Mir Training Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

A full-scale mockup of Russia's Space Station with the core module called Mir in the center. Other modules connected to the core include Kvant, Kvant II and Kristall. The mockup at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia is used for cos

STS-71 astronauts training in Russia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Astronauts Norman E. Thagard and Bonnie J. Dunbar by the Mir Space Station simulator at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (Star City), near Moscow, Russia. In March 1995, astronaut Thagard is scheduled to be launched in a Russian Soyuz spacecraft with

Expedition 1 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-26

JSC2000-05376 (7 June 2000) --- Astronaut William Shepherd, mission commander for ISS Expedition One, is about to change from street clothes into an Orlan space suit in order to participate in an underwater spacewalk simulation in the Hydrolab facility at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia.

STS-60 Cosmonauts in Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-07

Russian Cosmonaut Vladimir Titov maneuvers a small life raft during bailout training at JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). Two SCUBA-equipped divers assisted Titov in the STS-60 training exercise.

Astronauts and cosmonauts during emergency bailout training session

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-10-13

S94-47226 (13 Oct 1994) --- Using small life rafts, several cosmonauts and astronauts participating in joint Russia - United States space missions take part in an emergency bailout training session in the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility's (WET-F) 25-feet-deep pool. In the foreground is cosmonaut Alexsandr F. Poleshchuk, a member of the Mir reserve crew. A number of SCUBA-equipped divers assist the trainees.

Expedition 1 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-26

JSC2000-05370 (7 June 2000) --- With the aid of technicians, astronaut William Shepherd is about to complete the donning his Orlan space suit in order to participate in an underwater spacewalk simulation in the Hydrolab facility at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. Shepherd is mission commander for ISS Expedition One.

Mir training Facility view

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-02-22

S95-04319 (22 Feb 1995) --- The neutral buoyancy facility at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, is used for underwater training for missions aboard the Russian Mir Space Station. The facility is similar to NASA's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas, and the Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS) at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama.

jsc2017e137341 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmembers Scott Tingle of NASA (left) and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (right) test their vestibular skills on tilt tables

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-11

jsc2017e137341 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmembers Scott Tingle of NASA (left) and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (right) test their vestibular skills on tilt tables Dec. 11 as part of their pre-launch training. Along with Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), they will launch Dec. 17 on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a five month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin / Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

STS-60 Cosmonauts in Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-07

S93-26021 (Feb 1993) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev maneuvers a small life raft during bailout training at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Two SCUBA-equipped divers assisted Krikalev in the STS-60 training exercise. Shuttle crew members frequently utilize the 25-ft. deep pool to learn proper procedures to follow in the event of emergency egress from their Space Shuttle via the escape pole system. Krikalev is one of two cosmonauts in training for the STS-60 mission. One of the two will serve as primary payload specialist with the other filling an alternate's role. This pool and the facility in which it is housed are titled the WET-F, because they are also used by astronauts rehearsing both mission-specific and contingency extravehicular activities (EVA).

Astronaut training

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-05-19

JSC2000-04867 (19 May 2000) --- Equipped with a shuttle extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, astronaut Daniel C. Burbank is about to participate in an underwater spacewalk rehearsal in the Hydrolab facility at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Burbank, STS-106 mission specialist, was joined by astronaut Edward T. Lu (out of frame), for the simulation.

Astronaut training

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-05-19

JSC2000-04866 (19 May 2000) --- Equipped with a shuttle extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, astronaut Daniel C. Burbank prepares to participate in an underwater spacewalk rehearsal in the Hydrolab facility at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Burbank, STS-106 mission specialist, was joined by astronaut Edward T. Lu (out of frame), for the simulation.

STS-60 Cosmonauts in Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-01-07

S93-26022 (Feb 1993) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev maneuvers a small life raft during bailout training at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Shuttle crew members frequently utilize the 25-ft. deep pool to learn proper procedures to follow in the event of emergency egress from their Space Shuttle via the escape pole system. Krikalev is one of two cosmonauts in training for the STS-60 mission. One of the two will serve as primary payload specialist with the other filling an alternate's role. This pool and the facility in which it is housed are titled the WET-F because they are also used by astronauts rehearsing both mission-specific and contingency extravehicular activities (EVA).

jsc2017e137344 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmember Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) tries his hand at a game of billiards Dec. 11 during a break in pre-launch tr

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-11

jsc2017e137344 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmember Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) tries his hand at a game of billiards Dec. 11 during a break in pre-launch training. Shkaplerov, Scott Tingle of NASA and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will launch Dec. 17 on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a five month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin / Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Astronaut training

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-05-19

JSC2000-04864 (19 May 2000) --- Equipped with a shuttle extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, astronaut Edward T. Lu is about to lowered into the water prior to a spacewalk rehearsal in the Hydrolab facility at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Lu, STS-106 mission specialist, was joined by astronaut Daniel C. Burbank (out of frame), for the simulation.

[From the flight of Iu. A. Gagarin to the contemporary piloted space flights and exploration missions].

PubMed

Grigor'ev, A I; Potapov, A N

2011-01-01

The first human flight to space made by Yu. A. Gagarin on April 12, 1961 was a crucial event in the history of cosmonautics that had a tremendous effect on further progress of the human civilization. Gagarin's flight had been prefaced by long and purposeful biomedical researches with the use of diverse bio-objects flown aboard rockets and artificial satellites. Data of these researches drove to the conclusion on the possibility in principle for humans to fly to space. After a series of early flights and improvements in the medical support system space missions to the Salyut and Mir station gradually extended to record durations. The foundations of this extension were laid by systemic researches in the fields of space biomedicine and allied sciences. The current ISS system of crew medical care has been successful in maintaining health and performance of cosmonauts as well as in providing the conditions for implementation of flight duties and operations with a broad variety of payloads. The ISS abounds in opportunities of realistic trial of concepts and technologies in preparation for crewed exploration missions. At the same, ground-based simulation of a mission to Mars is a venue for realization of scientific and technological experiments in space biomedicine.

Astronauts and cosmonauts during emergency bailout training session

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Using small life rafts, several cosmonauts and astronauts participating in joint Russia - United States space missions take part in an emergency bailout training session in the JSC Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) 25-feet-deep pool. In the

jsc2017e137338 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmember Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) tries his hand at a game of billiards Dec. 11 during a break in pre-launch tr

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-11

jsc2017e137338 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmember Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) tries his hand at a game of billiards Dec. 11 during a break in pre-launch training while backup crewmember Jeanette Epps of NASA looks on. Kanai, Scott Tingle of NASA and Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) will launch Dec. 17 on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a five month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin / Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

jsc2017e138127 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 54-55 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures Dec. 13 in front of the cottage where the iconic Russian space designer Sergey Korolev slept on the night before Yuri Gagarin la

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-13

jsc2017e138127 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 54-55 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures Dec. 13 in front of the cottage where the iconic Russian space designer Sergey Korolev slept on the night before Yuri Gagarin launched April 12, 1961 to become the first human to fly in space. Korolev’s cottage is next to the cottage where Gagarin slept on the eve of his launch. From left to right are backup crewmembers Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency, Sergey Prokopyev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Jeanette Epps of NASA, and prime crewmembers Scott Tingle of NASA, Anton Shkaplerov of Roscosmos and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Tingle, Kanai and Shkaplerov will launch Dec. 17 on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft for a five month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

STS-71 astronauts training in Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-20

S94-45643 (20 Sept 1994) --- Astronaut Norman E. Thagard in a cosmonaut space suit in the Training Simulator Facility at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (Star City), near Moscow, Russia. In March 1995, astronaut Thagard is scheduled to be launched in a Russian Soyuz spacecraft with two cosmonauts to begin a three-month tour of duty on the Russian Mir Space Station. Thagard, along with his back-up, astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar, has been training in Russia since February 1994. During his stay on Mir, he will conduct a variety of life sciences experiments that will provide U.S. investigators with the first long-duration exposure data since Skylab in the late 1970's. Thagard's mission will end in July when the Space Shuttle Atlantis, carrying the newly installed docking mechanism, docks with Mir Space Station for the first United States - Russian docking operation since Apollo-Soyuz in 1975. The Orbiter will remain attached to Mir for five days of joint scientific operations before returning home with Thagard and his Russian crew mates and leaving behind two cosmonauts on Mir.

Expedition 52 GCTC Museum Visit

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-10

Expedition 52 flight engineer Paolo Nespoli of ESA signs a guest book at the "Memorial working study of Yuri Gagarin" at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), Monday, July 10, 2017 in Star City, Russia. The memorial study represents Gagarin's working study in the way it was abandoned by Gagarin on March 27, 1968 before leaving for the airfield for training flight that became his last. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-17

S94-35071 (17 June 1994) --- Flight surgeon Mike Barrett looks on as astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar conducts a physical examination on cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov. Crew members for the joint Space Shuttle/Mir missions are in the midst of three weeks' medical operations training for their cooperative flights.

Expedition One crew in Russian with Service Module

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-14

Photographic documentation of Expedition One crew in Russia with Service Module. Views include: The three crew members for ISS Expedition One train with computers on the trainer / mockup for the Zvezda Service Module. From the left are cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko, Soyuz commander; and Sergei Krikalev, flight engineer; and astronaut William Shepherd, mission commander. The session took place at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18628). View looking toward the hatch inside the Zvezda Service Module trainer / mockup at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18629). A wide shot of the Zvezda Service Module trainer / mockup, with the transfer compartment in the foreground (18630). Side view of the Zvezda Service Module (18631). An interior shot of the Zarya / Functional Cargo Bay (FGB) trainer / mockup (18632). Astronaut Scott Kelly, director of operations - Russia, walks through a full scale trainer / mockup for the Zvezda Service Module at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18633). Astronaut William Shepherd (right) mission commander for ISS Expedition One, and Sergei Krikalev, flight engineer, participate in a training session in a trainer / mockup of the Zvezda Service Module (18634).

GCTC Expedition 15 Photos

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-01-18

JSC2007-E-15360 (2007) --- Cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, attired in a Russian Sokol launch and entry suit, takes a break from training in Star City, Russia to pose for a portrait. Photo credit: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-11

Cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov (left), Mir 18 mission commander, among a group of Russians in the United States to participate in training for the joint Russia - United States space missions, conducts an intubation on a dummy. Dezhurov, along with Mir 18 flight engineer Gennadiy M. Strekalov (pictured) prepare for upcoming missions which involve crew members from the two nations.

Expedition 52 GCTC Museum Visit

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-10

Expedition 52 flight engineers Sergey Ryazanskiy of Roscosmos, seated left, and Randy Bresnik of NASA are seen as they sign a guest book at the "Memorial working study of Yuri Gagarin" at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), Monday, July 10, 2017 in Star City, Russia. The memorial study represents Gagarin's working study in the way it was abandoned by Gagarin on March 27, 1968 before leaving for the airfield for training flight that became his last. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

jsc2012e096294

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-07

JSC2012-E-096294 (7 June 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, Expedition 32 backup crew member, attired in a Russian Sokol launch and entry suit, takes a break from training in Star City, Russia to pose for a portrait. Photo credit: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

jsc2012e238486

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-14

JSC2012-E-238486 (14 Nov. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, Expedition 34/35 flight engineer, attired in a Russian Sokol launch and entry suit, takes a break from training in Star City, Russia to pose for a portrait. Photo credit: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

Cosmonaut Dezhurov during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-11

Cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov (center), Mir 18 mission commander, gets his blood pressure taken by Dr. Michael J. Barrett, flight surgeon. Cosmonaut Anatoliy Y. Solovyev (right), Mir 19 mission commander, looks on. Solovyev, Dezhurov, along with their respective flight engineers and a number of other cosmonauts and astronauts participating in the joint program, were in Houston, Texas, to prepare for their upcoming missions.

STS-71 astronauts training in Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-20

S94-45647 (20 Sept 1994) --- Astronaut's Norman E. Thagard and Bonnie J. Dunbar by the Mir Space Station simulator at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (Star City), near Moscow, Russia. In March 1995, astronaut Thagard is scheduled to be launched in a Russian Soyuz spacecraft with two cosmonauts to begin a three-month tour of duty on the Russian Mir Space Station. Thagard, along with his back-up, astronaut Dunbar, has been training in Russia since February 1994. During his stay on Mir, he will conduct a variety of life sciences experiments that will provide U.S. investigators with the first long-duration exposure data since Skylab in the late 1970's. Thagard's mission will end in late May or early June when the Space Shuttle Atlantis, carrying the newly installed docking mechanism, docks with Mir Space Station for the first United States - Russian docking operation since Apollo-Soyuz in 1975. The Orbiter will remain attached to Mir for five days of joint scientific operations before returning home with Thagard and his Russian crew mates and leaving behind two cosmonauts on Mir.

STS-71 astronauts and cosmonauts during egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-10-18

S94-47079 (18 Oct 1994) --- Astronaut Robert L. Gibson, (arms folded, near center) STS-71 mission commander, joins several crew mates during a briefing preceding emergency egress training in the Systems Integration Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Astronauts Bonnie J. Dunbar and Gregory J. Harbaugh (partially obscured), along with cosmonaut Anatoliy Y. Solovyev, all mission specialists, are attired in training versions of the partial pressure launch and entry space suits. Astronaut Charles J. Precourt, pilot, is in center foreground, and Ellen S. Baker, mission specialist, is in left background.

Expedition 52 Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-10

A painting of Yuri Gagarin is seen in the lobby of the building where the Expedition 52 prime and backup crews held a crew press conference on the grounds of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), Monday, July 10, 2017 in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-11

Astronaut Norman E. Thagard (right center), a guest researcher on Russia's Mir 18 mission, monitors a test of a subject (out of frame) in the Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) device. Others pictured, left to right, are Todd Schlegel (seated) of the Medical Sciences Division at JSC, unidentified trainer, Linda Barrows of Krug; cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov, mission commander; cosmonaut Gennadiy M. Strekalov, Thagard and cosmonaut Alexsandr F. Poleshchuk, Mir 18 reserve flight engineer.

jsc2012e096292

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-07

JSC2012-E-096292 (7 June 2012) --- Attired in Russian Sokol launch and entry suits, NASA astronaut Tom Marshburn (left), Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko (center) and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris Hadfield, all Expedition 32 backup crew members, take a break from training in Star City, Russia to pose for a portrait. Photo credit: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

STS-71 astronauts and cosmonauts listen to briefing during training session

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

A number of Russian cosmonauts and an American astronaut listen to a briefing on launch and landing emergency situations during a training session in the Systems Integration Facility at JSC. Scheduled to launch aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis with the S

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Cosmonaut Alexandr F. Poleshchuk (right) inventories medical supplies with Ezra D. Kucharz, medical operations trainer for Krug Life Sciences, Incorporated. Poleshchuk, a Mir reserve crew member, and a number of other cosmonauts and astronauts participati

Astronaut Stafford and Cosmonaut Leonov during joint crew training at JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-24

S75-21945 (24 Feb. 1975) --- Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov (left) and astronaut Thomas P. Stafford take part in Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training in Building 35 at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are commanders of their respective prime crews. The training session simulated the activities of the second day in Earth orbit. Stafford and Leonov are in the Docking Module mock-up.

Expedition 25 portraits in Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-08-31

JSC2010-E-124006 (August 2010) --- Attired in Russian Sokol launch and entry suits, NASA astronaut Scott Kelly (left), Expedition 25 flight engineer and Expedition 26 commander; along with Russian cosmonauts Alexander Kaleri (center) and Oleg Skripochka, both Expedition 25/26 flight engineers, take a break from training in Star City, Russia to pose for a portrait. Photo credit: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

Expedition 50 Qualification Exams

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-25

Expedition 50 crew members NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson, left, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Novitskiy of Roscosmos, center, and ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet laugh together as they prepare for their final qualification exams, Tuesday, Oct. 25, 2016, at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

STS-102 / Expedition 1 Crew Return Ceremony at Ellington Field.

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-22

JSC2001-E-08325 (22 March 2001) --- Some of the participants of the Expedition One and STS-102 crew return ceremony applaud one of the speakers. Pictured from the left are cosmonaut Vasily Tsibliev, Deputy Director of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City; cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer; astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, mission commander; and Yuri P. Gidzenko, Soyuz commander.

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-11

Cosmonaut Gennadiy M. Strekalov (right), Mir-18 flight engineer, is briefed on medical supplies by Ezra D. Kucharz, medical operations trainer for Krug Life Sciences, Incorporated. Strekalov and a number of other cosmonauts and astronauts participating in joint Russia - United States space missions are in Houston, Texas, to prepare for their upcoming missions.

jsc2009e049945

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-12

JSC2009-E-049945 (February 2009) --- Attired in Russian Sokol launch and entry suits, European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Frank De Winne (right), Expedition 20 flight engineer and Expedition 21 commander; cosmonaut Roman Romanenko and NASA astronaut Nicole Stott, both Expedition 20/21 flight engineers, take a break from training in Star City, Russia to pose for a portrait. Photo credit: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-11

Cosmonaut Alexandr F. Poleshchuk (right) inventories medical supplies with Ezra D. Kucharz, medical operations trainer for Krug Life Sciences, Incorporated. Poleshchuk, a Mir reserve crew member, and a number of other cosmonauts and astronauts participating in the joint Russia - United States program were in Houston, Texas, to prepare for upcoming missions which involve crew members from the two nations.

jsc2009e049944

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-12

JSC2009-E-049944 (February 2009) --- Attired in Russian Sokol launch and entry suits, European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Frank De Winne (right), Expedition 20 flight engineer and Expedition 21 commander; cosmonaut Roman Romanenko (center) and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Robert Thirsk, both Expedition 20/21 flight engineers, take a break from training in Star City, Russia to pose for a portrait. Photo credit: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

jsc2012e238481

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-14

JSC2012-E-238481 (14 Nov. 2012) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris Hadfield (right), Expedition 34 flight engineer and Expedition 35 commander; along with Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko (center) and NASA astronaut Tom Marshburn, both Expedition 34/35 flight engineers, attired in Russian Sokol launch and entry suits, take a break from training in Star City, Russia to pose for a portrait. Photo credit: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

Expedition One crew in Russian with Service Module

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-14

JSC2000-E-18632 (June 2000) --- An interior shot of the Zarya Functional Cargo Bay (FGB) trainer/mockup at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. This photo was taken prior to a training session by the Expedition One crew.

03pd1540

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

May 6, 2003. Star City, Russia. Expedition Six Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin speaks during a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: "NASA/Bill Ingalls"

Expedition 6 Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-05

Expedition 6 International Space Station Science Officer Don Pettit speaks during a press conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Thursday, May 6, 2003. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

03pd1541

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

May 6, 2003. Star City, Russia. Expedition Six NASA ISS Science Officer Don Pettit speaks during a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: "NASA/Bill Ingalls"

ISS Phase One Activities and Manufacturing in Russia, France and Italy

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-07

S96-17447 (October 1996) --- Astronaut William M. Shepherd, Expedition One commander, works out in a gymnasium at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. The crew has been in training for the mission since late 1996 with training segments held in both the United States and Russia.

ISS Phase One Activities and Manufacturing in Russia, France and Italy

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-07

S96-17384 (October 1996) --- Astronaut William M. Shepherd, Expedition One commander, works out in a gymnasium at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. The crew has been in training for the mission since late 1996 with training segments held in both the United States and Russia.

Work of the cosmonaut

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Demin, L. S.

1980-01-01

The necessity for the cosmonaut to receive broad training in many fields in order to carry out his multifaceted work is discussed. The work includes: scientific research, engineering, operator's work, participation in technical commissions and councils, training on simulators, and the study of technology and sports.

STS-71 astronauts and cosmonauts listen to briefing during training session

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-10-28

S94-47218 (28 Oct 1994) --- A number of Russian cosmonauts and an American astronaut listen to a briefing on launch and landing emergency situations during a training session in the Systems Integration Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Scheduled to launch aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis with the STS-71 crew (in orange suits, left to right) are Nikolai M. Budarin, Mir 19 flight engineer; Anatoliy Y. Solovyev, Mir 19 mission commander; and Bonnie J. Dunbar, STS-71 mission specialist. The three are flanked by cosmonauts Gennadiy M. Strekalov (seated, second left) and Vladimir N. Dezhurov (seated, right foreground), flight engineer and commander, respectively, for the Mir-18 mission, who will return from a Russian Mir Space Station stay in Atlantis along with the two-way crew members of the STS-71 mission. Alexsandr F. Poleshchuk (seated, far left) is a Mir-reserve crew member.

Expedition 52 Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-10

Expedition 52 backup crew member Mark Vande Hei of NASA is seen during a crew press conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), Monday, July 10, 2017 in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 50 Qualification Exams

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-25

ESA Flight Surgeon Dr. Brigitte Godard, seated left, NASA Flight ‎Surgeon Jennifer Law, center, talk with Expedition 50 NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson ahead of the final qualification exams with Whitson and her fellow crew mates Russian cosmonaut Oleg Novitskiy of Roscosmos and ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet, Tuesday, Oct. 25, 2016, at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

jsc2013e013833

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-03-07

With a picture of the Russian great designer Sergei Korolev over his right shoulder, Expedition 35-36 Flight Engineer Chris Cassidy (right) poses for pictures March 7 with his crewmates, Flight Engineer Alexander Misurkin (left) and Soyuz Commander Pavel Vinogradov (center) at the Gagarin Museum at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The three crewmembers are training for their launch to the International Space Station March 29, Kazakh time, in their Soyuz TMA-08M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazkahstan. NASA / Stephanie Stoll

STS-102 / Expedition 1 Crew Return Ceremony at Ellington Field.

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-22

JSC2001-E-08317 (22 March 2001) --- Members of the Expedition One crew await opportunities to individually address a crowd gathered at Ellington Field to honor their return to Houston. return. Pictured from the left are cosmonaut Vasily Tsibliev, Deputy Director of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City; cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer; astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, mission commander; and Yuri P. Gidzenko, Soyuz commander; along with Joseph Rothenberg, NASA Associate Administrator for Space Flight.

Expedition 6 Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-05

Expedition 6 Commander Ken Bowersox, left and NASA International Space Station Science Officer Don Pettit speak during a press conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Thursday, May 6, 2003. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 9 Landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-24

Renita Fincke follows the arrival of her husband, NASA astronaut Michael Fincke, to the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center while holding their 4 month-old baby Tarali Fincke, Sunday, October 24, 2004, in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

jsc2013e013835

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-03-07

At the Gagarin Museum at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 35-36 Flight Engineer Chris Cassidy of NASA (right) signs a ceremonial book March 7 during traditional pre-launch activities as his crewmate, Soyuz Commander Pavel Vinogradov (left) looks on. Cassidy, Vinogradov and Flight Engineer Alexander Misurkin will launch to the International Space Station March 29, Kazakh time, in their Soyuz TMA-08M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosomodrome in Kazakhstan. NASA / Stephanie Stoll

Cosmonaut Yuriy Onufriyenko simulates parachute drop into water

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-10-13

S94-47232 (13 Oct 1994) --- Cosmonaut Yuriy I. Onufriyenko (right), in the United States to participate in training for joint Russia-United States space missions, simulates a parachute drop into water. The training took place in the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F) because it contains a 25-feet-deep pool. Onufriyenko, a Mir reserve team member, and a number of other cosmonauts and astronauts participating in the joint program were in Houston, Texas to prepare for upcoming missions which involve crewmembers from the two nations.

KSC-03pd1539

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

STAR CITY, RUSSIA - Expedition Six Commander Ken Bowersox speaks at a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The Expedition Six crew spent 161 days in space, 159 manning the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

Mortality among Soviet and Russian cosmonauts: 1960-2013.

PubMed

Reynolds, Robert J; Day, Steven M; Nurgalieva, Zhannat Z

2014-07-01

Though the mortality of U.S. astronauts has been studied repeatedly in the last 20 yr, little is known about the long-term mortality trends of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts. Using data from 266 cosmonauts accepted into cosmonaut training from 1960 to 2013, we document the causes of death and crude death rates among cosmonauts. Using standardized mortality ratios (SMR), we compared cosmonauts to the general populations of Russia and Ukraine, and to 330 U.S. astronauts. Cosmonauts experienced significantly lower all-cause mortality risk compared to the general population. However, cosmonauts were at almost double the risk of all-cause mortality in comparison to U.S. astronauts (SMR = 190, 95% C.I. 154-239). Cosmonauts were also at greater risk of circulatory disease (SMR = 364, 95% C.I. 225-557) and cancer (SMR = 177, 95% C.I. 108-274) compared to U.S. astronauts. Though not statistically significant, cosmonauts experienced fewer fatal accidents (SMR = 88, 95% C.I. = 54-136) than their U.S. counterparts. Cosmonauts are at much lower risk of all-cause mortality than the general populations of Russia and Ukraine, yet are at greater risk for death by cardiovascular disease and cancer than are U.S. astronauts. This disparity may have common roots with decreases in life expectancy in Russia in recent decades. Further research is needed to understand these trends fully.

Expedition 11 Arrival

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-04-08

European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, waves to well-wishers upon departure from the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center training base, Saturday, April 9, 2005, in Star City, Russia. Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commercial contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 6 Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-05

Expedition 6 Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin, left, Commander Ken Bowersox and International Space Station Science Officer Don Pettit, right, pose for photos at a press conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Thursday, May 6, 2003. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

KSC-03pd1540

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

STAR CITY, RUSSIA - Expedition Six Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin speaks during a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The Expedition Six crew spent 161 days in space, 159 manning the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

Expedition 6 Press Conference

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-05

Expedition 6 Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin, left, Commander Ken Bowersox and NASA International Space Station Science Officer Don Pettit, right, answer questions during a press conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Thursday, May 6, 2003. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 43 Crew Final Exams in Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-13

NASA Video File of ISS Expedition 43 final exams in Russia on March 5, 2015 with crewmembers Scott Kelly, Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko; and backup crew Jeff Williams, Sergei Volkov and Alexei Ovchinin. Includes footage of final qualification training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC); interview with Emily Nelson, ISS Expedition 46 Lead Flight Director; and scenes from the qualification training.

Expedition-8 Crew Members Portrait

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

This is a portrait of the Expedition-8 two man crew. Pictured left is Cosmonaut Alexander Y, Kaleri, Soyuz Commander and flight engineer; and Michael C. Foale (right), Expedition-8 Mission Commander and NASA ISS Science Officer. The crew posed for this portrait while training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The two were launched for the International Space Station (ISS) aboard a Soyuz TMA-3 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, along with European Space Agency (ESA) Astronaut Pedro Duque of Spain, on October 18, 2003.

Opportunity Arm and Gagarin Rock, Sol 405

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-04-08

NASA Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity used its rock abrasion tool on a rock informally named Gagarin, leaving a circular mark. At the end of the rover arm, the tool turret is positioned with the rock abrasion tool pointing upward.

03pd1537

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

May 6, 2003. Star City, Russia. Expedition Six Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin (L), Commander Ken Bowersox (C), and NASA ISS Science Officer Don Pettit (R) pose for photos at a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: "NASA/Bill Ingalls"

03pd1538

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

May 6, 2003. Star City, Russia. Expedition Six Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin (L), Commander Ken Bowersox (C), and NASA ISS Science Officer Don Pettit (R) pose for photos at a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: "NASA/Bill Ingalls"

KSC-03pd1541

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

STAR CITY, RUSSIA - Expedition Six NASA ISS Science Officer Don Pettit speaks during a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The Expedition Six crew spent 161 days in space, 159 manning the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

jsc2012e239103

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-29

At the Gagarin Museum at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) signs a testimonial book Nov. 29, 2012 during ceremonial activities. The book is signed by all Russian and international space travelers prior to their flights. Looking on are NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (left) and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (right). They are scheduled to launch Dec. 19 to the International Space Station in the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Hungarian cosmonaut in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

The selection and training of cosmonauts and the preparation of the first Hungarian for flight on Salyut 36 and its linking with Soyuz 6 are described. Biographical sketches of the crew members, the reasons for different types of wearing different types of spacesuits during flight in the space station, and the experiments conducted are discussed. Photographs are included.

jsc2012e239100

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-29

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, backup Expedition 34/35 crewmember Karen Nyberg of NASA answers a question from a reporter during a news conference Nov. 29, 2012. Nyberg, Soyuz Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin (center) and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency (right are the backups to prime crewmembers Tom Marshburn of NASA, Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko and Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency who are training for launch Dec. 19 to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Cosmonaut Aleksey Leonov enjoys tribal welcome from Shoshone Indians

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-09-01

S75-20108 (September 1974) --- Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov (right), commander of the first (prime) crew of Soviet cosmonauts on the planned Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), enjoys a tribal welcome from Shoshone Indians during a hunting trip in the Lander, Wyoming area. Leonov was in the United States to take part in joint crew training at the Johnson Space Center.

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-11

Using Dr. Dave E. Ward, a JSC physician, as a test subject, cosmonaut Gennadiy M. Strekalov (left), rehearses the taking of blood pressure. This is a service he will likely be performing a great deal next year when he boards Russia's Mir Space Station, in Earth-orbit, as Mir 18 flight engineer.

Expedition 23 State Commission

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-31

Sergei Krikalev, Chief, State Organization, Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center speaks during the State Commission meeting to approve the Soyuz launch of Expedition 23 Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov, Flight Engineer Tracy Caldwell Dyson and Flight Engineer Mikhail Kornienko on Thursday, April 1, 2010, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

STS-111 & Expedition 4 Crew Return Ceremony

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-24

JSC2002-E-26023 (21 June 2002) --- Johnson Space Center’s (JSC) Director Jefferson Davis Howell, Jr. speaks from the lectern in Hangar 990 at Ellington Field during the STS-111 and Expedition Four crew return ceremonies. Seated (from left) are General Vasily Tsiblyiev, Deputy Director of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center; cosmonaut Yury I. Onufrienko, Expedition Four mission commander; astronauts Carl E. Walz and Daniel W. Bursch, both Expedition Four flight engineers; and NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe. Tsiblyiev and Onufrienko represent Rosaviakosmos.

jsc2012e239102

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-29

At the Gagarin Museum at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (front center) thumbs through a testimonial book Nov. 29, 2012 during ceremonial activities. The book is signed by all Russian and international space travelers prior to their flights. Romanenko, NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (front left), Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (front right) and their backups, NASA’s Karen Nyberg (rear left), Fyodor Yurchikhin (rear center) and Luca Parmitano (rear right) are training for the launch of Marshburn, Hadfield and Romanenko Dec. 19 to the International Space Station in the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Expedition 31 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-24

Expedition 31 NASA backup crew member Kevin Ford signs for his International Space Station Russian segment event simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Tuesday, April 24, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members Oleg Novitskiy (left) and Evgeny Tarelkin look on. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Expedition 31 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-24

Expedition 31 NASA backup crew member Kevin Ford, left, Oleg Novitskiy and Evgeny Tarelkin, third from left, select International Space Station Russian segment event simulation test cards for their final qualification test in preparation for flight, Tuesday, April 24, 2012 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

KSC-03pd1538

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

STAR CITY, RUSSIA - Expedition Six Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin (left), Commander Ken Bowersox (center), and NASA ISS Science Officer Don Pettit (right) pose for photos at a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The Expedition Six crew spent 161 days in space, 159 manning the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

KSC-03pd1537

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

STAR CITY, RUSSIA - Expedition Six Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin (large), Commander Ken Bowersox (center), and NASA ISS Science Officer Don Pettit (right) pose for photos at a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The Expedition Six crew spent 161 days in space, 159 manning the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

KSC-03pd1542

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-06

STAR CITY, RUSSIA - Expedition Six Flight Engineer Nikolai Budarin (left), Commander Ken Bowersox (center), and NASA ISS Science Officer Don Pettit (right) answer questions during a Press Conference at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The Expedition Six crew spent 161 days in space, 159 manning the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

Expedition 30 Landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-27

NASA and GCTC (Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center) crew support personnel enter the inflatable medical tent in which Expedition 30 Commander Dan Burbank, and flight engineers Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoly Ivanishin are being checked out shortly after their Soyuz TMA-22 capsule landed out side the town of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, Friday, April 27, 2012. Burbank, and Russian Cosmonauts Shkaplerov and Ivanishin are returning from more than five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 29 and 30 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Expedition 27 Landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-05-24

Chief, Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Sergei Krikalev shakes hands and welcomes home Expedition 27 Commander Dmitry Kondratyev at the Chkalovsky airport outside Star City, Russia several hours after Kondratyev and Flight Engineers Paolo Nespoli and Cady Coleman landed in their Soyuz TMA-20 southeast of the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, on Tuesday, May 24, 2011. NASA Astronaut Coleman, Russian Cosmonaut Kondratyev and Italian Astronaut Nespoli are returning from more than five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 26 and 27 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Motivational profiles of retired cosmonauts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suedfeld, Peter; Johnson, Phyllis J.; Gushin, Vadim; Brcic, Jelena

2018-05-01

Motivational patterns have been shown to be related to outcomes such as occupational success and satisfaction, innovation, aggressiveness, cooperation, and conformity. They are likely to be important in adaptation to the demands of flying in a space crew. Autobiographical interviews with 20 retired long-duration male cosmonauts were scored for references to three core motives: the needs for Achievement, Power, and Affiliation. Overall, the cosmonauts mentioned need for Affiliation most often, followed by need for Achievement, with need for Power the least frequently mentioned. However, need for Power increased between reminiscences of one's pre-flight career to those concerning the in-flight and post-flight periods. Imagery related to both other needs decreased. Cosmonauts who had spent less than a year in space mentioned need for Achievement significantly more frequently than those who had spent more than a year. Other space-experience and demographic variables, and changes across pairs of career phases, were not significant. The high scores for need for Affiliation indicate the importance of selecting compatible teams and fostering friendship and cooperation during training and deployment. A relatively flat hierarchical organization would be harmonious with low Power motivation; but the increase during missions indicates a desire for autonomy. After retirement from spaceflight, former space crews should be afforded opportunities for leadership and decision-making to satisfy continuing need for Power. Comparison is made to the same measures applied to a sample of ISS crewmembers, and to the ISS vs. veteran data for 8 cosmonauts who were included in both sets of data.

Informal portrait of STS-71/Mir cosmonauts and astronauts

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-10-28

S94-47050 (28 Oct 1994) --- Crew members for the joint Space Shuttle/Russian Mir Space Station missions assemble for an informal portrait during a break in training in the Systems Integration Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). In front (left to right) are astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar; cosmonauts Aleksandr F. Poleshchuk, Yuriy I. Onufriyenko, Gennadiy M. Strekalov and Vladimir N. Dezhurov. In the rear are astronaut Gregory J. Harbaugh; cosmonaut Anatoliy Y. Solovyev, and astronauts Charles J. Precourt, Robert L. Gibson, Ellen S. Baker and Norman E. Thagard. In a precedent-setting flight, Thagard will be launched as a guest researcher along with Dezhurov, commander, and Strekalov, flight engineer, to Russia's Mir Space Station early next year for a three month mission, designated as Mir 18. Then in late spring, as the assignment of STS-71, the Space Shuttle Atlantis will rendezvous with Mir to pick up the Mir 18 crew and transfer cosmonauts Solovyov and Nikolai M. Budarin to the station for the Mir 19 mission. STS-71 mission specialist Dunbar is training as Thagard's backup.

Expedition 43 Media Day

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-21

Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) Chief Epidemiologist Sergei Savin stands in the Cosmonaut Hotel lobby and instructs the media on how their access to the Expedition 43 prime and backup crews will be organized during media day, Saturday, March 21, 2015, Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Expedition 43 NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, and Russian Cosmonauts Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time (March 27 Eastern time.) As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev receives assistance from suit technician

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Sergei Krikalev, alternative mission specialist for STS-63, gets help from Dawn Mays, a Boeing suit technician. The cosmonaut was about to participate in a training session at JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). Wearing the training version of the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, weighted to allow neutral buoyancy in the 25 feet deep WETF pool, Krikalev minutes later was underwater simulating a contingency spacewalk, or extravehicular activity (EVA).

Cosmonaut Aleksey Leonov joins belly dancer on stage at Folklife Festival

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-09-14

S74-28666 (14 Sept. 1974) --- Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, in one of the lighter moments of activity involving Soviet cosmonauts and American astronauts, joins a belly dancer on stage as several visitors to weekend activity at the site of San Antonio?s HemisFair look on. Leonov is commander of the Soviet Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) crew. A group of cosmonauts is in this country training with American astronauts for the joint U.S.-USSR ASTP rendezvous and docking mission scheduled for the summer of 1975. The Lebanese dancing was just one feature among many during the Texas Folklife Festival, in which members of 26 ethnic groups participated.

Astronauts and Cosmonauts sightseeing at Red Square in Moscow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A group of Astronauts and their Cosmonaut hosts are photographed sightseeing on Red Square in the heart of Moscow during a tour of the Soviet capital. The Americans were in the USSR to participate in Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) familiarization training on the Soyuz systems at the Cosmonaut Training Center (Star City) near Moscow. Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (light coat, black cap), commander of the American ASTP crew, was head of the U.S. delegation to Star City. Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan (on Stafford's left, light coat) is the Special Assistant to the American Technical Director of ASTP. The sightseeing group is walking in the direction of Lenin's Mausoleum. The structure in the background is the Cathedral of the Intercession (St. Basil's) Museum. The historic Kremlin complex is to the right.

[Cluster analysis applicability to fitness evaluation of cosmonauts on long-term missions of the International space station].

PubMed

Egorov, A D; Stepantsov, V I; Nosovskiĭ, A M; Shipov, A A

2009-01-01

Cluster analysis was applied to evaluate locomotion training (running and running intermingled with walking) of 13 cosmonauts on long-term ISS missions by the parameters of duration (min), distance (m) and intensity (km/h). Based on the results of analyses, the cosmonauts were distributed into three steady groups of 2, 5 and 6 persons. Distance and speed showed a statistical rise (p < 0.03) from group 1 to group 3. Duration of physical locomotion training was not statistically different in the groups (p = 0.125). Therefore, cluster analysis is an adequate method of evaluating fitness of cosmonauts on long-term missions.

jsc2013e080223

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-09-06

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 37/38 Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov (second from left) holds a toy cat mascot during a pre-launch news conference Sept. 6 as his crewmates, Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins of NASA (far left) and Flight Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy (second from the right) look on. Also participating in the news conference was the head of the Cosmonaut Training Center, Sergei Krikalev (far right). The mascot will be mounted inside the crew’s Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft over Kotov’s head as a “zero-g indicator” once the crew launches. Their launch to the International Space Station is set for Sept. 26, Kazakh time, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e241353

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-06

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, the Expedition 34/35 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures in front of the statue of Vladimir Lenin Dec. 6, 2012 before departing for their launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for final training. From left to right are backup crewmembers Karen Nyberg of NASA, Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency and Russian cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin and prime crewmembers Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko, Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency and Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA. Romanenko, Hadfield and Marshburn will launch Dec. 19 on their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from Baikonur for a five-month mission on the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Expedition 21 Crew Prepares For Launch

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-09-29

Chief, State Organization, Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Sergei Krikalev, left, Ambassador of the United States of America to the Russian Federation, John Beyrle, center, and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden say hello to each other prior to talking to Expedition 21 crew members Maxim Suraev, Jeffrey N. Williams and Spaceflight Participant Guy Laliberté, Wednesday, Sept. 30, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 49 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-07

Expedition 49 backup crew members Mark Vande Hei of NASA, left, Alexander Misurkin, center, and Nikolai Tikhonov of Roscomos, left, exit the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) aircraft after arriving in Baikonur, Kazakhstan on Friday, Oct. 7, 2016. The trio are preparing for launch to the International Spacestation in their Soyuz MS-02 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on October 19, 2016. Photo Credit: (NASA/Victor Zelentsov)

Astronauts and Cosmonauts sightseeing at Red Square in Moscow

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-11-01

S74-20831 (November 1973) --- A group of astronauts and their cosmonaut hosts are photographed sightseeing on Red Square in the heart of Moscow during a tour of the Soviet capital. The Americans were in the USSR to participate in Apollo-Soyuz Test Project familiarization training on the Soyuz systems at the Cosmonaut Training Center (Star City) near Moscow. Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (light coat, black cap), commander of the American ASTP crew, was head of the U.S. delegation to Star City. Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan (on Stafford?s left, light coat) is the Special Assistant to the American Technical Director of ASTP. The sightseeing group is walking in the direction of Lenin?s Mausoleum. The structure in the background is the Cathedral of the Intercession (St. Basil?s) Museum. The historic Kremlin complex is to the right. PHOTO COURTESY: USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Star City, Russia Medical Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chandler, Michael R.; Senter, Cedric H.; Roden, Sean K.; Gilmore, Stevan; Powers, William E.; Alexander, David J.

2004-01-01

Since the beginning of the NASA/Mir missions, NASA has had astronauts in training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), also known as Star City, with crewmembers currently there to train for the International Space Station missions. Agreements have been reached with all International Partners that allow the crewmember's parent agency to provide a flight surgeon to oversee crewmember health and safety during training away from home. NASA Medical Operations through the Bioastronautics Contract employs flight surgeons to provide medical support for U.S. crewmembers and their support staff. This poster presentation reviews the aspects of NASA medical operations at Star City.

Exp. 55-56 Qual Exams Video File

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-22

Expedition 55-56 Crew Undergoes Final Training Outside Moscow Three crew members preparing for a five-month mission on the International Space Station completed their final training before launch. Expedition 55-56 Soyuz Commander Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos and Flight Engineers Drew Feustel and Ricky Arnold of NASA and their backups, Alexey Ovchinin of Roscosmos and Nick Hague of NASA, conducted final qualification training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia Feb. 20 and 21. Artemyev, Feustel and Arnold are scheduled to launch aboard the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft on March 21 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

jsc2012e239104

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-29

At the Gagarin Museum at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA (left) signs a testimonial book Nov. 29, 2012 during ceremonial activities. The book is signed by all Russian and international space travelers prior to their flights. Looking on are Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (front center), and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (front right). In the back row are their backups, NASA’s Karen Nyberg (left), Fyodor Yurchikhin (center) and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency (right). Marshburn, Romanenko and Hadfield are scheduled to launch Dec. 19 to the International Space Station in the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Expedition 31 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-24

Expedition 31 NASA flight engineer Joe Acaba signs for his Soyuz vehicle simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Tuesday, April 24, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, left, and flight engineer Sergei Revin look on. Acaba, Padalka and Revin are set to launch to the International Space Station May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Expedition 31 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-24

Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka signs for his Soyuz vehicle simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Tuesday, April 24, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members NASA flight engineer Joe Acaba, left, and flight engineer Sergei Revin look on. Padalka, Acaba and Revin are set to launch to the International Space Station May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

jsc2012e239098

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-29

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA is introduced at a news conference Nov. 29, 2012 as he, Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (right) prepare for their launch to the International Space Station Dec. 19 in their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Expedition 7 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-04-09

NASA International Space Station Science Officer and Flight Engineer for Expedition 7 Edward T. Lu, reads a marker placed in front of a tree planted in honor of cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on the grounds of the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazahstan on Wednesday, April 9, 2003. The trees along this walkway are planted in honor of other cosmonauts and astronauts. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Aerospace Medical Support in Russia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Castleberry, Tara; Chamberlin, Blake; Cole, Richard; Dowell, Gene; Savage, Scott

2011-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the role of the flight surgeon in support of aerospace medical support operations at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), also known as Star City, in Russia. The flight surgeon in this role is the medical advocate for non-russian astronauts, and also provides medical care for illness and injury for astronauts, family members, and guests as well as civil servants and contractors. The flight surgeon also provides support for hazardous training. There are various photos of the area, and the office, and some of the equipment that is used.

jsc2012e241354

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-06

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA (left) answers a question from reporters Dec. 6, 2012 while his crewmates, Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (right) look on. The trio departed Star City for their launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for final training leading to their launch Dec. 19 on the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft for a five-month mission on the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Psychophysiological Approach To Support Of Cosmonauts Performance Reliability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nechaev, A. P.

Space flight factors may effect negatively on psychophysiological state (PPS) and work capacity of crewmembers, lead to errors in tasks performance. Such errors cannot be entirely prevented during "crew-spacecraft" system designing and/or crewmembers training as they are consequence of a human "psychophysiological troubles". In the present investigation we paid special attention to work and rest schedule (WRS) intensity due to sleep-wake rhythm disturbances and crewmembers overload may cause PPS aggravation. By methods of the correlation analysis of the data collected during 9 "Mir" missions (18 Russian cosmonauts, 226 flight weeks) the significant (p<0.05) interrelations between WRS intensity and cosmonauts PPS as well as between cosmonauts PPS and crewmembers errors (CE) frequency have been established. It allows to consider WRS intensity as "the controlling factor" in relation to crewmember's PPS. Quantitative characteristics of these interrelations have been also determined. This findings have been used for development of algorithm of crewmember's PPS management with the purpose of decrease in CE frequency. The algorithm can be briefly described in the following kind. On the basis of the analysis of crew forthcoming work experts should assess WRS intensity, possible crewmembers PPS alterations, and expected CE frequency. If CE frequency is allowable the management may be limited to recommendations that operative vigilance increase. If CE frequency is higher allowable it is necessary to carry out the measures on crewmembers PPS normalization by means of decrease in WRS intensity. The algorithm is intended for use in the on-ground expert system of psychophysiological support of cosmonauts performance.

Expedition 53 Landing Preparations

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-12

Deputy Head of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center and cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, left, Head of the Search-and-Rescue Department of Rosaviatsiya (Russian Federal Air Transport Agency) Aleksey N. Lukiyanov, second from left, and other Russian Search and Recovery personnel are seen during a readiness review for the landing of Expedition 53 Commander Randy Bresnik of NASA and Flight Engineers Paolo Nespoli of ESA (European Space Agency) and Sergey Ryazanskiy of the Russian space agency Roscosmos Tuesday, Dec. 12, 2017. Bresnik, Nespoli and Ryazanskiy are returning after 139 days in space where they served as members of the Expedition 52 and 53 crews onboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

STS-111 & Expedition 4 Crew Return Ceremony

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-24

JSC2002-E-26021 (21 June 2002) --- Johnson Space Center’s (JSC) Director Jefferson Davis Howell, Jr. speaks from the lectern in Hangar 990 at Ellington Field during the STS-111 and Expedition Four crew return ceremonies. Seated (from left) are General Vasily Tsiblyiev, Deputy Director of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center; cosmonaut Yury I. Onufrienko, Expedition Four mission commander; astronauts Carl E. Walz and Daniel W. Bursch, both Expedition Four flight engineers; NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe; astronauts Kenneth D. Cockrell, STS-111 mission commander; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot; Franklin R. Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin, both mission specialists. Tsiblyiev and Onufrienko represent Rosaviakosmos, and Perrin represents CNES, the French Space Agency.

Expedition 34 Prelaunch photo

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-27

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 backup crewmember Karen Nyberg of NASA looks on during a round of questions from reporters Nov. 27, 2012 and she and her crewmates, Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency and Soyuz Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin participated in the first of two days of certification exams. The trio was joined by prime crew members Tom Marshburn of NASA, cosmonaut Roman Romanenko and Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency, who are preparing for launch Dec. 19 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft for 5 ½ months on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e098231

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-07-02

(2 July, 2012) --- At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center at Star City, Russia on July 2, 2012, the Expedition 32/33 backup and prime crew members pose in front of Vladimir Lenin’s statue as part of their farewell sendoff to the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. From left to right are backup crew members Tom Marshburn of NASA, Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris Hadfield, cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, and prime crew members Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Flight Engineer Aki Hoshide, NASA Flight Engineer Sunita Williams, and Soyuz Commander Yuri Malenchenko. Hoshide, Williams and Malenchenko are scheduled to launch to the space station on July 15 in their Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft from Baikonur. NASA/Stephanie Stoll.

Expedition 34 Prelaunch photo

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-27

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, the Expedition 34/35 backup crewmembers pose for pictures in front of a Soyuz spacecraft mockup Nov. 27, 2012 at the start of two days of certification exams. NASA Flight Engineer Karen Nyberg (left), Soyuz Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin (center) and Flight Engineer Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency (right) were joined by prime crew members Tom Marshburn of NASA, cosmonaut Roman Romanenko and Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency, who are preparing for launch Dec. 19 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft for 5 ½ months on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Astronaut Stafford and Cosmonaut Leonov examines food packages for ASTP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Two Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) crewmen look over food cans and packages in the Soyuz Orbital Module trainer in bldg 35 during ASTP joint crew training at JSC. They are Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (left), commander of the American ASTP prime crew; and Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activity on the second day in Earth orbit.

jsc2013e080230

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-09-06

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 37/38 Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins of NASA (left) signs a certification book in a traditional ceremony Sept. 6 as his Soyuz Commander, Oleg Kotov (right) looks on. Hopkins, Kotov and Flight Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy are preparing for their launch to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Sept. 26, Kazakh time, aboard the Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

[Research activities of cosmonauts in long-duration orbital missions].

PubMed

2012-01-01

The paper presents the view of space medicine and human factor experts on the problems of cosmonaut's research activities. Readiness of ISS crewmembers for conducting experiments and research equipment handling depends on the pre-flight training quality and course of adaptation to the flight conditions, the latter of particular criticality for participation in human use tests as an object.

Exp. 55-56 GCTC News Conference, Red Square and Museum Visit

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-26

Expedition 55-56 Crew Conducts Traditional Ceremonies in Star City and Moscow, Russia----- : Expedition 55-56 Soyuz Commander Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos and Flight Engineers Drew Feustel and Ricky Arnold of NASA, the next crew headed to the International Space Station, visited the Gagarin Museum at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Feb. 22 where they viewed historic space artifacts, then visited Red Square in Moscow for traditional ceremonies, including the laying of flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred. Their backups, Alexey Ovchinin of Roscosmos and Nick Hague of NASA, also participated in the visits. Artemyev, Feustel and Arnold are scheduled to launch on March 21 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft for a five-month mission on the orbiting laboratory.

jsc2017e038547

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-03-30

jsc2017e038547 (March 30, 2017) --- At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 51 crewmembers Jack Fischer of NASA (left) and Fyodor Yurchikhin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, right) flash broad smiles March 30 as they begin final crew qualification exams. They will launch April 20 on the Soyuz MS-04 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a four and a half month mission on the International Space Station. Credit: NASA/Rob Navias

jsc2018e008068

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-22

jsc2018e008068 - At Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 55 crewmember Drew Feustel of NASA lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch activities Feb. 22. Feustel, Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos and Ricky Arnold of NASA will launch March 21 on the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center/Andrey Shelepin and Irina Spektor .

Expedition 31 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-23

Expedition 31 NASA NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba signs for his International Space Station Russian segment event simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Monday, April 23, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members Soyuz commander Gennady Padalka (left) and Sergei Revin look on. Acaba, Padalka and Revin are set to launch May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft to the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

jsc2012e239101

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-30

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, the Expedition 34/35 prime crew clasps hands at the conclusion of a news conference Nov. 29, 2012 as they complete preparations for launch Dec. 19 to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. From left to right are NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn, Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e238678

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko listens to a question from reporters during the second of two days of flight qualification exams Nov. 28, 2012. He and his crewmates, Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency and NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn are preparing for launch Dec. 19 to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

The Cosmonaut Sea Wedge

USGS Publications Warehouse

Solli, K.; Kuvaas, B.; Kristoffersen, Y.; Leitchenkov, G.; Guseva, J.; Gandyukhin, V.

2007-01-01

A set of multi-channel seismic profiles (~15000 km) acquired by Russia, Norway and Australia has been used to investigate the depositional evolution of the Cosmonaut Sea margin of East Antarctica. We recognize a regional sediment wedge below the upper part of the continental rise. The wedge, herein termed the Cosmonaut Sea Wedge, is positioned stratigraphically underneath the inferred glaciomarine section and extends for at least 1200 km along the continental margin and from 80 to about 250 km seaward or to the north. Lateral variations in the growth pattern of the wedge indicate several overlapping depocentres, which at their distal northern end are flanked by elongated mounded drifts and contourite sheets. The internal stratification of the mounded drift deposits suggests that westward flowing bottom currents reworked the marginal deposits. The action of these currents together with sea-level changes is considered to have controlled the growth of the wedge. We interpret the Cosmonaut Sea Wedge as a composite feature comprising several bottom current reworked fan systems.

Contemporary conception of anti-G protection of cosmonauts in flights aboard "Soyuz" space vehicles.

PubMed

Kotovskaya, A R; Vil-Viliams, I F; Lukianiuk, V Yu

2004-07-01

To ensure safety of cosmonauts impacted by +Gx loads during insertion into orbit of a Soyuz-type space vehicle, it is critical to conduct appropriate medical selection of candidates to space flights, to give them proper complete physical and specialized centrifuge training, and to make it sure that at the moment of actual injection the cosmonaut's posture is optimal relative to the g-vector and that the body is tight fitting the custom-molded couch. No AGS is needed. For the purposes of protection of cosmonauts descending in the Soyuz vehicles, vital are countermeasures applied in the course of flight, water-salt supplements on the descent day, and the optimal posture, an anti-g suit, and a custom-molded couch with an additional body-restraint system and dampers used on the phase of reentry.

jsc2012e238542

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-27

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn signs in for the start of two days of certification exams for flight Nov. 27, 2012 as his crewmates, Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (left) and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (right) look on. Marshburn, Romanenko and Hadfield and their backups are in the final weeks of training for launch on the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Dec. 19 for 5 ½ months on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Expedition-56-57_Star-City-Ceremonies_2018_134_2048_652945

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-15

Expedition 56-57 Crew Conducts Traditional Ceremonies in Star City and Moscow, Russia----- Expedition 56-57 Soyuz Commander Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos and Flight Engineers Serena Aunon-Chancellor of NASA and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency, and their backups, Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos, Anne McClain of NASA and David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency visited the Gagarin Museum at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia May 14 where they viewed historic space artifacts, then visited Red Square in Moscow for traditional ceremonies, including the laying of flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred. Prokopyev, Aunon-Chancellor and Gerst are scheduled to launch on June 6 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft for a six and a half month mission on the International Space Station.

jsc2012e094940

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-20

(20 June 2012) --- Expedition 32/33 NASA Flight Engineer Sunita Williams of NASA (right), flanked by Soyuz Commander Yuri Malenchenko (center), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Flight Engineer Aki Hoshide (left), signs an examination card for their final Soyuz vehicle qualification test June 20, 2012 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Malenchenko, Williams and Hoshide are scheduled to launch July 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in their Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Expedition 31 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-23

Expedition 31 NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba, far left, Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin, third from left, select International Space Station Russian segment event simulation test cards for their final qualification test in preparation for launch, Monday, April 23, 2012 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Padalka, Acaba and Revin are set to launch May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft to the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

jsc2012e238676

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA signs in for the second of two days of flight qualification exams Nov. 28, 2012. He and his crewmates are preparing for launch Dec. 19 to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft. Looking on behind Marshburn are Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (left) and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (partially hidden). NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e238679

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

The next trio of residents that will launch to the International Space Station fielded questions from reporters at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia Nov. 28, 2012 during the second of two days of flight qualification exams. Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (left), Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (right) are scheduled to launch Dec. 19 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e238677

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

The next trio of residents that will launch to the International Space Station fielded questions from reporters at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia Nov. 28, 2012 during the second of two days of flight qualification exams. Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (left), Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (right) are scheduled to launch Dec. 19 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e238675

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency signs in for the second of two days of flight qualification exams Nov. 28, 2012. He and his crewmates are preparing for launch Dec. 19 to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft. Looking on behind Hadfield are NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (left) and Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (right). NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2014e092317

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-11-06

3851: At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 42/43 crewmember Samantha Cristoforetti of the European Space Agency (right) signs a ceremonial book Nov. 6 as her crewmates, Terry Virts of NASA (left) and Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) look on. Virts, Cristoforetti and Shkaplerov will launch Nov. 24, Kazakh time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on their Soyuz TMA-15M spacecraft for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

[Individual characteristics of correction of the cosmonauts' vegetative status with a method of adaptive biofeedback

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kornilova, L. N.; Cowings, P.; Arlashchenko, N. I.; Korneev, D. Iu; Sagalovich, S. V.; Sarantseva, A. V.; Toscano, W.; Kozlovskaia, I. B.

2003-01-01

The ability of 4 cosmonauts to voluntarily control their physiological parameters during the standing test was evaluated following a series of the adaptive feedback (AF) training sessions. Vegetative status of the cosmonauts during voluntary "relaxation" and "straining" was different when compared with its indices determined before these sessions. In addition, there was a considerable individual variability in the intensity and direction of the AF effects, and the range of parameters responding to AF. It was GCR which was the easiest one for the AF control.

Cosmonaut Aleksey Leonov briefed on Apollo Communications test system console

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-04-23

S74-20807 (23 April 1974) --- Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov (foreground) is briefed on the Apollo communications test system console in the Building 440 laboratory during the joint U.S.-USSR Apollo-Soyuz Test Project training activity at the Johnson Space Center. Leonov is the commander of the Soviet ASTP crew. Leonov is being briefed by astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American ASTP crew.

ISS Expedition 43 Crew Departure from Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-16

NASA video file of ISS Expedition 43 crew departure from Russia on March 16, 2015 with crewmembers Scott Kelly, Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko; and backupcrew Jeff Williams, Sergei Volkov and Alexie Ovchinin. Includes footage of crew and backup crew as the meet outside the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC); ISS Expedition 42 crewmembers Elena Serova and Alexander Samokutyaev as they exits the GCTC; crew and backup crew with family, friends and officials as they walk to park, pose for photographs and offers short remarks; and finally the crew as they are leaving by bus.

Expedition 31 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-23

Expedition 31 NASA backup crew member Kevin Ford signs for his Soyuz vehicle simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Monday, April 23, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members Oleg Novitskiy (far left) and Evgeny Tarelkin look on. Expedition 31 prime crew members commander Gennady Padalka, flight engineers Joe Acaba and Sergei Revin practiced similar scenarios nearby in advance of their final approval for launch to the International Space Station, scheduled for May 15, 2012. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

jsc2012e238680

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

The next trio of residents that will launch to the International Space Station clasp hands for reporters and photojournalists at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia Nov. 28, 2012 during the second of two days of flight qualification exams. Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (left), Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (right) are scheduled to launch Dec. 19 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e094088

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-19

(19 June 2012) --- Expedition 32/33 backup crew members Tom Marshburn of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency walked to a Soyuz simulator as they prepared for their final Soyuz qualification test June 19, 2012 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Expedition 32 Soyuz Commander Yuri Malenchenko and Flight Engineers Suni Williams and Aki Hoshide practiced similar scenarios nearby in advance of their final approval for launch to the International Space Station, scheduled for July 15, 2012. Photo credit: NASA

jsc2012e238682

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, trainers eyed a bank of monitors as the Expedition 34/35 crew conducted the second of two days of flight qualification exams Nov. 28, 2012 in a Soyuz spacecraft simulator. NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA, Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency are preparing for launch Dec. 19 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft, bound for a 5-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e239099

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-29

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency displays a personal logo of his upcoming flight to the International Space Station in the form of a guitar pick as he fielded questions from reporters at a news conference Nov. 29, 2012. Hadfield, NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (left) and Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) will launch to the station Dec. 19 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2017e136054 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmember Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch cerem

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-30

jsc2017e136054 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmember Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. Shkaplerov, Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Scott Tingle of NASA will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft Dec. 17 for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

jsc2017e136060 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmember Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch cerem

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-30

jsc2017e136060 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmember Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. Kanai, Scott Tingle of NASA and Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft Dec. 17 for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

jsc2017e136059 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmembers Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left), Scott Tingle of NASA (center) and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JA

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-30

jsc2017e136059 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmembers Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left), Scott Tingle of NASA (center) and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, right) pose for pictures in front of St. Basil’s Cathedral in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. They will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft Dec. 17 for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

jsc2017e136058 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmember Scott Tingle of NASA lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. Tingle, Anton Shkaplerov of t

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-30

jsc2017e136058 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmember Scott Tingle of NASA lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. Tingle, Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft Dec. 17 for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Cosmonaut Usachev on the orbiter middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-09

STS102-E-5039 (9 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Yury V. Usachev, representing Rosaviakosmos, handles a locker's content on the mid deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery only hours away from assuming his role as a full fledged International Space Station crew member. Usachev, Expedition Two commander, and two astronauts are scheduled to trade places with two cosmonauts and an astronaut who have been onboard the orbiting outpost since early November 2000.

jsc2012e241355

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-06

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Center in Star City, Russia, Ann Marshburn (center), the wife of Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA and their daughter Grace, look on as the bus carrying Marshburn and his crewmates, Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency departed for the airport Dec. 6, 2012 to take them to their launch site in Baikonur, Kazakhstan for final training. To the left of Ann Marshburn is former Russian cosmonaut Alexey Leonov, the first human to walk in space in 1965 and to her right is Michael Surber, NASA’s Director of Human Spaceflight Operations in Russia. Marshburn, Romanenko and Hadfield will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome Dec. 19 on their Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft to spend five months on the International Space Station. Photo Credit: NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e238541

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-27

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia, the next trio of residents to be launched to the International Space Station began two days of certification exams for flight Nov. 27, 2012. Expedition 34/35 NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (left), Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency received preliminary instructions from GCTC Director Sergei Krikalev (far right). Romanenko, Marshburn and Hadfield and their backups are in the final weeks of training for launch on the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Dec. 19 for 5 ½ months on the orbital laboratory. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2018e010821

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-03-04

jsc2018e010821 - Bundled up against a blizzard, Expedition 55 crewmember Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos (center) holds his infant child March 4 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia as he and his crewmates walk to a waiting bus to take them to a nearby airport for a flight to the launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Looking on are crewmates Ricky Arnold of NASA (left) and Drew Feustel of NASA (right). The trio will launch March 21 on the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft for a five month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Elizabeth Weissinger.

jsc2018e010820

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-03-04

jsc2018e010820 - Bundled up against a blizzard, Expedition 55 crewmember Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos holds his infant child March 4 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia as he and his family walk to a waiting bus to take them to a nearby airport for a flight to the launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Looking on is crewmate Ricky Arnold of NASA (left). Arnold, Artemyev and Drew Feustel of NASA will launch March 21 on the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft for a five month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Elizabeth Weissinger.

jsc2013e090230

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-17

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 38/39 Soyuz Commander Mikhail Tyurin (center) is assisted by a technician as he dons protective booties for the start of final qualification simulation exams Oct. 17, 2013. Tyurin is joined by his crewmates, Flight Engineer Koichi Wakata of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (left) and NASA Flight Engineer Rick Mastracchio (right). The trio is scheduled to launch on Nov. 7, local time, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz TMA-11M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e238681

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-28

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 34/35 Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko studies a flight data file manual in front of a Soyuz spacecraft simulator Nov. 28, 2012 as he and his crewmates conducted the second of two days of flight qualification exams. Romanenko, NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency are scheduled to launch Dec. 19 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft, bound for a 5-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2017e136056 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmembers Scott Tingle of NASA (left), Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JA

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-30

jsc2017e136056 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 crewmembers Scott Tingle of NASA (left), Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, right) pose for pictures at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. They will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft Dec. 17 for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Mir 21 cosmonauts assemble a truss during EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-01

NM21-382-024 (For Release October 1996) --- Cosmonaut Yuriy I. Onufriyenko was photographed by astronaut and cosmonaut guest researcher Shannon W. Lucid as the Mir-21 commander performed a scheduled Extravehicular Activity (EVA) at a truss assembly in the early days of Lucid’s extended stay aboard Russia’s Mir Space Station.

Radioelectronics and space exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarafanov, T.; Bogoroditskiy, Y.; Milyukov, I.

1985-03-01

Citing the 23 years since Yuriy Gagarin's first radio transmission from outer space, the developments in radio communications and their role in mission control are summarized. Use of satellites for radio and television links with ground stations are an important part of information exchange. Construction and preventive maintenance activities by Soviet cosmonauts, use of radio technology for docking procedures and the reliability of such equipment, and the growing role of computer technology in space vehicles with human crews and pilotless craft are discussed. Automatic interplanetary vehicles that have landed on the moon, Mars and Venus, as well as artificial earth satellites, are facilitating weather and communication advances. Mock space equipment using radio and computer technology is of great importance for training cosmonauts. Despite all these practical applications, optimum utilization of automated equipment has yet to be achieved, and offers further challenge to Soviet and other engineers and technicians.

Where the Soviet cosmonautics is going to?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avduevskii, V. S.; Leskov, L. V.

1990-04-01

The authors discusse some of the achievements of the Soviet Cosmonautics during the previous epoch. They underly that the Brezhnev epoch in Soviet Cosmonautics was a ideological one, in spite of some achievements. The main critics is addressed to absence of economical reasons for some of projects. They suggest, that the most important way to change the situation is to point on economical reasons of the Soviet (Russian ) cosmic programs. The authors cite the constructive critics by M.S. Gorbachev, to previous cosmic programs developed in the USSR, as well as his ideas to improve the situation. The use of cosmonautics in view of development of telephony, energetic programs, the populated by humans cosmos (including space stations) are under the review by authors. As a supplement the brochure include the description of the "Granat" Project, as well as a historical overview of the Space Shuttle.

[Correction of autonomic reactions parameters in organism of cosmonaut with adaptive biocontrol method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kornilova, L. N.; Cowings, P. S.; Toscano, W. B.; Arlashchenko, N. I.; Korneev, D. Iu; Ponomarenko, A. V.; Salagovich, S. V.; Sarantseva, A. V.; Kozlovskaia, I. B.

2000-01-01

Presented are results of testing the method of adaptive biocontrol during preflight training of cosmonauts. Within the MIR-25 crew, a high level of controllability of the autonomous reactions was characteristic of Flight Commanders MIR-23 and MIR-25 and flight Engineer MIR-23, while Flight Engineer MIR-25 displayed a weak intricate dependence of these reactions on the depth of relaxation or strain.

Astronauts and cosmonauts in Mir core module

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-07-22

STS071-122-021 (27 June-7 July 1995) --- Three astronauts and a cosmonaut who went into space aboard the space shuttle Atlantis check out the core module living quarters on Russia's Mir Space Station. Sporting a new Houston Rockets T-shirt near frame center is cosmonaut Anatoly Y. Solovyev, Mir-19 mission commander. Astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar, STS-71 mission specialist, floats into the frame at lower left. Beyond Solovyev are astronauts Ellen S. Baker and Gregory J. Harbaugh, mission specialists.

Astronaut Brand and Cosmonaut Ivanchenko in Docking Module trainer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Astronaut Vance D. Brand (foreground) and Cosmonaut Aleksandr S. Ivanchenko are seated in the Docking Module trainer in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) simulation training at JSC. Brand is the command module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew. Ivanchenko is the engineer on the Soviet ASTP fourth crew (back-up). During the exercise the American ASTP crew and the Soviet ASTP crew simulated docking the Apollo and Soyuz in Earth orbit and transferring to each other's spacecraft. This view is looking from inside the Command Module into the Docking Module. The hatchway leading into the Soyuz spacecraft orbital module mock-up is in the background.

jsc2012e094947

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-20

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, the Expedition 32/33 backup crew posed for pictures June 20, 2012 as they participated in the second of two days of Soyuz spacecraft qualification exams. Backup Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (left), backup Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA (center) and backup Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko are understudies to the prime crew, NASA Flight Sunita Williams, Aki Hoshide of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and Yuri Malenchenko, who will launch July 15 to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Credit: NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2012e094089

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-19

(19 June 2012) --- Expedition 32/33 backup crew members Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (left), Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko and Tom Marshburn of NASA (right) answer questions from the media at a Soyuz vehicle mockup before their final qualification test June 19, 2012 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The prime crew, Expedition 32/33 Soyuz Commander Yuri Malenchenko and Flight Engineers Suni Williams of NASA and Aki Hoshide of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency practiced similar scenarios nearby in advance of their final approval for launch to the International Space Station July 15 in their Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA

[Assessment of the risk factors for urolithiasis in cosmonauts during long flights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arzamazov, G. S.; Witson, P. A.; Larina, O. N.; Pastushkova, L. Kh; Pak, C. T.; Whitson, P. A. (Principal Investigator)

1996-01-01

Twelve cosmonauts flown aboard the Mir orbital station for 6-12 months and twelve candidates for cosmonauts were examined in an effort to determine a degree of urolithiasis risk. Prior to flight, on flight day 310 (in one cosmonaut) and after flight, the daily urinary excretion of the components influencing lithiasis formation was determined as well as a computer-aided calculation of urine saturation by lithogenic salts was performed (Ch. Pak, USA). In the in- and postflight periods, the greater number of indices under study were negatively changed in cosmonauts. Excretion dynamics of the lithogenesis inhibitors, i.e., citrates and magnesium, is of polar directionality. Frequency of deviations from the normal indices of urolithic risk in cosmonauts is primarily conditioned by low diuresis, urine supersaturation with calcium oxalate, undissociated uric acid, brushit, hypercalciuria, and changed pH.

[Radiation effect on cosmonauts during extravehicular activities in 2008-2009].

PubMed

Mitrikas, V G

2010-01-01

The geometrical model of suited cosmonaut's phantom was used in mathematical modeling of EVAs performed by cosmonauts with consideration of changes in the ISS Russian segment configuration during 2008-2009 and the dependence of space radiation absorbed dose on EVA scene. Influence of spatial position of cosmonaut on absorbed dose value was evaluated with the EVA dosimeter model reproducing the actually determined weight and dimension. Calculated absorbed dose values are in good agreement with experimental data. Absorbed doses imparted to body organs (skin, lens, hemopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, gonads) were determined for specific EVA events.

Study of values and interpersonal perception in cosmonauts on board of international space station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vinokhodova, A. G.; Gushin, V. I.

2014-01-01

The increased heterogeneity of International Space Station (ISS) crews' composition (in terms of nationality, profession and gender) together with stressful situations, due to space flight, can have a significant impact on group interaction and cohesion, as well as on communications with Mission Control Center (MCC) and the success of the mission as a whole. Culturally related differences in values, goals, and behavioral norms could influence mutual perception and, thus, cohesive group formation. The purpose of onboard "Interaction-Attitudes" experiment is to study the patterns of small group (space crew) behavior in extended space flight. Onboard studies were performed in the course of ISS Missions 19-30 with participation of twelve Russian crewmembers. Experimental schedule included 3 phases: preflight training and Baseline Data Collection; inflight activities once in two weeks; post-flight measurement. We used Personal Self-Perception and Attitudes (PSPA) software for analyzing subjects' attitudes toward social environment (crewmembers and MCC). It is based on the semantic differential and the repertory grid technique. To study the content of interpersonal perception we used content-analysis with participation of the experts, independently attributing each construct to the 17 semantic categories, which were described in our previous study. The data obtained demonstrated that the system of values and personal attitudes in the majority of participated cosmonauts remained mostly stable under stress-factors of extended space flight. Content-analysis of the important criteria elaborated by the subjects for evaluation of their social environment, showed that the most valuable personal traits for cosmonauts were those that provided the successful fulfillment of professional activity (motivation, intellectual level, knowledge, and self-discipline) and good social relationships (sociability, friendship, and tolerance), as well. Post-flight study of changes in perceptions

Expedition 43 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-20

Expedition 43 NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly walks along the Avenue of the Cosmonauts where two long rows of trees are all marked with the name and year of the crew member who planted them starting from Yuri Gagarin's tree, Friday, March 20, 2015 at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Kelly, and Russian Cosmonauts Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) are preparing for launch to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time. As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Cosmonauts Solovyev and Dezhurov exchange information on Mir

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-07-10

STS071-118-007 (27 June - 7 July 1995) --- Onboard the Russia?s Mir Space Station Mir Base Block, cosmonauts Anatoly Y. Solovyev (left) and Vladimir N. Dezhurov, Mir 19 and 18 commanders, respectively, exchange information about their research tasks. The two represent a change of guard aboard Mir, as Dezhurov prepares to come back to Earth with the STS-71 crew aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis. Nikolai M. Budarin and Gennadiy M. Strekalov - cosmonaut/flight engineers making the same exchange -- are out of frame.

jsc2014e045101

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-05-15

1535: With the statue of Vladimir Lenin in the background at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, the Expedition 40/41 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures May 15 prior to their departure for the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for final pre-launch training. From left to right are backup crewmembers Terry Virts of NASA, Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Samantha Cristoforetti of the European Space Agency, and prime crewmembers Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency, Soyuz Commander Max Suraev of Roscosmos and Reid Wiseman of NASA. Wiseman, Suraev and Gerst will launch on May 29, Kazakh time, in the Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft from Baikonur for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Magnetic anomalies in the Cosmonauts Sea, off East Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nogi, Y.; Hanyu, T.; Fujii, M.

2017-12-01

Identification of magnetic anomaly lineations and fracture zone trends in the Southern Indian Ocean, are vital to understanding the breakup of Gondwana. However, the magnetic spreading anomalies and fracture zones are not clear in the Southern Indian Ocean. Magnetic anomaly lineations in the Cosmonauts Sea, off East Antarctica, are key to elucidation of separation between Sri Lanka/India and Antarctica. No obvious magnetic anomaly lineations are observed from a Japanese/German aerogeophysical survey in the Cosmonauts Sea, and this area is considered to be created by seafloor spreading during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. Vector magnetic anomaly measurements have been conducted on board the Icebreaker Shirase mainly to understand the process of Gondwana fragmentation in the Indian Ocean. Magnetic boundary strikes are derived from vector magnetic anomalies obtained in the Cosmonauts Sea. NE-SW trending magnetic boundary strikes are mainly observed along the several NW-SE oriented observation lines with magnetic anomaly amplitudes of about 200 nT. These NE-SW trending magnetic boundary strikes possibly indicate M-series magnetic anomalies that can not be detected from the aerogeophysical survey with nearly N-S observation lines. We will discuss the magnetic spreading anomalies and breakup process between Sri Lanka/India and Antarctica in the Cosmonauts Sea.

Expedition 10 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-08

Expedition 10 Commander and NASA Science Officer Leroy Chiao, right, Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov and Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin, left, toured a museum bearing the name of historic Russian rocket designer Sergei Korolev, Saturday, October 9, 2004, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in advance of their liftoff to the International Space Station October 14. The traditional visit included the signing of their names in commemorative books and a wall at the museum, and touring the cottages nearby where Korolev and Yuri Gagarin slept on the eve of Gagarin's launch April 12, 1961 to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Spaceflight Participant Charles Simonyi and Expedition 19 Flight Engineer Michael R. Barratt, foreground, along with cosmonaut instructors are seen through a quarantine windowed room as they participate in Soyuz rendezvous and docking training at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

jsc2014e042070

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-05-08

0687: At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 40/41 Soyuz Commander Max Suraev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) plays with a toy giraffe at the crew’s pre-launch news conference May 8 while his crewmates, Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (left) and Reid Wiseman of NASA (right) look on. The giraffe, which belongs to Wiseman’s daughter, will fly as a “zero-G” mascot above the heads of the crew in the Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft when they launch May 29, Kazakh time, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2014e042072

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-05-08

0704: At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 40/41 Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman of NASA listens to a reporter’s question May 8 during a pre-launch news conference. Near him is a toy giraffe belonging to his daughter that will fly as a “zero-G” mascot above the heads of the crew in the Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft when Wiseman, Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency and Soyuz Commander Max Suraev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) launch May 29, Kazakh time, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

jsc2017e136057 - On a snowy night at Red Square Moscow, Expedition 54-55 backup crewmembers Sergey Prokopyev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left), Jeanette Epps of NASA (center) and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (right) pay

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-30

jsc2017e136057 - On a snowy night at Red Square Moscow, Expedition 54-55 backup crewmembers Sergey Prokopyev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left), Jeanette Epps of NASA (center) and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (right) pay homage at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. They are backups to Anton Shkaplerov of Roscosmos, Scott Tingle of NASA and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), who will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft Dec. 17 for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

jsc2017e136055 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 backup crewmember Jeanette Epps of NASA lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. Looking on are backup

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-30

jsc2017e136055 - On a snowy night at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 54-55 backup crewmember Jeanette Epps of NASA lays flowers at the Kremlin Wall where Russian space icons are interred in traditional pre-launch ceremonies Nov. 30. Looking on are backup crewmembers Sergey Prokopyev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left) and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency. They are backups to Anton Shkaplerov of Roscosmos, Scott Tingle of NASA and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), who will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft Dec. 17 for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Leisure time activities in space: A survey of astronauts and cosmonauts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelly, Alan D.; Kanas, Nick

Questionnaires were returned from 54 astronauts and cosmonauts which addressed preferences for media and media-generated subjects that could be used to occupy leisure time in space. Ninety-three percent of the respondents had access to records or audio cassettes, and cosmonauts had greater access than astronauts to multiple media. Cosmonauts and long-duration space travelers reported that they missed various media more than their astronaut and short-duration counterparts. Media subjects that related to international events, national events and historical topics were rated as most preferable by all respondents and by several of the respondent groups. The findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for occupying free time during future long-duration manned space missions.

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Expedition 19 Commander Gennady I. Padalka, left, Flight Engineer Michael R. Barratt, right, and Spaceflight Participant Charles Simonyi, 2nd row right, along with cosmonaut instructors are seen through a quarantine windowed room as they participate in Soyuz rendezvous and docking training at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Cosmonaut Aleksey Leonov joins belly dancer on stage at Folklife Festival

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, in one of the lighter moments of activity involving Soviet Cosmonauts and American Astronauts, joins a belly dancer on stage as several visitors to weekend activity at the site of San Antonio's HemisFair look on. Leonov is commander of the Soviet Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) crew. The Lebanese dancing was just one feature among many during the Texas Folklife Festival.

Training of cosmonauts and astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gurovskiy, N. N.; Link, M. M.

1975-01-01

The biomedical and preflight training of spacecraft crews is discussed based on a survey of scientific and technical literature in the U.S. and U.S.S.R. Experience gained from high velocity and high altitude aircraft flights, predictions of human reactions and theoretical models of human adaptation to the new environment of space, and actual spaceflight experience provided scientists and specialists with data from which the state of human health in space could be predicted and life support measures developed.

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Expedition 19 Commander Gennady I. Padalka, 3rd from left, Flight Engineer Michael R. Barratt, 4th from left, and Spaceflight Participant Charles Simonyi, far right, along with cosmonaut instructors are seen through a quarantine windowed room as they participate in Soyuz rendezvous and docking training at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 43 Media Day

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-21

Expedition 43 Russian Cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko, left, and Gennady Padalka of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), center, and NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly answer questions from the press while standing on the Avenue of the Cosmonauts where two long rows of trees are all marked with the name and year of the crew member who planted them starting from Yuri Gagarin's tree, Saturday, March 21, 2015 at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Kelly, Padalka, and Kornienko are preparing for launch to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time (March 27 Eastern time.) As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Program for the medical examination (consultation) of cosmonauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The medical selection process used to screen cosmonaut candidates is outlined. The various stages of selection are discussed, and the specific types of medical examinations are described. Various criteria used for selection are presented.

The dynamics of blood biochemical parameters in cosmonauts during long-term space flights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Markin, Andrei; Strogonova, Lubov; Balashov, Oleg; Polyakov, Valery; Tigner, Timoty

Most of the previously obtained data on cosmonauts' metabolic state concerned certain stages of the postflight period. In this connection, all conclusions, as to metabolism peculiarities during the space flight, were to a large extent probabilistic. The purpose of this work was study of metabolism characteristics in cosmonauts directly during long-term space flights. In the capillary blood samples taken from a finger, by "Reflotron IV" biochemical analyzer, "Boehringer Mannheim" GmbH, Germany, adapted to weightlessness environments, the activity of GOT, GPT, CK, gamma-GT, total and pancreatic amylase, as well as concentration of hemoglobin, glucose, total bilirubin, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total, HDL- and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides had been determined. HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio also was computed. The crewmembers of 6 main missions to the "Mir" orbital station, a total of 17 cosmonauts, were examined. Biochemical tests were carryed out 30-60 days before lounch, and in the flights different stages between the 25-th and the 423-rd days of flights. In cosmonauts during space flight had been found tendency to increase, in compare with basal level, GOT, GPT, total amylase activity, glucose and total cholesterol concentration, and tendency to decrease of CK activity, hemoglobin, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and HDL/LDL — cholesterol ratio. Some definite trends in variations of other determined biochemical parameters had not been found. The same trends of mentioned biochemical parameters alterations observed in majority of tested cosmonauts, allows to suppose existence of connection between noted metabolic alterations with influence of space flight conditions upon cosmonaut's body. Variations of other studied blood biochemical parameters depends on, probably, pure individual causes.

Coping strategies during and after spaceflight: Data from retired cosmonauts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suedfeld, Peter; Brcic, Jelena; Johnson, Phyllis J.; Gushin, Vadim

2015-05-01

Coping is a dynamic physiological and psychological process in response to perceived environmental stress that functions to restore physiological homeostasis and reduce negative affect [1]. Thematic content analysis was employed for references to 13 well-established coping strategies in interviews with 20 retired long-duration male cosmonauts. As in previous research with other space samples [2,3] the retired cosmonauts mentioned Problem-Oriented strategies more frequently than Emotion-Oriented ones. In the present sample, Seeking Social Support, Planful Problem Solving and Endurance/Obedience/Effort were the top three most mentioned coping strategies. Cosmonauts who had spent more than a year in space, compared to those who had spent less than a year, mentioned using Planful Problem Solving more as they recalled their career and retirement. Examining changes over time, spaceflight had a positive effect on Accepting Responsibility. Endurance/Obedience/Effort steadily decreased over time, while we found an inverted-U pattern for Distancing and Self-Control. Additional results in relation to other astronaut samples and the relationship between coping and post-flight growth are discussed.

Mir 21 cosmonauts assemble a truss during EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-01

NM21-382-019 (For Release October 1996) --- Darkened view of cosmonaut Yury I. Onufrienko, Mir 21 commander, wearing a red stripe on his Russian Orlan spacesuit, traversing the the Sofora Truss, with the Strehla transfer aid beside it.

jsc2018e050027

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-19

jsc2018e050027 - At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, the Expedition 56 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures in front of the statue of Vladimir Lenin May 19 before boarding a bus that took them to a nearby airfield for a flight to their launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. From left to right are the backup crewmembers, Anne McClain of NASA, Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos and David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency, and the prime crew, Serena Aunon-Chancellor of NASA, Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency. Aunon-Chancellor, Prokopyev and Gerst will launch June 6 on the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft from Baikonur for a six-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Elizabeth Weissinger.

Translations on USSR Military Affairs, Number 1270 DOSAAF Eighth All-Union Congress Proceedings

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-04-04

mission. Presentation of the reports was followed by a discussion. Speakers at the morning session included D. N. Kuznetsov , Chairman of the Moscow City... Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov. DOSAAF can also be proud of the fact that cosmonauts Yuriy Gagarin, Valentina Nikolayeva-Tereshkova, and others...PATRIOT in Russian 26 Jan 77 p 4 [Speech by D. N. Kuznetsov , Chairman of the Moscow City DOSAAF Committee, at the Eighth Ail-Union DOSAAF Congress

Mir 21 cosmonauts assemble a truss during EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-01

NM21-382-008 (For Release October 1996) --- Cosmonaut Yury I. Onufrienko, Mir 21 commander, wearing a red stripe on his Russian Orlan spacesuit, and Mir 21 flight engineer Yuri V. Usachev (blue stripe on Orlan) work to install the truss on the module.

Expedition 10 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-08

Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov, right, Expedition 10 Commander and NASA Science Officer Leroy Chiao and Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin, left, toured a museum bearing the name of historic Russian rocket designer Sergei Korolev, Saturday, October 9, 2004, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan prior to their liftoff to the International Space Station October 14. The traditional visit included the signing of their names in commemorative books and a wall at the museum, and touring the cottages nearby where Korolev and Yuri Gagarin slept on the eve of Gagarin's launch April 12, 1961 to become the first human in space. The tour guide points out a piece of art made entirely of painted grains of rice depicting Yuri Gargarin and Korolev. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-11

Mir 18 crewmember Gennadiy M. Strekalov, center, practicies an emergency medical procedure to maintain a patient airway during training at JSC. Looking on are Dave E. Ward (right), a JSC medical doctor, and an unidentified interpreter.

Identification of Psychological Stresses for Astronauts and Cosmonauts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marsh, Melinda

As humans continue to explore and expand in the solar system, psychological problems brought about by high stress of living in the space environment will continue to increase. Unfortunately, due to many reasons, including relative difficulties with gaining access to astronauts and cosmonauts and to gather psychological data from them regarding stressors, this area is not very well known and discussed. Five astronauts and cosmonauts from three space agencies: ESA, RSA, and JAXA were unoffi- cially surveyed regarding their experiences with ten general categories of psychological stressors as well as eight subcategories of interpersonal conflict stressors accepted in space related community of psychologists. The two subjects in space for longer periods of time reported more stressors and were likely to rate stressors as having a greater effect on the chance of mission failure. Shorter duration flyers reported nearly all general stressors were likely to increase in the event of a longer duration space flight. With the increased interest in long duration spaceflight, psychological stressors are more likely to affect mission success.

jsc2012e096280

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-22

With her prime crewmates and backup crewmembers looking on, Expedition 32/33 Flight Engineer Sunita Williams of NASA (first row, center) signed a visitors book at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center museum in Star City, Russia June 22, 2012 as part of traditional activities leading to her launch July 15 to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft. Williams will launch along with Aki Hoshide of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (first row, left) and Soyuz Commander Yuri Malenchenko (first row, right). Also participating in the activities were the backup crew on the top row, Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA (top row, left), Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (top row, center) and Roman Romanenko (top row, right). Credit: NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Photos above SM Hatch

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-01-02

View of Yuri Alexievich Gagarin (first space traveler) photo and other photos,above Service Module (SM) hatch. The blue and white rosette on the left with the writing пора в космос is the symbol and name of the Russian television program for children that covers cosmonautic and International Space Station (ISS) topics. Photo was taken during Expedition 34.

CHANGES IN MAIN VEIN CHARACTERISTICS OF COSMONAUT'S LOWER EXTREMITIES IN THE COURSE OF YEAR-LONG SPACE MISSIONS.

PubMed

Kotovskaya, A R; Fomina, G A

Leg venous measurements were performed in two cosmonauts during the 379-d "Mir" mission (K-1 and 340-d ISS mission (K-2). The paper presents individual changes in venous capacity, distention and filling rate in the legs of these two cosmonauts, and 23 cosmonauts on 6-mos. missions as controls. In the first half of the year-long missions, changes in venous characteristics showed similar trends though had different dimensions. For instance, in K-1 increases in capacity and distention were more pronounced than in K-2. In the second half of the missions, the cosmonauts again displayed different changes in venous characteristics. In K-1 they all were unstable with episodes of simultaneous increases in venous capacity, distention and filling rate that were unfavorable for orthostatic stability (OS). Changes in the K-2 leg veins were less dramatic and detrimental to OS. Recovery of the pre-flight status of leg veins following the year-long missions took a longer time as compared with 6-mos. missions; the process was still incomplete by day 8 after landing. We surmise that in future one-year and longer missions the majority of cosmonauts are likely to have favorable changes in leg veins; however, untoward venous developments and consequent OS impairment must not be excluded.

Humoral and cellular immunity in cosmonauts after the ISS missions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rykova, M. P.; Antropova, E. N.; Larina, I. M.; Morukov, B. V.

Spaceflight effects on the immune system were studied in 30 cosmonauts flown onto the International Space Station (ISS) for long- (125-195 d, n=15) and short-term (8-10 d, n=15) missions. Immunological investigations before launch and after landing were performed by using methods for quantitative and functional evaluation of the immunologically competent cells. Specific assays include: peripheral leukocyte distribution, natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic activity, phagocytic activity of monocytes and granulocytes, proliferation of T-cells in response to a mitogen, levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG, virus-specific antibody and cytokine in serum. It was noticed that after long-term spaceflights the percentage of NK (CD3-/CD16+/CD56+) cells was significantly reduced compared with pre-flight data (p<0.05) and NK activity was suppressed by 20-85% as compared with pre-flight data in 12 out of 15 cosmonauts. T-lymphocyte activity was decreased by 25-39% as compared with pre-flight data in 5 out of 13 cosmonauts. However, the relative number of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells did not change. The functional activity of NK and T-cells decreased in some of the cosmonauts after short-term missions. On the other hand, a moderate trend upward of NK cytotoxic activity and proliferative activity of T-cells was observed in some individuals. Concentrations immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and levels of M and G antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpes virus type 6 (HV6) in serum did not reveal significant changes after long- and short-term flights. Concentrations of cytokines (IL- 1β, IL-2, IL-4 and TNF- α) in serum changed in an apparently random manner as compared with values before long- and short-term missions. Despite the fact that many improvements have been made to the living conditions of aboard the ISS our investigations demonstrate the remarkable depression of the immunological function after the ISS missions

Mir Training Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

A full-scale mockup of Russia's Space Station serves as one of the several training aids for cosmonaut flights aboard the orbiting laboratory. The core module - called Mir, for world of space - was launched in February 1986 and now serves as the main livi

STS-71 astronauts and cosmonauts during egress training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Astronaut Robert L. Gibson (arms folded, near center) STS-71 mission commander, joins several crew mates during a briefing preceding emergency egress training in the Systems Integration Facility at JSC. Astronauts Bonnie J. Dunbar and Gregory J. Harbaugh

jsc2018e051938

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-31

jsc2018e051938 - In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 56 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures May 31 with a soccer ball in front of the Soyuz booster rocket three of them will ride into space on June 6. The soccer ball and the booster bear the insignia of the FIFA World Cup soccer matches that will begin in mid-June throughout Russia. From left to right are the backup crewmembers, Anne McClain of NASA, Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos and David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency, and the prime crew, Serena Aunon-Chancellor of NASA, Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency, who will launch June 6 in the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. ..Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Expedition 19 Commander Gennady I. Padalka is seen through a quarantine windowed room as he and other crew memebers participate in Soyuz rendezvous and docking training at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 11 Preflight training

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-06-24

JSC2004-E-26778 (24 June 2004) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia’s Federal Space Agency, participates in medical training at Johnson Space Center (JSC). Space Medicine Instructor Tyler N. Carruth with Wyle Life Sciences assisted Krikalev.

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Expedition 19 Flight Engineer Michael R. Barratt and Spaceflight Participant Charles Simonyi, background, are seen through a quarantine windowed room as they participate in Soyuz rendezvous and docking training at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

ISS Phase One Activities and Manufacturing in Russia, France and Italy

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-10-07

Photographs documenting International Space Station (ISS) Phase One activities at the Russian Space Agency's (RSA) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Korolov Mission Control Center and Zvezda; and ISS and Soyuz manufacturing at RSA's Khrunichev Design Center and RSC Energiya in Moscow, Russia, the French Space Agency's (CNES) INTESPACE facility in Toulouse, France, and the Italian Space Agency's (ASI) Alenia Spazio facility in Torino, Italy. Photographs were taken by Johnson Space Center Imagery and Publications Office contractors travelling from October 7 to November 4, 1996. Includes: VIEWS FROM RSC ENERGIYA'S SPACE MUSEUM: Room with a Buran model and photographic displays (17372-374). Salyut Space Station mock-up (17376). Russian propulsion engines on display (17377-378). Russian spacecraft on display (17375, 17387-398). Graphic displays (17399-405). VIEWS FROM RSC ENERGIYA MANUFACTURING FACILITIES: Unidentified facility (17379). Mir 24 crew member Michael C. Foale, suited in a Soyuz pressure suit, ingresses the Soyuz TM-26 flight article at RSC Energiya for a fit check (17380-381). Closeups of Foale inside the Soyuz during the fit check (17382-383, 17466-467). Overhead views of RSC Energiya's Building 444 manufacturing floor where docking modules and Soyuz TM spacecraft are built (17495-498). Technicians on the Building 444 manufacturing floor assembling probe and drogue docking modules (17499-500, 17504). Technicians assembling Soyuz spacecraft (17437-439). Views of other Soyuz spacecraft (17440-441). Androgynous Peripheral Docking System (APDS) mock-up (17501-503). Closeups of a control panel, possibly for the APDS mock-up (17519-528). VIEWS FROM ZVEZDA, RSA CONTRACTOR FOR SUIT DESIGN AND SOYUZ SEAT LINERS: Mir 24 crew member Foale dons a "penguin" flight suit for a fit check (17454-456). Zvezda personnel adjust Foale's Soyuz seat and seat liner (17442). Closeup of Foale, suited in a Soyuz pressure suit, sitting on a chair (17444). Zvezda personnel strap

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Expedition 19 Commander Gennady I. Padalka, left, and Flight Engineer Michael R. Barratt listen to their mp3 players as a medical doctor looks on during the tilt table training at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan.(Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Cosmonaut Vladimir Titov participates in bail-out training for STS-60

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Cosmanaut Vladimir Titov, an alternate mission specialist for STS-60, simulates a parachute glide into water during a bailout training exercise at JSC. This phase of emergency egress training took place in JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF).

Cosmonaut Vladimir Titov participates in bail-out training for STS-60

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-07-16

Cosmanaut Vladimir Titov, an alternate mission specialist for STS-60, simulates a parachute glide into water during a bailout training exercise at JSC. This phase of emergency egress training took place in JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF).

jsc2017e136939 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, the Expedition 54-55 backup crewmembers take a stroll down the Walk of Cosmonauts Dec. 6 to lay flowers in traditional pre-launch ceremonies. From left to right are Jeanette Epp

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-06

jsc2017e136939 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, the Expedition 54-55 backup crewmembers take a stroll down the Walk of Cosmonauts Dec. 6 to lay flowers in traditional pre-launch ceremonies. From left to right are Jeanette Epp

Simulation of the «COSMONAUT-ROBOT» System Interaction on the Lunar Surface Based on Methods of Machine Vision and Computer Graphics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kryuchkov, B. I.; Usov, V. M.; Chertopolokhov, V. A.; Ronzhin, A. L.; Karpov, A. A.

2017-05-01

Extravehicular activity (EVA) on the lunar surface, necessary for the future exploration of the Moon, involves extensive use of robots. One of the factors of safe EVA is a proper interaction between cosmonauts and robots in extreme environments. This requires a simple and natural man-machine interface, e.g. multimodal contactless interface based on recognition of gestures and cosmonaut's poses. When travelling in the "Follow Me" mode (master/slave), a robot uses onboard tools for tracking cosmonaut's position and movements, and on the basis of these data builds its itinerary. The interaction in the system "cosmonaut-robot" on the lunar surface is significantly different from that on the Earth surface. For example, a man, dressed in a space suit, has limited fine motor skills. In addition, EVA is quite tiring for the cosmonauts, and a tired human being less accurately performs movements and often makes mistakes. All this leads to new requirements for the convenient use of the man-machine interface designed for EVA. To improve the reliability and stability of human-robot communication it is necessary to provide options for duplicating commands at the task stages and gesture recognition. New tools and techniques for space missions must be examined at the first stage of works in laboratory conditions, and then in field tests (proof tests at the site of application). The article analyzes the methods of detection and tracking of movements and gesture recognition of the cosmonaut during EVA, which can be used for the design of human-machine interface. A scenario for testing these methods by constructing a virtual environment simulating EVA on the lunar surface is proposed. Simulation involves environment visualization and modeling of the use of the "vision" of the robot to track a moving cosmonaut dressed in a spacesuit.

ASTP crewmen have a meal during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The American ASTP prime crewmen have a meal with the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crewmen during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. The four are inside the Soyuz Orbital Module mock-up in bldg 35. They are, left to right, Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot of the American crew; Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet crew; Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; and Cosmonaut Valeriy M. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in Earth orbit. During the actual mission the other American crewman, Astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot, would be in the Command Module.

[The algorithm for planning cosmonauts' timeline in flight (by the results of long-duration Mir mission)].

PubMed

Nechaev, A P

2001-01-01

Results of the investigation of the interrelation between cosmonauts' erroneous actions and work and rest schedule intensity in fourteen long-duration Mir missions are presented in the paper. The statistical significance of this dependence has been established, and its nonlinear character has been revealed. An algorithm of short-range planning of crew operations has been developed based on determination of critical crew work loads deduced from increases in erroneous actions. Together with other methods the suggested approach may be used to raise cosmonauts' performance reliability.

Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev uses SAREX gear to talk to school children

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

On the Space Shuttle Discovery's aft flight deck, Russian Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev prepares for one chore while performing another. Using the Shuttle amateur raio experiment (SAREX) gear, the mission specialist was talking with students in Maine. He holds a camcorder, which was later called into action to record inflight activities.

[Development of special food products for cosmonaut's nutrition during extravehicular activities].

PubMed

Agureev, A N; Kalandarov, S; Vasil'eva, V F; Gurova, L A

2003-01-01

On the analysis of the factual energy expenditure by cosmonauts during extravehicular activities two choices of special rations (SR) were developed. Hygienic testing showed that all nutritional components in these SRs were present in optimal quantities. Consumption of the SR foods during any basic meal will not misbalance the latter but satisfy the body demand of the main indispensable nutritional factors.

Some changes of the heart bioelectric activity at the cosmonauts under the influence of LBNP in the long duration flights.

PubMed

Shelepnevich, S O; Alferova, I V; Golybchicova, Z A

2004-07-01

There was selected the group of the cosmonauts, who carry out long duration flights on the orbital complex "Mir", in which the tolerance of LBNP test was evaluated as poor (by hemodynamic indices--heart rate, arterial pressure, rheoencephalographic indices). The in-depth analysis of the electrocardiogram (in DS leads) indices was carry oiled on possible disturbances of conductivity and dynamics of temporary or amplitude characteristics. Furthermore is carry oiled the comparative estimation of these indices with the results of ECG analysis at the cosmonauts, who tolerance test good. Studies showed that the most informative ECG indices are the R, T-amplitudes and QT-interval. Under the influence of LBNP, especially during rarefactions on 45 and 50 mm Hg was noted reduction in the R, T-amplitude and the relative extension of QT-interval. The directivity of changes in these indices are identical for the cosmonauts with good and poor tolerance of the test; however in flight manifestation of the changes is more significant for the cosmonauts with poor tolerance of LBNP test. Thus, in the formation of orthostatic stability together with the hemodynamic influences take part the bioelectric processes, which are formed in the myocardium.

[Evolution of methodical approaches to solve problem of evaluating and predicting the thermal status of cosmonauts in the real flight].

PubMed

Kuznets, E I; Bobrov, A F; Bekreneva, L N; Mikhailova, L I; Utekhin, B A; Pruzhinina, T I; Iakovleva, E V; Chadov, V I

1996-01-01

The problem of evaluating and predicting the thermal status of a cosmonaut in the long-term space mission is a pressing one and remains to be solved. The previous studies indicated that the best plan to be followed is to evaluate the thermal status of a cosmonaut during his egress into outer space with the use of the procedure of parotid thermometry of the mean body temperature.

Photographic coverage of EXP 7 during NBL training

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-28

JSC2002-01972 (28 October 2002) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, backup Expedition Seven mission commander, floats in a small life raft during an emergency bailout training session in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Krikalev represents Rosaviakosmos.

Expedition 8 Crew Interviews: Alexander Y. Kaleri - FE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

Russian cosmonaut Alexander Y. Kaleri, Flight Engineer on Expedition 8 to the International Space Station (ISS), answers interview questions on this video, either himself or with the help of an interpreter. The questions cover: 1) The goal of the expedition; 2) The place in history of Mir; 3) The reaction to the loss of Columbia in Houston; 4) Why the rewards of spaceflight are worth the risks; 5) Why he decided to become a cosmonaut; 6) His memory of Yuri Gagarin's first flight; 7) What happens on a Soyuz capsule during launch and flight; 8) Are Soyuz maneuvers automatic or manual; 8) How the ISS science mission will be advanced during his stay; 9) The responsibilities of a Flight Engineer onboard the ISS; 10) Extravehicular activity (EVA) plans at that time; 11) The Shuttle Return to Flight and his preference for a Shuttle or Soyuz landing; 12) Why the last Soyuz landing was too rough; 13) The most valueable contribution of the ISS program.

STS-105 and Expedition Three crews get slidewire training at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- During emergency egress training on Launch Pad 39A, Expedition Three cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov, STS-105 Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester, and cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin watch while other crew members descend in a slidewire basket. Both crews are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

Creation of Integrated System of Cosmonauts Sanitary-Hygienic Supply: Researches, Problems and Prospects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shumilina, I.; Krivobok, S.; Shumilina, G.

The necessity of Integrated System creation for cosmonauts Sanitary - Hygienic Supply has appeared at realization of joint flights on the International Space Station (ISS). Russian hygiene means manufactured and tested in the long space flights conditions and personal hygiene means of foreign manufacture, which were developed without chamber experiments conditions, are mean to use for Integrated System. The realization of Sanitary - Hygienic Water (SHW) regeneration is supposed for water circulation. The researches directed on equipment creation for clothing washing and clothing drying were carried out for the purposes of goods turnover optimization on ISS The variants of possible realization of water procedures (shower-bath, face washing) are studied. New and essentially date are received for an estimation of efficiency of various ways of cosmonauts Sanitary - Hygienic Supply, including results of tests for new generation regeneration SHW systems with Nanofiltration unit on various kinds real SHW. The improvement of washing-up liquids, individual selection of a complex of personal hygiene means with the man skin condition registration allows to raise of preventive measures use efficiency directed on prevention of adverse skin changes and skin diseases. The analysis of the equipment and methods for clothing washing and clothing drying for conditions of long space flight are carried out. The experimental data on textile materials drying are received. The investigations covered a wide range of issues associated with Sanitary - Hygienic Supply Integrated System including Personal Hygiene complex (items and techniques), ways of Sanitary - Hygienic Supply realization, methods of wastewater regeneration. The results of researches are especially urgent for cosmonauts Sanitary - Hygienic Supply System creation for long space flights, in particular, "Mars" flights at impossibility of updating of water stock, clothing stock etc.

Effect of the treadmill training factors on the locomotor ability after space flight

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lysova, Nataliya; Fomina, Elena

Training on the treadmill constitutes the central component of the Russian system of countermeasures against the negative effects of microgravity. Effectiveness of the treadmill training is influenced by three main factors. Namely, these are intensity (velocity and regularity), axial loading with the use of elastic bungee cords and percentage of time for training on the non-motorized treadmill within the overall training program. Previously we have demonstrated the significance of each factor separately: intensity (Kozlovskaya I.B. et al., 2011), passive mode (Fomina E.V. et al., 2012) and axial loading (Fomina E.V. et al., 2013). The Russian system of in-flight countermeasures gives preference to interval training sessions in which walking alternates with short episodes of intensive running. Locomotion on the non-motorized treadmill should make approx. 30% of the total time of locomotor training. The ISS RS treadmill can be utilized with the motor in motion (active mode) or out of motion so that the cosmonaut has to push the belt with his feet (passive mode). Axial loading of the cosmonaut must be 60-70% of his body weight. However, there is a huge variety of strategies cosmonauts choose of when they exercise on the treadmill in the course of long-duration ISS missions. Purpose of the investigation was comparative analysis of different locomotion training regimens from the standpoint of their effectiveness in microgravity. Criteria of effectiveness evaluation were the results of the locomotion test that includes walking along the fixed support at the preset rate of 90 steps/min. Peak amplitude on the m. soleus electromyogram was analyzed. The experiment was performed with participation of 18 Russian members of extended ISS missions. Each locomotion training factors was rated using the score scale from 0 to 10: Intensity (0 to 10), Percentage of passive mode training (recommended 30% was taken as 10 and could go down to 0 if the passive mode was not applied) and

Emergency Egress Drill On-Board Training (OBT)

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-17

ISS043E019025 (03/18/2015) --- Safety training never ends onboard the International Space Station. This photo in the U.S. Laboratory on Mar. 18, 2015 was taken during Emergency Egress Drill On-Board Training (OBT) with the Expedition 43 crew. Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko (rear) and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti (middle), both flight engineers, are shown with astronaut Terry Virts, Commander (front) during the important emergency drill.

The natural cytotoxicity in cosmonauts on board space stations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meshkov, D.; Rykova, M.

The nature of the changes of resistance to infection seems to be very important. Our studies indicate that different functions of natural killers could be depressed after the spaceflight. The decrease of the percentage of the lymphocytes that can bind target cells lead to the lowering of the "active" NK level and this can be resulted in the depression of total NK activity and lowering of resistance to viral and tumor antigens. The investigation of natural killer cells in cosmonauts before and after short and long-term spaceflights also revealed the important role of spaceflight duration, stress and individual immune reactivity.

STS-91 Commander Precourt talks to Cosmonauts Kondakova and Ryumin at SLF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

STS-91 Mission Commander Charles Precourt (left) talks to Elena V. Kondakova and her husband, Valery Ryumin, a cosmonaut with the Russian Space Agency (RSA) and STS-91 mission specialist, at Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF). The STS-91 crew had just arrived at the SLF aboard T-38 jets in preparation for launch. Kondakova, also a cosmonaut with the RSA, flew with Commander Precourt as a mission specialist on STS-84 which launched on May 15, 1997. STS-91 is scheduled to be launched on June 2 on Space Shuttle Discovery with a launch window opening around 6:10 p.m. EDT. The mission will feature the ninth Shuttle docking with the Russian Space Station Mir, the first Mir docking for Discovery, the conclusion of Phase I of the joint U.S.- Russian International Space Station Program, and the first flight of the new Space Shuttle super lightweight external tank. The STS-91 flight crew also includes Pilot Dominic Gorie and Mission Specialists Wendy B. Lawrence; Franklin Chang-Diaz, Ph.D.; and Janet Kavandi, Ph.D. Andrew Thomas, Ph.D., will be returning to Earth with the crew after living more than four months aboard Mir.

Main Sources and Doses of Space Radiation during Mars Missions and Total Radiation Risk for Cosmonauts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitrikas, Victor; Aleksandr, Shafirkin; Shurshakov, Vyacheslav

This work contains calculation data of generalized doses and dose equivalents in critical organs and tissues of cosmonauts produces by galactic cosmic rays (GCR), solar cosmic rays (SCR) and the Earth’s radiation belts (ERB) that will impact crewmembers during a flight to Mars, while staying in the landing module and on the Martian surface, and during the return to Earth. Also calculated total radiation risk values during whole life of cosmonauts after the flight are presented. Radiation risk (RR) calculations are performed on the basis of a radiobiological model of radiation damage to living organisms, while taking into account reparation processes acting during continuous long-term exposure at various dose rates and under acute recurrent radiation impact. The calculations of RR are performed for crewmembers of various ages implementing a flight to Mars over 2 - 3 years in maximum and minimum of the solar cycle. The total carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic RR and possible life-span shortening are estimated on the basis of a model of the radiation death probability for mammals. This model takes into account the decrease in compensatory reserve of an organism as well as the increase in mortality rate and descent of the subsequent lifetime of the cosmonaut. The analyzed dose distributions in the shielding and body areas are applied to making model calculations of tissue equivalent spherical and anthropomorphic phantoms.

Expedition 15 Crew Members training in the Virtual Reality (VR) Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-09-25

JSC2006-E-41640 (25 Sept. 2006) --- Cosmonaut Fyodor N. Yurchikhin, Expedition 15 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, participates in a camera review training session in the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at Johnson Space Center.

jsc2011e027662

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-22

At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 27 Flight Engineer Ron Garan of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Alexander Samokutyaev (center) and Flight Engineer Andrey Borisenko pose for pictures outside their Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft during a check of its systems March 22, 2011. The Soyuz, which has been dubbed “Gagarin” and which bears the likeness of cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space, is scheduled for launch on April 5 (April 4, U.S. time), just one week shy of the 50th anniversary of Gagarin’s historic journey into space from the same launch pad that the Expedition 27 crew will begin their mission rom. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

Expedition Five Crewmembers during Water Survival Training at SCTF

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-12

JSC2001-01922 (12 July 2001) --- Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, Expedition Five mission commander, assisted by Johnson Engineering diver Gabriel Meyer, simulates a parachute drop into water during an emergency bailout training session in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Korzun represents Rosaviakosmos.

Cosmonaut Dezhurov Talks With Flight Controllers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

Aboard the International Space Station (ISS), Cosmonaut and Expedition Three flight engineer Vladimir N. Dezhurov, representing Rosaviakosmos, talks with flight controllers from the Zvezda Service Module. Russian-built Zvezda is linked to the Functional Cargo Block (FGB), or Zarya, the first component of the ISS. Zarya was launched on a Russian Proton rocket prior to the launch of Unity. The third component of the ISS, Zvezda (Russian word for star), the primary Russian contribution to the ISS, was launched by a three-stage Proton rocket on July 12, 2000. Zvezda serves as the cornerstone for early human habitation of the Station, providing living quarters, a life support system, electrical power distribution, a data processing system, flight control system, and propulsion system. It also provides a communications system that includes remote command capabilities from ground flight controllers. The 42,000-pound module measures 43 feet in length and has a wing span of 98 feet. Similar in layout to the core module of Russia's Mir space station, it contains 3 pressurized compartments and 13 windows that allow ultimate viewing of Earth and space.

Activity of the sympathoadrenal system in cosmonauts during 25-day space flight on station Mir

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kvetňanský, R.; Noskov, V. B.; Blazicek, P.; Gharib, C.; Popova, I. A.; Gauquelin, G.; Macho, L.; Guell, A.; Grigoriev, A. I.

The activity of the sympathoadrenal system in cosmonauts was studied by measuring plasma and urinary catecholamines and their metabolites and conjugates. The appliance Plasma 02 was used for collecting, processing, and storing blood and urine samples from the cosmonauts during the course of a 25-day flight on board the station Mir. Plasma and urine concentrations of adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), and dopamine (DA) as well as urinary levels of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and plasma levels of catecholamine sulphates were determined before, during and after the space flight. Plasma NA levels were slightly elevated on day 9 and plasma A on day 20, whereas plasma DA levels were unchanged. However, most of the changes were within the normal range of control values. Sulphates of plasma catecholamines did not change during flight but they were significantly elevated after landing. Urinary levels of A, NA, DA, VMA, and HVA were comparable with preflight values but were elevated at the different intervals studied after landing. The results obtained suggest that in the short period of about 9 days of the cosmonaut's stay in space the sympathoadrenal system was slightly activated indicating a mild stressful influence of the initial period of flight. This short-term space flight compared to long-term flight did not as markedly activate the sympathoadrenal system during the process of re-adaptation to Earth's gravity after landing. Our data suggest that weightlessness is not a stressful factor activating the sympathoadrenal system but it sensitizes the responsiveness of this system during the re-adaptation period after space flight.

Expedition 15 Crew Members training in the Virtual Reality (VR) Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-09-25

JSC2006-E-41641 (25 Sept. 2006) --- Cosmonaut Oleg V. Kotov, Expedition 15 flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, participates in a camera review training session in the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at Johnson Space Center.

STS-111 Training in VR lab with Expedition IV and V Crewmembers

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-10-18

JSC2001-E-39090 (18 October 2001) --- Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, Expedition Five mission commander representing Rosaviakosmos, uses the virtual reality lab at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to train for his duties on the International Space Station (ISS). This type of computer interface paired with virtual reality training hardware and software helps the entire team for dealing with ISS elements.

[Analysis of the importance of cosmonaut's location and orientation onboard the International space station to levels of visceral irradiation during traverse of the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly].

PubMed

Drobyshev, S G; Benghin, V V

2015-01-01

Parametric analysis of absorbed radiation dose to the cosmonaut working in the Service module (SM) of the International space station (ISS) was made with allowance for anisotropy of the radiation field of the South Atlantic Anomaly. Calculation data show that in weakly shielded SM compartments the radiation dose to poorly shielded viscera may depend essentially on cosmonaut's location and orientation relative to the ISS shell. Difference of the lens absorbed dose can be as high as 5 times depending on orientation of the cosmonaut and the ISS. The effect is less pronounced on the deep seated hematopoietic system; however, it may increase up to 2.5 times during the extravehicular activities. When the cosmonaut is outside on the ISS SM side presented eastward, the absorbed dose can be affected noticeably by remoteness from the SM. At a distance less than 1.5 meters away from the SM east side in the course of ascending circuits, the calculated lens dose is approximately half as compared with the situation when the cosmonaut is not shielded by the ISS material.

View of Commemorative plaque left on moon at Hadley-Apennine landing site

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-08-01

AS15-88-11894 (31 July-2 Aug. 1971) --- A close-up view of a commemorative plaque left on the moon at the Hadley-Apennine landing site in memory of 14 NASA astronauts and USSR cosmonauts, now deceased. Their names are inscribed in alphabetical order on the plaque. The plaque was stuck in the lunar soil by astronauts David R. Scott, commander, and James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot, during their Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA). The names on the plaque are Charles A. Bassett II, Pavel I. Belyayev, Roger B. Chaffee, Georgi Dobrovolsky, Theodore C. Freeman, Yuri A. Gagarin, Edward G. Givens Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, Vladimir Komarov, Viktor Patsayev, Elliot M. See Jr., Vladislav Volkov, Edward H. White II, and Clifton C. Williams Jr. The tiny, man-like object represents the figure of a fallen astronaut/cosmonaut. While astronauts Scott and Irwin descended in the Lunar Module (LM) "Falcon" to explore the Hadley-Apennine area of the moon, astronaut Alfred M. Worden, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) in lunar orbit.

Expedition Three crew during Emergency Egress Training in bldg 9, CCTII

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-20

JSC2001-01130 (20 April 2001) --- Cosmonauts Vladimir N. Dezhurov (left) and Mikhail Tyurin, Expedition Three flight engineers; and astronaut Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., Expedition Three commander, are photographed during mission training in the Johnson Space Center’s Systems Integration Facility. Dezhurov and Tyurin represent Rosaviakosmos.

The visual stress model—A psycho-physiological method for the evaluation of operational reliability of pilots and cosmonauts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kammel, H.; Haase, H.

An experimental psycho-physiological method is presented for the evaluation of visual-cognitive performance preconditions and operational reliability of pilots and cosmonauts. As visual-cognitive stress are used tachistoscopically presented instrument symbols under conditions of individual speed of work and time pressure. The results of the compared extreme groups consisting of pilots with good and insufficient flight performance showed that the pilots with impairments to the quality of flight activity differ already before the test in their individual habitual characteristics and actual motivation, during the stress in their operational parameters, in the dimensions of their cardiorespiratory activation as well as in their efficiency and after the stress in their subjective experience of the stress. Conclusions are drawn for the evaluation of the aptitude of pilots and cosmonauts.

Cosmonaut Krikalev takes photos in U.S. Laboratory /Destiny module

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-02-11

STS98-E-5138 (11 February 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer, takes still photographs onboard the newly opened Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS). After astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, Expedition One commander, opened the Destiny hatch, he and astronaut Kenneth D. Cockrell (out of frame) ventured inside at 8:38 a.m. (CST), February 11, 2001. As depicted in subsequent digital images in this series, members of both crews went to work quickly inside the new module, activating air systems, fire extinguishers, alarm systems, computers and internal communications. The crew also took some photos and continued equipment transfers from the shuttle to the station.

[Prediction of cardiac function deviations (ECG data) in the course of permanent cosmonaut's monitoring starting from selection till return to earth after short-duration space flight].

PubMed

Kotovskaia, A R; Koloteva, M I; Luk'ianiuk, V Iu; Stepanova, G P; Filatova, L M; Buĭlov, S P; Zhernavkov, A F; Kondratiuk, L L

2007-01-01

Analyzed were deviations in cardiac function in 29 cosmonauts with previous aviation and other occupations ranging of 29 to 61 y.o. who made 8- to 30-day space flights (totai number of flights = 34) between 1982 and 2006. The deviations were identified in ECG records collected during clinical selection, clinical physiological examination (CPE) before flight, insertion and deorbit in transport vehicles, and post-flight CPE. Based on the analysis, the cosmonauts were distributed into three groups. The first group (55.2% of the cosmonauts) did not exhibit noticeable shifts and unfavorable trends in ECG at any time of the period of observation. The second group (34.5%) showed some deviations during selection and pre-flight CPE that became more apparent in the period of deorbit and were still present in post-flight ECG records. The third group (10.3%) displayed health-threatening deviations in cardiac function during deorbit. These findings give start to important investigations with the purpose to define permissible medical risks and ensuing establishment and perfection of medical criteria for candidates to cosmonauts with certain health problems.

Investigation of the vascular reaction of the nasal mucosa in cosmonauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yakovleva, I. Y.; Baranova, V. P.

1982-01-01

Rhinopneumometric examinations in 3 positions of the body were undertaken in 36 cosmonauts aged 25 to 45 years, 14 of whom participated in space flights of various lengths. The nasal vascular response standards were defined in persons of the group examined. A subjective characteristic of the nasal vascular, reactions arising during the flight is provided. Examinations of 14 people were performed before and after the space flight. The rise of intranasal resistance in the horizontal body position permits forecasting different degrees of nasal breathing disturbances during a period of acute adaptation to weightlessness owing to vasomotor alterations of the nasal mucous membrane.

ASTP crewmen in Soyuz orbital module mock-up during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

An interior view of the Soyuz orbital module mock-up in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. The ASTP crewmen are Astronaut Vance D. Brand (on left), command module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew; and Cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in Earth orbit.

STS-111 Training in VR lab with Expedition IV and V Crewmembers

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-10-18

JSC2001-E-39082 (18 October 2001) --- Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun (left), Expedition Five mission commander, and astronaut Carl E. Walz, Expedition Four flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to train for their duties on the International Space Station (ISS). This type of computer interface paired with virtual reality training hardware and software helps the entire team for dealing with ISS elements. Korzun represents Rosaviakosmos.

ASTP crewmen in Docking Module trainer during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

An interior view of the Docking Module trainer in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. Astronaut Donald K. Slayton (right) is the docking module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew. The other man is Cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in space. The Docking module is designed to link the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft.

ASTP crewmen in Docking Module trainer during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

An interior view of the Docking Module trainer in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American ASTP prime crew, is on the right. The other crewman is Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP prime crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in Earth orbit. The Docking Module is designed to link the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft.

Tracking Historical NASA EVA Training: Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) Development of the EVA Suit Exposure Tracker (EVA SET)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laughlin, Mitzi S.; Murray, Jocelyn D.; Lee, Lesley R.; Wear, Mary L.; Van Baalen, Mary

2017-01-01

During a spacewalk, designated as extravehicular activity (EVA), an astronaut ventures from the protective environment of the spacecraft into the vacuum of space. EVAs are among the most challenging tasks during a mission, as they are complex and place the astronaut in a highly stressful environment dependent on the spacesuit for survival. Due to the complexity of EVA, NASA has conducted various training programs on Earth to mimic the environment of space and to practice maneuvers in a more controlled and forgiving environment. However, rewards offset the risks of EVA, as some of the greatest accomplishments in the space program were accomplished during EVA, such as the Apollo moonwalks and the Hubble Space Telescope repair missions. Water has become the environment of choice for EVA training on Earth, using neutral buoyancy as a substitute for microgravity. During EVA training, an astronaut wears a modified version of the spacesuit adapted for working in water. This high fidelity suit allows the astronaut to move in the water while performing tasks on full-sized mockups of space vehicles, telescopes, and satellites. During the early Gemini missions, several EVA objectives were much more difficult than planned and required additional time. Later missions demonstrated that "complex (EVA) tasks were feasible when restraints maintained body position and underwater simulation training ensured a high success probability".1,2 EVA training has evolved from controlling body positioning to perform basic tasks to complex maintenance of the Hubble Space Telescope and construction of the International Space Station (ISS). Today, preparation is centered at special facilities built specifically for EVA training, such as the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) at NASA's Johnson Space Center ([JSC], Houston) and the Hydrolab at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre ([GCTC], Star City, outside Moscow). Underwater training for an EVA is also considered hazardous duty for NASA

STS-111 Training in VR lab with Expedition IV and V Crewmembers

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-10-18

JSC2001-E-39085 (18 October 2001) --- Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun (left), Expedition Five mission commander, astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, Expedition Five flight engineer, and astronaut Carl E. Walz, Expedition Four flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to train for their duties on the International Space Station (ISS). This type of computer interface paired with virtual reality training hardware and software helps the entire team for dealing with ISS elements. Korzun represents Rosaviakosmos.

Kotov and Williams with SSRMS arm training session in Node 1 / Unity module

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-04-18

ISS014-E-19587 (17 April 2007) --- Cosmonaut Oleg V. Kotov (foreground), Expedition 15 flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, and astronaut Sunita L. Williams, flight engineer, participate in a Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) training session using the Robotic Onboard Trainer (ROBOT) simulator in the Unity node of the International Space Station.

Cosmonaut Krikalev with IMAX camera prior to hatch opening

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-02-11

STS98-E-5124 (11 February 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer representing the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, films activity in the Unity node, just outside the newly attached Destiny laboratory. The crews of Atlantis and the International Space Station on February 11 opened the Destiny laboratory and spent the first full day of what are planned to be years of work ahead inside the orbiting science and command center. Astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd (just out of frame here) opened the Destiny hatch, and he and Shuttle commander Kenneth D. Cockrell ventured inside at 8:38 a.m. (CST). Members of both crews went to work quickly inside the new module, activating air systems, fire extinguishers, alarm systems, computers and internal communications. The crew also continued equipment transfers from the shuttle to the station and filmed several scenes onboard the station using the IMAX camera. This scene was recorded with a digital still camera.

Compiling a Comprehensive EVA Training Dataset for NASA Astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laughlin, M. S.; Murray, J. D.; Lee, L. R.; Wear, M. L.; Van Baalen, M.

2016-01-01

opened in March 1997 and is the current site for US EVA training. Other space agencies also have used water to simulate weightlessness and train for EVAs. Russia has a training facility similar to the NBL named the Hydro Lab. The Hydro Lab began operations at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in 1980 and has been used extensively to the present. Although a majority of training in the Hydro Lab uses the Russian Orlan suit, a small number of sessions have been conducted using a NASA suit. The Japanese Weightlessness Environment Test System (WETS) went into service at the Tsukuba Space Center in 1997 but was closed in 2011 due to extensive earthquake damage. Several sessions were performed using a NASA suit, but these sessions were short and considered "development" runs. LSAH has assembled records from the WETF, NBL and Hydro Lab. Recording of the EVA training data has changed considerably from 1967 to present. The goal of early record keeping was to track use of hardware components, and the person involved was treated as a suited operator, not as a focus of interest. Records from the past two decades are fairly precise with the person, date, suit type and size noted. On occasion the length of the session was listed, but this data is not included on all records. Records were merged from data sources and extensive cleaning of the records was required since the multiple sources frequently overlapped and duplicated records. To date the LSAH EVA training dataset includes over 12,500 EVA training sessions performed by NASA astronauts since 1981. The following variables are included for most records: Name, Sex, Event date, Event name, HUT type, HUT size, Facility, and Estimated run time. For a smaller subset of records, the following variables are available: Actual run time, Time inverted, and the suit components Waist bearing type, Shoulder harness, Shoulder pads, and Teflon inserts. The LSAH dataset is currently the most complete resource for data regarding EVA

ASTP crewmen have a meal during training session at JSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Three ASTP crewmen have a meal in the Apollo Command Module trainer in bldg 35 during Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) joint crew training at JSC. They are, left to right, Cosmonaut Aleksay A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew; Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew; and Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American ASTP prime crew.

Changes in cosmonauts' innate immunity after the long-term space flights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ponomarev, Sergey; Rykova, Marina; Boris, Morukov; Berendeeva, Tatiana; Antropova, Evgeniya

It’s well known that the immune system is exposed to adverse influence during the space flight. For the purpose of finding out the character of similar changes in innate immunity using the flow cytometry research was spent an estimation of some key parameters characterizing a condition of natural resistance system of 8 cosmonauts before and after the long-term space flights, such as expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, TLR6), adhesion molecules (CD54, CD24, CD11b, CD18), an Fc-receptor (CD16), a scavenger-receptor (CD36), a mannose receptor (CD206. Furthermore using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the level of the main TLR4 and TLR6 ligand - heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) was explored. Also we defined the level of cytokine production after the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) monocyte activation in vitro. The study was conducted for 60 days before the flight, as well as at 1 and 7 days after the completion of the space missions. We found no reliable changes in the content of monocytes expressing on their surface in CD54, CD24, CD11b, CD18, CD1 and CD206. But the level of TLR2+, TLR4+, TLR6+ monocytes in all 8 cosmonauts was significantly increased on the 1 day after landing compared with the baseline values. At the same time we saw the significant increase of HSP70 in the cosmonauts’ serum on the 1 day after landing compared also with the baseline values. In spite of the increased TLR4+ monocyte level on the 1 day after landing, the LPS-induced cytokine production in the same period in cell cultures in vitro was lower than before flights. Moreover, this negative trend persisted at 7 day after the completion of long-term space missions. Such a dynamics can reflect an exhaustion of innate immunity reserve possibilities which in turn may lead to increase the infection and autoimmune diseases.

Determination of oxygen tension in the subcutaneous tissue of cosmonauts during the Salyut-6 mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baranski, S.; Bloszczynski, R.; Hermaszewski, M.; Kubiczkowa, J.; Piorko, A.; Saganiak, R.; Sarol, Z.; Skibniewsky, F.; Stendera, J.; Walichnowski, W.

1982-01-01

A polarographic technique was used to measure the oxygen tension in subcutaneous tissue of the forearm of a cosmonaut prior to, after, and on the fourth day of a space mission performed by Salut-6. A drop in the oxygen exchange rate in the peripheral tissues during weightlessness was observed. The mechanisms of this change are studied, taking into consideration the blood distribution in the organism and microcirculation disorders reflected by a decreased blood flow rate in arterial-venous junctions.

[Comparative efficacy of different regimens of locomotor training in long-term space flights by the data of biomechanical and electromyographic parametrs of walking].

PubMed

Shpakov, A V; Voronov, A V; Fomina, E V; Lysova, N Iu; Chernova, M V; Kozlovskaia, I B

2013-01-01

Biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of locomotion were investigated before and after space flight on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day after landing in 18 cosmonauts--crewmembers of long-term ISS space flights. It was shown that microgravity causes the development of significant changes in biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of walking. Decrease of the angular displacement amplitude in leg joints, reduction of the length of the double step, increase of the electromyographic cost of locomotion were recorded after flight. It was also shown that interval locomotor physical training in long-term space flights in the regimen of alternation running and walking prevents physiological cost of locomotor movements increase after space flight and provides more effective maintenance of the neuromuscular system functions after flight. After flight smaller changes of biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of walking were observed in cosmonauts who used locomotor training in interval regimen.

At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Kopra of NASA took a turn on a tilt table to test his vestibular system Dec. 9 as part of his pre-launch training. Kopra, Tim Peake of the European Space Agency and Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-12-09

At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Kopra of NASA took a turn on a tilt table to test his vestibular system Dec. 9 as part of his pre-launch training. Kopra, Tim Peake of the European Space Agency and Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

Cosmonaut Gidzenko Near Hatch Between Unity and Destiny

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

Cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, Expedition One Soyuz commander, stands near the hatch leading from the Unity node into the newly-attached Destiny laboratory aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The Node 1, or Unity, serves as a cornecting passageway to Space Station modules. The U.S.-built Unity module was launched aboard the Orbiter Endeavour (STS-88 mission) on December 4, 1998, and connected to Zarya, the Russian-built Functional Cargo Block (FGB). The U.S. Laboratory (Destiny) module is the centerpiece of the ISS, where science experiments will be performed in the near-zero gravity in space. The Destiny Module was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis (STS-98 mission) on February 7, 2001. The aluminum module is 8.5 meters (28 feet) long and 4.3 meters (14 feet) in diameter. The laboratory consists of three cylindrical sections and two endcones with hatches that will be mated to other station components. A 50.9-centimeter- (20-inch-) diameter window is located on one side of the center module segment. This pressurized module is designed to accommodate pressurized payloads. It has a capacity of 24 rack locations, and payload racks will occupy 13 locations especially designed to support experiments.

Expedition 44 backup crew ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Timothy Peake (left), Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (ROSCOSMOS) (center), and NASA astronaut Timothy L. Kopra

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-02-19

JSC2015E053686 (04/30/2015) --- Expedition 44 backup crew ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Timothy Peake (left), Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (ROSCOSMOS) (center), and NASA astronaut Timothy L. Kopra .

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND TEETH OF COSMONAUTS ON MISSIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

PubMed

Ilyin, V K; Shumilina, G A; Solovieva, Z O; Nosovsky, A M; Kaminskaya, E V

Earlier studies were furthered by examination of parodentium anaerobic microbiota and investigation of gingival liquid immunological factors in space flight. Immunoglobulins were measured using the .enzyme immunoassay (EM). The qualitative content of keya parodentium pathogens is determined with state-of-the-art molecular biology technologies such as the polymerase chain reaction. Statistical data processing was performed using the principle component analysis and ensuing standard statistical analysis. Thereupon, recommendations on cosmonaut's oral and dental hygiene during space mission were developed.

STS-114 with Expedition 7 during ASC/CAP/OES Training.

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-11-12

JSC2002-02020 (12 November 2002) --- The STS-114 and Expedition Seven crews, attired in training versions of the full-pressure launch and entry suit, pose for a group photo prior to a training session in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). From the left are astronauts Soichi Noguchi, Stephen K. Robinson, both STS-114 mission specialists; James M. Kelly, STS-114 pilot; Eileen M. Collins, STS-114 mission commander; Edward T. Lu, Expedition Seven flight engineer; cosmonauts Yuri I. Malenchenko, Expedition Seven mission commander; and Alexander Y. Kaleri, Expedition Seven flight engineer. Noguchi represents Japan’s National Space Development Agency (NASDA). Malenchenko and Kaleri represent Rosaviakosmos.

At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Peake of the European Space Agency took a turn in a spinning chair to test his vestibular system Dec. 9 as part of his pre-launch training. Peake, Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Tim Kopra of NASA will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-12-09

At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Peake of the European Space Agency took a turn in a spinning chair to test his vestibular system Dec. 9 as part of his pre-launch training. Peake, Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Tim Kopra of NASA will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

[TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS IN COSMONAUT'S PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS AFTER LONG-DURATION MISSIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION].

PubMed

Berendeeva, T A; Ponomarev, S A; Antropova, E N; Rykova, M P

2015-01-01

Studies of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in 20 cosmonauts-members of long-duration (124-199-day) missions to the International space station evidenced changes in relative and absolute counts of peripheral blood monocytes with TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 on the surface, expression of TLR2 and TLR6 genes, and genes of molecules involved in the TLR signaling pathway and TLR-related NF-KB-, JNK/p38- and IRF pathways on the day of return to Earth. The observed changes displayed individual variability.

Preflight coverage of STS-114 & Expedition 7 Crews, Emergency Egress Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-09-12

JSC2002-01650 (12 September 2002) --- The STS-114 and Expedition Seven crews, attired in training versions of the full-pressure launch and entry suit, pose for a group photo prior to a training session in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). From the left are astronauts Eileen M. Collins, James M. Kelly, STS-114 mission commander and pilot, respectively; Soichi Noguchi and Stephen K. Robinson, both STS-114 mission specialists; Edward T. Lu, Expedition Seven flight engineer; cosmonauts Sergei I. Moschenko and Yuri I. Malenchenko, Expedition Seven flight engineer and mission commander, respectively. Moschenko and Malenchenko represent Rosaviakosmos and Noguchi represents Japan’s National Space Development Agency (NASDA).

[Status of the osteoclast-activating system in cosmonauts after long-duration missions to the International Space Station].

PubMed

Morukov, I B; Rykova, M P; Antropova, E N; Berendeeva, T A; Ponomarev, S A; Morukov, B V

2014-01-01

The results of studying the system of osteoprotegerin/ receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (OPG/RANKL) in 22 cosmonauts after long-duration (124 to 199 days) ISS missions are presented. Immediately on return to 1 g, changes were observed in OPG and RANKL serum levels and the ability to produce unstimulated and stimulated PGA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Individual variability of these changes was noticed. Our findings suggest that the cytokine OPG/RANKL-system is involved in bone remodeling in members of long-duration space missions.

Psychological differences between influence of temperament with the hemishere asymmetry of a brain on size of sensorymotor reactions of male and female cosmonauts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prisniakova, Lyudmila; Prisniakov, Volodymyr; Volkov, D. S.

The purpose of research was definition and comparison of relative parameters of sensorimotor reactions with a choice depending on a level of lateral asymmetry of hemispheres of a brain at representatives of various types of temperament OF male and female cosmonauts . These parameters were by the bases for verification of theoretical dependence for the latent period of reaction in conditions of weightlessness and overloads. The hypothesis about influence of functional asymmetry on parameters of psychomotor in sensory-motor reactions was laid in a basis of experiment. Techniques of definition of individual characters of the sensori-motor asymmetries were used, and G. Ajzenk's questionnaire EPQ adapted by Prisniakova L. Time of sensorimotor reaction has significant distinctions between representatives of different types of temperament with a various level interchemishere asymmetry OF male and female cosmonauts. With increase in expressiveness of the right hemisphere time of reaction tends to reduction at representatives of all types of temperament, the number of erroneous reactions as a whole increases also a level of achievement tends to reduction. Results of time of sensorimotor reaction correspond with parameter L. Prisniakova which characterizes individual - psychological features. .Earlier the received experimental data of constant time of processing of the information in memory at a period of a sensorimotor reactions of the man and new results for women were used for calculation of these time constants for overloads distinct from terrestrial. These data enable to predict dynamics of behavior of cosmonauts with differing sex in conditions of flight in view of their individual characteristics connected with the hemisphere asymmetry of a brain and with by a various degree of lateralization.

ASTP 15th Anniversary Clip-Media Release

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

This release is comprised of 5 separate clips, including the following: CL 762 Astronauts/Cosmonauts Visit to KSC and Walt Disney World; CL 739 ASTP Joint Crew Activities; CL 748 ASTP Astronauts/Cosmonauts Horlock Ranch Visit; CL 758 T-21 ASTP Training - US/USSR; and CL 743 ASTP Joint Crew Training in the Soviet Union.

[Visual–manual tracking after long spaceflight].

PubMed

2016-01-01

This study presents the results of the pre- and postflight clinical and physiological examination (CPE) and scientific experiment “Sensory Adaptation-2” carried out in Yu.A. Gagarin Research & Test Cosmonaut Training Center. There were examined 14 Russian cosmonauts, crewmembers of long-term international spaceflights ISS-28/29 to ISS 36/37, who were in microgravity from 159 to 195 days. Age of the cosmonauts was 35–50 years. Studies were conducted twice before space flight (baseline), and on days R+1(2), R+4(5), and R+8(9) after landing. In the study of visual–manual tracking (VMT), eye movements were recorded by the electrooculography method (EOG), hand movements - by a joystick using biological visual feedback (on the screen represented the current angle/position of a joystick). Examinations were conducted using computerized stimulation programs, which were presented on the screen of the hardware-software complex "Sensomotor". Examinations of the VMT took place in the dialog mode and included the following sections: a) EOG-calibration; b) visual-manual tracking within ±10° on the screen with blank background (smooth linear and sinusoidal movement of a point target with a frequency of 0.16 Hz in the vertical and horizontal directions). There were evaluated time, amplitude, and velocity characteristics of visual and manual tracking (VT and MT), including the effectiveness (EC) and gain (GC) coefficients which were calculated respectively, as the ratio of amplitude and velocity of the visual stimulus (target). A study of the vestibular function (VF) was performed before and after space flight using videooculography. There were assessed static torsion otolith–cervical–ocular reflex, dynamic vestibular–cervical–ocular reactions, vestibular reactivity, spontaneous eye movements. Study of VF in the first postflight has shown a sharp decrease (up to its complete absence) of static vestibular excitability (otolith reflex) accompanied by the increased

Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE) Method and System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cowings, Patricia S. (Inventor)

1997-01-01

The Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE) method of the present invention is a combined application of physiologic and perceptual training techniques. such as autogenic therapy and biofeedback. This combined therapy approach produces a methodology that is appreciably more effective than either of the individual techniques used separately. The AFTE method enables sufficient magnitude of control necessary to significantly reduce the behavioral and physiologic reactions to severe environmental stressors. It produces learned effects that are persistent over time and are resistant to extinction and it can be administered in a short period of time. The AFTE method may be used efficiently in several applications, among which are the following: to improve pilot and crew performance during emergency flying conditions; to train people to prevent the occurrence of nausea and vomiting associated with motion and sea sickness, or morning sickness in early pregnancy; as a training method for preventing or counteracting air-sickness symptoms in high-performance military aircraft; for use as a method for cardiovascular training, as well as for multiple other autonomic responses, which may contribute to the alleviation of Space Motion Sickness (SMS) in astronauts and cosmonauts; training people suffering from migraine or tension headaches to control peripheral blood flow and reduce forehead and/or trapezius muscle tension; training elderly people suffering from fecal incontinence to control their sphincter muscles; training cancer patients to reduce the nauseagenic effects of chemotherapy; and training patients with Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction (CIP).

Protein expression changes caused by spaceflight as measured for 18 Russian cosmonauts.

PubMed

M Larina, Irina; Percy, Andrew J; Yang, Juncong; Borchers, Christoph H; M Nosovsky, Andrei; I Grigoriev, Anatoli; N Nikolaev, Evgeny

2017-08-15

The effects of spaceflight on human physiology is an increasingly studied field, yet the molecular mechanisms driving physiological changes remain unknown. With that in mind, this study was performed to obtain a deeper understanding of changes to the human proteome during space travel, by quantitating a panel of 125 proteins in the blood plasma of 18 Russian cosmonauts who had conducted long-duration missions to the International Space Station. The panel of labeled prototypic tryptic peptides from these proteins covered a concentration range of more than 5 orders of magnitude in human plasma. Quantitation was achieved by a well-established and highly-regarded targeted mass spectrometry approach involving multiple reaction monitoring in conjunction with stable isotope-labeled standards. Linear discriminant function analysis of the quantitative results revealed three distinct groups of proteins: 1) proteins with post-flight protein concentrations remaining stable, 2) proteins whose concentrations recovered slowly, or 3) proteins whose concentrations recovered rapidly to their pre-flight levels. Using a systems biology approach, nearly all of the reacting proteins could be linked to pathways that regulate the activities of proteases, natural immunity, lipid metabolism, coagulation cascades, or extracellular matrix metabolism.

STS-113 TCDT emergency exit training at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - As part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, the STS-113 and Expedition 6 crews receive training in emergency exit from the orbiter on Launch Pad 39A. Shown are (from left) Mission Commander James Wetherbee and cosmonaut Nikolai Budarin and astronaut Donald Pettit of the Expedition 6 crew. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown. The 16th assembly flight to the International Space Station, STS-113 will carry the Port 1 (P1) truss aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour as well as the Expedition 6 crew, who will replace Expedition 5 on the Station. Mission STS-113 is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, 2002.

STS-113 TCDT emergency exit training at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - As part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, the STS-113 and Expedition 6 crews receive training in emergency exit from the orbiter on Launch Pad 39A. Shown are (from left) Expedition 6 Commander Ken Bowersox; STS-113 Pilot Paul Lockhart; astronaut Donald Pettit; Mission Specialist Michael Lopez-Alegria, Commander James Wetherbee and Mission Specialist John Herrington; and cosmonaut Nikolai Budarin. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown. The 16th assembly flight to the International Space Station, STS-113 will carry the Port 6 crew, who will replace Expedition 5 on the Station. Mission STS-113 is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, 2002.

[Dose loads on and radiation risk values for cosmonauts on a mission to Mars estimated from actual Martian vehicle engineering development].

PubMed

Shafirkin, A V; Kolomenskiĭ, A V; Mitrikas, V G; Petrov, V M

2010-01-01

The current design philosophy of a Mars orbiting vehicle, takeoff and landing systems and the transport return vehicle was taken into consideration for calculating the equivalent doses imparted to cosmonaut's organs and tissues by galactic cosmic rays, solar rays and the Earth's radiation belts, values of the total radiation risk over the lifespan following the mission and over the whole career period, and possible shortening of life expectancy. There are a number of uncertainties that should be evaluated, and radiation limits specified before setting off to Mars.

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Expedition 19 Flight Engineer Michael R. Barratt and backup spaceflight participant Esther Dyson exercise at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The physician-cosmonaut tasks in stabilizing the crew members health and increasing an effectiveness of their preparation for returning to Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polyakov, V. V.

During a final 4-month stage of I-year space flight of cosmonauts Titov and Manarov, a physician, Valery Polyakov was included on a crew for the purpose of evaluating their health, correcting physical status to prepare for the spacecraft reentry and landing operations. The complex program of scientific investigations and experiments performed by a physician included an evaluation of adaptation reactions of the human body at different stages of space mission using clinicophysiological and biochemical methods; testing of alternative regimes of exercises and new countermeasures to prevent an unfavorable effect of long-term weightlessness.

STATUS OF THE SYSTEM OF SIGNALING PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS OF MONOCYTES AND GRANULOCYTES IN COSMONAUTS' PERIPHERAL BLOOD BEFORE AND AFTER LONG-DURATION MISSIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

PubMed

Ponomarev, S A; Berendeeva, T A; Kalinin, S A; Muranova, A V

The system of signaling pattern recognition receptors was studied in 8 cosmonauts aged 35 to 56 years before and after (R+) long-duration missions to the International space station. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for the content of monocytes and granulocytes that express the signaling pattern recognition Toll- like (TLR) receptors localized as on cell surface (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6), so inside cells (TLR3, TLR8, TLR9). In parallel, serum concentrations of TLR2 (HSP60) and TLR4 ligands (HSP70, HMGB1) were measured. The results of investigations showed growth of HSP60, HSP70 and HMGB1 concentrations on R+1. In the;majority of cosmonauts increases in endogenous ligands were followed by growth in the number of both monocytes and granulocytes that express TLR2 1 TLR4. This consistency gives ground to assume that changes in the system of signaling pattern recognition receptors can stem .from the predominantly endogenous ligands' response to the effects of long-duration space flight on human organism.

Soviet experiments aimed at investigating the influence of space flight factors on the physiology of animals and man.

PubMed

Parin, V V; Gazenko, O G

1963-01-01

Results are given of biological experiments on space ship-satellites II, III, IV and V, and of scientific investigations made during the flights of Cosmonauts Gagarin and Titov aboard space ships Vostok I and Vostok II. Physiological reactions to the action of the flight stress-factors are not of a pathological character. In the post-flight period no alterations in health conditions of either cosmonauts or animals were observed. At the same time some peculiarities which were revealed while analyzing physiological reactions and a number of biological indices require further investigations. The most important tasks remaining are to study the influence of protracted weightlessness, of the biological action of space radiation, of the action of acceleration stresses after prolonged stay under zero-gravity conditions and also to analyze the influence on the organism of the whole combination of spaceflight factors, including emotional strain. In the Soviet Union, a great number of biological experiments have been conducted with a view to elucidating the action of space flight factors on living organisms and the design of systems necessary to ensure healthy activity during flight aboard rocket space vehicles. The first flight experiments with animals were conducted by means of geophysical rockets. The next step in this direction was made by the launching of Sputnik II in 1957 and by experiments on space ship-satellites in 1960-61. The main purpose of flight and laboratory investigations was to obtain the objective scientific criteria essential for ensuring the safety of manned space flight.

Soviet and American flight directors for ASTP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

These two men are flight directors for the joint U.S.-USSR Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission scheduled for July 1975. Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Yeliseyev (left) is the Soviet ASTP senior flight director; and M. P. Frank is the American ASTP senior flight director. They are seated beside a Docking Module training mock-up in bldg 35 at JSC. Cosmonaut Yeliseyev was head of a delegation of USSR flight controllers who were at JSC for two weeks of ASTP training.

Official portrait of the ISS Expedition Five crewmembers

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-02-01

ISS005-S-002 (February 2002) --- Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun (left), Expedition Five mission commander; astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, both flight engineers, attired in training versions of the shuttle launch and entry suit, pause from their training schedule for a crew portrait. The three will be launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in early spring of this year aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Korzun and Treschev represent the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos).

Mickey Mouse greets prime ASTP crewmen to Florida's Disney World

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A space-suited Mickey Mouse character welcomes the prime crewmen of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) to Florida's Disney World near Orlando. The crewmen made a side-trip to Disney World during a three-day inspection tour of the Kennedy Space Center. Receiving the Disney World welcome are, left to right, Cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet crew; Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot of the American crew; Astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot of the American crew; Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet crew; Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; and Cosmonaut Vladimir A. Shatalov, Chief of Cosmonaut Training for the U.S.S.R.

Celestial and terrestrial tele-ophthalmology: a health monitoring helmet for astronaut/cosmonaut and general public use

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ansari, Rafat R.; Rovati, Luigi; Sebag, Jerry

2001-06-01

A goggles-like head-mounted device equipped with several non-invasive techniques for quantitative medical evaluation of the eye, skin, and brain is envisioned for monitoring the health of astronauts and cosmonauts during long-term space travel and exploration. Real-time non-invasive evaluation of the different structures within these organs will provide indices of the health of these organs, as well as the entire body. The techniques such as dynamic light scattering (for the early detection of cataracts to evaluate effects of cosmic radiation), corneal autofluorescence (to assess extracellular matrix biology (e.g., diabetes), optical polarization (of aqueous fluid to evaluate serum chemistry), laser Doppler velocimetry (of retinal, optic nerve, and choroidal blood flow to assess ocular as well as central nervous system blood flow), reflectometry/oximetry (for oxygen metabolism), optical coherence tomography (for retinal microstructure), and possibility scanning laser technology for intraocular imaging and scanning will be integrated into this compact device.

Expedition 9 Landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-24

The crew return bus pulls away from the Gargarin Cosmonaut Training Center's airplane in Star City, Russia. The Soyuz capsule carrying Expedition 9 Flight Engineer Michael Fincke, Expedition 9 Commander Gennady Padalka and Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin landed approximately 85 kilometers northeast of Arkalyk in northern Kazakhstan, Sunday, October 24, 2004. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Different Perspectives on Asthenia in Astronauts and Cosmonauts: International Research Literature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sandoval, Luis; Shea, Camille; Otto, Christian; Leventon, Lauren

2010-01-01

The Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Element is one of the six elements within the NASA Human Research Program (HRP) and is responsible for managing four risks: a) The Risk of Performance Decrements due to inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication and Psychological Adaptation within a Team (Team), b) the Risk of Performance Errors due to Sleep Loss, Circadian De-synchronization, Fatigue and Work Overload (Sleep), c) Risk of Behavioral Conditions (BMed), and d) the Risk of Psychiatric Disorders (BMed). The aim of this report is to address some of the recommendations made by the recent NASA HRP Standing Review Panel for the Behavioral Medicine Risk of Psychiatric Disorders. Such recommendations included: a) the inclusion of important national and international literature in English and non-English language materials; including journals, books, magazines, conference reports and b) an extensive literature review of certain types of psychological states to predict, detect, and assess adverse mental states that may negatively affect the psychological well being of the astronauts, specifically asthenia. This report was a collaborative international work effort focused on the evaluation and determination of the importance of continuing research on asthenia as a possible psychological problem that might affect the optimal psychological functioning among crewmembers during long-duration space flight missions. Russian medical personnel (flight surgeons and psychologist) have observed symptoms of asthenia (weakness, increased fatigue, irritability, and attention and memory disorders) in cosmonauts after four months in space (Myasnikov& Zamaleddinov1996; Grigorieve, 1996 ) and believe that asthenia is one of the greater risks that will affect crews? optimal psychological functioning.

STS-105 and Expedition Three crews get slidewire training at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- On the 195-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure, Launch Pad 39A, the STS-105 and Expedition Three crews listen to instructions about use of the slidewire basket, part of emergency egress training at the pad. From left are Expedition Three Commander Frank Culbertson, STS-105 Pilot Rick Sturckow; cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov; Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester, Commander Scott Horowitz and Mission Specialist Daniel Barry. Both crews are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

Expedition 19 Crew Training

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-03-20

Spaceflight Participant Charles Simonyi, left, Expedition 19 Commander Gennady I. Padalka, center, and Flight Engineer Michael R. Barratt along with the backup crew and flight doctors walk the grounds of the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Simulations- ASTP Command Module

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-11

S75-21599 (12 Feb. 1975) --- Six Apollo-Soyuz Test Project crewmen participate in joint crew training in Building 35 at the Johnson Space Center. They are (wearing flight suits), left to right, astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American ASTP prime crew; astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot on Stafford?s crew; cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew; astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot on Stafford?s crew; cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew; and cosmonaut Vladimir A. Dzhanibekov, commander of the Soviet ASTP third (backup) crew. Brand is seated next to the hatch of the Apollo Command Module trainer. This picture was taken during a ?walk-through? of the first day?s activities in Earth orbit. The other men are interpreters and training personnel.

STS-88 Mission Specialist Currie receives M-113 training during TCDT activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

STS-88 Mission Specialist Nancy J. Currie prepares to operate an M-113, an armored personnel carrier, as part of emergency egress training under the watchful eye of instructor George Hoggard (left) during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT also provides the crew with simulated countdown exercises and opportunities to inspect their mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. Mission STS-88 is targeted for launch on Dec. 3, 1998. It is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station and will carry the Unity connecting module. Others in the STS-88 crew are Mission Commander Robert D. Cabana; Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow; and Mission Specialists Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman, and Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut.

Guided imagery, anxiety, heart rate, and heart rate variability during centrifuge training.

PubMed

Jing, Xiaolu; Wu, Ping; Liu, Fang; Wu, Bin; Miao, Danmin

2011-02-01

Centrifuge training is an important method of improving the hypergravity tolerance of pilots, cosmonauts, and Chinese astronauts. However, the concomitants of tension or anxiety often impede training. Guided imagery (GI), a mind-body relaxation technique, provides a behavioral and cognitive means whereby individuals are able to exert control over the focus of attention. This study aims to investigate the immediate effects of GI for reducing stress in centrifuge training. There were 12 healthy young men who were randomly assigned to a GI group or music group. We measured changes in heart rate during centrifuge training, in heart rate variability before and after centrifuge training, and also evaluated relaxation and anxiety in three phases: before intervention, after intervention, and following centrifuge training. The change in the pattern of anxiety was different in the two groups over the three phases. Anxiety (measured by State Anxiety Inventory) in the GI group changed from 31.7 +/- 5.9 to 26.8 +/- 2.6 and 27.8 +/- 4.1, whereas for the music group this changed from 32.2 +/- 7.6 to 31.2 +/- 8.3 and 26.8 +/- 6.8. During centrifuge training, the maximal HR for the GI group (101.2 +/- 8.8) was lower than that of the music group (123.0 +/- 19.1). In addition GI showed a decrease in low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) components and an increase in high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) components before and after centrifuge training. GI was capable of decreasing tension, anxiety, and sympathetic nervous system activity pre- or post-centrifugation.

SOCIAL - APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP) - DISNEY WORLD - FL

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-10

S75-24052 (8-10 Feb. 1975) --- A space-suited Mickey Mouse character welcomes the prime crewmen of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission to Florida?s Disney World near Orlando. The crewmen made a side-trip to Disney World during a three-day inspection tour of NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The crewmen were at KSC to look over launch facilities and flight hardware. Receiving the jovial Disney World welcome are, left to right, cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet crew; astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot of the American crew; astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot of the American crew; cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet crew; astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; and cosmonaut Vladimir A. Shatalov, Chief of Cosmonaut Training for the USSR.

Performance Assessment in the PILOT Experiment On Board Space Stations Mir and ISS.

PubMed

Johannes, Bernd; Salnitski, Vyacheslav; Dudukin, Alexander; Shevchenko, Lev; Bronnikov, Sergey

2016-06-01

The aim of this investigation into the performance and reliability of Russian cosmonauts in hand-controlled docking of a spacecraft on a space station (experiment PILOT) was to enhance overall mission safety and crew training efficiency. The preliminary findings on the Mir space station suggested that a break in docking training of about 90 d significantly degraded performance. Intensified experiment schedules on the International Space Station (ISS) have allowed for a monthly experiment using an on-board simulator. Therefore, instead of just three training tasks as on Mir, five training flights per session have been implemented on the ISS. This experiment was run in parallel but independently of the operational docking training the cosmonauts receive. First, performance was compared between the experiments on the two space stations by nonparametric testing. Performance differed significantly between space stations preflight, in flight, and postflight. Second, performance was analyzed by modeling the linear mixed effects of all variances (LME). The fixed factors space station, mission phases, training task numbers, and their interaction were analyzed. Cosmonauts were designated as a random factor. All fixed factors were found to be significant and the interaction between stations and mission phase was also significant. In summary, performance on the ISS was shown to be significantly improved, thus enhancing mission safety. Additional approaches to docking performance assessment and prognosis are presented and discussed.

Evaluation of Training Samples Manually Welded With the Universal Handtool in a Space Simulation Chamber

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, C. K.; Malone, T. W.; Cato, S. N.

2004-01-01

The international space welding experiment was designed to evaluate the universal handtool (UHT) functions as a welding, brazing, coating, and cutting tool for in-space operations. The UHT is an electron beam welding system developed by the Paton Welding Institute (PWI), Kiev, Ukraine, and operated a 8 kV with up to 1 kW of power. In preparation for conducting the space welding experiment, cosmonauts were trained to properly operate the UHT and correctly process samples. This Technical Memorandum presents the results of the destructive and nondestructive evaluation of the training samples made in Russia in 1998. It was concluded that acceptable welds can be made with the UHT despite the constraints imposed by a space suit. The lap joint fillet weld configuration was more suitable than the butt joint configuration for operators with limited welding experience. The tube braze joint configuration designed by the PWI was easily brazed in a repeatable manner.

[Aviation medicine laboratory of the North Fleet air base celebrates the 70th anniversary].

PubMed

Gavrilov, V V; Mazaĭkin, D N; Buldakov, I M; Pisarev, A A

2013-05-01

The article is dedicated to the history of formation and development of the oldest aviation medicine department and its role in a flight safety of the North Fleet naval aviation. The aviation medicine laboratory was created in the years of the Great Patriotic war for medical backup of flights, medical review board, delivering of combat casualty care, prophylaxis of hypothermia and exhaustion of flight and ground crew. In a post-war period the aviation medicine laboratory made a great contribution to development of medical backup of educational and combat activity of the North Fleet aviation. Participation in cosmonaut applicants selection (incl. Yu.A. Gagarin), optimization of flight services during the transmeridian flights, research of carrier-based aircraft habitability and body state of the contingent during the longstanding ship-based aviation, development of treatment methods for functional status of sea-based aviation crew are the achievements of aviation medicine laboratory. Nowadays medicine laboratory is performing a research and practice, methodic and consultative activity with the aim of improving the system of medical backup, aviation medicine, psychology, flight safety, improvement of air crew health, prolong of flying proficiency.

Autogenic feedback training experiment: A preventative method for space motion sickness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cowings, Patricia S.

1993-01-01

Space motion sickness is a disorder which produces symptoms similar to those of motion sickness on Earth. This syndrome has affected approximately 50 percent of all astronauts and cosmonauts exposed to microgravity in space, but it differs from what is commonly known as motion sickness in a number of critical ways. There is currently no ground-based method for predicting susceptibility to motion sickness in space. Antimotion sickness drugs have had limited success in preventing or counteracting symptoms in space, and frequently caused debilitating side effects. The objectives were: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of Autogenic-Feedback Training as a countermeasure for space motion sickness; (2) to compare physiological data and in-flight symptom reports to ground-based motion sickness data; and (3) to predict susceptibility to space motion sickness based on pre-flight data of each treatment group crew member.

Expedition One crew in Russian with Service Module

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-14

JSC2000-E-18630 (June 2000) --- A wide shot of the Zvezda Service Module trainer/mockup, with the transfer compartment in the foreground, displays the site of a great deal of training activity by astronauts and cosmonauts in training for ISS expeditions.

jsc2012e051524

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-05-11

At the historic museum near the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 31/32 backup and prime crews pose for pictures May 11, 2012 in front of the mural depicting the likeness of Yuri Gagarin, the first human to fly in space. The photo session took place as training for the launch of Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, Flight Engineer Joe Acaba of NASA and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin drew to a close for their liftoff May 15 in their Soyuz TMA-04 spacecraft to begin a four-month mission on the International Space Station. From left to right are backup crewmembers Oleg Novitskiy, Kevin Ford of NASA and Evgeny Tarelkin, and the prime crew, Padalka, Revin and Acaba. In the foreground are replicas of the small cottages Gagarin and the Russian space program’s “Great Designer”, Sergei Korolev slept in on the eve of Gagarin’s launch on April 12, 1961. The real cottages are located near the museum in Baikonur. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Aviation and Cosmonautics, No. 7, July 1987.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-14

CONTENTS u JANUARY ms Improvement in Elements of Combat Potential Traced [I. Sviridov] 1 More Realistic Pilot Training Under Mountain Conditions Urged...training commenced. The arriv- ing Soviet aviators became familiar with a new flight area for them and improved their skills in mountain flights...withstand the thrust of the units of the Edelweiss Division which had been specially trained for fighting in mountain areas. But they firmly

T-cell immunity and cytokine production in cosmonauts after long-duration space flights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morukov, B.; Rykova, M.; Antropova, E.; Berendeeva, T.; Ponomaryov, S.; Larina, I.

2011-04-01

Long-duration spaceflight effects on T-cell immunity and cytokine production were studied in 12 Russian cosmonauts flown onto the International Space Station. Specific assays were performed before launch and after landing and included analysis of peripheral leukocyte distribution, analysis of T-cell phenotype, expression of activation markers, apoptosis, proliferation of T cells in response to a mitogen, concentrations of cytokines in supernatants of cell cultures. Statistically significant increase was observed in leukocytes', lymphocytes', monocytes' and granulocytes' total number, increase in percentage and absolutely number of CD3 +CD4 +-cells, CD4 +CD45RA +-cells and CD4 +CD45RA +/CD4 +CD45RО + ratio, CD4 +CD25 +Bright regulatory cells ( p<0,05) in peripheral blood after landing. T-lymphocytes' capacity to present CD69 and CD25 on its own surfaces was increased for the majority of crewmembers. Analysis of T-cell response to PHA-stimulation in vitro revealed there were some trends toward reduced proliferation of stimulated T-lymphocytes. There was an apparent post flight decrease in secreted IFN-g for the majority of crewmembers and in most instances there was elevation in secreted IL-10. It revealed depression of IFN-g/IL-10 ratio after flight. Correlation analysis according to Spearman's rank correlation test established significant positive correlations ( p<0.05) between cytokine production and T-cell activation (CD25+, CD38+) and negative correlation ( p<0.05) between cytokine production and number of bulk memory CD4+T-cells (CD45RO+). Thus, these results suggest that T-cell dysfunction can be conditioned by cytokine dysbalance and could lead to development of disease after long-duration space flights.

Regulation of Isotopic Composition of Water - way of Improvement of Cosmonauts Drinking Water Functional Properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulikova, Ekaterina; Utina, Dina; Vorozhtsova, Svetlana; Severyuhin, Yuri; Abrosimova, Anna; Sinyak, Yuri; Ivanov, Alexander

The problem in providing drinking water to cosmonauts is solved - at this moment there is a task to improve the functional properties of the water. One of the perspectives of this trend is the use of light isotopic water. The animal studies have shown that long-term consumption of water with a depletion of deuterium and oxygen heavy isotopes accelerates the rise of mass non-irradiated mice, the phase fluctuations reducing or increasing hematological parameters were having adaptive nature. These fluctuations didn’t overcome values beyond the physiological norm of this type of animal. It is established that the therapeutic use of light isotopic water with 35 - 90 ppm in deuterium increases the survival of irradiated mice by an average of 30%, contributes to the preservation of irradiated animals body weight. Treatment of acute radiation sickness with light isotopic water stimulates hematopoietic recovery. At the same time, keeping mice drinking light isotopic water for 7 - 8 days before the irradiation (from 4 to 8.5 Gr) has no effect on the level of radio resistance. Longer keeping mice on light isotopic water, for 14 -21 days - reduction in life expectancy, animal mass, bone marrow cellularity and the level of white blood cells in irradiated animals is noted. It was established that keeping mice on light isotopic water for 14 days before exposure in experimental animals causes an increase in the mitotic index and the frequency of formation of aberrant mitosis after 24 hours of Co(60) gamma radiation in doses of 1 , 2, and 4 Gr. Thus, it is clear that the regulation of the isotopic composition of drinking water - way to improve its functional properties.

STS-106 crew water survival training

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-03-21

JSC2000-02568 (21 March 2000) --- Astronaut Richard A. Mastracchio, STS-106 mission specialist, awaits his turn to be dropped by a simulated parachute into water during an emergency bailout exercise in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). Mastracchio, an alumnus of NASA's 1996 class of astronaut candidates, will join four other astronauts and two cosmonauts, representing the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, for a late summer visit to the International Space Station.

American ASTP crewmen briefed on operation of consoles in main control room

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-04-25

S75-25619 (25 April 1975) --- A group of American ASTP crewmen is briefed on the operation of the consoles in the main control room at the ASTP flight control center at the Cosmonaut Training Center (Star City) near Moscow. The astronauts were in the Soviet Union for ASTP joint crew training with the Soviet ASTP crewmen. PHOTO COURTESY: USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Expedition 9 Landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-24

Expedition 9 Flight Engineer Michael Fincke, lower left, greets his wife and children for the first time in six months after exiting the Gargarin Cosmonaut Training Center's airplane in Star City, Russia, Sunday October 24, 2004. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

STS-106 crew water survival training

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-03-21

JSC2000-02523 (21 March 2000) --- Astronaut Richard A. Mastracchio, STS-106 mission specialist, depends on his "Mae West" preserver to keep him afloat as he deploys his life raft during an emergency bailout exercise in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). Mastracchio, an alumnus of NASA 1996 class of astronaut candidates, will join four other astronauts and two cosmonauts, representing the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, for a late summer visit to the International Space Station.

Cosmonauts' haemostasis system status before and after space flights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuzichkin, Dmitry; Markin, Andrey; Morukov, Boris

Introduction. It is known that cosmonauts expose themselves to psychophysical effort in different phases of space flights as well as in pre- and post-flight period. Stress affects different body systems functioning changes including haemostasis system. It is shown that adrenalin directly activates XII coagulation cascade factor [McKay D. G., Latour I. G., Parrish M. N.,1970], initiating intrinsic clotting pathway and affects fibrinogen concentration increase in plasma [Zubairov D. M., 1978]. A post-flight increase in the fibrinogen concentration was revealed with its drop up to the pre-flight level within rehabilitation period [T. Peter Stein, Margaret D., 2006]. Stress agents influence on haemostasis system is physiologically determined and directed to body preparation before probable blood loss. One can consider this process as a function of intrinsic clotting pathway. But in case of blood loss absence the preliminary permanent coagulation activation can lead to appearance of thrombosis risk. Purpose. The purpose was to study haemostasis system main components functional activity features before and after space flights. Methods. In the citrated plasma of astronauts who performed short-term (10 to 11 days) or long-term (196 to 199 days) the following values were determined: activated partial thrombin time (APTT); prothrombin time; prothrombin index; international normalized ratio; thrombin time (TT); activity of enzymes influencing the function of proteins involved in the formation and lysis of a clot such as antithrombin III, protein C, plasminogen, antiplasmin; content of fibrinogen, as well as intermediate products of formation and degradation of fibrin such as D-dimer, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes (SFMC). Sampling of biomaterial was perfomed 30 to 45 days prior to the flight, during the 1st day of the post flight period (all the examined persons), and in the 7th and 14th day (long-term flights member only) Results. In pre-flight period cosmonauts’ APTT

Expedition 9 Landing

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-24

Expedition 9 Commander Gennady Padalka, center, and Expedition 9 Flight Engineer Michael Fincke, background, exit the Gargarin Cosmonaut Training Center's airplane to an awaiting crowd of officials and family members after their flight from Kustanay, Kazakhstan, Sunday, October 24, 2004. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Preparation and results of a 24-hour orbital flight.

PubMed

Titov, G S

1963-01-01

The space age presents man with unprecedented opportunities for discovery and for cooperative endeavors to benefit all mankind. My flight of August 6-7, 1961 was conducted for the purpose of determining whether man can stay and work effectively and whether all systems of the spaceship can operate successfully during a period of 24 hours in space. The flight of Vostok II represents an experimental step in a logical sequence which included the first earth orbiting flight of USSR citizen Yuri A. Gagarin. Preparation for the flight included the study of theoretical and applied subjects, testing in various kinds of apparatus which provide acceleration, heat and isolation experience, brief airborne weightless flights and parachute landings, in addition to extensive training in a real spacecraft having simulators for normal and emergency contingencies of space flight. The actual flight was therefore carried out with a sense of confidence and familiarity and with continuous close radio contact with ground centers from whom my fellow cosmonauts served as spokesmen. Sequential boosters totaling 600 000 kg thrust placed the 4731 kg spaceship into a perfect orbit varying in altitude from 178-246 km in a plane 64 degrees 58' inclined to the equator. The spaceship made 17 orbits around the earth landing 25 hours, 18 minutes after take-off. The cabin had full atmospheric pressure and a comfortable habitability which could be extended for 10 days. I was able to maneuver the spaceship and perform many other control functions, make observations and take pictures of the earth and its cloud cover, eat meals and sleep all with good efficiency. I experienced mild symptoms suggestive of seasickness which were aggravated by head turning, ameliorated by sleep and entirely relieved by resumption of g-loading during descent. Altogether analyses of the physical and structural performance of the spaceship and the continuously monitored physiological responses of the pilot indicate that all

Translations on USSR Science and Technology, Physical Sciences and Technology, Number 39

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-06-30

11111111111111 \\"-m Twice-Awarded Hero of the Soviet Union, USSR Pilot-Cosmonaut A. A. Leonov exercises on a trampoline . Training cannot be limited to a...Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, and Czechoslovakia participated in the conference. The Soviet delegation was headed by Academician B. N. Petrov

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-06-08

Five NASA astronauts and two cosmonauts representing the Russian Aviation and Space Agency take a break in training from their scheduled September 2000 visit to the International Space Station (ISS). Astronauts Terrence W. Wilcutt (right front), and Scott D. Altman (left front) are mission commander and pilot, respectively. On the back row (from the left) are mission specialists Boris V. Morukov, cosmonaut, along with astronauts Richard A. Mastracchio, Edward T. Lu, and Daniel C. Burbank, and cosmonaut Yuri I. Malenchenko. Morukov and Malenchenko represent the Russian Aviation and Space Agency. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on September 8, 2000 at 7:46 a.m. (CDT), the STS-106 crew successfully prepared the International Space Station (ISS) for occupancy. Acting as plumbers, movers, installers and electricians, they installed batteries, power converters, a toilet and a treadmill on the outpost. They also delivered more than 2,993 kilograms (6,600 pounds) of supplies. Lu and Malenchenko performed a space walk to connect power, and data and communications cables to the newly arrived Zvezda Service Module and the Station.

Expedition 10 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-08

Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov tours a museum bearing the name of historic Russian rocket designer Sergei Korolev, Saturday, October 9, 2004, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in advance of their liftoff to the International Space Station October 14. The traditional visit included the signing of their names in commemorative books and a wall at the museum, and touring the cottages nearby where Korolev and Yuri Gagarin slept on the eve of Gagarin's launch April 12, 1961 to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

[The contribution of military aviation and space medicine to the biomedical support of the first flight into space].

PubMed

Belevitin, A B; Bukhtiiarov, I V; Zhdan'ko, I M; Bednenko, V S; Khomenko, M N

2011-04-01

April 12, 2011 Humanity celebrated 50 years of one of the greatest achievements of the twentieth century--the legendary flight of Y. Gagarin into space. In this study are highlighted the role and importance of military aviation and space medicine, and in particular, the State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine, Ministry of Defence of the USSR (now--the State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine, Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov) in the preparation and conduct of flight of Yu.A.Gagarin.

ASTRONAUT BEAN, ALAN L - SIMULATION - BLDG. 35 - COMMAND MODULE TRAINER - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-20

S75-21720 (14 Feb. 1975) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean (foreground) and cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov participate in Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training in Building 35 at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are in the Apollo Command Module trainer. The training session simulated activities on the first day in Earth orbit. Bean is the commander of the American ASTP backup crew. Leonov is the commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew.

Expedition Three crew poses for photo on Fixed Service structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Expedition Three crew poses on the Fixed Service Structure at Launch Pad 39A. From left are cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov. The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews are at Kennedy Space Center participating in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test, a dress rehearsal for launch. The activities include emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The Expedition Two crew members currently on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

Expedition Three crew clasp hands for photo at pad

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Expedition Three crew join hands for a photo on Launch Pad 39A. From left are cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov, Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin. The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews are at Kennedy Space Center participating in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test, a dress rehearsal for launch. The activities include emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The Expedition Two crew members currently on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

Expedition Three crew poses for photo at pad

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Expedition Three crew poses for a photo on Launch Pad 39A. From left are cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov, Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin. The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews are at Kennedy Space Center participating in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test, a dress rehearsal for launch. The activities include emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The Expedition Two crew members currently on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

PROTOCOL - APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP) - TOUR - WASHINGTON, DC

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-09-07

S74-29892 (7 Sept. 1974) --- President Gerald R. Ford removes the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft model from a model set depicting the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, an Earth orbital docking and rendezvous mission involving crewmen from the U.S. and USSR, who visited Mr. Ford at the White House. The cosmonauts and astronauts are, left to right, Vladimir A. Shatalov, Chief, Cosmonaut Training; Valeriy N. Kubasov, ASTP Soviet engineer; Aleksey A. Leonov, ASTP Soviet crew commander; Thomas P. Stafford, ASTP American crew commander; Donald K. Slayton, American crew?s docking module pilot; and Vance D. Brand, command module pilot for the U.S. team. Dr. George M. Low, Deputy Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is partially obscured behind Mr. Ford.

KSC-01pp1354

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-20

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Expedition Three crew join hands for a photo on Launch Pad 39A. From left are cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov, Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin. The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews are at Kennedy Space Center participating in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test, a dress rehearsal for launch. The activities include emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The Expedition Two crew members currently on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

Simulations - Joint NASA-USSR Mission - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-25

S75-22187 (25 Feb. 1975) --- Two ASTP crewmen look over food cans and packages in the Soyuz orbital module trainer in Building 35 during Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (left), commander of the American ASTP prime crew; and cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activity on the second day in Earth orbit.

International Space Station Medical Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jeffrey A.

2008-01-01

NASA is currently the leader, in conjunction with our Russian counterpart co-leads, of the Multilateral Medical Policy Board (MMPB), the Multilateral Medical Operations Panel (MMOP), which coordinates medical system support for International Space Station (ISS) crews, and the Multilateral Space Medicine Board (MSMB), which medically certifies all crewmembers for space flight on-board the ISS. These three organizations have representatives from NASA, RSA-IMBP (Russian Space Agency- Institute for Biomedical Problems), GCTC (Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center), ESA (European Space Agency), JAXA (Japanese Space Agency), and CSA (Canadian Space Agency). The policy and strategic coordination of ISS medical operations occurs at this level, and includes interactions with MMOP working groups in Radiation Health, Countermeasures, Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA), Informatics, Environmental Health, Behavioral Health and Performance, Nutrition, Clinical Medicine, Standards, Post-flight Activities and Rehabilitation, and Training. Each ISS Expedition has a lead Crew Surgeon from NASA and a Russian Crew Surgeon from GCTC assigned to the mission. Day-to-day issues are worked real-time by the flight surgeons and biomedical engineers (also called the Integrated Medical Group) on consoles at the MCC (Mission Control Center) in Houston and the TsUP (Center for Flight Control) in Moscow/Korolev. In the future, this may also include mission control centers in Europe and Japan, when their modules are added onto the ISS. Private medical conferences (PMCs) are conducted regularly and upon crew request with the ISS crew via private audio and video communication links from the biomedical MPSR (multipurpose support room) at MCC Houston. When issues arise in the day-to-day medical support of ISS crews, they are discussed and resolved at the SMOT (space medical operations team) meetings, which occur weekly among the International Partners. Any medical or life science issue that is not resolved at

Expedition 10 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-10-08

Expedition 10 Commander and NASA Science Officer Leroy Chiao, center and Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov toured a museum bearing the name of historic Russian rocket designer Sergei Korolev October 9, 2004 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in advance of their liftoff to the International Space Station October 14. The traditional visit included the signing of their names in commemorative books and a wall at the museum, and touring the cottages nearby where Korolev and Yuri Gagarin slept on the eve of Gagarin's launch April 12, 1961 to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Functional loading test for expert estimation of health candidates in cosmonauts (the innovative approach)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voronkov, Yury; Skedina, Marina; Degterenkova, Natalia; Stepanova, Galina

Long stay of cosmonauts in conditions of International Space Station demands the increased medical control over their health during selection. Various parameters of cardiovascular system (CVS) undergo significant changes both during adaptation to space flight (period of removing into an orbit), directly under conditions of weightlessness and during readaptation to terrestrial environment. The CVS is sensitive indicator of adaptation reaction of total organism. Therefore much attention is given to the research of CVS regulation, its opportunities to adapt to various stress conditions, detection of pre-nozological changes in mechanisms of its regulation. One of the informative methods for detecting problems in CVS regulation is a postural orthostatic test. This work was designed to research regulation of hemodynamics during passive orthostatic test. 21 practically healthy people in the age from 18 to 36 years old have passed the test. During test the following parameters were registered: 12 Lead ECG and the BP, parameters of a myocardium by means of "CardioVisor-06" (CV) device, and also a condition of microcirculatory bloodstream (MCB) was estimated by means of ultrasonic high-frequency dopplerograph "Minimax-Doppler-K" with 20 MHz sensor. The impedance method of rheoencephalography (REG) by means of the "Encephalan-EEGR-13103" device was used to research a cerebral blood circulation. All subjects had normal parameters of ECG during test. However, during analysis data of CV, REG and MCB high tolerability to the test was observed in 14 test subjects. In other 7 subjects dynamics of parameters during test reflected problems in mechanisms of CVS regulation in its separate parts. Changes in parameters of REG and ultrasound in 4 test subjects reflected a hypotensive reaction. The parameter of a tone of arterioles in carotid and vertebral arteries system decreased for 15,3 % and 55,2 % accordingly. The parameters of MCB: average speed, vascular tone and peripheric

Amateur observations of solar eclipses and derivation of scientific data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoev, A. D.; Stoeva, P. V.

2008-12-01

This work presents the educational approach of using total solar eclipse occurrences as a scientific process learning aid. The work reviews the basic scientific aims and experiments included in the observational programs "Total solar eclipse 1999 and 2006" (Stoev, A., Kiskinova, N., Muglova, P. et al. Complex observational programme of the Yuri Gagarin Public Astronomical Observatory and STIL, BAS, Stara Zagora Department for the August 11, 1999 total solar eclipse, in: Total Solar Eclipse 1999 - Observational Programmes and Coordination, Proceedings, Recol, Haskovo, pp. 133-137, 1999a (in Bulgarian); Stoeva, P.V., Stoev, A.D., Kostadinov, I.N. et al. Solar Corona and Atmospheric Effects during the March 29, 2006 Total Solar Eclipse, in: 11th International Science Conference SOLAR-Terrestrial Influences, Sofia, November 24-25, pp. 69-72, 2005). Results from teaching and training the students in the procedures, methods and equipment necessary for the observation of a total solar eclipse (TSE) at the Yuri Gagarin Public Astronomical Observatory (PAO) in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, as well as the selection process used in determining participation in the different observational teams are discussed. The final stages reveal the special methodology used to investigate the level of "pretensions", the levels of ambition displayed by the students in achieving each independent goal, and the setting of goals in context with their problem solving capabilities and information gathering abilities in the scientific observation process. Results obtained from the observational experiments are interpreted mainly in the following themes: Investigation of the structure of the white-light solar corona and evolution of separate coronal elements during the total phase of the eclipse; Photometry of the white-light solar corona and specific emission lines; Meteorological, actinometrical and optical atmospheric investigations; Astrometry of the Moon during the phase evolution of the eclipse and

jsc2012e099593

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-07-07

At the History Museum at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the backup Expedition 32/33 crewmembers share a moment to reflect at the “Gagarin Gazebo” July 7, 2012 where Russian space officials approved Yuri Gagarin to become the first human to fly in space 51 years ago. NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (left), Russian Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency are the backups for NASA’s Sunita Williams, Yuri Malenchenko and Aki Hoshide of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, who will launch to the International Space Station July 15 from the Cosmodrome in their Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

Locomotion Strategy and Magnitude of Ground Reaction Forces During Treadmill Training on ISS.

PubMed

Fomina, Elena; Savinkina, Alexandra

2017-09-01

Creation of the cosmonaut in-flight physical training process is currently based on the leading role of support afferents in the development of hypogravity changes in the motor system. We assume that the strength of support afferents is related to the magnitude of the ground reaction forces (GRF). For this purpose it was necessary to compare the GRF magnitude on the Russian BD-2 treadmill for different locomotion types (walking and running), modes (active and passive), and subjects. Relative GRF values were analyzed while subjects performed walking and running during active and passive modes of treadmill belt movement under 1 G (N = 6) and 0 G (N = 4) conditions. For different BD-2 modes and both types of locomotion, maximum GRF values varied in both 0 G and 1 G. Considerable individual variations were also found in the locomotion strategies, as well as in maximum GRF values. In 0 G, the smallest GRF values were observed for walking in active mode, and the largest during running in passive mode. In 1 G, GRF values were higher during running than while walking, but the difference between active and passive modes was not observed; we assume this was due to the uniqueness of the GRF profile. The maximum GRF recorded during walking and running in active and passive modes depended on the individual pattern of locomotion. The maximum GRF values that we recorded on BD-2 were close to values found by other researchers. The observations from this study could guide individualized countermeasures prescriptions for microgravity.Fomina E, Savinkina A. Locomotion strategy and magnitude of ground reaction forces during treadmill training on ISS. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(9):841-849.

Monitoring of the physical status of Mars-500 subjects as a model of structuring an automated system in support of the training process in an exploration mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fomina, Elena; Savinkina, Alexandra; Kozlovskaya, Inesa; Lysova, Nataliya; Angeli, Tomas; Chernova, Maria; Uskov, Konstantin; Kukoba, Tatyana; Sonkin, Valentin; Ba, Norbert

Physical training sessions aboard the ISS are performed under the permanent continuous control from Earth. Every week the instructors give their recommendations on how to proceed with the training considering the results of analysis of the daily records of training cosmonauts and data of the monthly fitness testing. It is obvious that in very long exploration missions this system of monitoring will be inapplicable. For this reason we venture to develop an automated system to control the physical training process using the current ISS locomotion test parameters as the leading criteria. Simulation of an extended exploration mission in experiment MARS-500 enabled the trial application of the automated system for assessing shifts in cosmonauts’ physical status in response to exercises of varying category and dismissal periods. Methods. Six subjects spent 520 days in the analog of an interplanetary vehicle at IBMP (Moscow). A variety of training regimens and facilities were used to maintain a high level of physical performance of the subjects. The resistance exercises involved expanders, strength training device (MDS) and vibrotraining device (Galileo). The cycling exercises were performed on the bicycle ergometer (VB-3) and a treadmill with the motor in or out of motion. To study the effect of prolonged periods of dismissal from training on physical performance, the training flow was interrupted for a month once in the middle and then at the end of isolation. In addition to the in-flight locomotion test integrated into the automated training control system, the physical status of subjects was attested by analysis of the records of the monthly incremental testing on the bicycle ergometer and MDS. Results. It was demonstrated that the recommended training regimens maintained high physical performance levels despite the limited motor activities in isolation. According to the locomotion testing, the subjects increased velocity significantly and reduced the physiological

STS-71 Shuttle Atlantis landing closeup

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The Space Shuttle orbiter Atlantis makes a smooth touchdown on Runway 15 of the Shuttle Landing Facility, bringing an end to the historic STS-71 mission which featured the first docking between the Space Shuttle and the Russian Mir space station. The chase plane, the Shuttle Training Aircraft flown by Robert D. Cabana, head of the Astronaut Office, is in the upper left of photo. Main gear touchdown of Atlantis was at 10:54:34 a.m. EDT, on July 7, 1995. This was the first of seven scheduled Shuttle/Mir docking missions. The 10-day mission also set the record for having the most people who have flown in an orbiter during a mission: the five U.S. astronauts and two cosmonauts who were launched on Atlantis on June 27, and three space flyers who have been aboard Mir since March 16 and were returned to Earth in Atlantis. The STS-71 crew included Mission Commander Robert L. 'Hoot' Gibson, Pilot Charles J. Precourt, Payload Commander Dr. Ellen S. Baker, and Mission Specialists Bonnie J. Dunbar and Gregory J. Harbaugh. Also part of the STS-71 crew were two cosmonauts who comprise the Mir 19 crew -- Mission Commander Anatoly Y. Solovyev and Flight Engineer Nikolai M. Budarin. They transfered to Mir during the four days of docking operations, and remain there. They replaced the Mir 18 crew of U.S. astronaut and cosmonaut researcher Dr. Norman E. Thagard, and cosmonauts Vladimir N. Dezhurov, who served as mission commander, and Gennadiy M. Strekalov, who served as flight engineer. The Mir crew joined the American STS-71 crew members for the return to Earth on Atlantis.

Crew Interviews: Treschev

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Sergei Treschev is a Cosmonaut of the Rocket Space Corporation Energia, (RSC), from Volynsky District, Lipetsk Region (Russia). He graduated from Moscow Energy Institute. After years of intense training with RSC Energia, he was selected as International Space Station (ISS) Increment 5 flight engineer. The Expedition-Five crew (two Russian cosmonauts and one American astronaut) will stay on the station for approximately 5 months. The Multipurpose Logistics Module, or MPLM, will carry experiment racks and three stowage and resupply racks to the station. The mission will also install a component of the Canadian Arm called the Mobile Base System (MBS) to the Mobile Transporter (MT) installed during STS-110. This completes the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS. The mechanical arm will now have the capability to "inchworm" from the U.S. Lab fixture to the MSS and travel along the Truss to work sites.

Positive psychological outcomes of spaceflight: an empirical study.

PubMed

Ihle, Eva C; Ritsher, Jennifer B; Kanas, Nick

2006-02-01

Anecdotes from astronauts and cosmonauts suggest that spaceflight can be an enriching experience with enduring positive effects. These positive mental health effects may help protect flight crews from the psychological stress inherent in such high-risk missions. The goal of this study was to identify areas of personal growth likely to result from traveling in space and explore how they were patterned. We developed a Positive Effects of Being in Space (PEBS) Questionnaire, which included a section adapted from the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) as well as original items addressing experiences unique to spaceflight. We sent the anonymous questionnaire to 175 astronauts and cosmonauts who had flown on at least 1 mission; completed surveys were returned by 39 individuals. Every respondent had a positive reaction to being in space, the strongest of which related to the Earth's beauty and fragility. Respondents reported changes in both attitudes and behaviors. Respondents appeared to cluster into two groups based on the intensity of their reported changes. Response patterns did not vary by demographic group, number of missions flown, or total elapsed time in space. Overall, our findings support the idea that being in space is a meaningful experience that makes an enduring positive impression on astronauts and cosmonauts. An enhanced understanding of the salutogenic effects of space travel will contribute to the education, training, and support of future space crewmembers.

STS-113 TCDT emergency exit training at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-113 Mission Specialist John Herrington (left) and cosmonaut Nikolai Budarin (center) listen to instructions from a trainer on the emergency egress system on Launch Pad 39A. They are other crew members are taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. The 16th assembly flight to the International Space Station, STS-113 will carry the Port 1 (P1) truss aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour as well as the Expedition 6 crew, who will replace Expedition 5 on the Station. Mission STS-113 is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, 2002.

[Fatty acid composition of the lipids in human blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes during simulation of extravehicular activities of cosmonauts].

PubMed

Skedina, M A; Katuntsev, V P; Buravkova, L B; Naĭdina, V P

1998-01-01

Dynamics of the lipoacidic content of total plasma lipids and erythtocyte membranes was studied in 32 experiments with ten apparently healthy male subjects aged 27 to 41 years who were exposed to repeated decompression from the normal ground down to 40-35 kPa. For two hours of exposure to lowered pressure the subjects were breathing pure oxygen in mask and performing incremental physical work mimicking loading of the upper extremities of cosmonauts doing extravehicular activities (EVA) at the energy cost of 3 kcal/min. Decompression sessions were repeated with intervals from 3 to 5 days. In seven experiments, the subjects developed symptoms of the decompression sickness (DCS). Penetration of gas bubbles (GB) into the pulmonary artery was registered in 27 cases (84.4%). In 24 cases maximal intensity of the US signals from GB reached 3 to 4 Spencer's points. No changes in the lipidoacidic content of blood plasma or erythrocyte membranes were determined following the first exposure to decompression. BY the onset of repeated decompression, total number of lipids in erythrocyte membranes decreased from 54.6 to 40.4 mg% in the group of subjects who had not displayed DCS symptoms (n = 5) and from 51.2 to 35.2 mg% (p < 0.05) in the group of subjects with DCS symptoms (n = 5). In the subjects with DCS, polyunsaturated linoleic acid (18:2) tended to decrease against the upward trend of saturated fatty acids (16:0, 18:0). In these subjects, arachidonic acid in erythrocyte membranes (20:4) decreased following each decompression exposure and significantly increased (p < 0.05) in-between. In both groups, blood plasma showed slight fluctuations in the lipoacidic contents. These data suggest that exposure to the variety of the EVA-simulating factors may entail quite distinct but reversible modifications in the lipid metabolism in blood and the structural/functional state of erythrocyte membranes. The most marked alterations were observed in the subjects with the DCS symptoms

Comparison of Soviet and US space food and nutrition programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ahmed, Selina

1989-01-01

The Soviet Space Food and Nutrition programs are compared with those of the U.S. The Soviets established the first Space Food programs in 1961, when one of the Soviet Cosmonauts experienced eating in zero gravity. This study indicates that some major differences exist between the two space food and nutrition programs regarding dietary habits. The major differences are in recommended nutrient intake and dietary patterns between the cosmonauts and astronauts. The intake of protein, carbohydrates and fats are significantly higher in cosmonaut diets compared to astronauts. Certain mineral elements such as phosphorus, sodium and iron are also significantly higher in the cosmonauts' diets. Cosmonauts also experience intake of certain unconventional food and plant extracts to resist stress and increase stamina.

Expedition 49 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-09-16

Expedition 49 backup crew member Mark Vande Hei takes part in spin chair training during media day on Friday, Sept. 16, 2016 at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Expedition 49 flight engineer Shane Kimbrough of NASA, flight engineer Andrey Borisenko of Roscosmos, and Soyuz commander Sergey Ryzhikov of Roscosmos are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in their Soyuz MS-02 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on September 24 Kazakh time. Photo Credit: (NASA/Victor Zelentsov)

jsc2013e018009

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-03-21

Behind their Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 35-36 Flight Engineer Alexander Misurkin (left), Soyuz Commander Pavel Vinogradov (center) and Flight Engineer Chris Cassidy of NASA (right) pose for pictures March 21 by a replica of a Russian Proton rocket as they train for launch to the International Space Station March 29, Kazakh time, in their Soyuz TMA-08M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a 5 ½ month mission. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmembers Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (left) and Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos share a game of ping-pong June 30 during pre-launch activities. They and Kate Rubins of NASA will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Alexander Vysotsky.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-30

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmembers Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (left) and Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos share a game of ping-pong June 30 during pre-launch activities. They and Kate Rubins of NASA will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

Joint in-flight portrait of the STS-81 and Mir 22 crew on Mir

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-26

STS081-369-003 (12-22 Jan. 1997) --- Traditional inflight crew portrait of the combined Mir-22 and STS-81 crews in the Base Block Module aboard Russia's Mir Space Station. Front row: left to right, Michael A. Baker, commander; John M. Grunsfeld, mission specialist; and cosmonaut Aleksandr Y. Kaleri, Mir-22 flight engineer. Middle row: cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, Mir-22 commander; Marsha S. Ivins, mission specialist; and John E. Blaha, former cosmonaut guest researcher. Back row: Jerry M. Linenger, cosmonaut guest researcher; Peter J. K. (Jeff) Wisoff, mission specialist; and Brent W. Jett, Jr., pilot. Linenger is seen in a Russian jump suit, and Blaha now wears a Space Shuttle inflight garment as the two exchanged cosmonaut guest researcher roles on January 14, 1997, following the docking of the Atlantis and the Mir complex.

Krikalev films Usachev in Node 1

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-17

STS102-340-014 (8-21 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer (left), and cosmonaut Yury V. Usachev, Expedition Two commander, are photographed in the Unity node holding cameras. Cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, Expedition Two commander, joins them as he floats through the tunnel from the Russian-built Zarya control module. All three are associated with Rosaviakosmos.

jsc2014e093279

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-11-18

6103: At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 42/43 crewmember Samantha Cristoforetti of the European Space Agency tests her vestibular system on a tilt table Nov. 18 as part of pre-launch training. Cristoforetti, Terry Virts of NASA and Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) will launch Nov. 24, Kazakh time, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Soyuz TMA-15M spacecraft for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Sergei Fyodorov

The Challenges and Achievements in 50 Years of Human Spaceflight

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hawley, Steven A.

2012-01-01

On April 12, 1961 the era of human spaceflight began with the orbital flight of Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. On May 5, 1961 The United States responded with the launch of Alan Shepard aboard Freedom 7 on the first flight of Project Mercury. The focus of the first 20 years of human spaceflight was developing the fundamental operational capabilities and technologies required for a human mission to the Moon. The Mercury and Gemini Projects demonstrated launch and entry guidance, on-orbit navigation, rendezvous, extravehicular activity, and flight durations equivalent to a round-trip to the Moon. Heroes of this epoch included flight directors Chris Kraft, Gene Kranz, and Glynn Lunney along with astronauts like John Young, Jim Lovell, Tom Stafford, and Neil Armstrong. The "Race to the Moon” was eventually won by the United States with the landing of Apollo 11 on July 20, 1969. The Apollo program was truncated at 11 missions and a new system, the Space Shuttle, was developed which became the focus of the subsequent 30 years. Although never able to meet the flight rate or cost promises made in the 1970s, the Shuttle nevertheless left a remarkable legacy of accomplishment. The Shuttle made possible the launch and servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope and diverse activities such as life science research and classified national security missions. The Shuttle launched more than half the mass ever put into orbit and its heavy-lift capability and large payload bay enabled the on-orbit construction of the International Space Station. The Shuttle also made possible spaceflight careers for scientists who were not military test pilots - people like me. In this talk I will review the early years of spaceflight and share my experiences, including two missions with HST, from the perspective of a five-time flown astronaut and a senior flight operations manager.

Expedition 26 Crew Members in the Node 1

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-12-31

ISS026-E-013632 (31 Dec. 2010) --- Expedition 26 crew members are pictured in the Unity node of the International Space Station on New Year’s Eve. Clockwise from the left are Russian cosmonaut Oleg Skripochka, NASA astronaut Catherine (Cady) Coleman, Russian cosmonaut Alexander Kaleri, all flight engineers; NASA astronaut Scott Kelly, commander; Russian cosmonaut Dmitry Kondratyev and European Space Agency astronaut Paolo Nespoli, both flight engineers.

Long-Duration Space Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Session WA1 includes short reports concerning: (1) Medical and Physiological Studies During 438-Day Space Flights: (2) Human Performance During a 14 Month Space Mission: (3) Homeostasis in Long-Term Microgravity Conditions; (4) Strategy of Preservation of Health of Cosmonauts in Prolonged and Superprolonged Space Flights; (5) Rehabilitation of Cosmonauts Health Following Long-Term Space Missions; and (6) Perfect Cosmonauts: Some Features of Bio-Portrait.

Romanenko looks through a Rodnik Tank in the SM

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-31

ISS034-E-010446 (31 Dec. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, Expedition 34 flight engineer, looks through a Rodnik tank in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. Romanenko performed a water transfer from a Rodnik tank in the Progress to a Rodnik tank in the Zvezda Service Module. Note the multiple refractions of the cosmonaut?s head and shoulders in the bubbles.

Behind their Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Kopra of NASA (left), Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Tim Peake of the European Space Agency (right) pose for pictures Dec. 9 after a traditional tree-planting ceremony. The trio will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-12-09

Behind their Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Kopra of NASA (left), Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Tim Peake of the European Space Agency (right) pose for pictures Dec. 9 after a traditional tree-planting ceremony. The trio will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmember Kate Rubins of NASA takes a spin in a rotating chair to test her vestibular system June 30 as part of pre-launch activities. Rubins, Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Alexander Vysotsky.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-30

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmember Kate Rubins of NASA takes a spin in a rotating chair to test her vestibular system June 30 as part of pre-launch activities. Rubins, Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmembers Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos (foreground) and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency conduct tests of their vestibular system on tilt tables June 30 as part of pre-launch activities. They and Kate Rubins of NASA will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Alexander Vysotsky.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-30

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmembers Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos (foreground) and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency conduct tests of their vestibular system on tilt tables June 30 as part of pre-launch activities. They and Kate Rubins of NASA will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmember Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency takes a spin in a rotating chair to test his vestibular system June 30 as part of pre-launch activities. Onishi, Kate Rubins of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Alexander Vysotsky.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-30

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmember Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency takes a spin in a rotating chair to test his vestibular system June 30 as part of pre-launch activities. Onishi, Kate Rubins of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

Some psychological and engineering aspects of the extravehicular activity of astronauts.

PubMed

Khrunov, E V

1973-01-01

One of the main in-flight problems being fulfilled by astronauts is the preparation for and realization of egress into open space for the purpose of different kinds of extravehicular activity, such as, the performance of scientific experiments, repairing and dismantling operations etc. The astronaut's activity outside the space vehicle is the most difficult item of the space flight programme, which is complicated by a number of space factors affecting a man, viz. dynamic weightlessness, work in a space suit under conditions of excessive pressure, difficulties of space orientation etc. The peculiarities mentioned require special training of the cosmonaut. The physical training involves a series of exercises forming the body-control habits necessary for work in a state of weightlessness. In a new kind of training use is made of equipment simulating the state of weightlessness. From analysis of the available data and the results of my own investigations during ground training and the Soyuz 4 and 5 flights one can establish the following peculiarities of the astronaut's extravehicular activity: (1) Operator response lag in the planned algorithm; (ii) systematic appearance of some stereotype errors in the mounting and dismantling of the outer equipment and in scientific-technical experiments; (iii) a high degree of emotional strain and 30-35% decrease in in-flight working capacity of the astronaut compared with the ground training data; (iv) a positive influence of space adaptation on the cosmonaut and the efficiency of his work in open space; (v) the necessity for further engineering and psychological analysis of the astronaut's activity under conditions of the long space flight of the multi-purpose orbital station. One of the main reasons for the above peculiarities is the violation of the control-coordination functions of the astronaut in the course of the dynamical operations. The paper analyses the extravehicular activity of the astronaut and presents some

Group portrait of Mir 18 crew members

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

This is a portrait of the Mir 18 crew members in civilian clothes. They are (left to right) Norman E. Thagard, astronaut; commander Vladimir N. Dezhurov, cosmonaut; and Gennadiy M. Strekalov, cosmonaut.

Group portrait of Mir 18 crew members

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-05-27

This is a portrait of the Mir 18 crew members in civilian clothes. They are (left to right) Norman E. Thagard, astronaut; commander Vladimir N. Dezhurov, cosmonaut; and Gennadiy M. Strekalov, cosmonaut.

Hormonal regulation of fluid and electrolytes during prolonged bed rest - Implications for microgravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenleaf, John E.

1989-01-01

The results of studies on the physiological changes of body fluids and electrolytes during bed rest with and without exercise training are overviewed to determine the effect of exercise and to assess the role of hormonal regulation in fluid-electrolyte responses to hypogravity. Special attention is given to fluid shifts observed in spacecraft personnel during space missions. It is concluded that, despite an apparent uncoupling of prominent hormonal interactions during bed-rest deconditioning (and, possibly, during microgravity), the exercise-training-induced hypervolemia helps to counter the hypohydrostatic-induced dehydration. Thus, it was found that, after nearly a year of spaceflight during which one cosmonaut exercised for about 4 hr per day, the water balance and physiological functioning were not disturbed significantly.

STS-81 and Mir 22 crews exchange gifts in the Mir Base Block

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-21

STS081-350-013 (12-22 Jan 1997) --- Members of Mir-22 crew show appreciation for small flash lights brought up by the STS-81 crew. Left to right, new cosmonaut guest researcher Jerry M. Linenger, cosmonauts Valeri G. Korzun, mission commander, and Aleksandr Y. Kaleri, flight engineer, along with former cosmonaut guest researcher John E. Blaha. The four are on the Base Block Module of Russia?s Mir Space Station on the eve of the Space Shuttle Atlantis and Mir undocking day.

ASTRONAUT ACTIVITY - APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP) - SOFTWARE - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-08

S75-24108 (8-10 Feb. 1975) --- A group of Apollo-Soyuz Test Project crewmen inspects an Apollo spacesuit during a three-day tour of NASA's Kennedy Space Center. They were at KSC to look over ASTP launch facilities and flight hardware. The six men wearing white caps are, left to right, cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, interpreter K.S. Samofal (far end of table), astronaut Vance D. Brand, cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, cosmonaut Vladimir A. Shatalov and astronaut Donald K. Slayton.

Expedition 43 Preflight

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-06

Expedition 43 prime and backup crews pose for a photograph together in front of St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow as part of traditional pre-launch ceremonies, from left, Expedition 43 backup crew members; NASA Astronaut Jeff Williams, Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), Russian cosmonaut Alexei Ovchinin of Roscosmos, Expedition 43 prime crew members; NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka of Roscosmos, and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko of Roscosmos, Friday, March 6, 2015. Kelly, Padalka, and Kornienko are preparing for launch to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time. As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Change of Command ceremony

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-09-05

ISS044E086857 (09/05/2015) --- Cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (center in red shirt) handed command of the International Space Station to NASA astronaut Scott Kelly (front left with microphone) on Sept. 5, 2015. In the background the rest of the space station crew was on hand (from left to right): ESA(European Space Agency) astronaut Andreas Mogensen (back), Russian cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko, Sergey Volkov and Oleg Kononenko, Kazakh cosmonaut Aidyn Aimbetov, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Kimiya Yui and NASA astronaut Kjell Lindgren.

Horowitz and Dezhurov float into Node 1/Unity from U.S. Laboratory/Destiny

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-08-12

STS105-E-5109 (12 August 2001) --- Scott J. Horowitz (left), STS-105 commander, and cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov, Expedition Three flight engineer, move into Unity Node 1 during the initial ingress into the International Space Station (ISS) during the STS-105 mission. Dezhurov, accompanied by cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin and astronaut Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., will be replacing astronauts Susan J. Helms and James S. Voss and cosmonaut Yury V. Usachev as the temporary residents of the ISS. This image was taken with a digital still camera.

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 prime crewmember Kate Rubins of NASA (left) and her backup, NASA���s Peggy Whitson (right) share a game of chess June 30 during pre-launch activities. Rubins, Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Alexander Vysotsky.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-30

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 prime crewmember Kate Rubins of NASA (left) and her backup, NASA’s Peggy Whitson (right) share a game of chess June 30 during pre-launch activities. Rubins, Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

SELECTING AND TRAINING THE TRAINING OFFICER.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TAYLOR, NANCY

TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING IN INDUSTRY--TECHNICAL AND LIBERAL EDUCATION, SPECIFIC JOB SKILLS, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTITUDES--THE TRAINING OFFICER MUST KNOW THE COMPANY WITHIN WHICH HE IS WORKING, AS WELL AS MANAGEMENT THEORY AND TRAINING METHODS. THE SELECTION OF TRAINING OFFICERS IS BASED ON A JOB SPECIFICATION, AN OUTGROWTH OF A…

International Space Station Human Behavior and Performance Competency Model: Volume II

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmidt, Lacey

2008-01-01

This document further defines the behavioral markers identified in the document "Human Behavior and Performance Competency Model" Vol. I. The Human Behavior and Performance (HBP) competencies were recommended as requirements to participate in international long duration missions, and form the basis for determining the HBP training curriculum for long duration crewmembers. This document provides details, examples, knowledge areas, and affective skills to support the use of the HBP competencies in training and evaluation. This document lists examples and details specific to HBP competencies required of astronauts/cosmonauts who participate in ISS expedition and other international long-duration missions. Please note that this model does not encompass all competencies required. While technical competencies are critical for crewmembers, they are beyond the scope of this document. Additionally, the competencies in this model (and subsequent objectives) are not intended to limit the internal activities or training programs of any international partner.

Disney characters greet prime ASTP crewmen to Florida's Disney World

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Two Walt Disney comic cartoon characters, Donald Duck and Pluto, were on hand to greet a group of Apollo-Soyuz Test Project crewmen on their arrival at Disney World near Orlando. From left, are interpreter K. S. Samofal, interpreter Nicholas Timacheff, Cosmonaut Vladimir A. Shatalov, Astronaut Vance D. Brand, Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov (squeezing Pluto's nose) and Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford. The astronauts and cosmonauts were in Florida for a three-day inspection tour of the Kennedy Space Center where they looked over ASTP launch facilities and flight hardware.

Expedition 23 Docking

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-04-03

The crew of Expedition 23 are seen on a large TV screen in the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia, Sunday, April 4, 2010, shortly after the Soyuz TMA-18 spacecraft docked to the International Space Station and delivered Expedition 23 Flight Engineers Alexander Skvortsov, Mikhail Kornienko and Tracy Caldwell Dyson. Clockwise from top right are NASA astronaut TJ Creamer, NASA astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov, Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Soichi Noguchi and Expedition 23 commander Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kotov . Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Soviet Space Stations as Analogs, Second Edition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bluth, B. J.; Helppie, Martha

1986-01-01

The available literature that discusses the various aspects of the Soviet Salyut 6 and Salyut 7 space staions are examined as related to human productivity. The methodology for this analog was a search of unclassified literature. Additional information was obtained in interviews with the cosmonauts and some Soviet space personnel. Topics include: general layout and design of the spacecraft system; cosmonauts role in maintenance and repair; general layout and design of the Mir complex; effects of the environment on personnel; information and computer systems; organization systems; personality systems; and physical conditin of the cosmonaut.

Foale examines fresh fruit brought to Mir by the STS-86 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-09-27

S86-E-5299 (27 Sept. 1997) --- Astronaut C. Michael Foale, cosmonaut guest researcher, shows his pleasure over a package of fresh fruit brought aboard Russia?s Mir Space Station by the STS-86 crew aboard the space shuttle Atlantis. This photograph captures Foale in his last hours as a cosmonaut guest researcher aboard Mir. Astronaut David A. Wolf, mission specialist, will replace Foale onboard the Mir, as cosmonaut guest researcher. This photograph was taken with the Electronic Still Camera (ESC) at 23:11:26 GMT on Sept. 27, 1997. Photo credit: NASA

Culbertson leads the way from the U.S. Laboratory into Node 1

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-08-12

STS105-E-5108 (12 August 2001) --- Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., Expedition Three mission commander, leads cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov (back top), Expedition Three flight engineer, and Scott J. Horowitz, STS-105 commander, into Unity Node 1 during the initial ingress into the International Space Station (ISS) during the STS-105 mission. Culbertson and Dezhurov, accompanied by cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, will be replacing astronauts Susan J. Helms and James S. Voss and cosmonaut Yury V. Usachev as the temporary residents of the ISS. This image was taken with a digital still camera.

TRAIN-UNIX. Training Records And Information Network UNIX Version

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawrence, M.E.; Crires, J.T.; Johnston, M.

1995-12-01

TRAIN-UNIX is used to track training requirements, qualifications, training completion and schedule training, classrooms and instructors. TRAIN-UNIX is a requirements-based system. When the identified training requirements for specific jobs are entered into the system, the employees manager or responsible training person assigns jobs to an employee. TRAIN-UNIX will then assemble an Individual Training Plan (ITP) with all courses required. ITP`s can also be modified to add any special training directed or identified by management, best business practices, procedures, etc. TRAIN-UNIX also schedules and tracks conferences, seminars, and required reading. TRAIN-UNIX is a secure database system on a server accessible viamore » the network. Access to the user functions (scheduling, data entry, ITP modification etc.) within TRAIN-UNIX are granted by function, as needed, by the system administrator. An additional level of security allows those who access TRAIN-UNIX to only add, modify or view information for the organizations to which they belong. TRAIN-UNIX scheduling function allows network access to scheduling of students. As a function of the scheduling process, TRAIN-UNIX checks to insure that the student is a valid employee, not double booked, and the instructor and classroom are not double booked. TRAIN-UNIX will report pending lapse of courses or qualifications. This ability to know the lapse of training along with built in training requesting function allows the training deliverers to forecast training needs.« less

"Training Floors" and "Training Ceilings": Metonyms for Understanding Training Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Felstead, Alan; Jewson, Nick

2014-01-01

This article outlines a conceptual framework for mapping and understanding training trends. It uses the metonyms of floors and ceilings to distinguish between different types of training configurations. The argument is made that the ups and downs of employer reports of training activity are a crude basis on which to make judgements about the…

Army Training: Efforts to Adjust Training Requirements Should Consider the Use of Virtual Training Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-01

ARMY TRAINING Efforts to Adjust Training Requirements Should Consider the Use of Virtual Training Devices Report...Requirements Should Consider the Use of Virtual Training Devices What GAO Found In 2010, the Army began modifying its training priorities and goals to...until fiscal year 2017. The Army has taken some steps to improve the integration of virtual training devices into operational training, but gaps in

Criterion-based laparoscopic training reduces total training time.

PubMed

Brinkman, Willem M; Buzink, Sonja N; Alevizos, Leonidas; de Hingh, Ignace H J T; Jakimowicz, Jack J

2012-04-01

The benefits of criterion-based laparoscopic training over time-oriented training are unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare these types of training based on training outcome and time efficiency. During four training sessions within 1 week (one session per day) 34 medical interns (no laparoscopic experience) practiced on two basic tasks on the Simbionix LAP Mentor virtual-reality (VR) simulator: 'clipping and grasping' and 'cutting'. Group C (criterion-based) (N = 17) trained to reach predefined criteria and stopped training in each session when these criteria were met, with a maximum training time of 1 h. Group T (time-based) (N = 17) trained for a fixed time of 1 h each session. Retention of skills was assessed 1 week after training. In addition, transferability of skills was established using the Haptica ProMIS augmented-reality simulator. Both groups improved their performance significantly over the course of the training sessions (Wilcoxon signed ranks, P < 0.05). Both groups showed skill transferability and skill retention. When comparing the performance parameters of group C and group T, their performances in the first, the last and the retention training sessions did not differ significantly (Mann-Whitney U test, P > 0.05). The average number of repetitions needed to meet the criteria also did not differ between the groups. Overall, group C spent less time training on the simulator than did group T (74:48 and 120:10 min, respectively; P < 0.001). Group C performed significantly fewer repetitions of each task, overall and in session 2, 3 and 4. Criterion-based training of basic laparoscopic skills can reduce the overall training time with no impact on training outcome, transferability or retention of skills. Criterion-based should be the training of choice in laparoscopic skills curricula.

Problems of humanization in cosmonautics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bul'Diaev, G. A.

1992-03-01

The paper discusses the ways of improving humanization of space-related science and technology projects, using the development of the space-rocket industry as an example. Consideration is given to ways of optimizing the military space-rocket programs with respect to minimizing environmental pollution and losses to arable and pasture land and maximizing benefits from rockets for scientific and agricultural programs. It is noted that the present economical crisis makes the continuation of the space project Buran not rational and that money saved would be better spent on the further development of the Energiia-series carriers. Attention is also given to work done on redirecting the research and technology for military projects toward civilian-type projects, on commercialization of these projects, and on further development of cooperation with foreign space programs and initiation of new cooperative projects.

Strength Training. A Key to Athletic Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whiteside, Patricia W.

Characteristics of an effective strength training program are analyzed and descriptions are offered of different kinds of weight training activities. Comparisons are made between concentric, isometric, eccentric, and isokinetic training methods. The fundamentals and techniques of an exemplary training program are outlined and the organization and…

Optimal Physical Training During Military Basic Training Period.

PubMed

Santtila, Matti; Pihlainen, Kai; Viskari, Jarmo; Kyröläinen, Heikki

2015-11-01

The goal for military basic training (BT) is to create a foundation for physical fitness and military skills of soldiers. Thereafter, more advanced military training can safely take place. Large differences in the initial physical performance of conscripts or recruits have led military units to develop more safe and effective training programs. The purpose of this review article was to describe the limiting factors of optimal physical training during the BT period. This review revealed that the high volume of low-intensity physical activity combined with endurance-type military training (like combat training, prolonged physical activity, and field shooting) during BT interferes with optimal development of maximal oxygen uptake and muscle strength of the soldiers. Therefore, more progressive, periodized, and individualized training programs are needed. In conclusion, optimal training programs lead to higher training responses and lower risks for injuries and overloading.

President Ford and both the Soviet and American ASTP crews

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

President Gerald R. Ford removes the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft model from a model set depicting the 1975 Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), an Earth orbital docking and rendezvous mission with crewmen from the U.S. and USSR. From left to right, Vladamir A. Shatalov, Chief, Cosmonaut training; Valeriy N. Kubasov, ASTP Soviet engineer; Aleksey A. Leonov, ASTP Soviet crew commander; Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; Donald K. Slayton, American docking module pilot; Vance D. Brand, command module pilot for the American crew. Dr. George M Low, Deputy Administrator for NASA is partially obscured behind President Ford.

Russian Countermeasure Systems for Adverse Effects of Microgravity on Long-Duration ISS Flights.

PubMed

Kozlovskaya, Inessa B; Yarmanova, E N; Yegorov, A D; Stepantsov, V I; Fomina, E V; Tomilovaskaya, E S

2015-12-01

The system of countermeasures for the adverse effects of microgravity developed in the USSR supported the successful implementation of long-duration spaceflight (LDS) programs on the Salyut and Mir orbital stations and was subsequently adapted for flights on the International Space Station (ISS). From 2000 through 2010, crews completed 26 ISS flight increments ranging in duration from 140 to 216 d, with the participation of 27 Russian cosmonauts. These flights have made it possible to more precisely determine a crew-member's level of conditioning, better assess the advantages and disadvantages of training processes, and determine prospects for future developments.

jsc2014e049622

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-05-21

11-52-21: At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 40/41 Soyuz Commander Max Suraev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left) and NASA Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman (right) try their hand at a game of Ping-Pong May 21 as they head into the homestretch of their pre-launch training. Suraev, Wiseman and Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (right) will launch on May 29, Kazakh time, on the Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

last ATV docking OBT

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-08-07

ISS040-E-089629 (7 Aug. 2014) --- In the International Space Station?s Zvezda Service Module, European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst (foreground) and Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov, both Expedition 40 flight engineers, participate in a training session in preparation for the rendezvous and docking of ESA?s fifth and final Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-5). Nicknamed the ?Georges Lemaitre? in honor of the Belgian physicist and astronomer who first proposed the Big Bang theory, ATV-5 will deliver more than seven tons of scientific experiments, food and other supplies when it docks to the aft end of Zvezda on Aug. 12.

last ATV docking OBT

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-08-07

ISS040-E-089627 (7 Aug. 2014) --- In the International Space Station?s Zvezda Service Module, European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst (foreground) and Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov, both Expedition 40 flight engineers, participate in a training session in preparation for the rendezvous and docking of ESA?s fifth and final Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-5). Nicknamed the ?Georges Lemaitre? in honor of the Belgian physicist and astronomer who first proposed the Big Bang theory, ATV-5 will deliver more than seven tons of scientific experiments, food and other supplies when it docks to the aft end of Zvezda on Aug. 12.

BASF: Training and Advanced Training 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heinz, Volker

1979-01-01

Describes the many government-sponsored training programs and facilities operated by a large German chemical company, in-plant and in their vocational school and laboratories, which provide vocational training and employment opportunities in various trades for school leavers as well as advanced training for skilled workers. (MF)

View of Expedition 21 Crew Members trimming hair in the Destiny Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-10-11

ISS021-E-005070 (11 Oct. 2009) --- Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko, Expedition 21 flight engineer, trims Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev's hair in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Romanenko used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020596 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, deploys a small ball-shaped science satellite during a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, also moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021284 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021296 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021028 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020884 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, Expedition 32 flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Malenchenko and Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (out of frame), commander, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021078 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, uses a still camera during a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020610 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021024 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021058 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, Expedition 32 flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Malenchenko and Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (out of frame), commander, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021085 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020619 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, uses a still camera during a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020576 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020594 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021081 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020601 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, deploys a small ball-shaped science satellite during a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, also moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021072 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, uses a still camera during a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020856 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, Expedition 32 flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Malenchenko and Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (out of frame), commander, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020683 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021037 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020581 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021293 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, Expedition 32 flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Malenchenko and Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (out of frame), commander, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-020892 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, Expedition 32 flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Malenchenko and Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (out of frame), commander, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021054 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, Expedition 32 flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Malenchenko and Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (out of frame), commander, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021080 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Russian EVA-31 spacewalk

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-08-20

ISS032-E-021067 (20 Aug. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, uses a still camera during a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station. During the five-hour, 51-minute spacewalk, Padalka and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (out of frame), flight engineer, moved the Strela-2 cargo boom from the Pirs docking compartment to the Zarya module to prepare Pirs for its eventual replacement with a new Russian multipurpose laboratory module. The two spacewalking cosmonauts also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on the exterior of the Zvezda service module and deployed a small science satellite.

Disney characters greet prime ASTP crewmen to Florida's Disney World

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-08

S75-24114 (8-10 Feb. 1975) --- Two Walt Disney comic cartoon characters, Donald Duck and Pluto, were on hand to greet a group of Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) crewmen on their arrival at Disney World near Orlando. From left, are interpreter K. S. Samofal, interpreter Nicholas Timacheff, cosmonaut Vladimir A. Shatalov, astronaut Vance D. Brand, astronaut Donald K. Slayton, cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov (squeezing Pluto's nose) and astronaut Thomas P. Stafford. The astronauts and cosmonauts were in Florida for a three-day inspection tour of NASA's Kennedy Space Center where they looked over ASTP launch facilities and flight hardware.

Dynamic training devices in CRM training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawver, J.

1984-01-01

Pilot training effectiveness and flying safety of a seasonal tour flight company are described. The change from single pilot to two pilot operated twin otters is examined. The use of the ATC 810 training device, its possibilities and training capacity is outlined. Problem areas which may arise, emergency system and pilot/passenger interaction are analyzed.

The experience in operation and improving the Orlan-type space suits.

PubMed

Abramov, I P

1995-07-01

Nowadays significant experience has been gained in Russia concerning extravehicular activity (EVA) with cosmonauts wearing a semi-rigid space suit of the "Orlan" type. The conditions for the cosmonauts' vital activities, the operational and ergonomic features of the space suit and its reliability are the most critical factors defining the efficiency of the scheduled operation to be performed by the astronaut and his safety. As the missions performed by the cosmonauts during EVA become more and more elaborate, the requirements for EVA space suits and their systems become more and more demanding, resulting in their consistent advancement. This paper provides certain results of the space suit's operation and analysis of its major problems as applied to the Salyut and MIR orbiting stations. The modification steps of the space suit in the course of operation (Orlan-D, Orlan-DM, Orlan-DMA) and its specific features are presented. The concept of the suited cosmonauts' safety is described as well as trends for future space suit improvements.

Combined Cognitive Training vs. Memory Strategy Training in Healthy Older Adults.

PubMed

Li, Bing; Zhu, Xinyi; Hou, Jianhua; Chen, Tingji; Wang, Pengyun; Li, Juan

2016-01-01

As mnemonic utilization deficit in older adults associates with age-related decline in executive function, we hypothesized that memory strategy training combined with executive function training might induce larger training effect in memory and broader training effects in non-memory outcomes than pure memory training. The present study compared the effects of combined cognitive training (executive function training plus memory strategy training) to pure memory strategy training. Forty healthy older adults were randomly assigned to a combined cognitive training group or a memory strategy training group. A control group receiving no training was also included. Combined cognitive training group received 16 sessions of training (eight sessions of executive function training followed by eight sessions of memory strategy training). Memory training group received 16 sessions of memory strategy training. The results partly supported our hypothesis in that indeed improved performance on executive function was only found in combined training group, whereas memory performance increased less in combined training compared to memory strategy group. Results suggest that combined cognitive training may be less efficient than pure memory training in memory outcomes, though the influences from insufficient training time and less closeness between trained executive function and working memory could not be excluded; however it has broader training effects in non-memory outcomes. www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR-OON-16007793.

Combined Cognitive Training vs. Memory Strategy Training in Healthy Older Adults

PubMed Central

Li, Bing; Zhu, Xinyi; Hou, Jianhua; Chen, Tingji; Wang, Pengyun; Li, Juan

2016-01-01

As mnemonic utilization deficit in older adults associates with age-related decline in executive function, we hypothesized that memory strategy training combined with executive function training might induce larger training effect in memory and broader training effects in non-memory outcomes than pure memory training. The present study compared the effects of combined cognitive training (executive function training plus memory strategy training) to pure memory strategy training. Forty healthy older adults were randomly assigned to a combined cognitive training group or a memory strategy training group. A control group receiving no training was also included. Combined cognitive training group received 16 sessions of training (eight sessions of executive function training followed by eight sessions of memory strategy training). Memory training group received 16 sessions of memory strategy training. The results partly supported our hypothesis in that indeed improved performance on executive function was only found in combined training group, whereas memory performance increased less in combined training compared to memory strategy group. Results suggest that combined cognitive training may be less efficient than pure memory training in memory outcomes, though the influences from insufficient training time and less closeness between trained executive function and working memory could not be excluded; however it has broader training effects in non-memory outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR-OON-16007793. PMID:27375521

A systematic approach to training: A training needs assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manning, Margaret H.

1989-01-01

In an effort to determine the gap between the actual performance and the necessary performance of employees for the effective and efficient accomplishment of an organization's mission and goals, an organization-wide Training Needs Assessment must be conducted. The purpose of this work was to conduct a training needs analysis and prepare a NASA Langley Catalog of On-Site Training programs. The work included developing a Training Needs Assessment Survey, implementing the survey, analyzing and researching the training needs, identifying the courses to meet the needs, and preparing and designing an On-Site Training Catalog. This needs analysis attempted to identify performance weaknesses and deficits; seek out and provide opportunities for improved performance; anticipate and avoid future problems; enhance and create new strengths. The end product is a user-friendly catalog of on-site training available. The results include: top-down approach to needs assessment; improved communication with training coordinators; 98 percent return rate of the Training Needs Assessment survey; complete, newly designed, user-friendly catalog; 167 catalog descriptions advertised; 82 new courses advertised; training logo; and request for the training application form.

Haircut day

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-07-04

ISS036-E-014568 (4 July 2013) --- Russian cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin, Expedition 36 flight engineer, trims the hair of Russian cosmonaut Alexander Misurkin, flight engineer, in the Unity node of the International Space Station. Yurchikhin used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair.

Hair cut

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-10

ISS033-E-018991 (10 Nov. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Oleg Novitskiy, Expedition 33 flight engineer, trims the hair of Russian cosmonaut Evgeny Tarelkin, flight engineer, in the Tranquility node of the International Space Station. Novitskiy used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair.

[A tracking function of human eye in microgravity and during readaptation to earth's gravity].

PubMed

Kornilova, L N

2001-01-01

The paper summarizes results of electro-oculography of all ways of visual tracking: fixative eye movements (saccades), smooth pursuit of linearly, pendulum-like and circularly moving point stimuli, pursuit of vertically moving foveoretinal optokinetic stimuli, and presents values of thresholds and amplification coefficients of the optokinetic nystagmus during tracking of linear movement of foveoretinal optokinetic stimuli. Investigations were performed aboard the Salyut and Mir space stations with participation of 31 cosmonauts of whom 27 made long-term (76 up to 438 day) and 4 made short-term (7 to 9 day) missions. It was shown that in space flight the saccadic structure within the tracking reaction does not change; yet, corrective movements (additional microsaccades to achieve tracking) appeared in 47% of observations at the onset and in 76% of observations on months 3 to 6 of space flight. After landing, the structure of vertical saccades was found altered in half the cosmonauts. No matter in or after flight, reverse nystagmus was present along with the gaze nystagmus during static saccades in 22% (7 cosmonauts) of the observations. Amplitude of tracking vertically, diagonally or circularly moving stimuli was significantly reduced as period on mission increased. Early in flight (40% of the cosmonauts) and shortly afterwards (21% of the cosmonauts) the structure of smooth tracking reaction was totally broken up, that is eye followed stimulus with micro- or macrosaccades. The structure of smooth eye tracking recovered on flight days 6-8 and on postflight days 3-4. However, in 46% of the cosmonauts on long-term missions the structure of smooth eye tracking was noted to be disturbed periodically, i.e. smooth tracking was replaced by saccadic.

Thematic content analysis of work-family interactions: Retired cosmonauts’ reflections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Phyllis J.; Asmaro, Deyar; Suedfeld, Peter; Gushin, Vadim

2012-12-01

Anecdotal evidence and qualitative research attest to the importance of work-family interactions pre-, during and post-missions. This study uses thematic content analysis to quantify characteristics of work-family interactions and how these changed by stage of cosmonauts' career, identifying the effect of space career variables (e.g., time in space and station) on such interactions during and post-career. Using a thematic scoring scheme developed for this study, we coded work-family interactions identified from interviews with 20 retired male cosmonauts. The majority of work-family interactions were ones in which work overlapped into family life and work hindered or interfered with the family situation. The most common resolution was that family adjusted to work, and the mood or tone about this outcome was almost equally divided among negative, positive and neutral. Changes in work-family interactions and their resolution over the cosmonaut's life showed that the significant interactions were most evident during the cosmonaut career. Although the cosmonaut career has high work demands, it did adjust for family when the need arose. The Russian Space Agency (RKS) eased the impact of the periodic absences, especially through regular communication sessions. Positive work-family interactions, i.e., work or family helping the opposite role, were more likely for those who had been on ISS, not Mir, and for those whose last flight was after 2000. Our data reflect retired cosmonauts' recollections of work-family interactions during their career. Examples of work overlapping into family life and work viewed as interfering with family life were possibly more salient or better remembered than work or family helping the other role.

25 CFR 26.30 - Does the Job Training Program provide part-time training or short-term training?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Does the Job Training Program provide part-time training or short-term training? 26.30 Section 26.30 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES JOB PLACEMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAM Training Services § 26.30 Does the Job Training...

TRX Suspension Training: A New Functional Training Approach for Older Adults - Development, Training Control and Feasibility.

PubMed

Gaedtke, Angus; Morat, Tobias

Because of its proximity to daily activities functional training becomes more important for older adults. Sling training, a form of functional training, was primarily developed for therapy and rehabilitation. Due to its effects (core muscle activation, strength and balance improvements), sling training may be relevant for older adults. However, to our knowledge no recent sling training program for healthy older adults included a detailed training control which is indeed an essential component in designing and implementing this type of training to reach positive effects. The purpose of this study was to develop a TRX Suspension Training for healthy older adults (TRX-OldAge) and to evaluate its feasibility. Eleven participants finished the 12 week intervention study. All participants trained in the TRX-OldAge whole-body workout which consists of seven exercises including 3-4 progressively advancing stages of difficulty for every exercise. At each stage, intensity could be increased through changes in position. Feasibility data was evaluated in terms of training compliance and a self-developed questionnaire for rating TRX-OldAge. The training compliance was 85 %. After study period, 91 % of the participants were motivated to continue with the program. The training intensity, duration and frequency were rated as optimal. All participants noted positive effects whereas strength gains were the most. On the basis of the detailed information about training control, TRX-OldAge can be individually adapted for each older adult appropriate to its precondition, demands and preference.

Soviet space flight: the human element.

PubMed

Garshnek, V

1988-05-01

Building on past experience and knowledge, the Soviet manned space flight effort has become broad, comprehensive, and forward-looking. Their long-running space station program has provided the capabilities to investigate long-term effects of microgravity on human physiology and behavior and test various countermeasures against microgravity-induced physiological deconditioning. Since the beginning of Soviet manned space flight, the biomedical training and preparation of cosmonauts has evolved from a process that increased human tolerance to space flight factors, to a system of interrelated measures to prepare cosmonauts physically and psychologically to live and work in space. Currently, the Soviet Union is constructing a multimodular space station, the Mir. With the emergence of dedicated laboratory modules, the Soviets have begun the transition from small-scale experimental research to large-scale production activities and specialized scientific work in space. In the future, additional laboratory modules will be added, including one dedicated to biomedical research, called the "Medilab." The longest manned space flight to date (326 days) has been completed by the Soviets. The biomedical effects of previous long-duration flights, and perhaps those of still greater length, may contribute important insight ito the possibility of extended missions beyond Earth, such as a voyage to Mars.

The Training Evaluation Inventory (TEI)--Evaluation of Training Design and Measurement of Training Outcomes for Predicting Training Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ritzmann, Sandrina; Hagemann, Vera; Kluge, Annette

2014-01-01

Training evaluation in research and organisational contexts is vital to ensure informed decisions regarding the value of training. The present study describes the development of a valid and reliable training evaluation inventory (TEI), as it does not exist so far. The objectives were a) to construct an instrument that is theoretically and…

Kononenko, Padalka and Acaba in Columbus

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-05-17

ISS031-E-081658 (17 May 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (background) and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, both Expedition 31 flight engineers, are pictured during a crew safety briefing in the Columbus laboratory to familiarize them with the potential hazards and available safety measures onboard the International Space Station. Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko (mostly out of frame at left), commander, conducted the briefing. Out of frame are European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, NASA astronaut Don Pettit and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin, all flight engineers. The event took place shortly after Padalka, Revin and Acaba docked with the space station in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft.

Mir 21 crew portraits

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-07-14

S95-16674 (14 July 1995) --- On the left is the Mir-21 crew consisting of cosmonaut Yuriy V. Usachov (standing), flight engineer; Yuriy I. Onufriyenko (seated), commander; and Shannon W. Lucid, cosmonaut guest researcher. On the right side is the Mir-23 crew consisting of John E. Blaha (standing), cosmonaut guest researcher; Vasili V. Tsibliyev (seated), commander; and Aleksandr I. Lazutkin, flight engineer. NASA astronauts Lucid and Blaha each will go into space to board Russia's Mir Space Station for lengthy research on their respective missions. Lucid will board the Mir during the STS-76 mission. Blaha will replace Lucid onboard the Mir during the STS-79 mission.

DTO 1118 - Survey of the Mir Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-01-29

STS089-714-072 (22-31 Jan. 1998) --- A series of 70mm still shots was recorded of Russia's Mir Space Station from the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Endeavour following undocking of the two spacecraft. Onboard the Mir at this point were cosmonaut Anatoly Y. Solovyev, commander; Pavel V. Vinogradov, flight engineer; and Andrew S. W. Thomas, cosmonaut guest researcher. Onboard Endeavour were Terrence W. (Terry) Wilcutt, commander; Joe F. Edwards Jr., pilot; Bonnie J. Dunbar, payload commander; mission specialists David A. Wolf (former cosmonaut guest researcher), Michael P. Anderson, James F. Reilly, and Salizhan S. Sharipov, representing Russian Space Agency (RSA). Photo credit: NASA

Modifications of spontaneous oculomotor activity in microgravitational conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kornilova, L. N.; Goncharenko, A. M.; Polyakov, V. V.; Grigorova, V.; Manev, A.

Investigations on spontaneous oculomotor activity were carried out prior to and after (five cosmonauts) and during space flight (two cosmonauts) on the 3rd, 5th and 164th days of the space flight. Recording of oculomotor activity was carried out by electrooculography on automated data acquisition and processing system "Zora" based on personal computers. During the space flight and after it all the cosmonauts with the eyes closed or open and dark-goggled showed an essential increase of the movements' amplitude when removing the eyes into the extreme positions especially in a vertical direction, occurrence of correcting saccadic movements (or nystagmus), an increase in time of fixing reactions.

Signing ISS RS Handover Protocol

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-09

ISS040-E-123948 (9 Sept. 2014) --- In the Zvezda Service Module, Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev (right), Expedition 41 commander, signs a ceremonial document as the new commander of the International Space Station following the traditional Change of Command Ceremony. Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov, Expedition 40 flight engineer, looks on.

Padalka spins a box of chocolates as Kaleri looks on in the SM during EXP 9 / EXP 8

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-04-22

ISS008-E-22002 (22 April 2004) --- Cosmonaut Gennady I. Padalka, Expedition 9 commander, spins a box of chocolates as cosmonaut Alexander Y. Kaleri, Expedition 8 flight engineer, looks on in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Padalka and Kaleri represent Russia’s Federal Space Agency.

STS-105 and Expedition Three crews pose for photo at Launch Pad 39A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews pose at Launch Pad 39A after training exercises. Pictured (left to right) are STS-105 Mission Specialists Patrick Forrester and Daniel Barry and Commander Scott Horowitz; Expedition Three Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov; and STS-105 Pilot Rick Sturckow. Both crews are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The training includes emergency egress, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, which is seen in the background. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001.

KSC-01pp1308

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-105 Mission Specialist Daniel T. Barry is ready to take the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Other STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester; and the Expedition Three crew, Commander Frank Culbertson, and cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-01pp1309

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The STS-105 and Expedition Three crews pose in front of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. From left to right, they are STS-105 Commander Scott Horowitz, Mission Specialist Daniel Barry, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester; Expedition Three Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-01pp1306

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Expedition Three crew Commander Frank Culbertson is behind the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. The STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the other Expedition Three crew members: cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-01pp1312

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Expedition Three crew Commander Frank Culbertson gives a thumbs up before taking the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. The STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the other Expedition Three crew members: cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-01pp1305

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Expedition Three crew member Mikhail Tyurin is ready to take the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. The STS-105 crew members taking part are Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the other Expedition Three crew members: Commander Frank Culbertson and cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov . Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

KSC-01pp1310

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-105 Commander Scott Horowitz is ready to take the wheel of the M-113 armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training at the pad. The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Other STS-105 crew members taking part are Pilot Rick Sturckow and Mission Specialists Daniel Barry and Patrick Forrester; and the Expedition Three crew, Commander Frank Culbertson, and cosmonauts Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov and Mikhail Tyurin. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

Preferences of Training Performance Measurement: A Comparative Study of Training Professionals and Non-Training Managers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Diane D.

2004-01-01

This survey-based study addressed a perceived gap between training performance evaluation practice and decision-making criteria required in business. Training professionals and non-training managers in North Carolina were surveyed. The study found that the groups differ in the performance measures that motivate them to act on training issues.…

Effect of Exercise Training and +Gz Acceleration Training on Men

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenleaf, John E.; Simonson, Shawn R.; Stocks, Jodie M.; Evans, Joyce; Knapp, Charles F.; Cowell, Stephenie A.; Pemberton, Kendra N.; Wilson, Heather W.; Vener, Jamie M.; Evetts, Simon N.

2001-01-01

Countermeasures for reduction in work capacity (maximal oxygen uptake and strength) during spaceflight and enhanced orthostatic intolerance during re-entry, landing and egress from the return vehicle are continuing problems. The purpose for this study was to test the hypothesis that passive-acceleration training; supine, interval, exercise plus acceleration training and exercise combined with acceleration training would improve orthostatic tolerance in ambulatory men; and that addition of the aerobic exercise conditioning would not alter this improved tolerance from that of passive-acceleration training. Seven men (24-38 yr) underwent "Passive" training on the Ames human-powered centrifuge (HPC) for 30 min, "Exercise" training on the cycle ergometer with constant +Gz acceleration; and "Combined" exercise training at 40% to 90% of the HPC +Gz(max) exercise level. Maximal supine exercise loads increased significant (P<0.05) by 8.3% (Passive), 12.6% (Exercise), and by 15.4% (Combined) after training, but their post-training maximal oxygen uptakes and maximal heart rates were unchanged. Maximal time to fatigue (endurance) was unchanged with Passive was increased (P<0.05) with Exercise and Combined training. Thus, the exercise in the Exercise and Combined training Phases resulted in greater maximal loads and endurance without effect on maximal oxygen uptake or heart rate. There was a 4% to 6% increase (P<0.05) in all four quadriceps muscle volumes (right and left) after post-Combined training. Resting pre-tilt heart rate was elevated by 12.9% (P<0.05) only after Passive training suggesting that the exercise training attenuated the HR response. Plasma volume (% Delta) was uniformly decreased by 8% to 14% (P<0.05) at tilt-tolerance pre- vs. post-training indicating essentially no effect of training on the level of hypovolemia. Post-training tilt-tolerance time and heart rate were increased (P<0.05) only with Passive training by 37.8% and by 29.1%, respectively. Thus

Advanced training systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Savely, Robert T.; Loftin, R. Bowen

1990-01-01

Training is a major endeavor in all modern societies. Common training methods include training manuals, formal classes, procedural computer programs, simulations, and on-the-job training. NASA's training approach has focussed primarily on on-the-job training in a simulation environment for both crew and ground based personnel. NASA must explore new approaches to training for the 1990's and beyond. Specific autonomous training systems are described which are based on artificial intelligence technology for use by NASA astronauts, flight controllers, and ground based support personnel that show an alternative to current training systems. In addition to these specific systems, the evolution of a general architecture for autonomous intelligent training systems that integrates many of the features of traditional training programs with artificial intelligence techniques is presented. These Intelligent Computer Aided Training (ICAT) systems would provide much of the same experience that could be gained from the best on-the-job training.

49 CFR 236.566 - Locomotive of each train operating in train stop, train control or cab signal territory; equipped.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic Train Stop, Train Control and... controlled, of each train operating in automatic train stop, train control, or cab signal territory shall be..., train control or cab signal territory; equipped. 236.566 Section 236.566 Transportation Other...

49 CFR 236.566 - Locomotive of each train operating in train stop, train control or cab signal territory; equipped.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic Train Stop, Train Control and... controlled, of each train operating in automatic train stop, train control, or cab signal territory shall be..., train control or cab signal territory; equipped. 236.566 Section 236.566 Transportation Other...

Expedition 23 Launch Day

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-04-01

Expedition 23 Flight Engineer Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko, right, receives the traditional blessing from a Russian Orthodox priest at the Cosmonaut Hotel on the morning of the launch of Expedition 23 on a Soyuz rocket to the International Space Station, Friday, April 2, 2010 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls) 

Yurchikhin gives Kotov a haircut in the Node 1 during Expedition 15

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-05-13

ISS015-E-07565 (13 May 2007) --- Cosmonaut Fyodor N. Yurchikhin, Expedition 15 commander, trims cosmonaut Oleg V. Kotov's hair in the Unity node of the International Space Station. Yurchikhin used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair. Kotov, flight engineer, and Yurchikhin represent Russia's Federal Space Agency.

Yurchikhin gives Kotov a haircut in the Node 1 during Expedition 15

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-05-13

ISS015-E-07566 (13 May 2007) --- Cosmonaut Fyodor N. Yurchikhin, Expedition 15 commander, trims cosmonaut Oleg V. Kotov's hair in the Unity node of the International Space Station. Yurchikhin used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair. Kotov, flight engineer, and Yurchikhin represent Russia's Federal Space Agency.

A sustainable model for training teachers to use pivotal response training.

PubMed

Suhrheinrich, Jessica

2015-08-01

The increase in the rate of autism diagnoses has created a growing demand for teachers who are trained to use effective interventions. The train-the-trainer model, which involves training supervisors to train others, may be ideal for providing cost-effective training and ongoing support to teachers. Although research supports interventions, such as pivotal response training, as evidence-based, dissemination to school environments has been problematic. This study assessed the benefits of using the train-the-trainer model to disseminate pivotal response training to school settings. A multiple-baseline design was conducted across three training groups, each consisting of one school staff member (trainer), three special education teachers, and six students. Trainers conducted the teacher-training workshop with high adherence to training protocol and met mastery criteria in their ability to implement pivotal response training, assess implementation of pivotal response training, and provide feedback to teachers. Six of the nine teachers mastered all components of pivotal response training. The remaining three teachers implemented 89% of the pivotal response training components correctly. The majority of trainers and teachers maintained their abilities at follow-up. These results support the use of the train-the-trainer model as an effective method of disseminating evidence-based practices in school settings. © The Author(s) 2014.

Automatic Train Operation Using Autonomic Prediction of Train Runs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asuka, Masashi; Kataoka, Kenji; Komaya, Kiyotoshi; Nishida, Syogo

In this paper, we present an automatic train control method adaptable to disturbed train traffic conditions. The proposed method presumes transmission of detected time of a home track clearance to trains approaching to the station by employing equipment of Digital ATC (Automatic Train Control). Using the information, each train controls its acceleration by the method that consists of two approaches. First, by setting a designated restricted speed, the train controls its running time to arrive at the next station in accordance with predicted delay. Second, the train predicts the time at which it will reach the current braking pattern generated by Digital ATC, along with the time when the braking pattern transits ahead. By comparing them, the train correctly chooses the coasting drive mode in advance to avoid deceleration due to the current braking pattern. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method regarding driving conditions, energy consumption and reduction of delays by simulation.

Training propositional reasoning.

PubMed

Klauer, K C; Meiser, T; Naumer, B

2000-08-01

Two experiments compared the effects of four training conditions on propositional reasoning. A syntactic training demonstrated formal derivations, in an abstract semantic training the standard truth-table definitions of logical connectives were explained, and a domain-specific semantic training provided thematic contexts for the premises of the reasoning task. In a control training, an inductive reasoning task was practised. In line with the account by mental models, both kinds of semantic training were significantly more effective than the control and the syntactic training, whereas there were no significant differences between the control and the syntactic training, nor between the two kinds of semantic training. Experiment 2 replicated this pattern of effects using a different set of syntactic and domain-specific training conditions.

Training Costs with Reference to the Industrial Training Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garbutt, Douglas

Provisions and implications of the British Industrial Training Act of 1964 (including the system of training grants and levies) are set forth. Procedures for accounting and budgeting for training costs, routines for collecting training information, documents (budgets, cost sheets, control statements) for collecting and controlling costs, means of…

Advancing hypoxic training in team sports: from intermittent hypoxic training to repeated sprint training in hypoxia.

PubMed

Faiss, Raphaël; Girard, Olivier; Millet, Grégoire P

2013-12-01

Over the past two decades, intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), that is, a method where athletes live at or near sea level but train under hypoxic conditions, has gained unprecedented popularity. By adding the stress of hypoxia during 'aerobic' or 'anaerobic' interval training, it is believed that IHT would potentiate greater performance improvements compared to similar training at sea level. A thorough analysis of studies including IHT, however, leads to strikingly poor benefits for sea-level performance improvement, compared to the same training method performed in normoxia. Despite the positive molecular adaptations observed after various IHT modalities, the characteristics of optimal training stimulus in hypoxia are still unclear and their functional translation in terms of whole-body performance enhancement is minimal. To overcome some of the inherent limitations of IHT (lower training stimulus due to hypoxia), recent studies have successfully investigated a new training method based on the repetition of short (<30 s) 'all-out' sprints with incomplete recoveries in hypoxia, the so-called repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). The aims of the present review are therefore threefold: first, to summarise the main mechanisms for interval training and repeated sprint training in normoxia. Second, to critically analyse the results of the studies involving high-intensity exercises performed in hypoxia for sea-level performance enhancement by differentiating IHT and RSH. Third, to discuss the potential mechanisms underpinning the effectiveness of those methods, and their inherent limitations, along with the new research avenues surrounding this topic.

38 CFR 21.4265 - Practical training approved as institutional training or on-job training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... objective of practical nurse, practical trained nurse, or licensed practical nurse will be assessed as... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Practical training... Administration of Educational Assistance Programs Courses § 21.4265 Practical training approved as institutional...

38 CFR 21.4265 - Practical training approved as institutional training or on-job training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... objective of practical nurse, practical trained nurse, or licensed practical nurse will be assessed as... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Practical training... Administration of Educational Assistance Programs Courses § 21.4265 Practical training approved as institutional...

38 CFR 21.4265 - Practical training approved as institutional training or on-job training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... objective of practical nurse, practical trained nurse, or licensed practical nurse will be assessed as... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Practical training... Administration of Educational Assistance Programs Courses § 21.4265 Practical training approved as institutional...

38 CFR 21.4265 - Practical training approved as institutional training or on-job training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... objective of practical nurse, practical trained nurse, or licensed practical nurse will be assessed as... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Practical training... Administration of Educational Assistance Programs Courses § 21.4265 Practical training approved as institutional...

38 CFR 21.4265 - Practical training approved as institutional training or on-job training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... objective of practical nurse, practical trained nurse, or licensed practical nurse will be assessed as... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Practical training... Administration of Educational Assistance Programs Courses § 21.4265 Practical training approved as institutional...

Crew Movie Night

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-09-19

ISS045e019776 (09/19/2015) --- International Space Station Expedition 45 crewmembers watch an advance screening of "The Martian" movie in the Unity Node 1. Clockwise from left, are Russian cosmonauts flight engineers Oleg Kononenko and Sergei Volkov, NASA astronaut Commander Scott Kelly, and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko. This image was released on social media.

The efficacy of stuttering measurement training: evaluating two training programs.

PubMed

Bainbridge, Lauren A; Stavros, Candace; Ebrahimian, Mineh; Wang, Yuedong; Ingham, Roger J

2015-04-01

Two stuttering measurement training programs currently used for training clinicians were evaluated for their efficacy in improving the accuracy of total stuttering event counting. Four groups, each with 12 randomly allocated participants, completed a pretest-posttest design training study. They were evaluated by their counts of stuttering events on eight 3-min audiovisual speech samples from adults and children who stutter. Stuttering judgment training involved use of either the Stuttering Measurement System (SMS), Stuttering Measurement Assessment and Training (SMAAT) programs, or no training. To test for the reliability of any training effect, SMS training was repeated with the 4th group. Both SMS-trained groups produced approximately 34% improvement, significantly better than no training or the SMAAT program. The SMAAT program produced a mixed result. The SMS program was shown to produce a "medium" effect size improvement in the accuracy of stuttering event counts, and this improvement was almost perfectly replicated in a 2nd group. Half of the SMAAT judges produced a 36% improvement in accuracy, but the other half showed no improvement. Additional studies are needed to demonstrate the durability of the reported improvements, but these positive effects justify the importance of stuttering measurement training.

Human Behaviour in Long-Term Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

In this session, Session WP1, the discussion focuses on the following topics: Psychological Support for International Space Station Mission; Psycho-social Training for Man in Space; Study of the Physiological Adaptation of the Crew During A 135-Day Space Simulation; Interpersonal Relationships in Space Simulation, The Long-Term Bed Rest in Head-Down Tilt Position; Psychological Adaptation in Groups of Varying Sizes and Environments; Deviance Among Expeditioners, Defining the Off-Nominal Act in Space and Polar Field Analogs; Getting Effective Sleep in the Space-Station Environment; Human Sleep and Circadian Rhythms are Altered During Spaceflight; and Methodological Approach to Study of Cosmonauts Errors and Its Instrumental Support.

Expedition 6 crew group photo during TCDT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The Expedition 6 crew poses for a photo on 195-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure on Launch Pad 39A. From left are astronaut Donald Pettit, Commander Ken Bowersox and cosmonaut Nikolai Budarin. Along with the STS-113 crew, they have been participating in emergency egress training, part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities in preparation for their launch. The 16th assembly flight to the International Space Station, STS-113 will carry the Port 1 (P1) truss aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, as well as Expedition 6, who will replace Expedition 5 on the Station. The mission is scheduled to launch Nov. 10, 2002.

jsc2014e049623

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-05-21

11-52-53: At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 40/41 backup crewmember Terry Virts of NASA (left) and prime crewmember and Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (right) try their hand at a game of Ping-Pong May 21 as they head into the homestretch of their pre-launch training. Gerst, Soyuz Commander Max Suraev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and NASA Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman will launch on May 29, Kazakh time, on the Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

Expedition 43 Soyuz Rollout

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-25

A Security team walks the railroad tracks ahead of the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft as it is rolled out by train to the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, Wednesday, March 25, 2015. NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, and Russian Cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko, and Gennady Padalka of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time (March 27 Eastern time.) As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Train-to-train impact test : occupant protection experiments

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-11-17

This paper describes the results of the occupant protection experiments included as part of the train-to-train impact test conducted at the Transportation Technology Center in Pueblo, Colorado on January 31, 2002. In this test, a cab car-led train, i...

Training Effectiveness of The Inertial Training and Measurement System

PubMed Central

Naczk, Mariusz; Brzenczek-Owczarzak, Wioletta; Arlet, Jarosław; Naczk, Alicja; Adach, Zdzisław

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of inertial training with different external loads using a new original device - the Inertial Training and Measurement System (ITMS). Forty-six physical education male students were tested. The participants were randomly divided into three training groups and a control group (C group). The training groups performed inertial training with three different loads three times weekly for four weeks. The T0 group used only the mass of the ITMS flywheel (19.4 kg), the T5 and T10 groups had an additional 5 and 10 kg on the flywheel, respectively. Each training session included three exercise sets involving the shoulder joint adductors. Before and after training, the maximal torque and power were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer during adduction of the shoulder joint. Simultaneously, the electromyography activity of the pectoralis major muscle was recorded. Results of the study indicate that ITMS training induced a significant increase in maximal muscle torque in the T0, T5, T10 groups (15.5%, 13.0%, and 14.0%, respectively). Moreover, ITMS training caused a significant increase in power in the T0, T5, T10 groups (16.6%, 19.5%, and 14.5%, respectively). The percentage changes in torque and power did not significantly differ between training groups. Electromyography activity of the pectoralis major muscle increased only in the T0 group after four weeks of training. Using the ITMS device in specific workouts allowed for an increase of shoulder joint adductors torque and power in physical education students. PMID:25713662

An Archival Research Comparing Learning Effectiveness and Training Transfer Perceptions between Classroom Technical Training and Synchronous Online Technical Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Charles L.

2016-01-01

Synchronous online training has become one of the preferred training modes for organizations. Despite organizations increasing their use of online training, there is still little data to confirm that synchronous online technical training is as effective as classroom technical training for training transfer. Although learning effectiveness between…

[ESTIMATION OF IONIZING RADIATION EFFECTIVE DOSES IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION CREWS BY THE METHOD OF CALCULATION MODELING].

PubMed

Mitrikas, V G

2015-01-01

Monitoring of the radiation loading on cosmonauts requires calculation of absorbed dose dynamics with regard to the stay of cosmonauts in specific compartments of the space vehicle that differ in shielding properties and lack means of radiation measurement. The paper discusses different aspects of calculation modeling of radiation effects on human body organs and tissues and reviews the effective dose estimates for cosmonauts working in one or another compartment over the previous period of the International space station operation. It was demonstrated that doses measured by a real or personal dosimeters can be used to calculate effective dose values. Correct estimation of accumulated effective dose can be ensured by consideration for time course of the space radiation quality factor.

Annotation: neurofeedback - train your brain to train behaviour.

PubMed

Heinrich, Hartmut; Gevensleben, Holger; Strehl, Ute

2007-01-01

Neurofeedback (NF) is a form of behavioural training aimed at developing skills for self-regulation of brain activity. Within the past decade, several NF studies have been published that tend to overcome the methodological shortcomings of earlier studies. This annotation describes the methodical basis of NF and reviews the evidence base for its clinical efficacy and effectiveness in neuropsychiatric disorders. In NF training, self-regulation of specific aspects of electrical brain activity is acquired by means of immediate feedback and positive reinforcement. In frequency training, activity in different EEG frequency bands has to be decreased or increased. Training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) addresses the regulation of cortical excitability. NF studies revealed paradigm-specific effects on, e.g., attention and memory processes and performance improvements in real-life conditions, in healthy subjects as well as in patients. In several studies it was shown that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) improved behavioural and cognitive variables after frequency (e.g., theta/beta) training or SCP training. Neurophysiological effects could also be measured. However, specific and unspecific training effects could not be disentangled in these studies. For drug-resistant patients with epilepsy, significant and long-lasting decreases of seizure frequency and intensity through SCP training were documented in a series of studies. For other child psychiatric disorders (e.g., tic disorders, anxiety, and autism) only preliminary investigations are available. There is growing evidence for NF as a valuable treatment module in neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, controlled studies are necessary to establish clinical efficacy and effectiveness and to learn more about the mechanisms underlying successful training.

Advancing hypoxic training in team sports: from intermittent hypoxic training to repeated sprint training in hypoxia

PubMed Central

Faiss, Raphaël; Girard, Olivier; Millet, Grégoire P

2013-01-01

Over the past two decades, intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), that is, a method where athletes live at or near sea level but train under hypoxic conditions, has gained unprecedented popularity. By adding the stress of hypoxia during ‘aerobic’ or ‘anaerobic’ interval training, it is believed that IHT would potentiate greater performance improvements compared to similar training at sea level. A thorough analysis of studies including IHT, however, leads to strikingly poor benefits for sea-level performance improvement, compared to the same training method performed in normoxia. Despite the positive molecular adaptations observed after various IHT modalities, the characteristics of optimal training stimulus in hypoxia are still unclear and their functional translation in terms of whole-body performance enhancement is minimal. To overcome some of the inherent limitations of IHT (lower training stimulus due to hypoxia), recent studies have successfully investigated a new training method based on the repetition of short (<30 s) ‘all-out’ sprints with incomplete recoveries in hypoxia, the so-called repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). The aims of the present review are therefore threefold: first, to summarise the main mechanisms for interval training and repeated sprint training in normoxia. Second, to critically analyse the results of the studies involving high-intensity exercises performed in hypoxia for sea-level performance enhancement by differentiating IHT and RSH. Third, to discuss the potential mechanisms underpinning the effectiveness of those methods, and their inherent limitations, along with the new research avenues surrounding this topic. PMID:24282207

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, DC.

This booklet contains Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) training requirements, excerpted from OSHA standards. The booklet is designed to help employers, safety and health professionals, training directors, and others who need to know training requirements. (Requirements for posting information, warning signs, labels, and the…

Training high performance skills using above real-time training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guckenberger, Dutch; Uliano, Kevin C.; Lane, Norman E.

1993-01-01

The Above Real-Time Training (ARTT) concept is a unique approach to training high performance skills. ARTT refers to a training paradigm that places the operator in a simulated environment that functions at faster than normal time. Such a training paradigm represents a departure from the intuitive, but not often supported, feeling that the best practice is determined by the training environment with the highest fidelity. This approach is hypothesized to provide greater 'transfer value' per simulation trial, by incorporating training techniques and instructional features into the simulator. These techniques allow individuals to acquire these critical skills faster and with greater retention. ARTT also allows an individual trained in 'fast time' to operate at what appears to be a more confident state, when the same task is performed in a real-time environment. Two related experiments are discussed. The findings appear to be consistent with previous findings that show positive effects of task variation during training. Moreover, ARTT has merit in improving or maintaining transfer with sharp reductions in training time. There are indications that the effectiveness of ARTT varies as a function of task content and possibly task difficulty. Other implications for ARTT are discussed along with future research directions.

The Efficacy of Stuttering Measurement Training: Evaluating Two Training Programs

PubMed Central

Bainbridge, Lauren A.; Stavros, Candace; Ebrahimian, Mineh; Wang, Yuedong

2015-01-01

Purpose Two stuttering measurement training programs currently used for training clinicians were evaluated for their efficacy in improving the accuracy of total stuttering event counting. Method Four groups, each with 12 randomly allocated participants, completed a pretest–posttest design training study. They were evaluated by their counts of stuttering events on eight 3-min audiovisual speech samples from adults and children who stutter. Stuttering judgment training involved use of either the Stuttering Measurement System (SMS), Stuttering Measurement Assessment and Training (SMAAT) programs, or no training. To test for the reliability of any training effect, SMS training was repeated with the 4th group. Results Both SMS-trained groups produced approximately 34% improvement, significantly better than no training or the SMAAT program. The SMAAT program produced a mixed result. Conclusions The SMS program was shown to produce a “medium” effect size improvement in the accuracy of stuttering event counts, and this improvement was almost perfectly replicated in a 2nd group. Half of the SMAAT judges produced a 36% improvement in accuracy, but the other half showed no improvement. Additional studies are needed to demonstrate the durability of the reported improvements, but these positive effects justify the importance of stuttering measurement training. PMID:25629956

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 backup crewmember Peggy Whitson of NASA waters a tree in her name first planted in 2007 during traditional pre-launch activities June 30. Whitson is one of three backups to the prime crewmembers, Kate Rubins of NASA, Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, who will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Alexander Vysotsky.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-30

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 backup crewmember Peggy Whitson of NASA waters a tree in her name first planted in 2007 during traditional pre-launch activities June 30. Whitson is one of three backups to the prime crewmembers, Kate Rubins of NASA, Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, who will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

Behind the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Kopra of NASA (left) plants a tree at a site bearing his name Dec. 9 in a traditional pre-launch ceremony. Looking on are his crewmates, Tim Peake of the European Space Agency (center) and Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, right). The trio will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-12-09

Behind the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Kopra of NASA (left) plants a tree at a site bearing his name Dec. 9 in a traditional pre-launch ceremony. Looking on are his crewmates, Tim Peake of the European Space Agency (center) and Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, right). The trio will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmembers Kate Rubins of NASA (left), Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos (center) and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (right) pose for pictures June 30 after Rubins and Onishi, both first-time fliers, planted trees in their names in traditional pre-launch activities. Rubins, Ivanishin and Onishi will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Alexander Vysotsky.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-30

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmembers Kate Rubins of NASA (left), Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos (center) and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (right) pose for pictures June 30 after Rubins and Onishi, both first-time fliers, planted trees in their names in traditional pre-launch activities. Rubins, Ivanishin and Onishi will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

Behind the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Peake of the European Space Agency (center) plants a tree at a site bearing his name Dec. 9 in a traditional pre-launch ceremony. Looking on are his crewmates, Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left, and Tim Kopra of NASA (right). The trio will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-12-09

Behind the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Peake of the European Space Agency (center) plants a tree at a site bearing his name Dec. 9 in a traditional pre-launch ceremony. Looking on are his crewmates, Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left, and Tim Kopra of NASA (right). The trio will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

STS-60 crewmembers and alternates during pre-flight press conference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Three members of the STS-60 crew and an alternate crew member discuss their upcoming mission with the news media in JSC's public affairs facility. Seated from the left are Charles F. Bolden Jr., mission commander; Russian Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, mission specialist; Russian Cosmonaut Vladimir Titov, alternate mission specialist; interpreter Vladimir Fischel and Astronaut Kenneth S. Reightler, pilot.

ATV group pictures

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-27

Expedition 37 crewmembers pose for a crew portrait in front of a banner depicting Albert Einstein - the scientist for whom the ATV is named. From l.-r.:Russian cosmonauts Sergey Ryazanskiy and Oleg Kotov,European Space Agency astronaut Luca Parmitano,Astronaut Karen Nyberg (all flight engineers),Cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin (mission commander) and Astronaut Michael Hopkins (flight engineer).

Hair cut

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-10

ISS033-E-018986 (10 Nov. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Evgeny Tarelkin, Expedition 33 flight engineer, trims the hair of Russian cosmonaut Oleg Novitskiy, flight engineer, in the Tranquility node of the International Space Station. Tarelkin used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair. NASA astronaut Kevin Ford, flight engineer, is visible in the background.

Tyurin packs the docking probe in Node 1 during Expedition Three

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-09-17

ISS003-E-5632 (17 September 2001) --- Cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, Expedition Three flight engineer, packs the docking probe in a stowage bag in Unity. Cosmonaut Vladimir Dezhurov, flight engineer, videotapes the event. The docking probe successfully guided the arrival of the Russian-built Pirs docking compartment to the International Space Station (ISS). Tyurin and Dezhurov represent Rosaviakosmos.

Officer Training Research and Implications for Executive Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haverland, Edgar M.

A pragmatic approach to the problem of training military supervisors of technical personnel is suggested for executive training. In the end-product system performance point of view, the job is defined and structured by detailed task description. Training involves the statement of precise and specific objectives. (author/ly)

The Relative Effectiveness of Training Methods for Attaining Training Objectives: Current Opinion of Training Practitioners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shoenfelt, Elizabeth L.; And Others

This study replicated the earlier survey efforts of Carroll, Paine, and Ivancevich (1972) and Neider (1981) on the relative effectiveness among practitioners of various training methods for attaining different training objectives. Ten training methods were assessed: (1) computer aided instruction (CAI); (2) programmed instruction; (3) lecture…

Training Needs Analysis. A Resource for Identifying Training Needs, Selecting Training Strategies, and Developing Training Plans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartram, Sharon; Gibson, Brenda

Designed as a practical tool for trainers, this manual contains 22 instruments and documents for gathering and processing information about training and development issues within an organization. Part one of the two-part manual examines the process of identifying and analyzing training needs. It reviews the different types of information the…

Administrators' Roles in Training Programs and Training Transfer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ismail, Azman; Hua, Ng Kueh; Ismail, Yusof; Samah, Ainon Jauhariah Abu; Bakar, Rixal Abu; Ibrahim, Nurshahira

2015-01-01

An administrator plays a vital role in the growth and development of his/her subordinates. Despite this notion, the role of an administrator in the context of training programs and transfer of training is not well studied. Therefore, this study is set to examine the relationship between administrator's role in training programs and training…

Who Should Train? Substituting Civilian-Provided Training for Military Training

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

estimate, vocational, trade, and business schools - both public and private-provided qualifying training for approxi- mately 1.11 million technical...lower for minorities and economically disadvantaged students ’virt et al., 1989). 11 larly reliant on public vocational, trade, and business schools include...Several technical occupations are particularly reliant on private voca- tional, technical, and business schools for qualifying training, includ- ing

Interval Training

MedlinePlus

Healthy Lifestyle Fitness Interval training can help you get the most out of your workout. By Mayo Clinic Staff Are you ready to shake ... spending more time at the gym? Consider aerobic interval training. Once the domain of elite athletes, interval training ...

Private Training Providers: Their Characteristics and Training Activities. Support Document

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Roger; Simons, Michele; McCarthy, Carmel

2006-01-01

This document was produced by the authors based on their research for the report, "Private Training Providers: Their Characteristics and Training Activities," [ED495181] and is an added resource for further information. That study examined the nature of the training activity of private registered training organisations (RTOs) offered to…

KSC-01pp1334

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-07-19

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- On the 195-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure, Launch Pad 39A, the STS-105 and Expedition Three crews listen to instructions about use of the slidewire basket, part of emergency egress training at the pad. From left are Expedition Three Commander Frank Culbertson, STS-105 Pilot Rick Sturckow; cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov; Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester, Commander Scott Horowitz and Mission Specialist Daniel Barry. Both crews are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency egress training, a simulated launch countdown and familiarization with the payload. Mission STS-105 will be transporting the Expedition Three crew, several payloads and scientific experiments to the International Space Station aboard Discovery. The current Expedition Two crew members on the Station will return to Earth on Discovery. Launch of Discovery is scheduled no earlier than Aug. 9, 2001

Payload Crew Training Complex (PCTC) utilization and training plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Self, M. R.

1980-01-01

The physical facilities that comprise the payload crew training complex (PCTC) are described including the host simulator; experiment simulators; Spacelab aft flight deck, experiment pallet, and experiment rack mockups; the simulation director's console; payload operations control center; classrooms; and supporting soft- and hardware. The parameters of a training philosophy for payload crew training at the PCTC are established. Finally the development of the training plan is addressed including discussions of preassessment, and evaluation options.

26 CFR 301.7516-1 - Training and training aids on request.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Training and training aids on request. 301.7516... the United States § 301.7516-1 Training and training aids on request. The Commissioner is authorized... conducted by the Internal Revenue Service, and to supply them with texts and other training aids. Requests...

26 CFR 301.7516-1 - Training and training aids on request.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Training and training aids on request. 301.7516... the United States § 301.7516-1 Training and training aids on request. The Commissioner is authorized... conducted by the Internal Revenue Service, and to supply them with texts and other training aids. Requests...

26 CFR 301.7516-1 - Training and training aids on request.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Training and training aids on request. 301.7516... the United States § 301.7516-1 Training and training aids on request. The Commissioner is authorized... conducted by the Internal Revenue Service, and to supply them with texts and other training aids. Requests...

26 CFR 301.7516-1 - Training and training aids on request.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Training and training aids on request. 301.7516... the United States § 301.7516-1 Training and training aids on request. The Commissioner is authorized... conducted by the Internal Revenue Service, and to supply them with texts and other training aids. Requests...

A Sustainable Model for Training Teachers to Use Pivotal Response Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suhrheinrich, Jessica

2015-01-01

The increase in the rate of autism diagnoses has created a growing demand for teachers who are trained to use effective interventions. The train-the-trainer model, which involves training supervisors to train others, may be ideal for providing cost-effective training and ongoing support to teachers. Although research supports interventions, such…

Device for mass measurement under zero-gravity conditions.

PubMed

Sarychev, V A; Sazonov, V V; Zlatorunsky, A S; Khlopina, S F; Egorov, A D; Somov, V I

1980-06-01

The problem considered in this paper is the investigation of the properties of a mass-meter, i.e. the device for determining the mass of cosmonaut's body under zero-gravity conditions. The estimates of accuracy of mass measurement by this device are given, and the results of measuring the masses of cosmonauts' bodies on the Salyut 5 and 6 orbital stations are presented.

iss042e306480

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-07

ISS042E306480 (03/07/2015) --- A meeting of the minds aboard the International Space Station on Mar. 7, 2015 with members of Expedition 42; astronauts US, Barry Wilmore (Commander) Top, Upside down, to the right cosmonaut Elena Serova, & ESA European Space Agency Samantha Cristoforetti. Bottom center US astronaut Terry Virts, top left cosmonauts Alexander Samokutyaev and Anton Shkaplerov.

Soyuz TMA-12M/38S Spacecraft attached to parachute

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-11

ISS041-E-000003 (11 Sept. 2014) --- A close-up view of a computer monitor onboard the International Space Station, photographed by an Expedition 41 crew member, shows the landing of the Soyuz TMA-12M spacecraft with NASA astronaut Steve Swanson, Expedition 40 commander; Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov, Soyuz commander and flight engineer; and Russian cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev, flight engineer, onboard.

Training Funds and the Incidence of Training: The Case of Mauritius

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuku, Oluyemisi; Orazem, Peter F.; Rojid, Sawkut; Vodopivec, Milan

2016-01-01

Training funds are used to incentivize training in developing countries, but the funds are based on payroll taxes that lower the return to training. In the absence of training funds, larger, high-wage and more capital-intensive firms are the most likely to offer training unless they are liquidity constrained. If firms are not liquidity…

DTO 1118 - Survey of the Mir Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-01-29

STS089-714-066 (22-31 Jan. 1998) --- A series of 70mm still shots was recorded of Russia's Mir Space Station from the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Endeavour following undocking of the two spacecraft. A large blanket of white clouds cover thousands of square miles in this oblique panorama. Onboard the Mir at this point were cosmonaut Anatoly Y. Solovyev, commander; Pavel V. Vinogradov, flight engineer; and Andrew S. W. Thomas, cosmonaut guest researcher. Onboard Endeavour were Terrence W. (Terry) Wilcutt, commander; Joe F. Edwards Jr., pilot; Bonnie J. Dunbar, payload commander; mission specialists David A. Wolf (former cosmonaut guest researcher), Michael P. Anderson, James F. Reilly, and Salizhan S. Sharipov representing Russian Space Agency (RSA). Photo credit: NASA

DTO 1118 - Survey of the Mir Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-01-29

STS089-716-019 (22-31 Jan. 1998) --- A series of 70mm still shots was recorded of Russia's Mir Space Station from the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Endeavour following undocking of the two spacecraft. Among the medium close-ups of Mir, this survey view was provided during a "fly-around" by Endeavour. Onboard the Mir at this point were cosmonaut Anatoly Y. Solovyev, commander; Pavel V. Vinogradov, flight engineer; and Andrew S. W. Thomas, cosmonaut guest researcher. Onboard Endeavour were Terrence W. (Terry) Wilcutt, commander; Joe F. Edwards Jr., pilot; Bonnie J. Dunbar, payload commander; mission specialists David A. Wolf (former cosmonaut guest researcher), Michael P. Anderson, James F. Reilly, and Salizhan S. Sharipov representing Russian Space Agency (RSA). Photo credit: NASA