Sample records for galaxy tol 1214-277

  1. POX 4 and Tol 35: Two Peculiar Wolf-Rayet Dwarf Galaxies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Méndez, David I.; Esteban, César

    1999-12-01

    We present results of narrowband (Hα and adjacent continuum) and broadband (U, B, and V) optical CCD imaging together with high-resolution Hα spectroscopy of the blue compact Wolf-Rayet dwarf galaxies POX 4 and Tol 35. POX 4 has a fainter, irregular, and diffuse companion located 20.5" (4.7 kpc) along the minor axis of the galaxy, which is visible also in the Hα emission. The difference in recession velocity between the galaxy and the companion is about 130 km s-1. The observational results lead us to propose that POX 4 could be interpreted as a low-mass ring galaxy, produced by a head-on intrusion of the fainter companion. Regarding the other object, a spectrum taken along the major axis of Tol 35 shows the coexistence of systems of motion with a velocity difference of about 50 km s-1. Moreover, the deep continuum-subtracted Hα image of the galaxy shows very faint features that resemble the beginning of crossed tidal tails or gaseous filaments powered by the mechanical action of the young stellar population. In this sense, Tol 35 could be interpreted either as an object in an intermediate-stage merging process between two gas-rich dwarf galaxies or as an object suffering the effect of a galactic wind.

  2. Optical/Near-IR spatially resolved study of the H II galaxy Tol 02★

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Torres-Campos, A.; Terlevich, E.; Rosa-González, D.; Terlevich, R.; Telles, E.; Díaz, A. I.

    2017-11-01

    The main goal of this study is to characterize the stellar populations in very low-metallicity galaxies. We have obtained broad U, B, R, I, J, H, K, intermediate Strömgren y and narrow H α and [O III] deep images of the Wolf-Rayet, blue compact dwarf, H II galaxy Tol 02. We have analysed the low surface brightness component, the stellar cluster complexes and the H II regions. The stellar populations in the galaxy have been characterized by comparing the observed broad-band colours with those of single stellar population models. The main results are consistent with Tol 02 being formed by a 1.5 Gyr old disc component at the centre of which a group of eight massive (>104 M⊙) stellar cluster clumps is located. Six of these clumps are 10 Myr old and their near-infrared colours suggest that their light is dominated by Red Supergiant (RSG) stars, the other two are young Wolf-Rayet cluster candidates of ages 3 and 5 Myr, respectively. 12 H II regions in the star-forming region of the galaxy are also identified. These are immersed in a diffuse H α and [O III] emission that spreads towards the north and south covering the old stellar disc. Our spatial-temporal analysis shows that star formation is more likely stochastic and simultaneous within short time-scales. The mismatch between observations and models cannot be attributed alone to a mistreat of the RSG phase and still needs to be further investigated.

  3. Resolving the X-ray emission from the Lyman-continuum emitting galaxy Tol 1247-232

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kaaret, P.; Brorby, M.; Casella, L.; Prestwich, A. H.

    2017-11-01

    Chandra observations of the nearby, Lyman-continuum (LyC) emitting galaxy Tol 1247-232 resolve the X-ray emission and show that it is dominated by a point-like source with a hard spectrum (Γ = 1.6 ± 0.5) and a high luminosity [(9 ± 2) × 1040 erg s- 1]. Comparison with an earlier XMM-Newton observation shows flux variation of a factor of 2. Hence, the X-ray emission likely arises from an accreting X-ray source: a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus or one or a few X-ray binaries. The Chandra X-ray source is similar to the point-like, hard spectrum (Γ = 1.2 ± 0.2), high-luminosity (1041 erg s- 1) source seen in Haro 11, which is the only other confirmed LyC-emitting galaxy that has been resolved in X-rays. We discuss the possibility that accreting X-ray sources contribute to LyC escape.

  4. Modelling the gas kinematics of an atypical Ly α emitting compact dwarf galaxy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Forero-Romero, Jaime E.; Gronke, Max; Remolina-Gutiérrez, Maria Camila; Garavito-Camargo, Nicolás; Dijkstra, Mark

    2018-02-01

    Star-forming compact dwarf galaxies (CDGs) resemble the expected pristine conditions of the first galaxies in the Universe and are the best systems to test models on primordial galaxy formation and evolution. Here, we report on one of such CDGs, Tololo 1214-277, which presents a broad, single peaked, highly symmetric Ly α emission line that had evaded theoretical interpretation so far. In this paper, we reproduce for the first time these line features with two different physically motivated kinematic models: an interstellar medium composed by outflowing clumps with random motions and an homogeneous gaseous sphere undergoing solid body rotation. The multiphase model requires a clump velocity dispersion of 54.3 ± 0.6 km s-1 with outflows of 54.3 ± 5.1 km s-1 , while the bulk rotation velocity is constrained to be 348^{+75}_{-48} km s-1. We argue that the results from the multiphase model provide a correct interpretation of the data. In that case, the clump velocity dispersion implies a dynamical mass of 2 × 109 M⊙, 10 times its baryonic mass. If future kinematic maps of Tololo 1214-277 confirm the velocities suggested by the multiphase model, it would provide additional support to expect such kinematic state in primordial galaxies, opening the opportunity to use the models and methods presented in this paper to constrain the physics of star formation and feedback in the early generation of Ly α -emitting galaxies.

  5. The TolTEC Camera for the LMT Telescope

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bryan, Sean

    2018-01-01

    TolTEC is a new camera being built for the 50-meter Large Millimeter-wave Telescope (LMT) on Sierra Negra in Puebla, Mexico. The instrument will discover and characterize distant galaxies by detecting the thermal emission of dust heated by starlight. The polarimetric capabilities of the camera will measure magnetic fields in star-forming regions in the Milky Way. The optical design of the camera uses mirrors, lenses, and dichroics to simultaneously couple a 4 arcminute diameter field of view onto three single-band focal planes at 150, 220, and 280 GHz. The 7000 polarization-selective detectors are single-band horn-coupled LEKID detectors fabricated at NIST. A rotating half wave plate operates at ambient temperature to modulate the polarized signal. In addition to the galactic and extragalactic surveys already planned, TolTEC installed at the LMT will provide open observing time to the community.

  6. Functional implications of an intermeshing cogwheel-like interaction between TolC and MacA in the action of macrolide-specific efflux pump MacAB-TolC.

    PubMed

    Xu, Yongbin; Song, Saemee; Moeller, Arne; Kim, Nahee; Piao, Shunfu; Sim, Se-Hoon; Kang, Mooseok; Yu, Wookyung; Cho, Hyun-Soo; Chang, Iksoo; Lee, Kangseok; Ha, Nam-Chul

    2011-04-15

    Macrolide-specific efflux pump MacAB-TolC has been identified in diverse gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. The inner membrane transporter MacB requires the outer membrane factor TolC and the periplasmic adaptor protein MacA to form a functional tripartite complex. In this study, we used a chimeric protein containing the tip region of the TolC α-barrel to investigate the role of the TolC α-barrel tip region with regard to its interaction with MacA. The chimeric protein formed a stable complex with MacA, and the complex formation was abolished by substitution at the functionally essential residues located at the MacA α-helical tip region. Electron microscopic study delineated that this complex was made by tip-to-tip interaction between the tip regions of the α-barrels of TolC and MacA, which correlated well with the TolC and MacA complex calculated by molecular dynamics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the MacA hexamer interacts with TolC in a tip-to-tip manner, and implies the manner by which MacA induces opening of the TolC channel.

  7. Functional Implications of an Intermeshing Cogwheel-like Interaction between TolC and MacA in the Action of Macrolide-specific Efflux Pump MacAB-TolC*

    PubMed Central

    Xu, Yongbin; Song, Saemee; Moeller, Arne; Kim, Nahee; Piao, Shunfu; Sim, Se-Hoon; Kang, Mooseok; Yu, Wookyung; Cho, Hyun-Soo; Chang, Iksoo; Lee, Kangseok; Ha, Nam-Chul

    2011-01-01

    Macrolide-specific efflux pump MacAB-TolC has been identified in diverse Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. The inner membrane transporter MacB requires the outer membrane factor TolC and the periplasmic adaptor protein MacA to form a functional tripartite complex. In this study, we used a chimeric protein containing the tip region of the TolC α-barrel to investigate the role of the TolC α-barrel tip region with regard to its interaction with MacA. The chimeric protein formed a stable complex with MacA, and the complex formation was abolished by substitution at the functionally essential residues located at the MacA α-helical tip region. Electron microscopic study delineated that this complex was made by tip-to-tip interaction between the tip regions of the α-barrels of TolC and MacA, which correlated well with the TolC and MacA complex calculated by molecular dynamics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the MacA hexamer interacts with TolC in a tip-to-tip manner, and implies the manner by which MacA induces opening of the TolC channel. PMID:21325274

  8. Genome-wide analysis of Tol2 transposon reintegration in zebrafish.

    PubMed

    Kondrychyn, Igor; Garcia-Lecea, Marta; Emelyanov, Alexander; Parinov, Sergey; Korzh, Vladimir

    2009-09-08

    Tol2, a member of the hAT family of transposons, has become a useful tool for genetic manipulation of model animals, but information about its interactions with vertebrate genomes is still limited. Furthermore, published reports on Tol2 have mainly been based on random integration of the transposon system after co-injection of a plasmid DNA harboring the transposon and a transposase mRNA. It is important to understand how Tol2 would behave upon activation after integration into the genome. We performed a large-scale enhancer trap (ET) screen and generated 338 insertions of the Tol2 transposon-based ET cassette into the zebrafish genome. These insertions were generated by remobilizing the transposon from two different donor sites in two transgenic lines. We found that 39% of Tol2 insertions occurred in transcription units, mostly into introns. Analysis of the transposon target sites revealed no strict specificity at the DNA sequence level. However, Tol2 was prone to target AT-rich regions with weak palindromic consensus sequences centered at the insertion site. Our systematic analysis of sequential remobilizations of the Tol2 transposon from two independent sites within a vertebrate genome has revealed properties such as a tendency to integrate into transcription units and into AT-rich palindrome-like sequences. This information will influence the development of various applications involving DNA transposons and Tol2 in particular.

  9. Increased Outer Membrane Vesicle Formation in a Helicobacter pylori tolB Mutant.

    PubMed

    Turner, Lorinda; Praszkier, Judyta; Hutton, Melanie L; Steer, David; Ramm, Georg; Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria; Ferrero, Richard L

    2015-08-01

    Multiple studies have established the importance of the tol-pal gene cluster in bacterial cell membrane integrity and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation in Escherichia coli. In contrast, the functions of Tol-Pal proteins in pathogenic organisms, including those of the Epsilonproteobacteria, remain poorly if at all defined. The aim of this study was to characterize the roles of two key components of the Tol-Pal system, TolB and Pal, in OMV formation in the pathogenic bacterium, Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori ΔtolB, Δpal and ΔtolBpal mutants, as well as complemented strains, were generated and assessed for changes in morphology and OMV production by scanning electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), respectively. The protein content and pro-inflammatory properties of OMVs were determined by mass spectroscopy and interleukin-8 (IL-8) ELISA on culture supernatants from OMV-stimulated cells, respectively. H. pylori ΔtolB and Δpal bacteria exhibited aberrant cell morphology and/or flagella biosynthesis. Importantly, the disruption of H. pylori tolB but not pal resulted in a significant increase in OMV production. The OMVs from H. pylori ΔtolB and Δpal bacteria harbored many of the major outer membrane and virulence proteins observed in wild-type (WT) OMVs. Interestingly, ΔtolB, Δpal and ΔtolBpal OMVs induced significantly higher levels of IL-8 production by host cells, compared with WT OMVs. This work demonstrates that TolB and Pal are important for membrane integrity in H. pylori. Moreover, it shows how H. pylori tolB-pal genes may be manipulated to develop "hypervesiculating" strains for vaccine purposes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  10. Kinetic control of TolC recruitment by multidrug efflux complexes.

    PubMed

    Tikhonova, Elena B; Dastidar, Vishakha; Rybenkov, Valentin V; Zgurskaya, Helen I

    2009-09-22

    In Gram-negative pathogens, multidrug efflux pumps that provide clinically significant levels of antibiotic resistance function as three-component complexes. They are composed of the inner membrane transporters belonging to one of three superfamilies of proteins, RND, ABC, or MF; periplasmic proteins belonging to the membrane fusion protein (MFP) family; and outer membrane channels exemplified by the Escherichia coli TolC. The three-component complexes span the entire two-membrane envelope of Gram-negative bacteria and expel toxic molecules from the cytoplasmic membrane to the medium. The architecture of these complexes is expected to vary significantly because of the structural diversity of the inner membrane transporters. How the three-component pumps are assembled, their architecture, and their dynamics remain unclear. In this study, we reconstituted interactions and compared binding kinetics of the E. coli TolC with AcrA, MacA, and EmrA, the periplasmic MFPs that function in multidrug efflux with transporters from the RND, ABC, and MF superfamilies, respectively. By using surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrate that TolC interactions with MFPs are highly dynamic and sensitive to pH. The affinity of TolC to MFPs decreases in the order MacA > EmrA > AcrA. We further show that MFPs are prone to oligomerization, but differ dramatically from each other in oligomerization kinetics and stability of oligomers. The propensity of MFPs to oligomerize correlates with the stability of MFP-TolC complexes and structural features of inner membrane transporters. We propose that recruitment of TolC by various MFPs is determined not only by kinetics of MFP-TolC interactions but also by oligomerization kinetics of MFPs and pH.

  11. Pseudoatomic Structure of the Tripartite Multidrug Efflux Pump AcrAB-TolC Reveals the Intermeshing Cogwheel-like Interaction between AcrA and TolC.

    PubMed

    Jeong, Hyeongseop; Kim, Jin-Sik; Song, Saemee; Shigematsu, Hideki; Yokoyama, Takeshi; Hyun, Jaekyung; Ha, Nam-Chul

    2016-02-02

    The resistance-nodulation-division type tripartite pump AcrAB-TolC and its homologs are responsible for multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria by expelling a wide variety of toxic substrates. The three essential components, AcrA, AcrB, and TolC, must function in concert with each respective binding partner within the complex. In this study, we report an 8.2-Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) 3D reconstruction of the complex that consists of an AcrAB fusion protein and a chimeric TolC protein. The pseudoatomic structure derived from the cryo-EM reconstruction clearly demonstrates a model only compatible with the adaptor bridging mechanism, wherein the funnel-like AcrA hexamer forms an intermeshing cogwheel-like interaction with the α-barrel tip region of TolC. These observations provide a structural milestone for understanding multidrug resistance in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, and may also lead to the design of new antibacterial drugs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. 14 CFR 1214.803 - Reimbursement policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reimbursement policy. 1214.803 Section 1214... Spacelab Services § 1214.803 Reimbursement policy. (a) Reimbursement basis. (1) This policy is established...) Standard flight price. During this phase, customers covered by subpart 1214.1 or subpart 1214.2 shall...

  13. HasF, a TolC-homolog of Serratia marcescens, is involved in energy-dependent efflux.

    PubMed

    Kumar, Ayush; Worobec, Elizabeth A

    2005-06-01

    A tolC-like gene (hasF) was identified upon scanning the incomplete database of the S. marcescens genome. This gene was amplified using PCR and cloned in the pUC18 vector to yield pUCHF. Sequencing of the S. marcescens tolC-like hasF gene and subsequent amino acid sequence prediction revealed approximately 80% amino acid homology with the Escherichia coli TolC. A tolC-deficient strain of E. coli (BL923) containing pUCHF/hasF was analyzed for susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin), chloramphenicol, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and ethidium bromide. Antibiotic susceptibility assays of the E. coli tolC-deficient mutant BL923 demonstrated a 64-fold increase in resistance to SDS and ethidium bromide upon introduction of the S. marcescens tolC-like hasF gene. No change was observed for susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol. Ethidium bromide accumulation assays performed using E. coli BL923:pUCHF established the role of the S. marcescens hasF gene product in proton gradient-dependent efflux.

  14. 22 CFR 121.4 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 121.4 Section 121.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.4 [Reserved] ...

  15. 22 CFR 121.4 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 121.4 Section 121.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.4 [Reserved] ...

  16. 22 CFR 121.4 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 121.4 Section 121.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.4 [Reserved] ...

  17. 22 CFR 121.4 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 121.4 Section 121.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST Enumeration of Articles § 121.4 [Reserved] ...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.19 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Research. 1214.19 Section 1214.19 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.19...

  19. 7 CFR 1214.19 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

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    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Research. 1214.19 Section 1214.19 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.19...

  20. 7 CFR 1214.19 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Research. 1214.19 Section 1214.19 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.19...

  1. 7 CFR 1214.10 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Information. 1214.10 Section 1214.10 Agriculture..., AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.10 Information. Information means information, program, and activities that are designed to increase efficiency...

  2. 7 CFR 1214.10 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Information. 1214.10 Section 1214.10 Agriculture..., AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.10 Information. Information means information, program, and activities that are designed to increase efficiency...

  3. 7 CFR 1214.10 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Information. 1214.10 Section 1214.10 Agriculture..., AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.10 Information. Information means information, program, and activities that are designed to increase efficiency...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.1107 - Notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Notification. 1214.1107 Section 1214.1107 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1107 Notification. Selectees and the appropriate military services...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.1107 - Notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notification. 1214.1107 Section 1214.1107 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1107 Notification. Selectees and the appropriate military services...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.800 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Services § 1214.800 Scope. This subpart 1214.8 establishes the special reimbursement policy for Spacelab services provided to Space Transportation System (STS) customers governed by the provisions of subpart 1214.... Government fiscal years 1986, 1987, and 1988). The following five types of Spacelab flights are available to...

  7. 14 CFR 1214.800 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Services § 1214.800 Scope. This subpart 1214.8 establishes the special reimbursement policy for Spacelab services provided to Space Transportation System (STS) customers governed by the provisions of subpart 1214.... Government fiscal years 1986, 1987, and 1988). The following five types of Spacelab flights are available to...

  8. 14 CFR 1214.302 - Background.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Background. 1214.302 Section 1214.302 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.302 Background. (a) The Space Transportation System (STS) has been...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.302 - Background.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Background. 1214.302 Section 1214.302 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.302 Background. (a) The Space Transportation System (STS) has been...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.302 - Background.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Background. 1214.302 Section 1214.302 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.302 Background. (a) The Space Transportation System (STS) has been...

  11. 14 CFR 1214.302 - Background.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Background. 1214.302 Section 1214.302 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.302 Background. (a) The Space Transportation System (STS) has been...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.701 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Definitions. 1214.701 Section 1214.701 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space Shuttle Commander § 1214.701 Definitions. (a) Space Shuttle Elements consists of the Orbiter, an External...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.701 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1214.701 Section 1214.701 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space Shuttle Commander § 1214.701 Definitions. (a) Space Shuttle Elements consists of the Orbiter, an External...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.200 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Shuttle services which are provided by NASA to users (as defined in § 1214.201) under launch services... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Scope. 1214.200 Section 1214.200 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.200 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Shuttle services which are provided by NASA to users (as defined in § 1214.201) under launch services... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Scope. 1214.200 Section 1214.200 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.200 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Shuttle services which are provided by NASA to users (as defined in § 1214.201) under launch services... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope. 1214.200 Section 1214.200 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.200 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Shuttle services which are provided by NASA to users (as defined in § 1214.201) under launch services... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Scope. 1214.200 Section 1214.200 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.70 - Reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reports. 1214.70 Section 1214.70 Agriculture..., AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1214.70 Reports. (a) Each producer and importer subject to this subpart shall be required to...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.400 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Scope. 1214.400 Section 1214.400 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.400 Scope. (a) This subpart sets forth policy and procedures with respect to International Space...

  20. 40 CFR 421.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 421.277 Section 421.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory § 421.277...

  1. 40 CFR 421.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true [Reserved] 421.277 Section 421.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory § 421.277...

  2. 40 CFR 421.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true [Reserved] 421.277 Section 421.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory § 421.277...

  3. 40 CFR 421.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true [Reserved] 421.277 Section 421.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory § 421.277...

  4. 40 CFR 421.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true [Reserved] 421.277 Section 421.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Primary Rare Earth Metals Subcategory § 421.277...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.201 - Definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definition. 1214.201 Section 1214.201... the STS Program § 1214.201 Definition. For the purpose of this subpart, the term users means: (a) For... observer nations participating in Spacelab development, and Canada, when conducting experimental science or...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.404 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Violations. 1214.404 Section 1214.404 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.404 Violations. This subpart is a regulation within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. 799, and...

  7. 14 CFR 1214.404 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Violations. 1214.404 Section 1214.404 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.404 Violations. This subpart is a regulation within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. 799, and...

  8. 14 CFR 1214.404 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Violations. 1214.404 Section 1214.404 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.404 Violations. This subpart is a regulation within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. 799, and...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.404 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Violations. 1214.404 Section 1214.404 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.404 Violations. This subpart is a regulation within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. 799, and...

  10. TolC is required for pathogenicity of Xylella fastidiosa in Vitis vinifera grapevines.

    PubMed

    Reddy, Joseph D; Reddy, Stephanie L; Hopkins, Don L; Gabriel, Dean W

    2007-04-01

    Xylella fastidiosa infects a wide range of hosts and causes serious diseases on some of them. The complete genomic sequences of both a citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and a Pierce's disease (PD) strain revealed two type I protein secretion plus two multidrug resistance efflux systems, and all evidently were dependent on a single tolC homolog. Marker exchange mutagenesis of the single tolC gene in PD strain Temecula resulted in a total loss of pathogenicity on grape. Importantly, the tolC- mutant strains were not recovered after inoculation into grape xylem, strongly indicating that multidrug efflux is critical to survival of this fastidious pathogen. Both survival and pathogenicity were restored by complementation using tolC cloned in shuttle vector pBBR1MCS-5, which was shown to replicate autonomously, without selection, for 60 days in Temecula growing in planta. These results also demonstrate the ability to complement mutations in X. fastidiosa.

  11. 14 CFR 1214.100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.100 Scope. This subpart 1214.1 sets forth general provisions regarding flight of Space Shuttle cargo bay payloads for non... under the provision of subpart 1214.9 or payloads flown on a space-available basis on NASA-provided...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.100 Scope. This subpart 1214.1 sets forth general provisions regarding flight of Space Shuttle cargo bay payloads for non... under the provision of subpart 1214.9 or payloads flown on a space-available basis on NASA-provided...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.100 Scope. This subpart 1214.1 sets forth general provisions regarding flight of Space Shuttle cargo bay payloads for non... under the provision of subpart 1214.9 or payloads flown on a space-available basis on NASA-provided...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.100 Scope. This subpart 1214.1 sets forth general provisions regarding flight of Space Shuttle cargo bay payloads for non... under the provision of subpart 1214.9 or payloads flown on a space-available basis on NASA-provided...

  15. 32 CFR 277.4 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Responsibilities. 277.4 Section 277.4 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT § 277.4 Responsibilities. (a) The Inspector General...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.503 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Personnel Reliability Program § 1214.503 Policy. (a) The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom are... Protection Program.” 2 The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom provide a capability to support a wide... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Policy. 1214.503 Section 1214.503...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.503 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Personnel Reliability Program § 1214.503 Policy. (a) The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom are... Protection Program.” 2 The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom provide a capability to support a wide... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Policy. 1214.503 Section 1214.503...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.503 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Personnel Reliability Program § 1214.503 Policy. (a) The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom are... Protection Program.” 2 The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom provide a capability to support a wide... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Policy. 1214.503 Section 1214.503...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.503 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Personnel Reliability Program § 1214.503 Policy. (a) The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom are... Protection Program.” 2 The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom provide a capability to support a wide... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Policy. 1214.503 Section 1214.503...

  20. 32 CFR 277.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 277.1 Section 277.1 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT § 277.1 Purpose. This part establishes uniform policies...

  1. 32 CFR 277.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability. 277.2 Section 277.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT § 277.2 Applicability. This part applies to the Office of...

  2. 32 CFR 277.3 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Policy. 277.3 Section 277.3 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT § 277.3 Policy. It is DoD policy to redress fraud in DoD...

  3. 7 CFR 1214.3 - Christmas tree.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Christmas tree. 1214.3 Section 1214.3 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.3...

  4. 7 CFR 1214.3 - Christmas tree.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Christmas tree. 1214.3 Section 1214.3 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.3...

  5. 7 CFR 1214.3 - Christmas tree.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Christmas tree. 1214.3 Section 1214.3 Agriculture... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.3...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.1706 - Program management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Program management. 1214.1706 Section 1214... Participants § 1214.1706 Program management. The Associate Administrator for Space Flight is responsible for program management under the direction of the Committee chairperson. ...

  7. 14 CFR 1214.1706 - Program management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Program management. 1214.1706 Section 1214... Participants § 1214.1706 Program management. The Associate Administrator for Space Flight is responsible for program management under the direction of the Committee chairperson. ...

  8. 14 CFR 1214.1706 - Program management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Program management. 1214.1706 Section 1214... Participants § 1214.1706 Program management. The Associate Administrator for Space Flight is responsible for program management under the direction of the Committee chairperson. ...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.1706 - Program management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Program management. 1214.1706 Section 1214... Participants § 1214.1706 Program management. The Associate Administrator for Space Flight is responsible for program management under the direction of the Committee chairperson. ...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.111 - Rendezvous services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Rendezvous services. 1214.111 Section 1214.111 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214...

  11. 14 CFR 1214.1105 - Final ranking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Final ranking. 1214.1105 Section 1214.1105 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1105 Final ranking. Final rankings will be based on a combination of...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.608 - Safety requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Safety requirements. 1214.608 Section 1214... Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.608 Safety requirements. The contents of OFK's and PPK's must meet the requirements set forth in NASA Handbook 1700.7, “Safety Policy and Requirements for Payloads Using the Space...

  13. 14 CFR § 1214.302 - Background.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Background. § 1214.302 Section § 1214.302 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.302 Background. (a) The Space Transportation System (STS) has been...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.608 - Safety requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Safety requirements. 1214.608 Section 1214... Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.608 Safety requirements. The contents of OFK's and PPK's must meet the requirements set forth in NASA Handbook 1700.7, “Safety Policy and Requirements for Payloads Using the Space...

  15. 14 CFR § 1214.100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.100 Scope. This subpart 1214.1 sets forth general provisions regarding flight of Space Shuttle cargo bay payloads for non... under the provision of subpart 1214.9 or payloads flown on a space-available basis on NASA-provided...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.202 - Reimbursement policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Reimbursement policy. 1214.202 Section 1214... are recovered over a twelve-year period. (6) Pricing incentives are designed to maximize the proper... subpart 1214.1. (vii) For the user with an experimental, new use of space or first time use of space of...

  17. 14 CFR § 1214.200 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Shuttle services which are provided by NASA to users (as defined in § 1214.201) under launch services... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Scope. § 1214.200 Section § 1214.200 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle...

  18. 14 CFR § 1214.401 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Space Station Crew § 1214.401 Applicability. This subpart applies to all persons provided by NASA for flight to the International Space Station, including U.S. Government employees, uniformed members of the... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Applicability. § 1214.401 Section § 1214...

  19. 49 CFR 27.7 - Discrimination prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 27.7 Section 27.7... OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE General § 27.7 Discrimination prohibited. (a... participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or...

  20. 49 CFR 27.7 - Discrimination prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 27.7 Section 27.7... OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE General § 27.7 Discrimination prohibited. (a... participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or...

  1. 49 CFR 27.7 - Discrimination prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 27.7 Section 27.7... OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE General § 27.7 Discrimination prohibited. (a... participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or...

  2. 49 CFR 27.7 - Discrimination prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 27.7 Section 27.7... OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE General § 27.7 Discrimination prohibited. (a... participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or...

  3. The outer membrane protein TolC is required for phytoalexin resistance and virulence of the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora.

    PubMed

    Al-Karablieh, Nehaya; Weingart, Helge; Ullrich, Matthias S

    2009-07-01

    Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight on several plant species such as apple and pear, which produce diverse phytoalexins as defence mechanisms. An evolutionary successful pathogen thus must develop resistance mechanisms towards these toxic compounds. The E. amylovora outer membrane protein, TolC, might mediate phytoalexin resistance through its interaction with the multidrug efflux pump, AcrAB. To prove this, a tolC mutant and an acrB/tolC double mutant were constructed. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of diverse antimicrobials and phytoalexins were determined for these mutants and compared with that of a previously generated acrB mutant. The tolC and arcB/tolC mutants were considerably more susceptible than the wild type but showed similar levels as the acrB mutant. The results clearly indicated that neither TolC nor AcrAB significantly interacted with other transport systems during the efflux of the tested toxic compounds. Survival and virulence assays on inoculated apple plants showed that pathogenicity and the ability of E. amylovora to colonize plant tissue were equally impaired by mutations of tolC and acrB/tolC. Our results allowed the conclusion that TolC plays an important role as a virulence and fitness factor of E. amylovora by mediating resistance towards phytoalexins through its exclusive interaction with AcrAB. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  4. 14 CFR § 1214.404 - Violations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Violations. § 1214.404 Section § 1214.404 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.404 Violations. This subpart is a regulation within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. 799, and...

  5. [Construction and expression analysis of the zebrafish heart-specific transgenetic vector based on Tol2 transposable element].

    PubMed

    Chen, Tingfang; Luo, Na; Xie, Huaping; Wu, Xiushan; Deng, Yun

    2010-02-01

    In an effort to generate a desired expression construct for making heart-specific expression transgenic zebrafish, a Tol2 plasmid, which can drive EGFP reporter gene specifically expressed in the heart, was modified using subcloning technology. An IRES fragment bearing multiple cloning site (MCS) was amplified directly from pIRES2-EGFP plasmid and was inserted between the CMLC2 promoter and EGFP fragment of the pDestTol2CG vector. This recombinant expression plasmid pTol2-CMLC2-IRES-EGFP can drive any interested gene specifically expressed in the zebrafish heart along with EGFP reporter gene. To test the effectiveness of this new expression plasmid, we constructed pTol2-CMLC2-RED-IRES-EGFP plasmid by inserting another reporter gene DsRed-Monome into MCS downstream of the CMLC2 promoter and injected this transgenic recombinant plasmid into one-cell stage embryos of zebrafish. Under fluorescence microscope, both the red fluorescence and the green fluorescence produced by pTol2-CMLC2-RED-IRES-EGFP were detected specifically in the heart tissue in the same expression pattern. This novel expression construct pTol2-CMLC2-IRES-EGFP will become an important tool for our research on identifying heart development candidate genes' function using zebrafish as a model.

  6. Role of Pseudomonas putida tol-oprL Gene Products in Uptake of Solutes through the Cytoplasmic Membrane

    PubMed Central

    Llamas, María A.; Rodríguez-Herva, José J.; Hancock, Robert E. W.; Bitter, Wilbert; Tommassen, Jan; Ramos, Juan L.

    2003-01-01

    Proteins of the Tol-Pal (Tol-OprL) system play a key role in the maintenance of outer membrane integrity and cell morphology in gram-negative bacteria. Here we describe an additional role for this system in the transport of various carbon sources across the cytoplasmic membrane. Growth of Pseudomonas putida tol-oprL mutant strains in minimal medium with glycerol, fructose, or arginine was impaired, and the growth rate with succinate, proline, or sucrose as the carbon source was lower than the growth rate of the parental strain. Assays with radiolabeled substrates revealed that the rates of uptake of these compounds by mutant cells were lower than the rates of uptake by the wild-type strain. The pattern and amount of outer membrane protein in the P. putida tol-oprL mutants were not changed, suggesting that the transport defect was not in the outer membrane. Consistently, the uptake of radiolabeled glucose and glycerol in spheroplasts was defective in the P. putida tol-oprL mutant strains, suggesting that there was a defect at the cytoplasmic membrane level. Generation of a proton motive force appeared to be unaffected in these mutants. To rule out the possibility that the uptake defect was due to a lack of specific transporter proteins, the PutP symporter was overproduced, but this overproduction did not enhance proline uptake in the tol-oprL mutants. These results suggest that the Tol-OprL system is necessary for appropriate functioning of certain uptake systems at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID:12896989

  7. 7 CFR 277.7 - Cash depositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cash depositories. 277.7 Section 277.7 Agriculture... FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PAYMENTS OF CERTAIN ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.7 Cash depositories. (a) The term “cash depositories” refers to banks or other institutions which...

  8. 14 CFR § 1214.503 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Personnel Reliability Program § 1214.503 Policy. (a) The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom are... Protection Program.” 2 The Space Shuttle and the Space Station Freedom provide a capability to support a wide... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Policy. § 1214.503 Section § 1214.503...

  9. 7 CFR 1214.20 - Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Secretary. 1214.20 Section 1214.20 Agriculture... Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any officer or employee of... the Secretary's stead. ...

  10. 7 CFR 1214.20 - Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Secretary. 1214.20 Section 1214.20 Agriculture... Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any officer or employee of... the Secretary's stead. ...

  11. 7 CFR 1214.20 - Secretary.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Secretary. 1214.20 Section 1214.20 Agriculture... Secretary. Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any officer or employee of... the Secretary's stead. ...

  12. 43 CFR 27.7 - Compliance information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Compliance information. 27.7 Section 27.7... UNDER TITLE II OF PUBLIC LAW 93-153 § 27.7 Compliance information. (a) Records, reports, and access to... such form, and containing such information, as he may determine to be necessary to enable him to...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.305 - Payload specialist responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Payload specialist responsibilities. 1214.305 Section 1214.305 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.305 Payload specialist...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.305 - Payload specialist responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Payload specialist responsibilities. 1214.305 Section 1214.305 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.305 Payload specialist...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.305 - Payload specialist responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Payload specialist responsibilities. 1214.305 Section 1214.305 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.305 Payload specialist...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.305 - Payload specialist responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Payload specialist responsibilities. 1214.305 Section 1214.305 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.305 Payload specialist...

  17. 7 CFR 1214.105 - Ballots.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Ballots. 1214.105 Section 1214.105 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.104 - Subagents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Subagents. 1214.104 Section 1214.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  19. 7 CFR 1214.103 - Instructions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Instructions. 1214.103 Section 1214.103 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  20. 7 CFR 1214.105 - Ballots.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ballots. 1214.105 Section 1214.105 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  1. 7 CFR 1214.103 - Instructions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Instructions. 1214.103 Section 1214.103 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  2. 7 CFR 1214.105 - Ballots.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ballots. 1214.105 Section 1214.105 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  3. 7 CFR 1214.104 - Subagents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Subagents. 1214.104 Section 1214.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  4. 7 CFR 1214.103 - Instructions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Instructions. 1214.103 Section 1214.103 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  5. 7 CFR 1214.104 - Subagents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Subagents. 1214.104 Section 1214.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.201 - Definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Definition. 1214.201 Section 1214.201... observer nations participating in Spacelab development, and Canada, when conducting experimental science or experimental applications missions with no near-term commercial implications. ...

  7. 14 CFR 1214.1102 - Evaluation of applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Evaluation of applications. 1214.1102 Section 1214.1102 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1102 Evaluation of applications. (a) All...

  8. Millimeter-Wave Polarimeters Using Kinetic Inductance Detectors for TolTEC and Beyond

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Austermann, J. E.; Beall, J. A.; Bryan, S. A.; Dober, B.; Gao, J.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Mauskopf, P.; McKenney, C. M.; Simon, S. M.; Ullom, J. N.; Vissers, M. R.; Wilson, G. W.

    2018-05-01

    Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) provide a compelling path forward to the large-format polarimeter, imaging, and spectrometer arrays needed for next-generation experiments in millimeter-wave cosmology and astronomy. We describe the development of feedhorn-coupled MKID detectors for the TolTEC millimeter-wave imaging polarimeter being constructed for the 50-m Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT). Observations with TolTEC are planned to begin in early 2019. TolTEC will comprise ˜ 7000 polarization-sensitive MKIDs and will represent the first MKID arrays fabricated and deployed on monolithic 150 mm diameter silicon wafers—a critical step toward future large-scale experiments with over 10^5 detectors. TolTEC will operate in observational bands at 1.1, 1.4, and 2.0 mm and will use dichroic filters to define a physically independent focal plane for each passband, thus allowing the polarimeters to use simple, direct-absorption inductive structures that are impedance matched to incident radiation. This work is part of a larger program at NIST-Boulder to develop MKID-based detector technologies for use over a wide range of photon energies spanning millimeter-waves to X-rays. We present the detailed pixel layout and describe the methods, tools, and flexible design parameters that allow this solution to be optimized for use anywhere in the millimeter and sub-millimeter bands. We also present measurements of prototype devices operating in the 1.1 mm band and compare the observed optical performance to that predicted from models and simulations.

  9. 14 CFR 1214.1103 - Application cutoff date.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Application cutoff date. 1214.1103 Section 1214.1103 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1103 Application cutoff date. (a) The JSC...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.1103 - Application cutoff date.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Application cutoff date. 1214.1103 Section 1214.1103 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1103 Application cutoff date. (a) The JSC...

  11. 7 CFR 1214.2 - Board.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.2 Board. Board or the Christmas Tree Promotion Board means the administrative body established pursuant to § 1214.40. ...

  12. 7 CFR 1214.2 - Board.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.2 Board. Board or the Christmas Tree Promotion Board means the administrative body established pursuant to § 1214.40. ...

  13. 7 CFR 1214.2 - Board.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.2 Board. Board or the Christmas Tree Promotion Board means the administrative body established pursuant to § 1214.40. ...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.1101 - Announcement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Announcement. 1214.1101 Section 1214.1101 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate... announced nationwide and publicized periodically unless specifically canceled by NASA. (b) Civilian...

  15. 7 CFR 1214.71 - Books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Books and records. 1214.71 Section 1214.71..., RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1214.71 Books and records. Each producer and importer subject to this subpart, including...

  16. 7 CFR 1214.71 - Books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Books and records. 1214.71 Section 1214.71..., RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1214.71 Books and records. Each producer and importer subject to this subpart, including...

  17. 7 CFR 1214.71 - Books and records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Books and records. 1214.71 Section 1214.71..., RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Reports, Books, and Records § 1214.71 Books and records. Each producer and importer subject to this subpart, including...

  18. 45 CFR 1214.160 - Communications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Communications. 1214.160 Section 1214.160 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE....160 Communications. (a) The agency shall take appropriate steps to ensure effective communication with...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.1100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope. 1214.1100 Section 1214.1100 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate... selection of astronaut candidates. It applies to all pilot and mission specialist astronaut candidate...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.1100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Scope. 1214.1100 Section 1214.1100 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate... selection of astronaut candidates. It applies to all pilot and mission specialist astronaut candidate...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.500 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope. 1214.500 Section 1214.500 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... that personnel assigned to mission critical positions/duties meet the screening requirements outlined...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.500 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Scope. 1214.500 Section 1214.500 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... that personnel assigned to mission critical positions/duties meet the screening requirements outlined...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.500 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Scope. 1214.500 Section 1214.500 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... that personnel assigned to mission critical positions/duties meet the screening requirements outlined...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.500 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Scope. 1214.500 Section 1214.500 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... that personnel assigned to mission critical positions/duties meet the screening requirements outlined...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.1100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Scope. 1214.1100 Section 1214.1100 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate... selection of astronaut candidates. It applies to all pilot and mission specialist astronaut candidate...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.1100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Scope. 1214.1100 Section 1214.1100 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate... selection of astronaut candidates. It applies to all pilot and mission specialist astronaut candidate...

  7. 45 CFR 1214.160 - Communications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Communications. 1214.160 Section 1214.160 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE....160 Communications. (a) The agency shall take appropriate steps to ensure effective communication with...

  8. 45 CFR 1214.160 - Communications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Communications. 1214.160 Section 1214.160 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE....160 Communications. (a) The agency shall take appropriate steps to ensure effective communication with...

  9. 7 CFR 1214.11 - Marketing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Marketing. 1214.11 Section 1214.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... Marketing. Marketing means to sell or otherwise dispose of Christmas trees in interstate, foreign or...

  10. 7 CFR 1214.11 - Marketing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Marketing. 1214.11 Section 1214.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... Marketing. Marketing means to sell or otherwise dispose of Christmas trees in interstate, foreign or...

  11. 7 CFR 1214.11 - Marketing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Marketing. 1214.11 Section 1214.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... Marketing. Marketing means to sell or otherwise dispose of Christmas trees in interstate, foreign or...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.502 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... and other critical space systems, including Space Station Freedom, designated Expendable Launch... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Definitions. 1214.502 Section 1214.502 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.502 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... and other critical space systems, including Space Station Freedom, designated Expendable Launch... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 1214.502 Section 1214.502 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.502 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... and other critical space systems, including Space Station Freedom, designated Expendable Launch... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 1214.502 Section 1214.502 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System...

  15. 45 CFR 1214.160 - Communications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Communications. 1214.160 Section 1214.160 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE....160 Communications. (a) The agency shall take appropriate steps to ensure effective communication with...

  16. 40 CFR 264.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 264.277 Section 264.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Land Treatment § 264...

  17. 40 CFR 264.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false [Reserved] 264.277 Section 264.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Land Treatment § 264...

  18. 40 CFR 264.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 264.277 Section 264.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Land Treatment § 264...

  19. 40 CFR 264.277 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false [Reserved] 264.277 Section 264.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Land Treatment § 264...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.701 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., and support hardware/software carried into space to accomplish a scientific mission or discrete... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 1214.701 Section 1214.701 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.701 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., and support hardware/software carried into space to accomplish a scientific mission or discrete... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 1214.701 Section 1214.701 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space...

  2. 45 CFR 1214.140 - Employment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Employment. 1214.140 Section 1214.140 Public....140 Employment. No qualified individual with handicaps shall, on the basis of handicap, be subjected to discrimination in employment under any program or activity conducted by the agency. The...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.401 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Applicability. 1214.401 Section 1214.401 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station... International Space Station, including U.S. Government employees, uniformed members of the Armed Services, U.S...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.401 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicability. 1214.401 Section 1214.401 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station... International Space Station, including U.S. Government employees, uniformed members of the Armed Services, U.S...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.401 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability. 1214.401 Section 1214.401 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station... International Space Station, including U.S. Government employees, uniformed members of the Armed Services, U.S...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.401 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Applicability. 1214.401 Section 1214.401 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station... International Space Station, including U.S. Government employees, uniformed members of the Armed Services, U.S...

  7. 45 CFR 1214.102 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Application. 1214.102 Section 1214.102 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE....102 Application. This part applies to all programs or activities conducted by the agency, except for...

  8. 14 CFR 1214.400 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope. 1214.400 Section 1214.400 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station... Space Station crewmembers provided by NASA for flight to the International Space Station. (b) In order...

  9. Functional Relationships between the AcrA Hairpin Tip Region and the TolC Aperture Tip Region for the Formation of the Bacterial Tripartite Efflux Pump AcrAB-TolC ▿ † ‡

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Hong-Man; Xu, Yongbin; Lee, Minho; Piao, Shunfu; Sim, Se-Hoon; Ha, Nam-Chul; Lee, Kangseok

    2010-01-01

    Tripartite efflux pumps found in Gram-negative bacteria are involved in antibiotic resistance and toxic-protein secretion. In this study, we show, using site-directed mutational analyses, that the conserved residues located in the tip region of the α-hairpin of the membrane fusion protein (MFP) AcrA play an essential role in the action of the tripartite efflux pump AcrAB-TolC. In addition, we provide in vivo functional data showing that both the length and the amino acid sequence of the α-hairpin of AcrA can be flexible for the formation of a functional AcrAB-TolC pump. Genetic-complementation experiments further indicated functional interrelationships between the AcrA hairpin tip region and the TolC aperture tip region. Our findings may offer a molecular basis for understanding the multidrug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. PMID:20581201

  10. 7 CFR 277.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 277.2 Section 277.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... means the Office of Management and Budget. Personal property means property of any kind except real...

  11. 14 CFR 1214.201 - Definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definition. 1214.201 Section 1214.201 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle... have made substantial investment in the STS program, i.e., European Space Agency (ESA), ESA member or...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.201 - Definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definition. 1214.201 Section 1214.201 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle... have made substantial investment in the STS program, i.e., European Space Agency (ESA), ESA member or...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.501 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicability. 1214.501 Section 1214.501 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... the safety and success of mission critical space systems. (b) The provisions of this regulation apply...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.501 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability. 1214.501 Section 1214.501 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... the safety and success of mission critical space systems. (b) The provisions of this regulation apply...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.501 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Applicability. 1214.501 Section 1214.501 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... the safety and success of mission critical space systems. (b) The provisions of this regulation apply...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.501 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Applicability. 1214.501 Section 1214.501 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... the safety and success of mission critical space systems. (b) The provisions of this regulation apply...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.609 - Loss or theft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loss or theft. 1214.609 Section 1214.609... Flights § 1214.609 Loss or theft. (a) Responsibility. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration will not be responsible for the loss or theft of, or damage to, items carried in OFK's or PPK's. (b...

  18. 47 CFR 1.277 - Exceptions; oral arguments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exceptions; oral arguments. 1.277 Section 1.277 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Hearing Proceedings Review Proceedings § 1.277 Exceptions; oral arguments. (a) The consolidated supporting brief and exceptions to the...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.703 - Chain of command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Chain of command. 1214.703 Section 1214.703... Shuttle Commander § 1214.703 Chain of command. (a) The Commander is a career NASA astronaut who has been... particular flight and is second in command of the flight. If the commander is unable to carry out the...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.703 - Chain of command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Chain of command. 1214.703 Section 1214.703... Shuttle Commander § 1214.703 Chain of command. (a) The Commander is a career NASA astronaut who has been... particular flight and is second in command of the flight. If the commander is unable to carry out the...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.703 - Chain of command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Chain of command. 1214.703 Section 1214.703... Shuttle Commander § 1214.703 Chain of command. (a) The Commander is a career NASA astronaut who has been... particular flight and is second in command of the flight. If the commander is unable to carry out the...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.703 - Chain of command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Chain of command. 1214.703 Section 1214.703... Shuttle Commander § 1214.703 Chain of command. (a) The Commander is a career NASA astronaut who has been... particular flight and is second in command of the flight. If the commander is unable to carry out the...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.300 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... to the selection of crew for the Space Station Freedom. It is recognized that the Space Station has... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope. 1214.300 Section 1214.300 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.300 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... to the selection of crew for the Space Station Freedom. It is recognized that the Space Station has... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Scope. 1214.300 Section 1214.300 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.300 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... to the selection of crew for the Space Station Freedom. It is recognized that the Space Station has... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Scope. 1214.300 Section 1214.300 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.300 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... to the selection of crew for the Space Station Freedom. It is recognized that the Space Station has... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Scope. 1214.300 Section 1214.300 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space...

  7. 7 CFR 277.4 - Funding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Funding. 277.4 Section 277.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... regulations; and (6) Are in the approved budget. (e) The value of services rendered by volunteers or the value...

  8. 7 CFR 277.4 - Funding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Funding. 277.4 Section 277.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... regulations; and (6) Are in the approved budget. (e) The value of services rendered by volunteers or the value...

  9. 7 CFR 277.4 - Funding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Funding. 277.4 Section 277.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... regulations; and (6) Are in the approved budget. (e) The value of services rendered by volunteers or the value...

  10. 7 CFR 277.4 - Funding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Funding. 277.4 Section 277.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... regulations; and (6) Are in the approved budget. (e) The value of services rendered by volunteers or the value...

  11. 7 CFR 277.11 - Financial reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial reporting requirements. 277.11 Section 277... OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.11 Financial reporting requirements. (a) General. This section prescribes... termination of Federal financial support. Requests from State agencies for extension of reporting due dates...

  12. 7 CFR 277.9 - Administrative costs principles.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrative costs principles. 277.9 Section 277.9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... AGENCIES § 277.9 Administrative costs principles. (a) This section prescribes specific policies and...

  13. 7 CFR 277.11 - Financial reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Financial reporting requirements. 277.11 Section 277... OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.11 Financial reporting requirements. (a) General. This section prescribes... termination of Federal financial support. Requests from State agencies for extension of reporting due dates...

  14. Isolation and Characterization of Escherichia coli tolC Mutants Defective in Secreting Enzymatically Active Alpha-Hemolysin

    PubMed Central

    Vakharia, Hema; German, Greg J.; Misra, Rajeev

    2001-01-01

    This study describes the isolation and characterization of a unique class of TolC mutants that, under steady-state growth conditions, secreted normal levels of largely inactive alpha-hemolysin. Unlike the reduced activity in the culture supernatants, the cell-associated hemolytic activity in these mutants was identical to that in the parental strain, thus reflecting a normal intracellular toxin activation event. Treatment of the secreted toxin with guanidine hydrochloride significantly restored cytolytic activity, suggesting that the diminished activity may have been due to the aggregation or misfolding of the toxin molecules. Consistent with this notion, sedimentation and filtration analyses showed that alpha-hemolysin secreted from the mutant strain has a mass greater than that secreted from the parental strain. Experiments designed to monitor the time course of alpha-hemolysin release showed delayed appearance of toxin in the culture supernatant of the mutant strain, thus indicating a possible defect in alpha-hemolysin translocation or release. Eight different TolC substitutions displaying this toxin secretion defect were scattered throughout the protein, of which six localized in the periplasmically exposed α-helical domain, while the remaining two mapped within the outer membrane-embedded β-barrel domain of TolC. A plausible model for the secretion of inactive alpha-hemolysin in these TolC mutants is discussed in the context of the recently determined three-dimensional structure of TolC. PMID:11698380

  15. 14 CFR 1214.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.102 Definitions. (a) Customer. Any non-U.S. government person or entity who, by virtue of a contract or other... in § 1214.115 for 1 day of single-shift, on-orbit mission operations. (d) Jettison. To physically...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.102 Definitions. (a) Customer. Any non-U.S. government person or entity who, by virtue of a contract or other... in § 1214.115 for 1 day of single-shift, on-orbit mission operations. (d) Jettison. To physically...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.102 Definitions. (a) Customer. Any non-U.S. government person or entity who, by virtue of a contract or other... in § 1214.115 for 1 day of single-shift, on-orbit mission operations. (d) Jettison. To physically...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.102 Definitions. (a) Customer. Any non-U.S. government person or entity who, by virtue of a contract or other... in § 1214.115 for 1 day of single-shift, on-orbit mission operations. (d) Jettison. To physically...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.1106 - Selection of astronaut candidates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Selection of astronaut candidates. 1214.1106 Section 1214.1106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1106 Selection of astronaut...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.1707 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Media and public inquiries. 1214.1707 Section 1214.1707 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Space Flight Participants § 1214.1707 Media and public inquiries. (a) The Associate Administrator for External...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.1707 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Media and public inquiries. 1214.1707 Section 1214.1707 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Space Flight Participants § 1214.1707 Media and public inquiries. (a) The Associate Administrator for External...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.1707 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Media and public inquiries. 1214.1707 Section 1214.1707 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Space Flight Participants § 1214.1707 Media and public inquiries. (a) The Associate Administrator for External...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.1707 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Media and public inquiries. 1214.1707 Section 1214.1707 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Space Flight Participants § 1214.1707 Media and public inquiries. (a) The Associate Administrator for External...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.802 - Relationship to Shuttle policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Relationship to Shuttle policy. 1214.802 Section 1214.802 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Spacelab Services § 1214.802 Relationship to Shuttle policy. Except as specifically noted, the...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.802 - Relationship to Shuttle policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Relationship to Shuttle policy. 1214.802 Section 1214.802 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Spacelab Services § 1214.802 Relationship to Shuttle policy. Except as specifically noted, the...

  6. 7 CFR 1214.106 - Referendum report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Referendum report. 1214.106 Section 1214.106 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  7. 7 CFR 1214.107 - Confidential information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Confidential information. 1214.107 Section 1214.107 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  8. 7 CFR 1214.106 - Referendum report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Referendum report. 1214.106 Section 1214.106 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  9. 7 CFR 1214.107 - Confidential information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Confidential information. 1214.107 Section 1214.107 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  10. 7 CFR 1214.107 - Confidential information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Confidential information. 1214.107 Section 1214.107 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  11. 7 CFR 1214.106 - Referendum report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Referendum report. 1214.106 Section 1214.106 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  12. Discovery of a Fanaroff-Riley type 0 radio galaxy emitting at γ-ray energies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grandi, Paola; Capetti, Alessandro; Baldi, Ranieri D.

    2016-03-01

    We present supporting evidence for the first association of a Fermi source, 3FGLJ1330.0-3818, Acero et al. (2015) with the Fanaroff-Riley type 0 (FR 0) radio galaxy Tol1326-379. FR 0s represent the majority of the local population of radio-loud active galactic nuclei but their nature is still unclear. They share the same nuclear and host properties as FR Is, but they show a large deficit of extended radio emission. Here we show that FR 0s can emit photons at very high energies. Tol1326-379 has a GeV luminosity of L>1 GeV ˜ 2 × 1042 erg s-1, typical of FR Is, but with a steeper γ-ray spectrum (Γ = 2.78 ± 0.14). This could be related to the intrinsic jet properties but also to a different viewing angle.

  13. 14 CFR § 1214.305 - Payload specialist responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Payload specialist responsibilities. § 1214.305 Section § 1214.305 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.305 Payload specialist...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.812 - Payload specialists.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Payload specialists. 1214.812 Section 1214.812 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for...-furnished mission specialists. Accommodations for, and mission-independent training of, any payload...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.812 - Payload specialists.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Payload specialists. 1214.812 Section 1214.812 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for...-furnished mission specialists. Accommodations for, and mission-independent training of, any payload...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.812 - Payload specialists.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Payload specialists. 1214.812 Section 1214.812 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for...-furnished mission specialists. Accommodations for, and mission-independent training of, any payload...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.812 - Payload specialists.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Payload specialists. 1214.812 Section 1214.812 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for...-furnished mission specialists. Accommodations for, and mission-independent training of, any payload...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.504 - Screening requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... meaning of this subsection. (iii) All information obtained by medical or Employee Assistance Program... Critical Space System Personnel Reliability Program § 1214.504 Screening requirements. (a) Only those... program. 4 See footnote 1 to § 1214.502(e). (b) Determination of suitability for assignment to mission...

  19. 14 CFR § 1214.502 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .... The Space Shuttle and other critical space systems, including Space Station Freedom, designated... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. § 1214.502 Section § 1214.502 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical...

  20. Spontaneous germline excision of Tol1, a DNA-based transposable element naturally occurring in the medaka fish genome.

    PubMed

    Watanabe, Kohei; Koga, Hajime; Nakamura, Kodai; Fujita, Akiko; Hattori, Akimasa; Matsuda, Masaru; Koga, Akihiko

    2014-04-01

    DNA-based transposable elements are ubiquitous constituents of eukaryotic genomes. Vertebrates are, however, exceptional in that most of their DNA-based elements appear to be inactivated. The Tol1 element of the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, is one of the few elements for which copies containing an undamaged gene have been found. Spontaneous transposition of this element in somatic cells has previously been demonstrated, but there is only indirect evidence for its germline transposition. Here, we show direct evidence of spontaneous excision in the germline. Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. In an albino laboratory strain of medaka fish, which is homozygous for a mutant tyrosinase gene in which a Tol1 copy is inserted, we identified de novo reversion mutations related to melanin pigmentation. The gamete-based reversion rate was as high as 0.4%. The revertant fish carried the tyrosinase gene from which the Tol1 copy had been excised. We previously reported the germline transposition of Tol2, another DNA-based element that is thought to be a recent invader of the medaka fish genome. Tol1 is an ancient resident of the genome. Our results indicate that even an old element can contribute to genetic variation in the host genome as a natural mutator.

  1. 45 CFR 12.14 - Compliance inspections and reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Compliance inspections and reports. 12.14 Section 12.14 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION OF SURPLUS REAL PROPERTY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PURPOSES § 12.14 Compliance inspections and reports. The Department will make or have made such...

  2. 14 CFR § 1214.1100 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Scope. § 1214.1100 Section § 1214.1100 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate... selection of astronaut candidates. It applies to all pilot and mission specialist astronaut candidate...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.111 - Rendezvous services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ....111 Rendezvous services. (a) A rendezvous mission involves the rendezvous of the Space Shuttle orbiter... Space Shuttle mission for an already orbiting spacecraft (or part thereof) and return of already... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Rendezvous services. 1214.111 Section 1214...

  4. 14 CFR § 1214.500 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Scope. § 1214.500 Section § 1214.500 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System... that personnel assigned to mission critical positions/duties meet the screening requirements outlined...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.111 - Rendezvous services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ....111 Rendezvous services. (a) A rendezvous mission involves the rendezvous of the Space Shuttle orbiter... Space Shuttle mission for an already orbiting spacecraft (or part thereof) and return of already... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Rendezvous services. 1214.111 Section 1214...

  6. 14 CFR § 1214.501 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... regulation applies to Space Station Freedom International Partners in that the certification requirements in... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Applicability. § 1214.501 Section § 1214.501 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical...

  7. Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ 1214b.

    PubMed

    Kreidberg, Laura; Bean, Jacob L; Désert, Jean-Michel; Benneke, Björn; Deming, Drake; Stevenson, Kevin B; Seager, Sara; Berta-Thompson, Zachory; Seifahrt, Andreas; Homeier, Derek

    2014-01-02

    Recent surveys have revealed that planets intermediate in size between Earth and Neptune ('super-Earths') are among the most common planets in the Galaxy. Atmospheric studies are the next step towards developing a comprehensive understanding of this new class of object. Much effort has been focused on using transmission spectroscopy to characterize the atmosphere of the super-Earth archetype GJ 1214b (refs 7 - 17), but previous observations did not have sufficient precision to distinguish between two interpretations for the atmosphere. The planet's atmosphere could be dominated by relatively heavy molecules, such as water (for example, a 100 per cent water vapour composition), or it could contain high-altitude clouds that obscure its lower layers. Here we report a measurement of the transmission spectrum of GJ 1214b at near-infrared wavelengths that definitively resolves this ambiguity. The data, obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, are sufficiently precise to detect absorption features from a high mean-molecular-mass atmosphere. The observed spectrum, however, is featureless. We rule out cloud-free atmospheric models with compositions dominated by water, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen or carbon dioxide at greater than 5σ confidence. The planet's atmosphere must contain clouds to be consistent with the data.

  8. 14 CFR § 1214.701 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... equipment, and support hardware/software carried into space to accomplish a scientific mission or discrete... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. § 1214.701 Section § 1214.701 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.402 - International Space Station crewmember responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true International Space Station crewmember responsibilities. 1214.402 Section 1214.402 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.402 International Space Station crewmember...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.402 - International Space Station crewmember responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false International Space Station crewmember responsibilities. 1214.402 Section 1214.402 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.402 International Space Station crewmember...

  11. The surfactant of Legionella pneumophila Is secreted in a TolC-dependent manner and is antagonistic toward other Legionella species.

    PubMed

    Stewart, Catherine R; Burnside, Denise M; Cianciotto, Nicholas P

    2011-11-01

    When Legionella pneumophila grows on agar plates, it secretes a surfactant that promotes flagellum- and pilus-independent "sliding" motility. We isolated three mutants that were defective for surfactant. The first two had mutations in genes predicted to encode cytoplasmic enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. These genes mapped to two adjacent operons that we designated bbcABCDEF and bbcGHIJK. Backcrossing and complementation confirmed the importance of the bbc genes and suggested that the Legionella surfactant is lipid containing. The third mutant had an insertion in tolC. TolC is the outer membrane part of various trimolecular complexes involved in multidrug efflux and type I protein secretion. Complementation of the tolC mutant restored sliding motility. Mutants defective for an inner membrane partner of TolC also lacked a surfactant, confirming that TolC promotes surfactant secretion. L. pneumophila (lspF) mutants lacking type II protein secretion (T2S) are also impaired for a surfactant. When the tolC and lspF mutants were grown next to each other, the lsp mutant secreted surfactant, suggesting that TolC and T2S conjoin to mediate surfactant secretion, with one being the conduit for surfactant export and the other the exporter of a molecule that is required for induction or maturation of surfactant synthesis/secretion. Although the surfactant was not required for the extracellular growth, intracellular infection, and intrapulmonary survival of L. pneumophila, it exhibited antimicrobial activity toward seven other species of Legionella but not toward various non-Legionella species. These data suggest that the surfactant provides L. pneumophila with a selective advantage over other legionellae in the natural environment.

  12. 14 CFR § 1214.201 - Definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definition. § 1214.201 Section § 1214.201 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle... have made substantial investment in the STS program, i.e., European Space Agency (ESA), ESA member or...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.1705 - Selection of space flight participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Selection of space flight participants. 1214.1705 Section 1214.1705 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Space Flight Participants § 1214.1705 Selection of space flight participants. (a) The agency will...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.1705 - Selection of space flight participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Selection of space flight participants. 1214.1705 Section 1214.1705 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Space Flight Participants § 1214.1705 Selection of space flight participants. (a) The agency will...

  15. 14 CFR § 1214.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.102 Definitions. (a) Customer. Any non-U.S. government person or entity who, by virtue of a contract... services listed in § 1214.115 for 1 day of single-shift, on-orbit mission operations. (d) Jettison. To...

  16. 14 CFR § 1214.300 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... to the selection of crew for the Space Station Freedom. It is recognized that the Space Station has... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Scope. § 1214.300 Section § 1214.300 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space...

  17. Carbon and oxygen abundances from recombination lines in low-metallicity star-forming galaxies. Implications for chemical evolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Esteban, C.; García-Rojas, J.; Carigi, L.; Peimbert, M.; Bresolin, F.; López-Sánchez, A. R.; Mesa-Delgado, A.

    2014-09-01

    We present deep echelle spectrophotometry of the brightest emission-line knots of the star-forming galaxies He 2-10, Mrk 1271, NGC 3125, NGC 5408, POX 4, SDSS J1253-0312, Tol 1457-262, Tol 1924-416 and the H II region Hubble V in the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822. The data have been taken with the Very Large Telescope Ultraviolet-Visual Echelle Spectrograph in the 3100-10420 Å range. We determine electron densities and temperatures of the ionized gas from several emission-line intensity ratios for all the objects. We derive the ionic abundances of C2+ and/or O2+ from faint pure recombination lines in several of the objects, permitting to derive their C/H and C/O ratios. We have explored the chemical evolution at low metallicities analysing the C/O versus O/H, C/O versus N/O and C/N versus O/H relations for Galactic and extragalactic H II regions and comparing with results for Galactic halo stars and damped Lyα systems. We find that H II regions in star-forming dwarf galaxies occupy a different locus in the C/O versus O/H diagram than those belonging to the inner discs of spiral galaxies, indicating their different chemical evolution histories, and that the bulk of C in the most metal-poor extragalactic H II regions should have the same origin than in halo stars. The comparison between the C/O ratios in H II regions and in stars of the Galactic thick and thin discs seems to give arguments to support the merging scenario for the origin of the Galactic thick disc. Finally, we find an apparent coupling between C and N enrichment at the usual metallicities determined for H II regions and that this coupling breaks in very low metallicity objects.

  18. 7 CFR 1214.108 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false OMB control number. 1214.108 Section 1214.108 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  19. 7 CFR 1214.108 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false OMB control number. 1214.108 Section 1214.108 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  20. 7 CFR 1214.108 - OMB control number.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false OMB control number. 1214.108 Section 1214.108 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION...

  1. 14 CFR § 1214.1707 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Media and public inquiries. § 1214.1707 Section § 1214.1707 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Space Flight Participants § 1214.1707 Media and public inquiries. (a) The Associate Administrator for...

  2. TolC is important for bacterial survival and oxidative stress response in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis in an acidic environment.

    PubMed

    Lee, Jen-Jie; Wu, Ying-Chen; Kuo, Chih-Jung; Hsuan, Shih-Ling; Chen, Ter-Hsin

    2016-09-25

    The outer membrane protein TolC, which is one of the key components of several multidrug efflux pumps, is thought to be involved in various independent systems in Enterobacteriaceae. Since the acidic environment of the stomach is an important protection barrier against foodborne pathogen infections in hosts, we evaluated whether TolC played a role in the acid tolerance of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Comparison of the acid tolerance of the tolC mutant and the parental wild-type strain showed that the absence of TolC limits the ability of Salmonella to sustain life under extreme acidic conditions. Additionally, the mutant exhibited morphological changes during growth in an acidic medium, leading to the conflicting results of cell viability measured by spectrophotometry and colony-forming unit counting. Reverse-transcriptional-PCR analysis indicated that acid-related molecules, apparatus, or enzymes and oxidation-induced factors were significantly affected by the acidic environment in the null-tolC mutant. The elongated cellular morphology was restored by adding antioxidants to the culture medium. Furthermore, we found that increased cellular antioxidative activity provides an overlapping protection against acid killing, demonstrating the complexity of the bacterial acid stress response. Our findings reinforce the multifunctional characteristics of TolC in acid tolerance or oxidative stress resistance and support the correlative protection mechanism between oxygen- and acid-mediated stress responses in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Membrane Fusion Proteins of Type I Secretion System and Tripartite Efflux Pumps Share a Binding Motif for TolC in Gram-Negative Bacteria

    PubMed Central

    Yoon, Bo-Young; Song, Saemee; Lee, Kangseok; Ha, Nam-Chul

    2012-01-01

    The Hly translocator complex of Escherichia coli catalyzes type I secretion of the toxin hemolysin A (HlyA). In this complex, HlyB is an inner membrane ABC (ATP Binding Cassette)-type transporter, TolC is an outer membrane channel protein, and HlyD is a periplasmic adaptor anchored in the inner membrane that bridges HlyB to TolC. This tripartite organization is reminiscent of that of drug efflux systems such as AcrA-AcrB-TolC and MacA-MacB-TolC of E. coli. We have previously shown the crucial role of conserved residues located at the hairpin tip region of AcrA and MacA adaptors during assembly of their cognate systems. In this study, we investigated the role of the putative tip region of HlyD using HlyD mutants with single amino acid substitutions at the conserved positions. In vivo and in vitro data show that all mutations abolished HlyD binding to TolC and resulted in the absence of HlyA secretion. Together, our results suggest that, similarly to AcrA and MacA, HlyD interacts with TolC in a tip-to-tip manner. A general model in which these conserved interactions induce opening of TolC during drug efflux and type I secretion is discussed. PMID:22792337

  4. 14 CFR 1214.810 - Integration of payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Integration of payloads. 1214.810 Section 1214.810 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement... performing the following typical Spacelab-payload mission management functions: (1) Analytical design of the...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.810 - Integration of payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Integration of payloads. 1214.810 Section 1214.810 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement... performing the following typical Spacelab-payload mission management functions: (1) Analytical design of the...

  6. 14 CFR § 1214.1706 - Program management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Program management. § 1214.1706 Section Â... Participants § 1214.1706 Program management. The Associate Administrator for Space Flight is responsible for program management under the direction of the Committee chairperson. ...

  7. 14 CFR 1214.116 - Typical optional services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 1214.116 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.../orbiter integration and test. (e) Payload mission planning services, other than for launch, deployment and...

  8. 14 CFR 1214.116 - Typical optional services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 1214.116 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.../orbiter integration and test. (e) Payload mission planning services, other than for launch, deployment and...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.116 - Typical optional services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 1214.116 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.../orbiter integration and test. (e) Payload mission planning services, other than for launch, deployment and...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.116 - Typical optional services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 1214.116 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.../orbiter integration and test. (e) Payload mission planning services, other than for launch, deployment and...

  11. Disease-causing mutations C277R and C277Y modify gating of human ClC-1 chloride channels in myotonia congenita

    PubMed Central

    Weinberger, Sebastian; Wojciechowski, Daniel; Sternberg, Damien; Lehmann-Horn, Frank; Jurkat-Rott, Karin; Becher, Toni; Begemann, Birgit; Fahlke, Christoph; Fischer, Martin

    2012-01-01

    Myotonia congenita is a genetic condition that is caused by mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1 and characterized by delayed muscle relaxation and muscle stiffness. We here investigate the functional consequences of two novel disease-causing missense mutations, C277R and C277Y, using heterologous expression in HEK293T cells and patch clamp recording. Both mutations reduce macroscopic anion currents in transfected cells. Since hClC-1 is a double-barrelled anion channel, this reduction in current amplitude might be caused by altered gating of individual protopores or of joint openings and closing of both protopores. We used non-stationary noise analysis and single channel recordings to separate the mutants’ effects on individual and common gating processes. We found that C277Y inverts the voltage dependence and reduces the open probabilities of protopore and common gates resulting in decreases of absolute open probabilities of homodimeric channels to values below 3%. In heterodimeric channels, C277R and C277Y also reduce open probabilities and shift the common gate activation curve towards positive potentials. Moreover, C277Y modifies pore properties of hClC-1. It reduces single protopore current amplitudes to about two-thirds of wild-type values, and inverts the anion permeability sequence to I− = NO3− > Br− > Cl−. Our findings predict a dramatic reduction of the muscle fibre resting chloride conductance and thus fully explain the disease-causing effects of mutations C277R and C277Y. Moreover, they provide additional insights into the function of C277, a residue recently implicated in common gating of ClC channels. PMID:22641783

  12. 14 CFR § 1214.812 - Payload specialists.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Payload specialists. § 1214.812 Section § 1214.812 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement...-furnished mission specialists. Accommodations for, and mission-independent training of, any payload...

  13. 14 CFR § 1214.115 - Standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...§ 1214.115 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.... (d) A five-person flight crew: commander, pilot and three mission specialists. (e) Orbiter flight...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.203 - Optional reflight guarantee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Optional reflight guarantee. 1214.203 Section 1214.203 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT... payload into a Shuttle compatible mission orbit if, through no fault of the user, the first launch and...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.203 - Optional reflight guarantee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Optional reflight guarantee. 1214.203 Section 1214.203 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT... payload into a Shuttle compatible mission orbit if, through no fault of the user, the first launch and...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.805 - Unforeseen customer delay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Unforeseen customer delay. 1214.805 Section... for Spacelab Services § 1214.805 Unforeseen customer delay. Should an unforeseen customer payload..., if requested by the customer, make all reasonable efforts to prevent a delay, contingent on the...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.113 - Allocation of risk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Allocation of risk. 1214.113 Section 1214.113 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General....113 Allocation of risk. The U.S. Government will assume no risk for damages to the customer resulting...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.810 - Integration of payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Integration of payloads. 1214.810 Section... for Spacelab Services § 1214.810 Integration of payloads. (a) The customer shall bear the cost of... mission. (2) Generation of mission requirements and their documentation in the Payload Integration Plan...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.203 - Optional reflight guarantee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Optional reflight guarantee. 1214.203 Section 1214.203 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT... guarantee only applies if the payload is in a safe retrievable condition as determined by NASA. (b) Reflight...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.306 - Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions. 1214.306 Section 1214.306 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.306 Payload...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.306 - Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions. 1214.306 Section 1214.306 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.306 Payload...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.306 - Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions. 1214.306 Section 1214.306 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.306 Payload...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.306 - Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions. 1214.306 Section 1214.306 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.306 Payload...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.813 - Computation of sharing and pricing parameters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Computation of sharing and pricing parameters. 1214.813 Section 1214.813 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Spacelab Services § 1214.813 Computation of sharing and pricing...

  5. 9 CFR 2.77 - Records: Carriers and intermediate handlers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Records: Carriers and intermediate handlers. 2.77 Section 2.77 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE REGULATIONS Records § 2.77 Records: Carriers and intermediate...

  6. 7 CFR 277.3 - Budgets and budget revision procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Budgets and budget revision procedures. 277.3 Section 277.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE... OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.3 Budgets and budget revision procedures. The preparation, content, submittal...

  7. 7 CFR 277.3 - Budgets and budget revision procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Budgets and budget revision procedures. 277.3 Section 277.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE... OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.3 Budgets and budget revision procedures. The preparation, content, submittal...

  8. 7 CFR 277.3 - Budgets and budget revision procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Budgets and budget revision procedures. 277.3 Section 277.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE... OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.3 Budgets and budget revision procedures. The preparation, content, submittal...

  9. 7 CFR 277.3 - Budgets and budget revision procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Budgets and budget revision procedures. 277.3 Section 277.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE... OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.3 Budgets and budget revision procedures. The preparation, content, submittal...

  10. Characterization of the TolB-Pal trans-envelope complex from Xylella fastidiosa reveals a dynamic and coordinated protein expression profile during the biofilm development process.

    PubMed

    Santos, Clelton A; Janissen, Richard; Toledo, Marcelo A S; Beloti, Lilian L; Azzoni, Adriano R; Cotta, Monica A; Souza, Anete P

    2015-10-01

    The intriguing roles of the bacterial Tol-Pal trans-envelope protein complex range from maintenance of cell envelope integrity to potential participation in the process of cell division. In this study, we report the characterization of the XfTolB and XfPal proteins of the Tol-Pal complex of Xylella fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa is a major plant pathogen that forms biofilms inside xylem vessels, triggering the development of diseases in important cultivable plants around the word. Based on functional complementation experiments in Escherichia coli tolB and pal mutant strains, we confirmed the role of xftolB and xfpal in outer membrane integrity. In addition, we observed a dynamic and coordinated protein expression profile during the X. fastidiosa biofilm development process. Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), the low-resolution structure of the isolated XfTolB-XfPal complex in solution was solved for the first time. Finally, the localization of the XfTolB and XfPal polar ends was visualized via immunofluorescence labeling in vivo during bacterial cell growth. Our results highlight the major role of the components of the cell envelope, particularly the TolB-Pal complex, during the different phases of bacterial biofilm development. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. 14 CFR 1214.609 - Loss or theft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loss or theft. 1214.609 Section 1214.609 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mementos Aboard Space Shuttle... immediately report the loss to the Johnson Space Center Security Office and the NASA Inspector General. ...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.609 - Loss or theft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Loss or theft. 1214.609 Section 1214.609 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mementos Aboard Space Shuttle... immediately report the loss to the Johnson Space Center Security Office and the NASA Inspector General. ...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.609 - Loss or theft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loss or theft. 1214.609 Section 1214.609 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mementos Aboard Space Shuttle... immediately report the loss to the Johnson Space Center Security Office and the NASA Inspector General. ...

  14. The Surfactant of Legionella pneumophila Is Secreted in a TolC-Dependent Manner and Is Antagonistic toward Other Legionella Species ▿†

    PubMed Central

    Stewart, Catherine R.; Burnside, Denise M.; Cianciotto, Nicholas P.

    2011-01-01

    When Legionella pneumophila grows on agar plates, it secretes a surfactant that promotes flagellum- and pilus-independent “sliding” motility. We isolated three mutants that were defective for surfactant. The first two had mutations in genes predicted to encode cytoplasmic enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. These genes mapped to two adjacent operons that we designated bbcABCDEF and bbcGHIJK. Backcrossing and complementation confirmed the importance of the bbc genes and suggested that the Legionella surfactant is lipid containing. The third mutant had an insertion in tolC. TolC is the outer membrane part of various trimolecular complexes involved in multidrug efflux and type I protein secretion. Complementation of the tolC mutant restored sliding motility. Mutants defective for an inner membrane partner of TolC also lacked a surfactant, confirming that TolC promotes surfactant secretion. L. pneumophila (lspF) mutants lacking type II protein secretion (T2S) are also impaired for a surfactant. When the tolC and lspF mutants were grown next to each other, the lsp mutant secreted surfactant, suggesting that TolC and T2S conjoin to mediate surfactant secretion, with one being the conduit for surfactant export and the other the exporter of a molecule that is required for induction or maturation of surfactant synthesis/secretion. Although the surfactant was not required for the extracellular growth, intracellular infection, and intrapulmonary survival of L. pneumophila, it exhibited antimicrobial activity toward seven other species of Legionella but not toward various non-Legionella species. These data suggest that the surfactant provides L. pneumophila with a selective advantage over other legionellae in the natural environment. PMID:21890700

  15. 14 CFR § 1214.402 - International Space Station crewmember responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false International Space Station crewmember responsibilities. § 1214.402 Section § 1214.402 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT International Space Station Crew § 1214.402 International Space Station crewmember...

  16. An allosteric transport mechanism for the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Zhao; Fan, Guizhen; Hryc, Corey F; Blaza, James N; Serysheva, Irina I; Schmid, Michael F; Chiu, Wah; Luisi, Ben F; Du, Dijun

    2017-01-01

    Bacterial efflux pumps confer multidrug resistance by transporting diverse antibiotics from the cell. In Gram-negative bacteria, some of these pumps form multi-protein assemblies that span the cell envelope. Here, we report the near-atomic resolution cryoEM structures of the Escherichia coli AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump in resting and drug transport states, revealing a quaternary structural switch that allosterically couples and synchronizes initial ligand binding with channel opening. Within the transport-activated state, the channel remains open even though the pump cycles through three distinct conformations. Collectively, our data provide a dynamic mechanism for the assembly and operation of the AcrAB-TolC pump. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24905.001 PMID:28355133

  17. Crucial Role of Legionella pneumophila TolC in the Inhibition of Cellular Trafficking in the Protistan Host Paramecium tetraurelia.

    PubMed

    Nishida, Takashi; Hara, Naho; Watanabe, Kenta; Shimizu, Takashi; Fujishima, Masahiro; Watarai, Masahisa

    2018-01-01

    Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium, which is a major causative agent of Legionnaires' disease. In the environment, this bacterium survives in free-living protists such as amoebae and Tetrahymena . The association of L. pneumophila and protists leads to the replication and spread of this bacterium. Thus, from a public health perspective, their association can enhance the risk of L. pneumophila infection for humans. Paramecium spp. are candidates of natural hosts of L. pneumophila , but their detailed relationships remain unclear. In the present study, we used an environmental strain, L. pneumophila Ofk308 (Ofk308) and Paramecium tetraurelia st110-1a to reveal the relationship between L. pneumophila and Paramecium spp. Ofk308 was cytotoxic to P. tetraurelia in an infection-dependent manner. We focused on TolC, a component of the type I secretion system, which is a virulence factor of L. pneumophila toward protists and found that cytotoxicity was dependent on TolC but not on other T1SS components. Further, the number of bacteria in P. tetraurelia was not associated with cytotoxicity and TolC was not involved in the mechanism of resistance against the digestion of P. tetraurelia in Ofk308. We used a LysoTracker to evaluate the maturation process of P. tetraurelia phagosomes containing Ofk308. We found that there was no difference between Ofk308 and the tolC -deletion mutant. To assess the phagocytic activity of P. tetraurelia , Texas Red-conjugated dextran-uptake assays were performed. Ofk308 inhibited phagosome formation by P. tetraurelia through a TolC-dependent mechanism. Further, we evaluated the excretion of Legionella -containing vacuoles from P. tetraurelia . We found that P. tetraurelia failed to excrete undigested Ofk308 and that Ofk308 remained within cells through a TolC-dependent mechanism. Our results suggest that TolC is essential for L. pneumophila to remain within Paramecium cells and to show cytotoxicity

  18. 14 CFR § 1214.1705 - Selection of space flight participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Selection of space flight participants. § 1214.1705 Section § 1214.1705 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Space Flight Participants § 1214.1705 Selection of space flight participants. (a) The...

  19. The Biofilm Inhibitor Carolacton Enters Gram-Negative Cells: Studies Using a TolC-Deficient Strain of Escherichia coli

    PubMed Central

    Reck, Michael; Bunk, Boyke; Jarek, Michael; App, Constantin Benjamin; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Overmann, Jörg; Müller, Rolf; Kirschning, Andreas; Wagner-Döbler, Irene

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT The myxobacterial secondary metabolite carolacton inhibits growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and kills biofilm cells of the caries- and endocarditis-associated pathogen Streptococcus mutans at nanomolar concentrations. Here, we studied the response to carolacton of an Escherichia coli strain that lacked the outer membrane protein TolC. Whole-genome sequencing of the laboratory E. coli strain TolC revealed the integration of an insertion element, IS5, at the tolC locus and a close phylogenetic relationship to the ancient E. coli K-12. We demonstrated via transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and determination of MIC values that carolacton penetrates the phospholipid bilayer of the Gram-negative cell envelope and inhibits growth of E. coli TolC at similar concentrations as for streptococci. This inhibition is completely lost for a C-9 (R) epimer of carolacton, a derivative with an inverted stereocenter at carbon atom 9 [(S) → (R)] as the sole difference from the native molecule, which is also inactive in S. pneumoniae and S. mutans, suggesting a specific interaction of native carolacton with a conserved cellular target present in bacterial phyla as distantly related as Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) phenylalanine arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN), which specifically inhibits AcrAB-TolC, renders E. coli susceptible to carolacton. Our data indicate that carolacton has potential for use in antimicrobial chemotherapy against Gram-negative bacteria, as a single drug or in combination with EPIs. Strain E. coli TolC has been deposited at the DSMZ; together with the associated RNA-seq data and MIC values, it can be used as a reference during future screenings for novel bioactive compounds. IMPORTANCE The emergence of pathogens resistant against most or all of the antibiotics currently used in human therapy is a global threat, and therefore the search for antimicrobials with novel targets and modes of action is of utmost

  20. 14 CFR 1214.103 - Reimbursement for standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Reimbursement for standard services. 1214.103 Section 1214.103 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.103 - Reimbursement for standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reimbursement for standard services. 1214.103 Section 1214.103 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.103 - Reimbursement for standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reimbursement for standard services. 1214.103 Section 1214.103 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.103 - Reimbursement for standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reimbursement for standard services. 1214.103 Section 1214.103 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable...

  4. 45 CFR 1214.130 - General prohibitions against discrimination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General prohibitions against discrimination. 1214... ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY ACTION § 1214.130 General prohibitions against discrimination. (a) No qualified... benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity conducted by the...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.204 - Patent and data rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Patent and data rights. 1214.204 Section 1214.204 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement... under this subpart, i.e., experimental science or experimental applications missions for ESA, ESA member...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.1106 - Selection of astronaut candidates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Selection of astronaut candidates. 1214.1106 Section 1214.1106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA... be approved, as required, by JSC/ NASA management and the Associate Administrator for Space Flight...

  7. 14 CFR 1214.1104 - Evaluation and ranking of highly qualified candidates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Evaluation and ranking of highly qualified candidates. 1214.1104 Section 1214.1104 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1104 Evaluation and...

  8. 14 CFR 1214.1104 - Evaluation and ranking of highly qualified candidates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Evaluation and ranking of highly qualified candidates. 1214.1104 Section 1214.1104 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1104 Evaluation and...

  9. 14 CFR § 1214.810 - Integration of payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Integration of payloads. § 1214.810 Section § 1214.810 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT... performing the following typical Spacelab-payload mission management functions: (1) Analytical design of the...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.204 - Patent and data rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Patent and data rights. 1214.204 Section... Substantial Investment in the STS Program § 1214.204 Patent and data rights. (a) When accommodating missions under this subpart, i.e., experimental science or experimental applications missions for ESA, ESA member...

  11. 14 CFR 1214.204 - Patent and data rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Patent and data rights. 1214.204 Section... Substantial Investment in the STS Program § 1214.204 Patent and data rights. (a) When accommodating missions under this subpart, i.e., experimental science or experimental applications missions for ESA, ESA member...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.204 - Patent and data rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Patent and data rights. 1214.204 Section... Substantial Investment in the STS Program § 1214.204 Patent and data rights. (a) When accommodating missions under this subpart, i.e., experimental science or experimental applications missions for ESA, ESA member...

  13. 14 CFR § 1214.306 - Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Payload specialist relationship with sponsoring institutions. § 1214.306 Section § 1214.306 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Payload Specialists for Space Transportation System (STS) Missions § 1214.306 Payload...

  14. 40 CFR 721.10007 - Alcohols, C12-14-secondary, ethoxylated propoxylated.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Alcohols, C12-14-secondary... New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.10007 Alcohols, C12-14-secondary, ethoxylated... identified as alcohols, C12-14- secondary, ethoxylated propoxylated (PMN P-00-11; CAS No. 103331-86-8) is...

  15. 7 CFR 1214.86 - Separability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214...

  16. 7 CFR 1214.86 - Separability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214...

  17. 7 CFR 1214.87 - Amendments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.87 - Amendments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214...

  19. 7 CFR 1214.87 - Amendments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214...

  20. 7 CFR 1214.86 - Separability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.607 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Media and public inquiries. 1214.607... Aboard Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.607 Media and public inquiries. (a) Official Flight Kit. Information on the contents of OFK's will be routinely released to the media and to the public upon their request...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.607 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Media and public inquiries. 1214.607... Aboard Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.607 Media and public inquiries. (a) Official Flight Kit. Information on the contents of OFK's will be routinely released to the media and to the public upon their request...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.607 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Media and public inquiries. 1214.607... Aboard Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.607 Media and public inquiries. (a) Official Flight Kit. Information on the contents of OFK's will be routinely released to the media and to the public upon their request...

  4. 25 CFR 11.1214 - Relationship of this subpart to other remedies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Relationship of this subpart to other remedies. 11.1214 Section 11.1214 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER COURTS OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Child Protection and Domestic Violence Procedures § 11.1214...

  5. 25 CFR 11.1214 - Relationship of this subpart to other remedies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Relationship of this subpart to other remedies. 11.1214 Section 11.1214 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER COURTS OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Child Protection and Domestic Violence Procedures § 11.1214...

  6. 36 CFR 223.277 - Forest botanical products definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., transplants, tree sap, and wildflowers. Forest botanical products are not animals, animal parts, Christmas... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Forest botanical products definition. 223.277 Section 223.277 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

  7. 36 CFR 223.277 - Forest botanical products definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., transplants, tree sap, and wildflowers. Forest botanical products are not animals, animal parts, Christmas... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Forest botanical products definition. 223.277 Section 223.277 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

  8. 36 CFR 223.277 - Forest botanical products definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., transplants, tree sap, and wildflowers. Forest botanical products are not animals, animal parts, Christmas... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Forest botanical products definition. 223.277 Section 223.277 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

  9. Membrane curvature and the Tol-Pal complex determine polar localization of the chemoreceptor Tar in E. coli.

    PubMed

    Saaki, Terrens N V; Strahl, Henrik; Hamoen, Leendert W

    2018-02-20

    Chemoreceptors are localized at the cell poles of Escherichia coli and other rod-shaped bacteria. Over the years different mechanisms have been put forward to explain this polar localization; from stochastic clustering, membrane curvature driven localization, interactions with the Tol-Pal complex, to nucleoid exclusion. To evaluate these mechanisms, we monitored the cellular localization of the aspartate chemoreceptor Tar in different deletion mutants. We did not find any indication for either stochastic cluster formation or nucleoid exclusion. However, the presence of a functional Tol-Pal complex appeared to be essential to retain Tar at cell poles. Interestingly, Tar still accumulated at midcell in tol and in pal deletion mutants. In these mutants, the protein appears to gather at the base of division septa, a region characterised by strong membrane curvature. Chemoreceptors, like Tar, form trimer-of-dimers that bend the cell membrane due to a rigid tripod structure. The curvature approaches the curvature of the cell membrane generated during cell division, and localization of chemoreceptor tripods at curved membrane areas is therefore energetically favourable as it lowers membrane tension. Indeed, when we introduced mutations in Tar that abolish the rigid tripod structure, the protein was no longer able to accumulate at midcell or cell poles. These findings favour a model where chemoreceptor localization in E. coli is driven by strong membrane curvature and association with the Tol-Pal complex. Importance Bacteria have exquisite mechanisms to sense and to adapt to the environment they live in. One such mechanism involves the chemotaxis signal transduction pathway, in which chemoreceptors specifically bind certain attracting or repelling molecules and transduce the signals to the cell. In different rod-shaped bacteria, these chemoreceptors localize specifically to cell poles. Here, we examined the polar localization of the aspartate chemoreceptor Tar in E. coli

  10. 7 CFR 1214.21 - State.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.21...

  11. 7 CFR 1214.22 - Suspend.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.22...

  12. 7 CFR 1214.7 - Department.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.7...

  13. 7 CFR 1214.23 - Terminate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.23...

  14. 7 CFR 1214.7 - Department.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.7...

  15. 7 CFR 1214.14 - Person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.14...

  16. 7 CFR 1214.21 - State.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.21...

  17. 7 CFR 1214.7 - Department.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.7...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.14 - Person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.14...

  19. 7 CFR 1214.14 - Person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.14...

  20. 7 CFR 1214.12 - Order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.12...

  1. 7 CFR 1214.12 - Order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.12...

  2. 7 CFR 1214.22 - Suspend.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.22...

  3. 7 CFR 1214.12 - Order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.12...

  4. 7 CFR 1214.21 - State.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.21...

  5. 7 CFR 1214.23 - Terminate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.23...

  6. 7 CFR 1214.22 - Suspend.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.22...

  7. 7 CFR 1214.23 - Terminate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.23...

  8. 40 CFR 721.644 - Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, sulfonates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, sulfonates... Substances § 721.644 Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, sulfonates. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, sulfonates (PMN...

  9. 40 CFR 721.644 - Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, sulfonates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, sulfonates... Substances § 721.644 Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, sulfonates. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, sulfonates (PMN...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.607 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Media and public inquiries. 1214.607 Section... Aboard Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.607 Media and public inquiries. (a) Official Flight Kit. Information on the contents of OFK's will be routinely released to the media and to the public upon their request...

  11. 7 CFR 1214.1 - Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.1 Act. Act...

  12. 7 CFR 1214.1 - Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.1 Act. Act...

  13. 7 CFR 1214.1 - Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.1 Act. Act...

  14. 14 CFR § 1214.703 - Chain of command.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Chain of command. § 1214.703 Section Â... of the Space Shuttle Commander § 1214.703 Chain of command. (a) The Commander is a career NASA... the pilot on a particular flight and is second in command of the flight. If the commander is unable to...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.1101 - Announcement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1101 Announcement. (a) Astronaut candidate opportunities Will be... Opportunity Programs, NASA Headquarters, will provide assistance in the recruiting process. [54 FR 37940, Sept...

  16. Genome-wide target profiling of piggyBac and Tol2 in HEK 293: pros and cons for gene discovery and gene therapy

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background DNA transposons have emerged as indispensible tools for manipulating vertebrate genomes with applications ranging from insertional mutagenesis and transgenesis to gene therapy. To fully explore the potential of two highly active DNA transposons, piggyBac and Tol2, as mammalian genetic tools, we have conducted a side-by-side comparison of the two transposon systems in the same setting to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages for use in gene therapy and gene discovery. Results We have observed that (1) the Tol2 transposase (but not piggyBac) is highly sensitive to molecular engineering; (2) the piggyBac donor with only the 40 bp 3'-and 67 bp 5'-terminal repeat domain is sufficient for effective transposition; and (3) a small amount of piggyBac transposases results in robust transposition suggesting the piggyBac transpospase is highly active. Performing genome-wide target profiling on data sets obtained by retrieving chromosomal targeting sequences from individual clones, we have identified several piggyBac and Tol2 hotspots and observed that (4) piggyBac and Tol2 display a clear difference in targeting preferences in the human genome. Finally, we have observed that (5) only sites with a particular sequence context can be targeted by either piggyBac or Tol2. Conclusions The non-overlapping targeting preference of piggyBac and Tol2 makes them complementary research tools for manipulating mammalian genomes. PiggyBac is the most promising transposon-based vector system for achieving site-specific targeting of therapeutic genes due to the flexibility of its transposase for being molecularly engineered. Insights from this study will provide a basis for engineering piggyBac transposases to achieve site-specific therapeutic gene targeting. PMID:21447194

  17. 14 CFR 1214.702 - Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander. 1214.702 Section 1214.702 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space Shuttle Commander § 1214.702 Authority and responsibility...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.702 - Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander. 1214.702 Section 1214.702 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space Shuttle Commander § 1214.702 Authority and responsibility...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.702 - Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander. 1214.702 Section 1214.702 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space Shuttle Commander § 1214.702 Authority and responsibility...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.702 - Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander. 1214.702 Section 1214.702 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space Shuttle Commander § 1214.702 Authority and responsibility...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.1700 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... § 1214.1700 Scope. This subpart establishes NASA policy and selection procedures for accommodation of space flight participants aboard flights of the Space Shuttle. [56 FR 47148, Sept. 18, 1991] ...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.1700 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... § 1214.1700 Scope. This subpart establishes NASA policy and selection procedures for accommodation of space flight participants aboard flights of the Space Shuttle. [56 FR 47148, Sept. 18, 1991] ...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.1700 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... § 1214.1700 Scope. This subpart establishes NASA policy and selection procedures for accommodation of space flight participants aboard flights of the Space Shuttle. [56 FR 47148, Sept. 18, 1991] ...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.1700 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... § 1214.1700 Scope. This subpart establishes NASA policy and selection procedures for accommodation of space flight participants aboard flights of the Space Shuttle. [56 FR 47148, Sept. 18, 1991] ...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.1705 - Selection of space flight participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... persons or missions. (4) Adaptability to living and working in space. (5) Willingness to enter into an... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Selection of space flight participants. 1214.1705 Section 1214.1705 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.1705 - Selection of space flight participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... persons or missions. (4) Adaptability to living and working in space. (5) Willingness to enter into an... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Selection of space flight participants. 1214.1705 Section 1214.1705 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE...

  7. 14 CFR § 1214.103 - Reimbursement for standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reimbursement for standard services. § 1214.103 Section § 1214.103 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government...

  8. Tol1, a fission yeast phosphomonoesterase, is an in vivo target of lithium, and its deletion leads to sulfite auxotrophy.

    PubMed

    Miyamoto, R; Sugiura, R; Kamitani, S; Yada, T; Lu, Y; Sio, S O; Asakura, M; Matsuhisa, A; Shuntoh, H; Kuno, T

    2000-07-01

    Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder. The identification of an in vivo target of lithium in fission yeast as a model organism may help in the understanding of lithium therapy. For this purpose, we have isolated genes whose overexpression improved cell growth under high LiCl concentrations. Overexpression of tol1(+), one of the isolated genes, increased the tolerance of wild-type yeast cells for LiCl but not for NaCl. tol1(+) encodes a member of the lithium-sensitive phosphomonoesterase protein family, and it exerts dual enzymatic activities, 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. tol1(+) gene-disrupted cells required high concentrations of sulfite in the medium for growth. Consistently, sulfite repressed the sulfate assimilation pathway in fission yeast. However, tol1(+) gene-disrupted cells could not fully recover from their growth defect and abnormal morphology even when the medium was supplemented with sulfite, suggesting the possible implication of inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase activity for cell growth and morphology. Given the remarkable functional conservation of the lithium-sensitive dual-specificity phosphomonoesterase between fission yeast and higher-eukaryotic cells during evolution, it may represent a likely in vivo target of lithium action across many species.

  9. Structure of the MacAB-TolC ABC-type tripartite multidrug efflux pump

    PubMed Central

    Llabrés, Salomé; Neuberger, Arthur; Blaza, James N.; Bai, Xiao-chen; Okada, Ui; Murakami, Satoshi; van Veen, Hendrik W.; Zachariae, Ulrich; Scheres, Sjors H.W.; Luisi, Ben F.

    2017-01-01

    The MacA-MacB-TolC assembly of Escherichia coli is a transmembrane machine that spans the cell envelope and actively extrudes substrates, including macrolide antibiotics and polypeptide virulence factors. These transport processes are energized by the ATPase MacB, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. We present an electron cryo-microscopy structure of the ABC-type tripartite assembly at near-atomic resolution. A hexamer of the periplasmic protein MacA bridges between a TolC trimer in the outer membrane and a MacB dimer in the inner membrane, generating a quaternary structure with a central channel for substrate translocation. A gating ring found in MacA is proposed to act as a one-way valve in substrate transport. The MacB structure features an atypical transmembrane domain (TMD) with a closely packed dimer interface and a periplasmic opening that is the likely portal for substrate entry from the periplasm, with subsequent displacement through an allosteric transport mechanism. PMID:28504659

  10. Role of ATP binding and hydrolysis in assembly of MacAB-TolC macrolide transporter

    PubMed Central

    Lu, Shuo; Zgurskaya, Helen I.

    2012-01-01

    Summary MacB is a founding member of the Macrolide Exporter family of transporters belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette superfamily. These proteins are broadly represented in genomes of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and are implicated in virulence and protection against antibiotics and peptide toxins. MacB transporter functions together with MacA, a periplasmic membrane fusion protein, which stimulates MacB ATPase. In gram-negative bacteria, MacA is believed to couple ATP hydrolysis to transport of substrates across the outer membrane through a TolC-like channel. In this study, we report a real-time analysis of concurrent ATP hydrolysis and assembly of MacAB-TolC complex. MacB binds nucleotides with a low millimolar affinity and fast on- and off-rates. In contrast, MacA-MacB complex is formed with a nanomolar affinity, which further increases in the presence of ATP. Our results strongly suggest that association between MacA and MacB is stimulated by ATP binding to MacB but remains unchanged during ATP hydrolysis cycle. We also found that the large periplasmic loop of MacB plays the major role in coupling reactions separated in two different membranes. This loop is required for MacA-dependent stimulation of MacB ATPase and at the same time, contributes to recruitment of TolC into a trans-envelope complex. PMID:23057817

  11. 14 CFR Appendix A to Subpart 1214... - Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed A Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214—Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed Total Operating Costs...

  12. 14 CFR Appendix A to Subpart 1214... - Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed A Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214—Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed Total Operating Costs...

  13. 14 CFR Appendix A to Subpart 1214... - Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed A Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214—Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed Total Operating Costs...

  14. 14 CFR Appendix A to Subpart 1214... - Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed A Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214—Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed Total Operating Costs...

  15. 14 CFR Appendix A to Subpart 1214... - Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed A Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... Appendix A to Subpart 1214.2 of Part 1214—Costs for Which NASA Shall Be Reimbursed Total Operating Costs...

  16. 7 CFR 277.12 - Retention and custody of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Retention and custody of records. 277.12 Section 277.12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE... records, supporting documents, statistical records, negotiated contracts, and all other records pertinent...

  17. 14 CFR § 1214.204 - Patent and data rights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Patent and data rights. § 1214.204 Section... Substantial Investment in the STS Program § 1214.204 Patent and data rights. (a) When accommodating missions under this subpart, i.e., experimental science or experimental applications missions for ESA, ESA member...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.205 - Revisit and/or retrieval services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revisit and/or retrieval services. 1214.205... Reimbursement for Shuttle Services Provided to Civil U.S. Government Users and Foreign Users Who Have Made Substantial Investment in the STS Program § 1214.205 Revisit and/or retrieval services. These services will be...

  19. 7 CFR 277.6 - Standards for financial management systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Standards for financial management systems. 277.6... ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.6 Standards for financial management systems. (a) General. This section prescribes standards for financial management systems in administering program funds by the State...

  20. 7 CFR 277.6 - Standards for financial management systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Standards for financial management systems. 277.6... ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.6 Standards for financial management systems. (a) General. This section prescribes standards for financial management systems in administering program funds by the State...

  1. Atmospheric Circulation and Composition of GJ1214b

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Menou, Kristen

    2012-01-01

    The exoplanet GJ1214b presents an interesting example of compositional degeneracy for low-mass planets. Its atmosphere may be composed of water, super-solar or solar metallicity material. We present atmospheric circulation models of GJ1214b for these three compositions, with explicit gray radiative transfer and an optional treatment of MHD bottom drag. All models develop strong, superrotating zonal winds (~1-2 km s-1). The degree of eastward heat advection, which can be inferred from secondary eclipse and thermal phase curve measurements, varies greatly between the models. These differences are understood as resulting from variations in the radiative times at the thermal photosphere, caused by separate molecular weight and opacity effects. Our GJ1214b models illustrate how atmospheric circulation can be used as a probe of composition for similar tidally locked exoplanets in the mini-Neptune/waterworld class.

  2. 47 CFR 80.277 - Ship Security Alert System (SSAS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). 80.277... SERVICES STATIONS IN THE MARITIME SERVICES Equipment Authorization for Compulsory Ships § 80.277 Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). (a) Vessels equipped with a Ship Security Alert System pursuant to the Safety...

  3. 7 CFR 277.12 - Retention and custody of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Retention and custody of records. 277.12 Section 277.12 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE... to program funds shall be maintained for three years from the date of submission of the annual...

  4. 47 CFR 80.277 - Ship Security Alert System (SSAS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). 80.277... SERVICES STATIONS IN THE MARITIME SERVICES Equipment Authorization for Compulsory Ships § 80.277 Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). (a) Vessels equipped with a Ship Security Alert System pursuant to the Safety...

  5. 47 CFR 80.277 - Ship Security Alert System (SSAS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). 80.277... SERVICES STATIONS IN THE MARITIME SERVICES Equipment Authorization for Compulsory Ships § 80.277 Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). (a) Vessels equipped with a Ship Security Alert System pursuant to the Safety...

  6. 47 CFR 80.277 - Ship Security Alert System (SSAS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). 80.277... SERVICES STATIONS IN THE MARITIME SERVICES Equipment Authorization for Compulsory Ships § 80.277 Ship Security Alert System (SSAS). (a) Vessels equipped with a Ship Security Alert System pursuant to the Safety...

  7. 14 CFR § 1214.607 - Media and public inquiries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Media and public inquiries. § 1214.607... Mementos Aboard Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.607 Media and public inquiries. (a) Official Flight Kit. Information on the contents of OFK's will be routinely released to the media and to the public upon their...

  8. Inhibition of GABA-gated chloride channels by 12,14-dichlorodehydroabietic acid in mammalian brain.

    PubMed

    Nicholson, R A; Lees, G; Zheng, J; Verdon, B

    1999-03-01

    1. 12,14-dichlorodehydroabietic acid (12,14-Cl2DHA) reduced GABA-stimulated uptake of 36Cl- into mouse brain synaptoneurosomes suggesting inhibition of mammalian GABA(A) receptor function. 2. 12,14-Cl2DHA did not affect the binding of [3H]-muscimol to brain membranes but displaced specifically bound [3H]-EBOB. The inhibitory effect on [3H]-EBOB binding was not reversible. 12,14-Cl2DHA reduced the availability of [3H]-EBOB binding sites (Bmax) without changing the KD of the radioligand for remaining sites. 12,14-Cl2DHA did not affect the rate of association of [3H]-EBOB with its chloride channel receptor, but increased the initial rate of [3H]-EBOB dissociation. 3. 12,14-Cl2DHA enhanced the incidence of EPSCs when rapidly applied to cultured rat cortical neurones. Longer exposures produced block of IPSCs with marked increases in the frequency of EPSCs and min EPSCs. 12,14-Cl2DHA also irreversibly suppressed chloride currents evoked by pulses of exogenous GABA in these cells. 4. Ultimately, 12,14-Cl2DHA inhibited all synaptic traffic and action currents in current clamped cells indicating that, in contrast to picrotoxinin (which causes paroxysmal bursting), it is not fully selective for the GABA(A) receptor-chloride channel complex. 5. The depolarizing block seen with 12,14-Cl2DHA in amphotericin-perforated preparations implicates loss of Ca2+ buffering in the polarity change and this may account for inhibition of spontaneous action potentials. 6. Our investigation demonstrates that 12,14-Cl2DHA blocks GABA-dependent chloride entry in mammalian brain and operates as a non-competitive insurmountable GABA(A) antagonist. The mechanism likely involves either irreversible binding of 12,14-Cl2DHA to the trioxabicyclooctane recognition site or a site that is allosterically coupled to it. We cannot exclude, however, the possibility that 12,14-Cl2DHA causes localized proteolysis or more extensive conformational change within a critical subunit of the chloride channel.

  9. Inhibition of GABA-gated chloride channels by 12,14-dichlorodehydroabietic acid in mammalian brain

    PubMed Central

    Nicholson, Russell A; Lees, George; Zheng, Jian; Verdon, Bernard

    1999-01-01

    12,14-dichlorodehydroabietic acid (12,14-Cl2DHA) reduced GABA-stimulated uptake of 36Cl− into mouse brain synaptoneurosomes suggesting inhibition of mammalian GABAA receptor function. 12,14-Cl2DHA did not affect the binding of [3H]-muscimol to brain membranes but displaced specifically bound [3H]-EBOB. The inhibitory effect on [3H]-EBOB binding was not reversible. 12,14-Cl2DHA reduced the availability of [3H]-EBOB binding sites (Bmax) without changing the KD of the radioligand for remaining sites. 12,14-Cl2DHA did not affect the rate of association of [3H]-EBOB with its chloride channel receptor, but increased the initial rate of [3H]-EBOB dissociation. 12,14-Cl2DHA enhanced the incidence of EPSCs when rapidly applied to cultured rat cortical neurones. Longer exposures produced block of IPSCs with marked increases in the frequency of EPSCs and min EPSCs. 12,14-Cl2DHA also irreversibly suppressed chloride currents evoked by pulses of exogenous GABA in these cells. Ultimately, 12,14-Cl2DHA inhibited all synaptic traffic and action currents in current clamped cells indicating that, in contrast to picrotoxinin (which causes paroxysmal bursting), it is not fully selective for the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex. The depolarizing block seen with 12,14-Cl2DHA in amphotericin-perforated preparations implicates loss of Ca2+ buffering in the polarity change and this may account for inhibition of spontaneous action potentials. Our investigation demonstrates that 12,14-Cl2DHA blocks GABA-dependent chloride entry in mammalian brain and operates as a non-competitive insurmountable GABAA antagonist. The mechanism likely involves either irreversible binding of 12,14-Cl2DHA to the trioxabicyclooctane recognition site or a site that is allosterically coupled to it. We cannot exclude, however, the possibility that 12,14-Cl2DHA causes localized proteolysis or more extensive conformational change within a critical subunit of the chloride channel. PMID:10204999

  10. 28 CFR 115.277 - Corrective action for contractors and volunteers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... volunteers. 115.277 Section 115.277 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PRISON RAPE... Corrective action for contractors and volunteers. (a) Any contractor or volunteer who engages in sexual abuse... contractor or volunteer. ...

  11. 28 CFR 115.277 - Corrective action for contractors and volunteers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... volunteers. 115.277 Section 115.277 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PRISON RAPE... Corrective action for contractors and volunteers. (a) Any contractor or volunteer who engages in sexual abuse... contractor or volunteer. ...

  12. 28 CFR 115.277 - Corrective action for contractors and volunteers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... volunteers. 115.277 Section 115.277 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PRISON RAPE... Corrective action for contractors and volunteers. (a) Any contractor or volunteer who engages in sexual abuse... contractor or volunteer. ...

  13. 7 CFR 1214.8 - Fiscal period.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.8...

  14. 7 CFR 1214.5 - Crop year.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.5...

  15. 7 CFR 1214.5 - Crop year.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.5...

  16. 7 CFR 1214.5 - Crop year.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.5...

  17. 7 CFR 1214.8 - Fiscal period.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.8...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.8 - Fiscal period.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.8...

  19. Computer simulations suggest direct and stable tip to tip interaction between the outer membrane channel TolC and the isolated docking domain of the multidrug RND efflux transporter AcrB.

    PubMed

    Schmidt, Thomas H; Raunest, Martin; Fischer, Nadine; Reith, Dirk; Kandt, Christian

    2016-07-01

    One way by which bacteria achieve antibiotics resistance is preventing drug access to its target molecule for example through an overproduction of multi-drug efflux pumps of the resistance nodulation division (RND) protein super family of which AcrAB-TolC in Escherichia coli is a prominent example. Although representing one of the best studied efflux systems, the question of how AcrB and TolC interact is still unclear as the available experimental data suggest that either both proteins interact in a tip to tip manner or do not interact at all but are instead connected by a hexamer of AcrA molecules. Addressing the question of TolC-AcrB interaction, we performed a series of 100 ns - 1 µs-molecular dynamics simulations of membrane-embedded TolC in presence of the isolated AcrB docking domain (AcrB(DD)). In 5/6 simulations we observe direct TolC-AcrB(DD) interaction that is only stable on the simulated time scale when both proteins engage in a tip to tip manner. At the same time we find TolC opening and closing freely on extracellular side while remaining closed at the inner periplasmic bottleneck region, suggesting that either the simulated time is too short or additional components are required to unlock TolC. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. 7 CFR 277.3 - Budgets and budget revision procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Budgets and budget revision procedures. 277.3 Section... OF STATE AGENCIES § 277.3 Budgets and budget revision procedures. The preparation, content, submittal, and revision requirements for the State Food Stamp Program Budget shall be as specified in § 272.2...

  1. 14 CFR 21.277 - Data review and service experience.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Data review and service experience. 21.277....277 Data review and service experience. (a) If the Administrator finds that a product for which a type... unsafe feature or characteristic caused by a defect in design or manufacture exists, the manufacturer...

  2. 14 CFR 21.277 - Data review and service experience.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Data review and service experience. 21.277....277 Data review and service experience. (a) If the Administrator finds that a product for which a type... unsafe feature or characteristic caused by a defect in design or manufacture exists, the manufacturer...

  3. 14 CFR § 1214.702 - Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Authority and responsibility of the Space Shuttle commander. § 1214.702 Section § 1214.702 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT The Authority of the Space Shuttle Commander § 1214.702 Authority and responsibility...

  4. Tol2 transposon-mediated transgenesis in Xenopus tropicalis.

    PubMed

    Hamlet, Michelle R Johnson; Yergeau, Donald A; Kuliyev, Emin; Takeda, Masatoshi; Taira, Masanori; Kawakami, Koichi; Mead, Paul E

    2006-09-01

    The diploid frog Xenopus tropicalis is becoming a powerful developmental genetic model system. Sequencing of the X. tropicalis genome is nearing completion and several labs are embarking on mutagenesis screens. We are interested in developing insertional mutagenesis strategies in X. tropicalis. Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis, once used exclusively in plants and invertebrate systems, is now more widely applicable to vertebrates. The first step in developing transposons as tools for mutagenesis is to demonstrate that these mobile elements function efficiently in the target organism. Here, we show that the Medaka fish transposon, Tol2, is able to stably integrate into the X. tropicalis genome and will serve as a powerful tool for insertional mutagenesis strategies in the frog.

  5. The environment of young massive clusters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vanzi, L.; Sauvage, M.

    2006-06-01

    We observed a sample of Blue Dwarf Galaxies in the Ks (2.2 μm) and Lα (3.7 μm) IR bands at the ESO VLT with ISAAC. The purpose of the observations was to study the population of young massive clusters and the conditions under which they are formed. The sample galaxies included: Tol 1924-416, Tol 35, Pox 36, UM 462, He 2-10, II Zw 40, Tol 3, NGC 1705, NGC 5408, IC 4662, NGC 5253. They were selected to have evidence for star formation and firm detection by IRAS. All galaxies observed turned to be very rich of young massive clusters in Ks. Only few clusters, about 8%, showed counterparts in Lα. Most L' sources can be associated to radio thermal sources, with the only exception of the NGC 1705's one. For two galaxies, NGC 5408 and IC 4662, we derived the cluster luminosity functions finding them consistent with a power law of index about -2. We compared the numbers and luminosities of the clusters with the star formation rate of the host galaxy and could not find any evidence of a relation.

  6. 7 CFR 1214.81 - Referenda.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214... trees: (1) The first referendum shall be conducted not later than 3 years after assessments first begin...

  7. 7 CFR 1214.81 - Referenda.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214... trees: (1) The first referendum shall be conducted not later than 3 years after assessments first begin...

  8. 7 CFR 1214.81 - Referenda.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1214... trees: (1) The first referendum shall be conducted not later than 3 years after assessments first begin...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.502 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission Critical Space System Personnel Reliability Program § 1214.502 Definitions. (a) Mission Critical Space Systems. The Space Shuttle and other critical space systems, including Space Station Freedom, designated Expendable Launch...

  10. Search For Cosmic-Ray-Induced Gamma-Ray Emission In Galaxy Clusters

    DOE PAGES

    Ackermann, M.

    2014-04-30

    Current theories predict relativistic hadronic particle populations in clusters of galaxies in addition to the already observed relativistic leptons. In these scenarios hadronic interactions give rise to neutral pions which decay into rays that are potentially observable with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi space telescope. We present a joint likelihood analysis searching for spatially extended γ-ray emission at the locations of 50 galaxy clusters in 4 years of Fermi-LAT data under the assumption of the universal cosmic-ray model proposed by Pinzke & Pfrommer (2010). We find an excess at a significance of 2.7 σ which uponmore » closer inspection is however correlated to individual excess emission towards three galaxy clusters: Abell 400, Abell 1367 and Abell 3112. We discuss these cases in detail and conservatively attribute the emission to unmodeled background (for example, radio galaxies within the clusters). Through the combined analysis of 50 clusters we exclude hadronic injection efficiencies in simple hadronic models above 21% and establish limits on the cosmic-ray to thermal pressure ratio within the virial radius, R200, to be below 1.2-1.4% depending on the morphological classification. In addition we derive new limits on the γ-ray flux from individual clusters in our sample.« less

  11. Integration of molecular dynamics simulation and hotspot residues grafting for de novo scFv design against Salmonella Typhi TolC protein.

    PubMed

    Leong, Siew Wen; Lim, Theam Soon; Ismail, Asma; Choong, Yee Siew

    2018-05-01

    With the development of de novo binders for protein targets from non-related scaffolds, many possibilities for therapeutics and diagnostics have been created. In this study, we described the use of de novo design approach to create single-chain fragment variable (scFv) for Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi TolC protein. Typhoid fever is a global health concern in developing and underdeveloped countries. Rapid typhoid diagnostics will improve disease management and therapy. In this work, molecular dynamics simulation was first performed on a homology model of TolC protein in POPE membrane bilayer to obtain the central structure that was subsequently used as the target for scFv design. Potential hotspot residues capable of anchoring the binders to the target were identified by docking "disembodied" amino acid residues against TolC surface. Next, scFv scaffolds were selected from Protein Data Bank to harbor the computed hotspot residues. The hotspot residues were then incorporated into the scFv scaffold complementarity determining regions. The designs recapitulated binding energy, shape complementarity, and interface surface area of natural protein-antibody interfaces. This approach has yielded 5 designs with high binding affinity against TolC that may be beneficial for the future development of antigen-based detection agents for typhoid diagnostics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  12. 7 CFR 1214.17 - Producer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.17 Producer. Producer means any person who is engaged in the production of Christmas trees in the United...

  13. 7 CFR 1214.18 - Promotion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.18... favorable image of Christmas trees to the general public with the intent of improving the perception and...

  14. 7 CFR 1214.17 - Producer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.17 Producer. Producer means any person who is engaged in the production of Christmas trees in the United...

  15. 7 CFR 1214.16 - Produce.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.16 Produce. Produce means to engage in the cutting and selling of Christmas trees for the holiday market. ...

  16. 7 CFR 1214.17 - Producer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.17 Producer. Producer means any person who is engaged in the production of Christmas trees in the United...

  17. 7 CFR 1214.16 - Produce.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.16 Produce. Produce means to engage in the cutting and selling of Christmas trees for the holiday market. ...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.16 - Produce.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.16 Produce. Produce means to engage in the cutting and selling of Christmas trees for the holiday market. ...

  19. 7 CFR 1214.9 - Importer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.9 Importer. Importer means any person importing Christmas trees into the United States in a fiscal period as...

  20. 7 CFR 1214.18 - Promotion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.18... favorable image of Christmas trees to the general public with the intent of improving the perception and...

  1. 7 CFR 1214.9 - Importer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.9 Importer. Importer means any person importing Christmas trees into the United States in a fiscal period as...

  2. 7 CFR 1214.9 - Importer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.9 Importer. Importer means any person importing Christmas trees into the United States in a fiscal period as...

  3. 7 CFR 1214.18 - Promotion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.18... favorable image of Christmas trees to the general public with the intent of improving the perception and...

  4. The AcrAB-TolC pump is involved in macrolide resistance but not in telithromycin efflux in Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli.

    PubMed

    Chollet, Renaud; Chevalier, Jacqueline; Bryskier, André; Pagès, Jean-Marie

    2004-09-01

    The role of the AcrAB-TolC pump in macrolide and ketolide susceptibility in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes was studied. Efflux pump inhibitor restored erythromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin susceptibilities to multidrug-resistant isolates. No modification of telithromycin accumulation was detected in E. aerogenes acrAB or tolC derivatives compared to that in the parental strain. Two independent efflux pumps, inhibited by phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide, expel macrolides and telithromycin in E. aerogenes.

  5. 14 CFR 1214.1105 - Final ranking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1105 Final ranking. Final rankings will be based on a combination of the selection board's initial evaluations and the results of the interview process. Veteran's...

  6. 14 CFR § 1214.1700 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... § 1214.1700 Scope. This subpart establishes NASA policy and selection procedures for accommodation of space flight participants aboard flights of the Space Shuttle. [56 FR 47148, Sept. 18, 1991] ...

  7. 21 CFR 556.277 - Fenprostalene.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS TOLERANCES FOR RESIDUES OF NEW ANIMAL DRUGS IN FOOD Specific Tolerances for Residues of New Animal Drugs § 556.277 Fenprostalene. A tolerance for marker residue of fenprostalene in... in this section “tolerance” refers to a concentration of a marker residue in the target tissue...

  8. 21 CFR 556.277 - Fenprostalene.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ..., FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS TOLERANCES FOR RESIDUES OF NEW ANIMAL DRUGS IN FOOD Specific Tolerances for Residues of New Animal Drugs § 556.277 Fenprostalene. A tolerance for marker residue of fenprostalene in... in this section “tolerance” refers to a concentration of a marker residue in the target tissue...

  9. 21 CFR 556.277 - Fenprostalene.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS TOLERANCES FOR RESIDUES OF NEW ANIMAL DRUGS IN FOOD Specific Tolerances for Residues of New Animal Drugs § 556.277 Fenprostalene. A tolerance for marker residue of fenprostalene in... in this section “tolerance” refers to a concentration of a marker residue in the target tissue...

  10. 21 CFR 556.277 - Fenprostalene.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS TOLERANCES FOR RESIDUES OF NEW ANIMAL DRUGS IN FOOD Specific Tolerances for Residues of New Animal Drugs § 556.277 Fenprostalene. A tolerance for marker residue of fenprostalene in... in this section “tolerance” refers to a concentration of a marker residue in the target tissue...

  11. 21 CFR 556.277 - Fenprostalene.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS TOLERANCES FOR RESIDUES OF NEW ANIMAL DRUGS IN FOOD Specific Tolerances for Residues of New Animal Drugs § 556.277 Fenprostalene. A tolerance for marker residue of fenprostalene in... in this section “tolerance” refers to a concentration of a marker residue in the target tissue...

  12. 12 CFR 1214.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS AVAILABILITY OF NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION § 1214.1 Definitions. Confidential supervisory information means information prepared or received by FHFA that meets all of the following criteria: (1) The information is not a document prepared by a regulated...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.207 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle... the STS Program § 1214.207 Responsibilities. (a) Headquarters officials. (1) The NASA Comptroller, in... the NASA Issuance System, and (ii) Review and arrange for the billing of users. (2) The Associate...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.1703 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... § 1214.1703 Definitions. (a) Space flight participants. All persons whose presence aboard a Space Shuttle... Evaluation Committee, established in NASA Headquarters for the purpose of directing and administering the program for space flight participants. The Committee consists of the following NASA Headquarters officials...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.207 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle... the STS Program § 1214.207 Responsibilities. (a) Headquarters officials. (1) The NASA Comptroller, in... the NASA Issuance System, and (ii) Review and arrange for the billing of users. (2) The Associate...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.1703 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... § 1214.1703 Definitions. (a) Space flight participants. All persons whose presence aboard a Space Shuttle... Evaluation Committee, established in NASA Headquarters for the purpose of directing and administering the program for space flight participants. The Committee consists of the following NASA Headquarters officials...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.1703 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... § 1214.1703 Definitions. (a) Space flight participants. All persons whose presence aboard a Space Shuttle... Evaluation Committee, established in NASA Headquarters for the purpose of directing and administering the program for space flight participants. The Committee consists of the following NASA Headquarters officials...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.1703 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... § 1214.1703 Definitions. (a) Space flight participants. All persons whose presence aboard a Space Shuttle... Evaluation Committee, established in NASA Headquarters for the purpose of directing and administering the program for space flight participants. The Committee consists of the following NASA Headquarters officials...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.207 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle... the STS Program § 1214.207 Responsibilities. (a) Headquarters officials. (1) The NASA Comptroller, in... the NASA Issuance System, and (ii) Review and arrange for the billing of users. (2) The Associate...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.207 - Responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Reimbursement for Shuttle... the STS Program § 1214.207 Responsibilities. (a) Headquarters officials. (1) The NASA Comptroller, in... the NASA Issuance System, and (ii) Review and arrange for the billing of users. (2) The Associate...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.807 - Exceptional payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Spacelab Services § 1214.807 Exceptional payloads. Customers whose payloads qualify under the NASA Exceptional Program Selection Process shall reimburse NASA for Spacelab and Shuttle services on the basis indicated in the Shuttle policy. ...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.807 - Exceptional payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Spacelab Services § 1214.807 Exceptional payloads. Customers whose payloads qualify under the NASA Exceptional Program Selection Process shall reimburse NASA for Spacelab and Shuttle services on the basis indicated in the Shuttle policy. ...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.807 - Exceptional payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Spacelab Services § 1214.807 Exceptional payloads. Customers whose payloads qualify under the NASA Exceptional Program Selection Process shall reimburse NASA for Spacelab and Shuttle services on the basis indicated in the Shuttle policy. ...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.807 - Exceptional payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Spacelab Services § 1214.807 Exceptional payloads. Customers whose payloads qualify under the NASA Exceptional Program Selection Process shall reimburse NASA for Spacelab and Shuttle services on the basis indicated in the Shuttle policy. ...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.608 - Safety requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.608 Safety requirements. The contents of OFK's and PPK's must meet the requirements set forth in NASA Handbook 1700.7, “Safety Policy and Requirements for Payloads Using the Space...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.608 - Safety requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.608 Safety requirements. The contents of OFK's and PPK's must meet the requirements set forth in NASA Handbook 1700.7, “Safety Policy and Requirements for Payloads Using the Space...

  7. Escherichia coli FtsH (HflB) degrades a membrane-associated TolAI-II-beta-lactamase fusion protein under highly denaturing conditions.

    PubMed

    Cooper, K W; Baneyx, F

    2001-03-01

    TolAI--II--beta-lactamase, a fusion protein consisting of the inner membrane and transperiplasmic domains of TolA followed by TEM--beta-lactamase associated with the inner membrane but remained confined to the cytoplasm when expressed at high level in Escherichia coli. Although the fusion protein was resistant to proteolysis in vivo, it was hydrolyzed during preparative SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and when insoluble cellular fractions unfolded with 5 M urea were subjected to microdialysis. Inhibitor profiling studies revealed that both a metallo- and serine protease were involved in TolAI--II--beta-lactamase degradation under denaturing conditions. The in vitro degradation rates of the fusion protein were not affected when insoluble fractions were harvested from a strain lacking protease IV, but were significantly reduced when microdialysis experiments were conducted with material isolated from an isogenic ftsH1 mutant. Adenine nucleotides were not required for degradation, and ATP supplementation did not accelerate the apparent rate of TolAI--II--beta-lactamase hydrolysis under denaturing conditions. Our results indicate that the metalloprotease active site of FtsH remains functional in the presence of 3--5 M urea and suggest that the ATPase and proteolytic activities of FtsH can be uncoupled if the substrate is sufficiently unstructured. Thus, a key role of the FtsH AAA module appears to be the net unfolding of bound substrates so that they can be efficiently engaged by the protease active site. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

  8. 14 CFR 1214.109 - Scheduling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.109 Scheduling. (a) Establishment of a launch date. (1) NASA will assign a tentative launch date for a payload only after NASA's receipt, review and acceptance of a customer-submitted NASA Form 1628 requesting flight...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.110 - Reflight.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.110 Reflight. (a) NASA will provide a reflight of a customer's payload under conditions defined in the launch agreement. The standard flight price for reflights will be based on NASA's marginal cost as defined in...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.109 - Scheduling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.109 Scheduling. (a) Establishment of a launch date. (1) NASA will assign a tentative launch date for a payload only after NASA's receipt, review and acceptance of a customer-submitted NASA Form 1628 requesting flight...

  11. 14 CFR 1214.109 - Scheduling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.109 Scheduling. (a) Establishment of a launch date. (1) NASA will assign a tentative launch date for a payload only after NASA's receipt, review and acceptance of a customer-submitted NASA Form 1628 requesting flight...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.110 - Reflight.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.110 Reflight. (a) NASA will provide a reflight of a customer's payload under conditions defined in the launch agreement. The standard flight price for reflights will be based on NASA's marginal cost as defined in...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.110 - Reflight.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.110 Reflight. (a) NASA will provide a reflight of a customer's payload under conditions defined in the launch agreement. The standard flight price for reflights will be based on NASA's marginal cost as defined in...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.109 - Scheduling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.109 Scheduling. (a) Establishment of a launch date. (1) NASA will assign a tentative launch date for a payload only after NASA's receipt, review and acceptance of a customer-submitted NASA Form 1628 requesting flight...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.110 - Reflight.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.110 Reflight. (a) NASA will provide a reflight of a customer's payload under conditions defined in the launch agreement. The standard flight price for reflights will be based on NASA's marginal cost as defined in...

  16. 7 CFR 1214.6 - Customs or CBP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.6...

  17. 7 CFR 1214.6 - Customs or CBP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.6...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.6 - Customs or CBP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.6...

  19. Breeding based remobilization of Tol2 transposon in Xenopus tropicalis.

    PubMed

    Lane, Maura A; Kimber, Megan; Khokha, Mustafa K

    2013-01-01

    Xenopus is a powerful model for studying a diverse array of biological processes. However, despite multiple methods for transgenesis, relatively few transgenic reporter lines are available and commonly used. Previous work has demonstrated that transposon based strategies are effective for generating transgenic lines in both invertebrate and vertebrate systems. Here we show that the Tol2 transposon can be remobilized in the genome of X. tropicalis and passed through the germline via a simple breeding strategy of crossing transposase expressing and transposon lines. This remobilization system provides another tool to exploit transgenesis and opens new opportunities for gene trap and enhancer trap strategies.

  20. 45 CFR 1214.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... physical or mental impairment that does not substantially limit major life activities but is treated by the... ENFORCEMENT OF NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY ACTION § 1214... skills to have an equal opportunity to participate in, and enjoy the benefits of, programs or activities...

  1. 40 CFR 61.277 - Delegation of authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.277 Delegation of authority. (a) In delegating implementation and...

  2. 40 CFR 61.277 - Delegation of authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.277 Delegation of authority. (a) In delegating implementation and...

  3. 40 CFR 61.277 - Delegation of authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.277 Delegation of authority. (a) In delegating implementation and...

  4. 40 CFR 61.277 - Delegation of authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.277 Delegation of authority. (a) In delegating implementation and...

  5. 40 CFR 61.277 - Delegation of authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.277 Delegation of authority. (a) In delegating implementation and...

  6. 7 CFR 1214.45 - Compensation and reimbursement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Christmas Tree Promotion Board § 1214.45 Compensation and reimbursement. The members of the Board...

  7. 7 CFR 1214.45 - Compensation and reimbursement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Christmas Tree Promotion Board § 1214.45 Compensation and reimbursement. The members of the Board...

  8. 7 CFR 1214.45 - Compensation and reimbursement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Christmas Tree Promotion Board § 1214.45 Compensation and reimbursement. The members of the Board...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.107 - Postponement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.107...) A customer postponing the flight of a payload will pay a postponement fee to NASA. The fee will be computed as a percentage of the customer's Shuttle standard flight price and will be based on the table...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.107 - Postponement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.107...) A customer postponing the flight of a payload will pay a postponement fee to NASA. The fee will be computed as a percentage of the customer's Shuttle standard flight price and will be based on the table...

  11. 14 CFR 1214.108 - Termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... NASA. (1) The termination fee for dedicated flights will be computed as a percentage of the Shuttle... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.108 Termination... termination occurs Termination fee, percent of Shuttle standard flight price 18 or more 10 17 or more but less...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.107 - Postponement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.107...) A customer postponing the flight of a payload will pay a postponement fee to NASA. The fee will be computed as a percentage of the customer's Shuttle standard flight price and will be based on the table...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.108 - Termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... NASA. (1) The termination fee for dedicated flights will be computed as a percentage of the Shuttle... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.108 Termination... termination occurs Termination fee, percent of Shuttle standard flight price 18 or more 10 17 or more but less...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.108 - Termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... NASA. (1) The termination fee for dedicated flights will be computed as a percentage of the Shuttle... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.108 Termination... termination occurs Termination fee, percent of Shuttle standard flight price 18 or more 10 17 or more but less...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.108 - Termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... NASA. (1) The termination fee for dedicated flights will be computed as a percentage of the Shuttle... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.108 Termination... termination occurs Termination fee, percent of Shuttle standard flight price 18 or more 10 17 or more but less...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.107 - Postponement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.107...) A customer postponing the flight of a payload will pay a postponement fee to NASA. The fee will be computed as a percentage of the customer's Shuttle standard flight price and will be based on the table...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.1102 - Evaluation of applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1102 Evaluation of applications. (a) All... obtained. This evaluation process will be monitored to ensure adherence to applicable policy, laws, and...

  18. 7 CFR 1214.24 - United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.24... of Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States. Christmas Tree Promotion...

  19. 7 CFR 1214.24 - United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.24... of Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States. Christmas Tree Promotion...

  20. 7 CFR 1214.24 - United States.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.24... of Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States. Christmas Tree Promotion...

  1. 40 CFR 52.277 - Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. 52.277 Section 52.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. (a) The following rules are being retained...

  2. 40 CFR 52.277 - Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. 52.277 Section 52.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. (a) The following rules are being retained...

  3. 40 CFR 52.277 - Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. 52.277 Section 52.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. (a) The following rules are being retained...

  4. 40 CFR 52.277 - Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. 52.277 Section 52.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. (a) The following rules are being retained...

  5. 40 CFR 52.277 - Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. 52.277 Section 52.277 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Oxides of nitrogen, combustion gas concentration limitations. (a) The following rules are being retained...

  6. 49 CFR 27.7 - Discrimination prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... accomplishment of the objectives of the program or activity with respect to handicapped persons. (6) As used in... Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE General § 27.7 Discrimination prohibited. (a...

  7. 27 CFR 25.277 - Discontinuance of operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Pilot Brewing Plants § 25.277 Discontinuance of operations. When operations of a pilot brewing plant are to be discontinued, the operator shall notify the...

  8. 27 CFR 25.277 - Discontinuance of operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Pilot Brewing Plants § 25.277 Discontinuance of operations. When operations of a pilot brewing plant are to be discontinued, the operator shall notify the...

  9. 14 CFR 1214.115 - Standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ....115 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.... (d) A five-person flight crew: commander, pilot and three mission specialists. (e) Orbiter flight...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.115 - Standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ....115 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.... (d) A five-person flight crew: commander, pilot and three mission specialists. (e) Orbiter flight...

  11. 14 CFR 1214.115 - Standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ....115 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.... (d) A five-person flight crew: commander, pilot and three mission specialists. (e) Orbiter flight...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.114 - Provision of services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.114 Provision of services. NASA will provide, solely at its discretion, services to the extent...

  13. 14 CFR 1214.114 - Provision of services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.114 Provision of services. NASA will provide, solely at its discretion, services to the extent...

  14. 14 CFR 1214.114 - Provision of services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.114 Provision of services. NASA will provide, solely at its discretion, services to the extent...

  15. 14 CFR 1214.114 - Provision of services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.114 Provision of services. NASA will provide, solely at its discretion, services to the extent...

  16. 14 CFR 1214.504 - Screening requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 1214.504 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission... persons who are certified under the PRP will have unescorted access to mission critical space systems... regulation provides for unescorted access to mission critical space systems areas, it does not preclude the...

  17. 14 CFR 1214.505 - Program implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 1214.505 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission... each NASA Installation will designate mission critical space systems areas. (b) NASA installations will... space systems. (e) NASA Headquarters Office of Safety and Mission Quality (Code Q) will act as the...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.505 - Program implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 1214.505 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission... each NASA Installation will designate mission critical space systems areas. (b) NASA installations will... space systems. (e) NASA Headquarters Office of Safety and Mission Quality (Code Q) will act as the...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.505 - Program implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 1214.505 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission... each NASA Installation will designate mission critical space systems areas. (b) NASA installations will... space systems. (e) NASA Headquarters Office of Safety and Mission Quality (Code Q) will act as the...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.505 - Program implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 1214.505 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission... each NASA Installation will designate mission critical space systems areas. (b) NASA installations will... space systems. (e) NASA Headquarters Office of Safety and Mission Quality (Code Q) will act as the...

  1. 14 CFR 1214.504 - Screening requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 1214.504 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission... persons who are certified under the PRP will have unescorted access to mission critical space systems... regulation provides for unescorted access to mission critical space systems areas, it does not preclude the...

  2. 14 CFR 1214.504 - Screening requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 1214.504 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT Mission... persons who are certified under the PRP will have unescorted access to mission critical space systems... regulation provides for unescorted access to mission critical space systems areas, it does not preclude the...

  3. 14 CFR 1214.115 - Standard services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...: commander, pilot and three mission specialists. (e) Orbiter flight planning services. (f) One day of... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.115 Standard...

  4. 14 CFR 1214.117 - Launch and orbit parameters for a standard launch.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) Launch from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) into the customer's choice of two standard mission orbits: 160 NM... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Launch and orbit parameters for a standard launch. 1214.117 Section 1214.117 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION...

  5. 14 CFR 1214.117 - Launch and orbit parameters for a standard launch.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) Launch from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) into the customer's choice of two standard mission orbits: 160 NM... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Launch and orbit parameters for a standard launch. 1214.117 Section 1214.117 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION...

  6. 14 CFR 1214.117 - Launch and orbit parameters for a standard launch.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) Launch from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) into the customer's choice of two standard mission orbits: 160 NM... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Launch and orbit parameters for a standard launch. 1214.117 Section 1214.117 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION...

  7. 77 FR 14059 - Surety Companies Acceptable On Federal Bonds: Name, Address and Phone Number Change: Van Tol...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-08

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service Surety Companies Acceptable On Federal Bonds: Name, Address and Phone Number Change: Van Tol Surety Company, Incorporated (NAIC 30279) AGENCY: Financial... Square, Ste. 201, Andover, Massachusetts 01810. The new phone number is (978) 662-5131. Federal bond...

  8. 14 CFR 1214.106 - Minor delays.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.106 Minor delays. NASA will attempt to accommodate customer requested minor launch delays. Such delays will... will require NASA's approval and will result in an additional charge as established in the launch...

  9. 14 CFR § 1214.601 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.601 Definitions. (a) Mementos. Flags, patches, insignia, medallions, minor... cubic meters (2 cubic feet) in size, reserved for carrying official mementos of NASA and other organizations aboard Space Shuttle flights. No personal items will be carried in the OFK. (c) Personal...

  10. 14 CFR 1214.106 - Minor delays.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.106 Minor delays. NASA will attempt to accommodate customer requested minor launch delays. Such delays will... will require NASA's approval and will result in an additional charge as established in the launch...

  11. 14 CFR 1214.106 - Minor delays.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.106 Minor delays. NASA will attempt to accommodate customer requested minor launch delays. Such delays will... will require NASA's approval and will result in an additional charge as established in the launch...

  12. 14 CFR 1214.106 - Minor delays.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.106 Minor delays. NASA will attempt to accommodate customer requested minor launch delays. Such delays will... will require NASA's approval and will result in an additional charge as established in the launch...

  13. 14 CFR § 1214.608 - Safety requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Aboard Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.608 Safety requirements. The contents of OFK's and PPK's must meet the requirements set forth in NASA Handbook 1700.7, “Safety Policy and Requirements for Payloads Using...

  14. 14 CFR § 1214.807 - Exceptional payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... for Spacelab Services § 1214.807 Exceptional payloads. Customers whose payloads qualify under the NASA Exceptional Program Selection Process shall reimburse NASA for Spacelab and Shuttle services on the basis indicated in the Shuttle policy. ...

  15. Entry into and Release of Solvents by Escherichia coli in an Organic-Aqueous Two-Liquid-Phase System and Substrate Specificity of the AcrAB-TolC Solvent-Extruding Pump

    PubMed Central

    Tsukagoshi, Norihiko; Aono, Rikizo

    2000-01-01

    Growth of Escherichia coli is inhibited upon exposure to a large volume of a harmful solvent, and there is an inverse correlation between the degree of inhibition and the log POW of the solvent, where POW is the partition coefficient measured for the partition equilibrium established between the n-octanol and water phases. The AcrAB-TolC efflux pump system is involved in maintaining intrinsic solvent resistance. We inspected the solvent resistance of ΔacrAB and/or ΔtolC mutants in the presence of a large volume of solvent. Both mutants were hypersensitive to weakly harmful solvents, such as nonane (log POW = 5.5). The ΔtolC mutant was more sensitive to nonane than the ΔacrAB mutant. The solvent entered the E. coli cells rapidly. Entry of solvents with a log POW higher than 4.4 was retarded in the parent cells, and the intracellular levels of these solvents were maintained at low levels. The ΔtolC mutant accumulated n-nonane or decane (log POW = 6.0) more abundantly than the parent or the ΔacrAB mutant. The AcrAB-TolC complex likely extrudes solvents with a log POW in the range of 3.4 to 6.0 through a first-order reaction. The most favorable substrates for the efflux system were considered to be octane, heptane, and n-hexane. PMID:10940021

  16. 49 CFR 192.277 - Ductile iron pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.277...

  17. 14 CFR § 1214.109 - Scheduling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.109 Scheduling. (a) Establishment of a launch date. (1) NASA will assign a tentative launch date for a payload only after NASA's receipt, review and acceptance of a customer-submitted NASA Form 1628 requesting flight...

  18. 14 CFR § 1214.110 - Reflight.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.110 Reflight. (a) NASA will provide a reflight of a customer's payload under conditions defined in the launch agreement. The standard flight price for reflights will be based on NASA's marginal cost as defined in...

  19. 14 CFR § 1214.108 - Termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214... standard services to NASA. (1) The termination fee for dedicated flights will be computed as a percentage of the Shuttle standard flight price and will be based on the table below. Months before scheduled...

  20. 7 CFR 1214.40 - Establishment and membership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Christmas Tree Promotion Board § 1214.40 Establishment and membership. (a) Establishment of the Christmas Tree Promotion...

  1. 7 CFR 1214.40 - Establishment and membership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Christmas Tree Promotion Board § 1214.40 Establishment and membership. (a) Establishment of the Christmas Tree Promotion...

  2. 7 CFR 1214.40 - Establishment and membership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Christmas Tree Promotion Board § 1214.40 Establishment and membership. (a) Establishment of the Christmas Tree Promotion...

  3. 30 CFR 27.7 - Certification plate or label.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS METHANE-MONITORING SYSTEMS General Provisions § 27.7 Certification plate or label. A certified methane-monitoring system or component thereof shall be identified with a...

  4. 30 CFR 27.7 - Certification plate or label.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS METHANE-MONITORING SYSTEMS General Provisions § 27.7 Certification plate or label. A certified methane-monitoring system or component thereof shall be identified with a...

  5. 7 CFR 1214.13 - Part and subpart.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.13 Part and subpart. Part means the Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order and all...

  6. 7 CFR 1214.13 - Part and subpart.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.13 Part and subpart. Part means the Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order and all...

  7. 7 CFR 1214.13 - Part and subpart.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHRISTMAS TREE PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1214.13 Part and subpart. Part means the Christmas Tree Promotion, Research, and Information Order and all...

  8. 50 CFR 622.277 - Bag and possession limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FISHERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC Dolphin and Wahoo Fishery Off the Atlantic States § 622.277 Bag and possession limits. Section 622...

  9. 50 CFR 622.277 - Bag and possession limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FISHERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC Dolphin and Wahoo Fishery Off the Atlantic States § 622.277 Bag and possession limits. Section 622...

  10. 14 CFR § 1214.107 - Postponement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214... customer. (b) A customer postponing the flight of a payload will pay a postponement fee to NASA. The fee will be computed as a percentage of the customer's Shuttle standard flight price and will be based on...

  11. 14 CFR § 1214.114 - Provision of services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214.114 Provision of services. NASA will provide, solely at its discretion, services to the extent...

  12. 14 CFR § 1214.117 - Launch and orbit parameters for a standard launch.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... flights: (1) Launch from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) into the customer's choice of two standard mission... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Launch and orbit parameters for a standard launch. § 1214.117 Section § 1214.117 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE...

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Leitherer, Claus; Lee, Janice C.; Hernandez, Svea

    We report on the detection of Lyman continuum radiation in two nearby starburst galaxies. Tol 0440-381, Tol 1247-232, and Mrk 54 were observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope . The three galaxies have radial velocities of ∼13,000 km s{sup −1}, permitting a ∼35 Å window on the restframe Lyman continuum shortward of the Milky Way Lyman edge at 912 Å. The chosen instrument configuration using the G140L grating covers the spectral range from 912 to 2000 Å. We developed a dedicated background subtraction method to account for the temporal and spatial background variations ofmore » the detector, which is crucial at the low flux levels around 912 Å. This modified pipeline allowed us to significantly improve the statistical and systematic detector noise and will be made available to the community. We detect Lyman continuum in all three galaxies. However, we conservatively interpret the emission in Tol 0440-381 as an upper limit due to possible contamination by geocoronal Lyman series lines. We determined the current star formation properties from the far-ultraviolet continuum and spectral lines and used synthesis models to predict the Lyman continuum radiation emitted by the current population of hot stars. We discuss various model uncertainties such as, among others, atmospheres and evolution models. Lyman continuum escape fractions were derived from a comparison between the observed and predicted Lyman continuum fluxes. Tol 1247-232, Mrk 54, and Tol 0440-381 have absolute escape fractions of (4.5 ± 1.2)%, (2.5 ± 0.72)%, and <(7.1 ± 1.1)%, respectively.« less

  14. 14 CFR § 1214.609 - Loss or theft.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Space Shuttle Flights § 1214.609 Loss or theft. (a) Responsibility. The National Aeronautics and Space... missing shall immediately report the loss to the Johnson Space Center Security Office and the NASA...

  15. YD277 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Partially Through Activating the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Zekun; Wu, Qiuju; Ding, Ye; Zhou, Wenhui; Liu, Rong; Chen, Haiying; Zhou, Jia; Feng, Jing; Chen, Ceshi

    2017-01-01

    Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcomes. YD277 is a novel small molecule derived from ML264, a KLF5 inhibitor that elicits cytotoxic effects in colon cancer cell lines. Our previous studies suggest that Krüpple-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a promising therapeutic target for TNBC. In this study, we demonstrated that YD277 significantly induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells, independent of KLF5 inhibition. YD277 also reduced the protein expression levels of Cyclin D1, Bcl2 and Bclxl and promoted the expression of p21 and p27. Moreover, the pro-apoptotic activity of YD277 in TNBC was mediated by the transcription of IRE1α, a key molecule in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Finally, YD277 (15 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts in nude mice. These findings indicate that YD277 is a promising chemotherapeutic candidate for TNBC. PMID:28740556

  16. 12 CFR 1214.2 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS AVAILABILITY OF NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION § 1214.2 Purpose and scope. (a) Purpose. The purpose of this part is to control the dissemination of non-public information, which includes confidential supervisory information, and maintain its...

  17. 14 CFR § 1214.119 - Spacelab payloads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...; Level I only for customer-furnished Spacelab hardware). (6) Shuttle 1 and Spacelab flight planning. (7...) Extravehicular Activity (EVA) services. (13) Payload flight planning services. (14) Transmission of Spacelab data...§ 1214.119 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT General...

  18. 14 CFR 1214.113 - Allocation of risk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214...-waiver of liability among the customer, other customers, related entities and NASA for all activities... insurance covering launch and on-orbit operations in an amount deemed appropriate by NASA. ...

  19. 14 CFR 1214.113 - Allocation of risk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214...-waiver of liability among the customer, other customers, related entities and NASA for all activities... insurance covering launch and on-orbit operations in an amount deemed appropriate by NASA. ...

  20. 14 CFR 1214.113 - Allocation of risk.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Provisions Regarding Space Shuttle Flights of Payloads for Non-U.S. Government, Reimbursable Customers § 1214...-waiver of liability among the customer, other customers, related entities and NASA for all activities... insurance covering launch and on-orbit operations in an amount deemed appropriate by NASA. ...

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