Sample records for gamaga mber euroopa

  1. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a novel membrane bioelectrochemical reactor with low membrane fouling tendency.

    PubMed

    Li, Hui; Zuo, Wei; Tian, Yu; Zhang, Jun; Di, Shijing; Li, Lipin; Su, Xinying

    2017-02-01

    Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can use nitrate as a cathodic electron acceptor for electrochemical denitrification, yet there is little knowledge about how to apply them into current wastewater treatment process to achieve efficient nitrogen removal. In this study, two dual-chamber MFCs were integrated with an aerobic membrane bioreactor to construct a novel membrane bioelectrochemical reactor (MBER) for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification under specific aeration. The effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate, COD/N ratio, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and external resistance on the system performance were investigated. High effluent quality was obtained in the MBER in terms of COD and ammonium. During the operation, denitrification simultaneously occurred with nitrification at the bio-cathode of the MBER, achieving a maximal nitrogen removal efficiency of 84.3 %. A maximum power density of 1.8 W/m 3 and a current density of 8.5 A/m 3 were achieved with a coulombic efficiency of 12.1 %. Furthermore, compared to the control system, the MBER exhibited lower membrane fouling tendency due to mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSSs) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) reductions, EPSp/EPSc ratio decrease, and particle size increase of the sludge. These results suggest that the MBER holds potential for efficient nitrogen removal, electricity production, and membrane fouling mitigation.

  2. A fluidized bed membrane bioelectrochemical reactor for energy-efficient wastewater treatment.

    PubMed

    Li, Jian; Ge, Zheng; He, Zhen

    2014-09-01

    A fluidized bed membrane bioelectrochemical reactor (MBER) was investigated using fluidized granular activated carbon (GAC) as a mean of membrane fouling control. During the 150-day operation, the MBER generated electricity with contaminant removal from either synthetic solution or actual wastewater, as a standalone or a coupled system. It was found that fluidized GAC could significantly reduce transmembrane pressure (TMP), although its function as a part of the anode electrode was minor. When the MBER was linked to a regular microbial fuel cell (MFC) for treating a wastewater from a cheese factory, the MFC acted as a major process for energy recovery and contaminant removal, and the coupled system removed more than 90% of chemical oxygen demand and >80% of suspended solids. The analysis showed that the ratio of energy recovery and consumption was slightly larger than one, indicating that the coupled system could be theoretically energy neutral. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Validation Summary Report: Verdix Corporation, VADS Sun-4 Solaris 2.1, VAda-110-4040, Version 6.2, Sun SPARCstation LX 4/30 under Solaris 2.1 (Host & Target), 921004W1.11285

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-03-19

    Sun SPARCstation LX 4/30 under Solaris 2.1 Customer Agreement Number: 92-06-23- VRX See section 3.1 for any additional information about the testing...mber: AVF-VSR-556-1092 Date VSR Complete: 18 November 1992 92-06-23- VRX Ada COMPILER VALIDATION SUMMARY REPORT: Certificate Number: 921004W1.11285

  4. Maintenance Communications for the 1990’s,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-07-01

    reverse aide If necessary and Identify by block n.mber) * -This study details weaknesses in the present maintenance communications system...I. I. STrTAMEr OF NEED: Survivable Maintenance Cacputer System. "- DISCUSSION: The maintenance ccmputer system aids immeasurably in the...GRAVELY, Samuel L. (VAdm, USN-Ret), "Integrated Information Display Systen - A Decision Aid ," Signal, March 1983, p.53-60. GRAVELY, Samuel L. (VAdm, USN

  5. Applications of Subleading-Color Amplitudes in N = 4 SYM Theory

    DOE PAGES

    Naculich, Stephen G.; Nastase, Horatiu; Schnitzer, Howard J.

    2011-01-01

    A numore » mber of features and applications of subleading-color amplitudes of N = 4 SYM theory are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the IR divergences of the subleading-color amplitudes, the relationships of N = 4 SYM theory to N = 8 supergravity, and to geometric interpretations of one-loop subleading-color and N k MHV amplitudes of N = 4 SYM theory.« less

  6. An Archeological Survey Along the Eastern Floodplain of the Lower Illinois River: Cultural Resource Survey of Selected Portions of the Meredosia and Meredosia Lake Drainage and Levee Districts, Scott, Cass and Morgan Counties, Illinois. St. Louis District Cultural Resource Management Report Number 19

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-03-01

    COUNTIES , ILLINOIS CONTRACT NO. DACW4382.D.0083 edited by DTIC Harold Hassen S ELECTE FEB 0 3 1992N CONTRIBUTIONS BY HAROLD HASSEN, ERICH SCHROEDER...SELECTED PORTIONS OF THE MEREDOSIA AND MEREDOSIA LAKE DRAINAGE AND LEVEE DISTRICTS, SCOTT, CASS, AND MORGAN COUNTIES ,,; PERFORMING ORG. REPORT N-.MBER...River: Cultural Resource Survey of Selected Portions of the Meredosia and Meredosia Lake Drainage and Levee Districts, Scott, Cass and Morgan Counties

  7. Potential Fuel Savings of Specific ATC System Improvements.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-02-01

    to today’s fuel/cost conscious airspace user. To the extent they are needed to resolve actual conflicts between aircraft competing for the use of...evolved over t : the years. They are rarely, if ever, traceable to an excessive mber of aircraft competing for the same airspace, based on real-time...there were 24 northbound arrivals via RIC, while there were 71 potentially competing southbound overflights via J14. However, the most popular cruise

  8. Wide Area Recovery and Resiliency Program (WARRP) Decon-13 Subject Matter Expert Meeting

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-08-14

    Japan, Chernobyl , Goiania Waste Screening Workshop August 14, 2012 Edward A. Tupin Center for Radiological Emergency Response Radiation Protection...Total release -10% - 20% of releases from Chernobyl (37 PBq = 1,000,000 Curies) L~:lCl.~== ~ Wide Ar£>a Contamination ~ MEXT data as of S£>pt£>mber...and longer-tenn interim storage - disposal likely will take more time 2 1 On April 26, 1986, Unit 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant suffered

  9. Special Report: Iraq and the Gulf States. The Balance of Fear

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-08-01

    Iraq, the Muslim Scholars Association;48 Adnan Al - Dulaymi , leader of the Iraqi Sunni bloc al -Tawafoq; and, via recorded audio, Ibrahim al -Shammari...Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, no. RL31718 (Washington, DC: CRS, March 17, 2004), 4. 30. Jeremy M . Sharp, The Al -Jazeera News Network...Snelling, former State Senator and former Lieutenant Governor, Shelburne, Vt. MeMbers ex officio Robert M . Gates, Secretary of Defense • Barry lowenkron

  10. Social and Economic Impacts of Selected Potential Dredged Material Containment Facilities in Long Island Sound.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-09-01

    GRANT NuMBER(s) CENTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND MAN, INC. DACW 33-8U-~e--’-e/ Work Order No. 8 I.~3 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ...08-735 Program Manager Lynn E. Johnson Principal Investigator Gaylord M. Northrop Project Staff John Ball Kenneth Bober Kayla Costenoble Brian...determination of the merits of continuing the program . This is a Stage 2 report. While six potential dredged material containment facilities are

  11. Korea to Kalimantan and Beyond: The Employment of United States Army Forces in Military Civic Action in the Pacific Command Area of Responsibility

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-04-09

    may not be reeased (or open ibkou eanb t it his been deared by de appropriate military servlc or govemlient mency. Co KOREA TO KALIMANTAN AND BEYOND... Kalimantan and Beyond: The Employment of United States Army Forces Individual Study in Military Civic Action in the Pacific 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORTN MBER...PROGRAM PAPER KOREA TO KALIMANTAN AND BEYOND: THE EMPLOYMENT OF UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES IN MILITARY CIVIC ACTION IN THE PACIFIC COMMAND AREA OF

  12. Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Satellite Electron Beam System.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-05-16

    Oide , ft necessar and fdernuhv b blockr ... mber) Desiqn, Development, Fabrication and Test of Electron Beam System for use in a Satellite Vehicle. DD...1.6 Dscription oF SP:BS The SPIBS instrument was a two centimeter diameter ion source using Xenon gas as the expellant, having a hollow cathode with an...fully tested using dummy guns. Special gun opening tests using real guns were employed in vacuum tests to determine that there was no cathode poison

  13. Reification without Evaluation.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-06-01

    PROJECT. TASK Artificial Inteligence Laboratory AREA & WORK UNIT NuMBERS ’’ 545 Technology Square 0 Cambridge, MA 02139 L $I 1, CONTROLLINO OFFICE NAME...7RD-ft" 28 REIFICRIO WITHOUT EYRURTION(U) rASSACHUSETTS INST OF 1/:LTECH CUZDGE ARTIFICI L INTELLIGENCE LUN R MEN JUN 60 RI-M-946 NM14-5-K-0-0124...themselves. This report, describes research done at, tie Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the

  14. Cooperativity Between Oncogenic PKC Epsilon and Pten Loss in Prostate Cancer Progression

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-10-01

    AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0535 TITLE: “Cooperativity Between Oncogenic PKC Epsilon and Pten Loss in Prostate Cancer Progression” PRINCIPAL...3. DATES COVERED 30 Sep 2014 - 29 Sep 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Cooperativity Between Oncogenic PKC Epsilon and Pten Loss in...the s-econd leadi.ng caus.e of cmcer-related deaths .unong wen in thee United States. Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCs), a me-mber of the PKC £uuily

  15. A Cultural Resources Survey of the Paul Pickle Permit Request Area, Bayou Deview - 7, Poinsett County, Arkansas.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-12-01

    Resources Survey of the Paul Pickle I r., Pit j FUNONG NiMBERS Request Area, Bayou Deview -7 I-)oinsvtt Io., AR 9t*" 1I 2 6. AUTHOR(S)Jimmy D. McNeil. 1...undulating, with low ridges or natural levees rising a few feet above the alluvial terrace. These lowlands are characterized primarily by poorly...ridges. Slopes are generally less than 1%. Drainage is generally to the southwest with the major natural drainage way being the L’Anguille River

  16. Organosilicon Compounds and Organosilicon Polymer Intermediates

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-03-21

    ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEME%- PRO.;ECT. TASK( Departnknt of Chemistry AREA 6 *OR( UNI’ N . MBERS Massachusetts Institute of Technology 61102F 2303/B...based on the carbon monoxide-derived acyllithium reagents has been developed. The hydrolysis of dichlorosilane, was found to give cyclic oligomers, with n ...lower members (R=Ph, n =2-5) could be isolated as Ph H 0 n 3 pure species by HPLC. A polymer of molecular weight 蕰,000 was prepared by reaction of l

  17. The Leadership Philosophy Model

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-03-31

    34 leadership philosophy"? One writer states that it is a "distillation of experience and theory , arrived at through a long and somewhat tenuous process of... LEADERSHIP PHILOSOPHY MfODEL .11.9BY .IELJTEN 1NT CO)LONEL CLAYTON E. MELTO.; DIST-. jUTION STATEMIS.T A’ Approved for publiC relea~se; distributicrn...CATALOG NUMBER 4 TITLE (-d Subtitle) T YPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COvERE3 The Leadership Philosophy Model Study Project 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT N,.MBER 7

  18. Draft History of the Air Force Capsule Return Program. Sanitized Version.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-01-01

    issigned personnel of the new unit. The rapid formation and initiation of training created many problems for the embryo unit. The early histories of the...problems to the Squadron. With the assumption of the full range of administrative duties the Squadron/Group were then in charqe of their own destinies and...called for a 1 December 1958 movement. Therefore#l-.1 ec9mber.-the movement of the 6493 Test Squadron and the embryo 6594th Test Group from Edwards

  19. Auxiliary Gas Loading of Explosives and Their Sensitivity to DDT (Deflagration to Detonation Transition),

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-06-25

    the weight mean particle sizes were:ammonium picrate (285um), TNT (325pm), RDX (200um) and tetryl (470 and 160m). The carnauba wax (125pm) and the...WORDS (enti.e n reverse side if noceemdy and bnt, ock ,by br) PBXN103 ’"mber) Gas loading RDX Expl D PBXW-108 Sensitivity 91/9 ROX/ wax Cast H-6 PBXN...porous HE for their susceptibility to undergoing DDT. Granuiar explosives studied were RDX, waxed RDX, tetryl, TNT, and Explosive D; cast HE, TNT based

  20. Validity of Empirical Studies of Information System Effectiveness

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-06-01

    34The Methodologies of Symbolic Interactionism : A Critical Review of Research Techniques," (Perprint), 1968. Durand, Douglas E., Rex 0. Bennet and Samuel...is unlimited 4 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NuMBER(S) 5 MONITORING ORGANZAT,O% REPORT NurM8C’ZS, 6a NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFiCE SYMBOL ...7b ADDRESS (City. State and ZIP Code) Monterey, California 93943-5000 Monterey, California 93943-5000 8a NAME Of rJ.DfNG SPONSOR NrT 8b OFF CE SYMBOL

  1. Prostate Cancer in African-American Men: Serum Biomarkers for Early Detection Using Nanoparticles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-11-01

    708nm. This nu mber is in a go od ag reement with the o ne spectru m per spot measurement. Th e summary of the average spectral peak positions for...of a sensitive probe for screening cancer markers. Currently, QDs are successfully used for in vitro and in vivo imaging of tumors [4, 5...Loening A M, Gambhir S S and Rao J 2006 Self illuminating quantum dot conjugates for in vivo imaging Nature Biotechnol. 24 339 [5] Rhyner M N, Smith A M

  2. Status of Major Acquisitions as of September 30, 1982.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-09-07

    Al) A132 463 STATUS OF MAJOR ACQUISITIONS AS OF SEPTE.MBER 30 1482 i/It (LIT GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFF ICE WASHINGTON DC NATIONAl SECURIT AND...INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV 07 SEP 83 IGA’’l I-T DNS AD R3 32 Fc 1/, N Il 11111111IhhMENEMh!h" IMENEMh~h 6 n 1111L2 .6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL ...congressional committees; and indi- vidual congressmen. Acce7sson For Frank C. Conahan, Director -NTT22 A&I V National Security andDNPT: z International

  3. Selection and Evaluation of a Real Time Monitoring System for the Bigeye Bomb Fill/Close Production Facility. Phase 2

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-06-01

    and ZIP Code ) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NU MBERS I O KUI PROGRAM PRO ECCT TASKWOKUI E L E M E N T N O . N O .I 1 2 0 N O A 5 A C C E S S I O N N OlI I1 TITLE... source of by-products formation. Generating Data for Mathematical Modeling of Real Vapor Phase Reaction Systems (tremendously speeds multi -level, multi ...SMCC-RI1 6c AD RS(Ciry,. State, and ZIP Code ) SCRRI 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code ) IA!hrueýýt Proving Ground, MD 21010-54213 a.NMOFFUNI.DNG

  4. Prompt photon pair production in association with top-antitop pairs. An important background to intermediate mass Higgs detection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ballestrero, Alessandro; Maina, Ezio

    1991-10-01

    The reaction pp→ t t¯γγ is studied for 80⩽ Mγγ⩽140 GeV, as a possible background to the detection of an intermedia te mass standard model Higgs in the rare ℓ νγγ final state. If the top is not too heavy the prompt photon production, integrated over a window of 6 GeV in Mγγ around the Higgs mass, can be larger than the production of photon pairs from Higgs decay. Standard isolation cuts can effectively dispose of this background for mt⩾150 GeV. For mt∼100 GeV approximately the same nu mber of background and signal events pass the cuts.

  5. Installation Restoration Program. Site Investigation Report. Volume 4. 152nd Tactical Reconnaissance Group, Nevada Air National Guard, Reno Cannon International Airport, Reno, Nevada

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-04-01

    1597 SDG LA3 ID KaMBER COmOVouD lZXP PORN SP 443 m/m 442 u/x CALC LAB CALC LIMIT RLAIz R3LATrVZ 0 AD= I AIDO ERROR -BU AWN 1 1545 DF930308A21 DFTPP...1597 SAWPLZ SAM) E 0 CONPOUUD SPIKU 8 ANPLZ NATRIX M HD 15 mm M I0 MI D CAL APC NUMIER TYPE ADDED RESULT SPIKE t 1EA t VRI RPD VWi 1566 1545 1,4-DICKL...1597 E1DO LAB ID XMNDI CONPOUND ZXP PORN EPZC1176 u/s 1174 u/u CALC LAB CALC ILIMIT RELATIVE RELATIVE I ABUN I £303 ERROR 1545 B7930307356 3PB y y

  6. Non-Singular Modeling of Rigid Manipulators.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-12-01

    SOJQCE 09 FONDING NoMBERS PROG-RAM PRO,ECT -ASK v1 W K .. Ni ELEMEFNT NO NO NO I ACCES;C)1 NO N ON:-zlVTLvIP ’"fPFILINC OFPTRCI1) TAIT rT( Q ; E RSO...AUTHORIS r eamrred. khavvq’_ .33 " t0 QFOQ 13t)’ E COIRED TO4 DATE OF REPORT lYcir MonfhP Day) S P.%t~r (,),%T S I ; . - A T 0 N& (C)SAI. CODES I i...tr he po--,nt of singul -ar-ity. One solution is to s:e:-, a --,mmamu: t me at r oosit:ocn or to avoid t>i:c’ . alt :- e ::.: n t-.te r *solution is to

  7. Navy Technology Transfer Program FY 77 Summary Statistics.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-01-01

    ATN.CORATOR GRANT NUmBERC.j 9 0’E R _M’NC.CORGANIZATION N AME AND A’-,DRESS ID PROOR;AM EL EME ’r. 1 ROJECT, TASC AREA &-ARKUNI- NU)MBERS Headquarters...Cro 4- L. > 0)90 W >-0 EL . W 0 -r- CE )W EL - 09 , c - Z U0 C 4- -U~ z OL- 4 C: c-CC0 c-4 OWCD() Li- W’i ) C -- a) cC 0) < cmf U) oU)xO0E-c 0 C41- WV...CC’MM-. DE .’L O.C M, 3Cu C> m -0 CCD I 0 u U .LfV C HO rc C .L V- 0-J ’’ >0CE-- (0))0L) - 0 ((00 L(- *-V - 0 0 -0 C C LO -o (0v . -0 0’--o CO C(A

  8. Tables for the Rapid Estimation of Downwash and Sidewash Behind Wings Performing Various Motions at Supersonic Speeds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bobbitt, Percy J.

    1959-01-01

    Equations for the downwash and sidewash due to supersonic yawed and unswept horseshoe vortices have been utilized in formulating tables and charts to permit a rapid estimation of the flow velocities behind wings performing various steady motions. Tabulations are presented of the downwash and sidewash in the wing vertical plane of symmetry due to a unit-strength yawed horseshoe vortex located at 20 equally spaced spanwise positions along lifting lines of various sweeps. (The bound portion of the yawed vortex is coincident with the lifting line.) Charts are presented for the purpose of estimating the spanwise variations of the flow-field velocities and give longitudinal variations of the downwash and sidewash at a nuMber of vertical and spanwise locations due to a unit-strength unswept horseshoe vortex. Use of the tables and charts to calculate wing downwash or sidewash requires a knowledge of the wing spanwise distribution of circulation. Sample computations for the rolling sidewash and angle-of-attack downwash behind a typical swept wing are presented to demonstrate the use of the tables and charts.

  9. Geochemical reversals within the lower 100 m of the Palisades sill, New Jersey

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gorring, Matthew L.; Naslund, H. R.

    1995-03-01

    Transects through the lower part of the Palisades sill were made at Fort Lee and Alpine, New Jersey in order to characterize the petrologic signature of previously proposed “reversals” in the normal, tholeiitic differentiation trend. Petrographic and geochemical data include: (1) modal and grain size analyses, (2) bulk rock major and trace element concentrations by DCP-AES, and (3) augite, orthopyroxene, magnetite, and olivine compositions by electron microprobe analysis. Anomalous horizons, defined by increased bulk rock Mg?, Cr, Ni, and Co concentrations and abrupt modal and grain-size changes, occur at 10 m (the well known olivine zone), 27 m, 45 m, and 95 m above the basal contact. Thermal models coupled with estimates of the emplacement rate and total magma volume indicate that the olivine zone (OZ) is an early-stage feature, related to the emplacement of initial magma into the Palisades chamber. Stoke’s Law calculations indicate that the settling velocity of average-sized olivine crystals in a high-titanium, quartz-normative (HTQ) magma is too slow for significant gravity settling to have occurred prior to the solidification of the basal 20 m of the sill. It is suggested that the OZ resulted from the emplacement of a heterogeneous initial magma from a compositionally stratified, sub-Palisades storage chamber located within the upper crust; however, heterogeneity may have been derived directly from the mantle or during rapid ascent. Geochemical models indicate that the OZ contains accumulated olivine that is not in cotectic (or constant) proportions with the other cumulus phases, suggesting a mechanical sorting process. Magma chamber recharge is proposed to have occurred at the 27 m and 45 m levels, when a slightly more-primitive HTQ magma was injected into the Palisades sill cha- mber. Zones of elevated Mg? and Cr, 6 to 10 m thick, at these two horizons may indicate the thickness of the hybrid magma formed by the mixing of these two compositions

  10. Possible cometary bioorganic compounds as sources of planetary biospheres

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kobayashi, K.; Takano, Y.; Kaneko, T.; Hashimoto, H.; Saito, T.

    Complex organi c compound s were discovered in the coma of Comet Halley [1], whi c h suggested that they w er e p ossibl e sources of the terr estria l biosp here. It has not been confirmed, however, that bioorganic compounds like amino acids were contained in comet ary nuclei. It has been hypothe sized that cometary organic compounds wer e formed in interstellar dust particles (ISDs) [2]. A great nu mber of experiments have been done s imulat i ng the condition o ISDf environments. Amino acids were reported to form in simulated ISD environments by proton irradiation [3] and by UV irradiation [4] of simulat ed ISD ice mantles. Here w e discuss nature of bioorganic compounds formed in simul a t e d ISD environments, and compare wit h those f ormed in simulated primitive planet ary atmospheres. A gas mixt ure of carbon monoxi d e, ammonia and water was irradiated wit h high - energy protons, gamma rays or UV light. All of hydrolysates o f the products gave a wide variety of a ino acids, t ogethe r with uracil a d cytosine. When amn mixture of methanol, ammonia and w at e r (1:1:2.8) was irradiated wit h gamma rays or UV light at 77K, 293K or 353K, am ino acids were also detect e d in each hydrolysates: The G-value ( energy yield) of glycine (the most abundant amino acids in the products) was ca. 0.01, which was independent from the temp eratur e or the phase (s olid, liquid or gas). These results s ugg est that amino acid precursors can be formed in ISD environments quite effe c t i vely even if the materials were frozen in low temperature. If comets can bring sufficient kinds and amount of bioorganic co mpou nds to planets, planetary biospheres can be generated, regardless of the comp osit ion of planet ary atmospheres. It will be quite interesting to find and analyze cometary organics left in planets and satellites such as the moon, as wel l as in cometary bodies. [1] J. Kissel and F. R. Kreuger, Natur e, 326, 755 (1987). [2] J. M. Greenberg and A. Li, Adv. Space

  11. A spatially referenced regression model (SPARROW) for suspended sediment in streams of the Conterminous U.S.

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Schwarz, Gregory E.; Smith, Richard A.; Alexander, Richard B.; Gray, John R.

    2001-01-01

    Suspended sediment has long been recognized as an important contaminant affecting water resources. Besides its direct role in determining water clarity, bridge scour and reservoir storage, sediment serves as a vehicle for the transport of many binding contaminants, including nutrients, trace metals, semi-volatile organic compounds, a nd numerous pesticides (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000a). Recent efforts to addr ess water-quality concerns through the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process have iden tified sediment as the single most prevalent cause of impairment in the Nation’s streams a nd rivers (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000b). Moreover, sediment has been identified as a medium for the tran sport and sequestration of organic carbon, playing a potentia lly important role in understa nding sources and sinks in the global carbon budget (Stallard, 1998). A comprehensive understanding of sediment fate a nd transport is considered essential to the design and implementation of effective plans for sediment management (Osterkamp and others, 1998, U.S. General Accounting Office, 1990). An exte nsive literature addr essing the problem of quantifying sediment transport has produced a nu mber of methods for estimating its flux (see Cohn, 1995, and Robertson and Roerish, 1999, for us eful surveys). The accuracy of these methods is compromised by uncertainty in the concentration measurements and by the highly episodic nature of sediment movement, particul arly when the methods are applied to smaller basins. However, for annual or decadal flux es timates, the methods are generally reliable if calibrated with extended periods of data (Robertson and Roerish, 1999). A substantial literature also supports the Universal Soil Loss Equation (U SLE) (Soil Conservation Service, 1983), an engineering method for estimating sheet and rill erosion, although the empirical credentials of the USLE have recently been questioned (Tri mble and Crosson, 2000

  12. Enhanced vector borne disease surveillance of California Culex mosquito populations reveals spatial and species-specific barriers of infection.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    VanderNoot, Victoria A.; Curtis, Deanna Joy; Koh, Chung-Yan

    Monitor i ng in f ectio n s in v ect o rs su c h as m osquit o es, s a nd fl i es, tsetse fl i es, a nd ticks to i denti f y hu m a n path o gens m a y s e r v e as a n ear l y w arn i ng det e ction system t o dir e ct loc a l g o v er n ment dise a se pr e v en t i v e m easu r e s . Onemore » major hurdle i n de t ection is the abi l i t y to scre e n l arge n u mbers of v e c t ors for h uman patho g ens w i thout t h e u s e of ge n o t y pe - s p ecific m o lecu l ar tec h nique s . N e x t genera t ion s equ e nc i ng (NG S ) pr o v i des a n unbi a sed p latfo r m capab l e of identi f y i ng k n o w n a n d unk n o w n p ath o ge n s circula t ing w i thin a v e ctor p opul a tion, but utili z ing t h is te c h nolo g y i s tim e - con s u ming a n d cos t l y for v ecto r -b o rne disease su r v e illan c e pr o gra m s. T o addr e s s this w e d e v e lop e d cos t -eff e ct i v e Ilumina(r) R NA- S eq l i bra r y p r epara t ion m e thodol o gies i n con j u n ction w i t h an automa t ed c ompu t at i onal a n a l y sis pipel i n e to ch a racter i ze t h e microbial popula t ions c ircula t i n g in Cu l e x m o squit o e s (Cul e x qui n quef a s c iatu s , C ul e x quinq u efasc i atus / pip i ens co m pl e x h y bri d s, and C u l e x ta r salis ) t hroug h out Californ i a. W e assembled 2 0 n o vel a n d w e l l -do c ume n ted a r b o v i ruses repres e nting mem b e rs of B u n y a v ir i da e , F l a v i virid a e, If a virida e , Meson i v i rida e , Nid o v iri d ae, O rtho m y x o virid a e, Pa r v o v iri d ae, Re o virid a e, R h a b d o v i rid a e, T y m o v iri d ae, a s w ell as s e v e r al u n assi g n e d v irus e s . In addit i o n, w e m app e d mRNA s pecies to d i vergent s peci e s of t r y panos o ma a nd pl a s modium eu k a r yotic parasit e s and cha r a c terized t he p r oka r yot i c microb i al c o mposit i on to i d enti f y bacteri a l tran s c r ipts der i v ed from wolba c hia, clo s tridi u m, m y c oplas m a