such changes do not affect... in connection with a futures or option product; (iv) Option contract terms. Changes to option.... 40.6 Section 40.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS...

17 CFR 37.3 - Requirements for underlying commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 5a(b)(3) of the Act, may trade any contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery (or option on... that are a security futures product, and the registered derivatives transaction execution facility is a... commodities. 37.3 Section 37.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION...

76 FR 12072 - Public Availability of Commodity Futures Trading Commission FY 2010 Service Contract Inventory

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

...-contract-inventories-guidance-11052010.pdf . Commodity Futures Trading Commission has posted its inventory.../groups/public/@aboutcftc/documents/file/cftcserviceinventory_2010.pdf . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...

An Assessment of Future Employment Opportunities for Individuals Trained in the Automotive Trades. Working Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Dept. of Employment Development, Sacramento.

The California Youth Authority (CYA) planned to offer a training program covering all aspects of the automotive trades to wards during their incarceration. Through analysis, it showed future job opportunities exist, due to increased job numbers and high turnover rate, for persons trained in the automotive trades in California over a 10-year period…

17 CFR 38.451 - Reporting of trade information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Reporting of trade information. 38.451 Section 38.451 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Daily Publication of Trading Information § 38.451 Reporting of trade information...

17 CFR 38.451 - Reporting of trade information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reporting of trade information. 38.451 Section 38.451 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Daily Publication of Trading Information § 38.451 Reporting of trade information...

17 CFR 155.4 - Trading standards for introducing brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trading standards for introducing brokers. 155.4 Section 155.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) TRADING STANDARDS § 155.4 Trading standards for introducing brokers. (a) Each...

Carbon dioxide removal and the futures market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coffman, D.'Maris; Lockley, Andrew

2017-01-01

Futures contracts are exchange-traded financial instruments that enable parties to fix a price in advance, for later performance on a contract. Forward contracts also entail future settlement, but they are traded directly between two parties. Futures and forwards are used in commodities trading, as producers seek financial security when planning production. We discuss the potential use of futures contracts in Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) markets; concluding that they have one principal advantage (near-term price security to current polluters), and one principal disadvantage (a combination of high price volatility and high trade volume means contracts issued by the private sector may cause systemic economic risk). Accordingly, we note the potential for the development of futures markets in CDR, but urge caution about the prospects for market failure. In particular, we consider the use of regulated markets: to ensure contracts are more reliable, and that moral hazard is minimised. While regulation offers increased assurances, we identify major insufficiencies with this approach—finding it generally inadequate. In conclusion, we suggest that only governments can realistically support long-term CDR futures markets. We note existing long-term CDR plans by governments, and suggest the use of state-backed futures for supporting these assurances.

17 CFR 155.4 - Trading standards for introducing brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading standards for introducing brokers. 155.4 Section 155.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.4 Trading standards for introducing brokers. (a) Each introducing broker...

17 CFR 155.4 - Trading standards for introducing brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading standards for introducing brokers. 155.4 Section 155.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.4 Trading standards for introducing brokers. (a) Each introducing broker...

17 CFR 155.4 - Trading standards for introducing brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Trading standards for introducing brokers. 155.4 Section 155.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.4 Trading standards for introducing brokers. (a) Each introducing broker...

75 FR 38086 - Technology Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-01

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee Meeting The Commodity Futures Trading Commission's (``Commission'') Technology Advisory Committee will conduct a meeting on Wednesday... Technology Advisory Committee, which will inform the Commission of technological issues and developments...

17 CFR 41.27 - Prohibition of dual trading in security futures products by floor brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... predetermined algorithm, a transaction for the same security futures product on the same designated contract... place advantage or the ability to override a predetermined algorithm must submit an appropriate rule... predetermined algorithm from trading a security futures product for accounts in which these same participants...

17 CFR 41.27 - Prohibition of dual trading in security futures products by floor brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... predetermined algorithm, a transaction for the same security futures product on the same designated contract... place advantage or the ability to override a predetermined algorithm must submit an appropriate rule... predetermined algorithm from trading a security futures product for accounts in which these same participants...

17 CFR 41.27 - Prohibition of dual trading in security futures products by floor brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... predetermined algorithm, a transaction for the same security futures product on the same designated contract... place advantage or the ability to override a predetermined algorithm must submit an appropriate rule... predetermined algorithm from trading a security futures product for accounts in which these same participants...

17 CFR 240.3a12-8 - Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading. 240.3a12-8 Section 240.3a12-8 Commodity and... trading. (a) When used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (1) The term...

17 CFR 240.3a55-2 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 240.3a55-2 Section 240.3a55-2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... of trading volume is reported in a currency other than U.S. dollars, the total value of each day's...

17 CFR 240.3a12-8 - Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading. 240.3a12-8 Section 240.3a12-8 Commodity and... trading. (a) When used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (1) The term...

17 CFR 240.3a12-8 - Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading. 240.3a12-8 Section 240.3a12-8 Commodity and... trading. (a) When used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (1) The term...

17 CFR 240.3a12-8 - Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading. 240.3a12-8 Section 240.3a12-8 Commodity and... trading. (a) When used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (1) The term...

40 CFR 350.7 - Substantiating claims of trade secrecy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW INFORMATION: AND TRADE SECRET DISCLOSURES TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Trade Secrecy... chemical identity claimed as trade secret, and indicate whether these measures will continue in the future. (2) Have you disclosed the information claimed as trade secret to any other person (other than a...

40 CFR 350.7 - Substantiating claims of trade secrecy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW INFORMATION: AND TRADE SECRET DISCLOSURES TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Trade Secrecy... chemical identity claimed as trade secret, and indicate whether these measures will continue in the future. (2) Have you disclosed the information claimed as trade secret to any other person (other than a...

40 CFR 350.7 - Substantiating claims of trade secrecy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW INFORMATION: AND TRADE SECRET DISCLOSURES TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Trade Secrecy... chemical identity claimed as trade secret, and indicate whether these measures will continue in the future. (2) Have you disclosed the information claimed as trade secret to any other person (other than a...

40 CFR 350.7 - Substantiating claims of trade secrecy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW INFORMATION: AND TRADE SECRET DISCLOSURES TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Trade Secrecy... chemical identity claimed as trade secret, and indicate whether these measures will continue in the future. (2) Have you disclosed the information claimed as trade secret to any other person (other than a...

40 CFR 350.7 - Substantiating claims of trade secrecy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW INFORMATION: AND TRADE SECRET DISCLOSURES TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Trade Secrecy... chemical identity claimed as trade secret, and indicate whether these measures will continue in the future. (2) Have you disclosed the information claimed as trade secret to any other person (other than a...

17 CFR 37.900 - Core Principle 9-Timely publication of trading information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... publication of trading information. 37.900 Section 37.900 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Timely Publication of Trading Information § 37.900 Core Principle 9—Timely publication of trading information. (a) In general. The swap execution facility shall...

17 CFR 4.41 - Advertising by commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and the principals thereof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... operators, commodity trading advisors, and the principals thereof. 4.41 Section 4.41 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Advertising § 4.41 Advertising by commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and the...

77 FR 43064 - Meeting; Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-23

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Meeting; Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). ACTION: Notice of emergency meeting of technology advisory committee. SUMMARY: The CFTC announces that on Thursday, July 26, 2012, the CFTC's Technology Advisory Committee...

77 FR 15737 - Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The CFTC announces that on March 29, 2012, the CFTC's Technology Advisory Committee (``TAC'') will hold a...

75 FR 30783 - Reestablishment of the Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-02

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Reestablishment of the Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY...: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has determined to reestablish the charter of its Technology... Commission (``Commission'') has determined to reestablish its Technology Advisory Committee. The Commission...

76 FR 50276 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; OneChicago, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

... for Four Decimal Point Pricing for Block and Exchange for Physical (``EFPs'') Trades August 8, 2011... block trades and the futures component of EFP trades to be traded/priced in four decimals points. Regular trades (non-block or non EFP) will continue to trade in only two decimal points. The text of the...

17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may...

17 CFR 155.6 - Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution facilities. 155.6 Section 155.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.6 Trading...

17 CFR 155.6 - Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution facilities. 155.6 Section 155.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.6 Trading...

17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may...

17 CFR 155.6 - Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution facilities. 155.6 Section 155.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.6 Trading...

75 FR 81977 - Order Exempting the Trading and Clearing of Certain Products Related to the CBOE Gold ETF...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-29

... derivatives transaction execution facility for transactions for future delivery in any commodity under section... categorical Section 4(c) exemption to permit options and futures on shares of all or some precious metal commodity-based ETFs to be traded and cleared as options on securities and security futures, respectively...

17 CFR 38.256 - Trade reconstruction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trade reconstruction. 38.256 Section 38.256 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.256 Trade reconstruction. The designated contract market must...

17 CFR 38.256 - Trade reconstruction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Trade reconstruction. 38.256 Section 38.256 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.256 Trade reconstruction. The designated contract market must...

78 FR 21045 - Confirmation, Portfolio Reconciliation, Portfolio Compression, and Swap Trading Relationship...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-09

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AC96 Confirmation, Portfolio Reconciliation, Portfolio Compression, and Swap Trading Relationship Documentation Requirements for Swap Dealers..., portfolio compression, and swap trading relationship documentation for Swap Dealers and Major Swap...

76 FR 45724 - Clearing Member Risk Management

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

... Management AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The... proposed rules address risk management for cleared trades by futures commission merchants, swap dealers... Commission has proposed extensive regulations addressing open access and risk management at the derivatives...

17 CFR 23.504 - Swap trading relationship documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Swap trading relationship documentation. 23.504 Section 23.504 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Swap Documentation § 23.504 Swap trading relationship...

17 CFR 23.504 - Swap trading relationship documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Swap trading relationship documentation. 23.504 Section 23.504 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Swap Documentation § 23.504 Swap trading relationship...

17 CFR 38.152 - Abusive trading practices prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Abusive trading practices prohibited. 38.152 Section 38.152 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Compliance With Rules § 38.152 Abusive trading practices prohibited. A designated...

17 CFR 38.152 - Abusive trading practices prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Abusive trading practices prohibited. 38.152 Section 38.152 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Compliance With Rules § 38.152 Abusive trading practices prohibited. A designated...

Profitability of simple stationary technical trading rules with high-frequency data of Chinese Index Futures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jing-Chao; Zhou, Yu; Wang, Xi

2018-02-01

Technical trading rules have been widely used by practitioners in financial markets for a long time. The profitability remains controversial and few consider the stationarity of technical indicators used in trading rules. We convert MA, KDJ and Bollinger bands into stationary processes and investigate the profitability of these trading rules by using 3 high-frequency data(15s,30s and 60s) of CSI300 Stock Index Futures from January 4th 2012 to December 31st 2016. Several performance and risk measures are adopted to assess the practical value of all trading rules directly while ADF-test is used to verify the stationarity and SPA test to check whether trading rules perform well due to intrinsic superiority or pure luck. The results show that there are several significant combinations of parameters for each indicator when transaction costs are not taken into consideration. Once transaction costs are included, trading profits will be eliminated completely. We also propose a method to reduce the risk of technical trading rules.

17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.6 Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading...

17 CFR 16.02 - Daily trade and supporting data reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Daily trade and supporting data reports. 16.02 Section 16.02 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS BY REPORTING MARKETS § 16.02 Daily trade and supporting data reports. Reporting markets shall provide trade and supporting data reports to...

17 CFR 37.4 - Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. 37.4 Section 37.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.4 Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. A board of trade that is or elects...

17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT ARE OPTIONS... contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a) Any board of trade desiring to be designated as a...

17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.6 Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading...

17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

77 FR 37389 - Renewal of the Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-21

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Renewal of the Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY... Commodity Futures Trading Commission has determined to renew the charter of its Technology Advisory... and identity that it is for the renewal of the Technology Advisory Committee. All comments must be...

75 FR 56997 - Global Markets Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-17

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Global Markets Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Global Markets Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Global Markets Advisory Committee will hold a public meeting on October 5, 2010, from 1 p.m. to 5...

76 FR 8715 - Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-15

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Technology Advisory Committee will hold a rescheduled public meeting on March 1, 2011, from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m...

75 FR 58367 - Technology Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-24

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Technology Advisory Committee will hold a public meeting on October 12, 2010, from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m...

76 FR 75874 - Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-05

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Technology Advisory Committee will hold a public meeting on December 13, 2011, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., at the...

76 FR 776 - Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-06

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Technology Advisory Committee will hold a public meeting on January 27, 2011, from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m., at the...

77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 2, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance and...

17 CFR 240.6a-4 - Notice of registration under Section 6(g) of the Act, amendment to such notice, and supplemental...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and such designation is not suspended by order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission; or (B) Is registered as a derivative transaction execution facility... security futures products by filing Form 1-N (§ 249.10 of this chapter) (“notice of registration”), in...

75 FR 19619 - Request for Comment on a Proposal To Exempt, Pursuant to the Authority in Section 4(c) of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-15

... clearing of certain contracts called ``options'' and other contracts called ``security futures'' on each of... amend all orders issued exempting the trading and clearing of options and futures on gold and silver... manner.'' \\11\\ Permitting Options and Security Futures on Gold and Silver Products to trade on national...

17 CFR 5.18 - Trading and operational standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading and operational standards. 5.18 Section 5.18 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.18 Trading and operational standards. (a) For purposes of this...

17 CFR 38.255 - Risk controls for trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Risk controls for trading. 38.255 Section 38.255 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.255 Risk controls for trading. The designated...

17 CFR 38.255 - Risk controls for trading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Risk controls for trading. 38.255 Section 38.255 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.255 Risk controls for trading. The designated...

17 CFR 15.04 - Reportable trading volume level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reportable trading volume level. 15.04 Section 15.04 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL PROVISIONS § 15.04 Reportable trading volume level. The volume quantity for the purpose of...

78 FR 63968 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 8, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW...-25268 Filed 10-23-13; 11:15 am] BILLING CODE 6351-01-P ...

78 FR 13028 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-26

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Time and Date: 10:00 a.m., Friday, March 1, 2013. Place: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. Status: Closed. Matters to be Considered: Surveillance...

78 FR 13028 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-26

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Time and Date: 10:00 a.m., Friday, March 15, 2013. Place : 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. Status: Closed. Matters to be Considered: Surveillance...

78 FR 20897 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-08

... developing an outreach and communications campaign designed to change consumer behavior. Since these systems... AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Office of Consumer Outreach...: Nisha Smalls, Office of Consumer Outreach, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 1155 21st Street NW...

75 FR 22391 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-28

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Time and Date: 11 a.m., Wednesday, May 12, 2010. Place: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. Status: Closed. Matters To Be Considered: Rule...

77 FR 25148 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-27

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday, May 11, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

77 FR 25148 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-27

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday, May 18, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

77 FR 25148 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-27

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, May 4, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

77 FR 25148 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-27

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday May 25, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

76 FR 74778 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings The following notice of scheduled meetings is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETINGS: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIMES AND DATES...

77 FR 54903 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 5, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

77 FR 54903 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 12, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday November 9, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 30, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

76 FR 59119 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 7, 2011. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. Matters To Be Considered Surveillance...

76 FR 59118 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 28, 2011. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. Matters To Be Considered Surveillance...

77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday November 23, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

76 FR 59118 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday, October 14, 2011. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. Matters To Be Considered Surveillance...

77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 16, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

76 FR 59118 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 21, 2011. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. Matters To Be Considered Surveillance...

77 FR 54903 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 26, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

77 FR 54903 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday October 19, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

76 FR 16588 - Risk Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 39 RIN 3038-AC98 Risk Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations; Correction AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of... Register of January 20, 2011, regarding Risk Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations...

Volatilities, Traded Volumes, and Price Increments in Derivative Securities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Kyungsik; Lim, Gyuchang; Kim, Soo Yong; Scalas, Enrico

2007-03-01

We apply the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to the statistics of the Korean treasury bond (KTB) futures from which the logarithmic increments, volatilities, and traded volumes are estimated over a specific time lag. For our case, the logarithmic increment of futures prices has no long-memory property, while the volatility and the traded volume exhibit the existence of long-memory property. To analyze and calculate whether the volatility clustering is due to the inherent higher-order correlation not detected by applying directly the DFA to logarithmic increments of the KTB futures, it is of importance to shuffle the original tick data of futures prices and to generate the geometric Brownian random walk with the same mean and standard deviation. It is really shown from comparing the three tick data that the higher-order correlation inherent in logarithmic increments makes the volatility clustering. Particularly, the result of the DFA on volatilities and traded volumes may be supported the hypothesis of price changes.

Volatilities, traded volumes, and the hypothesis of price increments in derivative securities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lim, Gyuchang; Kim, SooYong; Scalas, Enrico; Kim, Kyungsik

2007-08-01

A detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is applied to the statistics of Korean treasury bond (KTB) futures from which the logarithmic increments, volatilities, and traded volumes are estimated over a specific time lag. In this study, the logarithmic increment of futures prices has no long-memory property, while the volatility and the traded volume exhibit the existence of the long-memory property. To analyze and calculate whether the volatility clustering is due to a inherent higher-order correlation not detected by with the direct application of the DFA to logarithmic increments of KTB futures, it is of importance to shuffle the original tick data of future prices and to generate a geometric Brownian random walk with the same mean and standard deviation. It was found from a comparison of the three tick data that the higher-order correlation inherent in logarithmic increments leads to volatility clustering. Particularly, the result of the DFA on volatilities and traded volumes can be supported by the hypothesis of price changes.

17 CFR 242.302 - Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... alternative trading systems. 242.302 Section 242.302 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.302 Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems. To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(8) of § 242.301, an...

17 CFR 37.4 - Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. 37.4 Section 37.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.4 Election to trade excluded and exempt...

17 CFR 40.2 - Listing products for trading by certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Listing products for trading by certification. 40.2 Section 40.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.2 Listing products for trading by certification. (a...

17 CFR 242.303 - Record preservation requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... requirements for alternative trading systems. 242.303 Section 242.303 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.303 Record preservation requirements for alternative trading systems. (a) To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(9) of...

17 CFR 242.303 - Record preservation requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... requirements for alternative trading systems. 242.303 Section 242.303 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.303 Record preservation requirements for alternative trading systems. (a) To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(9) of...

17 CFR 242.303 - Record preservation requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... requirements for alternative trading systems. 242.303 Section 242.303 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.303 Record preservation requirements for alternative trading systems. (a) To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(9) of...

17 CFR 40.2 - Listing products for trading by certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Listing products for trading by certification. 40.2 Section 40.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.2 Listing products for trading by certification. (a...

17 CFR 242.302 - Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... alternative trading systems. 242.302 Section 242.302 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.302 Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems. To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(8) of § 242.301, an...

17 CFR 242.302 - Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... alternative trading systems. 242.302 Section 242.302 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.302 Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems. To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(8) of § 242.301, an...

17 CFR 242.302 - Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... alternative trading systems. 242.302 Section 242.302 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.302 Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems. To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(8) of § 242.301, an...

17 CFR 40.2 - Listing products for trading by certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Listing products for trading by certification. 40.2 Section 40.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.2 Listing products for trading by certification. (a...

17 CFR 242.302 - Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... alternative trading systems. 242.302 Section 242.302 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND... SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.302 Recordkeeping requirements for alternative trading systems. To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(8) of § 242.301, an...

17 CFR 242.303 - Record preservation requirements for alternative trading systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... requirements for alternative trading systems. 242.303 Section 242.303 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY FUTURES Regulation Ats-Alternative Trading Systems § 242.303 Record preservation requirements for alternative trading systems. (a) To comply with the condition set forth in paragraph (b)(9) of...

17 CFR 240.3a55-3 - Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. 240.3a55-3 Section 240.3a55-3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934...

17 CFR 240.3a55-3 - Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. 240.3a55-3 Section 240.3a55-3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934...

75 FR 78185 - Information Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-15

... Principles J, K, L and M. This is based on the Commission's view that rigorous information management... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 21, and 39 RIN 3038-AC98 Information Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission...

78 FR 21045 - Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps-Records of Transactions; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-09

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 1 RIN 3038-AD53 Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps--Records of Transactions; Correction AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION...), regarding Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps--Records of Transactions. DATES: This correction to...

17 CFR 1.20 - Customer funds to be segregated and separately accounted for.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Customers' Money... contract market, a futures commission merchant, or any depository except to purchase, margin, guarantee... money accruing to such commodity or option customers as the result of trades, contracts or commodity...

77 FR 43967 - Account Ownership and Control Report; Withdrawal

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-26

... 15, 16, 17, et al. Account Ownership and Control Report; Withdrawal; Ownership and Control Reports... RIN 3038-AC63 Account Ownership and Control Report; Withdrawal AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading... ownership and control information for all trading accounts active on U.S. futures exchanges and other...

Trade and Industrial Education: Visions of the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farmer, Edgar I.

The future effectiveness of trade and industrial (T&I) education programs can be increased by reforms in teacher education, collaboration with national support agencies, and taking advantage of technological and instructional advances. Among the important teacher education reforms are the following: (1) teacher preparation should include liberal…

77 FR 64799 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-23

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting The following notice of a scheduled meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIMES AND DATES...

77 FR 34940 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting The following notice of a scheduled meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIMES AND DATES...

77 FR 55465 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-10

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting The following notice of a scheduled meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIMES AND DATES...

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authority to affix seal. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICIAL SEAL § 2.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are...

17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authority to affix seal. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICIAL SEAL § 2.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are...

76 FR 47529 - Customer Clearing Documentation and Timing of Acceptance for Clearing; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-05

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 23, and 39 RIN 3038-AD51 Customer Clearing Documentation and Timing of Acceptance for Clearing; Correction AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission... published in the Federal Register of August 1, 2011, regarding Customer Clearing Documentation and Timing of...

78 FR 63968 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 1, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... D. Jurgens, 202-418-5516. Natise Stowe, Executive Assistant. [FR Doc. 2013-25266 Filed 10-23-13; 11...

75 FR 4356 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-27

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 11 a.m., Friday, February 5, 2010. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW..., Assistant Secretary of the Commission. [FR Doc. 2010-1791 Filed 1-25-10; 4:15 pm] BILLING CODE 6351-01-P ...

78 FR 63968 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 15, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... INFORMATION: Melissa D. Jurgens, 202-418-5516. Natise Stowe, Executive Assistant. [FR Doc. 2013-25269 Filed 10...

75 FR 4355 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-27

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 11 a.m., Friday, February 26, 2010. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW..., Assistant Secretary of the Commission. [FR Doc. 2010-1784 Filed 1-25-10; 4:15 pm] BILLING CODE 6351-01-P ...

75 FR 5059 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-01

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Time and Date: 2 p.m., Monday February 8, 2010. Place: 1155 21st St., NW.... Warfield, Assistant Secretary of the Commission. [FR Doc. 2010-2189 Filed 1-28-10; 4:15 pm] BILLING CODE...

78 FR 63968 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 22, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... INFORMATION: Melissa D. Jurgens, 202-418-5516. Natise Stowe, Executive Assistant. [FR Doc. 2013-25270 Filed 10...

76 FR 14825 - Core Principles and Other Requirements for Designated Contact Markets

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 16, and 38 RIN 3038-AD09 Core Principles and Other Requirements for Designated Contact Markets AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nancy Markowitz, Assistant Deputy Director, 202-418-5453, [email protected

75 FR 76706 - Acceptance of Public Submissions on a Study Mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-63423... Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 719(b) AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission; Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Request for Comments. SUMMARY: The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform...

78 FR 70539 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-26

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, December 6, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... meetings change, an announcement of the change, along with the new time, date and location of the meeting...

78 FR 2961 - Sunshine Act Meeting-Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-15

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting--Closed Meeting The following notice of a closed meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME...

78 FR 70539 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-26

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, December 13, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... meetings change, an announcement of the change, along with the new time, date and location of the meeting...

78 FR 6306 - Sunshine Act Meeting-Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-30

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting--Closed Meeting The following notice of a closed meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME...

76 FR 70709 - Sunshine Act Meeting; Emergency Meeting Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-15

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting; Emergency Meeting Notice This notice that an emergency meeting was held is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94-409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading...

17 CFR 40.2 - Listing and accepting products for trading or clearing by certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... for trading or clearing by certification. 40.2 Section 40.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.2 Listing and accepting products for trading or clearing by certification. (a) Unless permitted otherwise by § 37.7 of this chapter...

17 CFR 151.8 - Foreign boards of trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Foreign boards of trade. 151.8... LIMITS FOR FUTURES AND SWAPS § 151.8 Foreign boards of trade. The aggregate position limits in § 151.4... a foreign board of trade, provided that: (a) Such Referenced Contracts settle against any price...

17 CFR 151.8 - Foreign boards of trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Foreign boards of trade. 151.8... FUTURES AND SWAPS § 151.8 Foreign boards of trade. The aggregate position limits in § 151.4 shall apply to... board of trade, provided that: (a) Such Referenced Contracts settle against any price (including the...

17 CFR 151.8 - Foreign boards of trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Foreign boards of trade. 151.8... FUTURES AND SWAPS § 151.8 Foreign boards of trade. The aggregate position limits in § 151.4 shall apply to... board of trade, provided that: (a) Such Referenced Contracts settle against any price (including the...

Capacity Reviews for Trades Training in BC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ministry of Advanced Education, 2007

2007-01-01

This report was commissioned in December 2006 to assess the capacity for trades training in the public post-secondary system with the key objectives to identify current levels of utilization for each of the top trades; identify methods of increasing capacity for top trades; and determine future levels of capacity that can be achieved without…

17 CFR Appendix to Part 48 - Form FBOT

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... BOARDS OF TRADE Pt. 48, App. Appendix to Part 48—Form FBOT COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FORM FBOT FOREIGN BOARD OF TRADE APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION (IN ORDER TO PERMIT DIRECT ACCESS TO MEMBERS AND OTHER... foreign board of trade applying for registration pursuant to CEA section 4(b) and part 48 of the...

17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers. 4.32 Section 4.32 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING...

Older Adults' Recognition of Trade-Offs in Healthcare Decision-Making.

PubMed

Case, Siobhan M; O'Leary, John; Kim, Nancy; Tinetti, Mary E; Fried, Terri R

2015-08-01

To examine older persons' understanding of healthcare decision-making involving trade-offs. Cross-sectional survey. Primary care clinics. Community-living persons aged 65 and older (N = 50). After being primed to think about trade-offs with a focus on chronic disease management, participants were asked to describe a decision they had made in the past involving a trade-off. If they could not, they were asked to describe a decision they might face in the future and were then given an example of a decision. They were also asked about communication with their primary care provider about their priorities when faced with a trade-off. Forty-four participants (88%) were able to describe a healthcare decision involving a trade-off; 25 provided a decision in the past, 17 provided a decision they might face in the future, and two provided a future decision after hearing an example. One participant described a nonmedical decision, and two participants described goals without providing a trade-off. Of the healthcare decisions, 26 involved surgery, seven were end-of life decisions, seven involved treatment of chronic disease, and four involved chemotherapy. When asked whether their providers should know their health outcome priorities, 44 (88%) replied yes, and 35 (70%) believed their providers knew their priorities, but only 18 (36%) said that they had had a specific conversation about priorities. The majority of participants were able to recognize the trade-offs involved in healthcare decision-making and wanted their providers to know their priorities regarding the trade-offs. Despite being primed to think about the trade-offs involved in day-to-day treatment of chronic disease, participants most frequently described episodic, high-stakes decisions including surgery and end-of-life care. © 2015, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2015, The American Geriatrics Society.

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 140.91 - Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. 140.91 Section 140.91 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, FUNCTIONS, AND PROCEDURES OF THE COMMISSION Functions § 140.91 Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. (a) The...

17 CFR 3.13 - Registration of agricultural trade option merchants and their associated persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Registration of agricultural trade option merchants and their associated persons. 3.13 Section 3.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.13 Registration of agricultural trade option merchants and their associated...

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may, after notice and...

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 140.91 - Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. 140.91 Section 140.91 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, FUNCTIONS, AND PROCEDURES OF THE COMMISSION Functions § 140.91 Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. (a) The...

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

17 CFR 140.91 - Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. 140.91 Section 140.91 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, FUNCTIONS, AND PROCEDURES OF THE COMMISSION Functions § 140.91 Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. (a) The...

77 FR 33794 - Future Now Group, Inc., and Gammacan International, Inc.; Order of Suspension of Trading

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-07

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] Future Now Group, Inc., and Gammacan International, Inc.; Order of Suspension of Trading June 5, 2012. It appears to the Securities and Exchange... concerning the securities of Gammacan International, Inc. because it has not filed any periodic reports since...

77 FR 43407 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Order Approving Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-24

...-Laws and Rules to security futures on index-linked securities such as exchange-traded notes, which are currently traded on OneChicago, LLC. Index-linked securities are non-convertible debt of a major financial... futures contracts, one or more physical commodities, currencies or debt securities, or a combination of...

Availability of Skilled Labour in Selected Occupations in Western Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shah, Chandra; Cooney, Richard; Long, Michael; Burke, Gerald

2005-01-01

This report investigates the future supply of and demand for certain types of skilled labour at the trades and sub-trades levels that will be required for these projects up to 2010. In particular, it focuses on skilled labour in the mechanical, fabrication and electrical trades and mobile plant operators and construction workers in the sub-trades.…

17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4 Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. Part 4 of...

17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4 Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. Part 4 of...

A Study on Market Efficiency of Selected Commodity Derivatives Traded on NCDEX During 2011

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sajipriya, N.

2012-10-01

The study aims at testing the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis in the context of an emerging commodity market - National Commodity Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX), which is considered as the prime commodity derivatives market in India. The study considered daily spot and futures prices of five selected commodities traded on NCDEX over 12 month period (the futures contracts originating and expiring during the period January 2011 to December 2011) The five commodities chosen are Pepper, Crude palm Oil, steel silver and Chana as they account for almost two-thirds of the value of agricultural commodity derivatives traded on NCDEX. The results of Run test indicate that both spot and futures prices are weak form efficient

Water Resource Impacts Embedded in the Western US Electrical Energy Trade; Current Patterns and Adaptation to Future Drought

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adams, E. A.; Herron, S.; Qiu, Y.; Tidwell, V. C.; Ruddell, B. L.

2013-12-01

Water resources are a key element in the global coupled natural-human (CNH) system, because they are tightly coupled with the world's social, environmental, and economic subsystems, and because water resources are under increasing pressure worldwide. A fundamental adaptive tool used especially by cities to overcome local water resource scarcity is the outsourcing of water resource impacts through substitutionary economic trade. This is generally understood as the indirect component of a water footprint, and as ';virtual water' trade. This work employs generalized CNH methods to reveal the trade in water resource impacts embedded in electrical energy within the Western US power grid, and utilizes a general equilibrium economic trade model combined with drought and demand growth constraints to estimate the future status of this trade. Trade in embedded water resource impacts currently increases total water used for electricity production in the Western US and shifts water use to more water-limited States. Extreme drought and large increases in electrical energy demand increase the need for embedded water resource impact trade, while motivating a shift to more water-efficient generation technologies and more water-abundant generating locations. Cities are the largest users of electrical energy, and in the 21st Century will outsource a larger fraction of their water resource impacts through trade. This trade exposes cities to risks associated with disruption of long-distance transmission and distant hydrological droughts.

17 CFR Appendix to Part 48 - Form FBOT

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN BOARDS OF... BOARD OF TRADE APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION (IN ORDER TO PERMIT DIRECT ACCESS TO MEMBERS AND OTHER... foreign board of trade applying for registration pursuant to CEA section 4(b) and part 48 of the...

17 CFR Appendix to Part 48 - Form FBOT

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN BOARDS OF... BOARD OF TRADE APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION (IN ORDER TO PERMIT DIRECT ACCESS TO MEMBERS AND OTHER... foreign board of trade applying for registration pursuant to CEA section 4(b) and part 48 of the...

17 CFR 36.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope. 36.1 Section 36.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.1 Scope. The provisions of this part apply to any board of trade or electronic trading facility eligible for exemption...

17 CFR 41.33 - Applications for exemptive orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Applications for exemptive orders. (a) Any board of trade designated as a contract market in security futures... Act, the Commission shall have sole discretion to exempt a board of trade, conditionally or... shall notify the board of trade of such a decision in writing. (c) Application requirements. (1) Each...

15 CFR 970.519 - Resource conservation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... prevention of waste and the future opportunity for the commercial recovery of the unrecovered balance of the... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Resource conservation requirements. 970.519 Section 970.519 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade...

15 CFR 970.519 - Resource conservation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... prevention of waste and the future opportunity for the commercial recovery of the unrecovered balance of the... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Resource conservation requirements. 970.519 Section 970.519 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade...

17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently liquid, to render any contract traded... market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this section are: (i) The...

17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently liquid, to render any contract traded... market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this section are: (i) The...

17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of exemption from commodity trading advisor registration with the National Futures Association... its principal office and place of business outside of the United States, its territories or...; a commodity trading advisor that has its principal office and place of business in the United States...

17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... of exemption from commodity trading advisor registration with the National Futures Association... its principal office and place of business outside of the United States, its territories or...; a commodity trading advisor that has its principal office and place of business in the United States...

Parental care in the multi-brooded Black-throated Blue Warbler

Treesearch

Kirk W Stodola; Eric T Linder; David A Buehler; Kathleen E Franzreb; Robert J. Cooper

2009-01-01

Maximizing reproductive output often entails a trade-off between energy spent on current breeding attempts and that saved for future reproductive opportunities. For species with biparental care, energy spent on the current breeding attempt represents not only a trade-off with future breeding opportunities but also an interaction with the energetic effort of one’s mate...

Manned remote work station development article. Volume 1, book 2, appendix B: Trade and design definition studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

System trades, evaluations, and selection were organized under the appropriate manned remote work station roles and subsystems. Those trades/evaluations that have an impact on simulator fidelity were given emphasis in terms of identifying alternate concepts, making a selection, and defining the system approach. Those trades that do not impact simulator fidelity have the issues delineated and future study requirements identified.

Predictability and Market Efficiency in Agricultural Futures Markets: a Perspective from Price-Volume Correlation Based on Wavelet Coherency Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Ling-Yun; Wen, Xing-Chun

2015-12-01

In this paper, we use a time-frequency domain technique, namely, wavelet squared coherency, to examine the associations between the trading volumes of three agricultural futures and three different forms of these futures' daily closing prices, i.e. prices, returns and volatilities, over the past several years. These agricultural futures markets are selected from China as a typical case of the emerging countries, and from the US as a representative of the developed economies. We investigate correlations and lead-lag relationships between the trading volumes and the prices to detect the predictability and efficiency of these futures markets. The results suggest that the information contained in the trading volumes of the three agricultural futures markets in China can be applied to predict the prices or returns, while that in US has extremely weak predictive power for prices or returns. We also conduct the wavelet analysis on the relationships between the volumes and returns or volatilities to examine the existence of the two "stylized facts" proposed by Karpoff [J. M. Karpoff, The relation between price changes and trading volume: A survey, J. Financ. Quant. Anal.22(1) (1987) 109-126]. Different markets in the two countries perform differently in reproducing the two stylized facts. As the wavelet tools can decode nonlinear regularities and hidden patterns behind price-volume relationship in time-frequency space, different from the conventional econometric framework, this paper offers a new perspective into the market predictability and efficiency.

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

17 CFR 190.07 - Calculation of allowed net equity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... computing, with respect to such account, the sum of: (i) The ledger balance; (ii) The open trade balance... purposes of this paragraph (b)(1), the open trade balance of a customer's account shall be computed by... ledger balance or open trade balance of any customer, exclude any security futures products, any gains or...

17 CFR 190.07 - Calculation of allowed net equity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... computing, with respect to such account, the sum of: (i) The ledger balance; (ii) The open trade balance... purposes of this paragraph (b)(1), the open trade balance of a customer's account shall be computed by... ledger balance or open trade balance of any customer, exclude any security futures products, any gains or...

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

77 FR 7621 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

... Change To Permit OCC To Clear and Settle Spot Gold Futures, Which Are Proposed To Be Traded by NASDAQ OMX... Substance of the Proposed Rule Change The proposed rule change will permit OCC to clear and settle Spot Gold... change is to permit OCC to clear and settle Spot Gold Futures, which are proposed to be traded by NFX. A...

Shared Compromise -- Future US-Mexican Border Security Initiatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-28

improve regional economic performance. Following the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), to eliminate barriers to trade and...investment between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, the United States and Mexico were on a path to balance trade and security. For example, from 1996...2006 the agricultural trade between our countries increased by 3 more than $13 billion. 2 The events of September 11, 2001 changed all of that. The

75 FR 70973 - Registration of Foreign Boards of Trade

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-19

...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is proposing rules to implement new statutory provisions enacted by Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. These proposed rules establish a registration requirement that applies to foreign boards of trade (FBOT) that wish to provide their identified members or other participants located in the United States with direct access to their electronic trading and order matching systems.

17 CFR 37.2 - Exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.2 Exemption. Contracts, agreements or transactions traded on a derivatives transaction... derivatives transaction execution facilities. [71 FR 37822, July 3, 2006] ...

Modeling future U.S. forest sector market and trade impacts of expansion in wood energy consumption

Treesearch

Peter J. Ince; Andrew D. Kramp; Kenneth E. Skog; Do-il Yoo; V. Alaric Sample

2011-01-01

This paper describes an approach to modeling U.S. forest sector market and trade impacts of expansion in domestic wood energy consumption under hypothetical future U.S. wood biomass energy policy scenarios. The U.S. Forest Products Module (USFPM) was created to enhance the modeling of the U.S. forest sector within the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM), providing a...

78 FR 62817 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; CBOE Futures Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... Related Position Transactions and Block Trades October 4, 2013. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(7) of the...) (``ECRP'') and 415 (Block Trading). The scope of this filing is limited solely to the application of the... ECRP transactions, and CFE Rule 415 sets forth requirements relating to Block Trades. Each of these...

17 CFR 41.32 - Continuing obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...)(1) A board of trade designated as a contract market in security futures products pursuant to § 41.31...) Comply with the filing requirements of section 2(a)(1)(D)(vii) of the Act each time the board of trade... information and documents as the Commission may specify, that the board of trade is in compliance with one or...

17 CFR 32.13 - Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain agricultural commodities. 32.13 Section 32.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.13 Exemption from...

17 CFR Appendix D to Part 30 - Information That a Foreign Board of Trade Should Submit When Seeking No-Action Relief To Offer...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Information That a Foreign Board of Trade Should Submit When Seeking No-Action Relief To Offer and Sell, to Persons Located in the United States, a Futures Contract on a Foreign Non-Narrow-Based Security Index Traded on That Foreign Board of Trade D Appendix D to Part 30...

17 CFR 41.43 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... options with persons other than brokers, dealers, futures commission merchants, floor brokers, or floor... securities, commodity futures, or commodity options with persons other than brokers, dealers, persons....43 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS...

Trade-based carbon sequestration accounting.

PubMed

King, Dennis M

2004-04-01

This article describes and illustrates an accounting method to assess and compare "early" carbon sequestration investments and trades on the basis of the number of standardized CO2 emission offset credits they will provide. The "gold standard" for such credits is assumed to be a relatively riskless credit based on a CO2 emission reduction that provides offsets against CO2 emissions on a one-for-one basis. The number of credits associated with carbon sequestration needs to account for time, risk, durability, permanence, additionality, and other factors that future trade regulators will most certainly use to assign "official" credits to sequestration projects. The method that is presented here uses established principles of natural resource accounting and conventional rules of asset valuation to "score" projects. A review of 20 "early" voluntary United States based CO2 offset trades that involve carbon sequestration reveals that the assumptions that buyers, sellers, brokers, and traders are using to characterize the economic potential of their investments and trades vary enormously. The article develops a "universal carbon sequestration credit scoring equation" and uses two of these trades to illustrate the sensitivity of trade outcomes to various assumptions about how future trade auditors are likely to "score" carbon sequestration projects in terms of their "equivalency" with CO2 emission reductions. The article emphasizes the importance of using a standard credit scoring method that accounts for time and risk to assess and compare even unofficial prototype carbon sequestration trades. The scoring method illustrated in this article is a tool that can protect the integrity of carbon sequestration credit trading and can assist buyers and sellers in evaluating the real economic potential of prospective trades.

75 FR 35291 - Foreign Futures and Options Transactions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-22

... Derivatives) From the Application of Certain of the Foreign Futures and Options Regulations the Later of the... Bursa Derivatives and accompanying exhibits, that Malaysia's regulation of futures and options exchanges... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 30 Foreign Futures and Options Transactions...

17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4...

Laser System Reliability

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-03-01

system acquisition cycle since they provide necessary inputs to comparative analyses, cost/benefit trade -offs, and system simulations. In addition, the...Management Program from above performs the function of analyzing the system trade -offs with respect to reliability to determine a reliability goal...one encounters the problem of comparing present dollars with future dollars. In this analysis, we are trading off costs expended initially (or at

78 FR 3949 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; CBOE Futures Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-17

.... Subsequent offenses will be referred to CFE's Business Conduct Committee. Block Trade Recordkeeping and... with CFE Rule 415 (which governs Block Trades). A first offense will result in the issuance of a letter... Block Trades on behalf of the TPH. A first offense will result in the issuance of a letter of caution...

The Trade Unions in Germany. Facing New Challenges. IN Visitors' Information Special Report. 2nd Quarter.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horstkotte, Hermann; Schroder, Karsten

A study examined the current status and likely future of trade unions in the German Trade Union Federation. The study focused on the following topics: unions as part of a social partnership, unions as partners in self-administration, collective pay policy against unemployment, plant reorganization and its impact on work and wages, the trend toward…

77 FR 20127 - Swap Dealer and Major Swap Participant Recordkeeping, Reporting, and Duties Rules; Futures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-03

... between research and trading and between clearing and trading. Finally, these regulations also require... compared to the costs involved. ISDA & SIFMA provided the Commission with no quantitative data regarding...

Analyzing the impacts of global trade and investment on non-communicable diseases and risk factors: a critical review of methodological approaches used in quantitative analyses.

PubMed

Cowling, Krycia; Thow, Anne Marie; Pollack Porter, Keshia

2018-05-24

A key mechanism through which globalization has impacted health is the liberalization of trade and investment, yet relatively few studies to date have used quantitative methods to investigate the impacts of global trade and investment policies on non-communicable diseases and risk factors. Recent reviews of this literature have found heterogeneity in results and a range of quality across studies, which may be in part attributable to a lack of conceptual clarity and methodological inconsistencies. This study is a critical review of methodological approaches used in the quantitative literature on global trade and investment and diet, tobacco, alcohol, and related health outcomes, with the objective of developing recommendations and providing resources to guide future robust, policy relevant research. A review of reviews, expert review, and reference tracing were employed to identify relevant studies, which were evaluated using a novel quality assessment tool designed for this research. Eight review articles and 34 quantitative studies were identified for inclusion. Important ways to improve this literature were identified and discussed: clearly defining exposures of interest and not conflating trade and investment; exploring mechanisms of broader relationships; increasing the use of individual-level data; ensuring consensus and consistency in key confounding variables; utilizing more sector-specific versus economy-wide trade and investment indicators; testing and adequately adjusting for autocorrelation and endogeneity when using longitudinal data; and presenting results from alternative statistical models and sensitivity analyses. To guide the development of future analyses, recommendations for international data sources for selected trade and investment indicators, as well as key gaps in the literature, are presented. More methodologically rigorous and consistent approaches in future quantitative studies on the impacts of global trade and investment policies on non-communicable diseases and risk factors can help to resolve inconsistencies of existing research and generate useful information to guide policy decisions.

17 CFR 30.7 - Treatment of foreign futures or foreign options secured amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS § 30.7 Treatment of foreign futures or foreign options secured amount. (a) Except as provided in this section, a futures commission... options customers denominated as the foreign futures or foreign options secured amount. Such money...

Empirical analysis on future-cash arbitrage risk with portfolio VaR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Rongda; Li, Cong; Wang, Weijin; Wang, Ze

2014-03-01

This paper constructs the positive arbitrage position by alternating the spot index with Chinese Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) portfolio and estimating the arbitrage-free interval of futures with the latest trade data. Then, an improved Delta-normal method was used, which replaces the simple linear correlation coefficient with tail dependence correlation coefficient, to measure VaR (Value-at-risk) of the arbitrage position. Analysis of VaR implies that the risk of future-cash arbitrage is less than that of investing completely in either futures or spot market. Then according to the compositional VaR and the marginal VaR, we should increase the futures position and decrease the spot position appropriately to minimize the VaR, which can minimize risk subject to certain revenues.

An assessment of maritime trade and technology

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-10-01

Because of concerns about the viability and productivity of U.S. maritime : industries as well as the future U.S. position in world trade, Congress : requested Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) to prepare this assessment. : Congress asked OTA to ...

E-commerce trade in invasive plants.

PubMed

Humair, Franziska; Humair, Luc; Kuhn, Fabian; Kueffer, Christoph

2015-12-01

Biological invasions are a major concern in conservation, especially because global transport of species is still increasing rapidly. Conservationists hope to anticipate and thus prevent future invasions by identifying and regulating potentially invasive species through species risk assessments and international trade regulations. Among many introduction pathways of non-native species, horticulture is a particularly important driver of plant invasions. In recent decades, the horticultural industry expanded globally and changed structurally through the emergence of new distribution channels, including internet trade (e-commerce). Using an automated search algorithm, we surveyed, on a daily basis, e-commerce trade on 10 major online auction sites (including eBay) of approximately three-fifths of the world's spermatophyte flora. Many recognized invasive plant species (>500 species) (i.e., species associated with ecological or socio-economic problems) were traded daily worldwide on the internet. A markedly higher proportion of invasive than non-invasive species were available online. Typically, for a particular plant family, 30-80% of recognized invasive species were detected on an auction site, but only a few percentages of all species in the plant family were detected on a site. Families that were more traded had a higher proportion of invasive species than families that were less traded. For woody species, there was a significant positive relationship between the number of regions where a species was sold and the number of regions where it was invasive. Our results indicate that biosecurity is not effectively regulating online plant trade. In the future, automated monitoring of e-commerce may help prevent the spread of invasive species, provide information on emerging trade connectivity across national borders, and be used in horizon scanning exercises for early detection of new species and their geographic source areas in international trade. © 2015 Society for Conservation Biology.

Trade policy governance: What health policymakers and advocates need to know.

PubMed

Jarman, Holly

2017-11-01

Trade policies affect determinants of health as well as the options and resources available to health policymakers. There is therefore a need for health policymakers and related stakeholders in all contexts to understand and connect with the trade policymaking process. This paper uses the TAPIC (transparency, accountability, participation, integrity, capacity) governance framework to analyze how trade policy is commonly governed. I conclude that the health sector is likely to benefit when transparency in trade policymaking is increased, since trade negotiations to date have often left out health advocates and policymakers. Trade policymakers and negotiators also tend to be accountable to economic and trade ministries, which are in turn accountable to economic and business interests. Neither tend to appreciate the health consequences of trade and trade policies. Greater accountability to health ministries and interests, and greater participation by them, could improve the health effects of trade negotiations. Trade policies are complex, requiring considerable policy capacity to understand and influence. Nevertheless, investing in understanding trade can pay off in terms of managing future legal risks. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Commodities Trading: An Essential Economic Tool.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welch, Mary A., Ed.

1989-01-01

This issue focuses on commodities trading as an essential economic tool. Activities include critical thinking about marketing decisions and discussion on how futures markets and options are used as important economic tools. Discussion questions and a special student project are included. (EH)

The future midwest North American landscape

EPA Science Inventory

Important changes in land use are occurring in agricultural regions of the United States, but the trade-offs associated with these changes - such as trade-offs among production of crops, provision of amenities such as clean air, clean water, recreational opportunities, and reduct...

17 CFR 37.2 - Exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption. 37.2 Section 37.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.2 Exemption. Contracts, agreements or transactions traded on a derivatives transaction...

17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Registered futures association membership. 5.22 Section 5.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.22 Registered futures association membership. (a) Each person...

Trade Spaces in Crewed Spacecraft Atmosphere Revitalization System Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perry, Jay L.; Bagdigian, Robert M.; Carrasquillo, Robyn L.

2010-01-01

Developing the technological response to realizing an efficient atmosphere revitalization system for future crewed spacecraft and space habitats requires identifying and describing functional trade spaces. Mission concepts and requirements dictate the necessary functions; however, the combination and sequence of those functions possess significant flexibility. Us-ing a closed loop environmental control and life support (ECLS) system architecture as a starting basis, a functional unit operations approach is developed to identify trade spaces. Generalized technological responses to each trade space are discussed. Key performance parameters that apply to functional areas are described.

Civil Charges in Corporate Scandals. CRS Report for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-04-08

advisors (or Wall Street firms and their customers), and manipulation or ausive trading in energy markets . Small "garden variety" examples of...y federal regulatory agencies - principally the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), ut also a few actions y the Commodity Futures Trading ...financial advisors (or Wall Street firms and their customers), and manipulation or ausive trading in energy markets . Small "garden variety" examples

Columbia University Press: Trading on Tradition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fialkoff, Francine

1998-01-01

Columbia University Press's current and future solvency rests on a complex balance of reference, scholarly, and trade titles as well as an innovative collaboration with the library to help guarantee the house's preeminence in the academic community. The Press's strategic approach is described. (Author)

77 FR 64962 - Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-24

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity..., October 30, 2012, its Technology Advisory Committee (TAC) will hold a public meeting in Chicago at the... Automated and High Frequency Trading, and presentations on technology solutions for both protecting customer...

17 CFR 41.22 - Required certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Section 41.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Requirements and Standards for Listing Security Futures Products § 41.22 Required certifications. It shall be unlawful for a designated contract market or registered derivatives transaction execution...

17 CFR 41.24 - Rule amendments to security futures products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... rule amendment relating to a security futures product if the registered derivatives transaction... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Rule amendments to security futures products. 41.24 Section 41.24 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

Exercise training reveals trade-offs between endurance performance and immune function, but does not influence growth, in juvenile lizards.

PubMed

Husak, Jerry F; Roy, Jordan C; Lovern, Matthew B

2017-04-15

Acquired energetic resources allocated to a particular trait cannot then be re-allocated to a different trait. This often results in a trade-off between survival and reproduction for the adults of many species, but such a trade-off may be manifested differently in juveniles not yet capable of reproduction. Whereas adults may allocate resources to current and/or future reproduction, juveniles can only allocate to future reproduction. Thus, juveniles should allocate resources toward traits that increase survival and their chances of future reproductive success. We manipulated allocation of resources to performance, via endurance exercise training, to examine trade-offs among endurance capacity, immune function and growth in juvenile green anole lizards. We trained male and female captive anoles on a treadmill for 8 weeks, with increasing intensity, and compared traits with those of untrained individuals. Our results show that training enhanced endurance capacity equally in both sexes, but immune function was suppressed only in females. Training had no effect on growth, but males had higher growth rates than females. Previous work showed that trained adults have enhanced growth, so juvenile growth is either insensitive to stimulation with exercise, or they are already growing at maximal rates. Our results add to a growing body of literature indicating that locomotor performance is an important part of life-history trade-offs that are sex and age specific. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

The Role of Latin America’s Land and Water Resources for Global Food Security: Environmental Trade-Offs of Future Food Production Pathways

PubMed Central

Flachsbarth, Insa; Willaarts, Bárbara; Xie, Hua; Pitois, Gauthier; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Ringler, Claudia; Garrido, Alberto

2015-01-01

One of humanity’s major challenges of the 21st century will be meeting future food demands on an increasingly resource constrained-planet. Global food production will have to rise by 70 percent between 2000 and 2050 to meet effective demand which poses major challenges to food production systems. Doing so without compromising environmental integrity is an even greater challenge. This study looks at the interdependencies between land and water resources, agricultural production and environmental outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), an area of growing importance in international agricultural markets. Special emphasis is given to the role of LAC’s agriculture for (a) global food security and (b) environmental sustainability. We use the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT)—a global dynamic partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector—to run different future production scenarios, and agricultural trade regimes out to 2050, and assess changes in related environmental indicators. Results indicate that further trade liberalization is crucial for improving food security globally, but that it would also lead to more environmental pressures in some regions across Latin America. Contrasting land expansion versus more intensified agriculture shows that productivity improvements are generally superior to agricultural land expansion, from an economic and environmental point of view. Finally, our analysis shows that there are trade-offs between environmental and food security goals for all agricultural development paths. PMID:25617621

The role of Latin America's land and water resources for global food security: environmental trade-offs of future food production pathways.

PubMed

Flachsbarth, Insa; Willaarts, Bárbara; Xie, Hua; Pitois, Gauthier; Mueller, Nathaniel D; Ringler, Claudia; Garrido, Alberto

2015-01-01

One of humanity's major challenges of the 21st century will be meeting future food demands on an increasingly resource constrained-planet. Global food production will have to rise by 70 percent between 2000 and 2050 to meet effective demand which poses major challenges to food production systems. Doing so without compromising environmental integrity is an even greater challenge. This study looks at the interdependencies between land and water resources, agricultural production and environmental outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), an area of growing importance in international agricultural markets. Special emphasis is given to the role of LAC's agriculture for (a) global food security and (b) environmental sustainability. We use the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT)-a global dynamic partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector-to run different future production scenarios, and agricultural trade regimes out to 2050, and assess changes in related environmental indicators. Results indicate that further trade liberalization is crucial for improving food security globally, but that it would also lead to more environmental pressures in some regions across Latin America. Contrasting land expansion versus more intensified agriculture shows that productivity improvements are generally superior to agricultural land expansion, from an economic and environmental point of view. Finally, our analysis shows that there are trade-offs between environmental and food security goals for all agricultural development paths.

The evolution of life history trade-offs in viruses.

PubMed

Goldhill, Daniel H; Turner, Paul E

2014-10-01

Viruses can suffer 'life-history' trade-offs that prevent simultaneous improvement in fitness traits, such as improved intrahost reproduction at the expense of reduced extrahost survival. Here we examine reproduction-survival trade-offs and other trait compromises, highlighting that experimental evolution can reveal trade-offs and their associated mechanisms. Whereas 'curse of the pharaoh' (high virulence with extreme stability) may generally apply for viruses of eukaryotes, we suggest phages are instead likely to suffer virulence/stability trade-offs. We examine how survival/reproduction trade-offs in viruses are affected by environmental stressors, proteins governing viral host range, and organization of the virus genome. Future studies incorporating comparative biology, experimental evolution, and structural biology, could thoroughly determine how viral trade-offs evolve, and whether they transiently or permanently constrain virus adaptation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mechanizing the Merc: The Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Rise of High-Frequency Trading.

PubMed

MacKenzie, Donald

2015-07-01

This article investigates one important strand in the evolution of today's high-frequency trading or HFT (the fast, automated trading of large numbers of financial securities). That strand is the history of the automation of trading on what has become the world's most prominent futures exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange or Merc. The process of the automation of the Merc was episodic, often driven by responses to perceived external threats, and involved both "local" politics and transnational considerations. The article discusses the relationship between the Merc's automation and the embodied, deeply social trading practices of the Merc's open-outcry trading pits, and compares how the Merc was mechanized with the quite different-and in a sense more explicitly "social"-project of automation launched by the Merc's rival, the Chicago Board of Trade.

78 FR 785 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-04

...; securities; options on securities and indices; futures contracts; options on futures contracts; forward... options, futures, or options on futures on, Shares through ETP Holders, in connection with such ETP... pool operator with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') and is a member of the National...

17 CFR 30.7 - Treatment of foreign futures or foreign options secured amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... day, unless the futures commission merchant's chief executive officer, chief finance officer or other... unsecured basis to finance a 30.7 customer's foreign futures and foreign options trading, nor may a futures... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Treatment of foreign futures...

17 CFR 41.42 - Customer margin requirements for security futures-authority, purpose, interpretation, and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... as being willing to buy and sell security futures for its own account on a regular or continuous... for security futures-authority, purpose, interpretation, and scope. 41.42 Section 41.42 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Customer Accounts and...

17 CFR 151.2 - Core Referenced Futures Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...); (vi) Chicago Board of Trade Wheat (W); (vii) ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 (CT); (viii) Kansas City... Rice (RR); (vi) ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa (CC); (vii) ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C (KC); (viii) ICE Futures U.S. FCOJ-A(OJ); (ix) ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 (SB); and (x) ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 16 (SF...

17 CFR 151.2 - Core Referenced Futures Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...); (vi) Chicago Board of Trade Wheat (W); (vii) ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 (CT); (viii) Kansas City... Rice (RR); (vi) ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa (CC); (vii) ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C (KC); (viii) ICE Futures U.S. FCOJ-A(OJ); (ix) ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 (SB); and (x) ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 16 (SF...

17 CFR 151.2 - Core Referenced Futures Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...); (vi) Chicago Board of Trade Wheat (W); (vii) ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 (CT); (viii) Kansas City... Rice (RR); (vi) ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa (CC); (vii) ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C (KC); (viii) ICE Futures U.S. FCOJ-A(OJ); (ix) ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 (SB); and (x) ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 16 (SF...

Modeling the future evolution of the virtual water trade network: A combination of network and gravity models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sartori, Martina; Schiavo, Stefano; Fracasso, Andrea; Riccaboni, Massimo

2017-12-01

The paper investigates how the topological features of the virtual water (VW) network and the size of the associated VW flows are likely to change over time, under different socio-economic and climate scenarios. We combine two alternative models of network formation -a stochastic and a fitness model, used to describe the structure of VW flows- with a gravity model of trade to predict the intensity of each bilateral flow. This combined approach is superior to existing methodologies in its ability to replicate the observed features of VW trade. The insights from the models are used to forecast future VW flows in 2020 and 2050, under different climatic scenarios, and compare them with future water availability. Results suggest that the current trend of VW exports is not sustainable for all countries. Moreover, our approach highlights that some VW importers might be exposed to "imported water stress" as they rely heavily on imports from countries whose water use is unsustainable.

17 CFR 37.1 - Scope and definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Scope and definition. 37.1 Section 37.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES... any board of trade operating as or applying to become registered as a derivatives transaction...

17 CFR 37.1 - Scope and definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope and definition. 37.1 Section 37.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES... any board of trade operating as or applying to become registered as a derivatives transaction...

17 CFR 5.7 - Minimum financial requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.7 Section 5.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... exchange dealers and futures commission merchants offering or engaging in retail forex transactions. (a)(1)(i) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex transactions and each...

17 CFR 5.7 - Minimum financial requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.7 Section 5.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... exchange dealers and futures commission merchants offering or engaging in retail forex transactions. (a)(1)(i) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex transactions and each...

17 CFR 5.7 - Minimum financial requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.7 Section 5.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... exchange dealers and futures commission merchants offering or engaging in retail forex transactions. (a)(1)(i) Each futures commission merchant offering or engaging in retail forex transactions and each...

75 FR 8682 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-25

... futures and options in the precious and base metals markets, and to consider Federal position limits in... precious and base metals markets and related hedge exemptions on regulated futures exchanges, derivatives... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity...

77 FR 35944 - Renewal of the Global Markets Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-15

... international standards for regulating futures, swaps, options, and derivatives markets, as well as..., competitive, and financially sound futures and options markets. Meetings of the Global Markets Advisory... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Renewal of the Global Markets Advisory Committee AGENCY...

78 FR 71686 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

..., Copies Available From: US Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of Investor Education and Advocacy... that futures commission merchants and introducing brokers registered with the Commidity Futures Trading Commission that conduct a business in security futures products must notice-register as broker-dealers...

Are personality differences in a small iteroparous mammal maintained by a life-history trade-off?

PubMed Central

Dammhahn, Melanie

2012-01-01

Despite increasing interest, animal personality is still a puzzling phenomenon. Several theoretical models have been proposed to explain intraindividual consistency and interindividual variation in behaviour, which have been primarily supported by qualitative data and simulations. Using an empirical approach, I tested predictions of one main life-history hypothesis, which posits that consistent individual differences in behaviour are favoured by a trade-off between current and future reproduction. Data on life-history were collected for individuals of a natural population of grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). Using open-field and novel-object tests, I quantified variation in activity, exploration and boldness for 117 individuals over 3 years. I found systematic variation in boldness between individuals of different residual reproductive value. Young males with low current but high expected future fitness were less bold than older males with high current fecundity, and males might increase in boldness with age. Females have low variation in assets and in boldness with age. Body condition was not related to boldness and only explained marginal variation in exploration. Overall, these data indicate that a trade-off between current and future reproduction might maintain personality variation in mouse lemurs, and thus provide empirical support of this life-history trade-off hypothesis. PMID:22398164

The future of emissions trading in light of the acid rain experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McLean, B.J.; Rico, R.

1995-12-31

The idea of emissions trading was developed more than two decades ago by environmental economists eager to provide new ideas for how to improve the efficiency of environmental protection. However, early emissions trading efforts were built on the historical {open_quotes}command and control{close_quotes} infrastructure which has dominated U.S. environmental protection until today. The {open_quotes}command and control{close_quotes} model initially had advantages that were of a very pragmatic character: it assured large pollution reductions in a time when large, cheap reductions were available and necessary; and it did not require a sophisticated government infrastructure. Within the last five years, large-scale emission trading programsmore » have been successfully designed and started that are fundamentally different from the earlier efforts, creating a new paradigm for environmental control just when our understanding of environmental problems is changing as well. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the largest national-scale program--the Acid Rain Program--and from that experience, forecast when emission trading programs may be headed based on our understanding of the factors currently influencing environmental management. The first section of this paper will briefly review the history of emissions trading programs, followed by a summary of the features of the Acid Rain Program, highlighting those features that distinguish it from previous efforts. The last section addresses the opportunities for emissions trading (and its probable future directions).« less

17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

17 CFR 4.13 - Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a commodity pool operator. 4.13 Section 4.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.13 Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator. This section is...

76 FR 29727 - Sunshine Act Meeting-Change of Time

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-23

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting--Change of Time The following notice of a time change for scheduled meetings is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in... Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: The Commission has changed the start time of previously scheduled...

DMT-TAFM: a data mining tool for technical analysis of futures market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stepanov, Vladimir; Sathaye, Archana

2002-03-01

Technical analysis of financial markets describes many patterns of market behavior. For practical use, all these descriptions need to be adjusted for each particular trading session. In this paper, we develop a data mining tool for technical analysis of the futures markets (DMT-TAFM), which dynamically generates rules based on the notion of the price pattern similarity. The tool consists of three main components. The first component provides visualization of data series on a chart with different ranges, scales, and chart sizes and types. The second component constructs pattern descriptions using sets of polynomials. The third component specifies the training set for mining, defines the similarity notion, and searches for a set of similar patterns. DMT-TAFM is useful to prepare the data, and then reveal and systemize statistical information about similar patterns found in any type of historical price series. We performed experiments with our tool on three decades of trading data fro hundred types of futures. Our results for this data set shows that, we can prove or disprove many well-known patterns based on real data, as well as reveal new ones, and use the set of relatively consistent patterns found during data mining for developing better futures trading strategies.

75 FR 77576 - General Regulations and Derivatives Clearing Organizations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-13

... Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed... clearing transactions in commodities for future delivery or commodity option transactions, or for effecting settlements of contracts for future delivery or commodity option transactions, for and between members of any...

75 FR 33788 - Renewal of the Global Markets Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

... appropriate international standards for regulating futures and derivatives markets, as well as intermediaries... financially sound futures and options markets. Meetings of the Global Markets Advisory Committee are open to... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Renewal of the Global Markets Advisory Committee AGENCY...

75 FR 26738 - Sunshine Act Meeting Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

... Considered: Agenda: (1) Consideration of the trading of futures and binary options based on motion picture... revenues collared futures and binary option contracts, and the Cantor Exchange (``Cantor'') The Expendables... related to MDEX's Takers opening weekend motion picture revenues collared futures and binary option...

Quantified moving average strategy of crude oil futures market based on fuzzy logic rules and genetic algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Xiaojia; An, Haizhong; Wang, Lijun; Guan, Qing

2017-09-01

The moving average strategy is a technical indicator that can generate trading signals to assist investment. While the trading signals tell the traders timing to buy or sell, the moving average cannot tell the trading volume, which is a crucial factor for investment. This paper proposes a fuzzy moving average strategy, in which the fuzzy logic rule is used to determine the strength of trading signals, i.e., the trading volume. To compose one fuzzy logic rule, we use four types of moving averages, the length of the moving average period, the fuzzy extent, and the recommend value. Ten fuzzy logic rules form a fuzzy set, which generates a rating level that decides the trading volume. In this process, we apply genetic algorithms to identify an optimal fuzzy logic rule set and utilize crude oil futures prices from the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) as the experiment data. Each experiment is repeated for 20 times. The results show that firstly the fuzzy moving average strategy can obtain a more stable rate of return than the moving average strategies. Secondly, holding amounts series is highly sensitive to price series. Thirdly, simple moving average methods are more efficient. Lastly, the fuzzy extents of extremely low, high, and very high are more popular. These results are helpful in investment decisions.

Structure and Controls of the Global Virtual Water Trade Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suweis, S. S.

2011-12-01

Recurrent or ephemeral water shortages are a crucial global challenge, in particular because of their impacts on food production. The global character of this challenge is reflected in the trade among nations of virtual water, i.e. the amount of water used to produce a given commodity. We build, analyze and model the network describing the transfer of virtual water between world nations for staple food products. We find that all the key features of the network are well described by a model, the fitness model, that reproduces both the topological and weighted properties of the global virtual water trade network, by assuming as sole controls each country's gross domestic product and yearly rainfall on agricultural areas. We capture and quantitatively describe the high degree of globalization of water trade and show that a small group of nations play a key role in the connectivity of the network and in the global redistribution of virtual water. Finally, we illustrate examples of prediction of the structure of the network under future political, economic and climatic scenarios, suggesting that the crucial importance of the countries that trade large volumes of water will be strengthened. Our results show the importance of incorporating a network framework in the study of virtual water trades and provide a model to study the structure and resilience of the GVWTN under future scenarios for social, economic and climate change.

Trade Space Assessment for Human Exploration Mission Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Joosten, B. Kent

2006-01-01

Many human space exploration mission architecture assessments have been performed over the years by diverse organizations and individuals. Direct comparison of metrics among these studies is extremely difficult due to widely varying assumptions involving projected technology readiness, mission goals, acceptable risk criteria, and socio-political environments. However, constant over the years have been the physical laws of celestial dynamics and rocket propulsion systems. A finite diverse yet finite architecture trade space should exist which captures methods of human exploration - particularly of the Moon and Mars - by delineating technical trades and cataloging the physically realizable options of each. A particular architectural approach should then have a traceable path through this "trade tree". It should be pointed out that not every permutation of paths will result in a physically realizable mission approach, but cataloging options that have been examined by past studies should help guide future analysis. This effort was undertaken in two phases by multi-center NASA working groups in the spring and summer of 2004 using more than thirty years of past studies to "flesh out" the Moon-Mars human exploration trade space. The results are presented, not as a "trade tree", which would be unwieldy, but as a "menu" of potential technical options as a function of mission phases. This is envisioned as a tool to aid future mission designers by offering guidance to relevant past analyses.

Teaching through Trade Books: You Light up My Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Royce, Christine Anne

2016-01-01

The abstract nature of physical science concepts often means that they are the most challenging for elementary students to grasp. Understanding how light behaves allows students to form a foundation for their future understanding. This month's trade books and activities engage students in basic concepts related to light.

17 CFR 38.651 - Protection of markets and market participants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and the structure of the market to detect trade practice and market abuses and to discipline such... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Protection of markets and market participants. 38.651 Section 38.651 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

17 CFR 38.651 - Protection of markets and market participants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... and the structure of the market to detect trade practice and market abuses and to discipline such... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Protection of markets and market participants. 38.651 Section 38.651 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... deliverable supply; (ii) A deliverable supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently... manipulation; or (iii)No cash market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this...

17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... deliverable supply; (ii) A deliverable supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently... manipulation; or (iii)No cash market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this...

17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... deliverable supply; (ii) A deliverable supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently... manipulation; or (iii)No cash market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this...

17 CFR 33.10 - Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions. 33.10 Section 33.10 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.10 Fraud in...

75 FR 41775 - Account Ownership and Control Report

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-19

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 16 RIN 3038-AC63 Account Ownership and Control... to collect certain ownership, control, and related information for all trading accounts active on U.S.... Comments may be submitted via e-mail at [email protected] . ``Account Ownership and Control Report'' must be in...

75 FR 14237 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-24

... other crude oil-related investments such as cash-settled options on Futures Contracts, forward contracts... options on crude oil Futures Contracts on principal futures exchanges in pursuing its investment objective... information relating to its trading in the underlying asset or commodity, related futures or options on...

17 CFR 1.30 - Loans by futures commission merchants; treatment of proceeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... funds on an unsecured basis to finance customers' trading, nor may a futures commission merchant loan... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Loans by futures commission merchants; treatment of proceeds. 1.30 Section 1.30 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES...

17 CFR 23.609 - Clearing member risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... management. 23.609 Section 23.609 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... Clearing member risk management. (a) With respect to clearing activities in futures, security futures...) Monitor for adherence to the risk-based limits intra-day and overnight; (4) Conduct stress tests under...

17 CFR 23.609 - Clearing member risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... management. 23.609 Section 23.609 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... Clearing member risk management. (a) With respect to clearing activities in futures, security futures...) Monitor for adherence to the risk-based limits intra-day and overnight; (4) Conduct stress tests under...

17 CFR 190.10 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... STATEMENT IS FURNISHED TO YOU BECAUSE RULE 190.10 (c) OF THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REQUIRES... any combination of the following: futures commission merchant, commodity option dealer, foreign... “from or for the commodity futures account” or “from or for the commodity options account” of such...

17 CFR 3.10 - Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing brokers, commodity trading advisors... Registration § 3.10 Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...)(3) of this section, application for registration as a futures commission merchant, retail foreign...

17 CFR 3.10 - Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing brokers, commodity trading advisors... Registration § 3.10 Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...)(3) of this section, application for registration as a futures commission merchant, retail foreign...

17 CFR 3.10 - Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing brokers, commodity trading advisors... Registration § 3.10 Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...)(3) of this section, application for registration as a futures commission merchant, retail foreign...

17 CFR 31.6 - Registration of leverage commodities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... commodities. 31.6 Section 31.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... applied to the National Futures Association for registration as a leverage transaction merchant; (2... the spot, forward, and futures markets for the generic commodity; (3) Specify a commercial or retail...

17 CFR 41.21 - Requirements for underlying securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Requirements for underlying securities. 41.21 Section 41.21 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Requirements and Standards for Listing Security Futures Products § 41.21...

Examining current or future trade-offs for biodiversity conservation in north-eastern Australia.

PubMed

Reside, April E; VanDerWal, Jeremy; Moilanen, Atte; Graham, Erin M

2017-01-01

With the high rate of ecosystem change already occurring and predicted to occur in the coming decades, long-term conservation has to account not only for current biodiversity but also for the biodiversity patterns anticipated for the future. The trade-offs between prioritising future biodiversity at the expense of current priorities must be understood to guide current conservation planning, but have been largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we compared the performance of four conservation planning solutions involving 662 vertebrate species in the Wet Tropics Natural Resource Management Cluster Region in north-eastern Australia. Input species data for the four planning solutions were: 1) current distributions; 2) projected distributions for 2055; 3) projected distributions for 2085; and 4) current, 2055 and 2085 projected distributions, and the connectivity between each of the three time periods for each species. The four planning solutions were remarkably similar (up to 85% overlap), suggesting that modelling for either current or future scenarios is sufficient for conversation planning for this region, with little obvious trade-off. Our analyses also revealed that overall, species with small ranges occurring across steep elevation gradients and at higher elevations were more likely to be better represented in all solutions. Given that species with these characteristics are of high conservation significance, our results provide confidence that conservation planning focused on either current, near- or distant-future biodiversity will account for these species.

Examining current or future trade-offs for biodiversity conservation in north-eastern Australia

PubMed Central

VanDerWal, Jeremy; Moilanen, Atte; Graham, Erin M.

2017-01-01

With the high rate of ecosystem change already occurring and predicted to occur in the coming decades, long-term conservation has to account not only for current biodiversity but also for the biodiversity patterns anticipated for the future. The trade-offs between prioritising future biodiversity at the expense of current priorities must be understood to guide current conservation planning, but have been largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we compared the performance of four conservation planning solutions involving 662 vertebrate species in the Wet Tropics Natural Resource Management Cluster Region in north-eastern Australia. Input species data for the four planning solutions were: 1) current distributions; 2) projected distributions for 2055; 3) projected distributions for 2085; and 4) current, 2055 and 2085 projected distributions, and the connectivity between each of the three time periods for each species. The four planning solutions were remarkably similar (up to 85% overlap), suggesting that modelling for either current or future scenarios is sufficient for conversation planning for this region, with little obvious trade-off. Our analyses also revealed that overall, species with small ranges occurring across steep elevation gradients and at higher elevations were more likely to be better represented in all solutions. Given that species with these characteristics are of high conservation significance, our results provide confidence that conservation planning focused on either current, near- or distant-future biodiversity will account for these species. PMID:28222199

Translations on Western Europe. Number 1153, The Danish Economy: A Projection for the Eighties

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-11-02

Source: Trades Council 3^ The leading economist of the Trades Council, Bjarne Hastrup , said that in the past we have believed too blindly in the...be expected in the repair field. Under director Blame Hastrup , Trades Coun- cil, said: "I expect legislation by the 1960’s [as written] at the...especially because of our tax system and the anticipated increase of leisure time in the future. But Bjarne Hastrup foresees on the basis of the current

17 CFR 30.9 - Fraudulent transactions prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... prohibited. 30.9 Section 30.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS § 30.9 Fraudulent transactions prohibited. It shall be unlawful... foreign futures contract or foreign options transaction: (a) To cheat or defraud or attempt to cheat or...

The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: Trading away our health?

PubMed

Ruckert, Arne; Schram, Ashley; Labonté, Ronald

2015-04-29

There is long-standing interest by the public health community in the potential implications of trade and investment agreements for public health. Our commentary highlights the main pathways by which the Trans-Pacific Partnerships (TPP), a comprehensive trade and investment agreement currently under negotiation, might undermine population health (based on analysis of and commentary about leaked chapters of the TPP), and calls for a more transparent and health-sensitive TPP negotiation process. We argue that use of comprehensive health impact assessments could be helpful in identifying how the potentially serious health consequences of the TPP and similar future international trade and investment agreements can be avoided, minimized or mitigated.

Emerging Issues and Future Prospects in the Management of Transnational Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bosire, Joseph; Amimo, Catherine

2017-01-01

Transnational Education has gained momentum under the auspices of the General Agreement on Trade in Services administered by World Trade Organizations which have provided for successful marketing of higher education across borders. This paper reviews past research, discussions and analyses on the topic on a global perspective. The objectives are…

75 FR 55310 - Performance of Registration Functions by National Futures Association With Respect to Retail...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

... CFTC Reauthorization Act of 2008 (``CRA'') with regard to off-exchange retail forex transactions.\\2... forex contracts, who pool customer money for the purpose of trading off-exchange currency contracts or... retail forex typically registered as FCMs, even though they may not have engaged in exchange-traded...

17 CFR 41.31 - Notice-designation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-designation requirements. (a) Any board of trade that is a national securities exchange, a national securities... electronic or hard copy form, shall be labeled as “Notice of Designation as a Contract Market in Security Futures Products,” and shall include: (1) The name and address of the board of trade; (2) The name and...

Women in Education for Apprenticeship and Non-Traditional Employment. Final Performance Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Portland Community Coll., OR.

This report describes a partnership between Portland Community College (Oregon), private industry, and public agencies to develop and implement a comprehensive program to recruit, train, and place women in apprenticeship and other nontraditional employment in the building trades. The Building Futures in Industry and Trades (B-FIT) program's final…

17 CFR Appendix B to Part 36 - Guidance on, and Acceptable Practices in, Compliance With Core Principles

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... have clear procedures and guidelines for decision-making regarding emergency intervention in the market... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS Pt. 36, App. B Appendix B to Part 36—Guidance on, and... trading in significant price discovery contracts to prevent market manipulation, price distortion, and...

Intellectual Property Rights: Governing Cultural and Educational Futures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kapitzke, Cushla

2006-01-01

This article uses Nikolas Rose's theory of governmentality to examine ways in which intellectual property is imbricated in a broad spectrum of globalised and globalising discourses. Using the 2004 Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement as a case in point, it shows how discourses of culture, trade, foreign policy, and security intersect and…

17 CFR 40.12 - Staying of certification and tolling of review period pending jurisdictional determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... novel derivative products. (1) A registered entity certifying, submitting for approval, or otherwise filing a proposal to list, trade, or clear a novel derivative product (other than a product subject to... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.12...

17 CFR 40.3 - Voluntary submission of new products for Commission review and approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.3 Voluntary submission of new... industry trade groups, academics, governmental bodies or other entities, reports of consultants, or other...) The submitting entity does not amend the terms or conditions of the product or supplement the request...

17 CFR 40.12 - Staying of certification and tolling of review period pending jurisdictional determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... novel derivative products. (1) A registered entity certifying, submitting for approval, or otherwise filing a proposal to list, trade, or clear a novel derivative product (other than a product subject to... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.12...

17 CFR 40.3 - Voluntary submission of new products for Commission review and approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.3 Voluntary submission of new... industry trade groups, academics, governmental bodies or other entities, reports of consultants, or other...) The submitting entity does not amend the terms or conditions of the product or supplement the request...

17 CFR 40.12 - Staying of certification and tolling of review period pending jurisdictional determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... novel derivative products. (1) A registered entity certifying, submitting for approval, or otherwise filing a proposal to list, trade, or clear a novel derivative product (other than a product subject to... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.12...

17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... its principal office and place of business outside of the United States, its territories or...; a commodity trading advisor that has its principal office and place of business in the United States... include transactions involving contracts for the purchase or sale of a commodity for future delivery or...

40 CFR 96.255 - Banking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 96.255 Banking. (a) CAIR SO2 allowances may be banked for future use or transfer in a compliance account or a general account in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Any CAIR SO2...

17 CFR 200.30-3 - Delegation of authority to Director of Division of Trading and Markets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... orders regarding, proposals for designation of a contract market for futures trading on an index or group... significant public interest that public comment should be obtained, in which case the Division will notify... on behalf of the Commission pursuant to the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing...

17 CFR 32.13 - Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exemption from prohibition of... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION... are met at the time of the solicitation or acceptance: (1) That person is registered with the...

17 CFR 7.200-7.201 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 7.200-7.201 Section 7.200-7.201 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CONTRACT MARKET RULES ALTERED OR SUPPLEMENTED BY THE COMMISSION Board of Trade of the City of Chicago Rules § 7.200-7...

17 CFR 7.200-7.201 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 7.200-7.201 Section 7.200-7.201 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CONTRACT MARKET RULES ALTERED OR SUPPLEMENTED BY THE COMMISSION Board of Trade of the City of Chicago Rules § 7.200-7...

Intellectual property rights and the Canadian pharmaceutical marketplace: where do we go from here?

PubMed

Lexchin, Joel

2005-01-01

Patent protection for prescription drugs has a long and contentious history in Canada. Bills C-22 and C-91, passed as part of Canada's commitment to various trade deals, first weakened and then abolished compulsory licensing. In order to decide on a future course of action that Canada should take on intellectual property rights (IPRs), it is useful to review downstream effects that resulted from C-22 and C-91. This article examines changes to employment, Canada's balance of trade in pharmaceuticals, investment in research and development, and drug expenditures. The author then reviews the arguments advanced by the pharmaceutical industry in favor of stronger protection for IPRs, the recent complaints made against Canada at the World Trade Organization regarding pharmaceutical IPRs, and the continuing argument about the "evergreening" of patents. Also discussed are the second-draft text agreement of the Free Trade Area of the Americas, which will, if implemented, have significant repercussions for pharmaceutical IPRs in Canada, and some ways in which patents distort the marketplace for drugs. The article concludes with some alternative recommendations on the future of IPRs.

17 CFR Appendix A to Part 151 - Spot-Month Position Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Contract Referencedcontract spot- month limit Agricultural Referenced Contracts ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa 1,000 ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C 500 Chicago Board of Trade Corn 600 ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 300 ICE Futures U.S. FCOJ-A 300 Chicago Mercantile Exchange Class III Milk 1,500 Chicago Mercantile...

75 FR 57823 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-22

... the CBOE Volatility Index Futures to the Definition of a Futures Reference Asset in Chapter IV... products linked to CBOE Volatility Index Futures (``VIX Futures''). The text of the proposed rule change is... for the trading of options on Index-Linked Securities to include products linked to CBOE Volatility...

Global trade and health: key linkages and future challenges.

PubMed Central

Bettcher, D. W.; Yach, D.; Guindon, G. E.

2000-01-01

Globalization of trade, marketing and investment has important implications for public health, both negative and positive. This article considers the implications of the single package of World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements for public health research and policy, focusing on three themes: commodities, intellectual property rights, and health services. The main aims of the analysis are as follows: to identify how trade issues are associated with the transnationalization of health risks and possible benefits; to identify key areas of research; and to suggest policy-relevant advice and interventions on trade and health issues. The next wave of international trade law will need to take more account of global public health issues. However, to become more engaged in global trade debates, the public health community must gain an understanding of the health effects of global trade agreements. It must also ensure that its own facts are correct, so that public health is not blindly used for political ends, such as justifying unwarranted economic protectionism. "Healthy trade" policies, based on firm empirical evidence and designed to improve health status, are an important step towards reaching a more sustainable form of trade liberalization. PMID:10885181

The fractal feature and price trend in the gold future market at the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SFE)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Binghui; Duan, Tingting

2017-05-01

The price of gold future is affected by many factors, which include the fluctuation of gold price and the change of trading environment. Fractal analysis can help investors gain better understandings of the price fluctuation and make reasonable investment decisions in the gold future market. After analyzing gold future price from January 2th, 2014 to April 12th, 2016 at the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SFE) in China, the conclusion is drawn that the gold future market has sustainability in each trading day, with all Hurst indexes greater than 0.5. The changing features of Hurst index indicate the sustainability of gold future market is strengthened first and weakened then. As a complicatedly nonlinear system, the gold future market can be well reflected by Elman neural network, which is capable of memorizing previous prices and particularly suited for forecasting time series in comparison with other types of neural networks. After analyzing the price trend in the gold future market, the results show that the relative error between the actual value of gold future and the predictive value of Elman neural network is smaller. This model that has a better performance in data fitting and predication, can help investors analyze and foresee the price tendency in the gold future market.

Molluscs for Sale: Assessment of Freshwater Gastropods and Bivalves in the Ornamental Pet Trade.

PubMed

Ng, Ting Hui; Tan, Siong Kiat; Wong, Wing Hing; Meier, Rudolf; Chan, Sow-Yan; Tan, Heok Hui; Yeo, Darren C J

2016-01-01

The ornamental pet trade is often considered a key culprit for conservation problems such as the introduction of invasive species (including infectious diseases) and overharvesting of rare species. Here, we present the first assessment of the biodiversity of freshwater molluscs in the ornamental pet trade in Singapore, one of the most important global hubs of the ornamental aquarium trade, and discuss associated conservation concerns. We recorded freshwater molluscs from ornamental pet shops and major exporters including non-ornamental species (e.g., hitchhikers, molluscs sold as fish feed). We recorded an unexpectedly high diversity-59 species-of freshwater bivalves and gastropods, with the majority (38 species or 64%) being from the Oriental region. In addition to morphological examination, we sequenced the DNA barcode region of mitochondrial CO1 and 16S genes to provide molecular data for the confirmation of the identification and for future re-identification. DNA barcodes were obtained for 50 species, and all but four were separated by > 3% uncorrected pairwise distances. The trade has been considered a main introduction pathway for non-native species to Singapore, and we found that out of 15 species in the trade as well as in the wild in Singapore, 12 are either introduced or of unknown origin, representing almost half of the known non-native freshwater molluscs in Singapore. Particularly prevalent are non-ornamental species: six hitchhikers on aquarium plants and six species sold as fish feed. We found that a quarter of the trade species have a history of introduction, which includes 11 known or potentially invasive species. We conclude that potential overharvesting is difficult to assess because only half of the trade species have been treated by IUCN. Of these, 21 species are of Least Concern and three are Data Deficient. Our checklist, with accompanying DNA barcodes, images, and museum vouchers, provides an important reference library for future monitoring, and constitutes a step toward creating a more sustainable ornamental pet trade.

Molluscs for Sale: Assessment of Freshwater Gastropods and Bivalves in the Ornamental Pet Trade

PubMed Central

Tan, Siong Kiat; Wong, Wing Hing; Meier, Rudolf; Chan, Sow-Yan; Tan, Heok Hui; Yeo, Darren C. J.

2016-01-01

The ornamental pet trade is often considered a key culprit for conservation problems such as the introduction of invasive species (including infectious diseases) and overharvesting of rare species. Here, we present the first assessment of the biodiversity of freshwater molluscs in the ornamental pet trade in Singapore, one of the most important global hubs of the ornamental aquarium trade, and discuss associated conservation concerns. We recorded freshwater molluscs from ornamental pet shops and major exporters including non-ornamental species (e.g., hitchhikers, molluscs sold as fish feed). We recorded an unexpectedly high diversity—59 species—of freshwater bivalves and gastropods, with the majority (38 species or 64%) being from the Oriental region. In addition to morphological examination, we sequenced the DNA barcode region of mitochondrial CO1 and 16S genes to provide molecular data for the confirmation of the identification and for future re-identification. DNA barcodes were obtained for 50 species, and all but four were separated by > 3% uncorrected pairwise distances. The trade has been considered a main introduction pathway for non-native species to Singapore, and we found that out of 15 species in the trade as well as in the wild in Singapore, 12 are either introduced or of unknown origin, representing almost half of the known non-native freshwater molluscs in Singapore. Particularly prevalent are non-ornamental species: six hitchhikers on aquarium plants and six species sold as fish feed. We found that a quarter of the trade species have a history of introduction, which includes 11 known or potentially invasive species. We conclude that potential overharvesting is difficult to assess because only half of the trade species have been treated by IUCN. Of these, 21 species are of Least Concern and three are Data Deficient. Our checklist, with accompanying DNA barcodes, images, and museum vouchers, provides an important reference library for future monitoring, and constitutes a step toward creating a more sustainable ornamental pet trade. PMID:27525660

78 FR 38416 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Miami International Securities Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-26

..., without limitation, options, equities, futures, derivatives, indexes, exchange traded funds, exchange...., equity and ETF, index, derivatives, futures, foreign currency, and even commodities products... low as $0.05).\\13\\ \\13\\ As an example, per the CME Web site, strike prices for options on futures may...

76 FR 22939 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; CBOE Futures Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-25

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-64153; File No. SR-CFE-2011-002] Self-Regulatory Organizations; CBOE Futures Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Listing and Trading CBOE Gold ETF Volatility Index Security Futures...

The Vision of "Industrie 4.0" in the Making-a Case of Future Told, Tamed, and Traded.

PubMed

Pfeiffer, Sabine

2017-01-01

Since industrial trade fair Hannover Messe 2011, the term "Industrie 4.0" has ignited a vision of a new Industrial Revolution and has been inspiring a lively, ongoing debate among the German public about the future of work, and hence society, ever since. The discourse around this vision of the future eventually spread to other countries, with public awareness reaching a temporary peak in 2016 when the World Economic Forum's meeting in Davos was held with the motto "Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution." How is it possible for a vision originally established by three German engineers to unfold and bear fruit at a global level in such a short period of time? This article begins with a summary of the key ideas that are discussed under the label Industrie 4.0. The main purpose, based on an in-depth discourse analysis, is to debunk the myth about the origin of this powerful vision and to trace the narrative back to the global economic crisis in 2009 and thus to the real actors, central discourse patterns, and hidden intentions of this vision of a new Industrial Revolution. In conclusion, the discourse analysis reveals that this is not a case of visioneering but one of a future told, tamed, and traded.

75 FR 71773 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-24

... securities index options, index futures, and options on index futures to be included along with the ETF in an... hedged not only with SPY shares, but with S&P 500 options, S&P 500 futures, options on S&P 500 futures or... on a delta basis. \\9\\ ``Other units of trade'' would include, for example, options or futures...

Inequality or injustice in water use for food?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carr, J. A.; Seekell, D. A.; D'Odorico, P.

2015-02-01

The global distributions of water availability and population density are uneven and therefore inequality exists in human access to freshwater resources. Is this inequality unjust or only regrettable? To examine this question we formulated and evaluated elementary principles of water ethics relative to human rights for water, and the need for global trade to improve societal access to water by transferring ‘virtual water’ embedded in plant and animal commodities. We defined human welfare benchmarks and evaluated patterns of water use with and without trade over a 25-year period to identify the influence of trade and inequality on equitability of water use. We found that trade improves mean water use and wellbeing, relative to human welfare benchmarks, suggesting that inequality is regrettable but not necessarily unjust. However, trade has not significantly contributed to redressing inequality. Hence, directed trade decisions can improve future conditions of water and food scarcity through reduced inequality.

Trade liberalization and the diet transition: a public health response.

PubMed

Rayner, Geof; Hawkes, Corinna; Lang, Tim; Bello, Walden

2006-12-01

Trade liberalization remains at the forefront of debates around globalization, particularly around the impact on agriculture and food. These debates, which often focus on how poorer countries can 'trade their way' out of poverty, pay limited attention to dietary health, especially in the light of the WHO's Global Strategy for Diet, Physical Activity and Health (2004), which warned that future health burdens will be increasingly determined by diet-related chronic diseases. This article examines the diet transition as the absent factor within debates on liberalizing trade and commerce. We describe the evolution of trade agreements, noting those relevant to food. We review the association between trade liberalization and changes in the global dietary and disease profile. We illustrate some of the complex linkages between trade liberalization and the 'diet transition', illustrated by factors such as foreign direct investment, supermarketization and cultural change. Finally, we offer three scenarios for change, suggesting the need for more effective 'food governance' and engagement by public health advocates in policy making in the food and agriculture arena.

Advancing Public Health on the Changing Global Trade and Investment Agenda

PubMed Central

Thow, Anne Marie; Gleeson, Deborah

2017-01-01

Concerns regarding the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) have raised awareness about the negative public health impacts of trade and investment agreements. In the past decade, we have learned much about the implications of trade agreements for public health: reduced equity in access to health services; increased flows of unhealthy commodities; limits on access to medicines; and constrained policy space for health. Getting health on the trade agenda continues to prove challenging, despite some progress in moving towards policy coherence. Recent changes in trade and investment agendas highlight an opportunity for public health researchers and practitioners to engage in highly politicized debates about how future economic policy can protect and support equitable public health outcomes. To fulfil this opportunity, public health attention now needs to turn to strengthening policy coherence between trade and health, and identifying how solutions can be implemented. Key strategies include research agendas that address politics and power, and capacity building for both trade and health officials. PMID:28812819

76 FR 20835 - Order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Relating to the Continuation, Shutdown, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-14

... (financial reports of futures commission merchants (FCMs) and introducing brokers (IBs)), regulation 1.12 filings (notice provisions required of FCMs and IBs), regulation 1.17 filings (capital requirements...

Limited take-up of health coverage tax credits: a challenge to future tax credit design.

PubMed

Dorn, Stan; Varon, Janet; Pervez, Fouad

2005-10-01

The Trade Act of 2002 created federal tax credits to subsidize health coverage for certain early retirees and workers displaced by international trade. Though small, this program offers the opportunity to learn how to design future tax credits for larger groups of uninsured. During September 2004, the most recent month for which there are data about all forms of Trade Act credits, roughly 22 percent of eligible individuals received credits. The authors find that health insurance tax credits are more likely to reach their target populations if such credits: 1) limit premium costs for the low-income uninsured and do not require full premium payments while applications are pending; 2) provide access to coverage that beneficiaries value, including care for preexisting conditions; 3) are combined with outreach that uses easily understandable, multilingual materials and proactive enrollment efforts; and 4) feature a simple application process involving one form filed with one agency.

The roles of the immune system in women's reproduction: evolutionary constraints and life history trade-offs.

PubMed

Abrams, Elizabeth T; Miller, Elizabeth M

2011-01-01

Life history theory posits that, as long as survival is assured, finite resources are available for reproduction, maintenance, and growth/storage. To maximize lifetime reproductive success, resources are subject to trade-offs both within individuals and between current and future investment. For women, reproducing is costly and time-consuming; the bulk of available resources must be allocated to reproduction at the expense of more flexible systems like immune function. When reproducing women contract infectious diseases, the resources required for immune activation can fundamentally shift the patterns of resource allocation. Adding to the complexity of the reproductive-immune trade-offs in women are the pleiotropic effects of many immune factors, which were modified to serve key roles in mammalian reproduction. In this review, we explore the complex intersections between immune function and female reproduction to situate proximate immunological processes within a life history framework. After a brief overview of the immune system, we discuss some important physiological roles of immune factors in women's reproduction and the conflicts that may arise when these factors must play dual roles. We then discuss the influence of reproductive-immune trade-offs on the patterning of lifetime reproductive success: (1) the effect of immune activation/infectious disease on the timing of life history events; (2) the role of the immune system, immune activation, and infectious disease on resource allocation within individual reproductive events, particularly pregnancy; and (3) the role of the immune system in shaping the offspring's patterns of future life history trade-offs. We close with a discussion of future directions in reproductive immunology for anthropologists. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Theory of choice in bandit, information sampling and foraging tasks.

PubMed

Averbeck, Bruno B

2015-03-01

Decision making has been studied with a wide array of tasks. Here we examine the theoretical structure of bandit, information sampling and foraging tasks. These tasks move beyond tasks where the choice in the current trial does not affect future expected rewards. We have modeled these tasks using Markov decision processes (MDPs). MDPs provide a general framework for modeling tasks in which decisions affect the information on which future choices will be made. Under the assumption that agents are maximizing expected rewards, MDPs provide normative solutions. We find that all three classes of tasks pose choices among actions which trade-off immediate and future expected rewards. The tasks drive these trade-offs in unique ways, however. For bandit and information sampling tasks, increasing uncertainty or the time horizon shifts value to actions that pay-off in the future. Correspondingly, decreasing uncertainty increases the relative value of actions that pay-off immediately. For foraging tasks the time-horizon plays the dominant role, as choices do not affect future uncertainty in these tasks.

17 CFR Appendix B to Part 30 - Interpretative Statement With Respect to the Secured Amount Requirement Set Forth in § 30.7

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS Pt... foreign futures and foreign options customers to maintain in a separate account or accounts such money... to those customers. 1 This amount is denominated as the “foreign futures or foreign options secured...

17 CFR 240.3a43-1 - Customer-related government securities activities incidental to the futures-related business of a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Customer-related government securities activities incidental to the futures-related business of a futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. 240.3a43-1 Section 240.3a43-1 Commodity and Securities...

78 FR 66790 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; CBOE Futures Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-06

... Transactions and Block Trades October 31, 2013. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(7) of the Securities Exchange Act of... contained in CFE Rules 414 (Exchange of Contract for Related Position) (``ECRP'') and 415 (Block Trading... requirements relating to ECRP transactions) and CFE Rule 415 (which sets forth requirements relating to Block...

77 FR 38117 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Order Granting Approval of Proposed Rule Change To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-26

... monitoring of the Fund's sub-advisors; (ii) the assessment of performance and potential needs to modify strategy or change sub- advisors; (iii) the determination of the Fund's administrative policies; (iv) the... trading advisor (``CTA'') with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') and is a member of the...

77 FR 65747 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; CBOE Futures Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-30

... money passes, CFE Rule 618 relating to accommodation trading, and CFE Rule 619 relating to front-running... orders for different accounts with common beneficial ownership that are entered with the intent to negate... Law. CFE Rule 619 regarding front running is proposed to provide that no Trading Privilege Holder nor...

Life-history strategies of North American elk: trade-offs associated with reproduction and survival

Treesearch

Sabrina Morano; Kelley M. Stewart; James S. Sedinger; Christopher A. Nicolai; Marty Vavra

2013-01-01

The principle of energy allocation states that individuals should attempt to maximize fitness by allocating resources optimally among growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Such allocation may result in trade-offs between survival and reproduction, or between current and future reproduction. We used a marked population of North American elk (Cervus elaphus...

40 CFR 97.255 - Banking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 97.255 Banking. (a) CAIR SO2 allowances may be banked for future use or transfer in a compliance account or a general account in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Any CAIR SO2 allowance that is held...

Ecosystem service provision in a changing Europe: adapting to the impacts of combined climate and socio-economic change.

PubMed

Dunford, Robert W; Smith, Alison C; Harrison, Paula A; Hanganu, Diana

Future patterns of European ecosystem services provision are likely to vary significantly as a result of climatic and socio-economic change and the implementation of adaptation strategies. However, there is little research in mapping future ecosystem services and no integrated assessment approach to map the combined impacts of these drivers. Map changing patterns in ecosystem services for different European futures and (a) identify the role of driving forces; (b) explore the potential influence of different adaptation options. The CLIMSAVE integrated assessment platform is used to map spatial patterns in services (food, water and timber provision, atmospheric regulation, biodiversity existence/bequest, landscape experience and land use diversity) for a number of combined climatic and socio-economic scenarios. Eight adaptation strategies are explored within each scenario. Future service provision (particularly water provision) will be significantly impacted by climate change. Socio-economic changes shift patterns of service provision: more dystopian societies focus on food provision at the expense of other services. Adaptation options offer significant opportunities, but may necessitate trade-offs between services, particularly between agriculture- and forestry-related services. Unavoidable trade-offs between regions (particularly South-North) are also identified in some scenarios. Coordinating adaptation across regions and sectors will be essential to ensure that all needs are met: a factor that will become increasingly pressing under dystopian futures where inter-regional cooperation breaks down. Integrated assessment enables exploration of interactions and trade-offs between ecosystem services, highlighting the importance of taking account of complex cross-sectoral interactions under different future scenarios of planning adaptation responses.

Pasture intensification is insufficient to relieve pressure on conservation priority areas in open agricultural markets.

PubMed

Kreidenweis, Ulrich; Humpenöder, Florian; Kehoe, Laura; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Popp, Alexander

2018-04-17

Agricultural expansion is a leading driver of biodiversity loss across the world, but little is known on how future land-use change may encroach on remaining natural vegetation. This uncertainty is, in part, due to unknown levels of future agricultural intensification and international trade. Using an economic land-use model, we assessed potential future losses of natural vegetation with a focus on how these may threaten biodiversity hotspots and intact forest landscapes. We analysed agricultural expansion under proactive and reactive biodiversity protection scenarios, and for different rates of pasture intensification. We found growing food demand to lead to a significant expansion of cropland at the expense of pastures and natural vegetation. In our reference scenario, global cropland area increased by more than 400 Mha between 2015 and 2050, mostly in Africa and Latin America. Grazing intensification was a main determinant of future land-use change. In Africa, higher rates of pasture intensification resulted in smaller losses of natural vegetation, and reduced pressure on biodiversity hotspots and intact forest landscapes. Investments into raising pasture productivity in conjunction with proactive land-use planning appear essential in Africa to reduce further losses of areas with high conservation value. In Latin America, in contrast, higher pasture productivity resulted in increased livestock exports, highlighting that unchecked trade can reduce the land savings of pasture intensification. Reactive protection of sensitive areas significantly reduced the conversion of natural ecosystems in Latin America. We conclude that protection strategies need to adapt to region-specific trade positions. In regions with a high involvement in international trade, area-based conservation measures should be preferred over strategies aimed at increasing pasture productivity, which by themselves might not be sufficient to protect biodiversity effectively. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

International trade versus public health during the FCTC negotiations, 1999-2003.

PubMed

Mamudu, Hadii M; Hammond, Ross; Glantz, Stanton A

2011-01-01

To examine why the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control did not include an explicit trade provision and delineate the central arguments in the debate over trade provision during the negotiations. Triangulate interviews with participants in the FCTC negotiations, the FCTC negotiations documents, and tobacco industry documents. An explicit FCTC trade provision on relation between international trade and public health became a contentious issue during the negotiations. As a result, two conflicting positions, health-over-trade and opposition to health-over-trade emerged. Opposition to explicit trade language giving health priority was by both tobacco industry and countries that generally supported strong FCTC provisions because of concerns over 'disguised protectionism' and setting a precedent whereby governments could forfeit their obligations under pre-existing treaties. Owing to lack of consensus among political actors involved in the negotiations, a compromise position eliminating any mention of trade emerged, which was predicated on belief among some in the public health community that public health would prevail in future trade versus health conflicts. The absence of an explicit FCTC trade provision was due to a political compromise rather than the impact of international trade agreements and decisions on public health and lack of consensus among health advocates. This failure to include an explicit trade provision in the FCTC suggests that the public health community should become more involved in trade and health issues at all levels of governance and press the FCTC Conference of the Parties for clarification of this critical issue.

Prediction in complex systems: The case of the international trade network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vidmer, Alexandre; Zeng, An; Medo, Matúš; Zhang, Yi-Cheng

2015-10-01

Predicting the future evolution of complex systems is one of the main challenges in complexity science. Based on a current snapshot of a network, link prediction algorithms aim to predict its future evolution. We apply here link prediction algorithms to data on the international trade between countries. This data can be represented as a complex network where links connect countries with the products that they export. Link prediction techniques based on heat and mass diffusion processes are employed to obtain predictions for products exported in the future. These baseline predictions are improved using a recent metric of country fitness and product similarity. The overall best results are achieved with a newly developed metric of product similarity which takes advantage of causality in the network evolution.

76 FR 14943 - Antidisruptive Practices Authority

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

.... Higgins, Counsel to the Director of Enforcement, 202-418- 5864, [email protected] , Commodity Futures... Prohibit Disruptive Trading a. Panelists: Tom Gira--Financial Industry Regulatory Authority; Chris Heymeyer.... Panelists: Tom Gira--Financial Industry Regulatory Authority; Chris Heymeyer--National Futures Association...

78 FR 52166 - Quantitative Messaging Research

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Quantitative Messaging Research AGENCY: Commodity Futures... survey will follow qualitative message testing research (for which CFTC received fast-track OMB approval... message testing research (for which CFTC received fast-track OMB approval) and is necessary to identify...

Scenarios reveal pathways to sustain future ecosystem services in an agricultural landscape.

PubMed

Qiu, Jiangxiao; Carpenter, Stephen R; Booth, Eric G; Motew, Melissa; Zipper, Samuel C; Kucharik, Christopher J; Chen, Xi; Loheide, Steven P; Seifert, Jenny; Turner, Monica G

2018-01-01

Sustaining food production, water quality, soil retention, flood, and climate regulation in agricultural landscapes is a pressing global challenge given accelerating environmental changes. Scenarios are stories about plausible futures, and scenarios can be integrated with biophysical simulation models to explore quantitatively how the future might unfold. However, few studies have incorporated a wide range of drivers (e.g., climate, land-use, management, population, human diet) in spatially explicit, process-based models to investigate spatial-temporal dynamics and relationships of a portfolio of ecosystem services. Here, we simulated nine ecosystem services (three provisioning and six regulating services) at 220 × 220 m from 2010 to 2070 under four contrasting scenarios in the 1,345-km 2 Yahara Watershed (Wisconsin, USA) using Agro-IBIS, a dynamic model of terrestrial ecosystem processes, biogeochemistry, water, and energy balance. We asked (1) How does ecosystem service supply vary among alternative future scenarios? (2) Where on the landscape is the provision of ecosystem services most susceptible to future social-ecological changes? (3) Among alternative future scenarios, are relationships (i.e., trade-offs, synergies) among food production, water, and biogeochemical services consistent over time? Our results showed that food production varied substantially with future land-use choices and management, and its trade-offs with water quality and soil retention persisted under most scenarios. However, pathways to mitigate or even reverse such trade-offs through technological advances and sustainable agricultural practices were apparent. Consistent relationships among regulating services were identified across scenarios (e.g., trade-offs of freshwater supply vs. flood and climate regulation, and synergies among water quality, soil retention, and climate regulation), suggesting opportunities and challenges to sustaining these services. In particular, proactive land-use changes and management may buffer water quality against undesirable future climate changes, but changing climate may overwhelm management efforts to sustain freshwater supply and flood regulation. Spatially, changes in ecosystem services were heterogeneous across the landscape, underscoring the power of local actions and fine-scale management. Our research highlights the value of embracing spatial and temporal perspectives in managing ecosystem services and their complex interactions, and provides a system-level understanding for achieving sustainability of the food-water-climate nexus in agricultural landscapes. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.

78 FR 26093 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing of Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-03

... Include Options on Interest Rate Futures Contracts With Maturities Not Longer Than Two Years In The One... of the proposed rule change is to include options on interest rate futures contracts with maturities... Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') as a derivatives clearing organization (``DCO'') pursuant to Section...

78 FR 70610 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-26

...-traded futures contracts, options on futures contracts and swap agreements. Generally, derivatives are... to invest in derivative instruments, such as options contracts, futures contracts and swap agreements... derivatives will allow the Fund to selectively add diversifying sources of return from selling options. Option...

75 FR 37406 - Order Exempting the Trading and Clearing of Certain Products Related to ETFS Physical Swiss Gold...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-29

... to security futures), and in either case cleared through the Options Clearing Corporation (``OCC... contract market or derivatives transaction execution facility for transactions for future delivery in any... of the Options and Security Futures on Gold and Silver Products. In enacting Section 4(c), Congress...

78 FR 65402 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

... trade VIX derivatives (e.g., options and futures) often hedge their positions with the SPX option series... options and futures. Because those option series are typically used to hedge VIX derivatives, market... settlement date for volatility index options and futures, modified Hybrid Opening System (HOSS) opening...

17 CFR 22.17 - Policies and procedures governing disbursements of Cleared Swaps Customer Collateral from Cleared...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Section 22.17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CLEARED SWAPS § 22... of Cleared Swaps Customer Collateral with the funds of a futures commission merchant, shall not be construed to prevent a futures commission merchant from having a residual financial interest in the funds...

17 CFR 5.13 - Reporting to customers of retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission merchants...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reporting to customers of....13 Section 5.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.13 Reporting to customers of retail foreign exchange dealers and futures...

17 CFR 21.03 - Selected special calls-duties of foreign brokers, domestic and foreign traders, futures...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Selected special calls-duties... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SPECIAL CALLS § 21.03 Selected special calls-duties of foreign brokers... market, the Commission may issue a call for information from a futures commission merchant, clearing...

17 CFR 240.31 - Section 31 transaction fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of a security future settled by physical delivery) or covered round turn transaction that a covered... resulting from the maturation of a security future settled by physical delivery; and (iv) The trade date.... (6) Covered sale means a sale of a security, other than an exempt sale or a sale of a security future...

77 FR 59231 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing of Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-26

... Margining of Segregated Futures Customer Accounts on a Gross Basis September 20, 2012. Pursuant to Section... Change The proposed rule change would allow OCC to become compliant with Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') Rule 39.13(g)(8)(i) which requires the margining of segregated futures customer...

75 FR 75162 - Protection of Cleared Swaps Customers Before and After Commodity Broker Bankruptcies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-02

... are different from the current model for protecting futures customer collateral would bring... 10-11. (4) Baseline Model--The current approach to futures. The rights and obligations arising out of... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 190 RIN 3038-AD99 Protection of Cleared Swaps...

Trade liberalization and social determinants of health: A state of the literature review.

PubMed

McNamara, Courtney

2017-03-01

The health impacts of trade liberalization are often described in relation to access to medicines, changing dietary patterns, tobacco use and alcohol consumption. The impacts of trade liberalization on the social determinants of health (SDH), are by contrast, less well known. Missing is an account of how liberalizing processes identified across different research areas relate to each other and how the association between trade liberalization and health is conceptualized within each of them, especially with reference to SDH. This paper presents a systematic review which provides a more complete picture of the pathways between trade liberalization and health, with special attention to SDH pathways. This picture captures the interrelationships between different areas of investigation, along with current limitations of our understanding and recommendations for future research. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The allowance exchange - ALEX

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mangis, J.K.; Miller, C.; Nicholas, J.

1997-12-31

The success of market approaches to pollution control in reducing the cost of compliance with environmental regulation, has insured the inclusion of emissions trading programs in current and future regulatory programs. As these environmental trading programs multiply, (SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, Ozone Precursors, Wetlands, CO{sub 2} and others), utility companies will need a central location to buy, sell, and trade these allowances to meet regulatory needs. In response, SAIC has designed and prototyped an electronic trading system that can provide a common forum for the location and exchange of environmental allowances, marketable permits, and other market based instruments for environmentalmore » management. SAIC intends to open and operate the Allowance Exchange (ALEX) for the trading of all environmental allowances, associated with the operation of electric utilities, as a service to the nation, the industry, and the environmental community.« less

75 FR 63530 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-15

... services such as Bloomberg or Reuters. The relevant futures exchanges also provide delayed futures information on current and past trading sessions and market news free of charge on their respective Web sites...

78 FR 64202 - Quantitative Messaging Research

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Quantitative Messaging Research AGENCY: Commodity Futures... survey will follow qualitative message testing research (for which CFTC received fast- track OMB approval... comments. Please submit your comments using only one method and identify that it is for the ``Quantitative...

17 CFR Appendix C to Part 30 - Foreign Petitioners Granted Relief From the Application of Certain of the Part 30 Rules Pursuant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS..., 1995, 60 FR 30466. Firms designated by the New Zealand Futures and Options Exchange (“NZFOE”). FR date... Certain of the Part 30 Rules Pursuant to § 30.10 Firms designated by the Sydney Futures Exchange Limited...

The World Trade Center attack. Observations from New York's Bellevue Hospital.

PubMed

Roccaforte, J D

2001-12-01

This report describes selected aspects of the response by Bellevue Hospital Center to the World Trade Center attack of 11 September 2001. The hospital is 2.5 miles (4 km) from the site of the attack. These first-hand observations and this analysis may aid in future preparations. Key issues described relate to communication, organization, injuries treated, staffing, and logistics.

NASA CONNECT(TradeMark): Space Suit Science in the Classroom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, William B.; Giersch, Chris; Bensen, William E.; Holland, Susan M.

2003-01-01

NASA CONNECT's(TradeMark) program titled Functions and Statistics: Dressed for Space initially aired on Public Broadcasting Stations (PBS) nationwide on May 9, 2002. The program traces the evolution of past space suit technologies in the design of space suits for future flight. It serves as the stage to provide educators, parents, and students "space suit science" in the classroom.

Transforming Social and Educational Governance: Trade Training Centres and the Transition to Social Investment Politics in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hay, Stephen

2009-01-01

Prior to its election to office in 2007, the Australian Labor Party announced a commitment to introduce Trade Training Centres (TTCs) into all Australian secondary schools as an initiative of its Education Revolution. TTCs were proposed as a key element of Federal Labor's education and training policy that aimed to manage future risks to…

78 FR 54507 - Clearing Agency; the Options Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-04

... outstanding shareholders and overall trading volume. The STANS system currently takes into account the risk to... volume). If the net long position in the account, as adjusted for the delta of short option and futures..., particularly where the average daily trading volume of the deposited security is low, while taking into account...

Forecasting the VCR: A Retrospective Assessment of Media Trade Press and Academic Forecasts of Its Impact on Broadcasting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Napoli, Philip M.

Retrospective technology assessment (RTA) is the use of historical research to assess current and future technology issues. This paper uses the introduction of the videocassette recorder (VCR) as an RTA case study, focusing on the broadcasting and advertising trade presses and their forecasts of the VCR's potential impact on broadcasting. Trade…

17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... or the underlying futures or cash markets, or is otherwise contrary to the public interest: Provided... trading presents a substantial risk to the public interest. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 3038-0007) [46 FR 54529, Nov. 3, 1981, as amended at 46 FR 63036, Dec. 30...

17 CFR Appendix C to Part 4 - Form CTA-PR

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Form CTA-PR C Appendix C to Part 4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Pt. 4, App. C Appendix C to Part 4—Form CTA-PR ER24FE12.052 ER24FE12...

Speculation on commodities futures markets and destabilization of global food prices: exploring the connections.

PubMed

Ghosh, Jayati; Heintz, James; Pollin, Robert

2012-01-01

In December 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Food Price Index surpassed its previous peak of June 2008, and prices remained at this level through September 2011. This pattern is creating justified fears of a renewal or intensification of the global food crisis. This paper reviews arguments and evidence to inform debates on how to regulate commodity futures markets in the face of such price volatility and sustained high prices. We focus on the relationship between market liquidity and price patterns in asset markets in general and in commodities futures markets in particular, as well as the relationship between spot and futures market prices for food. We find strong evidence supporting the need to limit huge increases in trading volume on futures markets through regulations. We find that arguments opposing regulation are not supported. We find no support for the claim that liquidity in futures markets stabilizes prices at "fundamental" values or that spot market prices are free of any significant influence from futures markets. Given these results, the most appropriate position for regulators is precautionary: they should enact and enforce policies capable of effectively dampening excessive speculative trading on the commodities markets for food.

17 CFR 5.14 - Records to be kept by retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission merchants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Records to be kept by retail foreign exchange dealers and futures commission merchants. 5.14 Section 5.14 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.14 Records to...

75 FR 34429 - Petition of Hard Eight Futures, LLC for Exemptive Relief, Pursuant to Section 4(c) of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-17

... conditions, to trade foreign non- narrow-based security index futures contracts where the foreign exchange... futures on broad-based security indexes; (ii) the securities comprising such an index are principally... the person within ten (10) business days that the claimant does not meet the requirements of the...

17 CFR 3.10 - Registration of futures commission merchants, introducing brokers, commodity trading advisors...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the fingerprints of that principal on a fingerprint card provided by the National Futures Association... exemption from the fingerprint requirement pursuant to § 3.21(c) or has a current Form 8-R on file with the Commission or the National Futures Association, the fingerprints of that principal do not need to accompany...

International trade versus public health during the FCTC negotiations, 1999-2003

PubMed Central

Mamudu, Hadii M; Hammond, Ross; Glantz, Stanton A

2011-01-01

Objective To examine why the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control did not include an explicit trade provision and delineate the central arguments in the debate over trade provision during the negotiations. Methods Triangulate interviews with participants in the FCTC negotiations, the FCTC negotiations documents, and tobacco industry documents. Results An explicit FCTC trade provision on relation between international trade and public health became a contentious issue during the negotiations. As a result, two conflicting positions, health-over-trade and opposition to health-over-trade emerged. Opposition to explicit trade language giving health priority was by both tobacco industry and countries that generally supported strong FCTC provisions because of concerns over ‘disguised protectionism’ and setting a precedent whereby governments could forfeit their obligations under pre-existing treaties. Owing to lack of consensus among political actors involved in the negotiations, a compromise position eliminating any mention of trade emerged, which was predicated on belief among some in the public health community that public health would prevail in future trade versus health conflicts. Conclusion The absence of an explicit FCTC trade provision was due to a political compromise rather than the impact of international trade agreements and decisions on public health and lack of consensus among health advocates. This failure to include an explicit trade provision in the FCTC suggests that the public health community should become more involved in trade and health issues at all levels of governance and press the FCTC Conference of the Parties for clarification of this critical issue. PMID:20943828

The market effectiveness of electricity reform: A case of carbon emissions trading market of Shenzhen city

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yongli; Wang, Gang; Zuo, Yi; Fan, Lisha; Xiao, Yao

2017-03-01

In the 13th Five-Year Plan, the Chinese government proposed to achieve the national carbon emission trading market established by 2017. The establishment of carbon emission trading market is the most important one in power reform, which helps to promote the power reform and achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction. As the bond of connecting environment energy issues and the economic development, carbon emissions trading market has become a hot research topic in the related fields, by market means, it incentive the lower cost subject emissions to undertake more reductions and therefore to benefit, the body of the high cost finished the task by buying quota reduction, to achieve the effect of having the least social total cost. Shenzhen has become the first city in China to start carbon trading pilot formally on June 16, 2013, online trading on June 18. The paper analyzes the market effectiveness of electricity reform in China, which takes carbon emissions trading market of Shenzhen city for example, and gives some suggestions for future development.

17 CFR 38.605 - Requirements for financial surveillance program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Requirements for financial surveillance program. 38.605 Section 38.605 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... financial surveillance program. A designated contract market's financial surveillance program for futures...

17 CFR 38.605 - Requirements for financial surveillance program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Requirements for financial surveillance program. 38.605 Section 38.605 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... financial surveillance program. A designated contract market's financial surveillance program for futures...

17 CFR 41.2 - Required records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Required records. 41.2 Section 41.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS General Provisions § 41.2 Required records. A designated contract market or registered derivatives...

Summarizing the evidence on the international trade in illegal wildlife.

PubMed

Rosen, Gail Emilia; Smith, Katherine F

2010-08-01

The global trade in illegal wildlife is a multi-billion dollar industry that threatens biodiversity and acts as a potential avenue for invasive species and disease spread. Despite the broad-sweeping implications of illegal wildlife sales, scientists have yet to describe the scope and scale of the trade. Here, we provide the most thorough and current description of the illegal wildlife trade using 12 years of seizure records compiled by TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network. These records comprise 967 seizures including massive quantities of ivory, tiger skins, live reptiles, and other endangered wildlife and wildlife products. Most seizures originate in Southeast Asia, a recently identified hotspot for future emerging infectious diseases. To date, regulation and enforcement have been insufficient to effectively control the global trade in illegal wildlife at national and international scales. Effective control will require a multi-pronged approach including community-scale education and empowering local people to value wildlife, coordinated international regulation, and a greater allocation of national resources to on-the-ground enforcement.

Evaluating Inequality or Injustice in Water Use for Food

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Odorico, P.; Carr, J. A.; Seekell, D. A.

2014-12-01

Water availability and population density distributions are uneven and therefore inequality exists in human access to freshwater resources; but is this inequality unjust or only regrettable? To examine this question we formulated and evaluated elementary principles of water ethics relative to human rights for water and explored the need for global trade to improve societal access to water by transferring plant and animal commodities and the "virtual water" embedded in them. We defined human welfare benchmarks and evaluated country specific patterns of water use for food with, and without trade, over a 25-year period in order to elucidate the influence of trade and inequality on equability of water use. We found that trade improves mean water use and wellbeing, when related to human welfare benchmarks, suggesting that inequality is regrettable but not necessarily unjust. However, trade has not significantly contributed to redressing inequality. Hence, directed trade decisions can improve future conditions of water and food scarcity through reduced inequality.

Multidisciplinary studies of wildlife trade in primates: Challenges and priorities.

PubMed

Blair, Mary E; Le, Minh D; Sterling, Eleanor J

2017-11-01

Wildlife trade is increasingly recognized as an unsustainable threat to primate populations and informing its management is a growing focus and application of primatological research. However, management policies based on ecological research alone cannot address complex socioeconomic or cultural contexts as drivers of wildlife trade. Multidisciplinary research is required to understand trade complexity and identify sustainable management strategies. Here, we define multidisciplinary research as research that combines more than one academic discipline, and highlight how the articles in this issue combine methods and approaches to fill key gaps and offer a more comprehensive understanding of underlying drivers of wildlife trade including consumer demand, enforcement patterns, source population status, and accessibility of targeted species. These articles also focus on how these drivers interact at different scales, how trade patterns relate to ethics, and the potential effectiveness of different policy interventions in reducing wildlife trade. We propose priorities for future research on primate trade including expanding from multidisciplinary to interdisciplinary research questions and approaches co-created by research teams that integrate across different disciplines such as cultural anthropology, ecology, economics, and public policy. We also discuss challenges that limit the integration of information across disciplines to meet these priorities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

International trade of CITES listed bird species in China.

PubMed

Li, Linlin; Jiang, Zhigang

2014-01-01

Commercial trade of wild birds may devastate wild bird populations. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) controls the trade of wild species listed in its appendices to avoid these species being threatened by international trade. China used to be one of the major trading countries with significant bird trade with foreign countries; on the other hand, China is a country with unique avian fauna, many Important Bird Areas and critically endangered bird species. What is the role of the country in world wild bird trade? What kind of insights can we extract from trade records for improving future management of wild bird trade in the country? We retrieved and analyzed international trade records of the CITES listed bird species of China from 1981 to 2010 from the CITES Trade Database maintained by United Nations Environment Program and World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). We found that: (1) International trade of live birds in China peaked during the late 1990s, then decreased to the level before the surge of trade in a few years, the trade dynamics of wild birds may be affected by governmental policy and the outbreak of avian influenza during the period. (2) Most frequently traded CITES Appendix listed birds in China were parrots, most of which were exotic species to the country. (3) Birds were mainly traded for commercial purpose. Exotic birds in trade were mainly captive-bred while the most Chinese birds traded internationally were captured from the wild. Since many bird species in international trade are threatened to extinction, China should take stricter measures on importing of wild-captured birds and should collaborate with the countries of original in the international bird trade to avoid unsustainable harvesting of wild birds. It is urgent for China to carry out population surveys on those domestic bird species once in significant international trade and to make better conservation decisions based on population status of those birds. In addition, more scientific researchers should be encouraged to participate in the wildlife trade management to avoid misreporting trade data or biased analyses of the trade records.

International Trade of CITES Listed Bird Species in China

PubMed Central

Li, Linlin; Jiang, Zhigang

2014-01-01

Commercial trade of wild birds may devastate wild bird populations. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) controls the trade of wild species listed in its appendices to avoid these species being threatened by international trade. China used to be one of the major trading countries with significant bird trade with foreign countries; on the other hand, China is a country with unique avian fauna, many Important Bird Areas and critically endangered bird species. What is the role of the country in world wild bird trade? What kind of insights can we extract from trade records for improving future management of wild bird trade in the country? We retrieved and analyzed international trade records of the CITES listed bird species of China from 1981 to 2010 from the CITES Trade Database maintained by United Nations Environment Program and World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). We found that: (1) International trade of live birds in China peaked during the late 1990s, then decreased to the level before the surge of trade in a few years, the trade dynamics of wild birds may be affected by governmental policy and the outbreak of avian influenza during the period. (2) Most frequently traded CITES Appendix listed birds in China were parrots, most of which were exotic species to the country. (3) Birds were mainly traded for commercial purpose. Exotic birds in trade were mainly captive-bred while the most Chinese birds traded internationally were captured from the wild. Since many bird species in international trade are threatened to extinction, China should take stricter measures on importing of wild-captured birds and should collaborate with the countries of original in the international bird trade to avoid unsustainable harvesting of wild birds. It is urgent for China to carry out population surveys on those domestic bird species once in significant international trade and to make better conservation decisions based on population status of those birds. In addition, more scientific researchers should be encouraged to participate in the wildlife trade management to avoid misreporting trade data or biased analyses of the trade records. PMID:24586234

Virtual water flows and trade liberalization.

PubMed

Ramirez-Vallejo, J; Rogers, P

2004-01-01

The linkages between agricultural trade and water resources need to be identified and analyzed to better understand the potential impacts that a full liberalization, or lack thereof, will have on water resources. This paper examines trade of virtual water embodied in agricultural products for most countries of the world. The main purpose of the paper, however, is to examine the impact of trade liberalization on virtual-water trade in the future. Based on a simulation of global agricultural trade, a scenario of full liberalization of agriculture was used to assess the net effect of virtual water flows from the relocation of meat and cereals' trade. The paper also identifies the main reasons behind the changes in the magnitude and direction of the net virtual water trade over time, and shows that virtual water trade flows are independent of water resource endowments, contrary to what the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem states. Finally, based on a formal model, some input demand functions at the country level are estimated. The estimates of the income and agricultural support elasticities of demand for import of virtual water have the expected sign, and are statistically significant. Variables found to have some explanatory power of the variance of virtual water imports are average income; population; agriculture as value added; irrigated area, and exports of goods and services.

Stock Portfolio Structure of Individual Investors Infers Future Trading Behavior

PubMed Central

Bohlin, Ludvig; Rosvall, Martin

2014-01-01

Although the understanding of and motivation behind individual trading behavior is an important puzzle in finance, little is known about the connection between an investor's portfolio structure and her trading behavior in practice. In this paper, we investigate the relation between what stocks investors hold, and what stocks they buy, and show that investors with similar portfolio structures to a great extent trade in a similar way. With data from the central register of shareholdings in Sweden, we model the market in a similarity network, by considering investors as nodes, connected with links representing portfolio similarity. From the network, we find investor groups that not only identify different investment strategies, but also represent individual investors trading in a similar way. These findings suggest that the stock portfolios of investors hold meaningful information, which could be used to earn a better understanding of stock market dynamics. PMID:25068302

Stock portfolio structure of individual investors infers future trading behavior.

PubMed

Bohlin, Ludvig; Rosvall, Martin

2014-01-01

Although the understanding of and motivation behind individual trading behavior is an important puzzle in finance, little is known about the connection between an investor's portfolio structure and her trading behavior in practice. In this paper, we investigate the relation between what stocks investors hold, and what stocks they buy, and show that investors with similar portfolio structures to a great extent trade in a similar way. With data from the central register of shareholdings in Sweden, we model the market in a similarity network, by considering investors as nodes, connected with links representing portfolio similarity. From the network, we find investor groups that not only identify different investment strategies, but also represent individual investors trading in a similar way. These findings suggest that the stock portfolios of investors hold meaningful information, which could be used to earn a better understanding of stock market dynamics.

17 CFR 5.9 - Security deposits for retail forex transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.9 Section 5.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.9 Security deposits for retail forex transactions. (a) Each futures commission merchant engaging, or offering to engage, in retail forex transactions...

17 CFR 5.9 - Security deposits for retail forex transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.9 Section 5.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.9 Security deposits for retail forex transactions. (a) Each futures commission merchant engaging, or offering to engage, in retail forex transactions...

17 CFR 5.9 - Security deposits for retail forex transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... forex transactions. 5.9 Section 5.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.9 Security deposits for retail forex transactions. (a) Each futures commission merchant engaging, or offering to engage, in retail forex transactions...

17 CFR 3.3 - Chief compliance officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Chief compliance officer. 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 Chief compliance officer. (a) Designation. Each futures commission merchant, swap dealer...

17 CFR 3.3 - Chief compliance officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Chief compliance officer. 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 Chief compliance officer. (a) Designation. Each futures commission merchant, swap dealer...

17 CFR 37.7 - Additional requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Section 37.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES... transaction execution facility insofar as transactions in futures or option contracts of foreign traders are... of section 5c(c) of the Act and § 40.2 of this chapter, derivatives transaction execution facilities...

Assessment of Prices of Natural Gas Futures Contracts As A Predictor of Realized Spot Prices, An

EIA Publications

2005-01-01

This article compares realized Henry Hub spot market prices for natural gas during the three most recent winters with futures prices as they evolve from April through the following February, when trading for the March contract ends.

78 FR 21919 - Public Availability of Fiscal Year 2012 Service Contract Inventory

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

... Inventory AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures... Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Service Contract Inventory. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Questions regarding the Service Contract Inventory should be directed to Sonda R. Owens, Contracting Officer, in the...

Demand for Skilled Workers in Commercial Printing as Perceived by Commercial Printers, Printing Educators, and Printing Trade Services Suppliers. A Summary Report of Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez, Jesus J.

A study was conducted to determine if differences existed between and among the perceptions of commercial printers, printer educators, and printing trade services suppliers in Texas regarding current and future employment trends for skilled workers in commercial printing. A random sample of commercial printers, high school printing educators, and…

The World Trade Center Attack: Observations from New York's Bellevue Hospital

PubMed Central

Roccaforte, J David

2001-01-01

This report describes selected aspects of the response by Bellevue Hospital Center to the World Trade Center attack of 11 September 2001. The hospital is 2.5 miles (4 km) from the site of the attack. These first-hand observations and this analysis may aid in future preparations. Key issues described relate to communication, organization, injuries treated, staffing, and logistics. PMID:11737913

78 FR 68505 - Enhancing Protections Afforded Customers and Customer Funds Held by Futures Commission Merchants...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-14

...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``Commission'' or ``CFTC'') is adopting new regulations and amending existing regulations to require enhanced customer protections, risk management programs, internal monitoring and controls, capital and liquidity standards, customer disclosures, and auditing and examination programs for futures commission merchants (``FCMs''). The regulations also address certain related issues concerning derivatives clearing organizations (``DCOs'') and chief compliance officers (``CCOs''). The final rules will afford greater assurances to market participants that: Customer segregated funds, secured amount funds, and cleared swaps funds are protected; customers are provided with appropriate notice of the risks of futures trading and of the FCMs with which they may choose to do business; FCMs are monitoring and managing risks in a robust manner; the capital and liquidity of FCMs are strengthened to safeguard their continued operations; and the auditing and examination programs of the Commission and the self- regulatory organizations (``SROs'') are monitoring the activities of FCMs in a prudent and thorough manner.

Mother and offspring fitness in an insect with maternal care: phenotypic trade-offs between egg number, egg mass and egg care

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Oviparous females have three main options to increase their reproductive success: investing into egg number, egg mass and/or egg care. Although allocating resources to either of these three components is known to shape offspring number and size, potential trade-offs among them may have key impacts on maternal and offspring fitness. Here, we tested the occurrence of phenotypic trade-offs between egg number, egg mass and maternal expenditure on egg care in the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, an insect with pre- and post-hatching forms of maternal care. In particular, we used a series of laboratory observations and experiments to investigate whether these three components non-additively influenced offspring weight and number at hatching, and whether they were associated with potential costs to females in terms of future reproduction. Results We found negative associations between egg number and mass as well as between egg number and maternal expenditure on egg care. However, these trade-offs could only be detected after statistically correcting for female weight at egg laying. Hatchling number was not determined by single or additive effects among the three life-history traits, but instead by pairwise interactions among them. In particular, offspring number was positively associated with the number of eggs only in clutches receiving high maternal care or consisting of heavy eggs, and negatively associated with mean egg mass in clutches receiving low care. In contrast, offspring weight was positively associated with egg mass only. Finally, maternal expenditure on egg care reduced their future reproduction, but this effect was only detected when mothers were experimentally isolated from their offspring at egg hatching. Conclusions Overall, our study reveals simultaneous trade-offs between the number, mass and care of eggs. It also demonstrates that these factors interact in their impact on offspring production, and that maternal expenditure on egg care possibly shapes female future reproduction. These findings emphasize that studying reproductive success requires consideration of phenotypic trade-offs between egg-number, egg mass and egg care in oviparous species. PMID:24913927

Statistical regularities of Carbon emission trading market: Evidence from European Union allowances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Zeyu; Xiao, Rui; Shi, Haibo; Li, Guihong; Zhou, Xiaofeng

2015-05-01

As an emerging financial market, the trading value of carbon emission trading market has definitely increased. In recent years, the carbon emission allowances have already become a way of investment. They are bought and sold not only by carbon emitters but also by investors. In this paper, we analyzed the price fluctuations of the European Union allowances (EUA) futures in European Climate Exchange (ECX) market from 2007 to 2011. The symmetric and power-law probability density function of return time series was displayed. We found that there are only short-range correlations in price changes (return), while long-range correlations in the absolute of price changes (volatility). Further, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) approach was applied with focus on long-range autocorrelations and Hurst exponent. We observed long-range power-law autocorrelations in the volatility that quantify risk, and found that they decay much more slowly than the autocorrelation of return time series. Our analysis also showed that the significant cross correlations exist between return time series of EUA and many other returns. These cross correlations exist in a wide range of fields, including stock markets, energy concerned commodities futures, and financial futures. The significant cross-correlations between energy concerned futures and EUA indicate the physical relationship between carbon emission and energy production process. Additionally, the cross-correlations between financial futures and EUA indicate that the speculation behavior may become an important factor that can affect the price of EUA. Finally we modeled the long-range volatility time series of EUA with a particular version of the GARCH process, and the result also suggests long-range volatility autocorrelations.

Evaluating taboo trade-offs in ecosystems services and human well-being.

PubMed

Daw, Tim M; Coulthard, Sarah; Cheung, William W L; Brown, Katrina; Abunge, Caroline; Galafassi, Diego; Peterson, Garry D; McClanahan, Tim R; Omukoto, Johnstone O; Munyi, Lydiah

2015-06-02

Managing ecosystems for multiple ecosystem services and balancing the well-being of diverse stakeholders involves different kinds of trade-offs. Often trade-offs involve noneconomic and difficult-to-evaluate values, such as cultural identity, employment, the well-being of poor people, or particular species or ecosystem structures. Although trade-offs need to be considered for successful environmental management, they are often overlooked in favor of win-wins. Management and policy decisions demand approaches that can explicitly acknowledge and evaluate diverse trade-offs. We identified a diversity of apparent trade-offs in a small-scale tropical fishery when ecological simulations were integrated with participatory assessments of social-ecological system structure and stakeholders' well-being. Despite an apparent win-win between conservation and profitability at the aggregate scale, food production, employment, and well-being of marginalized stakeholders were differentially influenced by management decisions leading to trade-offs. Some of these trade-offs were suggested to be "taboo" trade-offs between morally incommensurable values, such as between profits and the well-being of marginalized women. These were not previously recognized as management issues. Stakeholders explored and deliberated over trade-offs supported by an interactive "toy model" representing key system trade-offs, alongside qualitative narrative scenarios of the future. The concept of taboo trade-offs suggests that psychological bias and social sensitivity may exclude key issues from decision making, which can result in policies that are difficult to implement. Our participatory modeling and scenarios approach has the potential to increase awareness of such trade-offs, promote discussion of what is acceptable, and potentially identify and reduce obstacles to management compliance.

75 FR 69058 - Request for Comment on a Proposal to Exempt, Pursuant to the Authority in Section 4(c) of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-10

... categorical Section 4(c) exemption to permit options and futures on shares of all or some precious metal commodity-based ETFs to be traded and cleared as options on securities and security futures, respectively... options and futures on shares of precious metal commodity- based ETFs. The Commission believes that...

17 CFR 240.15c3-3a - Exhibit A-formula for determination reserve requirement of brokers and dealers under § 240.15c3-3.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... B. Item 2 shall include the amount of options-related or security futures product-related Letters of...-1) or a derivatives clearing organization registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission... related to security futures products on deposit with: (1) A registered clearing agency or derivatives...

17 CFR 19.01 - Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., soybean meal or cotton. 19.01 Section 19.01 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... MERCHANTS AND DEALERS IN COTTON § 19.01 Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat, corn, oats, soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal or cotton. (a) Information...

17 CFR 19.01 - Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., soybean meal or cotton. 19.01 Section 19.01 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... MERCHANTS AND DEALERS IN COTTON § 19.01 Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat, corn, oats, soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal or cotton. (a) Information...

17 CFR 19.01 - Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., soybean meal or cotton. 19.01 Section 19.01 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... MERCHANTS AND DEALERS IN COTTON § 19.01 Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat, corn, oats, soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal or cotton. (a) Information...

17 CFR 19.01 - Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., soybean meal or cotton. 19.01 Section 19.01 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... MERCHANTS AND DEALERS IN COTTON § 19.01 Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat, corn, oats, soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal or cotton. (a) Information...

17 CFR 19.01 - Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., soybean meal or cotton. 19.01 Section 19.01 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... MERCHANTS AND DEALERS IN COTTON § 19.01 Reports on stocks and fixed price purchases and sales pertaining to futures positions in wheat, corn, oats, soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal or cotton. (a) Information...

17 CFR 1.68 - Customer election not to have funds, carried by a futures commission merchant for trading on a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... futures commission merchant's business without the prior consent of the customer or any third party; (C... customer. The effective date of the abrogation shall not exceed five business days from the futures... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Customer election not to have...

17 CFR 1.28 - Appraisal of instruments purchased with customer funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... purchased with customer funds. 1.28 Section 1.28 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Customers' Money, Securities, and Property § 1.28 Appraisal of instruments purchased with customer funds. Futures commission merchants who...

17 CFR 1.26 - Deposit of instruments purchased with customer funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... purchased with customer funds. 1.26 Section 1.26 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Customers' Money, Securities, and Property § 1.26 Deposit of instruments purchased with customer funds. (a) Each futures commission merchant...

75 FR 64710 - Public Roundtable on Individual Customer Collateral Protection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-20

... Protection AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of roundtable discussion... CFTC will hold a public roundtable discussion at which invited participants will discuss certain issues... event of a default by a futures commission merchant. The discussion will be open to the public with...

78 FR 36797 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-19

...\\ sets out a framework for the registration and regulation of national securities exchanges. Under the... regarding how the futures market operates, its rules and procedures, corporate governance, its criteria for membership, its subsidiaries and affiliates, and the security futures products it intends to trade. Rule 6a-4...

17 CFR 160.6 - Information to be included in privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... future to disclose, but to whom you do not currently disclose, nonpublic personal information. (f) Model... privacy notices. 160.6 Section 160.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... that you make disclosures to other nonaffiliated companies: (1) For your everyday business purposes...

Within-season increase in parental investment in a long-lived bird species: investment shifts to maximize successful reproduction?

PubMed

Schneider, N A; Griesser, M

2015-01-01

In nest-building species predation of nest contents is a main cause of reproductive failure and parents have to trade off reproductive investment against antipredatory behaviours. While this trade-off is modified by lifespan (short-lived species prioritize current reproduction; long-lived species prioritize future reproduction), it may vary within a breeding season, but this idea has only been tested in short-lived species. Yet, life history theory does not make any prediction how long-lived species should trade off current against future reproductive investment within a season. Here, we investigated this trade-off through predator-exposure experiments in a long-lived bird species, the brown thornbill. We exposed breeding pairs that had no prior within-season reproductive success to the models of a nest predator and a predator of adults during their first or second breeding attempt. Overall, parents reduced their feeding rate in the presence of a predator, but parents feeding second broods were more risk sensitive and almost ceased feeding when exposed to both types of predators. However, during second breeding attempts, parents had larger clutches and a higher feeding rate in the absence of predators than during first breeding attempts and approached both types of predators closer when mobbing. Our results suggest that the trade-off between reproductive investment and risk-taking can change in a long-lived species within a breeding season depending on both prior nest predation and renesting opportunities. These patterns correspond to those in short-lived species, raising the question of whether a within-season shift in reproductive investment trade-offs is independent of lifespan. © 2014 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2014 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

Trade in water and commodities as adaptations to global change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lammers, R. B.; Hertel, T. W.; Prousevitch, A.; Baldos, U. L. C.; Frolking, S. E.; Liu, J.; Grogan, D. S.

2015-12-01

The human capacity for altering the water cycle has been well documented and given the expected change due to population, income growth, biofuels, climate, and associated land use change, there remains great uncertainty in both the degree of increased pressure on land and water resources and in our ability to adapt to these changes. Alleviating regional shortages in water supply can be carried out in a spatial hierarchy through i) direct trade of water between all regions, ii) development of infrastructure to improve water availability within regions (e.g. impounding rivers), iii) via inter-basin hydrological transfer between neighboring regions and, iv) via virtual water trade. These adaptation strategies can be managed via market trade in water and commodities to identify those strategies most likely to be adopted. This work combines the physically-based University of New Hampshire Water Balance Model (WBM) with the macro-scale Purdue University Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices Land use and the Environment (SIMPLE) to explore the interaction of supply and demand for fresh water globally. In this work we use a newly developed grid cell-based version of SIMPLE to achieve a more direct connection between the two modeling paradigms of physically-based models with optimization-driven approaches characteristic of economic models. We explore questions related to the global and regional impact of water scarcity and water surplus on the ability of regions to adapt to future change. Allowing for a variety of adaptation strategies such as direct trade of water and expanding the built water infrastructure, as well as indirect trade in commodities, will reduce overall global water stress and, in some regions, significantly reduce their vulnerability to these future changes.

Research on MRV system of iron and steel industry and verification mechanism establishment in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Huiting; Chen, Liang; Chen, Jianhua

2017-12-01

The national carbon emissions trading market will be launched in 2017 in China. The iron and steel industry will be covered as one of the first industries. Establishing its MRV system is critical to promote the development of the iron and steel industry in the carbon trading market. This paper studies the requirements and procedures of the accounting, monitoring, reporting and verification of the seven iron and steel industry carbon trading pilots. The construction and operating mechanism of the MRV systems are also analyzed. Combining with the emission feature of the iron and steel industry, we study the suitable national MRV system for the whole iron and steel industry to consummate the future national carbon trading framework of iron and steel industry.

Biodiversity losses and conservation trade-offs: Assessing future urban growth scenarios for a North American trade corridor

USGS Publications Warehouse

Villarreal, Miguel; Norman, Laura M.; Wallace, Cynthia S.A.; Boykin, Kenneth

2013-01-01

The Sonoran Desert and Apache Highlands ecoregions of North America are areas of exceptionally high plant and vertebrate biodiversity. However, much of the vertebrate biodiversity is supported by only a few vegetation types with limited distributions, some of which are increasingly threatened by changing land uses. We assessed the impacts of two future urban growth scenarios on biodiversity in a binational watershed in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. We quantified and mapped terrestrial vertebrate species richness using Wildlife Habitat Relation models and validated the results with data from National Park Service biological inventories. Future urban growth, based on historical trends, was projected to the year 2050 for 1) a “Current Trends” scenario and, 2) a “Megalopolis” scenario that represented a transnational growth corridor with open-space conservation attributes. Based on Current Trends, 45% of existing riparian woodland (267 of 451species), and 34% of semi-desert grasslands (215 of 451 species) will be lost, whereas, in the Megalopolis scenario, these types would decline by 44% and 24% respectively. Outcomes of the two models suggest a trade-off at the taxonomic class level: Current Trends would reduce and fragment mammal and herpetofauna habitat, while Megalopolis would result in loss of avian-rich riparian habitat.

Perspectives on the Development of LNG Market Hubs in the Asia Pacific Region

EIA Publications

2017-01-01

The report discusses current initiatives to establish regional liquefied natural gas (LNG) trading hubs and pricing benchmarks in Asia and assesses the prospects for the Asian gas hubs in the near future. The report examines the characteristics of successful natural gas trading hubs and develops qualitative and quantitative indicators of the components of effective hubs, with emphasis on applying these indicators to Asian markets

ECLSS Integration Analysis: Advanced ECLSS Subsystem and Instrumentation Technology Study for the Space Exploration Initiative

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

In his July 1989 space policy speech, President Bush proposed a long range continuing commitment to space exploration and development. Included in his goals were the establishment of permanent lunar and Mars habitats and the development of extended duration space transportation. In both cases, a major issue is the availability of qualified sensor technologies for use in real-time monitoring and control of integrated physical/chemical/biological (p/c/b) Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS). The purpose of this study is to determine the most promising instrumentation technologies for future ECLSS applications. The study approach is as follows: 1. Precursor ECLSS Subsystem Technology Trade Study - A database of existing and advanced Atmosphere Revitalization (AR) and Water Recovery and Management (WRM) ECLSS subsystem technologies was created. A trade study was performed to recommend AR and WRM subsystem technologies for future lunar and Mars mission scenarios. The purpose of this trade study was to begin defining future ECLSS instrumentation requirements as a precursor to determining the instrumentation technologies that will be applicable to future ECLS systems. 2. Instrumentation Survey - An instrumentation database of Chemical, Microbial, Conductivity, Humidity, Flowrate, Pressure, and Temperature sensors was created. Each page of the sensor database report contains information for one type of sensor, including a description of the operating principles, specifications, and the reference(s) from which the information was obtained. This section includes a cursory look at the history of instrumentation on U.S. spacecraft. 3. Results and Recommendations - Instrumentation technologies were recommended for further research and optimization based on a consideration of both of the above sections. A sensor or monitor technology was recommended based on its applicability to future ECLS systems, as defined by the ECLSS Trade Study (1), and on whether its characteristics were considered favorable relative to similar instrumentation technologies (competitors), as determined from the Instrumentation Survey (2). The instrumentation technologies recommended by this study show considerable potential for development and promise significant returns if research efforts are invested.

17 CFR 30.4 - Registration required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... foreign options customers. (d) To solicit or enter into an agreement to direct, or to guide such customer... Section 30.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS § 30.4 Registration required. Except as provided in § 30.5 of this part, it...

78 FR 49563 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-14

... futures on all of the volatility indexes that underlie volatility index options trading on CBOE. Currently, volatility index (security) futures expirations correspond to each volatility index options expiration months...-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Proposed Rule To Amend Rule...

78 FR 10229 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-13

...\\ These include, without limitation, options, equities, futures, derivatives, indexes, exchange traded... platforms (e.g. equity and ETF, index, derivatives, futures, foreign currency, and even commodities products... Rule Change To Modify the Short Term Options Series Program February 7, 2013. Pursuant to Section 19(b...

17 CFR 1.15 - Risk assessment reporting requirements for futures commission merchants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Minimum Financial and... office with which it files periodic financial reports by no later than April 30, 1995, provided that in...) Copies of the financial, operational, and risk management policies, procedures and systems maintained by...

17 CFR 41.32 - Continuing obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Securities and Exchange Commission or with a futures association registered under section 17 of the Act; (ii... amendments that relate to the trading of security futures products, including both operational rules and the... information filed pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section shall be addressed to the Secretary of the...

17 CFR 41.32 - Continuing obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Securities and Exchange Commission or with a futures association registered under section 17 of the Act; (ii... amendments that relate to the trading of security futures products, including both operational rules and the... information filed pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section shall be addressed to the Secretary of the...

17 CFR 41.32 - Continuing obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Securities and Exchange Commission or with a futures association registered under section 17 of the Act; (ii... amendments that relate to the trading of security futures products, including both operational rules and the... information filed pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section shall be addressed to the Secretary of the...

17 CFR 30.11 - Applicability of state law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability of state law. 30.11 Section 30.11 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS § 30.11 Applicability of state law. Pursuant to section 12(e)(2...

12 CFR 221.1 - Authority, purpose, and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Commodity Futures Trading Commission that accept deposits of margin stock in connection with: (i) The... security, certificate of deposit, securities index or foreign currency); or (ii) The guarantee of contracts for the purchase or sale of a commodity for future delivery or options on such contracts. (3) This...

12 CFR 221.1 - Authority, purpose, and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Commodity Futures Trading Commission that accept deposits of margin stock in connection with: (i) The... security, certificate of deposit, securities index or foreign currency); or (ii) The guarantee of contracts for the purchase or sale of a commodity for future delivery or options on such contracts. (3) This...

17 CFR 1.38 - Execution of transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Management and Budget under control numbers 3038-0007 and 3038-0022) [46 FR 54523, Nov. 3, 1981, as amended... trades involving the exchange of futures for cash commodities or the exchange of futures in connection with cash commodity transactions, shall identify and mark by appropriate symbol or designation all such...

17 CFR 4.12 - Exemption from provisions of part 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... part 4. 4.12 Section 4.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... said Act; (B) Will generally and routinely engage in the buying and selling of securities and securities derived instruments; (C) Will not enter into commodity futures and commodity options contracts for...

Educational Computer Utilization and Computer Communications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Jai P.; Morgan, Robert P.

As part of an analysis of educational needs and telecommunications requirements for future educational satellite systems, three studies were carried out. 1) The role of the computer in education was examined and both current status and future requirements were analyzed. Trade-offs between remote time sharing and remote batch process were explored…

Allowance trading: Correcting the past and looking to the future

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shah, A.Y.; Canter, L.W.

1995-09-01

Allowance trading is basic to the Title IV acid rain provisions of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) in the United States; the provisions seek to achieve a 10-million-ton reduction in annual sulfur dioxide emissions from the electric power utility industry. Allowance trading, a market-based approach, is conceptually similar to the emissions trading policy of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). An allowance is defined as the authorization to emit, during or after a specified calendar year, one ton of sulfur dioxide. This paper provides an overview of the allowance trading program by summarizing some important features, particularly asmore » they are responsive to limitations and concern as related to the precursor emissions trading program in the early to mid-1980s. Such features include a simple definition of baseline emission levels, encouragements for nationwide trading, disincentives for accumulation of excess allowance,s opportunities for leasing other short-term allowance transfer arrangements, enforcement provisions, and benefits of bonus allowances and early emission reductions. Adherence to implementation protocols for the acid rain provisions of Title IV of the CAAA will provide a good opportunity to evaluate this market-based approach for environmental quality management.« less

Protocol to monitor trade agreement food-related aspects: the Fiji case study.

PubMed

Ravuvu, Amerita; Friel, Sharon; Thow, Anne Marie; Snowdon, Wendy; Wate, Jillian

2017-04-26

Despite the growing rates of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases, globally, public health attention has only relatively recently turned to the links between trade agreements and the nutritional risks associated with it. Specific trade agreements appear to have played an influential role in the volume and types of foods entering different countries, yet there is currently no systematic and objective monitoring of trade agreements for their impacts on food environments. Recently, INFORMAS was set up to monitor and benchmark food environments, government policies and private sector actions within countries and globally. One of its projects/modules focuses on trade policy and in particular the food-related aspects of trade agreements. This paper describes the INFORMAS trade protocol, an approach to collecting food-related information about four domains of trade: trade in goods; trade in services and foreign direct investment; domestic supports, and policy space. Specifically, the protocol is tested in Fiji. The development and testing of this protocol in Fiji represents the first effort to set out a framework and process for objectively monitoring trade agreements and their impacts on national food supply and the wider food environment. It has shown that entry into WTO trade agreements contributed to the nutrition transition in Fiji through the increased availability of imported foods with varying nutritional quality. We observed an increase in imports of both healthy and less healthy foods. The application of the monitoring protocol also highlights challenges for data collection associated with each trade domain that should be considered for future data collection and analysis in other low and middle income countries. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Evaluating taboo trade-offs in ecosystems services and human well-being

PubMed Central

Coulthard, Sarah; Cheung, William W. L.; Brown, Katrina; Abunge, Caroline; Galafassi, Diego; Peterson, Garry D.; McClanahan, Tim R.; Omukoto, Johnstone O.; Munyi, Lydiah

2015-01-01

Managing ecosystems for multiple ecosystem services and balancing the well-being of diverse stakeholders involves different kinds of trade-offs. Often trade-offs involve noneconomic and difficult-to-evaluate values, such as cultural identity, employment, the well-being of poor people, or particular species or ecosystem structures. Although trade-offs need to be considered for successful environmental management, they are often overlooked in favor of win-wins. Management and policy decisions demand approaches that can explicitly acknowledge and evaluate diverse trade-offs. We identified a diversity of apparent trade-offs in a small-scale tropical fishery when ecological simulations were integrated with participatory assessments of social–ecological system structure and stakeholders’ well-being. Despite an apparent win-win between conservation and profitability at the aggregate scale, food production, employment, and well-being of marginalized stakeholders were differentially influenced by management decisions leading to trade-offs. Some of these trade-offs were suggested to be “taboo” trade-offs between morally incommensurable values, such as between profits and the well-being of marginalized women. These were not previously recognized as management issues. Stakeholders explored and deliberated over trade-offs supported by an interactive “toy model” representing key system trade-offs, alongside qualitative narrative scenarios of the future. The concept of taboo trade-offs suggests that psychological bias and social sensitivity may exclude key issues from decision making, which can result in policies that are difficult to implement. Our participatory modeling and scenarios approach has the potential to increase awareness of such trade-offs, promote discussion of what is acceptable, and potentially identify and reduce obstacles to management compliance. PMID:26038547

75 FR 73145 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-29

... roll for each VIX Futures Contract occurs on each index business day according to a pre-determined... and Trading of the Jefferies S&P 500[supreg] VIX Short-Term Futures ETF November 19, 2010. Pursuant to... Short-Term Futures ETF under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.200. The text of the proposed rule change is...

Possible Effects of the Department of Defense Acting as a Buyer on the Derivatives Futures Market

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

Buyer on the Derivatives Futures Market By: Thomas R. Bowman Evan P. Wright June 2009 Advisors: Douglas Brook Nayantara...Possible Effects of the Department of Defense Acting as a Buyer on the Derivatives Futures Market 6. AUTHOR(S) Thomas R. Bowman and Evan P. Wright 5...DoD) participation as a buyer in the commercial futures market for derivatives. The idea that DoD should participate in derivatives trading has

Using Mathematical Modeling and Set-Based Design Principles to Recommend an Existing CVL Design

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

designs, it would be worth researching the feasibility of varying the launch method on some of the larger light aircraft carriers, such as the Liaoning...thesis examines the trade space in major design areas such as tonnage, aircraft launch method , propulsion, and performance in order to illustrate...future conflict. This thesis examines the trade space in major design areas such as tonnage, aircraft launch method , propulsion, and performance in

Design trade-offs for homing missiles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spencer, Allen; Moore, William

1992-05-01

Major design considerations, trade-offs and technology issues for future hypervelocity, anti-missile interceptors are presented in an overview format. Two classes of interceptors are considered: a low altitude interceptor using an active radar seeker for defense against tactical ballistic missiles (TBMs) and a higher altitude interceptor using a passive infra-red seeker for defense against ICBMs. Considerations are presented in the areas of mission requirements, seeker selection, aerodynamic and aerothermal environments, control systems, and guidance performance.

Parent-offspring conflict and the genetic trade-offs shaping parental investment.

PubMed

Kölliker, Mathias; Boos, Stefan; Wong, Janine W Y; Röllin, Lilian; Stucki, Dimitri; Raveh, Shirley; Wu, Min; Meunier, Joël

2015-04-16

The genetic conflict between parents and their offspring is a cornerstone of kin selection theory and the gene-centred view of evolution, but whether it actually occurs in natural systems remains an open question. Conflict operates only if parenting is driven by genetic trade-offs between offspring performance and the parent's ability to raise additional offspring, and its expression critically depends on the shape of these trade-offs. Here we investigate the occurrence and nature of genetic conflict in an insect with maternal care, the earwig Forficula auricularia. Specifically, we test for a direct response to experimental selection on female future reproduction and correlated responses in current offspring survival, developmental rate and growth. The results demonstrate genetic trade-offs that differ in shape before and after hatching. Our study not only provides direct evidence for parent-offspring conflict but also highlights that conflict is not inevitable and critically depends on the genetic trade-offs shaping parental investment.

Economics of pollution trading for SO{sub 2} and NOx

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dallas Burtraw; David A. Evans; Alan Krupnick

2005-03-15

For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The sulphur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 US Clean Air Act Amendments represents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. Subsequent urban and regional applications of NOx emission allowance trading took shape in the 1990s in the United States, culminating in a second large experiment in emission trading in the eastern United States that began in 2003. This paper provides an overview of the economic rationale for emission trading andmore » a description of the major US programs for SO{sub 2} and nitrogen oxides. These programs are evaluated along measures of performance including cost savings, environmental integrity, and incentives for technological innovation. The authors offer lessons for the design of future programs including, most importantly, those reducing carbon dioxide. 128 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.« less

Projections of Virtual Water Trade Under Agricultural Policy Scenarios in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dalin, C.; Hanasaki, N.; Qiu, H.; Mauzerall, D. L.; Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.

2014-12-01

China's economic growth is expected to continue into the next decades, accompanied by a sustained urbanization and industrialization. The associated increase in demand for land, water resources and rich foods will deepen the challenge to sustainably feed the population and balance environmental and agricultural policies. In previous work, Inner Mongolia was identified as a target province for trade or agricultural policies aimed at water-use efficiency improvements, due to its large production relying on particularly significant irrigation water use. In addition, water scarcity issues may arises in the greater Beijing area, which represents the largest urban area of arid Northern China. Increasing residential and industrial water demand in this region may lead to fewer available water for irrigation. For these reasons, it is important to estimate the impacts of specific policies aiming at reducing excessive water use for crop production in Inner Mongolia, as well as exploring ways to mitigate pressure on water resources in dry urban areas. In this study, we use socio-economic projections to assess the future state of China's virtual water trade (VWT) network. We then quantify the effects of agricultural policies on the national VWT system and on the efficiency of food trade in terms of water resources. This study addresses the following questions: (1) How future socio-economic changes will affect China's food trade and associated water transfers? (2) To which extent localized reductions of irrigated area can decrease agricultural water use while maintaining national food security? (3) How would these policies affect China's domestic and international VWT network and induced water resources savings (losses)?

Depletion of heterogeneous source species pools predicts future invasion rates

Treesearch

Andrew M. Liebhold; Eckehard G. Brockerhoff; Mark Kimberley; Jacqueline Beggs

2017-01-01

Predicting how increasing rates of global trade will result in new establishments of potentially damaging invasive species is a question of critical importance to the development of national and international policies aimed at minimizing future invasions. Centuries of historical movement and establishment of invading species may have depleted the supply of species...

17 CFR 41.31 - Notice-designation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... security futures products under section 5f of the Act, shall so notify the Commission. Such notification shall be filed with the Secretary of the Commission at its Washington, D.C. headquarters, in either... Futures Products,” and shall include: (1) The name and address of the board of trade; (2) The name and...

17 CFR 41.31 - Notice-designation requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... security futures products under section 5f of the Act, shall so notify the Commission. Such notification shall be filed with the Secretary of the Commission at its Washington, D.C. headquarters, in either... Futures Products,” and shall include: (1) The name and address of the board of trade; (2) The name and...