Characterization of Pectins Extracted from Different Varieties of Pink/Red and White Grapefruits [Citrus Paradisi (Macf.)] by Thermal Treatment and Thermosonication.

PubMed

La Cava, Enzo L; Gerbino, Esteban; Sgroppo, Sonia C; Gómez-Zavaglia, Andrea

2018-06-01

The physical and chemical properties of pectin extracts obtained from different white and pink/red varieties of grapefruit [Citrus paradisi (Macf.)], using both conventional heating (CHE) and thermosonication (TS), were investigated. The content of galacturonic acid (GalA), degree of esterification (%DM), color and antioxidant capacity were analyzed. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) associated with multivariate analysis enabled a structural comparison among the pectin extracts, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) completed a full landscape of the investigated extracts. Pectin extracts obtained by CHE showed mostly higher GalA than those obtained by TS. All the extracts had a high antioxidant capacity, as determined by 2,2 diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH * ) and 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS * +) assays, and a high correlation with the GalA content. The main differences observed in the FTIR spectra occurred in the 1200 to 900 cm -1 region (differences in GalA). The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of all extracts were above 85 °C, making them interesting as stabilizing agents for the food industry. A wide database for the characterization of pectin extracts from grapefruits was obtained. The relationship between the extraction method and the source of pectins, with the physicochemical and antioxidant properties provided great support for their application in the food industry. © 2018 Institute of Food Technologists®.

The Use of Poly-4-Hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) Scaffold in the Ptotic Breast: A Multicenter Clinical Study.

PubMed

Adams, William P; Baxter, Richard; Glicksman, Caroline; Mast, Bruce A; Tantillo, Michael; Van Natta, Bruce W

2018-04-06

Mastopexy and reduction mammaplasty are often limited by the patient's poor native soft tissue quality, resulting in ptosis recurrence and loss of rejuvenated surgical results. Surgical scaffolds and acellular dermal matrices are used in these procedures to provide physical and mechanical stabilization of weakened or compromised tissue. GalaFLEX scaffold, made from poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), is a next-generation product for soft tissue reinforcement that resorbs gradually while aiding tissue regeneration to achieve excellent outcomes. To assess the clinical performance of GalaFLEX scaffold in soft tissue reinforcement during elective mastopexy and reduction mammaplasty. This multicenter, single-arm, observational study assessed product performance and outcomes of GalaFLEX scaffold when used in breast surgery. Outcomes included ptosis correction and maintenance, associated adverse events, patient and surgeon satisfaction, and mammographic and ultrasound imaging evaluation. At 6 centers in the US, 62 of 69 enrolled patients were treated. Of this population, 89.7% had successful ptosis correction and maintenance at 1 year, with high patient and surgeon satisfaction for breast shape, droop/sag of the breast, and maintenance of results at 1 year. There were 5 adverse events deemed related to the device (8.0%), including nerve pain, breast swelling, ptosis, and 2 instances of asymmetry. GalaFLEX scaffold safely and successfully supports and elevates breast tissue in mastopexy and reduction mammaplasty, with maintained support at 1 year. Surgeon and patient satisfaction were high. No mammogram or ultrasound interference was detected.

Trainable structure-activity relationship model for virtual screening of CYP3A4 inhibition.

PubMed

Didziapetris, Remigijus; Dapkunas, Justas; Sazonovas, Andrius; Japertas, Pranas

2010-11-01

A new structure-activity relationship model predicting the probability for a compound to inhibit human cytochrome P450 3A4 has been developed using data for >800 compounds from various literature sources and tested on PubChem screening data. Novel GALAS (Global, Adjusted Locally According to Similarity) modeling methodology has been used, which is a combination of baseline global QSAR model and local similarity based corrections. GALAS modeling method allows forecasting the reliability of prediction thus defining the model applicability domain. For compounds within this domain the statistical results of the final model approach the data consistency between experimental data from literature and PubChem datasets with the overall accuracy of 89%. However, the original model is applicable only for less than a half of PubChem database. Since the similarity correction procedure of GALAS modeling method allows straightforward model training, the possibility to expand the applicability domain has been investigated. Experimental data from PubChem dataset served as an example of in-house high-throughput screening data. The model successfully adapted itself to both data classified using the same and different IC₅₀ threshold compared with the training set. In addition, adjustment of the CYP3A4 inhibition model to compounds with a novel chemical scaffold has been demonstrated. The reported GALAS model is proposed as a useful tool for virtual screening of compounds for possible drug-drug interactions even prior to the actual synthesis.

A novel mutation in the thyroglobulin gene that causes goiter and dwarfism in Wistar Hannover GALAS rats.

PubMed

Sato, Akira; Abe, Kuniya; Yuzuriha, Misako; Fujii, Sakiko; Takahashi, Naofumi; Hojo, Hitoshi; Teramoto, Shoji; Aoyama, Hiroaki

2014-04-01

Outbred stocks of rats have been used extensively in biomedical, pharmaceutical and/or toxicological studies as a model of genetically heterogeneous human populations. One of such stocks is the Wistar Hannover GALAS rat. However, the colony of Wistar Hannover GALAS rat has been suspected of keeping a problematic mutation that manifests two distinct spontaneous abnormalities, goiter and dwarfism, which often confuses study results. We have successfully identified the responsible mutation, a guanine to thymine transversion at the acceptor site (3' end) of intron 6 in the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene (Tgc.749-1G>T), that induces a complete missing of exon 7 from the whole Tg transcript by mating experiments and subsequent molecular analyses. The following observations confirmed that Tgc.749-1G>T/Tgc.749-1G>T homozygotes manifested both dwarfism and goiter, while Tgc.749-1G>T/+ heterozygotes had only a goiter with normal appearance, suggesting that the mutant phenotypes inherit as an autosomal semi-dominant trait. The mutant phenotypes, goiter and dwarfism, mimicked those caused by typical endocrine disrupters attacking the thyroid. Hence a simple and reliable diagnostic methodology has been developed for genomic DNA-based genotyping of animals. The diagnostic methodology reported here would allow users of Wistar Hannover GALAS rats to evaluate their study results precisely by carefully interpreting the data obtained from Tgc.749-1G>T/+ heterozygotes having externally undetectable thyroidal lesions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ESO 50th Anniversary Gala Dinner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirey, R.

2012-12-01

To formally mark the 50th anniversary of the signing of the ESO Convention, a gala dinner was held in the Munich Residenz. A brief report of the event is presented and the speeches are reproduced. The speakers were the President of the Council, Xavier Barcons; the German Minister for Education and Research, Prof. Dr Annette Schavan; the Bavarian State Minister for Science, Research and the Arts, Dr Wolfgang Heubisch; physics Nobel Laureate, Brian Schmidt; the current Director General, Tim de Zeeuw and the Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs, Alfredo Moreno Charme.

Effects of dynamic controlled atmosphere by respiratory quotient on some quality parameters and volatile profile of 'Royal Gala' apple after long-term storage.

PubMed

Both, Vanderlei; Thewes, Fabio Rodrigo; Brackmann, Auri; de Oliveira Anese, Rogerio; de Freitas Ferreira, Daniele; Wagner, Roger

2017-01-15

The effects of dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) storage based on chlorophyll fluorescence (DCA-CF) and respiratory quotient (DCA-RQ) on the quality and volatile profile of 'Royal Gala' apple were evaluated. DCA storage reduces ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) oxidase activity, ethylene production and respiration rate of apples stored for 9months at 1.0°C plus 7days at 20°C, resulting in higher flesh firmness, titratable acidity and lesser physiological disorders, and provided a higher proportion of healthy fruit. Storage in a regular controlled atmosphere gave higher levels of key volatiles (butyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate and hexyl acetate), as compared to fruit stored under DCA-CF, but fruit stored under DCA-RQ 1.5 and RQ 2.0 also showed higher amounts of key volatile compounds, with increment in ethanol and ethyl acetate, but far below the odour threshold. Storage in DCA-CF reduces fruit ester production, especially 2-methylbutyl acetate, which is the most important component of 'Royal Gala' apple flavour. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Further analysis of the structure and immunological activity of an RG-I type pectin from Panax ginseng.

PubMed

Zhang, Xu; Li, Shanshan; Sun, Lin; Ji, Li; Zhu, Jingjing; Fan, Yuying; Tai, Guihua; Zhou, Yifa

2012-06-20

In this paper, we further analysed the structure of a type I rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) pectin (WGPA-2-RG) fractionated from ginseng polysaccharides. Methylation and periodate oxidation analyses showed that WGPA-2-RG has a backbone consisting of alternating rhamnose (Rha) and galacturonic acid (GalA) residues and side chains consisting of type II arabinogalactan (AG-II). Partial acidic hydrolysis for 6h completely removed arabinose (Ara), partial galactose (Gal), but little GalA and Rha. During partial hydrolysis, the molecular weight of WGPA-2-RG decreased smoothly, suggesting that the Ara and cleavable Gal residues exist on the surface of the molecule, while GalA and Rha residues exist in the core of the molecule. The bioactivity assay showed that the arabinogalactan side chains of WGPA-2-RG are essential structures for stimulating NO secretion and lymphocyte proliferation. However, removal of the Ara and Gal residues through hydrolysis did not appreciably affect the ability of WGPA-2-RG to enhance macrophage phagocytosis. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fundamental Understanding of the Impact High Pulsed Power Loading has on a MicroGrid’s DC or AC Bus

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-12

The lithium - ion battery module is made up of two parallel stacks of six 4.1 V GALA 27 Ah cells providing a 54 Ah, 24.4 V source voltage with a -3.0...100 Ah Gel cell lead-acid (left) and 54 Ah GALA lithium - ion battery (right) energy storage modules. During each experiment, the output of the buck...batteries are used. Because the lithium - ion battery ESR is lower than that of the lead-acid, it contributes more to the rise time of the discharge

Functional genomics reveals that a compact terpene synthase gene family can account for terpene volatile production in apple.

PubMed

Nieuwenhuizen, Niels J; Green, Sol A; Chen, Xiuyin; Bailleul, Estelle J D; Matich, Adam J; Wang, Mindy Y; Atkinson, Ross G

2013-02-01

Terpenes are specialized plant metabolites that act as attractants to pollinators and as defensive compounds against pathogens and herbivores, but they also play an important role in determining the quality of horticultural food products. We show that the genome of cultivated apple (Malus domestica) contains 55 putative terpene synthase (TPS) genes, of which only 10 are predicted to be functional. This low number of predicted functional TPS genes compared with other plant species was supported by the identification of only eight potentially functional TPS enzymes in apple 'Royal Gala' expressed sequence tag databases, including the previously characterized apple (E,E)-α-farnesene synthase. In planta functional characterization of these TPS enzymes showed that they could account for the majority of terpene volatiles produced in cv Royal Gala, including the sesquiterpenes germacrene-D and (E)-β-caryophyllene, the monoterpenes linalool and α-pinene, and the homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. Relative expression analysis of the TPS genes indicated that floral and vegetative tissues were the primary sites of terpene production in cv Royal Gala. However, production of cv Royal Gala floral-specific terpenes and TPS genes was observed in the fruit of some heritage apple cultivars. Our results suggest that the apple TPS gene family has been shaped by a combination of ancestral and more recent genome-wide duplication events. The relatively small number of functional enzymes suggests that the remaining terpenes produced in floral and vegetative and fruit tissues are maintained under a positive selective pressure, while the small number of terpenes found in the fruit of modern cultivars may be related to commercial breeding strategies.

Cell wall structures leading to cultivar differences in softening rates develop early during apple (Malus x domestica) fruit growth.

PubMed

Ng, Jovyn K T; Schröder, Roswitha; Sutherland, Paul W; Hallett, Ian C; Hall, Miriam I; Prakash, Roneel; Smith, Bronwen G; Melton, Laurence D; Johnston, Jason W

2013-11-19

There is a paucity of information regarding development of fruit tissue microstructure and changes in the cell walls during fruit growth, and how these developmental processes differ between cultivars with contrasting softening behaviour. In this study we compare two apple cultivars that show different softening rates during fruit development and ripening. We investigate whether these different softening behaviours manifest themselves late during ethylene-induced softening in the ripening phase, or early during fruit expansion and maturation. 'Scifresh' (slow softening) and 'Royal Gala' (rapid softening) apples show differences in cortical microstructure and cell adhesion as early as the cell expansion phase. 'Scifresh' apples showed reduced loss of firmness and greater dry matter accumulation compared with 'Royal Gala' during early fruit development, suggesting differences in resource allocation that influence tissue structural properties. Tricellular junctions in 'Scifresh' were rich in highly-esterified pectin, contributing to stronger cell adhesion and an increased resistance to the development of large airspaces during cell expansion. Consequently, mature fruit of 'Scifresh' showed larger, more angular shaped cells than 'Royal Gala', with less airspaces and denser tissue. Stronger cell adhesion in ripe 'Scifresh' resulted in tissue fracture by cell rupture rather than by cell-to-cell-separation as seen in 'Royal Gala'. CDTA-soluble pectin differed in both cultivars during development, implicating its involvement in cell adhesion. Low pectin methylesterase activity during early stages of fruit development coupled with the lack of immuno-detectable PG was associated with increased cell adhesion in 'Scifresh'. Our results indicate that cell wall structures leading to differences in softening rates of apple fruit develop early during fruit growth and well before the induction of the ripening process.

Long-term safety and efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease.

PubMed

Wilcox, William R; Banikazemi, Maryam; Guffon, Nathalie; Waldek, Stephen; Lee, Philip; Linthorst, Gabor E; Desnick, Robert J; Germain, Dominique P

2004-07-01

Elsewhere, we reported the safety and efficacy results of a multicenter phase 3 trial of recombinant human alpha -galactosidase A (rh-alpha GalA) replacement in patients with Fabry disease. All 58 patients who were enrolled in the 20-wk phase 3 double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study received subsequently 1 mg/kg of rh-alpha GalA (agalsidase beta, Fabrazyme, Genzyme Corporation) biweekly in an ongoing open-label extension study. Evidence of long-term efficacy, even in patients who developed IgG antibodies against rh- alpha GalA, included the continuously normal mean plasma globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) levels during 30 mo of the extension study and the sustained capillary endothelial GL-3 clearance in 98% (39/40) of patients who had a skin biopsy taken after treatment for 30 mo (original placebo group) or 36 mo (original enzyme-treated group). The mean serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate also remained stable after 30-36 mo of treatment. Infusion-associated reactions decreased over time, as did anti-rh- alpha GalA IgG antibody titers. Among seroconverted patients, after 30-36 mo of treatment, seven patients tolerized (no detectable IgG antibody), and 59% had > or =4-fold reductions in antibody titers. As of 30 mo into the extension trial, three patients were withdrawn from the study because of positive serum IgE or skin tests; however, all have been rechallenged successfully at the time of this report. Thus, enzyme replacement therapy for 30-36 mo with agalsidase beta resulted in continuously decreased plasma GL-3 levels, sustained endothelial GL-3 clearance, stable kidney function, and a favorable safety profile.

Combined HILIC-ELSD/ESI-MS(n) enables the separation, identification and quantification of sugar beet pectin derived oligomers.

PubMed

Remoroza, C; Cord-Landwehr, S; Leijdekkers, A G M; Moerschbacher, B M; Schols, H A; Gruppen, H

2012-09-01

The combined action of endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PGII), pectin lyase (PL), pectin methyl esterase (fungal PME) and RG-I degrading enzymes enabled the extended degradation of methylesterified and acetylated sugar beet pectins (SBPs). The released oligomers were separated, identified and quantified using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with online electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS(n)) and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). By MS(n), the structures of galacturonic acid (GalA) oligomers having an acetyl group in the O-2 and/or O-3 positions eluting from the HILIC column were elucidated. The presence of methylesterified and/or acetylated galacturonic acid units within an oligomer reduced the interaction with the HILIC column significantly compared to the unsubstituted GalA oligomers. The HILIC column enables a good separation of most oligomers present in the digest. The use of ELSD to quantify oligogalacturonides was validated using pure GalA standards and the signal was found to be independent of the chemical structure of the oligomer being detected. The combination of chromatographic and enzymatic strategies enables to distinguish SBPs having different methylesters and acetyl group distribution. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transcriptional analysis of apple fruit proanthocyanidin biosynthesis.

PubMed

Henry-Kirk, Rebecca A; McGhie, Tony K; Andre, Christelle M; Hellens, Roger P; Allan, Andrew C

2012-09-01

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are products of the flavonoid pathway, which also leads to the production of anthocyanins and flavonols. Many flavonoids have antioxidant properties and may have beneficial effects for human health. PAs are found in the seeds and fruits of many plants. In apple fruit (Malus × domestica Borkh.), the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is most active in the skin, with the flavan-3-ols, catechin, and epicatechin acting as the initiating units for the synthesis of PA polymers. This study examined the genes involved in the production of PAs in three apple cultivars: two heritage apple cultivars, Hetlina and Devonshire Quarrenden, and a commercial cultivar, Royal Gala. HPLC analysis shows that tree-ripe fruit from Hetlina and Devonshire Quarrenden had a higher phenolic content than Royal Gala. Epicatechin and catechin biosynthesis is under the control of the biosynthetic enzymes anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR1), respectively. Counter-intuitively, real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of Royal Gala LAR1 and ANR were significantly higher than those of both Devonshire Quarrenden and Hetlina. This suggests that a compensatory feedback mechanism may be active, whereby low concentrations of PAs may induce higher expression of gene transcripts. Further investigation is required into the regulation of these key enzymes in apple.

GALA: group analysis leads to accuracy, a novel approach for solving the inverse problem in exploratory analysis of group MEG recordings

PubMed Central

Kozunov, Vladimir V.; Ossadtchi, Alexei

2015-01-01

Although MEG/EEG signals are highly variable between subjects, they allow characterizing systematic changes of cortical activity in both space and time. Traditionally a two-step procedure is used. The first step is a transition from sensor to source space by the means of solving an ill-posed inverse problem for each subject individually. The second is mapping of cortical regions consistently active across subjects. In practice the first step often leads to a set of active cortical regions whose location and timecourses display a great amount of interindividual variability hindering the subsequent group analysis. We propose Group Analysis Leads to Accuracy (GALA)—a solution that combines the two steps into one. GALA takes advantage of individual variations of cortical geometry and sensor locations. It exploits the ensuing variability in electromagnetic forward model as a source of additional information. We assume that for different subjects functionally identical cortical regions are located in close proximity and partially overlap and their timecourses are correlated. This relaxed similarity constraint on the inverse solution can be expressed within a probabilistic framework, allowing for an iterative algorithm solving the inverse problem jointly for all subjects. A systematic simulation study showed that GALA, as compared with the standard min-norm approach, improves accuracy of true activity recovery, when accuracy is assessed both in terms of spatial proximity of the estimated and true activations and correct specification of spatial extent of the activated regions. This improvement obtained without using any noise normalization techniques for both solutions, preserved for a wide range of between-subject variations in both spatial and temporal features of regional activation. The corresponding activation timecourses exhibit significantly higher similarity across subjects. Similar results were obtained for a real MEG dataset of face-specific evoked responses. PMID:25954141

Kidney Quiz

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

Secondary Nocturnal Enuresis

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

Res-E Support Policies in the Baltic States: Electricity Price Aspect (Part II)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bobinaite, V.; Priedite, I.

2015-04-01

Increasing volumes of electricity derived from renewable energy sources (RES-E) affect the electricity market prices and the prices for final electricity consumers in the Baltic States. The results of a multivariate regression analysis show that in 2013 the RES-E contributed to decreasing the electricity market prices in the Baltic States. However, the final electricity consumers pay for the promotion of RES-E through the approved RES-E component which has a tendency to increase. It is estimated that in 2013 the net benefits from the wind electricity promotion were achieved in Lithuania and Latvia while the net cost - in Estonia. This suggests that the economic efficiency of the wind electricity support scheme based on the application of feed-in tariffs was higher than that based on the feed-in premium. Rakstā analizēta elektroenerģijas ražošanas no atjaunojamiem energoresursiem (AER-E) palielināšanas ietekme uz elektroenerģijas tirgus cenu un gala cenu elektroenerģijas lietotājiem Baltijas valstīs. Daudzfaktoru regresijas analīzes rezultāti atklāja, ka AER-E 2013. gadā varētu samazināt elektroenerģijas tirgus cenas Baltijas valstīs. Tomēr jāņem vērā, ka elektroenerģijas lietotāja gala cenā ir iekļauta AER-E atbalsta komponente, kurai ir raksturīgi palielināties. Aprēķināts, ka no vēja elektroenerģijas ražošanas Latvijā un Lietuvā tika iegūta tīrā peļņa, bet Igaunijā tikai nosedza pašizmaksu. Tas liecina, ka vēja elektroenerģijas atbalsta shēmai, kas balstīta uz obligātā iepirkuma atbalsta principu, ir augstāka ekonomiskā efektivitāte, nekā atbalsta shēmai, kas balstīta uz piemaksu par no AER saražoto elektroenerģiju obligātā iepirkuma ietvaros.

Bedwetting: Glossary for Kids

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

National Kidney Foundation Newsroom

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

Rate Your Risk Quiz

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

ARC-2010-ACD10-0005-064

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-23

NASA Ames Research Center 70 Year Anniversary Gala Dinner held at Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California with special guest speaker Nichelle Nichols of Star Trek fame. with Dale Compton and Meredith Moore

ARC-2010-ACD10-0005-052

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-23

NASA Ames Research Center 70 Year Anniversary Gala Dinner held at Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California with special guest speaker Nichelle Nichols of Star Trek fame. with Lew Braxton, Pete Worden and ____

Flu Season and Your Kidneys

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

Organ Donation and Transplantation Statistics

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

Medications to Treat Bed-Wetting

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

Skin Rashes Due to Bed-Wetting

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

Proteus mirabilis RMS 203 as a new representative of the O13 Proteus serogroup.

PubMed

Palusiak, Agata; Siwińska, Małgorzata; Zabłotni, Agnieszka

2015-01-01

The unique feature of some Proteus O-polysaccharides is occurrence of an amide of galacturonic acid with N(ε)-[(S/R)-1-Carboxyethyl]-L-lysine, GalA6(2S,8S/R-AlaLys). The results of the serological studies presented here, with reference to known O-antigens structures suggest that GalA6(2S,8S/R-AlaLys) or 2S,8R-AlaLys contribute to cross-reactions of O13 Proteus antisera, and Proteeae LPSs. It was also revealed that the Proteus mirabilis RMS 203 strain can be classified into the O13 serogroup, represented so far by two strains: Proteus mirabilis 26/57 and Proteus vulgaris 8344. The O13 LPS is a serologically important antigen with a fragment common to LPSs of different species in the Proteeae tribe.

Transcriptional analysis of apple fruit proanthocyanidin biosynthesis

PubMed Central

Henry-Kirk, Rebecca A.

2012-01-01

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are products of the flavonoid pathway, which also leads to the production of anthocyanins and flavonols. Many flavonoids have antioxidant properties and may have beneficial effects for human health. PAs are found in the seeds and fruits of many plants. In apple fruit (Malus × domestica Borkh.), the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is most active in the skin, with the flavan-3-ols, catechin, and epicatechin acting as the initiating units for the synthesis of PA polymers. This study examined the genes involved in the production of PAs in three apple cultivars: two heritage apple cultivars, Hetlina and Devonshire Quarrenden, and a commercial cultivar, Royal Gala. HPLC analysis shows that tree-ripe fruit from Hetlina and Devonshire Quarrenden had a higher phenolic content than Royal Gala. Epicatechin and catechin biosynthesis is under the control of the biosynthetic enzymes anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR1), respectively. Counter-intuitively, real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of Royal Gala LAR1 and ANR were significantly higher than those of both Devonshire Quarrenden and Hetlina. This suggests that a compensatory feedback mechanism may be active, whereby low concentrations of PAs may induce higher expression of gene transcripts. Further investigation is required into the regulation of these key enzymes in apple. Abbreviations:ANOVAanalysis of varianceANRanthocyanidin reductaseDADdiode array detectorDAFBdays after full bloomDFRdihydroflavonol reductaseLARleucoanthocyanidin reductaseLC-MSliquid chromatography/mass spectrometryPAproanthocyanidinqPCRreal-time quantitative PCR PMID:22859681

Amides are novel protein modifications formed by physiological sugars.

PubMed

Glomb, M A; Pfahler, C

2001-11-09

The Maillard reaction, or nonenzymatic browning, proceeds in vivo, and the resulting protein modifications (advanced glycation end products) have been associated with various pathologies. Despite intensive research only very few structures have been established in vivo. We report here for the first time N(6)-[2-[(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]lysine (GOLA) and N(6)-glycoloyllysine (GALA) as prototypes for novel amide protein modifications produced by reducing sugars. Their identity was confirmed by independent synthesis and coupled liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Model reactions with N(alpha)-t-butoxycarbonyl-lysine showed that glyoxal and glycolaldehyde are immediate precursors, and reaction pathways are directly linked to N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine via glyoxal-imine structures. GOLA, the amide cross-link, and 1,3-bis(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)imidazolium salt (GOLD), the imidazolium cross-link, share a common intermediate. The ratio of GOLA to GOLD is greater when glyoxal levels are low at constant lysine concentrations. GOLA and GALA formation from the Amadori product of glucose and lysine depends directly upon oxidation. With the advanced glycation end product inhibitors aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine we were able to dissect oxidative fragmentation of the Amadori product as a second mechanism of GOLA formation exactly coinciding with N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine synthesis. In contrast, the formation of GALA appears to depend solely upon glyoxal-imines. After enzymatic hydrolysis GOLA was found at 66 pmol/mg of brunescent lens protein. This suggests amide protein modifications as important markers of pathophysiological processes.

Products for Children with Enuresis and Daytime Urinary Incontinence

MedlinePlus

... NKF Online Communities Featured Story Want to save money on your prescriptions? Introducing a new discount card ... Events and Galas Spring Clinical Meetings KEEP Healthy - Free Kidney Health checks Your Kidneys and You Meetings ...

Salicylic acid confers enhanced resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apple.

PubMed

Zhang, Ying; Shi, Xiangpeng; Li, Baohua; Zhang, Qingming; Liang, Wenxing; Wang, Caixia

2016-09-01

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by Glomerella cingulata is a newly emergent disease that results in severe defoliation and fruit spots in apple. Currently, there are no effective means to control this disease except for the traditional fungicide sprays. Induced resistance by elicitors against pathogens infection is a widely accepted eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, we investigated whether exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) could improve resistance to GLS in a highly susceptible apple cultivar (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Gala') and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that pretreatment with SA, at 0.1-1.0 mM, induced strong resistance against GLS in 'Gala' apple leaves, with SA treated leaves showing significant reduction in lesion numbers and disease index. Concurrent with the enhanced disease resistance, SA treatment markedly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and defence-related enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). As expected, SA treatment also induced the expression levels of five pathogenesis-related (PR) genes including PR1, PR5, PR8, Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. Furthermore, the most pronounced and/or rapid increase was observed in leaves treated with SA and subsequently inoculated with G. cingulata compared to the treatment with SA or inoculation with the pathogen. Together, these results suggest that exogenous SA triggered increase in reactive oxygen species levels and the antioxidant system might be responsible for enhanced resistance against G. cingulata in 'Gala' apple leaves. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The dynamic ejecta of compact object mergers and eccentric collisions.

PubMed

Rosswog, Stephan

2013-06-13

Compact object mergers eject neutron-rich matter in a number of ways: by the dynamical ejection mediated by gravitational torques, as neutrino-driven winds, and probably also a good fraction of the resulting accretion disc finally becomes unbound by a combination of viscous and nuclear processes. If compact binary mergers indeed produce gamma-ray bursts, there should also be an interaction region where an ultra-relativistic outflow interacts with the neutrino-driven wind and produces moderately relativistic ejecta. Each type of ejecta has different physical properties, and therefore plays a different role for nucleosynthesis and for the electromagnetic (EM) transients that go along with compact object encounters. Here, we focus on the dynamic ejecta and present results for over 30 hydrodynamical simulations of both gravitational wave-driven mergers and parabolic encounters as they may occur in globular clusters. We find that mergers eject approximately 1 per cent of a Solar mass of extremely neutron-rich material. The exact amount, as well as the ejection velocity, depends on the involved masses with asymmetric systems ejecting more material at higher velocities. This material undergoes a robust r-process and both ejecta amount and abundance pattern are consistent with neutron star mergers being a major source of the 'heavy' (A>130) r-process isotopes. Parabolic collisions, especially those between neutron stars and black holes, eject substantially larger amounts of mass, and therefore cannot occur frequently without overproducing gala- ctic r-process matter. We also discuss the EM transients that are powered by radioactive decays within the ejecta ('macronovae'), and the radio flares that emerge when the ejecta dissipate their large kinetic energies in the ambient medium.

78 FR 34577 - Safety Zone; Ad Club's 100th Anniversary Gala Fireworks Display, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

... posed by the pyrotechnics used in this fireworks display, the safety zone is necessary to provide for... would expose spectators, vessels and other property to the hazards associated with pyrotechnics used in...

Testing the limits of rational design by engineering pH sensitivity into membrane-active peptides.

PubMed

Wiedman, Gregory; Wimley, William C; Hristova, Kalina

2015-04-01

In this work, we sought to rationally design membrane-active peptides that are triggered by low pH to form macromolecular-sized pores in lipid bilayers. Such peptides could have broad utility in biotechnology and in nanomedicine as cancer therapeutics or drug delivery vehicles that promote release of macromolecules from endosomes. Our approach to rational design was to combine the properties of a pH-independent peptide, MelP5, which forms large pores allowing passage of macromolecules, with the properties of two pH-dependent membrane-active peptides, pHlip and GALA. We created two hybrid sequences, MelP5_Δ4 and MelP5_Δ6, by using the distribution of acidic residues on pHlip and GALA as a guide to insert acidic amino acids into the amphipathic helix of MelP5. We show that the new peptides bind to lipid bilayers and acquire secondary structure in a pH-dependent manner. The peptides also destabilize bilayers in a pH-dependent manner, such that lipid vesicles release the small molecules ANTS/DPX at low pH only. Thus, we were successful in designing pH-triggered pore-forming peptides. However, no macromolecular release was observed under any conditions. Therefore, we abolished the unique macromolecular poration properties of MelP5 by introducing pH sensitivity into its sequence. We conclude that the properties of pHlip, GALA, and MelP5 are additive, but only partially so. We propose that this lack of additivity is a limitation in the rational design of novel membrane-active peptides, and that high-throughput approaches to discovery will be critical for continued progress in the field. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Benefits of pre-emptive analgesia by local infiltration at day-case general anaesthetic open inguinal hernioplasty.

PubMed

Radwan, R W; Gardner, A; Jayamanne, H; Stephenson, B M

2018-03-15

Introduction The open prosthetic repair of inguinal hernias under local anaesthesia (LA) is well established, with the concept of intraoperative 'pre-emptive analgesia' evolving so that patients are as comfortable as possible. We used a peri-incisional LA solution in patients undergoing day-case inguinal hernioplasty under general anaesthesia (GA) and recorded use of analgesia in the immediate postoperative period. Methods In this observational cohort study, 100 consecutive unselected men underwent open inguinal hernia repair as a day case. Of these, 75 underwent repair under GA and 25 with peri-incisional LA solution (equal mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1% lignocaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline). Analgesia prescribed at induction, for maintenance and after cessation of anaesthesia was scored in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder. Results The median age in the GA group was 59 years (range: 25-89 years) and in the GA+LA group, it was 62 years (range: 27-88 years). Of the 100 patients, 82 underwent a mesh plug repair by seven surgeons whereas 18 underwent a flat (Lichtenstein) mesh repair by two surgeons. WHO analgesic induction and postoperative scores were significantly lower in the GA+LA group (p=0.034 and p<0.001 respectively). There was also a significant difference in use of postoperative antiemetics (23% vs 0% in the GA only and GA+LA cohorts respectively, p=0.020). Six patients (8%) in the GA group failed day-case discharge criteria. Conclusions Patients undergoing contemporary day-case GA inguinal hernioplasty with pre-emptive LA solution infiltration require lower levels of postoperative opioid analgesia and antiemetics. These cases are less likely to fail discharge criteria for planned day surgery.

Lower cell wall pectin solubilisation and galactose loss during early fruit development in apple (Malus x domestica) cultivar 'Scifresh' are associated with slower softening rate.

PubMed

Ng, Jovyn K T; Schröder, Roswitha; Brummell, David A; Sutherland, Paul W; Hallett, Ian C; Smith, Bronwen G; Melton, Laurence D; Johnston, Jason W

2015-03-15

Substantial differences in softening behaviour can exist between fruit even within the same species. Apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scifresh' soften at different rates despite having a similar genetic background and producing similar amounts of ethylene during ripening. An examination of cell wall metabolism from the fruitlet to the ripe stages showed that in both cultivars pectin solubilisation increased during cell expansion, declined at the mature stage and then increased again during ripening. This process was much less pronounced in the slower softening 'Scifresh' than in 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage examined, consistent with less cell separation and softening in this cultivar. Both cultivars also exhibited a progressive loss of pectic galactan and arabinan side chains during development. The cell wall content of arabinose residues was similar in both cultivars, but the galactose residue content in 'Scifresh' remained higher than that of 'Royal Gala' at every developmental stage. The higher content of cell wall galactose residue in 'Scifresh' cell walls correlated with a lower β-galactosidase activity and more intense immunolabelling of RG-I galactan side chains in both microscopy sections and glycan microarrays. A high cell wall galactan content has been associated with reduced cell wall porosity, which may restrict access of cell wall-modifying enzymes and thus maintain better structural integrity later in development. The data suggest that the composition and structure of the cell wall at very early development stages may influence subsequent cell wall loosening, and may even predispose the wall's ensuing properties. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Quantification of Runoff as Influenced by Morphometric Characteristics in a Rural Complex Catchment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdulkareem, Jabir Haruna; Pradhan, Biswajeet; Sulaiman, Wan Nor Azmin; Jamil, Nor Rohaizah

2018-05-01

This study addresses the critical scientific question of assessing the relationship between morphometric features and the hydrological factors that increase the risk of flooding in Kelantan River basin, Malaysia. Two hypotheses were developed to achieve this aim, namely: the alternate hypothesis (runoff, is influenced by morphometric characteristics in the study watershed) and the null hypothesis (runoff is not influenced by morphometric characteristics). First, the watershed was delineated into four major catchments, namely: Galas, Pergau, Lebir, and Nenggiri. Next, quantitative morphometric characters such as linear aspects, areal aspects, and relief aspects were determined on each of these catchments. Furthermore, HEC-HMS and flood response analyses were employed to simulate the hydrological response of the catchments. From the results of morphometric analysis, profound spatial changes were observed between runoff features of Kelantan River and the morphometric characteristics. The length of overflow that was related to drainage density and constant channel maintenance was found to be 0.12 in Pergau, 0.04 in both Nenggiri and Lebir, and 0.03 in Galas. Drainage density as influenced by geology and vegetation density was found to be low in all the catchments (0.07-0.24). Results of hydrological response indicated that Lebir, Nenggiri, Galas, and Pergau recorded a flood response factor of 0.75, 0.63, 0.40, and 0.05, respectively. Therefore, Lebir and Nenggiri are more likely to be flooded during a rainstorm. There was no clear indication with regard to the catchment that emerged as the most prevailing in all the morphological features. Hence, the alternate hypothesis was affirmed. This study can be replicated in other catchments with different hydrologic setup.

Functional Genomics Reveals That a Compact Terpene Synthase Gene Family Can Account for Terpene Volatile Production in Apple1[W

PubMed Central

Nieuwenhuizen, Niels J.; Green, Sol A.; Chen, Xiuyin; Bailleul, Estelle J.D.; Matich, Adam J.; Wang, Mindy Y.; Atkinson, Ross G.

2013-01-01

Terpenes are specialized plant metabolites that act as attractants to pollinators and as defensive compounds against pathogens and herbivores, but they also play an important role in determining the quality of horticultural food products. We show that the genome of cultivated apple (Malus domestica) contains 55 putative terpene synthase (TPS) genes, of which only 10 are predicted to be functional. This low number of predicted functional TPS genes compared with other plant species was supported by the identification of only eight potentially functional TPS enzymes in apple ‘Royal Gala’ expressed sequence tag databases, including the previously characterized apple (E,E)-α-farnesene synthase. In planta functional characterization of these TPS enzymes showed that they could account for the majority of terpene volatiles produced in cv Royal Gala, including the sesquiterpenes germacrene-D and (E)-β-caryophyllene, the monoterpenes linalool and α-pinene, and the homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. Relative expression analysis of the TPS genes indicated that floral and vegetative tissues were the primary sites of terpene production in cv Royal Gala. However, production of cv Royal Gala floral-specific terpenes and TPS genes was observed in the fruit of some heritage apple cultivars. Our results suggest that the apple TPS gene family has been shaped by a combination of ancestral and more recent genome-wide duplication events. The relatively small number of functional enzymes suggests that the remaining terpenes produced in floral and vegetative and fruit tissues are maintained under a positive selective pressure, while the small number of terpenes found in the fruit of modern cultivars may be related to commercial breeding strategies. PMID:23256150

Development of the First Cisgenic Apple with Increased Resistance to Fire Blight

PubMed Central

Kost, Thomas D.; Gessler, Cesare; Jänsch, Melanie; Flachowsky, Henryk; Patocchi, Andrea; Broggini, Giovanni A. L.

2015-01-01

The generation and selection of novel fire blight resistant apple genotypes would greatly improve the management of this devastating disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora. Such resistant genotypes are currently developed by conventional breeding, but novel breeding technologies including cisgenesis could be an alternative approach. A cisgenic apple line C44.4.146 was regenerated using the cisgene FB_MR5 from wild apple Malus ×robusta 5 (Mr5), and the previously established method involving A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the fire blight susceptible cultivar ‘Gala Galaxy’ using the binary vector p9-Dao-FLPi. The line C44.4.146 was shown to carry only the cisgene FB_MR5, controlled by its native regulatory sequences and no transgenes were detected by PCR or Southern blot following heat induced recombinase-mediated elimination of the selectable markers. Although this line contains up to 452 bp of vector sequences, it still matches the original definition of cisgenesis. A single insertion of T-DNA into the genome of 'Gala Galaxy' in chromosome 16 was identified. Transcription of FB_MR5 in line C44.4.146 was similar to the transcription in classically bred descendants of Mr5. Three independent shoot inoculation experiments with a Mr5 avirulent strain of Erwinia amylovora were performed using scissors or syringe. Significantly lower disease symptoms were detected on shoots of the cisgenic line compared to those of untransformed 'Gala Galaxy'. Despite the fact that the pathogen can overcome this resistance by a single nucleotide mutation, this is, to our knowledge, the first prototype of a cisgenic apple with increased resistance to fire blight. PMID:26624292

Quantification of Runoff as Influenced by Morphometric Characteristics in a Rural Complex Catchment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdulkareem, Jabir Haruna; Pradhan, Biswajeet; Sulaiman, Wan Nor Azmin; Jamil, Nor Rohaizah

2018-03-01

This study addresses the critical scientific question of assessing the relationship between morphometric features and the hydrological factors that increase the risk of flooding in Kelantan River basin, Malaysia. Two hypotheses were developed to achieve this aim, namely: the alternate hypothesis (runoff, is influenced by morphometric characteristics in the study watershed) and the null hypothesis (runoff is not influenced by morphometric characteristics). First, the watershed was delineated into four major catchments, namely: Galas, Pergau, Lebir, and Nenggiri. Next, quantitative morphometric characters such as linear aspects, areal aspects, and relief aspects were determined on each of these catchments. Furthermore, HEC-HMS and flood response analyses were employed to simulate the hydrological response of the catchments. From the results of morphometric analysis, profound spatial changes were observed between runoff features of Kelantan River and the morphometric characteristics. The length of overflow that was related to drainage density and constant channel maintenance was found to be 0.12 in Pergau, 0.04 in both Nenggiri and Lebir, and 0.03 in Galas. Drainage density as influenced by geology and vegetation density was found to be low in all the catchments (0.07-0.24). Results of hydrological response indicated that Lebir, Nenggiri, Galas, and Pergau recorded a flood response factor of 0.75, 0.63, 0.40, and 0.05, respectively. Therefore, Lebir and Nenggiri are more likely to be flooded during a rainstorm. There was no clear indication with regard to the catchment that emerged as the most prevailing in all the morphological features. Hence, the alternate hypothesis was affirmed. This study can be replicated in other catchments with different hydrologic setup.

Metabolism of a plant derived galactose‐containing polysaccharide by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003

PubMed Central

O'Connell Motherway, Mary; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; van Sinderen, Douwe

2011-01-01

Summary In this study, we describe the functional characterization of the Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 gal locus, which is dedicated to the utilization of galactan, a plant‐derived polysaccharide. Using a combination of molecular approaches we conclude that the galA gene of B. breve UCC2003 encodes a β‐1,4‐endogalactanase producing galacto‐oligosaccharides, which are specifically internalized by an ABC transport system, encoded by galBCDE, and which are then hydrolysed to galactose moieties by a dedicated intracellular β‐galactosidase, specified by galG. The generated galactose molecules are presumed to be fed into the fructose‐6‐phosphate phosphoketolase pathway via the Leloir pathway, thereby allowing B. breve UCC2003 to use galactan as its sole carbon and energy source. In addition to these findings we demonstrate that GalR is a LacI‐type DNA‐binding protein, which not only appears to control transcription of the galCDEGR operon, but also that of the galA gene. PMID:21375716

Apple variety and maturity profiling of base ciders using UV spectroscopy.

PubMed

Girschik, Lachlan; Jones, Joanna E; Kerslake, Fiona L; Robertson, Mark; Dambergs, Robert G; Swarts, Nigel D

2017-08-01

Varietal base ciders were produced from three varieties of dessert apples ('Pink Lady®', 'Royal Gala' and 'Red Delicious') at pre-commercial, commercial and post-commercial harvest timings. Rapid analytical methods were used to categorise the base ciders, and data analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). The titratable acidity of apple must was significantly higher for the pre-commercial harvest fruit for both the 'Royal Gala' and 'Red Delicious' varieties. The base cider phenolic content was highest in the pre-commercial harvest fruit for all varieties. 'Red Delicious' had the highest total phenolics as determined by spectral analysis and supported by the classification provided by the PCA analysis. The spectral fingerprints of the ciders showed two main peaks at approximately 280nm and 320nm indicating phenolic concentrations. Studies analysing characteristics of dessert apple varieties with relevance for cider production will allow for informed decision making for both apple producers and cider makers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

2011 Awards Gala | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... bring together representatives from the public, professional, and business sectors in health care to show their support for the Library—this year celebrating its 175th anniversary. Let Us Hear From You We want your feedback on the magazine and ideas for future issues, as well as ...

2013 Awards Gala Event | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... Dr. Roger I. Glass , M.D., Ph.D. (right), was Jack Andraka , 16 (middle), who recently won the 2012 Gordon E. Moore Award, grand prize of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Andraka developed a quick and inexpensive method to identify pancreatic, ovarian, and lung cancer during ...

Role of lenticel morphology, frequency and density on incidence of lenticel breakdown in 'GALA' apples

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A two-year study was conducted in the arid fruit growing regions of South Africa and eastern Washington State to examine the etiology of lenticel breakdown (LB). The evaluation of lenticel size, including peel imprints and tissue cross-sections, presented no clear relationship between lenticels siz...

Comparison of genes in apple [Malus x domestica (Borkh) 'Royal Gala'] responding to simulated drought and recovery

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Water is the most limiting resource in the environment. During episodes of drought, crop losses can be substantial due to both direct and indirect effects of dehydration. Even irrigation alternatives are not entirely satisfactory towards solving this problem due to their expense and to competition...

Rethinking the Science Fair

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Craven, John; Hogan, Tracy

2008-01-01

In this article, the authors reflect on whether the competitiveness of science fairs does anything to enhance the learning environment of schools. The authors narrate how a visit to a local school's gymnasium to witness one of these gala events reminded them of why they so dislike science fairs. The authors mention that they applaud any sincere…

Isolation and structure elucidation of pectic polysaccharide from rose hip fruits (Rosa canina L.).

PubMed

Ognyanov, Manol; Remoroza, Connie; Schols, Henk A; Georgiev, Yordan; Kratchanova, Maria; Kratchanov, Christo

2016-10-20

A pectic polysaccharide from rose hip (RH) fruits has been obtained by extraction with 1% aqueous citric acid. It was found that the polysaccharide fraction mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (45.5%) next to galactose (5.5%) and arabinose (4.7%). RH pectin is having a relatively high degree of methylesterification (62%) and acetylation (10%) and consists of different molecular weight populations in the range of 10-100kDa. Enzymatic fingerprinting was performed using a combination of pectin lyase (PL) and endo-polygalacturonase. Detailed information about the structure and level of galacturonic acid oligomers released was obtained using LC-HILIC-MS/ELSD and HPAEC. Predominantly, unsaturated and methyl-esterified oligomers (DP 3-5) were released indicating that high proportions of methylesterified 'PL degradable' areas were present within the pectin. The data revealed that homogalacturonan is the main building block of the extracted pectin and consists of long methylesterified/acetylated GalA sequences interspersed with small blocks of non-methyl-esterified GalA units. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using tidal streams to investigate the rotation of the Milky Way's dark matter halo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valluri, Monica; Snyder, Sarah Jean; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.

2017-06-01

The dark matter halos surrounding Milky Way-like galaxies that are formed in cosmological simulations are triaxial. These simulated triaxial halos are expected to be slowly rotating with log-normal distribution of pattern speeds centered on ~0.148h km/s/kpc (Bailin & Steinmetz 2004, ApJ., 616, 27). Stellar streams arising from a satellite experiencing tidal disruption inside such a slowly rotating triaxial halo are expected to be subject to additional forces (e.g. Coriolis forces) that affect the structure of the tidal streams. Using the Python Galaxy dynamics package Gala (Price-Whelan, http://gala.adrian.pw) we have generated simulations of tidal streams in a range of triaxial potentials to explore how the structure of Milky Way's tidal streams, especially the structure of stream bifurcations and the stream orbital plane, are altered by a slow figure rotation of the triaxial dark matter halo. We investigate what can be inferred about halo rotation from current and future data including upcoming data from Gaia. This work is supported by NASA-ATP award NNX15AK79G to the University of Michigan.

Delayed effects of neonatal exposure to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol on the estrous cycle and uterine carcinogenesis in Wistar Hannover GALAS rats.

PubMed

Takahashi, Miwa; Inoue, Kaoru; Morikawa, Tomomi; Matsuo, Saori; Hayashi, Seigo; Tamura, Kei; Watanabe, Gen; Taya, Kazuyoshi; Yoshida, Midori

2013-09-01

We investigated the delayed effects of neonatal exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE) on the female reproductive tract using Wistar Hannover GALAS rats. Female pups received single injections of EE (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, 20, or 200 μg/kg) within 24h after birth and estrous cyclicity was observed until 10 months of age. All animals were treated at 9 weeks of age with the uterine carcinogen, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Although the vaginal opening was not affected, abnormal cycles were significantly increased from 0.2 μg/kg. Persistent estrus was prominent and the incidence increased age- and dose-dependently. Severity of atypical hyperplasia of the uterus tended to increase from 2 μg/kg. In these groups, serum progesterone level was lowered relative to estradiol level. In conclusion, estrous cyclicity was a sensitive indicator reflecting delayed effects on the female reproductive tract. Early onset of anovulation leading to prolonged estrogen exposure might be a risk factor for uterine carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Genetic instability of probiotic characteristics in the Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum B379M strain during cultivation and maintenance].

PubMed

Averina, O V; Nezametdinova, V Z; Alekseeva, M G; Danilenko, V N

2012-11-01

The stability of inheriting several genes in the Russian commercial strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum B379M during cultivation and maintenance under laboratory conditions has been studied. The examined genes code for probiotic characteristics, such as utilization of several sugars (lacA2 gene, encoding beta-galactosidase; ara gene, encoding arabinosidase; and galA gene, encoding arabinogalactan endo-beta-galactosidase); synthesis of bacteriocins (lans gene, encoding lanthionine synthetase); and mobile gene tet(W), conferring resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline. The other gene families studied include the genes responsible for signal transduction and adaptation to stress conditions in the majority of bacteria (serine/threonine protein kinases and the toxin-antitoxin systems of MazEF and RelBE types) and transcription regulators (genes encoding WhiB family proteins). Genomic DNA was analyzed by PCR using specially selected primers. A loss of the genes galA and tet(W) has been shown. It is proposed to expand the requirements on probiotic strains, namely, to control retention of the key probiotic genes using molecular biological methods.

Biological, chemical and in silico fingerprints of Dianthus calocephalus Boiss.: A novel source for rutin.

PubMed

Uysal, Sengul; Aktumsek, Abdurrahman; Picot-Allain, Carene M N; Unuvar, Hamiyet; Mollica, Adriano; Georgiev, Milen I; Zengin, Gokhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi

2018-03-01

Extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) from Dianthus calocephalus Boiss. prepared by different extraction techniques (maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasonication) were studied for possible inhibitory action against key enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetyl cholinesterase, butyryl cholinesterase, and tyrosinase). Antioxidant potential was established using a battery of assays and phenolic compounds profiled by RP-HPLC. Binding pose of tyrosinase with rutin was studied by means of molecular docking. Methanol extracts showed the highest phenolic (39.35-40.25 mgGAE/g) content and rich in rutin (61.38-72.07 mg/g extract). Ethyl acetate extracts of D. calocephalus were potent inhibitors of acetyl (1.45-1.48 mgGALAE/g) and butyryl (2.44-2.74 mgGALAE/g) cholinesterases. Docking studies showed that rutin interacts with the side chains of the key amino acid residues and to the copper atom found at the active site of tyrosinase. Methanol extracts showed highest antioxidant capacity. D. calocephalus showed interesting biological properties that could be further studied to manage diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and hyperpigmentation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Descriptive parameters for revealing substitution patterns of sugar beet pectins using pectolytic enzymes.

PubMed

Remoroza, C; Buchholt, H C; Gruppen, H; Schols, H A

2014-01-30

Enzymatic fingerprinting was applied to sugar beet pectins (SBPs) modified by either plant or fungal pectin methyl esterases and alkali catalyzed de-esterification to reveal the ester distributions over the pectin backbone. A simultaneous pectin lyase (PL) treatment to the commonly used endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG) degradation showed to be effective in degrading both high and low methylesterified and/or acetylated homogalaturonan regions of SBP simultaneously. Using LC-HILIC-MS/ELSD, we studied in detail all the diagnostic oligomers present, enabling us to discriminate between differently prepared sugar beet pectins having various levels of methylesterification and acetylation. Furthermore, distinction between commercially extracted and de-esterified sugar beet pectin having different patterns of substitution was achieved by using novel descriptive pectin parameters. In addition to DBabs approach for nonmethylesterified sequences degradable by endo-PG, the "degree of hydrolysis" (DHPG) representing all partially saturated methylesterified and/or acetylated galacturonic acid (GalA) moieties was introduced as a new parameter. Consequently, the description DHPL has been introduced to quantify all esterified unsaturated GalA oligomers. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metabolism of a plant derived galactose-containing polysaccharide by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003.

PubMed

O'Connell Motherway, Mary; Fitzgerald, Gerald F; van Sinderen, Douwe

2011-05-01

In this study, we describe the functional characterization of the Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 gal locus, which is dedicated to the utilization of galactan, a plant-derived polysaccharide. Using a combination of molecular approaches we conclude that the galA gene of B. breve UCC2003 encodes a β-1,4-endogalactanase producing galacto-oligosaccharides, which are specifically internalized by an ABC transport system, encoded by galBCDE, and which are then hydrolysed to galactose moieties by a dedicated intracellular β-galactosidase, specified by galG. The generated galactose molecules are presumed to be fed into the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase pathway via the Leloir pathway, thereby allowing B. breve UCC2003 to use galactan as its sole carbon and energy source. In addition to these findings we demonstrate that GalR is a LacI-type DNA-binding protein, which not only appears to control transcription of the galCDEGR operon, but also that of the galA gene. © 2010 University College Cork. Journal compilation © 2010 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The development of a cisgenic apple plant.

PubMed

Vanblaere, Thalia; Szankowski, Iris; Schaart, Jan; Schouten, Henk; Flachowsky, Henryk; Broggini, Giovanni A L; Gessler, Cesare

2011-07-20

Cisgenesis represents a step toward a new generation of GM crops. The lack of selectable genes (e.g. antibiotic or herbicide resistance) in the final product and the fact that the inserted gene(s) derive from organisms sexually compatible with the target crop should rise less environmental concerns and increase consumer's acceptance. Here we report the generation of a cisgenic apple plant by inserting the endogenous apple scab resistance gene HcrVf2 under the control of its own regulatory sequences into the scab susceptible apple cultivar Gala. A previously developed method based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation combined with a positive and negative selection system and a chemically inducible recombination machinery allowed the generation of apple cv. Gala carrying the scab resistance gene HcrVf2 under its native regulatory sequences and no foreign genes. Three cisgenic lines were chosen for detailed investigation and were shown to carry a single T-DNA insertion and express the target gene HcrVf2. This is the first report of the generation of a true cisgenic plant. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Dennis Tito, the first private citizen to visit the International Space Station, shares his experiences during the Space Congress Gala. Held April 29-May 2, 2003, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., the Space Congress is an international conference that gathers attendees from the scientific community, the space industry workforce, educators and local supporting industries. This year's event commemorated the 40th anniversary of the Kennedy Space Center and the Centennial of Flight. The theme for the Space Congress was "Linking the Past to the Future: A Celebration of Space."

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-04-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Dennis Tito, the first private citizen to visit the International Space Station, shares his experiences during the Space Congress Gala. Held April 29-May 2, 2003, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., the Space Congress is an international conference that gathers attendees from the scientific community, the space industry workforce, educators and local supporting industries. This year's event commemorated the 40th anniversary of the Kennedy Space Center and the Centennial of Flight. The theme for the Space Congress was "Linking the Past to the Future: A Celebration of Space."

Pectinmethylesterases (PME) and pectinmethylesterase inhibitors (PMEI) enriched during phloem fiber development in flax (Linum usitatissimum).

PubMed

Pinzon-Latorre, David; Deyholos, Michael K

2014-01-01

Flax phloem fibers achieve their length by intrusive-diffusive growth, which requires them to penetrate the extracellular matrix of adjacent cells. Fiber elongation therefore involves extensive remodelling of cell walls and middle lamellae, including modifying the degree and pattern of methylesterification of galacturonic acid (GalA) residues of pectin. Pectin methylesterases (PME) are important enzymes for fiber elongation as they mediate the demethylesterification of GalA in muro, in either a block-wise fashion or in a random fashion. Our objective was to identify PMEs and PMEIs that mediate phloem fiber elongation in flax. For this purpose, we measured transcript abundance of candidate genes at nine different stages of stem and fiber development and found sets of genes enriched during fiber elongation and maturation as well as during xylem development. We expressed one of the flax PMEIs in E. coli and demonstrated that it was able to inhibit most of the native PME activity in the upper portion of the flax stem. These results identify key genetic components of the intrusive growth process and define targets for fiber engineering and crop improvement.

Classification of juices and fermented beverages made from unripe, ripe and senescent apples based on the aromatic profile using chemometrics.

PubMed

Braga, Cíntia Maia; Zielinski, Acácio Antonio Ferreira; Silva, Karolline Marques da; de Souza, Frederico Koch Fernandes; Pietrowski, Giovana de Arruda Moura; Couto, Marcelo; Granato, Daniel; Wosiacki, Gilvan; Nogueira, Alessandro

2013-11-15

The aim of this study was to assess differences between apple juices and fermented apple beverages elaborated with fruits from different varieties and at different ripening stages in the aroma profile by using chemometrics. Ripening influenced the aroma composition of the apple juice and fermented apple. For all varieties, senescent fruits provided more aromatic fermented apple beverages. However, no significant difference was noticed in samples made of senescent or ripe fruits of the Lisgala variety. Regarding the juices, ripe Gala apple had the highest total aroma concentration. Ethanal was the major compound identified in all the samples, with values between 11.83mg/L (unripe Lisgala juice) and 81.05mg/L (ripe Gala juice). 3-Methyl-1-butanol was the major compound identified in the fermented juices. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied and classified the juices and fermented juices based on physicochemical and aroma profile, demonstrating their applicability as tools to monitor the quality of apple-based products. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Fresh Apples and Caramel Apples.

PubMed

Salazar, Joelle K; Carstens, Christina K; Bathija, Vriddi M; Narula, Sartaj S; Parish, Mickey; Tortorello, Mary Lou

2016-05-01

An outbreak of listeriosis in late 2014 and early 2015 associated with caramel apples led to questions about how this product became a vector for Listeria monocytogenes. This investigation aimed to determine information about the survival and growth of L. monocytogenes in both fresh apples and caramel apples, specifically examining the effects of site and level of inoculation, inoculum drying conditions, and storage temperature. At a high inoculation level (7 log CFU per apple), L. monocytogenes inoculated at the stem end proliferated on Gala caramel apples at both 5 and 25°C and on Granny Smith caramel apples at 25°C by as much as 3 to 5 log CFU per apple. Fresh apples and caramel apples inoculated at the equatorial surface supported survival but not growth of the pathogen. Growth rates (μmax) for apples inoculated at the stem end, as determined using the Baranyi and Roberts growth model, were 1.64 ± 0.27 and 1.38 ± 0.20 log CFU per apple per day for Gala and Granny Smith caramel apples, respectively, stored at 25°C. At a low inoculation level (3 log CFU per apple), L. monocytogenes inoculated at the stem end and the equatorial surface survived but did not grow on fresh Gala and Granny Smith apples stored at 25°C for 49 days; however, on caramel apples inoculated at the stem end, L. monocytogenes had significant growth under the same conditions. Although certain conditions did not support growth, the pathogen was always detectable by enrichment culture. The inoculation procedure had a significant effect on results; when the inoculum was allowed to dry for 24 h at 5°C, growth was significantly slowed compared with inoculum allowed to dry for 2 h at 25°C. Variation in stick materials did affect L. monocytogenes survival, but these differences were diminished once sticks were placed into caramel apples.

Efficacy of Prophyt when combined with Captec for control of peach scab in Alabama, 2014

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fungicides were evaluated for control of scab in a mid-ripening peach experimental block (‘Ruston Red’) located at the Chilton Area Research and Extension Center located in Clanton, AL. Chemical formulations were applied with an airblast sprayer (100 gal/A spray volume) at the petal fall and shuck s...

ATRF Ribbon-Cutting Ceremony Coincides with Chamber of Commerce Centennial Gala | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Frank Blanchard, Staff Writer U.S. Rep. Roscoe Bartlett, NCI Deputy Director for Management John Czajkowski, and SAIC Corporate Chief Executive Officer (CEO) John Jumper were joined by representatives of the Frederick County Chamber of Commerce in cutting the ribbon for the National Cancer Institute’s Advanced Technology Research Facility (ATRF).

Effectiveness of agricultural oils alongside fungicides in the late dormant treatment for suppression of peach scab in Georgia, 2016

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The efficacy of different fungicide applications for control of peach scab was tested on cv Flameprince. The fungicidal applications were applied with an airblast sprayer with a spray volume of 100 gal/A. Control treatment regimens included a non-treated control, a standard fungicidal spray program ...

Preliminary identification of QTLs controlling water use efficiency in 'Gala' apple (Malus x domestica)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Water use efficiency (WUE) in plants is measured by the ratio of dry matter accumulation per unit of transpiration. The goal of this study was to determine if genomic regions positively affecting WUE could be identified in a ‘Royal Gala’ apple X Malus sieversii PI613981 mapping population (GMAL4593...

75 FR 38693 - National Organic Program; Amendments to the National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-06

... erecting barriers that would restrict their ability to compete in the market. The purpose is to fit... production industry. One comment informed that newer reigning varieties, such as Gala, Fuji, Jonagold, Pink... some producers are growing pears without the use of tetracycline for the organic market in the European...

Efficacy of Prophyt plus Captan when combined for control of peach scab in Georgia, 2014

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fungicides were evaluated for control of scab in an experimental peach block (‘Julyprince’) located at the USDA Research Station in Byron, GA. Chemical formulations were applied with an airblast sprayer (100 gal/A spray volume) on 27 March (petal fall to 1% shuck split), 2 Apr (shuck split to 10% sh...

Assessing Special Events.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neff, Bonita Dostal

Special events defined as being "newsworthy events" are becoming a way of American life. They are also a means for making a lot of money. Examples of special events that are cited most frequently are often the most minor of events; e.g., the open house, the new business opening day gala, or a celebration of some event in an organization.…

Views of the Apollo 11 Twentieth Anniversary Black Tie reception

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Views of the Apollo 11 Twentieth Anniversary Black Tie reception at the downtown Houston Hyatt Regency Hotel. Views include former JSC Directors Robert Gilruth and Christopher C. Kraft Jr. reminiscing with keynote speaker Walter Cronkite (39934); Apollo astronauts Tom Stafford (left) and Neil Armstrong (right) talk with former Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov (center) at the gala (39935).

Efficacy of ProPhyt mixed with a low rate of Captec for control of peach scab in South Carolina, 2014

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fungicides were evaluated for control of scab in a mid-ripening experimental nectarine block (‘Redgold’) located at the Clemson University Research Station in Seneca, SC. Chemical formulations were applied with a handgun sprayer (200 gal/A spray volume) on 1 Apr (petal fall), 9 Apr (shuck split) and...

Efficacy of Prophyt and Captan when combined for control of peach scab in Georgia, 2014 (Flameprince)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fungicides were evaluated for control of scab in an experimental peach block (‘Flameprince’) located at the USDA Research Station in Byron, GA. Chemical formulations were applied with an airblast sprayer (100 gal/A spray volume) on 27 March (petal fall to 1% shuck split), 3 Apr (shuck split to 10% s...

47th Vice President of the United States Joseph R. Biden, Jr. to deliver keynote address at HUPO2017 Global Leadership Gala Dinner | Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research

Cancer.gov

The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) and Prof Steve Pennington, UCD, chair of the organizing committee of HUPO2017 (the 16th HUPO World Congress) in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) International Cancer Proteogenome Consortium (ICPC) ann

Efficacy of agricultural oil and fungicide combinations as a late dormant treatment for control of peach scab in Alabama, 2016

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fungicides were evaluated for control of scab in a mid-ripening peach experimental block (‘Ruston Red’) located at the Chilton Area Research and Extension Center in Clanton, AL. Chemical formulations were applied with an airblast sprayer (112.5 gal/A spray volume). Treatment regimens included a non-...

Antioxidant and immunoregulatory activity of alkali-extractable polysaccharides from mung bean.

PubMed

Yao, Yang; Zhu, Yingying; Ren, Guixing

2016-03-01

Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seeds of mung beans and two polysaccharide sub-fractions (MAP-1 and MAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The average molecular weights (Mws) of MAP-1 and MAP-2 were 94.2 kDa and 60.4 kDa, respectively. Monosaccharide component analysis indicated that MAP-1 was composed of Rha, Ara, Glu, Gal, and GalA in a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5:0.3. MAP-2 consisted of Xyl, Rha, Gal, Glu and GalA with a relative molar ratio of 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5:0.2. Antioxidant assays indicated that both MAP-1 and MAP-2 exhibit significant antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. An in vitro study further showed that MAP-1 and MAP-2 were both able to stimulate the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the polysaccharides isolated in our study have immunoregulatory effects on macrophages and can be used as a beneficial health food. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

New findings on green sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) pectins: Rhamnogalacturonan and type I and II arabinogalactans.

PubMed

do Nascimento, Georgia Erdmann; Iacomini, Marcello; Cordeiro, Lucimara M C

2017-09-01

Polysaccharides were extracted from sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) with hot water and named ANW (9% yield). Starch was precipitated by freeze-thaw treatment, while pectic polysaccharides (8% yield) remained soluble and consisted of GalA (67.0%), Rha (1.6%), Ara (6.4%), Xyl (0.3%), Gal (6.7%) and Glc (4.4%). A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan (HG, degree of methylesterification of 85% and degree of acetylation of 5%), and type I and type II arabinogalactans (AG-I and AG-II) were observed in NMR analyses. These were fractionated with Fehling's solution to give HG (5.5% yield) and AG fractions (0.6% yield). AG-I and AG-II were further separated by ultrafiltration. AG-II (0.2% yield) consisted of Ara (17.1%), Gal (36.0%), Rha (5.6%) and GalA (12.0%), had a molecular weight of 5.3×10 4 g/mol and methylation and 1 H/ 13 C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses showed that it was anchored in type I rhamnogalacturonan. This is the first study that reports the presence of AG-I and AG-II in sweet pepper fruits. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Unusual immuno-modulatory triterpene-caffeates in the skins of russeted varieties of apples and pears.

PubMed

Andre, Christelle M; Larsen, Lesley; Burgess, Elaine J; Jensen, Dwayne J; Cooney, Janine M; Evers, Danièle; Zhang, Jingli; Perry, Nigel B; Laing, William A

2013-03-20

Three triterpene-caffeates have been isolated from skins of a russeted apple cultivar "Merton Russet" and identified by LC-MS and NMR as betulinic acid-3-cis-caffeate, betulinic acid-3-trans-caffeate, and oleanolic acid-3-trans-caffeate. Betulinic acid-3-trans-caffeate and oleanolic acid-3-trans-caffeate were also found in russeted pear skins. These compounds have not been previously reported in apples or pears, or in any other foods. Their presence was related to suberized tissue as they were only found in russet portions of the partially russeted apple cultivar "Cox's Orange Pippin" and were not detected in the waxy apple cultivar "Royal Gala". High concentrations of betulinic acid-3-trans-caffeate were found in the bark of both "Merton Russet" and "Royal Gala" trees. The three triterpene-caffeates showed anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, inhibiting NF-κB activation with IC50's of 6-9 μM. Betulinic acid-3-trans-caffeate, the predominant compound in the apples, was immuno-modulatory at around 10 μM in the in vitro and ex vivo bioassays, boosting production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα in cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

Transcriptomic response of resistant (P161983-Malus sieversii) and susceptible ("Royal Gala") genotypes of apple to blue mold (penicillium expansum) infection

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Malus sieversii from Central Asia is a progenitor of the modern domesticated apple (Malus × domestica). Several accessions of M. sieversii are highly resistant to the postharvest pathogen Penicillium expansum. A previous study identified the qM-Pe3.1 QTL on LG3 for resistance to P. expansum in the...

Border Security: Barriers Along the U.S. International Border

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-16

1980). 120 Mexican Government Press Release, “Crecimiento con Calidad: El Presidente Vicente Fox encabezará la cena de gala de la XI Cumbre Anual...and Roads at Various Project Areas Located in California, Arizona, New Mexico , and Texas...Diego Border Primary Fence The USBP’s San Diego sector extends along the first 66 miles from the Pacific Ocean of the international border with Mexico

Efficacy of Prophyt and Captan as a tank mix when combined for control of peach scab in Georgia, 2014

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fungicides were evaluated for control of scab in an experimental peach block (‘O’Henry’) located at the USDA Research Station in Byron, GA. Chemical formulations were applied with an airblast sprayer (100 gal/A spray volume) on 31 March (petal fall to 1% shuck split), 9 Apr (shuck split to 10% shuck...

Apple skin patterning is associated with differential expression of MYB10

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Some apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) varieties have attractive striping patterns, a quality attribute that is important for determining apple fruit market acceptance. Most apple cultivars (e.g. 'Royal Gala') produce fruit with a defined fruit pigment pattern, but in the case of 'Honeycrisp' apple, trees can produce fruits of two different kinds: striped and blushed. The causes of this phenomenon are unknown. Results Here we show that striped areas of 'Honeycrisp' and 'Royal Gala' are due to sectorial increases in anthocyanin concentration. Transcript levels of the major biosynthetic genes and MYB10, a transcription factor that upregulates apple anthocyanin production, correlated with increased anthocyanin concentration in stripes. However, nucleotide changes in the promoter and coding sequence of MYB10 do not correlate with skin pattern in 'Honeycrisp' and other cultivars differing in peel pigmentation patterns. A survey of methylation levels throughout the coding region of MYB10 and a 2.5 Kb region 5' of the ATG translation start site indicated that an area 900 bp long, starting 1400 bp upstream of the translation start site, is highly methylated. Cytosine methylation was present in all three contexts, with higher methylation levels observed for CHH and CHG (where H is A, C or T) than for CG. Comparisons of methylation levels of the MYB10 promoter in 'Honeycrisp' red and green stripes indicated that they correlate with peel phenotypes, with an enrichment of methylation observed in green stripes. Conclusions Differences in anthocyanin levels between red and green stripes can be explained by differential transcript accumulation of MYB10. Different levels of MYB10 transcript in red versus green stripes are inversely associated with methylation levels in the promoter region. Although observed methylation differences are modest, trends are consistent across years and differences are statistically significant. Methylation may be associated with the presence of a TRIM retrotransposon within the promoter region, but the presence of the TRIM element alone cannot explain the phenotypic variability observed in 'Honeycrisp'. We suggest that methylation in the MYB10 promoter is more variable in 'Honeycrisp' than in 'Royal Gala', leading to more variable color patterns in the peel of this cultivar. PMID:21599973

Impacts of climate change on soil erosion in Portuguese watersheds with contrasting Mediterranean climates and agroforestry practices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nunes, J. P.; Lima, J. C.; Bernard-Jannin, L.; Veiga, S.; Rodríguez-Blanco, M. L.; Sampaio, E.; Batista, D. P.; Zhang, R.; Rial-Rivas, M. E.; Moreira, M.; Santos, J. M.; Keizer, J. J.; Corte-Real, J.

2012-04-01

Climate change in Mediterranean regions could lead to higher winter rainfall intensity and, due to higher climatic aridity, lower vegetation cover. This could lead to increasing soil erosion rates, accelerating ongoing soil degradation and desertification processes. Adaptation to these scenarios would have costs and benefits associated with soil protection but also agroforestry production and water usage. This presentation will cover project ERLAND, which is studying these impacts for two headwater catchments (<1000 ha) in Portugal, located in distinct climatic conditions within the Mediterranean climate area, and their land-use practices are adapted to these conditions. The Macieira de Alcoba catchment in northern Portugal has a wet Mediterranean climate (1800 mm/yr, but with a dry summer season). The high rainfall allows the plantation of fast growing tree species (pine and eucalypt) in the higher slopes, and the irrigation of corn in the lower slopes. Forest fires are a recurring problem, linked with the high biomass growth and the occurrence of a dry season. Potential impacts of climate change include less favorable conditions for eucalypt growth, higher incidence of wildfires, and less available water for summer irrigation, all of which could lead to lower vegetation cover. The Guadalupe catchment in southern Portugal has a dry Mediterranean climate (700 mm/yr, falling mostly in winter). The land-use is montado, an association between sclerophyllous oaks (cork and holm oaks) and annual herbaceous plans (winter wheat or pasture). The region suffers occasional severe droughts; climate change has the potential to increase the frequency and severity of these droughts, leading to lower vegetation cover and, potentially, limiting the conditions for cork and holm oak growth. Each catchment has been instrumented with erosion measurement plots and flow and turbidity measurements at the outlet, together with surveys of vegetation and soil properties; measurements in Macieira began in 2010 and in Guadalupe they began in 2011. These datasets will be used to parameterize, calibrate and validate the SWAT ecohydrological model, in order to ensure the appropriate simulation of the most important hydrological, vegetation growth and erosion processes which could be impacted upon by climate change. The model will, in turn, be the main tool to study future climate and land-use scenarios. The presentation will focus on the data collected so far, the modeling structure, and preliminary results coming for the work.

Border Security: Barriers Along the U.S. International Border

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-21

Mexican Government Press Release, “Crecimiento con Calidad: El Presidente Vicente Fox encabezará la cena de gala de la XI Cumbre Anual Hemispheria San...international border with Mexico , and covers approximately 7,000 square miles of territory. Located north of Tijuana and Tecate, Mexican cities with a...The study concluded that aliens attempting to enter the United States from Mexico had shown remarkable resiliency in bypassing or destroying obstacles

Trehalose 6-phosphate signal is closely related to sorbitol in apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wen; Lunn, John E.; Feil, Regina; Wang, Yufei; Zhao, Jingjing; Tao, Hongxia; Zhao, Zhengyang

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a precursor of trehalose, which is widespread in nature and greatly influences plant growth and development. Tre6P acts as a signal of carbon availability in many plants, but little is known about the function of Tre6P in rosaceous plants, which have specific sorbitol biosynthesis and transportation pathways. In the present study, Tre6P levels and Sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were analyzed in apple (Malus domestica, Borkh. cv. Gala). Tre6P levels were positively correlated with sorbitol content but negatively correlated with sucrose, glucose, and fructose content in developing fruit. However, under sorbitol-limited conditions, Tre6P levels were positively correlated with both sorbitol and sucrose. In the presence of different exogenous sugar supply, Tre6P levels increased corresponding with sorbitol, but this was not the case with sucrose. In addition, Tre6P content and sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were more highly correlated with ADP-glucose levels under sorbitol-limited conditions and fruit development stages, respectively. These results suggest that Tre6P is more closely related to sorbitol than other soluble sugars and has an important role in influencing carbon metabolism in apple. PMID:28069587

Phenotypic changes associated with RNA interference silencing of chalcone synthase in apple (Malus × domestica).

PubMed

Dare, Andrew P; Tomes, Sumathi; Jones, Midori; McGhie, Tony K; Stevenson, David E; Johnson, Ross A; Greenwood, David R; Hellens, Roger P

2013-05-01

We have identified in apple (Malus × domestica) three chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. In order to understand the functional redundancy of this gene family RNA interference knockout lines were generated where all three of these genes were down-regulated. These lines had no detectable anthocyanins and radically reduced concentrations of dihydrochalcones and flavonoids. Surprisingly, down-regulation of CHS also led to major changes in plant development, resulting in plants with shortened internode lengths, smaller leaves and a greatly reduced growth rate. Microscopic analysis revealed that these phenotypic changes extended down to the cellular level, with CHS-silenced lines showing aberrant cellular organisation in the leaves. Fruit collected from one CHS-silenced line was smaller than the 'Royal Gala' controls, lacked flavonoids in the skin and flesh and also had changes in cell morphology. Auxin transport experiments showed increased rates of auxin transport in a CHS-silenced line compared with the 'Royal Gala' control. As flavonoids are well known to be key modulators of auxin transport, we hypothesise that the removal of almost all flavonoids from the plant by CHS silencing creates a vastly altered environment for auxin transport to occur and results in the observed changes in growth and development. © 2013 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Enzymatic extraction of pectin from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by-products using Celluclast®1.5L.

PubMed

Sabater, Carlos; Corzo, Nieves; Olano, Agustín; Montilla, Antonia

2018-06-15

The aim of this study was to optimise pectin extraction from artichoke by-products with Celluclast ® 1.5L using an experimental design analysed by response-surface methodology (RSM). The variables optimised were artichoke by-product powder concentration (2-7%, X 1 ), enzyme dose (2.2-13.3 U g -1 , X 2 ) and extraction time (6-24 h, X 3 ). The variables studied were galacturonic acid (GalA) (R 2 93.9) and pectic neutral sugars (R 2 92.8) content and pectin yield (R 2 88.6). In the optimum extraction conditions (X 1  = 6.5%; X 2  = 10.1 U g -1 ; X 3  = 27.2 h), pectin yield was 176 mgg -1 dry matter (DM). Considering 27.2 h of treatment as the +α value given by the design, the extraction time was increased up to 48 h obtaining a yield of 221 mg g -1 DM. The enzymatic method optimised allows obtaining artichoke pectin with good yield, high GalA (720 mg g -1 DM) and arabinose (127.6mgg -1 DM) contents and degree of methylation of 19.5%. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Trehalose 6-phosphate signal is closely related to sorbitol in apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala).

PubMed

Zhang, Wen; Lunn, John E; Feil, Regina; Wang, Yufei; Zhao, Jingjing; Tao, Hongxia; Guo, Yanping; Zhao, Zhengyang

2017-02-15

Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a precursor of trehalose, which is widespread in nature and greatly influences plant growth and development. Tre6P acts as a signal of carbon availability in many plants, but little is known about the function of Tre6P in rosaceous plants, which have specific sorbitol biosynthesis and transportation pathways. In the present study, Tre6P levels and Sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were analyzed in apple ( Malus domestica , Borkh. cv. Gala). Tre6P levels were positively correlated with sorbitol content but negatively correlated with sucrose, glucose, and fructose content in developing fruit. However, under sorbitol-limited conditions, Tre6P levels were positively correlated with both sorbitol and sucrose. In the presence of different exogenous sugar supply, Tre6P levels increased corresponding with sorbitol, but this was not the case with sucrose. In addition, Tre6P content and sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were more highly correlated with ADP-glucose levels under sorbitol-limited conditions and fruit development stages, respectively. These results suggest that Tre6P is more closely related to sorbitol than other soluble sugars and has an important role in influencing carbon metabolism in apple. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Volatile emission after controlled atmosphere storage of Mondial Gala apples (Malus domestica): relationship to some involved enzyme activities.

PubMed

Lara, Isabel; Echeverría, Gemma; Graell, Jordi; López, María Luisa

2007-07-25

Mondial Gala apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at 1 degrees C under either air or controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions (2 kPa O2/2 kPa CO2 and 1 kPa O2/1 kPa CO2), where they remained for 3 or 6 months. Data on emission of selected volatile esters, alcohol precursors, and activity of some aroma-related enzymes in both peel and pulp tissues were obtained during subsequent shelf life of fruit and submitted to multivariate analysis procedures. CA storage caused a decrease in the emission of volatile esters in comparison to storage in air. Results suggest that lessened ester production was the consequence of modifications in activities of alcohol o-acyltransferase (AAT) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities. For short-term storage, inhibition of lipoxygenase activity in CA stored fruit possibly led to a shortage of lipid-derived substrates, resulting in decreased production of volatile esters in spite of substantial ester-forming capacity that allowed for some recovery of fruit capacity for ester emission during the shelf life. For long-term storage, strong inhibition of AAT activity in CA stored fruit in combination with low LOX activities resulted in unrecoverable diminution of biosynthesis of volatile esters.

RG-I regions from elderflower pectins substituted on GalA are strong immunomodulators.

PubMed

Ho, Giang Thanh Thi; Zou, Yuan-Feng; Wangensteen, Helle; Barsett, Hilde

2016-11-01

Sambuci flos, also known as elderflower, has traditionally been used and is still in use for treatment of various types of illnesses related to the immune system such as cold, flu, fever and inflammation. Pectic polysaccharides from 50% EtOH, 50°C water and 100°C water extracts from elderflowers were treated with endo-α-d-(1-4)-polygalacturonase after previous de-esterification with the intention of isolating hairy regions and relate variation in structure to immunomodulating activity. High molecular weight sub-fractions (25-29kDa) and medium molecular weight sub-fractions (6-17kDa) were isolated after enzymatic treatment in addition to oligogalacturonides. Structural elucidation indicated that RG-I regions with AG-I and AG-II sidechains were the predominant structures in the high molecular weight sub-fractions, and two of three 1,4-linked GalA units in the rhamnogalacturonan backbone were branched in either position 2 or 3. The medium molecular weight sub-fractions had monomers and linkages typical for both RG-I and RG-II. The results showed that the high molecular RG-I containing polymers exhibit the highest dose-dependent complement fixing and macrophage stimulating activities. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Border Security: Barriers Along the U.S. International Border

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-30

Crecimiento con Calidad: El Presidente Vicente Fox encabezará la cena de gala de la XI Cumbre Anual Hemispheria San Pedro 2005: Rubén Aguilar, Vocero de ...Pacific Ocean of the international border with Mexico , and covers approximately 7,000 square miles of territory. Located north of Tijuana and Tecate...had entered the country illegally.15 The study concluded that aliens attempting to enter the United States from Mexico had shown remarkable

Proper Motion Of Teh Magellanic Clouds Using SPM

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

determinado los movimientos propios absolutos para estrellas y galaxias hasta V = 17.5 sobre un área de 450 grados cuadrados que incluye a las Nubes...tos propios fueron combinadas en una solución de traslapo usando estrellas fotométricamente seleccionadas del disco galáctico como sistema de...referencia relativo, que luego fue transformado a uno absoluto usando galaxias externas y al ICRS usando estrellas Hipparcos. El catálogo resultante se usa

A hydrodynamic modelling of proposed dams in reducing flood hazard in Kelantan Catchment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maruti, S. F.; Amerudin, S.; Kadir, W. H. W.; Yusof, Z. M.

2018-04-01

Flood is natural disaster that can cause damage and death. The flood that hit Kelantan in 2014 was the worst flood in Malaysian history. Although the disaster could not be avoided, awareness and preparedness could have helped to reduce the impact. Kuala Krai located at the downstream area in Kelantan catchment is the most affected due to the 2014 floods. The confluence of Lebir and Galas rivers into Kelantan river has led to the increase of flood magnitude to the downstream area. Therefore, Kemubu dam and Lebir dam, located along Galas river and Lebir river, respectively, have been proposed by the Kelantan authority to reduce the flood hazard. In this paper, a hydrodynamic modelling study is carried out, which is coupled of 1D and 2D model to simulate the flood event with and without the proposed dams. The model is developed using a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), which was generated from Airborne LiDAR and SRTM data sources. The hydrograph and water level for 2014 floods event were obtained and was set as an input data for boundary conditions. The modelling results of maximum velocity of 33 m/s and water depth of 19 m were used to generate flood hazard map. The result has found that the proposed dams were able to reduce the flood hazard, particularly at Kuala Krai, Kelantan.

Ethanol reduces ripening of 'Royal Gala' apples stored in controlled atmosphere.

PubMed

Weber, Anderson; Brackmann, Auri; Both, Vanderlei; Pavanello, Elizandra P; Anese, Rogerio O; Schorr, Márcio R W

2016-03-01

This work aims at evaluate ethanol effect of acetaldehyde application in post-storage quality of 'Royal Gala' apples maintenance, and to compare them with consolidated storage techniques. Thus two experiments were performed during the years of 2008 and 2009. In the first experiment (2008), the application of ethanol, acetaldehyde or 1-MCP and ethylene scrubbing were tested. Fruits were stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) with 1.0kPa O2 and 2.0kPa CO2 at 0.5°C. In the second experiment (2009), the treatments tested were ethanol application combined or not with low relative humidity (LRH) and LRH alone. In this experiment, apples were stored in CA with 1.2kPa O2 + 2.5kPa CO2 at 0.5°C. After eight months of storage, 0.5 mL ethanol kg-1 apples month-1 or 0.25 mL acetaldehyde kg-1 apples month-1 increased mealiness, flesh browning, and decays incidence and reduced flesh firmness. In contrast, 0.3 mL ethanol kg-1 apples month-1, tested on second experiment, prevented fruit softening and decreased ACC oxidase activity and ethylene production. Although lower relative humidity was not efficient in maintaining post-storage quality, it enhanced the positive effect of ethanol application at 0.3 mL kg-1 apples month-1.

NCI Releases Video: Proteogenomics Research - On the Frontier of Precision Medicine | Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research

Cancer.gov

The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, announces the release of an educational video titled “Proteogenomics Research: On the Frontier of Precision Medicine."  Launched at the HUPO2017 Global Leadership Gala Dinner, catalyzed in part by the Cancer Moonshot initiative and featuring as keynote speaker the 47th Vice President of the United States of America Joseph R.

Mixed Mode for Group 4 Facsimile Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-11-07

8217,-,. " "- ".J"-"." 4 * 0 *0 0 OE3a Om ..4 A-31’ In a given document common content portions may occur se- vera . times like a log on several pages or a...t" M alo . Tbs. ttranislaesi "m’ tSo olmb o am6h hni35 86dt Roo Im abo gala h62e shawaA mug a 3400 booh digit" Nodes far ooupgomsm lbUSI 51 wt so I 11

Down-regulation of POLYGALACTURONASE1 alters firmness, tensile strength and water loss in apple (Malus x domestica) fruit.

PubMed

Atkinson, Ross G; Sutherland, Paul W; Johnston, Sarah L; Gunaseelan, Kularajathevan; Hallett, Ian C; Mitra, Deepali; Brummell, David A; Schröder, Roswitha; Johnston, Jason W; Schaffer, Robert J

2012-08-02

While there is now a significant body of research correlating apple (Malus x domestica) fruit softening with the cell wall hydrolase ENDO-POLYGALACTURONASE1 (PG1), there is currently little knowledge of its physiological effects in planta. This study examined the effect of down regulation of PG1 expression in 'Royal Gala' apples, a cultivar that typically has high levels of PG1, and softens during fruit ripening. PG1-suppressed 'Royal Gala' apples harvested from multiple seasons were firmer than controls after ripening, and intercellular adhesion was higher. Cell wall analyses indicated changes in yield and composition of pectin, and a higher molecular weight distribution of CDTA-soluble pectin. Structural analyses revealed more ruptured cells and free juice in pulled apart sections, suggesting improved integrity of intercellular connections and consequent cell rupture due to failure of the primary cell walls under stress. PG1-suppressed lines also had reduced expansion of cells in the hypodermis of ripe apples, resulting in more densely packed cells in this layer. This change in morphology appears to be linked with reduced transpirational water loss in the fruit. These findings confirm PG1's role in apple fruit softening and suggests that this is achieved in part by reducing cellular adhesion. This is consistent with previous studies carried out in strawberry but not with those performed in tomato. In apple PG1 also appears to influence other fruit texture characters such as juiciness and water loss.

Engineering fire blight resistance into the apple cultivar 'Gala' using the FB_MR5 CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene of Malus × robusta 5.

PubMed

Broggini, Giovanni A L; Wöhner, Thomas; Fahrentrapp, Johannes; Kost, Thomas D; Flachowsky, Henryk; Peil, Andreas; Hanke, Maria-Viola; Richter, Klaus; Patocchi, Andrea; Gessler, Cesare

2014-08-01

The fire blight susceptible apple cultivar Malus × domestica Borkh. cv. 'Gala' was transformed with the candidate fire blight resistance gene FB_MR5 originating from the crab apple accession Malus × robusta 5 (Mr5). A total of five different transgenic lines were obtained. All transgenic lines were shown to be stably transformed and originate from different transgenic events. The transgenic lines express the FB_MR5 either driven by the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter and the ocs terminator or by its native promoter and terminator sequences. Phenotyping experiments were performed with Mr5-virulent and Mr5-avirulent strains of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. Significantly less disease symptoms were detected on transgenic lines after inoculation with two different Mr5-avirulent E. amylovora strains, while significantly more shoot necrosis was observed after inoculation with the Mr5-virulent mutant strain ZYRKD3_1. The results of these experiments demonstrated the ability of a single gene isolated from the native gene pool of apple to protect a susceptible cultivar from fire blight. Furthermore, this gene is confirmed to be the resistance determinant of Mr5 as the transformed lines undergo the same gene-for-gene interaction in the host-pathogen relationship Mr5-E. amylovora. © 2014 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage

DOE PAGES

Saez-Aguayo, Susana; Rautengarten, Carsten; Temple, Henry; ...

2017-01-01

UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is transported into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), UDP-arabinose, and UDP-xylose. To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. As a result, we identified UUAT1, which encodes a Golgi-localized protein that transports UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA in vitro. The seed coat ofmore » uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. Furthermore, the GlcA content of glucuronoxylan in the stem was not affected in the mutant. Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1. These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix.« less

UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saez-Aguayo, Susana; Rautengarten, Carsten; Temple, Henry

UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is transported into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), UDP-arabinose, and UDP-xylose. To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. As a result, we identified UUAT1, which encodes a Golgi-localized protein that transports UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA in vitro. The seed coat ofmore » uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. Furthermore, the GlcA content of glucuronoxylan in the stem was not affected in the mutant. Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1. These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix.« less

UUAT1 Is a Golgi-Localized UDP-Uronic Acid Transporter That Modulates the Polysaccharide Composition of Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage[OPEN

PubMed Central

Saez-Aguayo, Susana; Rautengarten, Carsten; Temple, Henry; Sanhueza, Dayan; Ejsmentewicz, Troy; Sandoval-Ibañez, Omar; Parra-Rojas, Juan Pablo; Ebert, Berit; Reyes, Francisca C.

2017-01-01

UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for production of seed mucilage. Following synthesis in the cytosol, it is transported into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), UDP-arabinose, and UDP-xylose. To identify the Golgi-localized UDP-GlcA transporter, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in genes coding for putative nucleotide sugar transporters for altered seed mucilage, a structure rich in the GalA-containing polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. As a result, we identified UUAT1, which encodes a Golgi-localized protein that transports UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA in vitro. The seed coat of uuat1 mutants had less GalA, rhamnose, and xylose in the soluble mucilage, and the distal cell walls had decreased arabinan content. Cell walls of other organs and cells had lower arabinose levels in roots and pollen tubes, but no differences were observed in GalA or xylose contents. Furthermore, the GlcA content of glucuronoxylan in the stem was not affected in the mutant. Interestingly, the degree of homogalacturonan methylation increased in uuat1. These results suggest that this UDP-GlcA transporter plays a key role defining the seed mucilage sugar composition and that its absence produces pleiotropic effects in this component of the plant extracellular matrix. PMID:28062750

Effect of location in the canopy on the colour development of three apple cultivars during growth.

PubMed

Unuk, Tatjana; Tijskens, L M M Pol; Germšek, Blaž; Zadravec, Peter; Vogrin, Andrej; Hribar, Janez; Simčič, Marjan; Tojnko, Stanislav

2012-09-01

Homogeneity in appearance is one of the quality aspects asked for in the supply chain. Decreasing the biological variation in batches of harvested apples (cultivars Braeburn, Fuji and Gala) becomes increasingly important. Skin colour is one of the aspects that determine both optimal harvest and stage of development. Skin colour is affected by location in the canopy. The rules of development of biological variation are now established and will be used on skin colour data. The Minolta colour aspects a*, b* and L* measured before commercial harvest change in a sigmoidal fashion and can be analysed including the biological variation, with a logistic model in indexed nonlinear regression, obtaining explained parts of above 90%. The mechanism of colour change is not affected by state of development or location in the canopy. The location in the canopy affects the intensity of both red and green colouring compounds. The variation in colouration is not affected by the location in the canopy. The red-coloured apple cultivar (Gala) depends more on the location in the canopy than the less-coloured cultivars (Fuji and Braeburn). The colour development in Fuji apples is considerably slower, with a much larger variation in stage of development. The location in the canopy affects all aspects of biological variation (biological shift factor and asymptotic starting level of colouration) for all three colour aspects L*, a* and b*, but only the mean value, not the standard deviation. The biological shift factors per colour aspects are linearly related. Once induced, variation remains constant during development. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.

Evidence that family 35 carbohydrate binding modules display conserved specificity but divergent function

PubMed Central

Montanier, Cedric; van Bueren, Alicia Lammerts; Dumon, Claire; Flint, James E.; Correia, Marcia A.; Prates, Jose A.; Firbank, Susan J.; Lewis, Richard J.; Grondin, Gilles G.; Ghinet, Mariana G.; Gloster, Tracey M.; Herve, Cecile; Knox, J. Paul; Talbot, Brian G.; Turkenburg, Johan P.; Kerovuo, Janne; Brzezinski, Ryszard; Fontes, Carlos M. G. A.; Davies, Gideon J.; Boraston, Alisdair B.; Gilbert, Harry J.

2009-01-01

Enzymes that hydrolyze complex carbohydrates play important roles in numerous biological processes that result in the maintenance of marine and terrestrial life. These enzymes often contain noncatalytic carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) that have important substrate-targeting functions. In general, there is a tight correlation between the ligands recognized by bacterial CBMs and the substrate specificity of the appended catalytic modules. Through high-resolution structural studies, we demonstrate that the architecture of the ligand binding sites of 4 distinct family 35 CBMs (CBM35s), appended to 3 plant cell wall hydrolases and the exo-β-d-glucosaminidase CsxA, which contributes to the detoxification and metabolism of an antibacterial fungal polysaccharide, is highly conserved and imparts specificity for glucuronic acid and/or Δ4,5-anhydrogalaturonic acid (Δ4,5-GalA). Δ4,5-GalA is released from pectin by the action of pectate lyases and as such acts as a signature molecule for plant cell wall degradation. Thus, the CBM35s appended to the 3 plant cell wall hydrolases, rather than targeting the substrates of the cognate catalytic modules, direct their appended enzymes to regions of the plant that are being actively degraded. Significantly, the CBM35 component of CsxA anchors the enzyme to the bacterial cell wall via its capacity to bind uronic acid sugars. This latter observation reveals an unusual mechanism for bacterial cell wall enzyme attachment. This report shows that the biological role of CBM35s is not dictated solely by their carbohydrate specificities but also by the context of their target ligands. PMID:19218457

Cadmium distribution in field-grown fruit trees

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Korcak, R.F.

The effect of soil applied Cd on Cd distribution in and growth of five species of fruit trees was investigated. Cadmium was applied at three rates (0, 5, and 10 mg kg{sup {minus}1} soil) as CdSO{sub 4} to orchard plots established at two pH levels, low (5.5) and high (6.5). Five fruit tree types were planted: Gala apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) budded on M.26 (dwarfing) or MM.111 (semistandard) rootstocks, Redskin peach (Prunus persica L.) on Lovell rootstock, Stanley plum (Prunus domestica L.) on Myrobalon rootstock, and Seckel pear (Pyrus communis L.) on seedling rootstock. The trees were grown for 6more » yr, 7 yr in the case of pear, and leaf, bark, wood, fruit, and root Cd concentrations were monitored. Gala apple on both rootstocks accumulated very small concentrations of Cd, usually 0.1 mg kg{sup {minus}1} dry wt. in all tissues tested. Peach and plum were intermediate in Cd accumulation, but both still relatively low. Seckel pear had high Cd concentrations in all tissues including fruit flesh and peel. Pear leaf Cd concentrations were 2.0 mg kg{sup {minus}1} from the 10 mg kg{sup {minus}1} soil Cd application after 5 yr. Pear fruit peel and flesh showed elevated, although nonsignificant, Cd concentrations with increased Cd applied. There was little difference between bark and wood tissue Cd concentrations independent of tree type. Root Cd concentrations were highest for pear followed by peach and plum, and lowest in apple.« less

QTL and candidate gene mapping for polyphenolic composition in apple fruit

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The polyphenolic products of the phenylpropanoid pathway, including proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and flavonols, possess antioxidant properties that may provide health benefits. To investigate the genetic architecture of control of their biosynthesis in apple fruit, various polyphenolic compounds were quantified in progeny from a 'Royal Gala' × 'Braeburn' apple population segregating for antioxidant content, using ultra high performance liquid chromatography of extracts derived from fruit cortex and skin. Results Construction of genetic maps for 'Royal Gala' and 'Braeburn' enabled detection of 79 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for content of 17 fruit polyphenolic compounds. Seven QTL clusters were stable across two years of harvest and included QTLs for content of flavanols, flavonols, anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids. Alignment of the parental genetic maps with the apple whole genome sequence in silico enabled screening for co-segregation with the QTLs of a range of candidate genes coding for enzymes in the polyphenolic biosynthetic pathway. This co-location was confirmed by genetic mapping of markers derived from the gene sequences. Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR1) co-located with a QTL cluster for the fruit flavanols catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin dimer and five unknown procyanidin oligomers identified near the top of linkage group (LG) 16, while hydroxy cinnamate/quinate transferase (HCT/HQT) co-located with a QTL for chlorogenic acid concentration mapping near the bottom of LG 17. Conclusion We conclude that LAR1 and HCT/HQT are likely to influence the concentration of these compounds in apple fruit and provide useful allele-specific markers for marker assisted selection of trees bearing fruit with healthy attributes. PMID:22269060

Chemical characterization with in vitro biological activities of Gypsophila species.

PubMed

Zheleva-Dimitrova, Dimitrina; Zengin, Gokhan; Balabanova, Vessela; Voynikov, Yulian; Lozanov, Valentin; Lazarova, Irina; Gevrenova, Reneta

2018-06-05

Methanol-aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of Gypsophila glomerata (GGE), G. trichotoma (GTE) and G. perfoliata (GPE) were investigated for antioxidant potential using different in vitro models, as well as for phenolic and flavonoid contents. The possible anti-cholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-amylase and anti-glucosidase activities were also tested. The flavonoid variability was analyzed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Eleven C-glycosyl flavones and 4 O-glycosyl flavonoids, including 2"-O-pentosyl-6-C-hexosyl-apigenin/methylluteolin, as well as their mono(di)-acetyl derivatives were found in GGE. Both GGE and GTE shared 2"-pentosyl-6-C-hexosyl-luteolin together with the common saponarin, homoorientin, orientin, isovitexin and vitexin, while di C-glycosyl flavones were evidenced only in GPE. The highest radical scavenging in both ABTS and DPPH assays was noted in GPE, as well as ferric and cupric reducing abilities. However, GTE had the strongest metal chelating activity (17.44 ± 0.51 mg EDTAE/g extract). GPE and GGE were more potent as acetylcholinesterases inhibitors witnessed by 2.09 ± 0.02 mg GALAE/g extract and 1.59 ± 0.09 mgGALAE/g extract, respectively. All flavonoids were found in G. glomerata for the first time. Therefore, further isolation and structural elucidation of newly described acetylated flavonoids are needed in order to determine their relevance in the beneficial properties of the plant. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of single- and double-chain fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon galactosyl amphiphiles and their anti-HIV-1 activity.

PubMed

Faroux-Corlay, B; Clary, L; Gadras, C; Hammache, D; Greiner, J; Santaella, C; Aubertin, A M; Vierling, P; Fantini, J

2000-07-24

Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is an alternative receptor allowing HIV-1 entry into CD4(-)/GalCer(+) cells. This glycosphingolipid recognizes the V3 loop of HIV gp120, which plays a key role in the fusion of the HIV envelope and cellular membrane. To inhibit HIV uptake and infection, we designed and synthesized analogs of GalCer. These amphiphiles and bolaamphiphiles consist of single and double hydrocarbon and/or fluorocarbon chain beta-linked to galactose and galactosamine. They derive from serine (GalSer), cysteine (GalCys), and ethanolamine (GalAE). The anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of these galactolipids were evaluated in vitro on CEM-SS (a CD4(+) cell line), HT-29, a CD4(-) cell line expressing high levels of GalCer receptor, and/or HT29 genetically modified to express CD4. GalSer and GalAE derivatives, tested in aqueous medium or as part of liposome preparation, showed moderate anti-HIV-1 activities (IC50 in the 20-220 microM range), whereas none of the GalCys derivatives was found to be active. Moreover, only some of these anti-HIV active analogs inhibited the binding of [3H]suramin (a polysulfonyl compound which displays a high affinity for the V3 loop) to SPC3, a synthetic peptide which contains the conserved GPGRAF region of the V3 loop. Our results most likely indicate that the neutralization of the virion through masking of this conserved V3 loop region is not the only mechanism involved in the HIV-1 antiviral activity of our GalCer analogs.

Mitigation of soil water repellency improves rootzone water status and yield in precision irrigated apples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kostka, S.; Gadd, N.; Bell, D.

2009-04-01

Water repellent soils are documented to impact a range of hydrological properties, yet studies evaluating the consequences of soil water repellency (SWR) and its mitigation on crop yield and quality are conspicuously absent. With global concerns on drought and water availability and the projected impacts of climate change, development of novel strategies to optimize efficient rootzone delivery of water are required. Co-formulations of alkyl polyglycoside (APG) and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymer surfactants have been shown to improve wetting synergistically. The objectives of this study were to determine if this surfactant technology: 1) increased soil water content and wetting front depth in mini-sprinkler irrigated, water repellent, Goulburn Valley clay loam soils and 2) assess the consequence of SWR mitigation on yield of Malus domestica Borkh. Three trials were conducted in the apple varieties 'Pink Lady' (2006/07 and 2007/08) and 'Gala' (2007/08) growing on Goulburn Valley clay loam soils in Victoria, AU. The test design was a randomized complete block with treatments replicated 5-6 times. Plot size varied by location. SWR was mitigated by applying surfactant at initial rates of 0, 5, or 10 L ha-1 in the spring, then at 0, 2.5, or 5 L ha-1 monthly for up to four months and compared to an untreated control. Treatments were applied to tree lines using a hand held small plot sprayer (118 liters of spray solution ha-1) followed by irrigation within 1-3 days of treatment applications. At each location, plots were irrigated by mini sprinklers and received the same irrigation volumes and management practices. Soil volumetric water content (VWC) was monitored at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm using a Theta probe (Delta-T Devices, Cambridge, UK). At harvest, fruit number and weights were measured and used for crop yield estimations. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with mean values summarized and separated using Least Significant Test at 5% level of probability. As surfactant rate increased, wetting front depth increased and soil VWC increased for the surfactant treatments (p=0.05). Soil VWC was significantly lower (p=0.05) in untreated soils than in the surfactant treatments on each measurement date throughout the growing season. In the surfactant treatments, soil VWC at the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths of the soil profile were 2-5 percentage points higher than at the same depths in the untreated control (p=0.05). Mean fruit size for the variety 'Pink Lady' was 17-33 g greater in the surfactant treatments than in the untreated control in the 2006/07 and 2007/08 seasons, respectively (p=0.05). Mean fruit size differences of 41 g were observed between surfactant treatments and the untreated control in the single year of results for the variety 'Gala'. Due to thinning, there were no differences in fruit number. Total yield (kg tree-1) differed significantly between the untreated and surfactant treated plots (p=0.05), however, yields between the two surfactant treatment rates were statistically equivalent. In the variety 'Pink Lady', surfactant treatment increased total yield by approximately 20% in each of the two test seasons. Yield increases in the surfactant treated 'Gala' were nearly 50% greater than the untreated control. When examining the yield differences on a hectare basis, yield increases of 3.7 - 6.0 Mg kg ha-1 were encountered between the surfactant treatments and the control in the two varieties tested. Mitigation of SWR resulted in increased net return of 6,000 - 9000 ha-1 for the variety 'Pink Lady' and 3,600 ha-1 for the cultivar 'Gala'. This study demonstrates that simple innovative management strategies such as low level surfactant treatments to water repellent soils resulted in improved infiltration, increased rootzone water reserves, and significant increases in apple yield and quality under deficit irrigation.

DIY identity kit: the Great American Lesbian Art Show.

PubMed

Thompson, Margo Hobbs

2010-01-01

The Great American Lesbian Art Show, which opened at the Woman's Building in Los Angeles in May 1980, was conceived to increase visibility for lesbian artists, and to forge bonds among lesbians across the United States. It comprised a curated Invitational of ten artists and scores of regional GALAS events mounted simultaneously by women from Boston to Honolulu. The art on view, documented in a slide archive, staged a critique of contemporary gender norms. Participating artists represented lesbian identities that claimed universality while they reflected the artists' particularized experience of woman-identification and sexual desire.

Characterisation of microRNAs from apple (Malus domestica 'Royal Gala') vascular tissue and phloem sap.

PubMed

Varkonyi-Gasic, Erika; Gould, Nick; Sandanayaka, Manoharie; Sutherland, Paul; MacDiarmid, Robin M

2010-08-04

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that play an important role in development and environmental responses. Hundreds of plant miRNAs have been identified to date, mainly from the model species for which there are available genome sequences. The current challenge is to characterise miRNAs from plant species with agricultural and horticultural importance, to aid our understanding of important regulatory mechanisms in crop species and enable improvement of crops and rootstocks. Based on the knowledge that many miRNAs occur in large gene families and are highly conserved among distantly related species, we analysed expression of twenty-one miRNA sequences in different tissues of apple (Malus x domestica 'Royal Gala'). We identified eighteen sequences that are expressed in at least one of the tissues tested. Some, but not all, miRNAs expressed in apple tissues including the phloem tissue were also detected in the phloem sap sample derived from the stylets of woolly apple aphids. Most of the miRNAs detected in apple phloem sap were also abundant in the phloem sap of herbaceous species. Potential targets for apple miRNAs were identified that encode putative proteins shown to be targets of corresponding miRNAs in a number of plant species. Expression patterns of potential targets were analysed and correlated with expression of corresponding miRNAs. This study validated tissue-specific expression of apple miRNAs that target genes responsible for plant growth, development, and stress response. A subset of characterised miRNAs was also present in the apple phloem translocation stream. A comparative analysis of phloem miRNAs in herbaceous species and woody perennials will aid our understanding of non-cell autonomous roles of miRNAs in plants.

Effect of extraction condition on properties of pectin from banana peels and its function as fat replacer in salad cream.

PubMed

Maneerat, Nitjaree; Tangsuphoom, Nattapol; Nitithamyong, Anadi

2017-02-01

Banana peels are wasted from banana processing industry. Pectin is a soluble dietary fibre usually prepared from fruit and vegetable processing wastes. Pectin extraction from banana peels thus should be an effective way of waste utilization. This study aimed to determine the effect of extraction condition on the properties of pectin from peels of Nam Wa banana ( Musa (ABB group) 'Kluai Nam Wa') and its role as fat replacer in salad cream. Banana peel pectin (BPP) was extracted with HCl (pH 1.5) and water (pH 6.0) for 30-120 min at 90 ± 5 °C. Acid extraction yielded 7-11% pectin on a dry basis with galacturonic acid content (GalA), degree of methylation (DM), and viscosity-average molecular weight (M v ) of 42-47, 57-61%, and 17-40 kDa, respectively; while water-extracted BPP contained lower DM but higher GalA and M v . Prolonged extraction raised the pectin yield but lowered the M v of BPP and the viscosity of their solutions. Incorporation of BPP obtained from 60 min acid- and water-extraction into salad cream at 30% oil substitution level resulted in the decreases in viscosity and lightness. All reduced-fat samples were stable to cream separation during 3-weeks storage although the formula containing water-extracted BPP had larger oil droplet size and greater extent of droplet flocculation. There was no difference in sensory scores rated by 50 panelists on thickness, smoothness, and overall acceptability of the full- and reduced-fat salad creams. Therefore, Nam Wa banana peels can be an alternative source of pectin with potential application as fat replacer in food products.

Characterisation of microRNAs from apple (Malus domestica 'Royal Gala') vascular tissue and phloem sap

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that play an important role in development and environmental responses. Hundreds of plant miRNAs have been identified to date, mainly from the model species for which there are available genome sequences. The current challenge is to characterise miRNAs from plant species with agricultural and horticultural importance, to aid our understanding of important regulatory mechanisms in crop species and enable improvement of crops and rootstocks. Results Based on the knowledge that many miRNAs occur in large gene families and are highly conserved among distantly related species, we analysed expression of twenty-one miRNA sequences in different tissues of apple (Malus x domestica 'Royal Gala'). We identified eighteen sequences that are expressed in at least one of the tissues tested. Some, but not all, miRNAs expressed in apple tissues including the phloem tissue were also detected in the phloem sap sample derived from the stylets of woolly apple aphids. Most of the miRNAs detected in apple phloem sap were also abundant in the phloem sap of herbaceous species. Potential targets for apple miRNAs were identified that encode putative proteins shown to be targets of corresponding miRNAs in a number of plant species. Expression patterns of potential targets were analysed and correlated with expression of corresponding miRNAs. Conclusions This study validated tissue-specific expression of apple miRNAs that target genes responsible for plant growth, development, and stress response. A subset of characterised miRNAs was also present in the apple phloem translocation stream. A comparative analysis of phloem miRNAs in herbaceous species and woody perennials will aid our understanding of non-cell autonomous roles of miRNAs in plants. PMID:20682080

Changes in cell wall pectins and their relation to postharvest mesocarp softening of "Hass" avocados (Persea americana Mill.).

PubMed

Defilippi, Bruno G; Ejsmentewicz, Troy; Covarrubias, María Paz; Gudenschwager, Orianne; Campos-Vargas, Reinaldo

2018-05-17

The avocado is a climacteric fruit and begins a softening process after harvest. During ripening, the mesocarp changes in texture, and this affects fruit quality and cold storage capacity. Softening is commonly associated with cell wall disassembly in climacteric fruits. However, changes in the cell wall structure and composition during avocado softening are poorly understood. To understand this process, cell wall pectins in "Hass" avocado fruit were studied during ripening at 20 °C after harvest and after cold storage. Additionally, avocados were treated with 1-MCP to evaluate the delay in softening. Biochemical analysis showed a decrease in galacturonic acid (GalA) in alcohol-insoluble residues (AIR) and water-soluble pectin concomitant to softening, paralleled by an increase in polygalacturonase (PG) activity. In the same way, the β-galactosidase activity increased in soft avocado fruit, along with a reduction in galactose in cell wall material and the Na 2 CO 3 -soluble fraction. The arabinose content in the cell wall material did not change during softening. However, there was a change in arabinose ratios between the different fractions of pectin, mainly in the fractions soluble in water and in Na 2 CO 3 . The cold storage of avocado fruit did not induce softening of the fruit, but the content of GalA showed a substantial decrease, accompanied by an increase in PG activity. Thus, our work supports the hypothesis that the solubilization of neutral sugars such as arabinose and rhamnose, as well as the loss of galactose content mediated by the enzyme β-galactosidase, were the main factors that began the coordinated action of cell wall remodeling enzymes that resulted in the loss of firmness of avocado fruit. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The AAT1 locus is critical for the biosynthesis of esters contributing to 'ripe apple' flavour in 'Royal Gala' and 'Granny Smith' apples.

PubMed

Souleyre, Edwige J F; Chagné, David; Chen, Xiuyin; Tomes, Sumathi; Turner, Rebecca M; Wang, Mindy Y; Maddumage, Ratnasiri; Hunt, Martin B; Winz, Robert A; Wiedow, Claudia; Hamiaux, Cyril; Gardiner, Susan E; Rowan, Daryl D; Atkinson, Ross G

2014-06-01

The 'fruity' attributes of ripe apples (Malus × domestica) arise from our perception of a combination of volatile ester compounds. Phenotypic variability in ester production was investigated using a segregating population from a 'Royal Gala' (RG; high ester production) × 'Granny Smith' (GS; low ester production) cross, as well as in transgenic RG plants in which expression of the alcohol acyl transferase 1 (AAT1) gene was reduced. In the RG × GS population, 46 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the production of esters and alcohols were identified on 15 linkage groups (LGs). The major QTL for 35 individual compounds was positioned on LG2 and co-located with AAT1. Multiple AAT1 gene variants were identified in RG and GS, but only two (AAT1-RGa and AAT1-GSa) were functional. AAT1-RGa and AAT1-GSa were both highly expressed in the cortex and skin of ripe fruit, but AAT1 protein was observed mainly in the skin. Transgenic RG specifically reduced in AAT1 expression showed reduced levels of most key esters in ripe fruit. Differences in the ripe fruit aroma could be perceived by sensory analysis. The transgenic lines also showed altered ratios of biosynthetic precursor alcohols and aldehydes, and expression of a number of ester biosynthetic genes increased, presumably in response to the increased substrate pool. These results indicate that the AAT1 locus is critical for the biosynthesis of esters contributing to a 'ripe apple' flavour. © 2014 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Biochemical characterisation of MdCXE1, a carboxylesterase from apple that is expressed during fruit ripening.

PubMed

Souleyre, Edwige J F; Marshall, Sean D G; Oakeshott, John G; Russell, Robyn J; Plummer, Kim M; Newcomb, Richard D

2011-05-01

Esters are an important component of apple (Malus×domestica) flavour. Their biosynthesis increases in response to the ripening hormone ethylene, but their metabolism by carboxylesterases (CXEs) is poorly understood. We have identified 16 members of the CXE multigene family from the commercial apple cultivar, 'Royal Gala', that contain all the conserved features associated with CXE members of the α/β hydrolase fold superfamily. The expression of two genes, MdCXE1 and MdCXE16 was characterised in an apple fruit development series and in a transgenic line of 'Royal Gala' (AO3) that is unable to synthesise ethylene in fruit. In wild-type MdCXE1 is expressed at low levels during early stages of fruit development, rising to a peak of expression in apple fruit at harvest maturity. It is not significantly up-regulated by ethylene in the skin of AO3 fruit. MdCXE16 is expressed constitutively in wild-type throughout fruit development, and is up-regulated by ethylene in skin of AO3 fruit. Semi-purified recombinant MdCXE1 was able to hydrolyse a range of 4-methyl umbelliferyl ester substrates that included those containing acyl moieties that are found in esters produced by apple fruit. Kinetic characterisation of MdCXE1 revealed that the enzyme could be inhibited by organophosphates and that its ability to hydrolyse esters showed increasing affinity (K(m)) but decreasing turnover (k(cat)) as substrate acyl carbon length increases from C2 to C16. Our results suggest that MdCXE1 may have an impact on apple flavour through its ability to hydrolyse relevant flavour esters in ripe apple fruit. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Schweickart and guest at ASVC prior to grand opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Apollo 9 Lunar Module Pilot Russell L. Schweikart poses in front of an Apollo Command and Service Module in the the new Apollo/Saturn V Center (ASVC) at KSC prior to the gala grand opening ceremony for the facility that was held Jan. 8, 1997. Several Apollo astronauts were invited to participate in the event, which also featured NASA Administrator Dan Goldin and KSC Director Jay Honeycutt. The ASVC also features several other Apollo program spacecraft components, multimedia presentations and a simulated Apollo/Saturn V liftoff. The facility will be a part of the KSC bus tour that embarks from the KSC Visitor Center.

Impacts of the post-fire erosion processes compared with the agricultural erosion rates for a mountain catchment in NW Iberia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marisa Santos, Juliana; Nunes, João Pedro; Bernard-Jannin, Léonard; Gonzalez Pelayo, Oscar; Keizer, Jan Jacob

2014-05-01

Mediterranean ecosystems are very vulnerable to soil erosion by water due to particular characteristics of climate, lithology and land use history. Moreover, the foreseen climate changes might worsen land degradation and desertification, in which soil erosion has been classified as one of the most important driving forces. In this context, the frequent forest fires seen in some Mediterranean regions can case disturbances to vegetation cover and enhance soil erosion processes. This work addresses this issue for the Caramulo mountain range, NW Iberia. In the past century, large land use changes occurred due to massive afforestation. Changes from mixed natural forest cover and shrublands to Pine, the introduction of Eucalyptus plantations and, more recently, a trend for the substitution of pines by eucalypts, are the evidence of a large and rapid land use change in the last decades. Forest fires started to occur as afforestation proceeded, as a consequence of the disappearance of pasturage and accumulation of highly inflammable material; they became more frequent after the 1960's and became a determinant factor for land use changes in this region. Data collection focused on the Macieira de Alcoba catchment, a headwater agro-forested catchment (94 ha) located in this region. It has a wet Mediterranean climate, with an average annual rainfall of about 1300 mm (2002-2012), concentrated in autumn and winter, while spring and summer are dryer seasons. The mean annual temperature is 14°C and in summer it can reach 35°C. The land use is mixed, with forest and agriculture lands covering respectively 60 and 35% of the catchment area, 5% being built-up areas in the village of Macieira de Alcoba. In the last decades, this catchment suffered several forest fires (in 1969, 1986, 1991, and 2011). Erosion processes are related with periods of low vegetation cover in autumn in fields with a pasture-corn rotation, but also with forest plantations after clear-cutting and especially after forest fires. The last forest fire in August 2011 burned 10% of the total area in the north-west part of the catchment. Post-fire management operations 9 month after the fire (clear-cutting and deep plowing operations) and after plantation of "Quercus robur" left the soil exposed, and relatively mild rainstorms led to large amounts of soil loss, including a large amount of rills and other erosion features. This constituted an opportunity to compare these erosion rates with the ones observed in agricultural fields for similar edapho-climatic conditions, and also observe distinct timing of erosion occurrence which was linked with different periods when soils are exposed. This communication presents the assessment of the impact of this fire on soil erosion rates, where results indicate that soil losses after soil preparation for forest replanting might be equivalent, in long-term, to soil losses in agricultural fields.

KSC-2012-6147

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-03

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Charles Duke, chairman of the board of directors for the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation welcomes guests who have gathered for the organization's dinner at the Radisson Resort at the Port in Cape Canaveral celebrating the 40th anniversary of Apollo 17. The gala commemorating the anniversary of Apollo 17 included mission commander Eugene Cernan and other astronauts who flew Apollo missions. Launched Dec. 7, 1972, Cernan and lunar module pilot Harrison Schmitt landed in the moon's Taurus-Littrow highlands while command module pilot Ronald Evans remained in lunar orbit operating a scientific instrument module. For more information, visit http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-17/apollo-17.htm Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2012-6146

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-03

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Charles Duke, chairman of the board of directors for the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation welcomes guests who have gathered for the organization's dinner at the Radisson Resort at the Port in Cape Canaveral celebrating the 40th anniversary of Apollo 17. The gala commemorating the anniversary of Apollo 17 included mission commander Eugene Cernan and other astronauts who flew Apollo missions. Launched Dec. 7, 1972, Cernan and lunar module pilot Harrison Schmitt landed in the moon's Taurus-Littrow highlands while command module pilot Ronald Evans remained in lunar orbit operating a scientific instrument module. For more information, visit http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-17/apollo-17.htm Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

An epigenome-wide association study of total serum IgE in Hispanic children.

PubMed

Chen, Wei; Wang, Ting; Pino-Yanes, Maria; Forno, Erick; Liang, Liming; Yan, Qi; Hu, Donglei; Weeks, Daniel E; Baccarelli, Andrea; Acosta-Perez, Edna; Eng, Celeste; Han, Yueh-Ying; Boutaoui, Nadia; Laprise, Catherine; Davies, Gwyneth A; Hopkin, Julian M; Moffatt, Miriam F; Cookson, William O C M; Canino, Glorisa; Burchard, Esteban G; Celedón, Juan C

2017-08-01

Total IgE is a therapeutic target in patients with allergic diseases. DNA methylation in white blood cells (WBCs) was associated with total IgE levels in an epigenome-wide association study of white subjects. Whether DNA methylation of eosinophils explains these findings is insufficiently understood. We tested for association between genome-wide DNA methylation in WBCs and total IgE levels in 2 studies of Hispanic children: the Puerto Rico Genetics of Asthma and Lifestyle Study (PR-GOAL; n = 306) and the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II) study (n = 573). Whole-genome methylation of DNA from WBCs was measured by using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Total IgE levels were measured by using the UniCAP 100 system. In PR-GOAL WBC types (ie, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) in peripheral blood were measured by using Coulter Counter techniques. In the GALA II study WBC types were imputed. Multivariable linear regression was used for the analysis of DNA methylation and total IgE levels, which was first conducted separately for each cohort, and then results from the 2 cohorts were combined in a meta-analysis. CpG sites in multiple genes, including novel findings and results previously reported in white subjects, were significantly associated with total IgE levels. However, adjustment for WBC types resulted in markedly fewer significant sites. Top findings from this adjusted meta-analysis were in the genes ZFPM1 (P = 1.5 × 10 -12 ), ACOT7 (P = 2.5 × 10 -11 ), and MND1 (P = 1.4 × 10 -9 ). In an epigenome-wide association study adjusted for WBC types (including eosinophils), methylation changes in genes enriched in pathways relevant to asthma and immune responses were associated with total IgE levels among Hispanic children. Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Polysaccharides obtained from bamboo shoots (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) processing by-products: New insight into ethanol precipitation and characterization.

PubMed

Zhang, Fusheng; Ran, ChunXia; Zheng, Jiong; Ding, Yongbo; Chen, Guangjing

2018-06-01

Chimonobambusa quadrangularis polysaccharides (CPS) were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction from bamboo shoots (C. quadrangularis) processing by-products. Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS70, CPS75 and CPS80, were obtained by precipitation at final ethanol concentrations of 70%, 75% and 80%, respectively. The physicochemical characterization and chemical antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharide fractions were compared on the basis of HPLC, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and antioxidant measurements in vitro. The results suggested that ethanol concentrations used for precipitation of CPS can affect its physicochemical and associated functional properties, and antioxidant activities. Compared with CPS70 and CPS80, CPS75 had lower glucose content, higher total sugar content, and higher protein and uronic acid contents. The CPS70 and CPS80 were composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Ara, but none of them were found to contain GalA. In contrast, CPS75 consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Ara. CPS75 had the lowest medium-high-molecular-weight value (116.53-118.18kDa) and the highest medium-low-molecular-weight value (21.30-22.68kDa). Meanwhile, CPS75 exhibited better functional properties including the repose angle, swelling capacity (SC), water retention capacity (WRC), and oil retention capacity (ORC). Moreover, CPS75 possessed higher scavenging capacities on DPPH, hydroxyl and ABTS radicals, higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (OARC), higher metal chelating activity, and more significant reducing power. According to the results above, a final ethanol concentration of 75% could be chose to precipitate polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (C. quadrangularis) processing by-products. In summary, it is strongly recommended that the ethanol concentration employed in precipitation of natural polysaccharides could be optimized in advance. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The effect of graphene oxide on adventitious root formation and growth in apple.

PubMed

Li, Feihong; Sun, Chao; Li, Xuehan; Yu, Xinyi; Luo, Chao; Shen, Yanying; Qu, Shenchun

2018-05-30

Graphene, a new type of nanomaterial, has unique physical properties and important potential biological applications. However, few studies have been conducted on the environmental impact of graphene. Therefore, to explore the effect of graphene on plants, three-week-old, tissue-cultured 'Gala' apple plants (Malus domestica) were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L) of graphene oxide (GO) and examined after 40 days. Results indicated that adventitious root length, moisture content and the number of lateral roots were all inhibited by 0.1-10 mg/L GO. At 0.1 and 1 mg/L GO, however, the number of adventitious roots and the rooting rate exhibited a significant increase, relative to the control (no GO). Treatment with GO increased the activities of oxidative stress enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apple plants, relative to controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly decreased at 10 mg/L GO. Treatment of apple plantlets with 0.1 mg/L GO increased the transcript abundance of auxin efflux carrier (PIN7, ABCB1) genes and auxin influx carrier (LAX2, LAX3) genes but inhibited the transcript levels of the ARR3 gene, which involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Additionally, the transcript levels of ARRO1, ARF19, and TTG1, which play roles in the formation of adventitious roots, lateral roots, and root hairs, respectively, were all decreased in response to treatment with 1 and 10 mg/L GO. Collectively, the results indicate that treatment of 'Gala' apple plants with 0.1 mg/L GO had a positive effect on root formation but a negative effect on root growth. This response may be related to the negative impact of GO on cellular structure and function. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Two Ganoderma species: profiling of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD, antioxidant, antimicrobial and inhibitory activities on key enzymes linked to diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and skin disorders.

PubMed

Zengin, Gokhan; Sarikurkcu, Cengiz; Gunes, Erdogan; Uysal, Ahmet; Ceylan, Ramazan; Uysal, Sengul; Gungor, Halil; Aktumsek, Abdurrahman

2015-08-01

This work reports the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and inhibitory effects of methanol and water extracts from Ganoderma applanatum (GAM: methanol extract and GAW: water extract) and G. resinaceum (GRM: methanol extract and GRW: water extract) against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The total phenolics, flavonoids contents, and HPLC profile of phenolic components present in the extracts, were also determined. Antioxidant activities were investigated by using different assays, including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating assays. Antimicrobial activity of the tested Ganoderma extracts was also studied by the broth microdilution method. Generally, the highest antioxidant (59.24 mg TEs per g extract for DPPH, 41.32 mg TEs per g extract for ABTS, 41.35 mg TEs per g extract for CUPRAC, 49.68 mg TEs per g extract for FRAP, 130.57 mg AAEs per g extract for phosphomolybdenum and 26.92 mg EDTAEs per g extract) and enzyme inhibitory effects (1.47 mg GALAEs per g extract for AChE, 1.51 mg GALAEs per g extract for BChE, 13.40 mg KAEs per g extract for tyrosinase, 1.13 mmol ACEs per g extract for α-amylase and 2.20 mmol ACEs per g extract for α-glucosidase) were observed in GRM, which had the highest concentrations of phenolics (37.32 mg GAEs g(-1) extract). Again, Ganoderma extracts possess weak antibacterial and antifungal activities. Apigenin and protocatechuic acid were determined as the main components in GRM (1761 μg per g extract) and GAM (165 μg per g extract), respectively. The results suggest that the Ganoderma species may be considered as a candidate for preparing new food supplements and can represent a good model for the development of new drug formulations.

Recovery and fine structure variability of RGII sub-domains in wine (Vitis vinifera Merlot)

PubMed Central

Buffetto, F.; Ropartz, D.; Zhang, X. J.; Gilbert, H. J.; Guillon, F.; Ralet, M.-C.

2014-01-01

Background and Aims Rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII) is a structurally complex pectic sub-domain composed of more than 12 different sugars and 20 different linkages distributed in five side chains along a homogalacturonan backbone. Although RGII has long been described as highly conserved over plant evolution, recent studies have revealed variations in the structure of the polysaccharide. This study examines the fine structure variability of RGII in wine, focusing on the side chains A and B obtained after sequential mild acid hydrolysis. Specifically, this study aims to differentiate intrinsic structural variations in these RGII side chains from structural variations due to acid hydrolysis. Methods RGII from wine (Vitis vinifera Merlot) was sequentially hydrolysed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and the hydrolysis products were separated by anion-exchange chromatography (AEC). AEC fractions or total hydrolysates were analysed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Key Results The optimal conditions to recover non-degraded side chain B, side chain A and RGII backbone were 0·1 m TFA at 40 °C for 16 h, 0·48 m TFA at 40 °C for 16 h (or 0·1 m TFA at 60 °C for 8 h) and 0·1 m TFA at 60 °C for 16 h, respectively. Side chain B was particularly prone to acid degradation. Side chain A and the RGII GalA backbone were partly degraded by 0·1 m TFA at 80 °C for 1–4 h. AEC allowed separation of side chain B, methyl-esterified side chain A and non-methyl-esterified side chain A. The structure of side chain A and the GalA backbone were highly variable. Conclusions Several modifications to the RGII structure of wine were identified. The observed dearabinosylation and deacetylation were primarily the consequence of acidic treatment, while variation in methyl-esterification, methyl-ether linkages and oxidation reflect natural diversity. The physiological significance of this variability, however, remains to be determined. PMID:24908680

The O-methyltransferase gene MdoOMT1 is required for biosynthesis of methylated phenylpropenes in ripe apple fruit.

PubMed

Yauk, Yar-Khing; Chagné, David; Tomes, Sumathi; Matich, Adam J; Wang, Mindy Y; Chen, Xiuyin; Maddumage, Ratnasiri; Hunt, Martin B; Rowan, Daryl D; Atkinson, Ross G

2015-06-01

Phenylpropenes, such as eugenol and trans-anethole, are important aromatic compounds that determine flavour and aroma in many herbs and spices. Some apple varieties produce fruit with a highly desirable spicy/aromatic flavour that has been attributed to the production of estragole, a methylated phenylpropene. To elucidate the molecular basis for estragole production and its contribution to ripe apple flavour and aroma we characterised a segregating population from a Royal Gala (RG, estragole producer) × Granny Smith (GS, non-producer) apple cross. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs; accounting for 9.2 and 24.8% of the variation) on linkage group (LG) 1 and LG2 were identified that co-located with seven candidate genes for phenylpropene O-methyltransferases (MdoOMT1-7). Of these genes, only expression of MdoOMT1 on LG1 increased strongly with ethylene and could be correlated with increasing estragole production in ripening RG fruit. Transient over-expression in tobacco showed that MdoOMT1 utilised a range of phenylpropene substrates and catalysed the conversion of chavicol to estragole. Royal Gala carried two alleles (MdoOMT1a, MdoOMT1b) whilst GS appeared to be homozygous for MdoOMT1b. MdoOMT1a showed a higher affinity and catalytic efficiency towards chavicol than MdoOMT1b, which could account for the phenotypic variation at the LG1 QTL. Multiple transgenic RG lines with reduced MdoOMT1 expression produced lower levels of methylated phenylpropenes, including estragole and methyleugenol. Differences in fruit aroma could be perceived in these fruit, compared with controls, by sensory analysis. Together these results indicate that MdoOMT1 is required for the production of methylated phenylpropenes in apple and that phenylpropenes including estragole may contribute to ripe apple fruit aroma. © 2015 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

KSC-2012-6140

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-03

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – The Astronaut Scholarship Foundation hosts a dinner at the Radisson Resort at the Port in Cape Canaveral celebrating the 40th anniversary of Apollo 17. An auction of space-related memorabilia was held with proceeds supporting college scholarships for students who exhibit imagination and exceptional performance in science, technology, engineering and math. The gala commemorating the anniversary of Apollo 17 included mission commander Eugene Cernan and other astronauts who flew Apollo missions. Launched Dec. 7, 1972, Cernan and lunar module pilot Harrison Schmitt landed in the moon's Taurus-Littrow highlands while command module pilot Ronald Evans remained in lunar orbit operating a scientific instrument module. For more information, visit http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-17/apollo-17.htm Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Cernan, Stafford, and Young talk at ASVC prior to grand opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Some of the former Apollo program astronauts tour the new Apollo/Saturn V Center (ASVC) at KSC prior to the gala grand opening ceremony for the facility that was held Jan. 8, 1997. The astronauts were invited to participate in the event, which also featured NASA Administrator Dan Goldin and KSC Director Jay Honeycutt. Discussing old times are (from left) Apollo 10 Lunar Module Pilot and Apollo 17 Commander Eugene A. Cernan; Apollo 10 Commander Thomas P. Stafford and Apollo 16 Commander John W. Young. The ASVC also features several other Apollo program spacecraft components, multimedia presentations and a simulated Apollo/ Saturn V liftoff. The facility will be a part of the KSC bus tour that embarks from the KSC Visitor Center.

KSC-2013-2217

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-04-27

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – At NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, previous winners of the National Space Club Florid Committee's Dr. Kurt H. Debus Award pose with this year's honoree, center director Bob Cabana. From the left, are: Rick Abramson, Dick Beagley, Dick Lyon, Patty Stratton, Lyle Holloway, Lee Solid, Cabana, Dr. Maxwell King, Bob Sieck, Jerry Jamison, Roy Tharpe and Ernie Briel. A former U.S. Marine Corps aviator and NASA astronaut, Cabana was honored at the gala Debus Award Dinner. Named for the spaceport’s first director, the Debus Award was created to recognize significant achievements and contributions made in Florida to American aerospace efforts. The Debus Award was created by the space club's Florida committee to recognize significant achievements and contributions made in Florida to American aerospace efforts. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

A search for Ganymede stereo images and 3D mapping opportunities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zubarev, A.; Nadezhdina, I.; Brusnikin, E.; Giese, B.; Oberst, J.

2017-10-01

We used 126 Voyager-1 and -2 as well as 87 Galileo images of Ganymede and searched for stereo images suitable for digital 3D stereo analysis. Specifically, we consider image resolutions, stereo angles, as well as matching illumination conditions of respective stereo pairs. Lists of regions and local areas with stereo coverage are compiled. We present anaglyphs and we selected areas, not previously discussed, for which we constructed Digital Elevation Models and associated visualizations. The terrain characteristics in the models are in agreement with our previous notion of Ganymede morphology, represented by families of lineaments and craters of various sizes and degradation stages. The identified areas of stereo coverage may serve as important reference targets for the Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) experiment on the future JUICE (Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer) mission.

Structure of a pectin methylesterase from Yersinia enterocolitica.

PubMed

Boraston, Alisdair B; Abbott, D Wade

2012-02-01

Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are family 8 carbohydrate esterases (CE8s) which remove the methyl group from methylesterified galacturonic acid (GalA) residues within pectin. Although the role of pectinases such as PMEs within dedicated phytopathogens has been well established, the significance of homologous enzymes found within the genomes of human enteropathogens remains to be determined. Presented here is the low-resolution (3.5 Å) structure of the CE8 from Yersinia enterocolitica (YeCE8). The high degree of structural conservation in the topology of the active-site cleft and catalytic apparatus that is shared with a characterized PME from a bacterial phytopathogen (i) indicates that YeCE8 is active on methylated pectin and (ii) highlights a more prominent role for pectin utilization in Yersinia than in other enteropathogenic species.

KSC-2012-6142

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-03

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – A guest checks out an item available for auction at the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation's dinner at the Radisson Resort at the Port in Cape Canaveral celebrating the 40th anniversary of Apollo 17. The auction of space-related memorabilia was held with proceeds supporting college scholarships for students who exhibit imagination and exceptional performance in science, technology, engineering and math. The gala commemorating the anniversary of Apollo 17 included mission commander Eugene Cernan and other astronauts who flew Apollo missions. Launched Dec. 7, 1972, Cernan and lunar module pilot Harrison Schmitt landed in the moon's Taurus-Littrow highlands while command module pilot Ronald Evans remained in lunar orbit operating a scientific instrument module. For more information, visit http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-17/apollo-17.htm Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Cernan, Stafford, and Young talk at ASVC prior to grand opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Some of the former Apollo program astronauts tour the new Apollo/Saturn V Center (ASVC) at KSC prior to the gala grand opening ceremony for the facility that was held Jan. 8, 1997. The astronauts were invited to participate in the event, which also featured NASA Administrator Dan Goldin and KSC Director Jay Honeycutt. Discussing old times beneath the KSC Apollo/Saturn V rocket inside the building are (from left) Apollo 10 Lunar Module Pilot and Apollo 17 Commander Eugene A. Cernan; Apollo 10 Commander Thomas P. Stafford and Apollo 16 Commander John W. Young. The ASVC also features several other Apollo program spacecraft components, multimedia presentations and a simulated Apollo/ Saturn V liftoff. The facility will be a part of the KSC bus tour that embarks from the KSC Visitor Center.

A new deepwater species of the snake eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from North Carolina

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCosker, J.E.; Ross, Steve W.

2007-01-01

Ophichthus brevirostris, a new species of snake eel, subfamily Ophichthinae, is described from a specimen trawled in deep water (406-440 m) off North Carolina. It is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: large orbit; filamentous pectoral fin; two preopercular pores; short snout; minute dentition; body coloration; and vertebral formula (13/60/153). It is most similar to Ophichthus arneutes from the Gala??pagos, O. genie from New Caledonia and Maldives, and two undescribed congeners from Seychelles and Tonga. It differs from them in its dorsalfin origin, dentition, and vertebral numbers. Its characteristics do not agree with that of any of the 15 known leptocephali of western Atlantic relatives. ?? 2007 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.

Fleet Mooring Leg Design Program Documentation. Volume 7. Source Listings: Table and Graphs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

cop3b ,wgt3. asgt3b, a s)lip,fr ict , cImp3, & scopi, Wgtl, 6 n&sep, & plx,plzpld, N 00 & p2x ,p2z ,P2d, & p3x p3z ,p3d, & hioad~hdir, & rbuoy ,xbuoy...XP-XPOINTl I( YP-YPOINT (Ii IF(JSW ED 1) GO TO 12S DELWX-WXU-WXL DELWY-WYU-WYL XP-(XPNT(I 1*OELWXI)/_,iLVX YP-(YPNT(I 3SOELWYJ/OELVY N’ 12S XF- ICT *XP...0) xcoord-xa a gym -S wrifelul .8) xcoord,hsym,isyn ws- 1 Soo continue * gYM -0 if (isg eq k) isym-S if (k ne 11 goto S0 xcoord-xm an gala 900 continue

Sensitization to mouse and cockroach allergens and asthma morbidity in urban minority youth: Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino American (GALA-II) and Study of African-Americans, Asthma, Genes, and Environments (SAGE-II).

PubMed

Fishbein, Anna B; Lee, Todd A; Cai, Miao; Oh, Sam S; Eng, Celeste; Hu, Donglei; Huntsman, Scott; Farber, Harold J; Serebrisky, Denise; Silverberg, Jonathan; Williams, L Keoki; Seibold, Max A; Sen, Saunak; Borrell, Luisa N; Avila, Pedro; Rodriguez-Cintron, William; Rodriguez-Santana, Jose R; Burchard, Esteban G; Kumar, Rajesh

2016-07-01

Pest allergen sensitization is associated with asthma morbidity in urban youth but minimally explored in Latino populations. Specifically, the effect of mouse sensitization on the risk of asthma exacerbation has been unexplored in Latino subgroups. To evaluate whether pest allergen sensitization is a predictor of asthma exacerbations and poor asthma control in urban minority children with asthma. Latino and African American children (8-21 years old) with asthma were recruited from 4 sites across the United States. Logistic regression models evaluated the association of mouse or cockroach sensitization with asthma-related acute care visits or hospitalizations. A total of 1,992 children with asthma in the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino American (GALA-II) and Study of African-Americans, Asthma, Genes, and Environments (SAGE-II) cohorts were studied. Asthmatic children from New York had the highest rate of pest allergen sensitization (42% mouse, 56% cockroach), with the lowest rate in San Francisco (4% mouse, 8% cockroach). Mouse sensitization, more than cockroach, was associated with increased odds of acute care visits (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.07-2.03) or hospitalizations (aOR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.81-5.18), even after controlling for self-reported race and site of recruitment. In stratified analyses, Mexican youth sensitized to mouse allergen did not have higher odds of asthma exacerbation. Other Latino and Puerto Rican youth sensitized to mouse had higher odds of hospitalization for asthma (aORs, 4.57 [95% CI, 1.86-11.22] and 10.01 [95% CI, 1.77-56.6], respectively) but not emergency department visits. Pest allergen sensitization is associated with a higher odds of asthma exacerbations in urban minority youth. Puerto Rican and Other Latino youth sensitized to mouse were more likely to have asthma-related hospitalizations than Mexican youth. Copyright © 2016 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Avoiding a bad apple: Insect pollination enhances fruit quality and economic value☆

PubMed Central

Garratt, M.P.D.; Breeze, T.D.; Jenner, N.; Polce, C.; Biesmeijer, J.C.; Potts, S.G.

2014-01-01

Insect pollination is important for food production globally and apples are one of the major fruit crops which are reliant on this ecosystem service. It is fundamentally important that the full range of benefits of insect pollination to crop production are understood, if the costs of interventions aiming to enhance pollination are to be compared against the costs of the interventions themselves. Most previous studies have simply assessed the benefits of pollination to crop yield and ignored quality benefits and how these translate through to economic values. In the present study we examine the influence of insect pollination services on farmgate output of two important UK apple varieties; Gala and Cox. Using field experiments, we quantify the influence of insect pollination on yield and importantly quality and whether either may be limited by sub-optimal insect pollination. Using an expanded bioeconomic model we value insect pollination to UK apple production and establish the potential for improvement through pollination service management. We show that insects are essential in the production of both varieties of apple in the UK and contribute a total of £36.7 million per annum, over £6 million more than the value calculated using more conventional dependence ratio methods. Insect pollination not only affects the quantity of production but can also have marked impacts on the quality of apples, influencing size, shape and effecting their classification for market. These effects are variety specific however. Due to the influence of pollination on both yield and quality in Gala, there is potential for insect pollination services to improve UK output by up to £5.7 million per annum. Our research shows that continued pollinator decline could have serious financial implications for the apple industry but there is considerable scope through management of wild pollinators or using managed pollinator augmentation, to improve the quality of production. Furthermore, we show that it is critically important to consider all production parameters including quality, varietal differences and management costs when valuing the pollination service of any crop so investment in pollinator management can be proportional to its contribution. PMID:24748698

Avoiding a bad apple: Insect pollination enhances fruit quality and economic value.

PubMed

Garratt, M P D; Breeze, T D; Jenner, N; Polce, C; Biesmeijer, J C; Potts, S G

2014-02-01

Insect pollination is important for food production globally and apples are one of the major fruit crops which are reliant on this ecosystem service. It is fundamentally important that the full range of benefits of insect pollination to crop production are understood, if the costs of interventions aiming to enhance pollination are to be compared against the costs of the interventions themselves. Most previous studies have simply assessed the benefits of pollination to crop yield and ignored quality benefits and how these translate through to economic values. In the present study we examine the influence of insect pollination services on farmgate output of two important UK apple varieties; Gala and Cox. Using field experiments, we quantify the influence of insect pollination on yield and importantly quality and whether either may be limited by sub-optimal insect pollination. Using an expanded bioeconomic model we value insect pollination to UK apple production and establish the potential for improvement through pollination service management. We show that insects are essential in the production of both varieties of apple in the UK and contribute a total of £36.7 million per annum, over £6 million more than the value calculated using more conventional dependence ratio methods. Insect pollination not only affects the quantity of production but can also have marked impacts on the quality of apples, influencing size, shape and effecting their classification for market. These effects are variety specific however. Due to the influence of pollination on both yield and quality in Gala, there is potential for insect pollination services to improve UK output by up to £5.7 million per annum. Our research shows that continued pollinator decline could have serious financial implications for the apple industry but there is considerable scope through management of wild pollinators or using managed pollinator augmentation, to improve the quality of production. Furthermore, we show that it is critically important to consider all production parameters including quality, varietal differences and management costs when valuing the pollination service of any crop so investment in pollinator management can be proportional to its contribution.

PAI-1 gain-of-function genotype, factors increasing PAI-1 levels, and airway obstruction: The GALA II Cohort.

PubMed

Sherenian, M G; Cho, S H; Levin, A; Min, J-Y; Oh, S S; Hu, D; Galanter, J; Sen, S; Huntsman, S; Eng, C; Rodriguez-Santana, J R; Serebrisky, D; Avila, P C; Kalhan, R; Smith, L J; Borrell, L N; Seibold, M A; Keoki Williams, L; Burchard, E G; Kumar, R

2017-09-01

PAI-1 gain-of-function variants promote airway fibrosis and are associated with asthma and with worse lung function in subjects with asthma. We sought to determine whether the association of a gain-of-function polymorphism in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with airway obstruction is modified by asthma status, and whether any genotype effect persists after accounting for common exposures that increase PAI-1 level. We studied 2070 Latino children (8-21y) with genotypic and pulmonary function data from the GALA II cohort. We estimated the relationship of the PAI-1 risk allele with FEV1/FVC by multivariate linear regression, stratified by asthma status. We examined the association of the polymorphism with asthma and airway obstruction within asthmatics via multivariate logistic regression. We replicated associations in the SAPPHIRE cohort of African Americans (n=1056). Secondary analysis included the effect of the at-risk polymorphism on postbronchodilator lung function. There was an interaction between asthma status and the PAI-1 polymorphism on FEV 1 /FVC (P=.03). The gain-of-function variants, genotypes (AA/AG), were associated with lower FEV 1 /FVC in subjects with asthma (β=-1.25, CI: -2.14,-0.35, P=.006), but not in controls. Subjects with asthma and the AA/AG genotypes had a 5% decrease in FEV 1 /FVC (P<.001). In asthmatics, the risk genotype (AA/AG) was associated with a 39% increase in risk of clinically relevant airway obstruction (OR=1.39, CI: 1.01, 1.92, P=.04). These associations persisted after exclusion of factors that increase PAI-1 including tobacco exposure and obesity. The decrease in the FEV 1 /FVC ratio associated with the risk genotype was modified by asthma status. The genotype increased the odds of airway obstruction by 75% within asthmatics only. As exposures known to increase PAI-1 levels did not mitigate this association, PAI-1 may contribute to airway obstruction in the context of chronic asthmatic airway inflammation. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Studying apple bruise using a finite element method analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pascoal-Faria, P.; Alves, N.

2017-07-01

Apple bruise damage from harvesting, handling, transporting and sorting is considered to be the major source of reduced fruit quality, resulting in a loss of profits for the entire fruit industry. Bruising is defined as damage and discoloration of fruit flesh, usually with no breach of the skin. The three factors which can physically cause fruit bruising are vibration, compression load and impact. The last one is the main source of bruise damage. Therefore, prediction of the level of damage, stress distribution and deformation of the fruits under external force has become a very important task. To address these problems a finite element analysis has been developed for studying Portuguese Royal Gala apple bruise. The results obtained will be suitable to apple distributors and sellers and will allow a reduction of the impact caused by bruise damage in apple annual production.

Structure of a pectin methylesterase from Yersinia enterocolitica

PubMed Central

Boraston, Alisdair B.; Abbott, D. Wade

2012-01-01

Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are family 8 carbohydrate esterases (CE8s) which remove the methyl group from methylesterified galacturonic acid (GalA) residues within pectin. Although the role of pectinases such as PMEs within dedicated phytopathogens has been well established, the significance of homologous enzymes found within the genomes of human enteropathogens remains to be determined. Presented here is the low-resolution (3.5 Å) structure of the CE8 from Yersinia enterocolitica (YeCE8). The high degree of structural conservation in the topology of the active-site cleft and catalytic apparatus that is shared with a characterized PME from a bacterial phytopathogen (i) indicates that YeCE8 is active on methylated pectin and (ii) highlights a more prominent role for pectin utilization in Yersinia than in other enteropathogenic species. PMID:22297983

KSC-2013-3125

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-07-27

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – At the Kennedy Space Center's Apollo/Saturn V Center, former NASA astronaut Alan Bean speaks to guests at the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation's event celebrating the 40th anniversary of Skylab. Bean served as commander of Skylab 3, the second piloted mission to the space station. In 1969, Bean was lunar module pilot on Apollo 12, the second mission to land on the moon. The gala commemorating the 40th anniversary of Skylab included six of the nine astronauts who flew missions to America's first space station. The orbiting laboratory was launched unpiloted from Kennedy on May 14, 1973. Between May 25, 1973 and Feb. 8, 1974, crews of three spent 28, 59 and 84 days living and working in low-Earth orbit aboard the station. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/skylab/ Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2012-6141

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-03

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana checks out an item available for auction at the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation's dinner at the Radisson Resort at the Port in Cape Canaveral celebrating the 40th anniversary of Apollo 17. The auction of space-related memorabilia was held with proceeds supporting college scholarships for students who exhibit imagination and exceptional performance in science, technology, engineering and math. The gala commemorating the anniversary of Apollo 17 included mission commander Eugene Cernan and other astronauts who flew Apollo missions. Launched Dec. 7, 1972, Cernan and lunar module pilot Harrison Schmitt landed in the moon's Taurus-Littrow highlands while command module pilot Ronald Evans remained in lunar orbit operating a scientific instrument module. For more information, visit http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-17/apollo-17.htm Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

STS-67 crew insignia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

Observation and remote exploration of the Universe in the ultraviolet wavelengths of light are the focus of the STS-67/ASTRO-2 mission, as depicted in the crew patch designed by the crew members. The insignia shows the ASTRO-2 telescopes in the Space Shuttle Endeavour's payload bay, orbiting high above Earth's atmosphere. The three sets of rays, diverging from the telescope on the patch atop the Instrument Pointing System (IPS), correspond to the three ASTRO-2 telescopes - the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), The Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE). The telescopes are coaligned to simultaneously view the same astronomical object, as shown by the convergence of rays on the NASA symbol. This symbol also represents the excellence of the union of the NASA teams and the universality's in the exploration of the universe through astronomy. The celestial targets of ASTRO-2 include the observation of planets, stars and gala

Chemical characterization and complement fixation of pectins from Cola cordifolia leaves.

PubMed

Austarheim, Ingvild; Christensen, Bjørn E; Aas, Hoai Thi Nguyen; Thöle, Christian; Diallo, Drissa; Paulsen, Berit S

2014-02-15

Defatted leaves from the medicinal tree Cola cordifolia were extracted with 50% EtOH, 50 °C and 100 °C water. The polysaccharide rich extracts were fractionated and the structure of the polysaccharides elucidated. Linkage analysis of the polysaccharides indicates a rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone where both Rha and parts of GalA are substituted in position 3, indicating a highly branched polymer with short side chains. The purified fractions were tested for complement fixation, macrophage stimulating activity and anti-adhesion activity towards Helicobacter pylori. Here we report on complex and polydisperse types of pectins (Mw: 3-1300 kDa) as well as the presence of low Mw (<3 kDa) acidic oligosaccharides. The fractions showed a moderate complement fixing activity and no macrophage activating effects after LPS removal. Anti-adhesion activity towards H. pylori was not found. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Four Apollo astronauts with Command and Service Module at ASVC prior to grand opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Some of the former Apollo program astronauts admire an Apollo Command and Service Module during a tour the new Apollo/Saturn V Center (ASVC) at KSC prior to the gala grand opening ceremony for the facility that was held Jan. 8, 1997. The astronauts were invited to participate in the event, which also featured NASA Administrator Dan Goldin and KSC Director Jay Honeycutt. The astronauts are (from left): Apollo 10 Command Module Pilot and Apollo 16 Commander John W. Young;. Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr.; Apollo 17 Commander Eugene A. Cernan; and Apollo 10 Commander Thomas P. Stafford. The ASVC also features several other Apollo program spacecraft components, multimedia presentations and a simulated Apollo/Saturn V liftoff. The facility will be a part of the KSC bus tour that embarks from the KSC Visitor Center.

Characterization of Zea mays endosperm C-24 sterol methyltransferase: one of two types of sterol methyltransferase in higher plants.

PubMed

Grebenok, R J; Galbraith, D W; Penna, D D

1997-08-01

We report the characterization of a higher-plant C-24 sterol methyltransferase by yeast complementation. A Zea mays endosperm expressed sequence tag (EST) was identified which, upon complete sequencing, showed 46% identity to the yeast C-24 methyltransferase gene (ERG6) and 75% and 37% amino acid identity to recently isolated higher-plant sterol methyltransferases from soybean and Arabidopsis, respectively. When placed under GALA regulation, the Z. mays cDNA functionally complemented the erg6 mutation, restoring ergosterol production and conferring resistance to cycloheximide. Complementation was both plasmid-dependent and galactose-inducible. The Z. mays cDNA clone contains an open reading frame encoding a 40 kDa protein containing motifs common to a large number of S-adenosyl-L-methionine methyltransferases (SMTs). Sequence comparisons and functional studies of the maize, soybean and Arabidopsis cDNAs indicates two types of C-24 SMTs exist in higher plants.

Engle, Cernan, Young, and Stafford under Saturn V at ASVC prior to grand opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Some of the former Apollo program astronauts recall the past as they tour the new Apollo/Saturn V Center (ASVC) at KSC prior to the gala grand opening ceremony for the facility that was held Jan. 8, 1997. The astronauts were invited to participate in the event, which also featured NASA Administrator Dan Goldin and KSC Director Jay Honeycutt. Standing underneath the KSC Apollo/Saturn V inside the building are (from left): Apollo 14 Back-up Lunar Module Pilot Joe H. Engle; Apollo 10 Lunar Module Pilot and Apollo 17 Commander Eugene A. Cernan; Apollo 10 Command Module Pilot and Apollo 16 Commander John W. Young; and Apollo 10 Commander Thomas P. Stafford. The ASVC also features several other Apollo program spacecraft components, multimedia presentations and a simulated Apollo/Saturn V liftoff. The facility will be a part of the KSC bus tour that embarks from the KSC Visitor Center.

Distribution of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in apples tissues during ripening.

PubMed

Alberti, Aline; Zielinski, Acácio Antonio Ferreira; Couto, Marcelo; Judacewski, Priscila; Mafra, Luciana Igarashi; Nogueira, Alessandro

2017-05-01

The effect of variety and ripening stage on the distribution of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity of Gala, Fuji Suprema and Eva apples were evaluated. Hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, flavanols, flavonols, dihydrochalcones and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) were assessed in the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp of three varieties at three ripening stages (unripe, ripe and senescent). The Fuji Suprema variety distinguished by its content of flavonols at senescent stage, while Eva variety distinguished by its content of dihydrochalcones (unripe stage) and anthocyanins (ripe stage). In general, phenolic acids and flavonoids decreased with ripening in the epicarp and endocarp. However, in the mesocarp, the effect of ripening was related with the apple variety. Hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed the influence of ripening in the apple tissue. The evolution of these compounds during ripening occurred irregularly and it was influenced by the variety.

The AINTEGUMENTA genes, MdANT1 and MdANT2, are associated with the regulation of cell production during fruit growth in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.).

PubMed

Dash, Madhumita; Malladi, Anish

2012-06-25

Fruit growth in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is mediated by cell production and expansion. Genes involved in regulating these processes and thereby fruit growth, are not well characterized. We hypothesized that the apple homolog(s) of AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), an APETALA2-repeat containing transcription factor, regulates cell production during fruit growth in apple. Two ANT genes, MdANT1 and MdANT2, were isolated from apple and their expression was studied during multiple stages of fruit development. MdANT1 and MdANT2 expression was high during early fruit growth coincident with the period of cell production, rapidly declined during exit from cell production, and remained low during the rest of fruit development. The effects of increase in carbohydrate availability during fruit growth were characterized. Increase in carbohydrate availability enhanced fruit growth largely through an increase in cell production. Expression of MdANT1 and MdANT2 increased sharply by up to around 5-fold in response to an increase in carbohydrate availability. Expression of the ANT genes was compared across two apple genotypes, 'Gala' and 'Golden Delicious Smoothee' (GS), which differ in the extent of fruit growth, largely due to differences in cell production. In comparison to 'Gala', the larger fruit-size genotype, GS, displayed higher levels and a longer duration of MdANT1 and MdANT2 expression. Expression of the ANTs and cell cycle genes in the fruit core and cortex tissues isolated using laser capture microdissection was studied. During early fruit growth, expression of the MdANTs was higher within the cortex, the tissue that constitutes the majority of the fruit. Additionally, MdANT1 and MdANT2 expression was positively correlated with that of A- and B-type CYCLINS, B-type CYCLIN-DEPENDENT-KINASES (CDKBs) and MdDEL1. Multiple lines of evidence from this study suggest that MdANT1 and MdANT2 regulate cell production during fruit growth in apple. ANTs may coordinate the expression of cell proliferation genes and thereby affect the competence of cells for cell production during fruit growth. Together, data from this study implicate MdANT1 and MdANT2 in the regulation of fruit growth in apple.

An unusual plant triterpene synthase with predominant α-amyrin-producing activity identified by characterizing oxidosqualene cyclases from Malus × domestica.

PubMed

Brendolise, Cyril; Yauk, Yar-Khing; Eberhard, Ellen D; Wang, Mindy; Chagne, David; Andre, Christelle; Greenwood, David R; Beuning, Lesley L

2011-07-01

The pentacyclic triterpenes, in particular ursolic acid and oleanolic acid and their derivatives, exist abundantly in the plant kingdom, where they are well known for their anti-inflammatory, antitumour and antimicrobial properties. α-Amyrin and β-amyrin are the precursors of ursolic and oleanolic acids, respectively, formed by concerted cyclization of squalene epoxide by a complex synthase reaction. We identified three full-length expressed sequence tag sequences in cDNA libraries constructed from apple (Malus × domestica 'Royal Gala') that were likely to encode triterpene synthases. Two of these expressed sequence tag sequences were essentially identical (> 99% amino acid similarity; MdOSC1 and MdOSC3). MdOSC1 and MdOSC2 were expressed by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and by expression in the yeast Pichia methanolica. The resulting products were analysed by GC and GC-MS. MdOSC1 was shown to be a mixed amyrin synthase (a 5 : 1 ratio of α-amyrin to β-amyrin). MdOSC1 is the only triterpene synthase so far identified in which the level of α-amyrin produced is > 80% of the total product and is, therefore, primarily an α-amyrin synthase. No product was evident for MdOSC2 when expressed either transiently or in yeast, suggesting that this putative triterpene synthase is either encoded by a pseudogene or does not express well in these systems. Transcript expression analysis in Royal Gala indicated that the genes are mostly expressed in apple peel, and that the MdOSC2 expression level was much lower than that of MdOSC1 and MdOSC3 in all the tissues tested. Amyrin content analysis was undertaken by LC-MS, and demonstrated that levels and ratios differ between tissues, but that the true consequence of synthase activity is reflected in the ursolic/oleanolic acid content and in further triterpenoids derived from them. Phylogenetic analysis placed the three triterpene synthase sequences with other triterpene synthases that encoded either α-amyrin and/or β-amyrin synthase. MdOSC1 and MdOSC3 clustered with the multifunctional triterpene synthases, whereas MdOSC2 was most similar to the β-amyrin synthases. © 2011 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited. Journal compilation © 2011 FEBS.

Climate Prediction Center - Stratosphere: Stratosphere-Troposphere

Science.gov Websites

Wave 2 Wave 3 - NH EQ SH NH EQ SH NH EQ SH NH EQ SH NH SH NH SH NH SH NH SH Annual N E S N E S N E S N E S N S N S N S N S JFM N E S N E S N E S N E S N S N S N S N S AMJ N E S N E S N E S N E S N S N S N S N S JAS N E S N E S N E S N E S N S N S N S N S OND N E S N E S N E S N E S N S N S N S N S Past

Extraction and Characterization of Highly Gelling Low Methoxy Pectin from Cashew Apple Pomace

PubMed Central

Yapo, Beda M.; Koffi, Kouassi L.

2013-01-01

Investigation on the pectic substances of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple under different acid-extraction conditions (pH 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) showed that more than 10%–25% of A. occidentale pectins (AOP) could be extracted, depending on the extractant strength. The extracted AOP contained high amounts of galacturonic acid (GalA: 69.9%–84.5%) with some neutral sugars of which rhamnose (Rha: 1.3%–2.5%), arabinose (Ara: 2.6%–5.4%), and galactose (Gal: 4.7%–8.6%) were the main constituents. The degree of methoxylation (DM) was in the range of 28%–46% and was only slightly affected by the extractant strength, thereby indicating isolation of naturally low methoxy pectins (LMP). In terms of gelling capability, AOP yielded firmer Ca2+-mediated LMP gels than commercial citrus LMP with comparable DM. Cashew apple pomace, therefore, appears to be a potentially viable source for possible production of “non-chemically or enzymatically-tailored” LMP. PMID:28234301

Six Apollo astronauts in front of Saturn V at ASVC prior to grand opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Some of the former Apollo program astronauts pose in front of an Apollo Command and Service Module during a tour the new Apollo/Saturn V Center (ASVC) at KSC prior to the gala grand opening ceremony for the facility that was held Jan. 8, 1997. The astronauts were invited to participate in the event, which also featured NASA Administrator Dan Goldin and KSC Director Jay Honeycutt. The astronauts are (from left): Apollo 14 Lunar Module Pilot Edgar D. Mitchell; Apollo 10 Command Module Pilot and Apollo 16 Commander John W. Young; Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr.; Apollo 10 Commander Thomas P. Stafford; Apollo 10 Lunar Module Pilot and Apollo 17 Commander Eugene A. Cernan; and Apollo 9 Lunar Module Pilot Russell L. Schweikart. The ASVC also features several other Apollo program spacecraft components, multimedia presentations and a simulated Apollo/Saturn V liftoff. The facility will be a part of the KSC bus tour that embarks from the KSC Visitor Center.

History of Chandra X-Ray Observatory

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-12-01

This Chandra image shows the central regions of two colliding galaxies known collectively as the Antennae (NGC-4038/4039). The Chandra image reveals a large population of extremely bright x-ray sources in this area of intense star formation. These x-ray sources, which emit 10 to several hundred times more x-ray power than similar sources in our own galaxy, are believed to be either massive black holes, or black holes that are beaming their energy toward Earth. In this x-ray image, red represents the low energy band, green intermediate, and blue the highest observed energies. The white and yellow sources are those that emit significant amounts of both low and high energy x-rays. About 60 million light years from Earth in the constellation Corvus, the Antennae Galaxies got their nickname from the wispy anntennae-like streams of gas as seen by optical telescopes. These ongoing wisps are believed to have been produced approximately 100 million years ago by the collision between the gala

Characteristic of physical, chemical, and microbiological kombucha from various varieties of apples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zubaidah, E.; Yurista, S.; Rahmadani, N. R.

2018-03-01

Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage with the addition of kombucha starter also called SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast). The purpose of this research was to know the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of kombucha from various varieties of apple kombucha. The study used Randomized Block Design (RAK) with one factor of apple varieties (Anna, Fuji, Granny Smith, Manalagi, Red Delicious, Rome Beauty, Royal Gala). Each treatment was repeated three times. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The best treatment was selected using Multiple Attribute method. Data of hedonic test was analysed using Friedman Test. The best treatment was obtained on Fuji varieties of kombucha apple with the characteristics as follows: total acid 1.33%; pH 2.95; Total phenol 268.57 μg/ml GAE; Total sugar 6.74%; Antibacterial activity against S.aureus 21.30 mm; Antibacterial activity E.coli 21.20 mm; Antioxidant activity 35.62%; Organoleptic aroma 3.55, taste 3.3; Color 3.4 (on a scale of 1-5)

Changing with the times to keep the meaning of mission.

PubMed

Schuster, J; Thomas, J M

1988-06-01

In the fall of 1987, the Franciscan Sisters of the Poor Health System, Inc. (HSI), took over Madison Square Garden's Felt Forum to hold a fund-raiser. Called the Franciscan Health Care Games, the weekend-long event pitted employees from 14 HSI facilities against one another in basketball and volleyball tournaments; featured 40 stars of film, television, and the sports world in competition; and ended with a gala dinner for 950 people. The event, a first for the Franciscans, raised $800,000. Some of the programs the money will benefit include: The Young Fathers Project, a program in Cincinnati that helps fathers between the ages of 16 and 21 adjust to being a parent. Eldercare, which provides health services to some 5,000 elderly patients at 13 congregate housing sites throughout the Columbus, OH, area. The St. Elizabeth Medical Center in Dayton, OH, which helps support services at a hotel for the homeless sponsored by St. Vincent de Paul Society.

Development and reprotuction of Spodoptera eridania on natural hosts and artificial diet.

PubMed

Silva, A; Baronio, C A; Galzer, E C W; Garcia, M S; Botton, M

2018-04-09

The development and reproductive potential of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) was compared on natural and artificial diets. Its biology was determined under laboratory conditions, providing an artificial diet, leaves of white clover and the peach cultivar 'Chimarrita' and fruits and leaves of the apple cultivar 'Gala'. Larvae of S. eridania could not complete their biological cycle when fed on apple fruits or peach leaves. The artificial diet provided the shortest development time, with a cycle of 28.5±0.14 days from egg to adult and 37.3% total viability. Apple leaves led to a longer development time from egg to adult (62.8±1.22 days) and lower total viability (23%) and white clover provided the highest total viability (54.3%). The results showed that S. eridania can use white clover and apple leaves to develop normally in apple orchards. The reduction of food sources such as white clover used by the larvae results in infestation and damage to fruits from "test bites".

Five Apollo astronauts with Lunar Module at ASVC prior to grand opening

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Some of the former Apollo program astronauts observe a Lunar Module and Moon mockup during a tour the new Apollo/Saturn V Center (ASVC) at KSC prior to the gala grand opening ceremony for the facility that was held Jan. 8, 1997. The astronauts were invited to participate in the event, which also featured NASA Administrator Dan Goldin and KSC Director Jay Honeycutt. Some of the visiting astonauts were (from left): Apollo 10 Lunar Module Pilot and Apollo 17 Commander Eugene A. Cernan; Apollo 9 Lunar Module Pilot Russell L. Schweikart; Apollo 10 Command Module Pilot and Apollo 16 Commander John W. Young; Apollo 10 Commander Thomas P. Stafford; and Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr. The ASVC also features several other Apollo program spacecraft components, multimedia presentations and a simulated Apollo/Saturn V liftoff. The facility will be a part of the KSC bus tour that embarks from the KSC Visitor Center.

Characterization of Two Homogalacturonan Pectins with Immunomodulatory Activity from Green Tea

PubMed Central

Wang, Huijun; Wei, Guodong; Liu, Fei; Banerjee, Gautam; Joshi, Manoj; Bligh, S. W. Annie; Shi, Songshan; Lian, Hui; Fan, Hongwei; Gu, Xuelan; Wang, Shunchun

2014-01-01

Two natural homogalacturonan (HG) pectins (MW ca. 20 kDa) were isolated from green tea based on their immunomodulatory activity. The crude tea polysaccharides (TPS1 and TPS2) were obtained from green tea leaves by hot water extraction and followed by 40% and 70% ethanol precipitation, respectively. Two homogenous water soluble polysaccharides (TPS1-2a and TPS1-2b) were obtained from TPS1 after purification with gel permeation, which gave a higher phagocytic effect than TPS2. A combination of composition, methylation and configuration analyses, as well as NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy revealed that TPS1-2a and TPS1-2b were homogalacturonan (HG) pectins consisting of a backbone of 1,4-linked α-d-galacturonic acid (GalA) residues with 28.4% and 26.1% of carboxyl groups as methyl ester, respectively. The immunological assay results demonstrated that TPS1-2, which consisted mainly of HG pectins, showed phagocytosis-enhancing activity in HL-60 cells. PMID:24901527

CFSv2 Seasonal Climate Forecasts

Science.gov Websites

Nino3.4 Nino4 E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) E1 (data) E2 (data) E3 (data) Sea surface height and

Conacyt

Science.gov Websites

Organismos de Inspección Organismos de Certificación de personas Calidad Acreditación ¿Que es la : Estructuración de la Evaluación de la Conformidad 1.2: Fortalecimiento y articulación de las instituciones Componente 2: Fortalecimiento del Sistema Nacional de Innovación 6: Incorporación de la Innovación en la

Berkeley Lab - Materials Sciences Division

Science.gov Websites

2018 [PDF] October 2017 [PDF] July 2017 [PDF] April 2017 [PDF] January 2017 [PDF] October 2016 [PDF ] July 2016 [PDF] April 2016 [PDF] January 2016 [PDF] October 2015 [PDF] March 2015 [PDF] December 2014 [PDF] April 2014 [PDF] February 2014 [PDF] September 2013 [PDF] March 2013 [PDF] October, 2012 [PDF

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

-plaintext.form-control-lg,.form-control-plaintext.form-control-sm,.input-group-lg>.form-control-plaintext.form -control,.input-group-lg>.input-group-append>.form-control-plaintext.btn,.input-group-lg>.input -group-append>.form-control-plaintext.input-group-text,.input-group-lg>.input-group-prepend>

ACHP | Case Digest - Protecting Historic Properties: Section 106 in Action

Science.gov Websites

Digest index. Previous issues: Summer 2012 (PDF) Spring 2012 (PDF) Winter 2012 (PDF) Fall 2011 (PDF ) Summer 2011 (PDF) Spring 2011 (PDF) Winter 2011 (PDF) Fall 2010 (PDF) Summer 2010 (PDF) Winter 2010 (PDF ) Fall 2009 (PDF) Summer 2009 (PDF) Spring 2009 (PDF) Winter 2009 (PDF) Fall 2008 (PDF) Summer 2008 (PDF

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

recepción confiable en algunas localidades debido a bloqueos de las señales y/o distancia excesiva de la mensajes NOTA: Servicio de NWR para un condado depende de recepción confiable la señal, la cual cobertura de NWR, o cobertura parcial, serán indicados. Algunos condados o partes de condados

Periodic Table of Elements: Los Alamos National Laboratory

Science.gov Websites

, Communication Specialist talks about the Periodic Table of Elements 7/17/17 Back to Elements List Fermium is process, but the identification of Pu-244 raised the possibility that still more neutrons could have been discovery of the new elements, and the new data on neutron capture, was kept secret on the orders of the U.S

Staff - Trystan M. Herriott | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

sandstone interval in outcrop of the Tonnie Siltstone Member, Chinitna Formation, lower Cook Inlet, south Paveloff Siltstone Member of the Chinitna Formation: Exploring the potential role of facies variations in member of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation, northern Chinitna Bay, Alaska, in Wartes, M.A., ed

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- La DESCRIPCIÓN DE COLUMNAS EN TABLAS DE ESTADOS Al hacer un clic en un estado o territorio de la la radio. (Todas áreas de ahora en adelante serán llamados condados.) Entonces la radio les mensaje de la emisión, los oyentes oirán un corto estallido estático digital que señala el fin del

United States Nuclear Data Program (USNDP)

Science.gov Websites

Report FY 2016 Annual Report FY 2015 Annual Report FY 2014 Annual Report FY 2013 Annual Report FY 2012 Annual Report FY 2011 Annual Report FY 2010 Annual Report FY 2009 Annual Report FY 2008 Annual Report FY 2007 Annual Report FY 2006 Annual Report FY 2005 Annual Report FY 2004 Final Report FY 2003 Final

Staff - Nina T. Harun | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

mapping of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation in a footwall syncline associated with the Bruin Bay fault Ivishak Formation in the northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: University of Alaska Fairbanks, M.S. thesis Triassic Ivishak Formation in the Sadlerochit Mountains, northeastern Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

televisión afuera o dentro de la casa. Todos éstos pueden mejorar recepción a cualquier radio de FM , incluso NWR. Cualquier pregunta específica sobre la recepción (o falta de ella) en su sitio debe Search For Go NWS All NOAA NWR Recepción El área de la recepción nominal para un receptor de Radio

Fermilab Today - Related Content

Science.gov Websites

Fermilab Today Related Content Subscribe | Contact Fermilab Today | Archive | Classifieds Search Experiment Profiles Current Archive Current Fermilab Today Archive of 2015 Archive of 2014 Archive of 2013 Archive of 2012 Archive of 2011 Archive of 2010 Archive of 2009 Archive of 2008 Archive of 2007 Archive of

Neutron Scattering Reference

Science.gov Websites

Conversion Factors Periodic Table of the Elements Chart of the Nuclides Map of the Nuclides Computer Index of (Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten) Neutron Activation Table of Elements Neutron Scattering at neutronsources.org. The information contained here in the Neutron Scattering Web has been

Homepage

Science.gov Websites

Reading List Chief of Staff of the Air Force Professional Reading List Menu + Leadership Gateway Force Archives Reading List 2016 Reading List 2015 Reading List 2014 Reading List 2013 Reading List 2012 Reading List 2011 Reading List 2010 Reading List 2009 Reading List 2008 Reading List 2007 Resources Site

Defense.gov Special Report: National Disability Employment Awareness Month

Science.gov Websites

service at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, DeLisa L. Kviz currently works as chief ... Profile photo of of service with the Department of the Navy, including over 11 years ... Profile photo of Ivan E is a technical information specialist in the Analysis and ... Profile photo of Chad A. Molenhour

Owen Barwell - Chief Financial Officer | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Owen Barwell - Chief Financial Officer Owen Barwell - Chief Financial Officer A photo of Owen , analysis, and management. He previously served as the Acting Chief Financial Officer and Deputy Chief Financial Officer of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), where he was directly responsible for DOE's

Smoot Cosmology Group

Science.gov Websites

. ___________________________________________________________________________________ What do the different colors on the map of the CMB represent? Although the temperature of the CMB is The most conclusive and carefully examined evidence for The Big Bang is the existence of an isotropic radiation bath that permeates the entirety of the universe known as the cosmic microwave

Automotive Research Center

Science.gov Websites

| photos Web page Web page 2016 PDF | photos Web page Web page 2015 PDF | photos | video Web page Web page 2014 PDF | photos | videos Web page Web page 2013 PDF | photos Web page Web page 2012 PDF | photos Web page Web page 2011 PDF | photos PDF Web page 2010 PDF PDF PDF 2009 PDF PDF PDF 2008 PDF PDF PDF 2007

NOAA Weather Radio - EAS Description

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing ±ol Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR Recepción Explicacion de NWR

NOAA Weather Radio - Outage Reporting

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing ±ol Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR Recepción Explicacion de NWR

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR Recepción Explicacion de NWR SAME

NOAA Weather Radio - Reception Problems

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing ±ol Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR Recepción Explicacion de NWR

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing interés abajo de dentro de la lista entera del archivo nacional Transmisores de NWR en los Estados ±ol Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES

AF family shares experience with child's autism > U.S. Air Force >

Science.gov Websites

Reading List 2017 CSAF Reading List 2016 CSAF Reading List 2015 CSAF Reading List 2014 CSAF Reading List 2013 CSAF Reading List 2012 CSAF Reading List 2011 CSAF Reading List 2010 CSAF Reading List 2009 CSAF Reading List 2008 CSAF Reading List 2007 CSAF Reading List 2006 CSAF Reading List 50 Years of the CMSAF

X-Ray Data Booklet

Science.gov Websites

X-RAY DATA BOOKLET Center for X-ray Optics and Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Introduction X-Ray Properties of Elements Electron Binding Energies X-Ray Energy Emission Energies Table of X-Ray Properties Synchrotron Radiation Characteristics of Synchrotron Radiation History of X

Air and Pesticides

Science.gov Websites

Pesticides and Human Health Pesticide Incidents What Happens to Pesticides Released into the Environment Pesticides and Human Health Pesticide Incidents What Happens to Pesticides Released into the Environment ; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife

Smoot Cosmology Group

Science.gov Websites

all forces show that they are the same basic force, and have frozen out to different forces in the . What do the different colors on the map of the CMB represent? Although the temperature of the CMB is Implications of the COBE DMR Map of the Early Universe What COBE DMR saw: The COBE DMR (Cosmic

What about using pesticides if I am pregnant or have a baby?

Science.gov Websites

? Related Topics: Pesticides and Human Health Pesticides and Pregnancy Pesticides and Children Understanding @ace.orst.edu. Last updated January 27, 2016 Related Topics: Pesticides and Human Health Pesticides and ; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife

Mineral Resources | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

and geophysical framework of Alaska as it pertains to the mineral resources of the state. Summary maps and reports illustrate the geology of the state's prospective mineral terranes and provide data on the location, type, and potential of the state's mineral resources. These data aid in the state's management of

Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas - Portada

Science.gov Websites

a.m. a 12:00 p.m. PT, de lunes a viernes A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Índice acuerdo de cooperación entre la Universidad Estatal de Oregón y la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (acuerdo de cooperación # X8-83560101). La información contenida en esta

NOAA Weather Radio - County Coverage by State

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing ±ol Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR Recepción Explicacion de NWR

NOAA Weather Radio - Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing ±ol Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR Recepción Explicacion de NWR

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

Emergencia (EAS) de la Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones, Radio NOAA es una red para todo tipo de peligros . De este modo, es la fuente más comprensiva de información del tiempo y emergencias que està químicos o derramamientos de petróleo). Conocida como "La Voz del Servicio Nacional de Meteorología

NOAA Weather Radio - Viewing Outages

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR Recepción Explicacion de NWR SAME Programación en Español

Publications - GMC 395 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

investigations of the diatom stratigraphy of Borehole TA8, Portage Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical DGGS GMC 395 Publication Details Title: Preliminary investigations of the diatom stratigraphy of

CXRO - Mi-Young Im, Staff Scientist

Science.gov Websites

X-Ray Database Zone Plate Education Nanomagnetism X-Ray Microscopy LDJIM EUV Lithography EUV Mask Publications Contact The Center for X-Ray Optics is a multi-disciplined research group within Lawrence Berkeley -Ray Optics X-Ray Database Nanomagnetism X-Ray Microscopy EUV Lithography EUV Mask Imaging

Solar Integration Data Sets | Grid Modernization | NREL

Science.gov Websites

modeled solar data to study the operational impacts of solar on the electric power grid. Solar Power Data need to estimate power production from hypothetical solar power plants. Solar Integration National Dataset (SIND) Toolkit The next generation of modeled solar data with higher temporal and spatial

CNEA - Centro Atómico Bariloche

Science.gov Websites

³mica (CNEA), a través de la Sección de... EL RA-6, RENOVADO EN EL AÑO DE SU 35º ANIVERSARIO EL RA-6 DIRIGIDAS A DOCENTES REALIZAN EN EL CAB CAPACITACIONES DIRIGIDAS A... La Comisión Nacional de Energía Atà ... RECONOCIMIENTO PARA LA SECCIÓN DE DIVULGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DEL CAB RECONOCIMIENTO PARA LA SECCIÃ

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

para un condado depende de recepción de la seña fiable, que típicamente se extiende en un radio de 40 millas del transmisor, asumiendo terreno plano. Condados sin la cobertura de NWR o cobertura obstáculos de la seña y/o la distancia excesiva del transmisor. Usted puede referirse directamente a

Defense.gov - Special Report - Travels With Gates

Science.gov Websites

. If you wish to see the latest content, please visit the current version of the site. For persons with look at production of the newest all-terrain vehicles slated for Afghanistan, and praised the modern You have reached a collection of archived material. The content available is no longer being

Publications - PIR 2008-1 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

investigations in the Brooks Range Foothills and North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & interpretations of the Nanushuk Formation exposed along the Colville River near the confluences with the Awuna and Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska

Periodic Table of Elements: Los Alamos National Laboratory

Science.gov Websites

, Communication Specialist talks about the Periodic Table of Elements 7/17/17 Back to Elements List Seaborgium is Phone Periodic Table of Elements: LANL Chemistry Division » Periodic Table of Elements Chemistry the Elements Chemical Properties Elements List Periodic Table Download News LANL Biofuels Work

NIST Digital Archives

Science.gov Websites

Nederlands Français Search Search Advanced Search Find results with: error div Add another field Search by date Search by date: from after before on from: mm/dd/yyyy to to: mm/dd/yyyy Search Clear All Searching physical science laboratories. Instant Search Search PHOTOS Search Photos Search NIST PUBLICATIONS Search

Department of Navy Chief Information Officer

Science.gov Websites

(6) Freedom of Information Act (29) IT Investment Management (47) Records Management (37 Management and Knowledge Management programs. DON CIO Information About the DON CIO Website Accessibility this website is to facilitate effective information flow about information management/information

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Recursos en español

Science.gov Websites

colaboración entre el gobierno y la industria patrocinada por el Programa de Tecnologías de Vehículos del enchufables Recursos en la web Use estas recursos para obtener información sobre: Economía de combustible y huella de carbono de su vehículo Cómo aumentar la economía de combustible Importancia de la economía

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

¡tico de programación de la Radio del Tiempo de NOAA la capacidad de transmitir en español. Cualquier Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Search For Go NWS All NOAA Las Políticas de Programación en Español Se le añadió al sistema automÃ

Operating the Western Interconnection with 80%-90% Renewables - Text

Science.gov Websites

different penetration levels. This chart here shows the left column is the actual penetration of the renewables in all of the different scenarios. The higher base load and the higher VG before curtailment are to a lot of results. This next slide shows the generation by the different types of both renewable

Philip A. Parilla | NREL

Science.gov Websites

atomic layer deposition for applications. He also manages the majority of X-ray characterization equipment at NREL, specifically X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence instrumentation. Additionally, he for EERE's Hydrogen Storage program. He is also an expert in X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence

Energy Analysis Publications | Energy Analysis | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Systems Impact Analysis We perform impact analysis to evaluate and understand the impact of markets publications. Featured Publications Complex Systems Analysis Complex systems analysis integrates all aspects of , policies, and financing on technology uptake and the impact of new technologies on markets and policy

News

Science.gov Websites

Professors Senior Mentor Biographies Fact Sheets Commander's Call Topics CCT Archive CSAF Reading List 2017 CSAF Reading List 2016 CSAF Reading List 2015 CSAF Reading List 2014 CSAF Reading List 2013 CSAF Reading List 2012 CSAF Reading List 2011 CSAF Reading List 2010 CSAF Reading List 2009 CSAF Reading List

NREL's Advanced Atomic Layer Deposition Enables Lithium-Ion Battery

Science.gov Websites

Battery Technology News Release: NREL's Advanced Atomic Layer Deposition Enables Lithium-Ion Battery increasingly demanding needs of any battery application. These lithium-ion batteries feature a hybrid solid further customized lithium-ion battery materials for high performance devices by utilizing our patented

Chunmei Ban | NREL

Science.gov Websites

degradation in silicon nanowires for lithium ion battery," ACS Nano, 2015, 9(5), pp 5559-5566, DOI molecular layer deposited coating on silicon nanoparticles for lithium ion battery anodes," ACS Nano lithium-ion batteries, lithium-air batteries, organic radical batteries, and magnesium-ion batteries. The

Transportation Research News | Transportation News | Transportation

Science.gov Websites

Engineering has yielded new insights for lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery electrodes at the microstructural level -Phase Stochastics in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes" detailing the research and resulting revolutionizes the way lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are evaluated so designs can be improved before batteries

DoD ESI

Science.gov Websites

Information Management, Microsoft Platform Management, Identity & Access Management, Endpoint Systems /2016-24054/category-management). OMB released this IT Success Story for "Information Sharing Management of Common Information Technology: Mobile Devices and Services 7/1/2016 Category Management Policy

Electron Microscopy Lab

Science.gov Websites

Facilities Science Pillars Research Library Science Briefs Science News Science Highlights Lab Organizations Science Programs Applied Energy Programs Civilian Nuclear Energy Programs Laboratory Directed Research Science Seaborg Institute Fellows Conferences Research Opportunities Center for Integrated

NOAA Weather Radio - Station Search

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR Recepción Explicacion de NWR SAME Programación en Español NOAA

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

automatizado apoyará la difusión en español. Idioma español de voz sintetizada será proporcionado para algunas oficinas donde el personal permite y los dictados de la población, la radiodifusión española Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing

NOAA Weather Radio - Cobertura de Condado a Condado

Science.gov Websites

para un condado depende de recepción de la seña fiable, que típicamente se extiende en un radio de 40 millas del transmisor, asumiendo terreno plano. Condados sin la cobertura de NWR o cobertura obstáculos de la seña y/o la distancia excesiva del transmisor. Usted puede referirse directamente a

DIY Solar Market Analysis Webinar Series: PVWatts® | State, Local, and

Science.gov Websites

, and updates the energy prediction algorithms to be in line with the actual performance of modern the latest update." In this webinar, one of the tool's developers explains how the new version of ® Wednesday, July 9, 2014 As part of a Do-It-Yourself Solar Market Analysis summer series, NREL's Solar

Publications | Argonne National Laboratory

Science.gov Websites

Carlo, F. De Carlo, Francesco De Graef, Marc de Jalon, Garcia De La Rosa, K. de Leon, P.A. Ignacio- de . Degenkolb, E. DeJongh, M. DeLisi, M. Delmont, T. O. DeLuca, C. Demas, N. Demchenko, Y. Demeshko, I. Demiguel , N. Kyrpides, Nikos La Joie, C. Labarta, J. LaBissoniere, D. Lacinski, L. Lacour, S. Laguna, I. Lai

Solar Requests for Proposals | State, Local, and Tribal Governments | NREL

Science.gov Websites

who have a lot of experience in this area may handle the process on their own while others may decide greatest number of respondents and give the agency the greatest number of options. Solar RFP Elements As to the selection criteria. Sources Solar Powering Your Community: Key Elements of Solar Requests for

What's New | Galaxy of Images

Science.gov Websites

] View Images Details ID: SIL32-035-02 Enlarge Image View Images Details ID: SIL32-038-02 Enlarge Image View Images Details ID: SIL-2004_CT_6_1 Enlarge Image View Images Details ID: SIL32-010-01 Enlarge Image View Images Details ID: SIL32-013-05 Enlarge Image View Images Details ID: SIL32-014-02 Enlarge

SMS Two Column Template: Smithsonian Marine Station (SMS) at Fort Pierce

Science.gov Websites

appreciation of this invaluable natural resource. My image My image My image My image My image Discover: - over difference in IRL water quality Check Out: - the IRL Photo Gallery - the IRL Species Image Collection Downloads: - Species Database - IRL Species Bibliography My image My image My image My image My image EOL

Chief Information Officer > DoDSection508 > Std_Stmt

Science.gov Websites

Skip to main content (Press Enter). Toggle navigation Chief Information Officer Search Search Chief Information Officer: Search Search Chief Information Officer: Search Chief Information Officer U.S. Department of Defense Chief Information Officer Home About DoD CIO Bios Organization DCIO C4&IIC DCIO IE

Chief Information Officer - U.S. Department of Defense

Science.gov Websites

Skip to main content (Press Enter). Toggle navigation Chief Information Officer Search Search Chief Information Officer: Search Search Chief Information Officer: Search Chief Information Officer U.S. Department of Defense Chief Information Officer Home About DoD CIO Bios Organization DCIO C4&IIC DCIO IE

Compcon '95 Paper

Science.gov Websites

has the ability to view various parts of a frog from many different angles, and with the different here - the Virtual Dissection Kit - has been accessed by 50,000 different sites, in over 50 different form document that is a translation of the user interface into a different language (the Virtual Frog

Welcome - TampaBay.WaterAtlas.org

Science.gov Websites

An edition of: WaterAtlas.orgPresented By: USF Water Institute Choose a Water Atlas Charlotte Harbor NEP Water Atlas Hillsborough County Water Atlas Lake County Water Atlas Manatee County Water Atlas Orange County Water Atlas Pinellas County Water Atlas Polk County Water Atlas Sarasota County Water Atlas

Publications - GMC 430 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

: Formation hardness of Hemlock Formation cores after immersion in water and oil based fracturing fluids; and mechanics: Formation hardness of Hemlock Formation cores after immersion in water and oil based fracturing Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska

NOAA Photo Library

Science.gov Websites

- nssl0057 Early stage of tornado formation. Photo #1 of a series of classic photographs of this tornado Available Publication of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Adminstration NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes

Publications - GMC 303 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

DGGS GMC 303 Publication Details Title: The facies of the Ivishak Formation from conventional core , The facies of the Ivishak Formation from conventional core descriptions, electric logs, and Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska

NCEP Operational HWRF Forecasting System

Science.gov Websites

2010 Basin: North Atlantic Eastern North Pacific Central North Pacific Western North Pacific North ALBERTO01L North Atlantic: (1) active ALBERTO01L Eastern North Pacific: (0) active Central North Pacific: (0 ) active Western North Pacific: (0) active North Indian Ocean: (0) active Southern Hemisphere: (0) active Â

Wind Turbine Control Systems | Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Turbine Control Systems Wind Turbine Control Systems Advanced wind turbine controls can reduce the loads on wind turbine components while capturing more wind energy and converting it into electricity turbines. A photo of a wind turbine against blue sky with white blades on their sides in the foreground

Wind Energy Modeling and Simulation | Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Wind Energy Modeling and Simulation Wind Turbine Modeling and Simulation Wind turbines are unique wind turbines. It enables the analysis of a range of wind turbine configurations, including: Two- or (SOWFA) employs computational fluid dynamics to allow users to investigate wind turbine and wind power

Systems Engineering Workshop 2017 | Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Energy for Wind Systems Today Cost and Value of Wind Power-Implications of Wind Turbine Design, János Aaron Smith, PPI Session II: Uncertainty Impacts on Wind Turbine Design and Performance Mitigation of Wind Turbine Design Load Uncertainties, Anand Natarajan, DTU Wind Energy Uncertainty in the Wind

Science Programs

Science.gov Websites

Research Library Science Briefs Science News Science Highlights Lab Organizations Science Programs Applied Innovation Research Capabilities Deploying Innovation Technology Opportunities Innovation in New Mexico Los Laboratory Delivering science and technology to protect our nation and promote world stability Science &

Food Safety

Science.gov Websites

veggies? Federal Pesticide Regulation Pesticides and Human Health Regulating Organic Food Production fruit and veggies? Federal Pesticide Regulation Pesticides and Human Health Regulating Organic Food ; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

-- OAS Intranet -- Sunday 27 May 2018 Approved Program-Budget 2018 Proposed Program-Budget 2018 Approved Program-Budget 2017 Proposed Program-Budget 2017 Approved Program-Budget 2016 Proposed Program -Budget 2016 Approved Program-Budget 2015 Proposed Program-Budget 2015 Approved Program-Budget 2014

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE 12-KM NAM PARENT DOMAIN AND THE NAM CONUS NEST? (04 Nov 2011, updated 13 April 2017 . Back to Table of Contents WHY IS THE QPF DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE 12-KM NAM PARENT DOMAIN AND THE NAM different QPF fields between the 12km NAM parent and the NAM nests. 13 April 2017 update: In the 12 August

NOAA Weather Radio - Using NWR SAME

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Transmitter Outages FAQ NWR - Special Needs ESPAÑOL Español Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el

NOAA Weather Radio - EAS Event Codes

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Transmitter Outages FAQ NWR - Special Needs ESPAÑOL Español Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el

NOAA Weather Radio - Station Listing

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Outages FAQ NWR - Special Needs ESPAÑOL Español Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor

NOAA Weather Radio - NWR Voices

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Transmitter Outages FAQ NWR - Special Needs ESPAÑOL Español Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el

NOAA Weather Radio - General Information

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing - Special Needs ESPAÑOL Español Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Acerca de NWR ESTACIONES NACIONAL Información General Información Para el consumidor receptor NWR

The Sky This Week, 2016 April 26 - May 3 - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

the week coursing through the summer Milky Way, skirting the southern reaches of the ecliptic in the morning sky. Last Quarter occurs on the 29th at 11:29 pm Eastern Daylight Time. As Luna wanes through her begins on the 29th and lasts through May 8th. This month's target constellation is Leo, the Lion, which

The Evolving Search for the Nature of Dark Energy | Berkeley Lab

Science.gov Websites

percent of its contents is ordinary matter, 24 percent is dark matter, and all the rest is dark energy ordinary matter, 24 percent is dark matter, and all the rest is dark energy - unless there's a flaw in our Universe, and it's pushing all the rest - ordinary matter and dark matter - farther apart at an ever

Chief Information Officer > About DoD CIO > Organization > DCIO CS

Science.gov Websites

Skip to main content (Press Enter). Toggle navigation Chief Information Officer Search Search Chief Information Officer: Search Search Chief Information Officer: Search Chief Information Officer U.S. Department of Defense Chief Information Officer Home About DoD CIO Bios Organization DCIO C4&IIC DCIO IE

Defense.gov - Special Report - Progress Report: Department of Defense

Science.gov Websites

the need to re-shape and re-balance the direction of the Department and an increasingly challenging capabilities, requirements, risks and needs for the purpose of shifting the Department toward a different , the Landing Platform Dock ship and Mobile Landing Platform ship; and Completing production of the C-17

Publications - PIR 2015-5 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

superposition of strike-slip and reverse-slip faults in the Bruin Bay fault system, Ursus Head, lower Cook Inlet , Preliminary investigation of fracture populations in Mesozoic strata of the Cook Inlet forearc basin: Iniskin observations: Continued facies analysis of the Lower Jurassic Talkeetna Formation, north Chinitna Bay, Alaska

Publications - GMC 329 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Bee Creek 1976 holes of Chignik C2 Quadrangle (B-1, 265'; B-2, 500'; B-3, 500'; B-4, 300' and B-5, 300 the Bee Creek 1976 holes of Chignik C2 Quadrangle (B-1, 265'; B-2, 500'; B-3, 500'; B-4, 300' and B-5

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

Search For Go NWS All NOAA NWR Recepción El área de la recepción nominal para un receptor de Radio cosas afectan la recepción de señas de la radio. Por ejemplo, las extensiones grandes de agua de sal de NWR. Siga leyendo si está dentro del área pero tiene dificultad con recepción. Su seña de la

Research | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

-V cells Hybrid tandems Polycrystalline Thin-Film PV CdTe solar cells CIGS solar cells Perovskites and Organic PV Perovskite solar cells Organic PV solar cells Advanced Materials, Devices, and Science Interfacial and Surface Science Reliability and Engineering Real-Time PV and Solar Resource

Chioke Harris | NREL

Science.gov Websites

transfer and materials science to the development of high-performance building components. He is member of the Building Energy Science Group, his research focuses on the application of fundamental heat particularly interested in the development of novel opaque insulation and window frame materials using nano

Water Power Research | Water Power | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Water Power Research Water Power Research NREL conducts water power research; develops design tools Columbia River, Washington. Hydropower Research Hydropower technologies convert the energy of water moving ; and evaluates, validates, and supports the demonstration of innovative water power technologies. Photo

Mengjin Yang | NREL

Science.gov Websites

on the formation of higher efficiency formamidinium lead triiodide-based solar cells," Chem -0003-2019-4298 Dr. Mengjin Yang received his Ph.D. in Materials Science from the University of Pittsburgh, where he investigated nanomaterials for solar energy conversion under the supervision of Prof

Geothermal Energy | Climate Neutral Research Campuses | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Geothermal Energy Geothermal Energy Research campuses can take advantage of geothermal resources sections that describe how examining geothermal energy may fit into your climate action plans. Campus Options Considerations Sample Project Related Links Campus Geothermal Energy Options Campuses can use

Battery Control Algorithms | Transportation Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

publications. Accounting for Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation in Electric Vehicle Charging Optimization Advanced Reformulation of Lithium-Ion Battery Models for Enabling Electric Transportation Fail-Safe Design for Large Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Systems Contact Ying Shi Email | 303-275-4240

NREL: News - Winner of Solar Decathlon to be Announced

Science.gov Websites

Winner of Solar Decathlon to be Announced Friday, October 4, 2002 Washington, D.C.- The winner of National Gallery of Art Note: All houses competing in the Solar Decathlon will be open to the public from 9 the U.S. Department of Energy's first Solar Decathlon will be announced noon, Saturday, October 6 in

Site Description | CTIO

Science.gov Websites

Preserving the Dark Skies La Oficina de Protección de la Calidad del Cielo del Norte de Chile - OPCC Light view Cerro Pachón CTIO/AURA La Serena Facilities The "El Totoral" Reserve, Cerro Tololo and . back to top Sky Brightness over Cerro Pachón and Cerro Tololo Light pollution from nearby cities (La

AF Week in Photos > U.S. Air Force > Article Display

Science.gov Websites

Professors Senior Mentor Biographies Fact Sheets Commander's Call Topics CCT Archive CSAF Reading List 2017 CSAF Reading List 2016 CSAF Reading List 2015 CSAF Reading List 2014 CSAF Reading List 2013 CSAF Reading List 2012 CSAF Reading List 2011 CSAF Reading List 2010 CSAF Reading List 2009 CSAF Reading List

National Wind Technology Center | NREL

Science.gov Websites

. Wind Energy Research Wind turbine blade Wind energy research at the NWTC allows for validation and verification of large and small components and wind turbine systems. Photo by Dennis Schroeder / NREL 40935 Wind energy research at the NWTC has pioneered wind turbine components, systems, and modeling methods

Astronomical Information Center - Naval Oceanography Portal

Science.gov Websites

section Advanced Search... Sections Home Time Earth Orientation Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Ice You the Moon Illuminated Time Universal Time and Greenwich Mean Time What is Terrestrial Time? Computing Greenwich Apparent Sidereal Time What are the U.S. Time Zones? World Time Zone Map When Does Daylight Time

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Data Downloads

Science.gov Websites

Data Downloads to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Data Downloads on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Data Downloads on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Data Downloads on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Data Downloads on Delicious Rank

Home Page, Alaska Department of Fish and Game

Science.gov Websites

Orders Media/Press Releases Hot Topics & Issues Board of Fisheries and Game: Actions & Activities Habitat Special Areas Fish Habitat Boards Board of Game Board of Fisheries The Joint Board Commissioner Maps & Area Information File Hunt Report Trapping Boards Board of Fisheries Board of Game

CAEBAT Model Featured on American Chemical Society Journal Tenth

Science.gov Websites

University's School of Mechanical Engineering has yielded new insights for lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery corresponding article, "Secondary-Phase Stochastics in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes" detailing the microstructural modifications can greatly improve overall Li-ion battery performance. The value of this work is

Energy Storage News | Transportation | Transportation Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

NREL/Purdue team's corresponding article, "Secondary-Phase Stochastics in Lithium-Ion Battery by NREL and NASA, the Battery ISC Device revolutionizes the way lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are collaboration with Purdue University's School of Mechanical Engineering has yielded new insights for lithium-ion

News and Feature Stories | NREL

Science.gov Websites

insights for lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery electrodes at the microstructural level, that can lead to Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes" detailing the research and resulting discoveries, is showcased inside 19th annual Middle School Electric Car Competition, where students raced solar and lithium-ion powered

Publications - GMC 73 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

following seven NPRA wells: Fish Creek test well #1; Oumalik test well #1; Peard test well #1; Tunalik #1 ; Umiat test well #11; Wolf Creek test well #3; and Walapka test well #1 Authors: Unknown Publication Date wells: Fish Creek test well #1; Oumalik test well #1; Peard test well #1; Tunalik #1; Umiat test well

Nolan Wilson | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Nolan Wilson Nolan Wilson Postdoctoral Researcher-Chemical Engineering Nolan.Wilson@nrel.gov | 303 Ph.D., Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 2014 M.S., Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 2012 B.S., Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 2007 Professional

GISD

Science.gov Websites

information on the ecology of the species, its impacts and management, a comprehensive bibliography and a list ) General Impact information Management information Distribution The Distribution page presents the global page collates management information from the profile narrative page plus location-specific management

Staff - Trent D. Hubbard | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

, R.P., Darrow, M.M., and Hubbard, T.D., 2015, Influence of catchment properties on stability of frozen : Evaluating geologic hazards and the distribution and character of geologic materials on Alaska's North Slope Professor, Department of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 2003

Standard Terms and Conditions | NREL

Science.gov Websites

and Technical Services Subcontracts, Cost-Type (1) Cost Sharing (2) Cost Reimbursement (3) Cost Plus Than Foreign) (1) Cost Sharing (2) Cost Reimbursement (2) Cost Plus Fixed Fee. Appendix B-10 (12/15/16 /15/16) Standard Terms and Conditions for Travel Requirements (1) Cost Sharing (2) Cost Reimbursement

Publications - PIR 2015-5-8 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

lower sandstone member of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation, northern Chinitna Bay, Alaska, in Wartes member of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation, northern Chinitna Bay, Alaska Authors: Wartes, M.A Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska

Publications - PIR 2015-5-4 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

facies analysis of the Lower Jurassic Talkeetna Formation, north Chinitna Bay, Alaska, in Wartes, M.A of the Lower Jurassic Talkeetna Formation, north Chinitna Bay, Alaska Authors: Bull, K.F. Publication Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska

Presentations - Herriott, T.M. and others, 2011 | Alaska Division of

Science.gov Websites

Details Title: Detailed geologic mapping and overview of structural and stratigraphic studies in the east Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of in the east-central North Slope foothills, Alaska (poster): 3P Arctic, The Polar Petroleum Potential

Idaho Water Resources Research Institute

Science.gov Websites

Students Parents Alumni Faculty & Staff students walk on University of Idaho campus Visit U of I Learn Visit Students on Campus Title IX Helping to ensure U of I is a safe and engaging place for students to Diversity Athletics Events News Directory A - Z Prospective Students Current Students Parents Alumni Faculty

First International Workshop on Grid Simulator Testing of Wind Turbine

Science.gov Websites

of Wind Turbine Drivetrains First International Workshop on Grid Simulator Testing of Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Drivetrains June 13-14, 2013, at the National Wind Technology Center near Boulder apparatuses involved in grid compliance testing of utility-scale wind turbine generators. This includes both

Community Solar | State, Local, and Tribal Governments | NREL

Science.gov Websites

distributed generation owners for the power that their systems contribute to the grid. Community solar generation from an offsite solar system. Some form of VNM must exist for community solar to work properly so Electric Power Association. Community Solar: NREL's Working Group on Community Solar Gardens meeting

NREL Projects Awarded More Than $3 Million to Advance Novel Solar

Science.gov Websites

in Grid Operations," evaluating a research solution to better integrate solar power generation funding program, which advances state-of-the-art techniques for predicting solar power generation to Office to advance predictive modeling of solar power as part of its Solar Forecasting 2 funding program

Scanning Defect Mapping | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

SDMS moves the treated wafer across a stationary laser beam and maps the defects for each location on the wafer. The amount of light reflected from an area is proportional to the dislocation density for that area and provides a direct statistical count of the number of dislocations. PV Research Other

Climate Prediction Center - Seasonal Outlook

Science.gov Websites

ACCOUNT FOR THE LATEST DYNAMICAL AND STATISTICAL GUIDANCE. LONG TERM TRENDS ACCOUNT FOR THE FAMILIAR U Time. Please consult the schedule of 30 & 90-day outlooks for exact release dates. Text Discussions COLLEGE PARK MD 830 AM EDT THU MAY 17 2018 SUMMARY OF THE OUTLOOK FOR NON-TECHNICAL USERS ENSO NEUTRAL

Project Development Model | Integrated Energy Solutions | NREL

Science.gov Websites

. The five elements of project fundamentals are: Baseline: Analyze the current situation for the site . The two-phase iterative model includes elements in project fundamentals and project development based State and Local Energy Data (SLED) tool, developed by NREL for the U.S. Department of Energy, to get

Rare Earth Elements | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

- Mineral Resources main content Rare Earth Elements Rare earth elements and the supply and demand of these deposits containing rare earth elements to meet the perceived future demand. High prices for rare earth earth element occurrences in the DGGS publications catalog. Department of Natural Resources, Division of

John B. Goodenough, Cathode Materials, and Rechargeable Lithium-ion

Science.gov Websites

cathode materials for the lithium-ion rechargeable battery that is ubiquitous in today’s portable conductors has enabled realization of the rechargeable lithium-ion battery used in cellular telephones and Goodenough, the rechargeable lithium ion battery, and related research is available in electronic documents

La Aventura de las Partículas

Science.gov Websites

ciertas formas fundamentales. Explore las siguientes rutas que le explicarán la materia del universo! La grande del logo de la Ruta SM) La ruta de las evidencias experimentales : aprenda como los físicos diseà explicación de los "por qué" de las interacciones físicas hay todavía muchos misterios por

NOAA Weather Radio - Información General

Science.gov Websites

logo La Radio de Canada NWR receiver logo recepción COVERAGE County Coverage Listings State Coverage Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Search For Go NWS All NOAA Información General NWR receiver logo Información de Fondo (incluyendo

Fermilab Today

Science.gov Websites

Search GO Special Result of the Week Toward a high-intensity muon source Impact of a single pulse of 12 x moment of impact (T=0); b) 9ms after impact; c) 15ms after impact. To solve the mysteries of nature 1012 protons at 14 GeV on a 1cm-wide jet of mercury flowing at 15m/s in a 10T solenoid field: a) at the

Xiaowen Chen | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Xiaowen Chen Photo of Xiaowen Chen Xiaowen Chen Researcher IV-Chemical Engineering Xiaowen.Chen Education Ph.D., Chemical Engineering, University of Maine, 2009 M.S., Chemical Engineering, University of Maine, 2005 B.S., Chemical Engineering in Polymer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science

Sandia National Laboratories: Research: R&D 100 Awards

Science.gov Websites

high radiation environments such as space. Watch the video. control system for active damping of inter first commercially available, high-voltage, high-frequency, high-current, high-temperature, single-chip Materials Science Nanodevices & Microsystems Radiation Effects & High Energy Density Science

NOAA Photo Library -

Science.gov Websites

logo and clouds NSSL is one of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's internationally of tornado Tornadoes picture of vintage doppler radar Instruments picture of clouds Sky Scenes -known Environmental Research Laboratories, leading the way in investigations of all aspects of severe

Batavia Boy Scouts | News

Science.gov Websites

Financial Officer Finance Section Office of the Chief Operating Officer Facilities Engineering Services Accelerator Division Accelerator Physics Center Office of the Chief Safety Officer Environment, Safety, Health and Quality Section Office of the Chief Project Officer Office of Project Support Services Office of

Tuberculosis Reports - UDOH-EPI

Science.gov Websites

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Reports Tuberculosis Reports Tuberculosis Utah Reports Tuberculosis in Utah - Five (IBIS-PH) Tuberculosis 2015 Monthy Reports January February March April May June Tuberculosis National Reports National TB Data and Statistics Tuberculosis Global Reports TB Incidence Map by country TB

Eric O'Shaughnessy | NREL

Science.gov Websites

of residential solar PV markets. Eric leads the lab's solar data partnerships program. Eric's current green power market research. Research Interests Economic analysis, econometrics, distributed solar PV . Ardani, R. Margolis. 2018. Solar plus: Optimization of distributed solar PV through battery storage and

Photovoltaics | Climate Neutral Research Campuses | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Photovoltaics Photovoltaics Solar photovoltaics (PV) is a mature, commercially available technology arrays. Campus Solar Energy Options A PV system requires periodic maintenance, but upkeep averages two to undertaking a solar energy assessment or PV installation. Solar Energy Resources Solar energy production

University of Maryland MRSEC - Education: Resources

Science.gov Websites

. University of Maryland Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Home About Us Leadership Moments in MSE The Materials Science and Engineering Career Resources Center Materials Research Society Central Super Science Fair Projects: Ideas, Topics, & Experiments All Science Fair Projects Science

Pesticide Information for Veterinarians

Science.gov Websites

; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure Home Page Pesticide Health and Safety Information Pesticides and Animal Health Pesticide Information

Pesticide Regulations

Science.gov Websites

costs and benefits of pesticides to society. They try to identify the potential risks on human health ; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure

A to Z Index of Topics

Science.gov Websites

; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure Health and Pesticides Animal Health Care Provider Information Animal Incident Reporting Annual Reports

Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

Science.gov Websites

Publications CTBUH Journal Awards Books Technical Guides Research Reports Other Books IJHRB Research Journal TBUH Chinese Journal Virtual Research Journal Conference Publications Posters Awards Global Awards Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat About CTBUH Organization & People Membership

Home | Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico

Science.gov Websites

Publicaciones Registros Suicidio Tuberculosis Centro de Aprendizaje Virtual sobre temas de Preparación en Salud Tuberculosis Centro de Aprendizaje Virtual sobre temas de Preparación en Salud Pública Informe de Casos de Departamento de Salud Search... Search It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled

The Evolving Market Structure of the U.S. Residential Solar PV Installation

Science.gov Websites

Solar PV Installation Industry, 2000-2016 The Evolving Market Structure of the U.S. Residential Solar PV residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system and that the residential PV installation industry has become more concentrated over time. From 2000 to 2016, the U.S. residential solar photovoltaic (PV) installation industry

DefenseLink.mil - Pentagon Memorial Dedication

Science.gov Websites

Dept. photo by Army Staff Sgt. Michael J. Carden An entry stone at the Pentagon Memorial lists the their lives during the Sept. 11 terrorist attack on the Pentagon. Photo by Staff Sgt. Michael J. Carden Staff Sgt. Michael J. Carden A member of The United States Air Force Band practices before the start of

O, Canada: NREL Partnership Produces New Take on Alternative Fueling

Science.gov Websites

Fueling Station Locator. The tool, which is part of a significant investment by the Canadian government to to develop a modern, bilingual web tool that makes it easier for drivers of alternative fuel vehicles Locator Tool March 5, 2018 Word of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) deep transportation

Publications - PIR 2015-5-9 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

content DGGS PIR 2015-5-9 Publication Details Title: Evidence of a submarine canyon in the Snug Harbor ., Decker, P.L., and Wartes, M.A., 2015, Evidence of a submarine canyon in the Snug Harbor Siltstone and Pomeroy Arkose Members, Naknek Formation, south-central Alaska: Implications for the distribution of

Visualization and Analytics Software Tools for Peregrine System |

Science.gov Websites

R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. Go to the R web site for System Visualization and Analytics Software Tools for Peregrine System Learn about the available visualization for OpenGL-based applications. For more information, please go to the FastX page. ParaView An open

Inventory of File gfs.t06z.smartguam00.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

boundary layer WDIR analysis Wind Direction (from which blowing) [degtrue] 013 planetary boundary layer WIND analysis Wind Speed [m/s] 014 planetary boundary layer RH analysis Relative Humidity [%] 015 planetary boundary layer DIST analysis Geometric Height [m] 016 surface 4LFTX analysis Best (4 layer) Lifted

John Lewis | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Lewis John Lewis John Lewis Researcher IV-Chemical Engineering John.Lewis@nrel.gov | 303-275-3021 Education Ph.D. Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1996 M.S. Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1993 B.S. Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M

Buy or sell used musical instruments | News

Science.gov Websites

Financial Officer Finance Section Office of the Chief Operating Officer Facilities Engineering Services Accelerator Division Accelerator Physics Center Office of the Chief Safety Officer Environment, Safety, Health and Quality Section Office of the Chief Project Officer Office of Project Support Services Office of

David Toback re-elected CDF co-spokesperson | News

Science.gov Websites

Financial Officer Finance Section Office of the Chief Operating Officer Facilities Engineering Services Accelerator Division Accelerator Physics Center Office of the Chief Safety Officer Environment, Safety, Health and Quality Section Office of the Chief Project Officer Office of Project Support Services Office of

MMAB Mission Statement

Science.gov Websites

services. Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch Logo Click here to go to the EMC/MMAB homepage MMAB Mission Statement The Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch is part of the Environmental Modeling Center, which is Environmental Prediction Environmental Modeling Center Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch 5830 University

Materials and Devices | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Polycrystalline Thin-Film PV Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells Perovskite and Organic PV Perovskite solar cells Perovskite Patent Portfolio Organic PV (OPV ) solar cells Advanced Materials, Devices, and Concepts We explore new PV materials using high-throughput

Silicon Materials and Devices R&D | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

" and "Si-based Tandem Solar Cells"), Next Generation Photovoltaics (NextGen PV III), and devices, especially for photovoltaic (PV) cell applications. PV Research Other Materials & Devices pages: High-Efficiency Crystalline PV Polycrystalline Thin-Film PV Perovskite and Organic PV Advanced PV

Water Resource Sustainability Conference 2015

Science.gov Websites

| Honolulu, Hawaii Presented By Water Resources Research Center (WRRC), Hawaii and American Samoa Water and Environmental Research Institute (WERI), Guam Puerto Rico Water Resources and Environmental Research Institute (PRWRERI), Puerto Rico The Virgin Islands Water Resources Research Institute (VI-WRRI), U. S. Virgin

NOAA Photo Library

Science.gov Websites

reached the mature stage of formation. Image ID: nssl0065, NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL Available Publication of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Adminstration NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes

NOAA Photo Library

Science.gov Websites

in its early stage of formation. Image ID: nssl0061, NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL Available Publication of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Adminstration NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes

NOAA Photo Library

Science.gov Websites

in its early stage of formation. Image ID: nssl0062, NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL Available Publication of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Adminstration NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes

NOAA Photo Library

Science.gov Websites

in its early stage of formation. Image ID: nssl0064, NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL Available Publication of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Adminstration NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes

Wind Maps | Geospatial Data Science | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Wind Maps Wind Maps Wind Prospector This GIS application supports resource assessment and data exploration for wind development. This collection of wind maps and assessments details the wind resource in Geospatial Data Science Team. National Wind Resource Assessment The national wind resource assessment was

Impacts | Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

in hard hats standing on top of a large wind turbine overlooking several other wind turbines in the Framework Transforms FAST Wind Turbine Modeling Tool NREL Assesses National Design Standards for Offshore Wind Resource NREL Identifies Investments for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Technologies Awards R&D 100

@NWTC Newsletter: Fall 2013 | Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Assessment of the U.S. Wind Industry in 2012 NREL Identifies Investments for Wind Turbine Drivetrain , medium-speed, medium-voltage wind turbine drivetrain design. Tapping into unparalleled expertise, the The drivetrain of a wind turbine converts the power of the wind into electrical energy. Now

Geothermal Maps | Geospatial Data Science | NREL

Science.gov Websites

presented in these maps was aggregated from the Geothermal Energy Association 2014 Annual U.S. and Global Geothermal Maps Geothermal Maps Our geothermal map collection covers U.S. geothermal power plants , geothermal resource potential, and geothermal power generation. If you have difficulty accessing these maps

NREL: Renewable Resource Data Center - Geothermal Resource Information

Science.gov Websites

Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Geothermal Technologies Program. Its collection , and thermal springs. View NREL's Geothermal resource maps as well as maps for other renewable energy Geothermal Resource Information Geothermal Prospector Start exploring U.S. geothermal resources

XHTML Vocabulary

Science.gov Websites

content of resource. contentinfo contains meta information about the content on the page or the page as a Applications Vocabulary alert A message with important, and usually time-sensitive, information. Also see : true, false, or mixed. columnheader A cell containing header information for a column. combobox A

Federal Pesticide Regulation

Science.gov Websites

pesticides, the EPA works to protect human health and the environment. The EPA works cooperatively with state ; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure

Before You Control Your Pest

Science.gov Websites

; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure activities. Public Health Departments Control pests that impact human health and that are a community concern

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

fueled for the fleet to be subject to the regulatory requirements. Under Standard Compliance, the AFVs that may be used toward compliance or banked once the fleet achieves compliance for investments in composition. For more information, visit the EPAct State and Alternative Fuel Provider Fleets website

R&D Nuggets

Science.gov Websites

Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoveries [added 1/2007] National Laboratories and Other to the content of DOE R&D Accomplishments. Celebrating Einstein - series of articles about Albert Einstein and his work [added 3/2005] Compact Portable Electric Power Sources [added 1/2007] History of the

Fermilab | Science | Historic Results

Science.gov Websites

quark since the discovery of the bottom quark at Fermilab through fixed-target experiments in 1977. Both cosmic rays. Researchers previously had assumed that cosmic rays approach the Earth uniformly from random impact the Earth generally come from the direction of active galactic nuclei. Many large galaxies

ACHP | Defense Department Compliance with NHPA

Science.gov Websites

NHPA: Section 202(a)(6) Evaluation Report Defense Department Compliance with the National Historic )(6) Evaluation Report is a preliminary step in helping the Department of Defense marshall its Search skip specific nav links Home arrow Publications arrow Intro: Defense Department Compliance with

SIMES

Science.gov Websites

image nivo slider image nivo slider image nivo slider image nivo slider image nivo slider image Quick Energy@Stanford&SLAC LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource 29 30 31 1 2 3 Events (List View) No events See all events ©2012- Stanford University. All rights

Navy.mil The Official Website of the United States Navy: Home Page

Science.gov Websites

of the Navy Chief Of Naval Operations Master Chief Petty Officer Of The Navy Chief Of Naval Personnel Pentagon Hall of Heroes On May 25, Medal of Honor recipient retired Master Chief Petty Officer (SEAL Of Naval Operations Master Chief Petty Officer Of The Navy Chief Of Naval Personnel Biographies SES

ACHP | News | President Bush Issues Executive Order on Preserve America

Science.gov Websites

requirements of subsections 3(a)-(c) of this order. To assist agencies, the Council, in consultation with the Preservation Officer in accordance with section 110(c) of the NHPA. The senior official shall ensure that the public benefit from, and access to, Federally owned historic properties. (c) The Council is directed to

Publications - GMC 9 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

; Texaco West Kavik #1; Canning River B-1; ARCO Kavik #1; Forest Kemik #1; BP Kemik #2; Canning River A-1 ; Toolik Federal #1 Authors: Curiale, J.A. Publication Date: 1982 Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological eight North Slope wells: Mobil West Staines #2; Texaco West Kavik #1; Canning River B-1; ARCO Kavik #1

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

.mapWrapper #text{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:.5em}#container .mapWrapper #text h2{margin:0 0 0.5em 0 }#container .mapWrapper #text h3{margin:0 0 0.5em 0}#container .mapWrapper #text h4{font-size:.9em;margin -bottom:.5em}#container .mapWrapper #text>div{margin-bottom:1.5em}#container .mapWrapper #text>div

Energy-Water Nexus and Energy Systems Integration | Energy Systems

Science.gov Websites

on a new area of research geared at finding ways to balance our water use for power systems. Photo of a body of water NREL's research explores the relationship between how much water is evaporated to spectrum. Learn more about NREL's energy-water nexus research. Team with us on water-energy nexus research

NREL to Lead Novel Field Demonstration of Wind Turbine Control at the Wind

Science.gov Websites

Power Plant Level | News | NREL to Lead Novel Field Demonstration of Wind Turbine Control at the Wind Power Plant Level NREL to Lead Novel Field Demonstration of Wind Turbine Control at the Wind to test wind turbine technology controls at the overall wind power plant level. This is a significant

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Maps and Data

Science.gov Websites

2014 2015 2016 Acura 1 2 1 Audi 6 6 7 7 Bentley Motors 3 3 4 4 3 BMW 1 3 1 3 6 6 5 Buick 1 1 1 3 4 5 1 3 2 Cadillac 2 2 4 4 6 4 2 1 Chevrolet 1 2 3 1 4 4 6 5 7 7 8 7 8 9 11 10 11 14 20 26 24 30 27 Chrysler 2 2 3 2 4 1 1 1 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 3 5 5 Coda Automotive 1 1 0 Dodge 2 2 3 7 5 1 4 4 6 6 6 2 4 5 5 5 6

Recycling

Science.gov Websites

Alamos National Laboratory Delivering science and technology to protect our nation and promote world stability Science & Innovation Collaboration Careers Community Environment Science & Innovation Facilities Science Pillars Research Library Science Briefs Science News Science Highlights Lab Organizations

Home Energy Saver

Science.gov Websites

. Environmental Protection Agency logo PIER logo Touchstome Energy Cooperatives logo California Air Resouces Board logo Infosys logo Berkeley Lab logo Created for the US Department of Energy by the Energy Technologies Energy logo

The policy of the Laboratory is to provide a safe and healthy workplace for

Science.gov Websites

group within the Collider Accelerator (C-A) Department. The Advanced Accelerator Group, a group within ://www.tvdg.bnl.gov/index.html that also has links to the C-A and other BNL information. We hope your stay at policies are outlined in the Employees' Handbook, the BNL ES&H Standards the C-A Operations Procedure

NOAA Weather Radio

Science.gov Websites

Programación Español Listado de estación Explicacion de SAME Coverage Station Listing County Listing Search For Go NWS All NOAA Lista de Emisora y Cobertura Seleccione aquí para radiofrecuencias (La lista Transmitter Outages FAQ NWR - Special Needs ESPAÑOL Español Condado de cobertura Listado de estación Lista

Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Morón | Concentrating Solar Power |

Science.gov Websites

, 2018 Project Overview Project Name: Morón Country: Spain Location: Morón de la Frontera (Seville ? Background Technology: Parabolic trough Status: Operational Country: Spain City: Morón de la Frontera Region NREL Morón This page provides information on Morón, a concentrating solar power (CSP) project

Index of /data/nccf/com/gens/prod

Science.gov Websites

-2018 17:38 - cmce.20180527/ 27-May-2018 05:39 - fens.20180526/ 26-May-2018 17:50 - fens.20180527/ 27 -May-2018 06:20 - gefs.20180520/ 20-May-2018 22:41 - gefs.20180521/ 21-May-2018 22:43 - gefs.20180522 / 22-May-2018 22:43 - gefs.20180523/ 23-May-2018 22:42 - gefs.20180524/ 24-May-2018 22:43 - gefs

Index of /data/nccf/com/gfs/prod

Science.gov Websites

-2018 08:00 - enkf.20180527/ 27-May-2018 06:37 - gdas.20180518/ 21-May-2018 01:00 - gdas.20180519/ 22 -May-2018 01:00 - gdas.20180520/ 23-May-2018 02:00 - gdas.20180521/ 24-May-2018 01:00 - gdas.20180522 / 25-May-2018 02:00 - gdas.20180523/ 26-May-2018 02:00 - gdas.20180524/ 27-May-2018 02:00 - gdas

From Nigel Lockyer: Five things you should know | News

Science.gov Websites

Financial Officer Finance Section Office of the Chief Operating Officer Facilities Engineering Services Accelerator Division Accelerator Physics Center Office of the Chief Safety Officer Environment, Safety, Health and Quality Section Office of the Chief Project Officer Office of Project Support Services Office of

MicroBooNE project team recognized by Department of Energy | News

Science.gov Websites

Financial Officer Finance Section Office of the Chief Operating Officer Facilities Engineering Services Accelerator Division Accelerator Physics Center Office of the Chief Safety Officer Environment, Safety, Health and Quality Section Office of the Chief Project Officer Office of Project Support Services Office of

DGIC Interconnection Insights | Distributed Generation Interconnection

Science.gov Websites

Power Association (SEPA), produced a webinar Utility Participation in the Roof Top Solar PV Market with ). These leaders are pioneering utility-owned rooftop solar programs to broaden the reach of solar PV utility hired solar PV developers who, representing CPS Energy, will install, own, and maintain solar

Solar Plus: A Holistic Approach to Distributed Solar PV | Solar Research |

Science.gov Websites

NREL Plus: A Holistic Approach to Distributed Solar PV Solar Plus: A Holistic Approach to Distributed Solar PV A new NREL report analyzes "solar plus," an emerging approach to distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment that uses energy storage and controllable devices to optimize

2015 PV Solar Resource Workshop | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

PV Solar Resource Workshop 2015 PV Solar Resource Workshop Friday, February 27, 2015 Chairs understand the solar resource available to PV plants and opportunities for the community to improve over the as Adobe Acrobat PDFs. Solar Resource Needs for Prediction and Monitoring of PV Performance

The New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute at Rutgers NJAES

Science.gov Websites

Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station [The New Jersey Water Resources Research wetland Program Areas The New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute (NJWRRI) is a federally-funded water in the state. Its mission is to: sponsor research on all aspects of water quality, water quantity

Energy Systems Integration Facility Insight Center | Energy Systems

Science.gov Websites

simulation data. Photo of researchers studying data on a 3-D power system profile depicting the interaction of renewable energy resources on the grid. Capabilities The Insight Center offers the following Integration Facility Insight Center Located adjacent to the Energy System Integration Facility's High

NREL Leads Wind Farm Modeling Research - Continuum Magazine | NREL

Science.gov Websites

ten 2-MW Bonus wind turbines. Photo provided by HC Sorensen, Middelgrunden Wind Turbine Cooperative ) has created complex computer modeling tools to improve wind turbine design and overall wind farm activity surrounding a multi-megawatt wind turbine. In addition to its work with Doppler LIDAR, the

@NWTC Newsletter: Summer 2014 | Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

, Developmental Role in Major Wind Journal Boosting Wind Plant Power Output by 4%-5% through Coordinated Turbine . Part 2: Wind Farm Wake Models New Framework Transforms FAST Wind Turbine Modeling Tool (Fact Sheet ) Sensitivity Analysis of Wind Plant Performance to Key Turbine Design Parameters: A Systems Engineering

Geothermal Energy Basics | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Geothermal Energy Basics Geothermal Energy Basics Many technologies have been developed to take advantage of geothermal energy-the heat from the earth. This heat can be drawn from several sources: hot hot spring. The Earth's heat-called geothermal energy-escapes as steam at a hot springs in Nevada

Nuclear and Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology : T-2 : LANL

Science.gov Websites

linked in Search T-2, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology T-2 Home T Division Focus Areas Nuclear Information Service Nuclear Physics Particle Physics Astrophysics Cosmology CONTACTS Group energy security, heavy ion physics, nuclear astrophysics, physics beyond the standard model, neutrino

99aa/99ac data sets

Science.gov Websites

-redshifted), Observed Flux, Statistical Error (Based on the optimal extraction algorithm of the IRAF packages were acquired using different instrumental settings for the blue and red parts of the spectrum to avoid extracted for systematics checks of the wavelength calibration. Wavelength and flux calibration were applied

PEER Annual Meeting | Events

Science.gov Websites

window. 2018 PEER Annual Meeting, Jan 18-19, 2018 in Berkeley, CA 2016 PEER Annual Meeting, Jan 28-29 home about peer news events research products laboratories publications nisee b.i.p. members education FAQs links Events Calendar of PEER and Other Events PEER Events Archive PEER Annual Meeting 2009

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

m n _ 5 0 m _ m e t a d a t a _ f i l e s / f i l e l i s t . x m l " > < l i n k r e l = E d i t - T i m e - D a t a h r e f = " m n _ 5 0 m _ m e t a d a t a _ f i l e s / e d i t d a t a . m s o " > < ! - - [ i f ! m s o ] > < s t y l e > v \\ : * { b e h a v i o

Nicholas Brunhart-Lupo | NREL

Science.gov Websites

. Education Ph.D., Computer Science, Colorado School of Mines M.S., Computer Science, University of Queensland B.S., Computer Science, Colorado School of Mines Brunhart-Lupo Nicholas Brunhart-Lupo Computational Science Nicholas.Brunhart-Lupo@nrel.gov

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Website Search Box Search Field: SMS Website Search Search Submit: Submit Advanced Search IRLSI Home Search the Inventory The IRL Stewardship IRL Photo Institution Privacy SMS Home Contact Us Search NMNH Home DCSIMG

Index of /data/nccf/com/nam/prod

Science.gov Websites

-2018 21:04 - nam.20180521/ 21-May-2018 21:03 - nam.20180522/ 22-May-2018 21:02 - nam.20180523/ 23-May -2018 21:04 - nam.20180524/ 24-May-2018 21:02 - nam.20180525/ 25-May-2018 21:04 - nam.20180526/ 26-May -2018 21:03 - nam.20180527/ 27-May-2018 11:51 - nam_mos.20180526/ 26-May-2018 14:55 - nam_mos.20180527

WPC Maximum Heat Index Forecasts

Science.gov Websites

Forecasts for Western US CLICK ON MAPS FOR MAXIMUM HEAT INDEX AND PROBABILITY FORECASTS FROM SUN MAY 27 2018 02 CLICK to view SAT JUN 02 forecast SUN JUN 03 CLICK to view SUN JUN 03 forecast SUN JUN 03 CLICK to view SUN JUN 03 forecast SUN JUN 03 CLICK to view SUN JUN 03 forecast SUN JUN 03 CLICK to view SUN JUN

River Flow Advisory Commission: Snow Survey

Science.gov Websites

Survey River Watch Home → Snow Survey RFAC Information About Us Reports Maine Cooperative Snow Survey About the Snow Survey Snow Survey Map Compare Snow Survey Data Snow Survey Graphs River Watch MEMA Home USGS (Maine) Home Maine Cooperative Snow Survey This information is provided by a partnership with

Bobi A. Garrett - Deputy Laboratory Director and Chief Operating Officer

Science.gov Websites

| NREL Bobi A. Garrett - Deputy Laboratory Director and Chief Operating Officer Bobi A. Garrett - Deputy Laboratory Director and Chief Operating Officer A photo of Bobi A. Garrett, Deputy Laboratory Director and Chief Operating Officer In her role as deputy laboratory director/chief operating officer (COO

Sistema de Vigilancia de Influenza de Puerto Rico |

Science.gov Websites

Rico VIH Publicaciones sobre la Salud Otras Publicaciones Registros Suicidio Tuberculosis Centro de Suicidio Tuberculosis Recent Ávisos Públicos Reglamentación Informe de Casos del Síndrome de Guillain Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico Departamento de Salud Search... Search It looks like your

ACHP | News

Science.gov Websites

§ 800.10(c) provides further direction for the ACHP to consider requesting the preparation of a Reports Background. Section 213 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) [16 U.S.C. § 470u ] directs the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary), if requested by the Chairman of the Advisory Council on

Supercell and tornado roles

Science.gov Websites

where C is the storm motion vector, and k is the unit vector in the vertical (Davies-Jones et al. 1990 mutually interacting perspectives, each addressing different aspects of the supercell storms most directly marked by low clouds, extending to the left. Photograph © 2005 C. Doswell 4. Developing a conceptual

Exploring Renewable Energy Integration in California - Text Version |

Science.gov Websites

look at different penetrations of solar and understand how the duck chart shape change and how much analyses and different scenario analyses to understand the key drivers behind these challenges. Today, we each of our different scenarios. We have three different renewable portfolios that we looked at. On the

Presentations - Herriott, T.M. and others, 2015 | Alaska Division of

Science.gov Websites

Details Title: Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation, Cook Inlet forearc Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of ., Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., 2015, Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Upper Jurassic Naknek

Defenselink Special: Remembering September 11, 2001 - Six Years Later ...

Science.gov Websites

Sept. 11 Memorial observance, honoring the 184 people who perished when American Airline 77 crashed observance today honoring the 184 people who perished when American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the , Irwin gets emotional quickly when talking about the day that 184 people died here. One-hundred twenty

Wind Data | Geospatial Data Science | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Class 3 or greater are suitable for most utility-scale wind turbine applications, whereas class 2 areas ) with adequate wind resource for wind turbine applications may exist in some Class 1 areas. The degree Wind Data Wind Data These datasets detail the wind resource available in the United States. 50-m

Publications | Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

-specific analysis can be used to assess the risk induced by loss of a wind turbine blade. The study used for different wind turbine configurations. The authors used assumptions specific to the National Wind ., failure rate for wind turbine rotors) are based on a 13-year-old report on wind turbines installed in

NREL: Renewable Resource Data Center - Wind Resource Information

Science.gov Websites

and Actual Wind Turbine Sites (September 1982) and a Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States Wind Resource Information Photo of five wind turbines at the Nine Canyon Wind Project. The Nine Canyon Wind Project in Benton County, Washington, includes 37 wind turbines and 48 MW of capacity

NREL Research Determines Integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Should

Science.gov Websites

transportation and energy systems engineer at NREL and author of the new Nature Energy paper, "Impact of Muratori, author of the new Nature Energy paper "Impact of Uncoordinated Plug-in Electric Vehicle Integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Should Play a Big Role in Future Electric System Planning News

Publications - SR 65 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

; Geophysical Surveys Comments: Your help is crucial in the compilation of future Alaska Minerals Reports. The quality and completeness of the information in these annual reports is dependent on input from all members of the mineral industry. Please take time to fill out the current mining and mineral activity

Publications - SR 52 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

; Geophysical Surveys Comments: Your help is crucial in the compilation of future Alaska Minerals Reports. The quality and completeness of the information in these annual reports is dependent on input from all members of the mineral industry. Please take time to fill out the current mining and mineral activity

SuperCDMS - Home

Science.gov Websites

radiation and therefore it cannot be seen, which has earned it the title Dark Matter. Dark matter rest (approximately three quarters) of all the matter and energy in the universe is referred to as dark energy. Dark matter is most commonly hypothesized to be made up of exotic particles such as WIMPS (Weakly

Press Release | News | Page 2

Science.gov Websites

: Attend a Dark Matter Day event October 23, 2017 The world will soon be celebrating the hunt for the universe's most elusive matter in a series of Dark Matter Day events planned in over a dozen countries reveals most accurate measurement of dark matter structure in the universe August 3, 2017 Dark Energy

Press Release | News | Page 3

Science.gov Websites

, technology, engineering and math fields. New world-leading limit on dark matter search from PICO experiment February 27, 2017 The PICO-60 dark matter bubble chamber experiment has produced a new dark matter limit . Construction of world's most sensitive dark matter detector moves forward September 26, 2016 LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ), a

New Jersey | Midmarket Solar Policies in the United States | Solar Research

Science.gov Websites

| NRELA> Jersey New Jersey An arrow graphic shows that New Jersey's renewable portfolio standard property by a renewable system is exempt from property tax. Utility Incentive Programs The Board of Public incentive programs. Renewable Portfolio Standard New Jersey Board of Public Utilities: RPS Background New

Joint Center for Energy Storage Research

Science.gov Websites

singly charged lithium ions in the lithium-ion battery by new doubly or triple charged ions. Learn More Cells that Run on Air Scientists at UIC and Argonne Produce New Design of a True Lithium-air Battery phones from cumbersome bricks to sleek, powerful devices was possible because of the lithium-ion

SLAC Phone Directory: Search Form

Science.gov Websites

Facilities LCLS Hard X-Ray LCLS IT & Networking LCLS IT Photon Systems LCLS Instrumentation Dev LCLS Delivery Dept LCLS Science Research & DevDiv LCLS Soft X-Ray LCLS Technical Support LCLS User Beam Line Ops Sup SSRL MSD Hard X-rays SSRL MSD Soft X-rays SSRL MSDBeam Line Elec SSRL MSDBeam Line

Inventory of File nam.t00z.smartconus00.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

(Eta model reduction) [Pa] 014 planetary boundary layer WDIR analysis Wind Direction (from which blowing) [degtrue] 015 planetary boundary layer WIND analysis Wind Speed [m/s] 016 planetary boundary layer RH analysis Relative Humidity [%] 017 planetary boundary layer DIST analysis Geometric Height [m

Richard T. (Rick) Elander | NREL

Science.gov Websites

T. (Rick) Elander Photo of Rick Elander Richard Elander Researcher VI-Chemical Engineering Chemicals and AIChE Annual Meeting, multiple years Education M.S., Chemical Engineering (Biochemical Engineering), Colorado State University B.S., Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania Professional

Photovoltaic Lifetime Project | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

PV & Solar Resource Testing Accelerated Testing & Analysis Systems Engineering Project Sandia National Laboratories' PV Performance Modeling Collaborative website. Jinko Solar. PV systems mounted on the ground. Jinko Solar PV Lifetime installation at NREL. need-alt Light-induced degradation

Solar Photovoltaic Technology Basics | NREL

Science.gov Websites

For more information about solar photovoltaic energy, visit the following resources: Solar PV Photovoltaic Technology Basics Solar Photovoltaic Technology Basics Solar cells, also called photovoltaic (PV) cells by scientists, convert sunlight directly into electricity. PV gets its name from the

Alaska Department of Natural Resources

Science.gov Websites

Information Information Resource Management Information Resource Management (IRM) maintains the department's DNR's site DNR State of Alaska Toggle main menu visibility Home Contact Us Information Resource Management Recorder's Office/UCC Recorder's Office Recorder's Office Search Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) UCC

Publications | Geothermal Technologies | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Publications Publications NREL publishes a variety of publications related to geothermal energy geothermal energy research. Featured Publications Mexico's Geothermal Market Assessment Report NREL Technical investment in the country's geothermal energy sector. Since 2013, Mexico has enacted comprehensive reforms to

Pesticide Ingredients

Science.gov Websites

; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure Fact Sheets Types of Pesticides Pest Control Information Pesticide Health and Safety Information

International Pesticide Regulations

Science.gov Websites

; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure - World Health Organization (WHO) International Agencies: International Websites on Pesticides - OECD

Ella Zhou | NREL

Science.gov Websites

. 2015. Methods for Analyzing the Economic Value of Concentrating Solar Power with Thermal Energy in the United States, Potential Lessons for ChinaPDF. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy . Renewable Electricity: Insights for the Coming DecadePDF. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Ramin Faramarzi | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Ramin Faramarzi Photo of Ramin Faramarzi Ramin Faramarzi Researcher V-Mechanical Engineering Engineering, California State University B.S. Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina State University articles and is a registered mechanical engineer in the state of California. Education M.S. Mechanical

Environmental Stewardship

Science.gov Websites

. Protecting the present through resource management The Laboratory actively manages and protects resources on shared land. Through biological monitoring, the Laboratory strives to minimize operational impacts to plants and animals. Through collaboration with its stakeholders and local tribal governments, the

Home Energy Saver Pro

Science.gov Websites

welcome your suggestions and feedback. Environmental Protection Agency logo PIER logo Touchstome Energy Cooperatives logo California Air Resouces Board logo Infosys logo Berkeley Lab logo Created for the US the HES API for your projects Department of Energy logo

Christopher Kinchin | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Kinchin Photo of Christopher Kinchin Christopher Kinchin Researcher III-Chemical Engineering . Education B.S., Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University M.S., Chemical Engineering, University of North

Golden Rays - July 2017 | Solar Research | Solar Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Operator, First Solar, and NREL tested a 300-MW PV plant to demonstrate that, with proper controls, PV can technique to measure charge-carrier transport in PV materials. Solar Plus: A Holistic Approach to Distribution Solar PV By optimizing how PV interacts with other electricity loads at the household- and grid

EMC: Mesoscale Branch FAQ

Science.gov Websites

THE QPF DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE 12-KM NAM PARENT DOMAIN AND THE 4-KM NAM CONUS NEST? (04 Nov 2011) WHAT 28 MAR 2000? Eta Post Processor WHY IS THE SLP DIFFERENT BETWEEN AWIPS AND AFOS? (updated 6 Nov 98 IN THE BUFR OUTPUT DIFFERENT FROM WHAT IS OBSERVED? Eta Data Assimilation System (EDAS) COMMENTS ON

Western Wind Data Set | Grid Modernization | NREL

Science.gov Websites

replicates the stochastic nature of wind power plant output. NREL modeled hysteresis around wind turbine cut where wind speeds are often near wind turbine cut-out (~25 m/s), SCORE output does not replicate the Vestas V90). The hysteresis-corrected SCORE is an attempt to put the wind turbine hysteresis at cut-out

Wind Energy | Climate Neutral Research Campuses | NREL

Science.gov Websites

turbine or wind farm is one of the few technologies that supplies renewable energy at the scale required . Before determining whether a site is suitable for a wind turbine, read the Wind Energy Siting Handbook Community College has installed a wind turbine on site and now offers an Associate Degree in wind energy and

Glossary | Efficient Windows Collaborative

Science.gov Websites

double-hung windows as a means of counterbalancing the weight of the sash during opening and closing. Bay a fixed sash or a double-hung window. Also referred to as bead stop. Blackbody. The ideal, perfect member of the lower sash which meet at the middle of a double-hung window. Clerestory. A window in the

Publications - PDF 97-29I | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

igneous rocks of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle and vicinity Authors: Newberry, R.J., and Haug, S.A , and Sr isotopic data for igneous rocks of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle and vicinity: Alaska Division of ; Isotopes; Plutonic; STATEMAP Project; Trace Elements; Volcanic Top of Page Department of Natural Resources

NOAA Photo Library

Science.gov Websites

NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes you to the Contacts page. Takes you to the HELP page. Takes you to the Credits page. Takes you to the Collections page. Takes you to the search page. Takes you to the Links page. NOAA Photo Library Image

NOAA Photo Library - Search

Science.gov Websites

NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes you to the Contacts page. Takes you to the HELP page. Takes you to the Credits page. Takes you to the Collections page. Takes you to the search page. Takes you to the Links page. search banner butterfly fish

Inventory of File gfs.t06z.smartguam15.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

hour fcst Visibility [m] 014 planetary boundary layer WDIR 15 hour fcst Wind Direction (from which blowing) [degtrue] 015 planetary boundary layer WIND 15 hour fcst Wind Speed [m/s] 016 planetary boundary layer RH 15 hour fcst Relative Humidity [%] 017 planetary boundary layer DIST 15 hour fcst Geometric

Inventory of File nam.t00z.smartpr00.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

layer WDIR analysis Wind Direction (from which blowing) [degtrue] 016 planetary boundary layer WIND analysis Wind Speed [m/s] 017 planetary boundary layer RH analysis Relative Humidity [%] 018 planetary boundary layer DIST analysis Geometric Height [m] 019 surface 4LFTX analysis Best (4 layer) Lifted Index [K

Inventory of File nam.t00z.smartak00.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

layer WDIR analysis Wind Direction (from which blowing) [degtrue] 016 planetary boundary layer WIND analysis Wind Speed [m/s] 017 planetary boundary layer RH analysis Relative Humidity [%] 018 planetary boundary layer DIST analysis Geometric Height [m] 019 surface 4LFTX analysis Best (4 layer) Lifted Index [K

Inventory of File nam.t00z.smarthi00.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

layer WDIR analysis Wind Direction (from which blowing) [degtrue] 016 planetary boundary layer WIND analysis Wind Speed [m/s] 017 planetary boundary layer RH analysis Relative Humidity [%] 018 planetary boundary layer DIST analysis Geometric Height [m] 019 surface 4LFTX analysis Best (4 layer) Lifted Index [K

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs

Science.gov Websites

Links Mission Congressional Links Secretary of Defense James Mattis
James Mattis" title=" Secretary of Defense James Mattis" /> The

Energy Education | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Energy Education Energy Education Learn how NREL's Workforce Development and Education Programs lectures at NREL's Education Center. Energy Education for Students 4th-12th Grades Energy Education

Publications - AR 2010 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical DGGS AR 2010 Publication Details Title: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Annual Report Authors: DGGS Staff Publication Date: Jan 2011 Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological &

Center for Adaptive Optics | News

Science.gov Websites

* Methane Clouds Observed Near Titan's Equator May Explain Presence of Riverbeds on the Surface * 'Dark Center for Adaptive Optics A University of California Science and Technology Center home AO of Cosmic Time * Celebration of Science and Technology Centers Class of 2000 AO Headlines 2009

Alaska State Legislature

Science.gov Websites

The Alaska State Legislature search menu Home Senate Current Members Past Members By Session search Home Get Started About the Legislative Branch Legislative Branch The Legislative Branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the State of Alaska and appropriating the money necessary to operate the

NOAA Office of Exploration and Research > Home

Science.gov Websites

2014 Funding Opportunities Contact Us Program Review Review Panel Final Report Review Team Documents Review Review Panel Final Report Review Team Documents Presentations Supporting Documents Guiding the NOAA Science Advisory Board, a thirteen-member Review Panel conducted the first-ever formal

Building Awards | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Mountain campus is designed to meet the Gold or Platinum standards of the U.S. Green Building Council's Research Facility. South Site Entrance Building South Site Entrance Building 2013 U.S. Green Buildings Building Awards Building Awards NREL's high-performance buildings are sustainability models for the

Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Facilities Support Innovation and Collaboration Take a Tour of a Wind Turbine Featured Publications 2017 Recommended Practices Lidar-Enhanced Wind Turbine Control: Past, Present, and Future Development of a 5 MW wind turbine science and lowering the cost of wind-generated electricity alongside our partners. We

NREL: Renewable Resource Data Center - Geothermal Resource Related Links

Science.gov Websites

from the following sources: U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office. National Geothermal Resource Related Links Comprehensive geothermal resource information is also available Geothermal Data System A portal to geothermal data. Southern Methodist University Geothermal Laboratory The

Energized Learning

Science.gov Websites

Energized Learning Students Lessons Bullet Getting Started Bullet Bringing It Home Bullet Unit activities with keys to subject matter standards. As students work through one or more of the standards-based Why Use the Energized Learning Site? How will teachers and Students Use the Energized Learning Site

K-12 Education

Science.gov Websites

reached out to elementary and high school students to expose them to earthquakes in a hands-on products laboratories publications nisee b.i.p. members education FAQs links education Education Program Internships K-12 Education Contact the PEER Education Program PEER's Educational Affiliates Student Design

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

three consecutive minutes, except under the following conditions: 1) to operate power takeoff equipment including, but not limited to, cement mixers, refrigeration systems, and delivery vehicles; 2) to operate private passenger vehicles; or 3) to operate heating equipment for five minutes when the ambient

Navy Directory

Science.gov Websites

Training Command EDIT Region Legal Service Office Japan Facebook EDIT Region Legal Service Office Mid Navy.mil Home Page Navy.mil Home Page Subscribe to Navy News Service Search Navy.mil Navy.mil Training and Readiness Center Facebook EDIT Afloat Training Group Mayport Facebook EDIT Afloat Training

Safe Use Practices for Pesticides

Science.gov Websites

; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure Home Page Pesticide Health and Safety Information Safe Use Practices for Pesticides Related Topics

Minimizing Exposure at Work

Science.gov Websites

; Environment Human Health Animal Health Safe Use Practices Food Safety Environment Air Water Soil Wildlife Ingredients Low-Risk Pesticides Organic Pesticide Ingredients Pesticide Incidents Human Exposure Pet Exposure (chronic) exposure to certain pesticides may increase your risk of chronic health effects. Therefore, it is

Energy Analysis Research | Energy Analysis | NREL

Science.gov Websites

innovation through integration. Illustration of NREL energy analysis research, including impact systems analysis integrates all aspects of our capability set to develop future energy system scenarios evaluate and understand the impact of markets, policies, and financing on technology uptake and the impact

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

;] { float: left; margin-right: 3px; margin-left: 0; } .control-group { margin-bottom: 10px; } legend + .control-group { margin-top: 20px; -webkit-margin-top-collapse: separate; } .form-horizontal .control-group : 1px solid #999; page-break-inside: avoid; } thead { display: table-header-group; } tr, img { page

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Website Search Box Search Field: SMS Website Search Search Submit: Submit Advanced Search IRLSI Home Search the Inventory The IRL Stewardship IRL Photo Gallery Links and Events About Us SMS Home Roseate Spoonbill Search by Word or Phrase Go to Species

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Website Search Box Search Field: SMS Website Search Search Submit: Submit Advanced Search IRLSI Home Search the Inventory The IRL Stewardship IRL Photo [ TOP ] © Copyright Smithsonian Institution Privacy SMS Home Contact Us Search NMNH Home DCSIMG

Climate Prediction Center - Monitoring and Data - Regional Climate Maps:

Science.gov Websites

; Precipitation & Temperature > Regional Climate Maps: USA Menu Weekly 1-Month 3-Month 12-Month Weekly Total Precipitation Average Temperature Extreme Maximum Temperature Extreme Minimum Temperature Departure of Average Temperature from Normal Extreme Apparent Temperature Minimum Wind Chill Temperature

CFS Forecast Verification

Science.gov Websites

history of Nino3.4 SST anomalies of individual forecasts Forecast anomalies Target season Nino SST Global SST Global Prec Global T2m US Prec US T2m US SM z200 NDJ 2004/2005 Nino SST Global SST Global Prec Global T2m US Prec US T2m US SM z200 DJF 2005 Nino SST Global SST Global Prec Global T2m US Prec US T2m

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb197.prob_ds_3hrly.grib

Science.gov Websites

ground WIND 3 hour fcst Wind Speed [prob] prob >12.89 005 10 m above ground WIND 3 hour fcst Wind Speed [prob] prob >17.5 006 10 m above ground WIND 3 hour fcst Wind Speed [prob] prob >25.78 007 2 ;0.015 010 10 m above ground WIND 6 hour fcst Wind Speed [prob] prob >12.89 011 10 m above ground WIND

U.S. High Seas Marine Text Forecasts by Area

Science.gov Websites

Flooding Tsunamis 406 EPIRB's U.S. High Seas Marine Text Forecasts by Area OPC N.Atlantic High Seas Forecast NHC N.Atlantic High Seas Forecast OPC N.Pacific High Seas Forecast HFO N.Pacific High Seas Forecast NHC N.Pacific High Seas Forecast HFO S.Pacific High Seas Forecast U.S. High Seas Marine Text

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

li{list-style:none}ul#sort-by-form li{float:left;list-style:none;margin:0 3px}ul#chart-list li ul.data_set-list-item{display:block;height:88px}ul#chart-list li ul.data_set-list-item li{float:left ;display:block}ul#chart-list li.category-header{display:block}#chart-list{margin-top:10px}.header-text h3{font

NOAA Photo Library - NOAA In Space Collection/Satellite

Science.gov Websites

Systems/Geostationary Satellites NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes you to the Contacts page. Takes you to the HELP page. Takes you to the Credits page. Takes you to the Collections page. Takes you to the search page. Takes you to the

NOAA Photo Library - National Severe Storms Laboratory Collection -

Science.gov Websites

Tornadoes NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes you to the Contacts page. Takes you to the HELP page. Takes you to the Credits page. Takes you to the Collections page. Takes you to the search page. Takes you to the Links page. Tornadoes

NOAA Photo Library - National Estuarine Research Reserve System

Science.gov Websites

NOAA Photo Library Banner Takes you to the Top Page Takes you to the About this Site page. Takes you to the Contacts page. Takes you to the HELP page. Takes you to the Credits page. Takes you to the Collections page. Takes you to the search page. Takes you to the Links page. National Estuarine Research

Inventory of File gfs.t06z.smartguam24.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

boundary layer WDIR 24 hour fcst Wind Direction (from which blowing) [degtrue] 016 planetary boundary layer WIND 24 hour fcst Wind Speed [m/s] 017 planetary boundary layer RH 24 hour fcst Relative Humidity [%] 018 planetary boundary layer DIST 24 hour fcst Geometric Height [m] 019 surface 4LFTX 24 hour fcst

Publications - NL 2002-1 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical 2002 Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Ordering Info: Download below Reference DGGS Staff, and Werdon, M.B., 2002, Alaska GeoSurvey News - Geologic Investigations in the Salcha

2017 Cybersecurity Workshop: Readouts from Working Groups - Video Text

Science.gov Websites

applicability of artificial intelligence to search for cybersecurity gaps in our existing SKATA networks. Second primarily renewable that all back each other up; that are all highly intelligent, artificial intelligence we have in cyber security, digital technologies, artificial intelligence. We think that that would

Preservation50 - Making Archaeology Public

Science.gov Websites

. Our library of videos will grow throughout 2016, so please check back for new additions. You may share Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Delaware Maryland New Hampshire New Jersey Massachusetts Connecticut West

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Science.gov Websites

Modeling Mesoscale Modeling Marine Modeling and Analysis Teams Climate Data Assimilation Ensembles and Post Ice group works on sea ice analysis from satellite, sea ice modeling, and ice-atmosphere-ocean / VISION | About EMC Analysis Drift Model KISS Model Numerical Forecast Systems The Polar and Great Lakes

Sandia National Laboratories: Working with Sandia: Contract Audit

Science.gov Websites

Government Auditing Standards. Electronic Cost Claims Electronic Cost Claim (ECC) An Electronic Cost Claim is ) ECC-Cost Reimbursable Template and Instructions (MS Excel) ECC-University Template (MS Excel) ECC -Indirect Rates (Indirect Rate Cost Claim) (MS Excel) Electronic Cost Proposals Electronic Cost Proposal

Midscale Commercial Solar Market | Solar Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

analysis to expand the midscale solar market. The midscale market for solar photovoltaics (PV), loosely than other PV market segments in recent years. Featured Analysis Midmarket Solar Policies in the United Midscale Commercial Solar Market Midscale Commercial Solar Market NREL experts are providing

Lawriter - OAC

Science.gov Websites

authorized by section 3709.05 of the Revised Code. (C) "Circulation system" means an arrangement of transferred and does not mean the person who formerly operated or maintained the public swimming pool. (J ://catalog.asme.org/. ASME documents are also generally available at the state library of Ohio. (c) American national

Educational

Science.gov Websites

. Northern Command: For Students The 1700s "To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions." - Article 1, Section 8, Clause 15 , Constitution of the United States Because the common defense of the New World was so crucial, our forefathers

Publications - SR 37 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska Section; Resource Assessment; Tyonek Formation; Type Section Top of Page Department of Natural Resources State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Home

Presentations - Twelker, Evan and others, 2014 | Alaska Division of

Science.gov Websites

Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of Details Title: Preliminary results from 2014 geologic mapping in the Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska Lande, Lauren, 2014, Preliminary results from 2014 geologic mapping in the Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska

Distributed Wind Research | Wind | NREL

Science.gov Websites

evaluation, and improve wind turbine and wind power plant performance. A photo of a snowy road leading to a single wind turbine surrounded by snow-covered pine trees against blue sky. Capabilities NREL's power plant and small wind turbine development. Algorithms and programs exist for simulating, designing

NREL: Renewable Resource Data Center - Webmaster

Science.gov Websites

Version RReDC Home Biomass Resource Information Geothermal Resource Information Solar Resource Information laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. NREL U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency

NREL: News - New Energy Systems Enhance National Security

Science.gov Websites

resources, bioenergy and bio-based products, zero energy buildings, wind energy, geothermal energy, solar Energy Systems Enhance National Security Washington D.C., March 14, 2002 Experts from the U.S . Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have identified key renewable energy

SSRL HEADLINES April 2018

Science.gov Websites

and x-ray spectroscopy pioneer, Farrel W. Lytle, and include precious metals such as gold, silver structure of matter called x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The foils were donated by entrepreneur, scientist activities on x-ray fluorescence imaging in ancient materials like fossils and the Archimedes Palimpsest

Fermilab History and Archives Project | Norman F. Ramsey

Science.gov Websites

Fermilab History and Archives Project Fermilab History and Archives Project Fermilab History and Archives Project Home About the Archives History and Archives Online Request Contact Us History & ; Archives Project Fermilab History and Archives Project Norman F. Ramsey Back to History and Archives

CAP: Mobile App

Science.gov Websites

Interpreting Services Training Non-DoD Employees Partner Agencies A - L Partner Agencies M - Z Training Service Service Members Site Map + CAP Customers DoD Employees DoD Agencies Support Services Training Non-DoD Employees Partner Agencies A - L Partner Agencies M - Z Training Service Members Military Treatment

Finding New Ways to Foster Clean Energy Partnerships - Continuum Magazine

Science.gov Websites

market impact of the research conducted at DOE's national laboratories by doubling the intensity of . Many of these achievements stem from internal process improvements that have enhanced NREL's ability to " that factors in elements of each innovation's patentability, commercial impact, and licensing

Renewable Energy Technical Potential | Geospatial Data Science | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Technical Potential Renewable Energy Technical Potential The renewable energy technical potential level from Resource to Technical to Economic to Market. The benefit of assessing technical potential is potential-resource, technical, economic, and market-as shown in the graphic with key assumptions. Technical

Thermochemical Process Integration, Scale-Up, and Piloting | Bioenergy |

Science.gov Websites

; represented by spheres of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, then to "Gas Cleanup, Solids Removal, Reforming ; represented by a gasoline dispenser nozzle. A green arrow of "Fast Pyrolysis" and blue arrows for Distillation," and finally to "Fuels," represented by a gasoline dispenser nozzle Variety of

ACHP | Unified Federal Review

Science.gov Websites

UFR Process was established on July 29, 2014, by the execution of the Memorandum of Understanding Process is being led by a Steering Group consisting of the Council on Environmental Quality, the Review was established on July 29, 2014, through an interagency Memorandum of Understanding by eleven

Publications - GMC 410 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

) Keywords Geochemistry; Rare Earth Elements Top of Page Department of Natural Resources, Division of Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Publications - GMC 409 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

) Keywords Geochemistry; Rare Earth Elements Top of Page Department of Natural Resources, Division of Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska State Employees DGGS State of Alaska search Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Energy Systems Integration News | Energy Systems Integration Facility |

Science.gov Websites

hierarchical control architecture that enables a hybrid control approach, where centralized control systems will be complemented by distributed control algorithms for solar inverters and autonomous control of ), involves developing a novel control scheme that provides system-wide monitoring and control using a small

Legislative Affairs Media Contact - Public Affairs - NOAA's National

Science.gov Websites

Media Contacts -NWS Media Contacts -NOAA Media Contacts -Legislative Affairs Media Tools -Archived News Media Contact Matthew R. Borgia Congressional Affairs Specialist - All National Weather Service issues (202)482-1939 Back Top Home | Mission | Strategic Plan | NWS Media Contacts | NOAA Media Contacts US

Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics | FCPA

Science.gov Websites

Us About Us Contact Science Dark Matter Dark Energy Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) New detection and detailed study of the properties of cosmic dark matter particles in the laboratory » Hunting for Light Dark Matter in a Bubble Chamber September 18, 2013 | Hugh Lippincott The

FNAL Student Resources

Science.gov Websites

understandings lead to new fundamental questions and a new world of discovery. What is dark matter? What happened NOvA Detector Dark Energy Camera Whispers of Dark Matter Elusive Neutrino Particle physics research World Particle Diversity Dark Matter Neutrino Secrets The Birth of the Universe The Universe's History

Alternative Fuels Data Center