DOWNSTREAM LOCK GATE DETAIL VIEW WITH DOG HOUSE. NOTE CONTROL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DOWNSTREAM LOCK GATE DETAIL VIEW WITH DOG HOUSE. NOTE CONTROL ARM AND GEAR FOR GATE. LOOKING NORTHWEST. - Illinois Waterway, Dresden Island Lock and Dam , 7521 North Lock Road, Channahon, Will County, IL

16. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF OUTLET STRUCTURE AND OUTLET CHANNEL, FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF OUTLET STRUCTURE AND OUTLET CHANNEL, FROM WEST END OF EMBANKMENT. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

23. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF COMPLETED OUTLET CONTROL STRUCTURE.... Volume XIX, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF COMPLETED OUTLET CONTROL STRUCTURE.... Volume XIX, No. 8, April 12, 1940. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

32. Otter Lake Dam. View from downstream show how the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. Otter Lake Dam. View from downstream show how the dam blends into its environment. Looking east-northeast. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC

5. View from the east of the bridge's southeast (downstream) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. View from the east of the bridge's southeast (downstream) elevation - Big Cottonwood River Bridge No. 246, Spanning Big Cottonwood River at Cottonwood Street (City Road No. 165), New Ulm, Brown County, MN

3. VIEW OF DIABLO CANYON LOOKING DOWNSTREAM FROM THE VALVE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. VIEW OF DIABLO CANYON LOOKING DOWNSTREAM FROM THE VALVE HOUSE AT ELEVATION 1044, 1989. - Skagit Power Development, Diablo Dam, On Skagit River, 6.9 miles upstream from Newhalem, Newhalem, Whatcom County, WA

9. SOUTHERLY VIEW OF THE ACCESS ROAD TO THE DOWNSTREAM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. SOUTHERLY VIEW OF THE ACCESS ROAD TO THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF BIG DALTON DAM EXTENDING FROM THE DAM TO THE FOOTBRIDGE. VIEW FROM BIG DALTON DAM SHOWING THE TOE WEIR IN FOREGROUND AND FOOTBRIDGE IN BACKGROUND. - Big Dalton Dam, 2600 Big Dalton Canyon Road, Glendora, Los Angeles County, CA

11. A VIEW LOOKING WEST/SOUTHWEST AND DOWNSTREAM ALONG LEATHERWOOD CREEK, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. A VIEW LOOKING WEST/SOUTHWEST AND DOWNSTREAM ALONG LEATHERWOOD CREEK, WAS TAKEN FROM THE BRIDGE ROADWAY. - Cement Plant Road Bridge, Spanning Leatherwood Creek on County Road 50 South, Bedford, Lawrence County, IN

4. DETAIL VIEW OF CCCBUILT RIVERCOBBLE WING WALL ON DOWNSTREAM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. DETAIL VIEW OF CCC-BUILT RIVER-COBBLE WING WALL ON DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF OUTLET WORKS AT DAM 87, LOOKING WEST - Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge, Dam 87, Souris River Basin, Foxholm, Surrey (England), ND

15. INSIDE VIEW OF FLUME, LOOKING DOWNSTREAM, LEFT FORK TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. INSIDE VIEW OF FLUME, LOOKING DOWNSTREAM, LEFT FORK TO SETTLING BASIN, SHOWING RIGHT FORK WITH GATE IN PLACE AND A FEW NEEDLES IN PLACE - Electron Hydroelectric Project, Along Puyallup River, Electron, Pierce County, WA

7. Contextual view to eastnortheast showing downstream (west) side of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Contextual view to east-northeast showing downstream (west) side of bridge in setting, depicting dense riparian nature of area. - Stanislaus River Bridge, Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway at Stanislaus River, Riverbank, Stanislaus County, CA

16. Photocopy of a photograph (original in the Collection of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Photocopy of a photograph (original in the Collection of the Salt Lake City Engineer's Office)--ca. 1924--GENERAL VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF DAM JUST PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION OF THE TOP FORTY FEET OF THE DAM - Mountain Dell Dam, Parley's Canyon, Northwest side of I-80, West of State Route 39, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, UT

5. VIEW SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE AND TOE OF DAM, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. VIEW SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE AND TOE OF DAM, LOOKING SOUTHWEST - High Mountain Dams in Upalco Unit, Kidney Lake Dam, Ashley National Forest, 4.7 miles North of Miners Gulch Campground, Mountain Home, Duchesne County, UT

6. VIEW SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE AND TOE OF DAM, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE AND TOE OF DAM, LOOKING SOUTHWEST - High Mountain Dams in Upalco Unit, Kidney Lake Dam, Ashley National Forest, 4.7 miles North of Miners Gulch Campground, Mountain Home, Duchesne County, UT

10. VIEW WEST TOWARD DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF SPILLWAY FROM UNDERSIDE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. VIEW WEST TOWARD DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF SPILLWAY FROM UNDERSIDE OF GARDEN STATE PARKWAY ABUTMENT - Upper Doughty Dam, 200 feet west of Garden State Parkway, 1.7 miles west of Absecon, Egg Harbor City, Atlantic County, NJ

31. VIEW OF TWIN FALLS MAIN CANAL BRIDGE FROM DOWNSTREAM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. VIEW OF TWIN FALLS MAIN CANAL BRIDGE FROM DOWNSTREAM LOOKING UPSTREAM. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID

8. VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM OUTLET CULVERT AND WING RETAINING WALLS, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM OUTLET CULVERT AND WING RETAINING WALLS, LOOKING NORTHWEST - High Mountain Dams in Upalco Unit, Twin Pots Dam, Ashley National Forest, 10.1 miles North of Mountain Home, Mountain Home, Duchesne County, UT

15. DETAIL VIEW OF BUTTRESSES AND STRUTTIE BEAMS ON DOWNSTREAM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. DETAIL VIEW OF BUTTRESSES AND STRUT-TIE BEAMS ON DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF DAM--1971 - Mountain Dell Dam, Parley's Canyon, Northwest side of I-80, West of State Route 39, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, UT

6. VIEW OF SHOWING DOWNSTREAM OUTLET PIPE AND COLLAR (12' ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF SHOWING DOWNSTREAM OUTLET PIPE AND COLLAR (12' DIAMETER CORRUGATED STEEL PIPE ENCASED IN 6' CONCRETE), LOOKING NORTH - High Mountain Dams in Bonneville Unit, Island Lake Dam, Wasatch National Forest, Kamas, Summit County, UT

COMPLETED STRUCTURE. View is eastsoutheast of downstream side of bridge, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

COMPLETED STRUCTURE. View is east-southeast of downstream side of bridge, from beyond confluence of Trinity and South Fork Trinity Rivers - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

9. A CLOSEUP VIEW LOOKING NORTH OF THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. A CLOSE-UP VIEW LOOKING NORTH OF THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF PIER. ALSO VISIBLE IS THE NORTHWEST ABUTMENT AND WING WALL. - Cement Plant Road Bridge, Spanning Leatherwood Creek on County Road 50 South, Bedford, Lawrence County, IN

28. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF ROCK PAVING OPERATIONS ON LEFT BANK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF ROCK PAVING OPERATIONS ON LEFT BANK OF OUTLET CHANNEL.... Volume XVI, No. 18, September 29, 1939. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

5. Downstream elevation, view to southeast. Dark stains on side ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Downstream elevation, view to southeast. Dark stains on side of main girder are from deck drain scuppers, marking deck level within the girders. Compare this view and CA-126-7 to CA-126-19 for indication of severity of siltation of Salt River channel has silted. - Salt River Bridge, Spanning Salt River at Dillon Road, Ferndale, Humboldt County, CA

28. VIEW FROM IMMEDIATELY DOWNSTREAM OF TWIN FALLS MAIN CANAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. VIEW FROM IMMEDIATELY DOWNSTREAM OF TWIN FALLS MAIN CANAL HEADWORKS WITH CANAL BRIDGE IN DISTANCE. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID

27. Evening view of downstream face of Pleasant Dam under ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. Evening view of downstream face of Pleasant Dam under construction. Part of construction camp housing is visible in foreground. Photographer unknown, 1927. Source: MWD. - Waddell Dam, On Agua Fria River, 35 miles northwest of Phoenix, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

8. Detail view of downstream side, looking south. Buttresses, struttie ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Detail view of downstream side, looking south. Buttresses, strut-tie beams, and arch-rings are shown. The white discoloration on the concrete is the result of efflorescence. - Little Rock Creek Dam, Little Rock Creek, Littlerock, Los Angeles County, CA

3. VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM ARCHES. MASONRY ABOVE ARCHES IN THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM ARCHES. MASONRY ABOVE ARCHES IN THE SPANDREL WALL IS LAID IN A SEMI-COURSED RUBBLE PATTERN. - Core Creek County Bridge, Spanning Core Creek, approximately 1 mile South of State Route 332 (Newtown Bypass), Newtown, Bucks County, PA

17. VIEW EASTERLY ALONG DOWNSTREAM END OF THE SPILLWAY, SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. VIEW EASTERLY ALONG DOWNSTREAM END OF THE SPILLWAY, SHOWING CELL WALL CONSTRUCTION IN THE CRIB CUTOFF.... Volume XX, No. 4, August 3, 1940. - Prado Dam, Spillway, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

10. EASTERLY VIEW OF THE ACCESS ROAD TO THE DOWNSTREAM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. EASTERLY VIEW OF THE ACCESS ROAD TO THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF BIG DALTON DAM EXTENDING FROM THE FOOTBRIDGE TO THE GAGING STATION. BIG DALTON DAM IN BACKGROUND. - Big Dalton Dam, 2600 Big Dalton Canyon Road, Glendora, Los Angeles County, CA

60. PANORAMIC VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM FACE. No date, but believed ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

60. PANORAMIC VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM FACE. No date, but believed to be just subsequent to construction. Photograph by C.G. Duffey, Long Beach, California. (38' x 11' framed print). - Little Rock Creek Dam, Little Rock Creek, Littlerock, Los Angeles County, CA

VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF CHECK DAM, CONCRETE SPILLWAY WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF CHECK DAM, CONCRETE SPILLWAY WITH MORTARED ROCK WALLS, AND CIPPOLETTI WEIR ON TUMALO RESERVOIR FEED CANAL NEAR COLLINS ROAD (IN BACKGROUND). LOOKING NORTHEAST - Tumalo Irrigation District, Tumalo Project, West of Deschutes River, Tumalo, Deschutes County, OR

48. View of unlined canal downstream from MundyLoss bridge, from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

48. View of unlined canal downstream from Mundy-Loss bridge, from north side of canal looking southwest. Photo by Robin Lee Tedder, Puget Power, 1989. - Puget Sound Power & Light Company, White River Hydroelectric Project, 600 North River Avenue, Dieringer, Pierce County, WA

2. View from the Minnesota bank looking downstream (northnorthwest) at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. View from the Minnesota bank looking downstream (north-northwest) at bridge's southwest elevation; the bridge approach is missing - Enloe Bridge No. 90021, Spanning Red River of North between Minnesota & North Dakota on County State Aid Highway 28, Wolverton, Wilkin County, MN

STEEL ERECTION. View of downstream of bridge, looking southeast from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

STEEL ERECTION. View of downstream of bridge, looking southeast from confluence of Trinity and South Fork Trinity rivers. The old suspension bridge is in background - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

27. A DOWNSTREAM VIEW FROM THE LOWER END OF THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. A DOWNSTREAM VIEW FROM THE LOWER END OF THE OUTLET CONDUIT, SHOWING STILLING BASIN BAFFLE PIERS.... Volume XVII, No. 17, November 29, 1939. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

7. VIEW SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE AND TOE OF DAM, WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE AND TOE OF DAM, WITH OUTLET CULVERT AND WING RETAINING WALLS, LOOKING NORTH - High Mountain Dams in Upalco Unit, Twin Pots Dam, Ashley National Forest, 10.1 miles North of Mountain Home, Mountain Home, Duchesne County, UT

51. Photocopy of photograph, October 16, 1942. VIEW, LOOKING DOWNSTREAM, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

51. Photocopy of photograph, October 16, 1942. VIEW, LOOKING DOWNSTREAM, OF POWER HOUSE DURING FLOOD. (Courtesy of the Potomac Edison Company Library (Hagerstown, MD), Historical Data Files, Dam NO. 5 listing) - Dam No. 5 Hydroelectric Plant, On Potomac River, Hedgesville, Berkeley County, WV

2. EXTERIOR VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF COTTAGE 191 TAKEN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. EXTERIOR VIEW OF DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF COTTAGE 191 TAKEN FROM ROOF OF GARAGE 393. CAMERA FACING SOUTHEAST. COTTAGE 181 AND CHILDREN'S PLAY AREA VISIBLE ON EITHER SIDE OF ROOF. GRAPE ARBOR IN FOREGROUND. - Swan Falls Village, Cottage 191, Snake River, Kuna, Ada County, ID

VIEW OF FOSSIL CREEK DIVERSION DAM FROM DOWNSTREAM (INCLUDES 1950s ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF FOSSIL CREEK DIVERSION DAM FROM DOWNSTREAM (INCLUDES 1950s AUTOMATIC/REMOTE CONTROL SLUICE GATE IN UPPER CENTER OF DAM, NORTH SIDE). LOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST - Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project, Fossil Creek Diversion Dam, Forest Service Road 708/502, Camp Verde, Yavapai County, AZ

20. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF THE INTAKE STRUCTURE, SHOWING THE SLIDE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF THE INTAKE STRUCTURE, SHOWING THE SLIDE GATES FOR THE CONTROLLED OUTLET, IN POSITION FOR INSTALLATION.... Volume XVII, No. 15, November 13, 1939. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

12. Close up view of construction on the downstream face. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Close up view of construction on the downstream face. Track at lower center conveyed aggregate from the stream bed to the mixing plant. Photographer unknown, October 15, 1924. Source: Salt River Project. - Mormon Flat Dam, On Salt River, Eastern Maricopa County, east of Phoenix, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

3. DOWNSTREAM AERIAL VIEW OF THE DIVERSION CHANNEL AND CONTROL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. DOWNSTREAM AERIAL VIEW OF THE DIVERSION CHANNEL AND CONTROL WORKS. THE OUTLET CONTROL TOWER AND THE PIER FOR THE SERVICE BRIDGE ARE SHOWN COMPLETED.... Volume XVIII, No. 11, January 18, 1940. - Prado Dam, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

Downstream change of velocity in rivers

USGS Publications Warehouse

Leopold, Luna Bergere

1953-01-01

Because river slope generally decreases in a downstream direction, it is generally supposed that velocity of flow also decreases downstream. Analysis of some of the large number of velocity measurements made at stream-gaging stations demonstrates that mean velocity generally tends to increase downstream. Although there are many reaches in nearly all rivers where mean velocity decreases downstream, the general tendency for conservation or for downstream increase was found in all data studied.Computations of bed velocity indicate that this parameter also tends to increase downstream.Near the streambed, shear in the vertical profile of velocity (rate of decrease of velocity with depth) tends to decrease downstream. This down-valley decrease of shear implies decreasing competence downstream.

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, November 28, 1942 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 5, general view upstream from Franklin Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, August 22, 1941 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, general view upstream at STA. 40+00 - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, November 19, 1943 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 6, general view upstream from Hickory Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, September 7, 1938 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 1, general view at Dornick Point - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, March 27, 1942 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, general view upstream from Johns Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, April 3, 1941 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 3, general view upstream at Fourth Avenue Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, July 18, 1941 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, general view upstream at Walnut Street - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, April 26, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 1, general view upstream at Dornick Point - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, November 18, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 2, general view from Coopersdale Bridge ramp - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, November 28, 1942 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 5, general view upstream STA. 40+75 - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, July, 11, 1942 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 5, general view upstream from incline bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

5. AERATOR VIEW FROM DOWNSTREAM. FLUSH VALVE AT RIGHT OPENS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. AERATOR VIEW FROM DOWNSTREAM. FLUSH VALVE AT RIGHT OPENS TO CLEAR THE SYSTEM ABOVE THE SILT AND DEBRIS AND TO STOP THE FLOW OF WATER INTO THE SYSTEM DOWN LINE. BOX FLUME CONTINUES DOWN LINE TO SEDIMENTATION CHAMBER. - Kalaupapa Water Supply System, Waikolu Valley to Kalaupapa Settlement, Island of Molokai, Kalaupapa, Kalawao County, HI

1. CONTEXTUAL VIEW OF THE POST FALLS POWERHOUSE LOOKING DOWNSTREAM. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. CONTEXTUAL VIEW OF THE POST FALLS POWERHOUSE LOOKING DOWNSTREAM. POWER PLANT AND INTAKE GATES ARE IN THE LEFT FOREGROUND, AND THE ATTACHED 'OLD SWITCHING BUILDING' (NOW ABANDONED) IS IN THE RIGHT BACKGROUND, LOOKING NORTHWEST. - Washington Water Power Company Post Falls Power Plant, Middle Channel Powerhouse & Dam, West of intersection of Spokane & Fourth Streets, Post Falls, Kootenai County, ID

View of Flume Bridge #5 from FS 502 looking downstream ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of Flume Bridge #5 from FS 502 looking downstream (south). Bridge is on the left side of the photograph. This is similar to other flume bridges in the system and is the only photograph representing these features. - Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project, Childs System, Flume Bridge No. 5, Forest Service Road 708/502, Camp Verde, Yavapai County, AZ

20. View to southeast. Aerial view of bridge in setting; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. View to southeast. Aerial view of bridge in setting; downstream side. (135mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

5. DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION OF BRIDGE AND SUBSTRUCTURE (with graduated meter ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION OF BRIDGE AND SUBSTRUCTURE (with graduated meter pole); VIEW TO NORTH-NORTHEAST. - Auwaiakeakua Bridge, Spanning Auwaiakekua Gulch at Mamalahoa Highway, Waikoloa, Hawaii County, HI

Towards Microeconomic Resource Sharing in End System Multicast Networks Based on Walrasian General Equilibrium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rezvani, Mohammad Hossein; Analoui, Morteza

2010-11-01

We have designed a competitive economical mechanism for application level multicast in which a number of independent services are provided to the end-users by a number of origin servers. Each offered service can be thought of as a commodity and the origin servers and the users who relay the service to their downstream nodes can thus be thought of as producers of the economy. Also, the end-users can be viewed as consumers of the economy. The proposed mechanism regulates the price of each service in such a way that general equilibrium holds. So, all allocations will be Pareto optimal in the sense that the social welfare of the users is maximized.

2. A LONG VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM A SANDBAR LOCATED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. A LONG VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM A SANDBAR LOCATED DOWN RIVER OF THE BRIDGE. THE VIEW SHOWS THE WEST OR DOWNSTREAM SIDE. - Cement Plant Road Bridge, Spanning Leatherwood Creek on County Road 50 South, Bedford, Lawrence County, IN

16. Detail, lower chord connection point on downstream side at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Detail, lower chord connection point on downstream side at end panel showing lower chord eye bars, vertical tension eye bar, original and supplemental floor beams, turnbuckled lower laterals. View to northwest. - Dry Creek Bridge, Spanning Dry Creek at Cook Road, Ione, Amador County, CA

Elevated view of city from incline Johnstown Local Flood ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Elevated view of city from incline - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

11. View to southeast. More distant overview of bridge in ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. View to southeast. More distant overview of bridge in setting; downstream side. (135mm lens) - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

9. Close view of gate valves (foreground), paddle wheel guard ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Close view of gate valves (foreground), paddle wheel guard (midground), and water wheel (background), facing southeast (downstream) from drum screen cover. - Congdon Canal, Fish Screen, Naches River, Yakima, Yakima County, WA

View of Steel Flume Bridge #2 crossing over wash. Looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of Steel Flume Bridge #2 crossing over wash. Looking downstream, southwest - Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project, Childs System, Flume Bridge No. 2, Forest Service Road 708/502, Camp Verde, Yavapai County, AZ

View of west end of Childs Powerhouse, including transformer station ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of west end of Childs Powerhouse, including transformer station and associated sheds. Looking downstream (east) - Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project, Childs System, Childs Powerhouse, Forest Service Road 708/502, Camp Verde, Yavapai County, AZ

Polar View Snow Service- Operational Snow Cover Mapping for Downstream Runoff Modeling and Hydropower Predictions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bach, Heike; Appel, Florian; Rust, Felix; Mauser, Wolfram

2010-12-01

Information on snow cover and snow properties are important for hydrology and runoff modelling. Frequent updates of snow cover observation, especially for areas characterized by short-term snow dynamics, can help to improve water balance and discharge calculations. Within the GMES service element Polar View, VISTA offers a snow mapping service for Central Europe since several years [1, 2]. We outline the use of this near-real- time product for hydrological applications in Alpine environment. In particular we discuss the integration of the Polar View product into a physically based hydrological model (PROMET). This allows not only the provision of snow equivalent values, but also enhances river runoff modelling and its use in hydropower energy yield prediction. The GMES snow products of Polar View are thus used in a downstream service for water resources management, providing information services for renewable energy suppliers and energy traders.

12. DETAIL LOOKING AT DOWNSTREAM APRON OF LOGWAY, WITH ROLLER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. DETAIL LOOKING AT DOWNSTREAM APRON OF LOGWAY, WITH ROLLER GATE TRACK IN RIGHT FOREGROUND, POWER PENSTOCK OUTLETS (WITH DRAFT TUBE CONTROL VENTS OVER) IN LEFT BACKGROUND AND NEW YORK CANAL IN EXTREME LEFT BACKGROUND. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Boise Project, Boise River Diversion Dam, Across Boise River, Boise, Ada County, ID

29. VIEW OF TWIN FALLS MAIN CANAL BRIDGE FROM UPSTREAM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. VIEW OF TWIN FALLS MAIN CANAL BRIDGE FROM UPSTREAM LOOKING DOWNSTREAM. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID

30. VIEW OF TWIN FALLS MAIN CANAL FROM BRIDGE LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. VIEW OF TWIN FALLS MAIN CANAL FROM BRIDGE LOOKING WEST DOWNSTREAM. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID

Quantitative Infrared Image Analysis Of Thermally-Thin Cellulose Surface Temperatures During Upstream and Downstream Microgravity Flame Spread from A Central Ignition Line

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olson, Sandra L.; Lee, J. R.; Fujita, O.; Kikuchi, M.; Kashiwagi, T.

2012-01-01

Surface view calibrated infrared images of ignition and flame spread over a thin cellulose fuel were obtained at 30 Hz during microgravity flame spread tests in the 10 second Japan Microgravity Center (JAMIC). The tests also used a color video of the surface view and color images of the edge view using 35 millimeter 1600 Kodak Ektapress film at 2 Hz. The cellulose fuel samples (50% long fibers from lumi pine and 50% short fibers from birch) were made with an area density of 60 grams per square meters. The samples were mounted in the center of a 12 centimeter wide by 16 centimeter tall flow duct that uses a downstream fan to draw the air through the flow duct. Samples were ignited after the experiment package was released using a straight hot wire across the center of the 7.5 centimeter wide by 14 centimeter long samples. One case, at 1 atmosphere 35%O2 in N2, at a forced flow of 10 centimeters per second, is presented here. In this case, as the test progresses, the single flame begins to separate into simultaneous upstream and downstream flames. Surface temperature profiles are evaluated as a function of time, and temperature gradients for upstream and downstream flame spread are measured. Flame spread rates from IR image data are compared to visible image spread rate data. IR blackbody temperatures are compared to surface thermocouple readings to evaluate the effective emissivity of the pyrolyzing surface. Preheat lengths are evaluated both upstream and downstream of the central ignition point. A surface energy balance estimates the net heat flux from the flame to the fuel surface along the length of the fuel.

8. VIEW OF DAM 83, SHOWING OLD SOURIS RIVER CHANNEL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW OF DAM 83, SHOWING OLD SOURIS RIVER CHANNEL FROM THE DOWNSTREAM FACE OF THE DAM WITH POND A IN THE BACKGROUND, LOOKING SOUTH - Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge, Dam 83, Souris River Basin, Foxholm, Surrey (England), ND

30. VIEW OF THE WESTERN SIDEWALK ON PIER 5, SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. VIEW OF THE WESTERN SIDEWALK ON PIER 5, SHOWING DEDICATION PLAQUE ON EASTERN PIER TOWER, LOOKING EAST - West End-North Side Bridge, Spanning Ohio River, approximately 1 mile downstream from confluence of Monongahela & Allegheny rivers, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA

13. Detail view of drum screen short shaft gears, journal ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Detail view of drum screen short shaft gears, journal bearing, rotation drive chain, upper sprocket gear, and drum screen edge in background, facing southeast (downstream) from drum screen cover. - Congdon Canal, Fish Screen, Naches River, Yakima, Yakima County, WA

47. View of beginning of unlined canal from MundyLoss bridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. View of beginning of unlined canal from Mundy-Loss bridge downstream from fish screens, looking west. Photo by Robin Lee Tedder, Puget Power, 1989. - Puget Sound Power & Light Company, White River Hydroelectric Project, 600 North River Avenue, Dieringer, Pierce County, WA

8. A MEDIUM RANGE VIEW, LOOKING NORTH, OF THE UNDERSIDE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. A MEDIUM RANGE VIEW, LOOKING NORTH, OF THE UNDERSIDE OF THE BRIDGE, SHOWING THE PIER, GRAFFITI ON THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE AND THE CAST BRACKETS SUPPORTS. - Cement Plant Road Bridge, Spanning Leatherwood Creek on County Road 50 South, Bedford, Lawrence County, IN

5. An environmental view, looking due east from the roadbed ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. An environmental view, looking due east from the roadbed of the bridge. The downstream bed of Sugar Creek is prominent, flanked by pasture and woodlands - Vigo County Bridge No. 139, Spanning Sugar Creek at Seventy-fourth Place, Terre Haute, Vigo County, IN

63. VIEW OF TYPICAL TURBINE IN TURBINE WELL IN POWERHOUSE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

63. VIEW OF TYPICAL TURBINE IN TURBINE WELL IN POWERHOUSE, LOOKING DOWN THE SHAFT FROM JUST ABOVE NORMAL WATER LEVEL. LADDER IS ON DOWNSTREAM WALL. PHOTOGRAPHER STOOD ON DECK SHOWN IN LOWER LEFT CORNER - Swan Falls Dam, Snake River, Kuna, Ada County, ID

27. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE FIRST TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE FIRST TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM THE DOWNSTREAM END TO THE UPSTREAM END SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWEST). - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

OLD SUSPENSION BRIDGE. This view appears to be looking southeast, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

OLD SUSPENSION BRIDGE. This view appears to be looking southeast, at the downstream side of the suspension bridge, which was replaced by the South Fork Trinity River Bridge - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

6. VIEW OF DAM 83, SHOWING OUTLET CHANNEL FLOWING INTO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF DAM 83, SHOWING OUTLET CHANNEL FLOWING INTO POND A WITH DIVERSION GATES LONG EAST (LEFT) SIDE OF OUTLET CHANNEL, LOOKING SOUTH FROM DOWNSTREAM FACE OF THE DAM - Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge, Dam 83, Souris River Basin, Foxholm, Surrey (England), ND

7. OBLIQUE VIEW OF NORTH PORTAL AND DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. OBLIQUE VIEW OF NORTH PORTAL AND DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF BRIDGE, LOOKING WEST. Lights and illuminated sign on portal bracing were elements of an overheight load warning system designed to eliminate accidents of the type which damaged the bridge. However, the system was in place only on the north side of the bridge, controlling trucks approaching from Oregon. In theory, trucks with overheight, overwidth, or overweight loads from California would be controlled by the State's permit system. In fact, it was a 'permit' load originating in California, being hauled without the requisite permit which struck and damaged the bridge. - Smith River Bridge, CA State Highway 199 Spanning Smith River, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA

2. OVERALL VIEW OF INTAKE PIER AND ACCESS BRIDGE, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. OVERALL VIEW OF INTAKE PIER AND ACCESS BRIDGE, LOOKING NORTH. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

12. INTERIOR VIEW OF GATE OPERATOR ROOM, SHOWING SLIDES GATE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. INTERIOR VIEW OF GATE OPERATOR ROOM, SHOWING SLIDES GATE OPERATORS, LOOKING NORTHWEST. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

VIEW OF IRVING FLUME FROM FOSSIL SPRINGS (LINE THROUGH CENTER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF IRVING FLUME FROM FOSSIL SPRINGS (LINE THROUGH CENTER OF PHOTO) AND LOCATION OF IRVING POWER PLANT (LEFT CENTER) FROM FOREST SERVICE (FS) ROAD #708 (STRAWBERRY TO IRVING). LOOKING DOWNSTREAM (SOUTH-SOUTHWEST) - Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project, Forest Service Road 708/502, Camp Verde, Yavapai County, AZ

26. VIEW FROM EAST IN BRIDGE TENDER'S HOUSE, LEVERS FOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. VIEW FROM EAST IN BRIDGE TENDER'S HOUSE, LEVERS FOR GASOLINE ENGINE OPERATION FOR BRIDGE AND THEIR CONNECTIONS TO CONTROL RODS ON DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF SWING-SPAN; new bridge located in background - Tipers Bridge, Spanning Great Wicomico River at State Route 200, Kilmarnock, Lancaster County, VA

18. View of Tombigbee River Bridge facing east showing upstream ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. View of Tombigbee River Bridge facing east showing upstream side of bridge opposite broken railing located on the downstream side. Fallen power pole and telephone cable is shown in the center of the photograph. - Tombigbee River Bridge, Spanning Tombigbee River at State Highway 182, Columbus, Lowndes County, MS

24. VIEW OF CANYON TAKEN FROM NORTH CANYON RIM AROUND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. VIEW OF CANYON TAKEN FROM NORTH CANYON RIM AROUND 1920. CAMERA FACES SOUTH. VILLAGE IS TREE-COVERED AREA TO LEFT OF DAM AND POWERHOUSE. SUPERINTENDENT SAM GLASS'S ORCHARD IS DOWNSTREAM OF DAM ABOUT A QUARTER OF A MILE. - Swan Falls Village, Snake River, Kuna, Ada County, ID

1. CONTEXTUAL VIEW OF BRIDGE IN SETTING, LOOKING SOUTHWEST, FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. CONTEXTUAL VIEW OF BRIDGE IN SETTING, LOOKING SOUTHWEST, FROM DOWNSTREAM. Crew, vehicles, boats, and equipment are from the California Department of Transportation's Transportation Laboratory conducting test borings for the replacement bridge. - Smith River Bridge, CA State Highway 199 Spanning Smith River, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA

Temperature, Genes, and Sex: a Comparative View of Sex Determination in Trachemys scripta and Mus musculus

PubMed Central

Yao, Humphrey H-C; Capel, Blanche

2014-01-01

Sex determination, the step at which differentiation of males and females is initiated in the embryo, is of central importance to the propagation of species. There is a remarkable diversity of mechanisms by which sex determination is accomplished. In general these mechanisms fall into two categories: Genetic Sex Determination (GSD), which depends on genetic differences between the sexes, and Environmental Sex Determination (ESD), which depends on extrinsic cues. In this review we will consider these two means of determining sex with particular emphasis on two species: a species that depends on GSD, Mus musculus, and a species that depends on ESD, Trachemys scripta. Because the structural organization of the adult testis and ovary is very similar across vertebrates, most biologists had expected that the pathways downstream of the sex-determining switch would be conserved. However, emerging data indicate that not only are the initial sex determining mechanisms different, but the downstream pathways and morphogenetic events leading to the development of a testis or ovary also are different. PMID:16046442

Quantitative Infrared Image Analysis Of Simultaneous Upstream and Downstream Microgravity Flame Spread over Thermally-Thin Cellulose in Low Speed Forced Flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olson, S. L.; Lee, J. R.; Fujita, O.; Kikuchi, M.; Kashiwagi, T.

2013-01-01

The effect of low velocity forced flow on microgravity flame spread is examined using quantitative analysis of infrared video imaging. The objective of the quantitative analysis is to provide insight into the mechanisms of flame spread in microgravity where the flame is able to spread from a central location on the fuel surface, rather than from an edge. Surface view calibrated infrared images of ignition and flame spread over a thin cellulose fuel were obtained along with a color video of the surface view and color images of the edge view using 35 mm color film at 2 Hz. The cellulose fuel samples were mounted in the center of a 12 cm wide by 16 cm tall flow duct and were ignited in microgravity using a straight hot wire across the center of the 7.5 cm wide by 14 cm long samples. Four cases, at 1 atm. 35%O2 in N2, at forced flows from 2 cm/s to 20 cm/s are presented here. This flow range captures flame spread from strictly upstream spread at low flows, to predominantly downstream spread at high flow. Surface temperature profiles are evaluated as a function of time, and temperature gradients for upstream and downstream flame spread are measured. Flame spread rates from IR image data are compared to visible image spread rate data. IR blackbody temperatures are compared to surface thermocouple readings to evaluate the effective emissivity of the pyrolyzing surface. Preheat lengths and pyrolysis lengths are evaluated both upstream and downstream of the central ignition point. A surface energy balance estimates the net heat flux from the flame to the fuel surface along the length of the fuel. Surface radiative loss and gas-phase radiation from soot are measured relative to the net heat feedback from the flame. At high surface heat loss relative to heat feedback, the downstream flame spread does not occur.

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, September 1, 1943 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 6, view of construction downstream at STA. 152+50 - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, July 23, 1943 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 6, view downstream from RB STA. 144+00 - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, June 10, 1941 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, view of construction downstream at First Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, May 21, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, view downstream from Walnut Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, May 28, 1941 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 5, view downstream from Hickory Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

6. Oblique view of upstream side of Bridge Number 310.58, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Oblique view of upstream side of Bridge Number 310.58, 135mm lens. Note ashlar stone masonry abutment built in 1886, Tunnel 15 at left. Heavy vegetation cover, steep banks, and lack of streamside footing precluded full elevation views of the upstream and downstream sides of this bridge. - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 310.58, Milepost 310.58, Sims, Shasta County, CA

5. OBLIQUE VIEW OF INTAKE PIER AND ACCESS BRIDGE, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. OBLIQUE VIEW OF INTAKE PIER AND ACCESS BRIDGE, LOOKING SOUTHWEST, FROM THE EASTERN LEVEE. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

13. INTERIOR VIEW OF GATE OPERATOR ROOM, SHOWING UNFINISHED CONCRETE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. INTERIOR VIEW OF GATE OPERATOR ROOM, SHOWING UNFINISHED CONCRETE WALLS AND SLIDE GATE OPERATORS, LOOKING NORTH. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

1. OVERALL VIEW OF INTAKE PIER AND ACCESS BRIDGE, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. OVERALL VIEW OF INTAKE PIER AND ACCESS BRIDGE, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM WESTERN LEVEE OF THE SACRAMENTO RIVER. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

8. VIEW OF ACCESS BRIDGE AND INTAKE PIER FROM THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW OF ACCESS BRIDGE AND INTAKE PIER FROM THE BRIDGE PIER ABUTMENT, LOOKING NORTHEAST. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

6. VIEW OF APPROACH SPAN AND MAIN SPAN OF THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF APPROACH SPAN AND MAIN SPAN OF THE ACCESS BRIDGE AND INTAKE PIER, LOOKING SOUTHWEST. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

9. VIEW OF INTAKE PIER AND MAIN SPAN OF ACCESS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. VIEW OF INTAKE PIER AND MAIN SPAN OF ACCESS BRIDGE FROM WATER LEVEL, LOOKING NORTHWEST. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

15. Detail, lower chord connection point on downstream side, showing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Detail, lower chord connection point on downstream side, showing pinned connection of lower chord eye bars, laced vertical compression member, diagonal eye bar tension members, turnbuckled diagonal counters, and floor beam. Note also timber floor stringers supported by floor beam, and exposed ends of timber deck members visible at left above lower chord eye bar. View to northwest. - Dry Creek Bridge, Spanning Dry Creek at Cook Road, Ione, Amador County, CA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, May 23, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 3, view of channel excavation downstream at Fourth Avenue Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

2. INTERIOR OF NEWHALEM POWERHOUSE LOOKING SOUTHWEST; VIEW OF DOUBLEHUNG ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. INTERIOR OF NEWHALEM POWERHOUSE LOOKING SOUTHWEST; VIEW OF DOUBLE-HUNG PELTON WHEELS WITH THE WESTINGHOUSE 2500 KVA THREE-PHASE AC GENERATOR BETWEEN THEM; THE DIRECT-CONNECTED EXCITER IS TO THE LEFT OF THE NO. 2 TURBINE, 1987. - Skagit Power Development, Newhalem Powerhouse & Dam, On Skagit River, 0.3 mile downstream from Newhalem, Newhalem, Whatcom County, WA

11. DETAIL VIEW OF APPROACH TO INTAKE PIER FROM ACCESS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. DETAIL VIEW OF APPROACH TO INTAKE PIER FROM ACCESS BRIDGE, SHOWING DOOR TO INTERIOR GATE OPERATOR ROOM, LOOKING WEST. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Beseck Lake Dam (CT 00381), Connecticut River Basin, Middlefield, Connecticut. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

leaking. There is some excessive growth on the crest of the dam, on the masonry downstream face and in the downstream channel . The outlet pipe is of...measures: (1) eliminate and control growth on the dam and in the downstream channel ; (2) moni- tor leaks on a monthly basis; (3) level the tops of the...the downstream abutment, which is generally exposed bedrock. No excessive scour was noticed along this slope. The downstream channel is rather heavily

Rotor Aerodynamics in Ground Effect at Low Advance Ratios.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-07-27

the rotor wake flows entirely downstream. At test conditions were the recirculating flow or ground vortex is present there are marked departures...ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1 Cross Section of Test Facilty 12 2 Overall View of Test Facility and Rotor Model 13 3 Flow Pattern in Ground Vortex Regime, (v...entirely flowing downstream splits and a portion of the rotor wake flows forward (upstream) and then recirculates through the rotor or forms a vortex or

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, June 7, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 2, view of left bank in construction, looking downstream from RB STA. 63+75 - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

10. DETAIL VIEW OF LOWER LEVEL OF INTAKE PIER SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. DETAIL VIEW OF LOWER LEVEL OF INTAKE PIER SHOWING THE RIVER HEIGHT INDICATOR, ONE OF THE FIVE GATE OPENINGS, AND MOORINGS, LOOKING SOUTHWEST. - Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant Intake Pier & Access Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River approximately 175 feet west of eastern levee on river; roughly .5 mile downstream from confluence of Sacramento & American Rivers, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

28. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE SECOND TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE SECOND TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM THE DOWNSTREAM END TO THE UPSTREAM END SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWEST). NOTE THE STEEL BULKHEAD OF THE FLUME AND THE DRAFT TUBE EXTENDING BENEATH THE SILT DEPOSITS. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

1. West end of Bridge Number 210.52, oblique contextual view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. West end of Bridge Number 210.52, oblique contextual view to northwest showing the downstream side, 90mm lens. The long trestle approach to the west end of this bridge precluded safe accessibility for axial photography of the west portal. - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 210.52, Milepost 210.52, Tehama, Tehama County, CA

Experimental and analytical investigation of fan flow interaction with downstream struts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olsen, T. L.; Ng, W. F.; Obrien, W. F., Jr.

1985-01-01

An investigation which was designed to provide insight into the fundamental aspects of fan rotor-downstream strut interaction was undertaken. High response, miniature pressure transducers were embedded in the rotor blades of an experimental fan rig. Five downstream struts were placed at several downstream locations in the discharge flow annulus of the single-stage machine. Significant interaction of the rotor blade surface pressures with the flow disturbance produced by the downstream struts was measured. Several numerical procedures for calculating the quasi-steady rotor response due to downstream flow obstructions were developed. A preliminary comparison of experimental and calculated fluctuating blade pressures on the rotor blades shows general agreement between the experimental and calculated values.

30. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE THIRD TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE THIRD TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM THE DOWNSTREAM END TO THE UPSTREAM END SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWEST). NOTE THE STEEL BULKHEAD OF THE FLUME AND THE DRAFT TUBE EXTENDING BENEATH THE SILT DEPOSITS AND WATER LINE. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST INTO LOCK 71. NOTE THE CONCRETE WALL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST INTO LOCK 71. NOTE THE CONCRETE WALL WITH GATE-VALVED INLETS AT THE BOTTOM, BUILT AT THE LOCATION OF THE FORMER LOCK GATES. THE INLETS CONTROL THE VOLUME OF WATER PASSING THROUGH THE SPILLWAY TO MANAGE THE WATER FLOW TO THE DOWNSTREAM PORTION OF THE CANAL. - New York State Barge Canal, Lockport Locks, Richmond Avenue, Lockport, Niagara County, NY

The inviscid stability of supersonic flow past a sharp cone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duck, Peter W.; Shaw, Stephen J.

1990-01-01

The laminar boundary layer which forms on a sharp cone in a supersonic freestream, where lateral curvature plays a key role in the physics of the problem is considered. This flow is then analyzed from the point of view of linear, temporal, inviscid stability. The basic, non-axisymmetric disturbance equations are derived for general flows of this class, and a so called triply generalized inflexion condition is found for the existence of subsonic neutral modes of instability. This condition is analogous to the well-known generalized inflexion condition found in planar flows, although in the present case the condition depends on both axial and aximuthal wavenumbers. Extensive numerical results are presented for the stability problem at a freestream Mach number of 3.8, for a range of streamwise locations. These results reveal that a new mode of instability may occur, peculiar to flows of this type involving curvature. Additionally, asymptotic analyses valid close to the tip of the cone, far downstream of the cone are presented, and these give a partial (asymptotic) description of this additional mode of instability.

Seasonally-varying mechanical impact of the Tibetan Plateau on the South Asian Monsoon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bordoni, S.; Park, H.

2011-12-01

Land-sea thermal contrast and heating of the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau have long been considered the main driving of the large-scale South-Asian monsoon circulation. Recent works (e.g., Bordoni and Schneider 2008, Boos and Kuang 2010) have challenged this prevailing view, by suggesting that monsoons can occur even in the absence of zonal inhomogeneities and that the Tibetan Plateau might be acting more as a mechanical obstacle to the circulation than as its main heat source. Elucidating the role of land-sea contrast and of the Tibetan Plateau on the current South Asian climate is the first step to understand how this might have evolved on geological time-scales and how it might respond to changing radiative forcing and land surface conditions in future decades. In this work, we examine the mechanical impact of the Tibetan Plateau on the South Asian monsoon in a hierarchy of atmospheric general circulations models. During the pre-monsoon season and monsoon onset (April-May-June), when westerlies over the southern Tibetan Plateau are still strong, the Tibetan Plateau triggers early monsoon rainfall downstream. The downstream moist convection is accompanied by strong monsoonal low-level winds and subsidence upstream of the Tibetan Plateau. In experiments where the Tibetan Plateau is removed, monsoon onset occurs about one month later, but the circulation becomes progressively stronger and reaches comparable strength during the mature phase. During the mature and decaying phase of the monsoon (July-August-September), when westerlies over the southern Tibetan Plateau almost disappear, the strength of the monsoon circulation is largely unaffected by the presence of the Plateau. A dry dynamical core with east-west oriented narrow mountains in the subtropics consistently simulates downstream convergence with background zonal westerlies over the mountain range. In a moist atmosphere, the mechanically-driven downstream convergence is expected to be associated with significant moisture convergence. We argue that the mechanically-driven downstream convergence in the presence of the Tibetan Plateau is responsible for the zonally asymmetric monsoon onset, particularly over the Bay of Bengal and South China.

29. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE FOURTH TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE FOURTH TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM THE DOWNSTREAM END TO THE UPSTREAM END SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWEST). NOTE THE DRIVE SHAFT, GEAR AND WATER LINE EXTENDING FROM THE STEEL BULKHEAD. THIS EQUIPMENT IS EXTANT FROM THE ERA OF PULP MILL OPERATIONS. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

23. DETAIL VIEW OF THE C. 1905 DAYTON GLOBE TURBINE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. DETAIL VIEW OF THE C. 1905 DAYTON GLOBE TURBINE THAT IS STILL EXTANT IN THE SECOND FLUME (COUNTING FROM THE DOWNSTREAM FLUME TOWARDS THE UPSTREAM FLUMES) BENEATH THE GENERATOR FLOOR. THE DYNAMO THIS TURBINE WAS ATTACHED TO IS NO LONGER EXTANT. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

6. A PHOTOGRAPH LOOKING WEST, TAKEN FROM THE ROADWAY OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. A PHOTOGRAPH LOOKING WEST, TAKEN FROM THE ROADWAY OF THE BRIDGE, SHOWING A DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF ROCK CREEK DITCH. - Wells County Bridge No. 74, Spanning Rock Creek Ditch at County Road 400, Bluffton, Wells County, IN

31. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE SIXTH TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE SIXTH TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM THE DOWNSTREAM END TO THE UPSTREAM END SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWEST). THIS AREA IS THE PORTION OF THE PULP MILL THAT WAS NEVER REBUILT AFTER A DEVASTATING FIRE IN 1925 AND SUBSEQUENT END TO PULP PRODUCTION AT THIS SITE. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

33. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE FIFTH TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE FIFTH TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM THE DOWNSTREAM END TO THE UPSTREAM END SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWEST). THIS AREA IS THE PORTION OF THE PULP MILL THAT WAS NEVER REBUILT AFTER A DEVASTATING FIRE IN 1925 AND SUBSEQUENT END TO PULP PRODUCTION AT THIS SITE. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

1. FORMER DENVER, SOUTH PARK AND PACIFIC RAILROAD BRIDGE OVER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. FORMER DENVER, SOUTH PARK AND PACIFIC RAILROAD BRIDGE OVER CHALK CREEK, NEAR MT. PRINCETON HOT SPRINGS. VIEW DOWNSTREAM - Denver South Park & Pacific Railroad Bridge, Spanning Chalk Creek, near Mount Princeton Hot Spring, Romley (historical), Chaffee County, CO

5. Rockwork on the north bank of S. Platte River ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Rockwork on the north bank of S. Platte River located approximately 5 of a mile downstream from Deansbury Bridge. View looking northwest from a distance of 50 feet. - Denver & Rio Grande Rockwork, East of South Platte, Waterton, Jefferson County, CO

7. Rockwork on north bank of S. Platte River located ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Rockwork on north bank of S. Platte River located approximately .3 of a mile downstream from the Deansbury Bridge. View looking northwest from a distance of 30 feet. - Denver & Rio Grande Rockwork, East of South Platte, Waterton, Jefferson County, CO

Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade

USGS Publications Warehouse

Miranda, L.E.; Habrat, M.D.; Miyazono, S.

2008-01-01

Reservoirs have traditionally been regarded as spatially independent entities rather than as longitudinal segments of a river system that are connected upstream and downstream to the river and other reservoirs. This view has frustrated advancement in reservoir science by impeding adequate organization of available information and by hindering interchanges with allied disciplines that often consider impounded rivers at the basin scale. We analyzed reservoir morphology, water quality, and fish assemblage data collected in 24 reservoirs of the Tennessee River; we wanted to describe longitudinal changes occurring at the scale of the entire reservoir series (i.e., cascade) and to test the hypothesis that fish communities and environmental factors display predictable gradients like those recognized for unimpounded rivers. We used a data set collected over a 7-year period; over 3 million fish representing 94 species were included in the data set. Characteristics such as reservoir mean depth, relative size of the limnetic zone, water retention time, oxygen stratification, thermal stratification, substrate size, and water level fluctuations increased in upstream reservoirs. Conversely, reservoir area, extent of riverine and littoral zones, access to floodplains and associated wetlands, habitat diversity, and nutrient and sediment inputs increased in downstream reservoirs. Upstream reservoirs included few, largely lacustrine, ubiquitous fish taxa that were characteristic of the lentic upper reaches of the basin. Fish species richness increased in a downstream direction from 12 to 67 species/ reservoir as riverine species became more common. Considering impoundments at a basin scale by viewing them as sections in a river or links in a chain may generate insight that is not always available when the impoundments are viewed as isolated entities. Basin-scale variables are rarely controllable but constrain the expression of processes at smaller scales and can facilitate the organization of reservoir management efforts. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.

Streamflow losses along the Balcones Fault Zone, Nueces River basin, Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Land, L.F.; Boning, C.W.; Harmsen, Lynn; Reeves, R.D.

1983-01-01

Statistical evaluations of historical daily flow records for the streams that have gaging stations upstream and downstream from the recharge zone provided mathematical relationships that expressed downstream flow in terms of other significant parameters. For each stream, flow entering the recharge zone is most significant in defining downstream flow; for some streams, antecedent flows at the upstream site and ground-water levels are also significantly related to downstream flow. The analyses also determined the discharges required upstream from the recharge zone to sustain flow downstream from that zone. These discharges ranged from 355 cubic feet per second for the combined Frio and Dry Frio Rivers to 33 cubic feet per second for the Nueces River. The entire flows of lesser magnitude are generally lost to recharge to the aquifer.

Downstream energetic proton and alpha particles during quasi-parallel interplanetary shock events

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tan, L. C.; Mason, G. M.; Gloeckler, G.; Ipavich, F. M.

1988-01-01

This paper considers the energetic particle populations in the downstream region of three quasi-parallel interplanetary shock events, which was explored using the ISEE 3 Ultra Low Energy Charge Analyzer sensor, which unambiguously identifies protons and alpha particles using the electrostatic deflection versus residual energy technique. The downstream particles were found to exhibit anisotropies due largely to convection in the solar wind. The spectral indices of the proton and the alpha-particle distribution functions were found to be remarkably constant during the downstream period, being generally insensitive to changes in particle flux levels, magnetic field direction, and solar wind densities. In two of the three events, the proton and the alpha spectra were the same throughout the entire downstream period, supporting the prediction of diffusive shock acceleration theory.

Sand Transport, Flow Turbulence, and Bed Forms over an Immobile Gravel Bed

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Channels downstream of dams often become armored because the sediment supply from upstream is cut off. Sand is generally supplied to these armored reaches intermittently from tributaries downstream of the dam or from sand bypassing. Accurate predictions of the rate of transport of sand over and th...

Modeling a Change in Flowrate through Detention or Additional Pavement on the Receiving Stream : Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-11-01

The addition or removal of flow from a stream affects the water surface downstream and possibly upstream. The extent of such effects is generally determined by modeling the receiving stream. Guidance that concisely describes how far up/downstream a h...

Perceptions of the usefulness of external support to immunization coverage in Chad: an analysis of the GAVI-Alliance cash-based support.

PubMed

Ferrinho, Paulo; Dramé, Mohammed; Tumusiime, Prosper

2013-01-01

Chad is one of the countries supported by the GAVI-Alliance that remains with unsatisfactory vaccination coverage. This paper tries to understand the main barriers to better coverage. These barriers were categorised as up or downstream against the health system building blocks as proposed by WHO and compared with barriers and activities identified by the country in its health system's strengthening grant proposal as approved by the GAVI Alliance in 2007. Data were collected using a modified Delphi system and by analysis of grant and annual report documents. Most of the activities anticipated under the GAVI health system's strengthening proposal are activities targeting downstream barriers (the neglect of upstream issues is of major importance in a decentralised state like Chad) and aligned with, not complementary to, immunization services strengthening activities. Further, both set of cash grants are blind to important recommendations such as the need to address barriers at the level of leadership and governance and at the level of the financing system and also about initiatives to promote community demand of vaccination services. IN CHAD SLOW VACCINATION PROGRESS IS AGGRAVATED BY SEVERAL CONTEXTUAL BARRIERS: the size of the country, the low population density, the nomadic nature of a significant part of its peoples, the recent civil war, associated with civil unrest and political instability and its geographical localization. In this situation it would be important to sustain downstream operations (the major focus of the ISS grant) while taking a long term view of the needs of the health system. The GAVI effectively supports downstream operations, but neglects the long term view.

Perceptions of the usefulness of external support to immunization coverage in Chad: an analysis of the GAVI-Alliance cash-based support

PubMed Central

Ferrinho, Paulo; Dramé, Mohammed; Tumusiime, Prosper

2013-01-01

Introduction Chad is one of the countries supported by the GAVI-Alliance that remains with unsatisfactory vaccination coverage. This paper tries to understand the main barriers to better coverage. Methods These barriers were categorised as up or downstream against the health system building blocks as proposed by WHO and compared with barriers and activities identified by the country in its health system's strengthening grant proposal as approved by the GAVI Alliance in 2007. Data were collected using a modified Delphi system and by analysis of grant and annual report documents. Results Most of the activities anticipated under the GAVI health system's strengthening proposal are activities targeting downstream barriers (the neglect of upstream issues is of major importance in a decentralised state like Chad) and aligned with, not complementary to, immunization services strengthening activities. Further, both set of cash grants are blind to important recommendations such as the need to address barriers at the level of leadership and governance and at the level of the financing system and also about initiatives to promote community demand of vaccination services. Conclusion In Chad slow vaccination progress is aggravated by several contextual barriers: the size of the country, the low population density, the nomadic nature of a significant part of its peoples, the recent civil war, associated with civil unrest and political instability and its geographical localization. In this situation it would be important to sustain downstream operations (the major focus of the ISS grant) while taking a long term view of the needs of the health system. The GAVI effectively supports downstream operations, but neglects the long term view. PMID:24106572

32. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE SEVENTH TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING INTO THE SEVENTH TAILRACE (COUNTING FROM THE DOWNSTREAM END TO THE UPSTREAM END - SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWEST). THIS AREA IS THE PORTION OF THE PULP MILL THAT WAS NEVER REBUILT AFTER A DEVASTATING FIRE IN 1925 AND SUBSEQUENT END TO PULP PRODUCTION AT THIS SITE. NOTE THE DRIVE SHAFT AND OTHER REMNANTS FROM THE PULP MILLING OPERATION. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

Development of seawater tolerance and subsequent downstream migration in wild and stocked young-of-the-year derived Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts.

PubMed

Urke, H A; Arnekleiv, J V; Nilsen, T O; Nilssen, K J

2014-01-01

This study investigated the development of hypo-osmoregulatory capacity and timing of downstream migration in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts from the River Stjørdalselva and stocked young-of-the-year (YOY), derived S. salar smolts from the tributary River Dalåa. Both wild and stocked S. salar smolts developed seawater (SW) tolerance in early May, persisting through June, measured as their ability to regulate plasma osmolality and chloride following 24 h SW (salinity = 35) exposure. Although the majority of downstream migration among the stocked S. salar smolts occurred later than observed in their wild counterparts, the development of SW tolerance occurred concurrently. The wild S. salar from Stjørdalselva and stocked YOY smolts from the River Dalåa started to migrate on the same cumulative day-degrees (D°). The study revealed no downstream migration before development of SW tolerance. This emphasizes the importance of incorporating physiological status when studying environmental triggers for downstream migration of S. salar smolts. Overall, these findings suggest that the onset of smolt migration in stocked S. salar smolts was within the smolt window from an osmoregulatory point of view. © 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

13. Detail, downstream side of Bridge Number 310.58, showing lower ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Detail, downstream side of Bridge Number 310.58, showing lower chord connection, view to southeast, 210mm lens. The riveted portion of the bottom chord is at left, joined at the pin connection to the eyebars. The vertical intermediate post is a compression member, and is attached to one end of a floor beam that spans transversely below the bridge floor. There are paired diagonals to the left of the intermediate post, with a turnbuckled counter to rising diagonally to the right. The diagonals below the floor are bottom lateral members. - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 310.58, Milepost 310.58, Sims, Shasta County, CA

Effects of Timber Harvest on River Food Webs: Physical, Chemical and Biological Responses

PubMed Central

Wootton, J. Timothy

2012-01-01

I compared physical, chemical and biological characteristics of nine rivers running through three timber harvest regimes to investigate the effects of land use on river ecosystems, to determine whether these corresponded to changes linked with downstream location, and to compare the response of different types of indicator variables. Physical variables changed with downstream location, but varied little with timber harvest. Most chemical variables increased strongly with timber harvest, but not with downstream location. Most biological variables did not vary systematically with either timber harvst or downstream location. Dissolved organic carbon did not vary with timber harvest or downstream location, but correlated positively with salmonid abundance. Nutrient manipulations revealed no general pattern of nutrient limitation with timber harvest or downstream location. The results suggest that chemical variables most reliably indicate timber harvest impact in these systems. The biological variables most relevant to human stakeholders were surprisingly insensitive to timber harvest, however, apparently because of decoupling from nutrient responses and unexpectedly weak responses by physical variables. PMID:22957030

STS-61A earth observations

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-25

61A-200-019 (30 Oct-6 Nov 1985) --- The Nubian Desert of northern Sudan and southern Egypt. This view to the northeast, taken from a point 200 miles west of Khartoum, shows the Nile from Abu-Hamed downstream beyond Lake Nasser and the Aswan High Dam to the bend at Luxor.

Grammatical Difficulties in Children with Specific Language Impairment: Is Learning Deficient?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsu, Hsinjen Julie; Bishop, Dorothy V. M.

2010-01-01

Theoretical accounts of grammatical limitations in specific language impairment (SLI) have been polarized between those that postulate problems with domain-specific grammatical knowledge, and those that regard grammatical deficits as downstream consequences of perceptual or memory limitations. Here we consider an alternative view that grammatical…

PANDA-view: An easy-to-use tool for statistical analysis and visualization of quantitative proteomics data.

PubMed

Chang, Cheng; Xu, Kaikun; Guo, Chaoping; Wang, Jinxia; Yan, Qi; Zhang, Jian; He, Fuchu; Zhu, Yunping

2018-05-22

Compared with the numerous software tools developed for identification and quantification of -omics data, there remains a lack of suitable tools for both downstream analysis and data visualization. To help researchers better understand the biological meanings in their -omics data, we present an easy-to-use tool, named PANDA-view, for both statistical analysis and visualization of quantitative proteomics data and other -omics data. PANDA-view contains various kinds of analysis methods such as normalization, missing value imputation, statistical tests, clustering and principal component analysis, as well as the most commonly-used data visualization methods including an interactive volcano plot. Additionally, it provides user-friendly interfaces for protein-peptide-spectrum representation of the quantitative proteomics data. PANDA-view is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/panda-view/. 1987ccpacer@163.com and zhuyunping@gmail.com. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

With deck removed and critical members severed, the bridge begins ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

With deck removed and critical members severed, the bridge begins to succumb to tractors, pulling cables attached to its downstream side. View is to the southeast from confluence of Trinity and South Fork Trinity Rivers - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

Bioinformatic approaches to interrogating vitamin D receptor signaling.

PubMed

Campbell, Moray J

2017-09-15

Bioinformatics applies unbiased approaches to develop statistically-robust insight into health and disease. At the global, or "20,000 foot" view bioinformatic analyses of vitamin D receptor (NR1I1/VDR) signaling can measure where the VDR gene or protein exerts a genome-wide significant impact on biology; VDR is significantly implicated in bone biology and immune systems, but not in cancer. With a more VDR-centric, or "2000 foot" view, bioinformatic approaches can interrogate events downstream of VDR activity. Integrative approaches can combine VDR ChIP-Seq in cell systems where significant volumes of publically available data are available. For example, VDR ChIP-Seq studies can be combined with genome-wide association studies to reveal significant associations to immune phenotypes. Similarly, VDR ChIP-Seq can be combined with data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to infer the impact of VDR target genes in cancer progression. Therefore, bioinformatic approaches can reveal what aspects of VDR downstream networks are significantly related to disease or phenotype. Copyright © 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Downstream movement of fish in a tributary of southern Lake Superior

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Manion, P.J.

1977-01-01

The influence of two environmental factors, stream flow and water temperature, on the downstream movement of four fish species in the Big Garlic River over a 12-yr period is described. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) migrated after floods had subsided in the spring and during rising water in the fall at temperatures of about 10/sup 0/C. Brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) moved downstream chiefly in winter. Mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi) moved primarily in the winter and during floods. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) appeared to move generally in the fall as water levels increased and water temperatures decreased.

Identification of a sequence element on the 3' side of AAUAAA which is necessary for simian virus 40 late mRNA 3'-end processing.

PubMed Central

Sadofsky, M; Connelly, S; Manley, J L; Alwine, J C

1985-01-01

Our previous studies of the 3'-end processing of simian virus 40 late mRNAs indicated the existence of an essential element (or elements) downstream of the AAUAAA signal. We report here the use of transient expression analysis to study a functional element which we located within the sequence AGGUUUUUU, beginning 59 nucleotides downstream of the recognized signal AAUAAA. Deletion of this element resulted in (i) at least a 75% drop in 3'-end processing at the normal site and (ii) appearance of readthrough transcripts with alternate 3' ends. Some flexibility in the downstream position of this element relative to the AAUAAA was noted by deletion analysis. Using computer sequence comparison, we located homologous regions within downstream sequences of other genes, suggesting a generalized sequence element. In addition, specific complementarity is noted between the downstream element and U4 RNA. The possibility that this complementarity could participate in 3'-end site selection is discussed. Images PMID:3016512

Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zimmerman, Marc J.; Waldron, Marcus C.; DeSimone, Leslie A.

2015-01-01

Analysis of the representative constituents (total phosphorus, total chromium, and suspended sediment) upstream and downstream of impoundments indicated that the existing impoundments, such as Rice City Pond, can be sources of particulate contaminant loads in the Blackstone River. Loads of particulate phosphorus, particulate chromium, and suspended sediment were consistently higher downstream from Rice City Pond than upstream during high-flow events, and there was a positive, linear relation between streamflow and changes in these constituents from upstream to downstream of the impoundment. Thus, particulate contaminants were mobilized from Rice City Pond during high-flow events and transported downstream. In contrast, downstream loads of particulate phosphorus, particulate chromium, and suspended sediment were generally lower than or equal to upstream loads for the former Rockdale Pond impoundment. Sediments associated with the former impoundment at Rockdale Pond, breached in the late 1960s, did not appear to be mobilized during the high-flow events monitored during this study.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maze, Grace M.

STREAM II is the aqueous transport model of the Weather Information Display (WIND) emergency response system at Savannah River Site. It is used to calculate transport in the event of a chemical or radiological spill into the waterways on the Savannah River Site. Improvements were made to the code (STREAM II V7) to include flow from all site tributaries to the Savannah River total flow and utilize a 4 digit year input. The predicted downstream concentrations using V7 were generally on the same order of magnitude as V6 with slightly lower concentrations and quicker arrival times when all onsite streammore » flows are contributing to the Savannah River flow. The downstream arrival time at the Savannah River Water Plant ranges from no change to an increase of 8.77%, with minimum changes typically in March/April and maximum changes typically in October/November. The downstream concentrations are generally no more than 15% lower using V7 with the maximum percent change in January through April and minimum changes in June/July.« less

"Review of the Sustained Yield Plan / Habitat Conservation Plan for the properties of The Pacific Lumber Company, Scotia Pacific Holding Company, and Salmon Creek Corporation"

Treesearch

Leslie M. Reid

1998-01-01

Downstream impacts to aquatic environments and property generally occur as cumulative watershed impacts, which are usually caused by changes in the transport of woody debris, water, and sediment through a watershed. The downstream cumulative impacts that are likely to accrue from implementation of the Sustained Yield Plan / Habitat Conservation Plan for the properties...

Understanding the breakdown of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization at engine-relevant conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dahms, Rainer N.

2016-04-01

A generalized framework for multi-component liquid injections is presented to understand and predict the breakdown of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization at engine-relevant conditions. The analysis focuses on the thermodynamic structure and the immiscibility state of representative gas-liquid interfaces. The most modern form of Helmholtz energy mixture state equation is utilized which exhibits a unique and physically consistent behavior over the entire two-phase regime of fluid densities. It is combined with generalized models for non-linear gradient theory and for liquid injections to quantify multi-component two-phase interface structures in global thermal equilibrium. Then, the Helmholtz free energy is minimized which determines the interfacial species distribution as a consequence. This minimal free energy state is demonstrated to validate the underlying assumptions of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization. However, under certain engine-relevant conditions for which corroborating experimental data are presented, this requirement for interfacial thermal equilibrium becomes unsustainable. A rigorously derived probability density function quantifies the ability of the interface to develop internal spatial temperature gradients in the presence of significant temperature differences between injected liquid and ambient gas. Then, the interface can no longer be viewed as an isolated system at minimal free energy. Instead, the interfacial dynamics become intimately connected to those of the separated homogeneous phases. Hence, the interface transitions toward a state in local equilibrium whereupon it becomes a dense-fluid mixing layer. A new conceptual view of a transitional liquid injection process emerges from a transition time scale analysis. Close to the nozzle exit, the two-phase interface still remains largely intact and more classic two-phase processes prevail as a consequence. Further downstream, however, the transition to dense-fluid mixing generally occurs before the liquid length is reached. The significance of the presented modeling expressions is established by a direct comparison to a reduced model, which utilizes widely applied approximations but fundamentally fails to capture the physical complexity discussed in this paper.

Multimodal method for scattering of sound at a sudden area expansion in a duct with subsonic flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kooijman, G.; Testud, P.; Aurégan, Y.; Hirschberg, A.

2008-03-01

The scattering of sound at a sudden area expansion in a duct with subsonic mean flow has been modelled with a multimodal method. Technological applications are for instance internal combustion engine exhaust silencers and silencers in industrial duct systems. Both two-dimensional (2D) rectangular and 2D cylindrical geometry and uniform mean flow as well as non-uniform mean flow profiles are considered. Model results for the scattering of plane waves in case of uniform flow, in which case an infinitely thin shear layer is formed downstream of the area expansion, are compared to results obtained by other models in literature. Generally good agreement is found. Furthermore, model results for the scattering are compared to experimental data found in literature. Also here fairly good correspondence is observed. When employing a turbulent pipe flow profile in the model, instead of a uniform flow profile, the prediction for the downstream transmission- and upstream reflection coefficient is improved. However, worse agreement is observed for the upstream transmission and downstream reflection coefficient. On the contrary, employing a non-uniform jet flow profile, which represents a typical shear layer flow downstream of the expansion, gives worse agreement for the downstream transmission- and the upstream reflection coefficient, whereas prediction for the upstream transmission and downstream reflection coefficient improves.

29. Photocopy of a photograph (original print in the collection ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. Photocopy of a photograph (original print in the collection of the New Hampshire Water Resources Board, Concord, New Hampshire) 1927, photographer unknown 2 3/8 X 4 inch negative VIEW OF THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF DAM No.4, TAKEN FROM BELOW; THE COVERED FOOTBRIDGE. THE BUILDING IN THE BACKGROUND HAS SINCE BEEN DEMOLISHED. - Claremont Village Industrial District, Between B, Claremont, Sullivan County, NH

THE METAMORPHOSIS OF VISUAL SYSTEMS IN THE SEA LAMPREY

PubMed Central

Wald, George

1957-01-01

The life cycle of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, includes two metamorphoses. At the end of a period spent as a blind larva, buried in the mud of streams, a first metamorphosis prepares it to migrate downstream to the sea or a lake for its growth phase. Then, following a second metamorphosis, it migrates upstream as a sexually mature adult to spawn and die. The downstream migrants have a visual system based upon rhodopsin and vitamin A1, whereas that of the upstream migrants is based upon porphyropsin and vitamin A2. The livers contain vitamin A1 at all stages. The sea lamprey therefore exhibits a metamorphosis of visual systems, like those observed earlier among amphibia. The presence of porphyropsin in this member of the most primitive living group of vertebrates, as in fishes and amphibia, supports the notion that porphyropsin may have been the primitive vertebrate visual pigment. Its association with fresh water existence throughout this range of organisms also is consistent with the view that the vertebrate stock originated in fresh water. The observation that in the life cycle of the lamprey rhodopsin precedes porphyropsin is not at variance with the idea that porphyropsin is the more primitive pigment, since this change is part of the second metamorphosis, marking the return to the original environment. The observation that in lampreys, fishes, and amphibia, porphyropsin maintains the same general association with fresh water, and rhodopsin with marine and terrestrial habit, suggests that a single genetic mechanism may govern this association throughout this wide span of organisms. PMID:13439167

Site fidelity and condition metrics suggest sequential habitat use by early juvenile snook

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brame, Adam B.; McIvor, Carole; Peebles, Ernst B; Hollander, David J.

2014-01-01

The common snook Centropomus undecimalis is an estuarine-dependent fish that relies on landward wetlands as nursery habitat. Despite its economic importance, portions of the snook's early life history are poorly understood. We compared habitat use of young-of-the-year (YOY) snook in 2 geomorphic mesohabitats (tidal pond and tidal creek) along an estuarine gradient (upstream vs. downstream) within a single wetland during fall recruitment. We used abundance, length, condition indices, and stable isotopes to assess ontogenetic mesohabitat use and site fidelity. We found that (1) YOY snook were more abundant within the upstream creek and ponds; (2) the smallest snook were found only in ponds; (3) snook from ponds had lower condition (Fulton's K and hepatosomatic index); (4) snook began moving from ponds to the creek at ~40 mm standard length; and (5) snook from the 2 mesohabitats were isotopically distinct, indicating high site fidelity at rather small spatial scales. Collectively, these data identified sequential use of mesohabitats, wherein seaward-spawned YOY snook moved landward and recruited to pond habitats, where they dedicated energy to growth (as length) before making an ontogenetic habitat shift to the creek. Once in the creek, YOY snook condition improved as they approached maturity and started the downstream return towards seaward locations. The wetland network that was previously viewed as generalized nursery habitat instead consists of mesohabitats that support different life stages in sequence. This represents ontogenetic habitat complementation, in which lower availability of a required mesohabitat type may limit the entire wetland's contribution to the adult population.

Carbon isotope fractionation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to outgassing of carbon dioxide from a headwater stream

USGS Publications Warehouse

Doctor, D.H.; Kendall, C.; Sebestyen, S.D.; Shanley, J.B.; Ohte, N.; Boyer, E.W.

2008-01-01

The stable isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (??13C-DIC) was investigated as a potential tracer of streamflow generation processes at the Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, USA. Downstream sampling showed ?? 13C-DIC increased between 3-5??? from the stream source to the outlet weir approximately 0??5 km downstream, concomitant with increasing pH and decreasing PCO2. An increase in ??13C-DIC of 2.4 ?? 0??1??? per log unit decrease of excess PCO2 (stream PCO2 normalized to atmospheric PCO2) was observed from downstream transect data collected during snowmelt. Isotopic fractionation of DIC due to CO2 outgassing rather than exchange with atmospheric CO2 may be the primary cause of increased ?? 13C-DIC values downstream when PCO2 of surface freshwater exceeds twice the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Although CO2 outgassing caused a general increase in stream ??13C-DIC values, points of localized groundwater seepage into the stream were identified by decreases in ??13C-DIC and increases in DIC concentration of the stream water superimposed upon the general downstream trend. In addition, comparison between snowmelt, early spring and summer seasons showed that DIC is flushed from shallow groundwater flowpaths during snowmelt and is replaced by a greater proportion of DIC derived from soil CO2 during the early spring growing season. Thus, in spite of effects from CO2 outgassing, ??13C of DIC can be a useful indicator of groundwater additions to headwater streams and a tracer of carbon dynamics in catchments. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Defining ecosystem flow requirements for the Bill Williams River, Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shafroth, Patrick B.; Beauchamp, Vanessa B.

2006-01-01

Alteration of natural river flows resulting from the construction and operation of dams can result in substantial changes to downstream aquatic and bottomland ecosystems and undermine the long-term health of native species and communities (for general review, cf. Ward and Stanford, 1995; Baron and others, 2002; Nilsson and Svedmark, 2002). Increasingly, land and water managers are seeking ways to manage reservoir releases to produce flow regimes that simultaneously meet human needs and maintain the health and sustainability of downstream biotaa.

Spatiotemporal variability of inorganic nutrients during wastewater effluent dominated streamflow conditions in Indian Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2012–15

USGS Publications Warehouse

Foster, Guy M.; Graham, Jennifer L.; Williams, Thomas J.; King, Lindsey R.

2016-10-31

Nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are a leading cause of water-quality impairment in Kansas and the Nation. Indian Creek is one of the most urban drainage basins in Johnson County, Kansas, and environmental and biological conditions are affected by contaminants from point and other urban sources. The Johnson County Douglas L. Smith Middle Basin (hereinafter Middle Basin) wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) is the largest point-source discharge on Indian Creek. A second facility, the Tomahawk Creek WWTF, discharges into Indian Creek approximately 11.6 kilometers downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF. To better characterize the spatiotemporal variability of nutrients in Indian Creek, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment and Johnson County Wastewater, collected high-resolution spatial and temporal (a large number of samples collected over the entire reach or at single locations over a long period of time) inorganic nutrient (nitrate plus nitrite and orthophosphorus) data using a combination of discrete samples and sensor-measured data during 2012 through 2015.Nutrient patterns observed in Indian Creek along the upstream-downstream gradient during wastewater effluent dominated streamflow conditions were largely affected by the WWTFs and by travel time of the parcels of water. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations in the Middle Basin WWTF effluent and at downstream sites varied by as much as 6 milligrams per liter over a 24-hour period. The cyclical variability in the Middle Basin WWTF effluent generated a nitrate plus nitrite pulse that could be tracked for approximately 11.5 kilometers downstream in Indian Creek, until the effect was masked by the Tomahawk Creek WWTF effluent discharge. All longitudinal surveys showed the same general patterns along the upstream-downstream gradient, though streamflows, wastewater effluent contributions to streamflow, and nutrient concentrations spanned a wide range. Differences in orthophosphorus and nitrate plus nitrite patterns were clear along the upstream-downstream gradient in Indian Creek, and orthophosphorus concentrations were not as variable as nitrate plus nitrite concentrations. In general, nitrate plus nitrite concentrations decreased downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF to minima near the confluence with Tomahawk Creek, increased downstream from the Tomahawk Creek WWTF, and then varied little within the study reach. Orthophosphorus concentrations generally decreased downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF.Despite the marked variability in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations caused by the Middle Basin WWTF effluent discharges, decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were discernable along the study reach between the two WWTFs. Decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations along study reach were less variable than the cyclical variability typically measured, reiterating the effect of the Middle Basin WWTF effluent discharges on the spatiotemporal variability of nitrate plus nitrite in Indian Creek. Although decreases and rates of change in nitrate plus nitrite concentration were similar between the upper and lower reaches of Indian Creek, relations with initial nitrate plus nitrite concentrations and seasonal patterns were different between the upper (from College to the Marty study sites) and lower reaches (from Marty to the Mission Farms study sites) and did not reflect patterns observed for the overall reach. Quantifying the decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentration caused by dilution and other in-stream processes were beyond the scope of this study, and were limited by available data. The data that are available suggest that dilution and other in-stream processes play a role in decreasing nitrate plus nitrite concentrations downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF in Indian Creek.Analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of nutrients focused on below-normal and normal streamflow conditions, when streamflow and nutrient conditions in Indian Creek were largely controlled by WWTF effluent flows and nutrient removal processes. Spatial and temporal data indicate there are decreases in nutrient concentrations along the upstream-downstream gradient in Indian Creek, but quantifying decreases is complicated by the variability in nutrient concentrations caused by the WWTFs. During below-normal and normal streamflow conditions, Indian Creek nutrient concentrations downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF primarily reflect effluent concentrations in the hours or days before depending on relative distance downstream.

Distributional Impacts of Large Dams in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bao, X.

2010-12-01

Dams on a river are believed to have heterogeneous impacts to the upstream, local and downstream areas. Generally, irrigation dams will bring benefits to the downstream by facilitating more irrigation, while it will bring negative impacts to upstream due to inundation or no impact to local area as a combination result of population dislocation and economic benefits. This paper checked the impacts of large dams (above 100 meters) on the upstream, downstream and local area, using 2000-2008 county level data in China. Robust heterogeneous impacts of different categories of dams (mainly dams serving for irrigation, hydropower, or other purposes) were found on different areas, using IV regression approaches. Dams higher than 100 meters are significantly and heterogeneously impacting agricultural production, urban employment and rural per capita income. Its beneficial impact on agriculture production is significant for downstream especially in continuous drought years. But its impacts on social welfare indicators, such as primary school enrollment and hospital beds, are not heterogeneously different across regions.

Impacts of large dams on downstream flow conditions of rivers: Aggradation and reduction of the Medjerda channel capacity downstream of the Sidi Salem dam (Tunisia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zahar, Yadh; Ghorbel, Abdelmajid; Albergel, Jean

2008-04-01

SummarySince the opening of the Sidi Salem dam on the watercourse of the Medjerda, in 1981, an alarming narrowing of the riverbed in the lower valley has been observed. This geo-morphological change is attributed to different factors ranking from the reduction in the discharge flows, which used to clean out the riverbed to the periodic releases of turbid water undertaken to remove the silt deposition inside the reservoir, which increased the sediment deposition in the downstream channel. Other smaller hydraulic projects are also held responsible for the loss of the water velocity including a series of concrete sills meant to raise water levels, numerous cross bridges and the management of the downstream Laroussia dam regulating the discharge from the Cap Bon canal. The above anthropogenic factors, in conjunction with natural topographical conditions characterized by a generally shallow slope and a very sinuous watercourse, led to an extremely rapid aggradation of the downstream channel-bed. This paper proposes an analysis of this process and argues that the resulting reduction in channel capacity is one of the major causes of the large floods experienced in the country since 1996.

Climate change impact on infection risks during bathing downstream of sewage emissions from CSOs or WWTPs.

PubMed

Sterk, Ankie; de Man, Heleen; Schijven, Jack F; de Nijs, Ton; de Roda Husman, Ana Maria

2016-11-15

Climate change is expected to influence infection risks while bathing downstream of sewage emissions from combined sewage overflows (CSOs) or waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) due to changes in pathogen influx, rising temperatures and changing flow rates of the receiving waters. In this study, climate change impacts on the surface water concentrations of Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium and norovirus originating from sewage were modelled. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used to assess changes in risks of infection. In general, infection risks downstream of WWTPs are higher than downstream CSOs. Even though model outputs show an increase in CSO influxes, in combination with changes in pathogen survival, dilution within the sewage system and bathing behaviour, the effects on the infection risks are limited. However, a decrease in dilution capacity of surface waters could have significant impact on the infection risks of relatively stable pathogens like Cryptosporidium and norovirus. Overall, average risks are found to be higher downstream WWTPs compared to CSOs. Especially with regard to decreased flow rates, adaptation measures on treatment at WWTPs may be more beneficial for human health than decreasing CSO events. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, December 8, 1939 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 3, view upstream from Bethlehem steel footbridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, March 27, 1942 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 5, view of stadium upstream from point bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, August 22, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, view upstream from point stadium - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, May 28, 1941 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 5, view upstream from Franklin Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, May 21, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, view upstream from prospect viaduct - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, November 19, 1943 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 6, view of Solomon Run Outlet, looking north - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, May 28, 1941 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 6, view upstream from Hickory Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, June 10, 1941 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, view of weir at point, looking southeast - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Orbiter BLT Flight Experiment Wind Tunnel Simulations: Nearfield Flowfield Imaging and Surface Thermography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Danehy, Paul M.; Ivey, Christoper B.; Barthel, Brett F.; Inman, Jennifer A.; Jones, Stephen B.; Watkins, Anthony N.; Goodman, Kyle Z.; McCrea, Andrew C.; Leighty, Bradley D.; Lipford, William K.;

Upstream and Downstream Influence in STBLI Instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Pino; Priebe, Stephan; Helm, Clara

2016-11-01

Priebe and Martín (JFM, 2012) show that the low-frequency unsteadiness in shockwave and turbulent boundary layer interactions (STBLI) is governed by an inviscid instability. Priebe, Tu, Martín and Rowley (JFM, 2016) show that the instability is an inviscid centrifugal one, i.e Görtlerlike vortices. Previous works had given differing conclusions as to whether the low-frequency unsteadiness in STBLI is caused by an upstream or downstream mechanism. In this paper, we reconcile these opposite views and show that upstream and downstream correlations co-exist in the context of the nature of Görtler vortices. We find that the instability is similar to that in separated subsonic and laminar flows. Since the turbulence is modulated but passive to the global mode, the turbulent separated flows are amenable to linear global analysis. As such, the characteristic length and time scales, and the receptivity of the global mode might be determined, and low-order models that represent the low-frequency dynamics in STBLI might be developed. The centrifugal instability persists even under hypersonic conditions. This work is funded by the AFOSR Grant Number AF9550-15-1-0284 with Dr. Ivett Leyva.

Biota connect aquatic habitats throughout freshwater ecosystem mosaics

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schofield, Kate A.; Alexander, Laurie C.; Ridley, Caroline E.; Vanderhoof, Melanie; Fritz, Ken M.; Autrey, Bradley; DeMeester, Julie; Kepner, William G.; Lane, Charles R.; Leibowitz, Scott; Pollard, Amina I.

2018-01-01

Freshwater ecosystems are linked at various spatial and temporal scales by movements of biota adapted to life in water. We review the literature on movements of aquatic organisms that connect different types of freshwater habitats, focusing on linkages from streams and wetlands to downstream waters. Here, streams, wetlands, rivers, lakes, ponds, and other freshwater habitats are viewed as dynamic freshwater ecosystem mosaics (FEMs) that collectively provide the resources needed to sustain aquatic life. Based on existing evidence, it is clear that biotic linkages throughout FEMs have important consequences for biological integrity and biodiversity. All aquatic organisms move within and among FEM components, but differ in the mode, frequency, distance, and timing of their movements. These movements allow biota to recolonize habitats, avoid inbreeding, escape stressors, locate mates, and acquire resources. Cumulatively, these individual movements connect populations within and among FEMs and contribute to local and regional diversity, resilience to disturbance, and persistence of aquatic species in the face of environmental change. Thus, the biological connections established by movement of biota among streams, wetlands, and downstream waters are critical to the ecological integrity of these systems. Future research will help advance our understanding of the movements that link FEMs and their cumulative effects on downstream waters.

NASA Data Acquisition System Software Development for Rocket Propulsion Test Facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herbert, Phillip W., Sr.; Elliot, Alex C.; Graves, Andrew R.

2015-01-01

Current NASA propulsion test facilities include Stennis Space Center in Mississippi, Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama, Plum Brook Station in Ohio, and White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico. Within and across these centers, a diverse set of data acquisition systems exist with different hardware and software platforms. The NASA Data Acquisition System (NDAS) is a software suite designed to operate and control many critical aspects of rocket engine testing. The software suite combines real-time data visualization, data recording to a variety formats, short-term and long-term acquisition system calibration capabilities, test stand configuration control, and a variety of data post-processing capabilities. Additionally, data stream conversion functions exist to translate test facility data streams to and from downstream systems, including engine customer systems. The primary design goals for NDAS are flexibility, extensibility, and modularity. Providing a common user interface for a variety of hardware platforms helps drive consistency and error reduction during testing. In addition, with an understanding that test facilities have different requirements and setups, the software is designed to be modular. One engine program may require real-time displays and data recording; others may require more complex data stream conversion, measurement filtering, or test stand configuration management. The NDAS suite allows test facilities to choose which components to use based on their specific needs. The NDAS code is primarily written in LabVIEW, a graphical, data-flow driven language. Although LabVIEW is a general-purpose programming language; large-scale software development in the language is relatively rare compared to more commonly used languages. The NDAS software suite also makes extensive use of a new, advanced development framework called the Actor Framework. The Actor Framework provides a level of code reuse and extensibility that has previously been difficult to achieve using LabVIEW. The

Information Viewpoints and Geoscience Service Architectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cox, S. J.

2007-12-01

When dealing with earth science data, different use-cases may require different views of the underlying information. At a basic level, data generation and initial assimilation generally involves dealing with event-based types and different granularity than data organized for processing, often on a grid, while further downstream the desired result of most scientific exercises is an interpretation view characterized by high semantic content and small size. The stages often map reasonably well onto the basic meta-models of Observation, Coverage and Feature provided by the OGC/ISO 19100 framework, and the matching service interfaces (SOS, WCS, WFS). However, on closer inspection of common use-cases, the vision of the Observation viewpoint as most primitive and the Feature viewpoint as most evolved does not consistently stand up. Furthermore, common discovery and access routes may involve traversing associations between instances using different viewpoints. These considerations lead to information (and thus service) composition arrangements with a variety of data flows. For example, an observation service may obtain its result data from a coverage service, while another coverage may be composed from multiple atomic observations; observations are often discovered through their association with a sampling-feature such as a cruise or borehole, or with a sensor platform such as a specific satellite whose description is available from a strongly governed register. The relationship of service instances to data stores (or other sources) is also not one-to-one, as multiple views of the same data are frequently involved. Useful service profiles may thus imply specific service architectures, and requirement to transform between viewpoints becomes almost ubiquitous. Adherence to a sound underlying meta-model for both data and services is a key enabler.

Movement of reservoir-stocked riverine fish between tailwaters and rivers

USGS Publications Warehouse

Spoelstra, J.A.; Stein, R.A.; Royle, J. Andrew; Marschall, E.A.

2008-01-01

The movement of fish from onstream impoundments into connected streams and rivers has traditionally been overlooked in fish stocking decisions but is critical to the ultimate impact of stocking riverine species into reservoirs. Hybrid saugeyes (female walleye Sander vitreus x male sauger S. canadensis) stocked into Deer Creek Reservoir, Ohio, readily move from the reservoir to the tailwater below. Downstream movement of these saugeyes from the tailwater may have consequences for native prey species and parental stocks downstream. We used fixed-station radiotelemetry to quantify the temporal movement patterns of 203 reservoir-stocked saugeyes from the tailwater of the reservoir, the stream flowing from the tailwater, and the river into which the stream flowed. From October 1998 through July 2000, most (75%) saugeyes never left the tailwater, and those that left returned 75% of the time. Overall, saugeyes spent 90% of their time in the tailwater, 7-8% of their time downstream in small streams, and 2-3% of their time farther downstream in the Scioto River (45 km downstream). No radio-tagged saugeyes moved to the Ohio River (155 km downstream). The probability of downstream movement generally increased with increasing flow and when dissolved oxygen dropped to lethal levels in summer. The probability of movement was highest in winter and spring, when it was probably related to spawning, and low in summer (except when dissolved oxygen was low) and fall. The patterns of movement seemed to reflect the relative suitability of tailwater over stream habitat. The predominant use of and return to tailwater habitat after downstream movement limited overall stream and river residence time. Although the daily movement probability for an individual was low, when we apply these rates to all of the stocked saugeyes in the Ohio River drainage, we cannot safely conclude that only small numbers move from reservoir tailwaters to downstream river systems. We recommend that managers refrain from stocking systems for which there are concerns about native species in connected drainages.

Diffusive Shock Acceleration and Reconnection Acceleration Processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zank, G. P.; Hunana, P.; Mostafavi, P.; Le Roux, J. A.; Li, Gang; Webb, G. M.; Khabarova, O.; Cummings, A.; Stone, E.; Decker, R.

2015-12-01

Shock waves, as shown by simulations and observations, can generate high levels of downstream vortical turbulence, including magnetic islands. We consider a combination of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) and downstream magnetic-island-reconnection-related processes as an energization mechanism for charged particles. Observations of electron and ion distributions downstream of interplanetary shocks and the heliospheric termination shock (HTS) are frequently inconsistent with the predictions of classical DSA. We utilize a recently developed transport theory for charged particles propagating diffusively in a turbulent region filled with contracting and reconnecting plasmoids and small-scale current sheets. Particle energization associated with the anti-reconnection electric field, a consequence of magnetic island merging, and magnetic island contraction, are considered. For the former only, we find that (i) the spectrum is a hard power law in particle speed, and (ii) the downstream solution is constant. For downstream plasmoid contraction only, (i) the accelerated spectrum is a hard power law in particle speed; (ii) the particle intensity for a given energy peaks downstream of the shock, and the distance to the peak location increases with increasing particle energy, and (iii) the particle intensity amplification for a particular particle energy, f(x,c/{c}0)/f(0,c/{c}0), is not 1, as predicted by DSA, but increases with increasing particle energy. The general solution combines both the reconnection-induced electric field and plasmoid contraction. The observed energetic particle intensity profile observed by Voyager 2 downstream of the HTS appears to support a particle acceleration mechanism that combines both DSA and magnetic-island-reconnection-related processes.

The modules of trans-acyltransferase assembly lines redefined with a central acyl carrier protein.

PubMed

Vander Wood, Drew A; Keatinge-Clay, Adrian T

2018-06-01

Here, the term "module" is redefined for trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) assembly lines to agree with how its domains cooperate and evolutionarily co-migrate. The key domain in both the polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) modules of assembly lines is the acyl carrier protein (ACP). ACPs not only relay growing acyl chains through the assembly line but also collaborate with enzymes in modules, both in cis and in trans, to add a specific chemical moiety. A ketosynthase (KS) downstream of ACP often plays the role of gatekeeper, ensuring that only a single intermediate generated by the enzymes of a module is passed downstream. Bioinformatic analysis of 526 ACPs from 33 characterized trans-AT assembly lines reveals ACPs from the same module type generally clade together, reflective of the co-evolution of these domains with their cognate enzymes. While KSs downstream of ACPs from the same module type generally also clade together, KSs upstream of ACPs do not-in disagreement with the traditional definition of a module. Beyond nomenclature, the presented analysis impacts our understanding of module function, the evolution of assembly lines, pathway prediction, and assembly line engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, November 19, 1943 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 6, view of WPA masonry wall and dike upstream from Central Avenue Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, June 3, 1942 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 6, view of Solomon Run, looking north, RB STA. 135+25 - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, April 24, 1942 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 5, view of channel excavation upstream at Franklin Street Bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Watering the forest for the trees: An emerging priority for managing water in forest landscapes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Grant, Gordon E.; Tague, Christina L.; Allen, Craig D.

2013-01-01

Widespread threats to forests resulting from drought stress are prompting a re-evaluation of priorities for water management on forest lands. In contrast to the widely held view that forest management should emphasize providing water for downstream uses, we argue that maintaining forest health in the context of a changing climate may require focusing on the forests themselves and on strategies to reduce their vulnerability to increasing water stress. Management strategies would need to be tailored to specific landscapes but could include thinning, planting and selecting for drought-tolerant species, irrigating, and making more water available to plants for transpiration. Hydrologic modeling reveals that specific management actions could reduce tree mortality due to drought stress. Adopting water conservation for vegetation as a priority for managing water on forested lands would represent a fundamental change in perspective and potentially involve trade-offs with other downstream uses of water.

Recovery of biotechnological products using aqueous two phase systems.

PubMed

Phong, Win Nee; Show, Pau Loke; Chow, Yin Hui; Ling, Tau Chuan

2018-04-16

Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) has been suggested as a promising separation tool in the biotechnological industry. This liquid-liquid extraction technique represents an interesting advance in downstream processing due to several advantages such as simplicity, rapid separation, efficiency, economy, flexibility and biocompatibility. Up to date, a range of biotechnological products have been successfully recovered from different sources with high yield using ATPS-based strategy. In view of the important potential contribution of the ATPS in downstream processing, this review article aims to provide latest information about the application of ATPS in the recovery of various biotechnological products in the past 7 years (2010-2017). Apart from that, the challenges as well as the possible future work and outlook of the ATPS-based recovery method have also been presented in this review article. Copyright © 2018 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2. GENERAL VIEW, EAST FRONT, NORTHWEST VIEW Kingsway Center ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW, EAST FRONT, NORTHWEST VIEW - Kingsway Center Commercial Area, Bounded by Kings Highway, Doctor Martin Luther King Boulevard, Page Avenue, & Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Independent City, MO

29. View captioned Construction of Shipbuilding Dock, general view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. View captioned Construction of Shipbuilding Dock, general view looking southwest, completed. Jan. 2, 1919. - Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Drydock No. 3, Farragut Avenue, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

1. GENERAL VIEW OF COMPLEX, SHOWING FACTORY BUILDING IN LEFT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF COMPLEX, SHOWING FACTORY BUILDING IN LEFT FOREGROUND, GRINDING PLATFORM AT REAR OF FACTORY, AND STABLE AREA AND OVERSEER'S HOUSE TO RIGHT - Caneel Bay Plantation, General Views, Cruz Bay, St. John, VI

Possible roles of exceptionally conserved residues around the selectivity filters of sodium and calcium channels.

PubMed

Tikhonov, Denis B; Zhorov, Boris S

2011-01-28

In the absence of x-ray structures of sodium and calcium channels their homology models are used to rationalize experimental data and design new experiments. A challenge is to model the outer-pore region that folds differently from potassium channels. Here we report a new model of the outer-pore region of the NaV1.4 channel, which suggests roles of highly conserved residues around the selectivity filter. The model takes from our previous study (Tikhonov, D. B., and Zhorov, B. S. (2005) Biophys. J. 88, 184-197) the general disposition of the P-helices, selectivity filter residues, and the outer carboxylates, but proposes new intra- and inter-domain contacts that support structural stability of the outer pore. Glycine residues downstream from the selectivity filter are proposed to participate in knob-into-hole contacts with the P-helices and S6s. These contacts explain the adapted tetrodotoxin resistance of snakes that feed on toxic prey through valine substitution of isoleucine in the P-helix of repeat IV. Polar residues five positions upstream from the selectivity filter residues form H-bonds with the ascending-limb backbones. Exceptionally conserved tryptophans are engaged in inter-repeat H-bonds to form a ring whose π-electrons would facilitate passage of ions from the outer carboxylates to the selectivity filter. The outer-pore model of CaV1.2 derived from the NaV1.4 model is also stabilized by the ring of exceptionally conservative tryptophans and H-bonds between the P-helices and ascending limbs. In this model, the exceptionally conserved aspartate downstream from the selectivity-filter glutamate in repeat II facilitates passage of calcium ions to the selectivity-filter ring through the tryptophan ring. Available experimental data are discussed in view of the models.

31. View captioned General view of Shipbuilding Dock with Ammunition ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. View captioned General view of Shipbuilding Dock with Ammunition Ships in process of construction. Aug. 13, 1919. - Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Drydock No. 3, Farragut Avenue, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

Interior view, room 1103 northeast anteroom, general view to show ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, room 1103 northeast anteroom, general view to show fireplace and windows - National Park Seminary, Music Hall, Linden Lane at western edge of campus, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

Generalization between canonical and non-canonical views in object recognition

PubMed Central

Ghose, Tandra; Liu, Zili

2013-01-01

Viewpoint generalization in object recognition is the process that allows recognition of a given 3D object from many different viewpoints despite variations in its 2D projections. We used the canonical view effects as a foundation to empirically test the validity of a major theory in object recognition, the view-approximation model (Poggio & Edelman, 1990). This model predicts that generalization should be better when an object is first seen from a non-canonical view and then a canonical view than when seen in the reversed order. We also manipulated object similarity to study the degree to which this view generalization was constrained by shape details and task instructions (object vs. image recognition). Old-new recognition performance for basic and subordinate level objects was measured in separate blocks. We found that for object recognition, view generalization between canonical and non-canonical views was comparable for basic level objects. For subordinate level objects, recognition performance was more accurate from non-canonical to canonical views than the other way around. When the task was changed from object recognition to image recognition, the pattern of the results reversed. Interestingly, participants responded “old” to “new” images of “old” objects with a substantially higher rate than to “new” objects, despite instructions to the contrary, thereby indicating involuntary view generalization. Our empirical findings are incompatible with the prediction of the view-approximation theory, and argue against the hypothesis that views are stored independently. PMID:23283692

Tollmien-Schlichting/vortex interactions in compressible boundary layer flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blackaby, Nicholas D.

1993-01-01

The weakly nonlinear interaction of oblique Tollmien-Schlichting waves and longitudinal vortices in compressible, high Reynolds number, boundary-layer flow over a flat plate is considered for all ranges of the Mach number. The interaction equations comprise of equations for the vortex which is indirectly forced by the waves via a boundary condition, whereas a vortex term appears in the amplitude equation for the wave pressure. The downstream solution properties of interaction equations are found to depend on the sign of an interaction coefficient. Compressibility is found to have a significant effect on the interaction properties; principally through its impact on the waves and their governing mechanism, the triple-deck structure. It is found that, in general, the flow quantities will grow slowly with increasing downstream co-ordinate; i.e. in general, solutions do not terminate in abrupt, finite-distance 'break-ups'.

2. Historic American Buildings Survey, GENERAL VIEW OF INNER 'YARD' ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Historic American Buildings Survey, GENERAL VIEW OF INNER 'YARD' LOOKING NORTH c. 1920's, Gift of New York State Department of Education. - Shaker Church Family (General Views), Watervliet Shaker Road, Colonie Township, Watervliet, Albany County, NY

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT THE OREGON FORESTER'S OFFICE BUILDING, WITH MILL CREEK IN THE FOREGROUND. - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

General perspective view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view looking southeast - Grande Ronde River Bridge, Sprnning Grande Ronde River on Old Oregon Trail Highway (Oregon Route 6), La Grande, Union County, OR

General perspective view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Grande Ronde River Bridge, view looking southwest - Grande Ronde River Bridge, Sprnning Grande Ronde River on Old Oregon Trail Highway (Oregon Route 6), La Grande, Union County, OR

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING WEST AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING WEST AT THE MOTORPOOL, AUTOMOTIVE SHOP AND FOREST PROTECTION BUILDING (FROM LEFT TO RIGHT). - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

1. General oblique view of north and east sides, view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General oblique view of north and east sides, view to southwest, showing main loading docks - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

1. General view of Oregon Electric Railway, view looking north ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view of Oregon Electric Railway, view looking north at Hedges Creek trestle. - Oregon Electric Railroad, Hedges Creek Trestle, Garden Home to Wilsonville Segment, Milepost 38.7, Garden Home, Washington County, OR

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking southeast. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking northwest. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Spring Creek Bridge, view looking east. - Spring Creek Bridge, Spanning Spring Creek at Milepoint 253.98 on Oregon to California Highway (US Route 97), Chiloquin, Klamath County, OR

General perspective view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking southwest. - Marion Creek Bridge, Spanning Marion Creek at Milepoint 66.42 on North Santiam Highway (OR-22), Marion Forks, Linn County, OR

General perspective view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the Marion Creek Bridge, view looking southeast. - Marion Creek Bridge, Spanning Marion Creek at Milepoint 66.42 on North Santiam Highway (OR-22), Marion Forks, Linn County, OR

Sediment transport and water-quality characteristics and loads, White River, northwestern Colorado, water years 1975-88

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tobin, R.L.

1993-01-01

Streamflow, sediment, and water-quality data are summarized for 6 sites on the White River, Colorado for water years 1975-88. Correlation techniques were used to estimate annual data for unmeasured years. Annual stream discharge in the main stem of the White River ranged from about 200,000 to about 1 million acre-feet. Generally, bedload was less than/= 3.3 percent of total sediment load. Annual suspended-sediment loads ranged from about 2,100 tons at the upstream sites on the North Fork and South Fork of the White River to about 2 million tons at the most downstream site. Average annual suspended-sediment loads ranged from about 11,000 tons at the upstream sites to about 705,000 tons at the most downstream site. Annual capacity losses in a 50,000 acre-ft reservoir could range from less than 0.01 percent near upstream sites to about 2.5 percent near downstream sites. Maximum water temperatures in the White River ranged from less than 20 to 25 C in summer. Specific conductance ranged from 200 to 1,000 microsiemens/cm. Generally, values of pH ranged from 7.6 to 8.8, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen were greater than 6.0 mg/L. In small streamflows, values of pH and dissolved oxygen were affected by biologic processes. Composition of dissolved solids in the White River was mostly calcium, bicarbonate, and(or) sulfate. Changes in the composition of dissolved solids caused by the changes in the concentrations of sodium and sulfate were greatest in small stream discharges. Annual loads of dissolved solids ranged from 21,100 tons in the South Fork to about 480,000 tons at the most downstream site. Total solids transport in the White River was mostly as dissolved solids at upstream sites and mostly as suspended sediment at downstream sites. Concentration ranges of nutrients and trace constituents were determined.

Characterization of mercury contamination in the Androscoggin River, Coos County, New Hampshire

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chalmers, Ann; Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C.; Degnan, James R.; Coles, James; Agee, Jennifer L.; Luce, Darryl

2013-01-01

Concentrations of total mercury (THg) and MeHg in sediment, pore water, and biota in the Androscoggin River were elevated downstream from the former chloralkali facility compared with those upstream from reference sites. Sequential extraction of surface sediment showed a distinct difference in Hg speciation upstream compared with downstream from the contamination site. An upstream site was dominated by potassium hydroxide-extractable forms (for example, organic-Hg or particle-bound Hg(II)), whereas sites downstream from the point source were dominated by more chemically recalcitrant forms (largely concentrated nitric acid-extractable), indicative of elemental mercury or mercurous chloride. At all sites, only a minor fraction (less than 0.1 percent) of THg existed in chemically labile forms (for example, water extractable or weak acid extractable). All metrics indicated that a greater percentage of mercury at an upstream site was available for Hg(II)-methylation compared with sites downstream from the point source, but the absolute concentration of bioavailable Hg(II) was greater downstream from the point source. In addition, the concentration of tin-reducible inorganic reactive mercury, a surrogate measure of bioavailable Hg(II) generally increased with distance downstream from the point source. Whereas concentrations of mercury species on a sediment-dry-weight basis generally reflected the relative location of the sample to the point source, river-reach integrated mercury-species inventories and MeHg production potential (MPP) rates reflected the amount of fine-grained sediment in a given reach. THg concentrations in biota were significantly higher downstream from the point source compared with upstream reference sites for smallmouth bass, white sucker, crayfish, oligochaetes, bat fur, nestling tree swallow blood and feathers, adult tree swallow blood, and tree swallow eggs. As with tin-reducible inorganic reactive mercury, THg in smallmouth bass also increased with distance downstream from the point source. Toxicity tests and invertebrate community assessments suggested that invertebrates were not impaired at the current (2009 and 2010) levels of mercury contamination downstream from the point source. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in most water and sediment samples from the Androscoggin River were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, and probable effects level guidelines. Surface-water and sediment samples from the Androscoggin River had similar THg concentrations but lower MeHg concentrations compared with other rivers in the region. Concentrations of THg in fish tissue were all above regional and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Moreover, median THg concentrations in smallmouth bass from the Androscoggin River were significantly higher than those reported in regional surveys of river and streams nationwide and in the Northeastern United States and Canada. The higher concentrations of mercury in smallmouth bass suggest conditions may be more favorable for Hg(II)-methylation and bioaccumulation in the Androscoggin River compared with many other rivers in the United States and Canada.

Double Mine Building, general view in setting; view northeast ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Double Mine Building, general view in setting; view northeast - Fort McKinley, Double Mine Building, East side of East Side Drive, approximately 125 feet south of Weymouth Way, Great Diamond Island, Portland, Cumberland County, ME

General view. View to southwest Offutt Air Force Base, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view. View to southwest - Offutt Air Force Base, Looking Glass Airborne Command Post, Vehicle Refueling Station, Northeast of AGE Storage Facility at far northwest end of Project Looking Glass Historic District, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING EAST AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING EAST AT THE FOREST PROTECTION BUILDING, THE MOTORPOOL, AND THE AUTOMOTIVE SHOP (FROM LEFT TO RIGHT). - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

7. GENERAL VIEW. VIEW FROM SOUTH SIDE OF BROADWAY LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. GENERAL VIEW. VIEW FROM SOUTH SIDE OF BROADWAY LOOKING NORTHEAST SHOWS PRESENT SENIOR CITIZENS HIGHRISE ON THE WEST AND MARION COUNTY COURTHOUSE ON THE EAST - Mitchell-Anderson House, 1008 Broadway, Hannibal, Marion County, MO

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, December 8, 1939 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 3, View of Balustrade Wall from footbridge, looking upstream from lb STA. 173+00 - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, September 4, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, view of water line construction upstream at Walnut Street Bridgeupstream from point stadium - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Integrative Genomic Analysis of In Vivo Muscle Regeneration After Severe Trauma

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-30

along with pro-inflammatory cytokines activate downstream target genes such as c-Myc, reported to drive satellite cell proliferation21 and repress...between the US Department of Energy and the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. The views, opinions, and/or findings of this report are...pathway member Yap plays a key role in influencing fate decisions in muscle satellite cells. J. Cell Sci. 125, 6009-6019 (2012). 27. McKinsey , T.A

Interior view, general view in covered causeway (MD1109W) near ward ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, general view in covered causeway (MD-1109-W) near ward 114, looking from the northwest - National Park Seminary, Music Hall, Linden Lane at western edge of campus, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids on the Lower Cache River Watershed, AR.

PubMed

Rosado-Berrios, Carlos A; Bouldin, Jennifer L

2016-06-01

The Cache River Watershed (CRW) in Arkansas is part of one of the largest remaining bottomland hardwood forests in the US. Although wetlands are known to improve water quality, the Cache River is listed as impaired due to sedimentation and turbidity. This study measured turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) in seven sites of the lower CRW; six sites were located on the Bayou DeView tributary of the Cache River. Turbidity and TSS levels ranged from 1.21 to 896 NTU, and 0.17 to 386.33 mg/L respectively and had an increasing trend over the 3-year study. However, a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream in the Bayou DeView tributary was noted. Sediment loading calculated from high precipitation events and mean TSS values indicate that contributions from the Cache River main channel was approximately 6.6 times greater than contributions from Bayou DeView. Land use surrounding this river channel affects water quality as wetlands provide a filter for sediments in the Bayou DeView channel.

Load-induced modulation of signal transduction networks.

PubMed

Jiang, Peng; Ventura, Alejandra C; Sontag, Eduardo D; Merajver, Sofia D; Ninfa, Alexander J; Del Vecchio, Domitilla

2011-10-11

Biological signal transduction networks are commonly viewed as circuits that pass along information--in the process amplifying signals, enhancing sensitivity, or performing other signal-processing tasks--to transcriptional and other components. Here, we report on a "reverse-causality" phenomenon, which we call load-induced modulation. Through a combination of analytical and experimental tools, we discovered that signaling was modulated, in a surprising way, by downstream targets that receive the signal and, in doing so, apply what in physics is called a load. Specifically, we found that non-intuitive changes in response dynamics occurred for a covalent modification cycle when load was present. Loading altered the response time of a system, depending on whether the activity of one of the enzymes was maximal and the other was operating at its minimal rate or whether both enzymes were operating at submaximal rates. These two conditions, which we call "limit regime" and "intermediate regime," were associated with increased or decreased response times, respectively. The bandwidth, the range of frequency in which the system can process information, decreased in the presence of load, suggesting that downstream targets participate in establishing a balance between noise-filtering capabilities and a circuit's ability to process high-frequency stimulation. Nodes in a signaling network are not independent relay devices, but rather are modulated by their downstream targets.

Increased Hydrologic Connectivity: Consequences of Reduced Water Storage Capacity in the Delmarva Peninsula (U.S.)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mclaughlin, D. L.; Jones, C. N.; Evenson, G. R.; Golden, H. E.; Lane, C.; Alexander, L. C.; Lang, M.

2017-12-01

Combined geospatial and modeling approaches are required to fully enumerate wetland hydrologic connectivity and downstream effects. Here, we utilized both geospatial analysis and hydrologic modeling to explore drivers and consequences of modified surface water connectivity in the Delmarva Peninsula, with particular focus on increased connectivity via pervasive wetland ditching. Our geospatial analysis quantified both historical and contemporary wetland storage capacity across the region, and suggests that over 70% of historical storage capacity has been lost due to this ditching. Building upon this analysis, we applied a catchment-scale model to simulate implications of reduced storage capacity on catchment-scale hydrology. In short, increased connectivity (and concomitantly reduced wetland water storage capacity) decreases catchment inundation extent and spatial heterogeneity, shortens cumulative residence times, and increases downstream flow variation with evident effects on peak and baseflow dynamics. As such, alterations in connectivity have implications for hydrologically mediated functions in catchments (e.g., nutrient removal) and downstream systems (e.g., maintenance of flow for aquatic habitat). Our work elucidates such consequences in Delmarva Peninsula while also providing new tools for broad application to target wetland restoration and conservation. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of the US EPA or US FWS.

General topographic view of Lakeview Historic District, view looking south ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General topographic view of Lakeview Historic District, view looking south on G Street toward intersection of G and Center Streets - Lakeview Downtown Historic District, E, F & G Streets between Second Street North & First Street South, Lakeview, Lake County, OR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belsom, Keith Cletus; McMahan, Kevin Weston; Thomas, Larry Lou

A fuel nozzle for a gas turbine generally includes a main body having an upstream end axially separated from a downstream end. The main body at least partially defines a fuel supply passage that extends through the upstream end and at least partially through the main body. A fuel distribution manifold is disposed at the downstream end of the main body. The fuel distribution manifold includes a plurality of axially extending passages that extend through the fuel distribution manifold. A plurality of fuel injection ports defines a flow path between the fuel supply passage and each of the plurality ofmore » axially extending passages.« less

Understanding the breakdown of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization at engine-relevant conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dahms, Rainer N.

A generalized framework for multi-component liquid injections is presented to understand and predict the breakdown of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization at engine-relevant conditions. The analysis focuses on the thermodynamic structure and the immiscibility state of representative gas-liquid interfaces. The most modern form of Helmholtz energy mixture state equation is utilized which exhibits a unique and physically consistent behavior over the entire two-phase regime of fluid densities. It is combined with generalized models for non-linear gradient theory and for liquid injections to quantify multi-component two-phase interface structures in global thermal equilibrium. Then, the Helmholtz free energy is minimized whichmore » determines the interfacial species distribution as a consequence. This minimal free energy state is demonstrated to validate the underlying assumptions of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization. However, under certain engine-relevant conditions for which corroborating experimental data are presented, this requirement for interfacial thermal equilibrium becomes unsustainable. A rigorously derived probability density function quantifies the ability of the interface to develop internal spatial temperature gradients in the presence of significant temperature differences between injected liquid and ambient gas. Then, the interface can no longer be viewed as an isolated system at minimal free energy. Instead, the interfacial dynamics become intimately connected to those of the separated homogeneous phases. Hence, the interface transitions toward a state in local equilibrium whereupon it becomes a dense-fluid mixing layer. A new conceptual view of a transitional liquid injection process emerges from a transition time scale analysis. Close to the nozzle exit, the two-phase interface still remains largely intact and more classic two-phase processes prevail as a consequence. Further downstream, however, the transition to dense-fluid mixing generally occurs before the liquid length is reached. As a result, the significance of the presented modeling expressions is established by a direct comparison to a reduced model, which utilizes widely applied approximations but fundamentally fails to capture the physical complexity discussed in this paper.« less

Understanding the breakdown of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization at engine-relevant conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dahms, Rainer N., E-mail: Rndahms@sandia.gov

A generalized framework for multi-component liquid injections is presented to understand and predict the breakdown of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization at engine-relevant conditions. The analysis focuses on the thermodynamic structure and the immiscibility state of representative gas-liquid interfaces. The most modern form of Helmholtz energy mixture state equation is utilized which exhibits a unique and physically consistent behavior over the entire two-phase regime of fluid densities. It is combined with generalized models for non-linear gradient theory and for liquid injections to quantify multi-component two-phase interface structures in global thermal equilibrium. Then, the Helmholtz free energy is minimized whichmore » determines the interfacial species distribution as a consequence. This minimal free energy state is demonstrated to validate the underlying assumptions of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization. However, under certain engine-relevant conditions for which corroborating experimental data are presented, this requirement for interfacial thermal equilibrium becomes unsustainable. A rigorously derived probability density function quantifies the ability of the interface to develop internal spatial temperature gradients in the presence of significant temperature differences between injected liquid and ambient gas. Then, the interface can no longer be viewed as an isolated system at minimal free energy. Instead, the interfacial dynamics become intimately connected to those of the separated homogeneous phases. Hence, the interface transitions toward a state in local equilibrium whereupon it becomes a dense-fluid mixing layer. A new conceptual view of a transitional liquid injection process emerges from a transition time scale analysis. Close to the nozzle exit, the two-phase interface still remains largely intact and more classic two-phase processes prevail as a consequence. Further downstream, however, the transition to dense-fluid mixing generally occurs before the liquid length is reached. The significance of the presented modeling expressions is established by a direct comparison to a reduced model, which utilizes widely applied approximations but fundamentally fails to capture the physical complexity discussed in this paper.« less

Understanding the breakdown of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization at engine-relevant conditions

DOE PAGES

Dahms, Rainer N.

2016-04-26

A generalized framework for multi-component liquid injections is presented to understand and predict the breakdown of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization at engine-relevant conditions. The analysis focuses on the thermodynamic structure and the immiscibility state of representative gas-liquid interfaces. The most modern form of Helmholtz energy mixture state equation is utilized which exhibits a unique and physically consistent behavior over the entire two-phase regime of fluid densities. It is combined with generalized models for non-linear gradient theory and for liquid injections to quantify multi-component two-phase interface structures in global thermal equilibrium. Then, the Helmholtz free energy is minimized whichmore » determines the interfacial species distribution as a consequence. This minimal free energy state is demonstrated to validate the underlying assumptions of classic two-phase theory and spray atomization. However, under certain engine-relevant conditions for which corroborating experimental data are presented, this requirement for interfacial thermal equilibrium becomes unsustainable. A rigorously derived probability density function quantifies the ability of the interface to develop internal spatial temperature gradients in the presence of significant temperature differences between injected liquid and ambient gas. Then, the interface can no longer be viewed as an isolated system at minimal free energy. Instead, the interfacial dynamics become intimately connected to those of the separated homogeneous phases. Hence, the interface transitions toward a state in local equilibrium whereupon it becomes a dense-fluid mixing layer. A new conceptual view of a transitional liquid injection process emerges from a transition time scale analysis. Close to the nozzle exit, the two-phase interface still remains largely intact and more classic two-phase processes prevail as a consequence. Further downstream, however, the transition to dense-fluid mixing generally occurs before the liquid length is reached. As a result, the significance of the presented modeling expressions is established by a direct comparison to a reduced model, which utilizes widely applied approximations but fundamentally fails to capture the physical complexity discussed in this paper.« less

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, GENERAL VIEW WITH BROOM SHOP ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, GENERAL VIEW WITH BROOM SHOP IN FOREGROUND AND SEED HOUSE IN BACKGROUND, N.E. Baldwin, Photographer, November 1939, Gift of New York State Department of Education. - Shaker West Family (General Views), Watervliet Shaker Road, Colonie Township, Watervliet, Albany County, NY

Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the Boise River from Veterans Memorial Parkway, Boise to Star, Idaho, October 1987 to March 1988

USGS Publications Warehouse

Frenzel, S.A.

1988-01-01

Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the Boise River were examined from October 1987 to March 1988 to determine whether trace elements in effluents from two Boise wastewater treatment facilities were detrimental to aquatic communities. Cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium, cyanide, lead, nickel, and silver concentrations in the Boise River were less than or near analytical detection levels and were less than chronic toxicity criteria when detectable. Arsenic, copper, and zinc were detected in concentrations less than chronic toxicity criteria. Concentrations of trace elements in bottom material generally were small and could not be attributed to effluents from wastewater treatment facilities. From October to December 1987, mean density of benthic invertebrates colonizing artificial substrates was from 6,100 individuals/substrate downstream from the West Boise wastewater treatment facility to 14,000 individuals per substrate downstream from the Lander Street wastewater treatment facility. From January to March 1988 , mean density of benthic invertebrates colonizing artificial substrates was from 7,100 individuals per substrate downstream from the West Boise facility to 10,000 individuals per substrate near Star. Insect communities upstream and downstream from the wastewater treatment facilities were strongly associated, and coeffients of community loss indicated that effluents had benign enriching effects. Distribution of mayflies indicates that trace-element concentrations in effluents did not adversely affect intolerant organisms in the Boise River. Condition factor of whitefish was significantly increased downstream from the Lander Street wastewater treatment facility and was significantly decreased downstream from the West Boise wastewater treatment facility.

1. VIEW WEST, GENERAL VIEW OF DAM, WITH CANAL SPILLWAY, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. VIEW WEST, GENERAL VIEW OF DAM, WITH CANAL SPILLWAY, WEST ABUTMENT, AND GATEHOUSE IN DISTANCE - Norwich Water Power Company, West bank of Shetucket River beginning opposite Second Street & extending .8 mile northward, Greenville section, Norwich, New London County, CT

3. VIEW NORTH, GENERAL VIEW SHOWING CANAL, DRAIN GATE GATEHOUSE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. VIEW NORTH, GENERAL VIEW SHOWING CANAL, DRAIN GATE GATEHOUSE ON RIGHT, HEADGATES AND GATEHOUSE IN DISTANCE - Norwich Water Power Company, West bank of Shetucket River beginning opposite Second Street & extending .8 mile northward, Greenville section, Norwich, New London County, CT

2. VIEW SOUTH, GENERAL VIEW SHOWING CANAL, CANAL SPILLWAY ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. VIEW SOUTH, GENERAL VIEW SHOWING CANAL, CANAL SPILLWAY ON LEFT, DRAIN GATE GATEHOUSE IN DISTANCE - Norwich Water Power Company, West bank of Shetucket River beginning opposite Second Street & extending .8 mile northward, Greenville section, Norwich, New London County, CT

Electron velocity distributions near the earth's bow shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feldman, W. C.; Anderson, R. C.; Bame, S. J.; Gary, S. P.; Gosling, J. T.; Mccomas, D. J.; Thomsen, M. F.; Paschmann, G.; Hoppe, M. M.

1983-01-01

New information is presented on the general characteristics of electron distribution functions upstream, within, and downstream of the earth's bow shock, thereby providing new insights into the instabilities in collisionless shocks. The results presented are from a survey of electron velocity distributions measured near the earth's bow shock between October 1977 and December 1978 using the Los Alamos/Garching plasma instrumentation aboard ISEE 2. A wide variety of distribution shapes is found within the different plasma regions in close proximity to the bow shock. It is found that these shapes can be classified into general types that are characteristic of three different plasma regions, namely the upstream region or electron foreshock, the shock proper where most of the heating occurs, and the downstream region or the magnetosheath. Evidence is provided that field-aligned, rather than cross-field, instabilities are the major source of electron dissipation in the earth's bow shock.

1. General view, east end and north side. View to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view, east end and north side. View to southwest toward San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, along general alignment of former Interurban Electric Railway main line. Note truncated catenary support arms on power poles; these originally carried overhead power supply catenary line for the electrically-powered interurban cars. - Interurban Electric Railway Bridge Yard Shop, Interstate 80 at Alameda County Postmile 2.0, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons below coal-tar-sealed parking lots and effects on stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scoggins, M.; McClintock, N.L.; Gosselink, L.

2007-12-15

Parking-lot pavement sealants recently have been recognized as a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban stream sediments in Austin, Texas. Laboratory and field studies have shown that PAHs in sediments can be toxic to aquatic organisms and can degrade aquatic communities. After identifying increases in concentrations of PAHs in sediments below seal-coated parking lots, we investigated whether the increases had significant effects on stream biota in 5 Austin streams. We sampled sediment chemistry and biological communities above and below the point at which stormwater runoff from the parking lots discharged into the streams, thus providing 5 upstreammore » reference sites and 5 downstream treatment sites. Differences between upstream and downstream concentrations of total PAH ranged from 3.9 to 32 mg/kg. Analysis of the species occurrence data from pool and riffle habitats indicated a significant decrease in community health at the downstream sites, including decreases in richness, intolerant taxa, Diptera taxa, and density. In pool sediments, Chironomidae density was negatively correlated with PAH concentrations, whereas Oligochaeta density responded positively to PAH concentrations. In general, pool taxa responded more strongly than riffle taxa to PAHs, but riffle taxa responded more broadly than pool taxa. Increases in PAH sediment-toxicity units between upstream and downstream sites explained decreases in taxon richness and density in pools between upstream and downstream sites.« less

5. GENERAL VIEW OF EASTERLY ELEVATION OF SPILLWAY; VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. GENERAL VIEW OF EASTERLY ELEVATION OF SPILLWAY; VIEW TO SOUTHWEST ACROSS CANAL PRISM, FROM ROUTE 146 EMBANKMENT. - Blackstone Canal Millbury Segment, Beginning northwest of State Route 146 & McCracken Road, running along west side of Route 146, Millbury, Worcester County, MA

Influence of flow velocity on motor behavior of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.

PubMed

Pan, Yang; Zhang, Libin; Lin, Chenggang; Sun, Jiamin; Kan, Rentao; Yang, Hongsheng

2015-05-15

The influence of flow velocity on the motor behavior of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus was investigated in the laboratory. Cameras were used to record sea cucumber movements and behavior analysis software was used to measure the distance traveled, time spent, upstream or downstream of the start position and the speed of movements. In general, the mean velocity of A. japonicus was below 0.7mms(-1). The maximum velocity recorded for all the sea cucumbers tested was for a large individual (89.25±17.11g), at a flow rate of 4.6±0.5cms(-1). Medium sized (19.68±5.53g) and large individuals moved significantly faster than small individuals (2.65±1.24g) at the same flow rate. A. japonicus moved significantly faster when there was a moderate current (4.6±0.5cms(-1) and 14.7±0.3cms(-1)), compared with the fast flow rate (29.3±3.7cms(-1)) and when there was no flow (0cms(-1)). Sea cucumbers did not show positive rheotaxis in general, but did move in a downstream direction at faster current speeds. Large, medium and small sized individuals moved downstream at the fastest current speed tested, 29.3±3.7cms(-1). When there was no water flow, sea cucumbers tended to move in an irregular pattern. The movement patterns show that the sea cucumber, A. japonicus can move across the direction of flow, and can move both upstream and downstream along the direction of flow. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Power Plant Bromide Discharges and Downstream Drinking Water Systems in Pennsylvania.

PubMed

Good, Kelly D; VanBriesen, Jeanne M

2017-10-17

Coal-fired power plants equipped with wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have been implicated in increasing bromide levels and subsequent increases in disinfection byproducts at downstream drinking water plants. Bromide was not included as a regulated constituent in the recent steam electric effluent limitations guidelines and standards (ELGs) since the U.S. EPA analysis suggested few drinking water facilities would be affected by bromide discharges from power plants. The present analysis uses a watershed approach to identify Pennsylvania drinking water intakes downstream of wet FGD discharges and to assess the potential for bromide discharge effects. Twenty-two (22) public drinking water systems serving 2.5 million people were identified as being downstream of at least one wet FGD discharge. During mean August conditions (generally low-flow, minimal dilution) in receiving rivers, the median predicted bromide concentrations contributed by wet FGD at Pennsylvania intake locations ranged from 5.2 to 62 μg/L for the Base scenario (including only natural bromide in coal) and from 16 to 190 μg/L for the Bromide Addition scenario (natural plus added bromide for mercury control); ranges depend on bromide loads and receiving stream dilution capacity.

Probing emissions of military cargo aircraft: description of a joint field measurement Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.

PubMed

Cheng, Meng-Dawn; Corporan, Edwin; DeWitt, Matthew J; Spicer, Chester W; Holdren, Michael W; Cowen, Kenneth A; Laskin, Alex; Harris, David B; Shores, Richard C; Kagann, Robert; Hashmonay, Ram

2008-06-01

To develop effective air quality control strategies for military air bases, there is a need to accurately quantify these emissions. In support of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program project, the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous emissions from two T56 engines on a parked C-130 aircraft were characterized at the Kentucky Air National Guard base in Louisville, KY. Conventional and research-grade instrumentation and methodology were used in the field campaign during the first week of October 2005. Particulate emissions were sampled at the engine exit plane and at 15 m downstream. In addition, remote sensing of the gaseous species was performed via spectroscopic techniques at 5 and 15 m downstream of the engine exit. It was found that PM mass and number concentrations measured at 15-m downstream locations, after dilution-correction generally agreed well with those measured at the engine exhaust plane; however, higher variations were observed in the far-field after natural dilution of the downstream measurements was accounted for. Using carbon dioxide-normalized data we demonstrated that gas species measurements by extractive and remote sensing techniques agreed reasonably well.

Flame Spread Along Free Edges of Thermally Thin Samples in Microgravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mell, W. E.; Olson, S. L.; Kashiwagi, T.

2000-01-01

The effects of imposed flow velocity on flame spread along open edges of a thermally thin cellulosic sample in microgravity are studied experimentally and theoretically. In this study, the sample is ignited locally at the middle of the 4 cm wide sample and subsequent flame spread reaches both open edges of the sample. The following flame behaviors are observed in the experiments and predicted by the numerical calculation; in order of increased imposed flow velocity: (1) ignition but subsequent flame spread is not attained, (2) flame spreads upstream (opposed mode) without any downstream flame, and (3) the upstream flame and two separate downstream flames traveling along the two open edges (concurrent mode). Generally, the upstream and downstream edge flame spread rates are faster than the central flame spread rate for an imposed flow velocity of up to 5 cm/s. This is due to greater oxygen supply from the outer free stream to the edge flames than the central flames, For the upstream edge flame, the greater oxygen supply results in a flame spread rate that is nearly independent of, or decreases gradually, with the imposed flow velocity. The spread rate of the downstream edge, however, increases significantly with the imposed flow velocity.

Development of a multimetric index for fish assemblages in a cold tailwater in Tennessee

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ivasauskas, Tomas J.; Bettoli, Phillip William

2014-01-01

Tailwaters downstream of hypolimnetic-release hydropeaking dams exhibit a unique combination of stressors that affects the structure and function of resident fish assemblages. We developed a statistically and biologically defensible multimetric index of fish assemblages for the Caney Fork River below Center Hill Dam, Tennessee. Fish assemblages were sampled at five sites using boat-mounted and backpack electrofishing gear from fall 2009 through summer 2011. A multivariate statistical approach was used to select metrics that best reflected the downstream gradients in abiotic variables. Five metrics derived from boat electrofishing samples and four metrics derived from backpack electrofishing samples were selected for incorporation into the index based on their high correlation with environmental data. The nine metrics demonstrated predictable patterns of increase or decrease with increasing distance downstream of the dam. The multimetric index generally exhibited a pattern of increasing scores with increasing distance from the dam, indicating a downstream recovery gradient in fish assemblage composition. The index can be used to monitor anticipated changes in the fish communities of the Caney Fork River when repairs to Center Hill Dam are completed later this decade, resulting in altered dam operations.

31. General view of piers showin 1983 repair resulting in ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. General view of piers showin 1983 repair resulting in different deck chord configurations. VIEW NORTHWEST - Chelsea Street Bridge & Draw Tender's House, Spanning Chelsea River, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE "KEEP OREGON GREEN" ASSOCIATION BUILDING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE "KEEP OREGON GREEN" ASSOCIATION BUILDING (K.O.G. BUILDING), VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST ACROSS STATE STREET. - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

1. General oblique view of the context, view to northeast, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General oblique view of the context, view to northeast, showing vehicle bays at west end and overhead doors at east end - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Company Maintenance Shop & Arms Room, North of Park Avenue at Forty-ninth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

34. August, 1971. PHOTOCOPY: GENERAL VIEW OF CITY OF MERCUR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. August, 1971. PHOTOCOPY: GENERAL VIEW OF CITY OF MERCUR CA. 1910 (THIS HISTORIC VIEW IS TAKEN FROM A PUBLICATION BY UTAH POWER & LIGHT CO. CREDIT REQUESTED TO COMPANY.). (SEE UT-10-2 FOR PRESENT DAY VIEW). - DeLamar Mercur Mines Company, Golden Gate Mill, Ophir, Tooele County, UT

19. Launch Area, general view of Missile Assembly Building and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Launch Area, general view of Missile Assembly Building and Generator Building VIEW SOUTHWEST - NIKE Missile Battery PR-79, Launch Area, East Windsor Road south of State Route 101, Foster, Providence County, RI

8. GENERAL VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST (Title Insurance Co. collection, San ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. GENERAL VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST (Title Insurance Co. collection, San Diego Historical Society). Historical view, no date, photocopied for HABS, 1975 - Long-Waterman House, 2408 First Avenue, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

Influence of surface gravity waves on near wake development behind a towed model horizontal axis marine current turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luznik, Luksa; Flack, Karen; Lust, Ethan

2016-11-01

2D PIV measurements in the near wake flow field (x/D<2) are presented for a 1/25 scale, 0.8 m diameter (D) two bladed horizontal axis tidal turbine. All measurements were obtained in the USNA 380 ft tow tank with turbine towed at a constant carriage speed (Utow = 1.68 m/s), at the nominal tip speed ratio (TSR) of 7 and incoming regular waves with a period of 2.3 seconds and 0.18 m wave height. Near wake mapping is accomplished by "tiling" phase locked individual 2D PIV fields of view (nominally 30x30 cm2) with approximately 5 cm overlap. The discussion will focus on the downstream evolution of coherent tip vortices shed by the rotor blades and their vertical/horizontal displacements by the wave induced fluctuations. This observed phenomena ultimately results in significantly increased downstream wake expansion in comparison with the same conditions without waves. Office of Naval Research.

Groundwater connectivity of upland-embedded wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Neff, Brian; Rosenberry, Donald O.

2018-01-01

Groundwater connections from upland-embedded wetlands to downstream waterbodies remain poorly understood. In principle, water from upland-embedded wetlands situated high in a landscape should flow via groundwater to waterbodies situated lower in the landscape. However, the degree of groundwater connectivity varies across systems due to factors such as geologic setting, hydrologic conditions, and topography. We use numerical models to evaluate the conditions suitable for groundwater connectivity between upland-embedded wetlands and downstream waterbodies in the prairie pothole region of North Dakota (USA). Results show groundwater connectivity between upland-embedded wetlands and other waterbodies is restricted when these wetlands are surrounded by a mounding water table. However, connectivity exists among adjacent upland-embedded wetlands where water–table mounds do not form. In addition, the presence of sand layers greatly facilitates groundwater connectivity of upland-embedded wetlands. Anisotropy can facilitate connectivity via groundwater flow, but only if it becomes unrealistically large. These findings help consolidate previously divergent views on the significance of local and regional groundwater flow in the prairie pothole region.

Consequences of germline variation disrupting the constitutional translational initiation codon start sites of MLH1 and BRCA2: use of potential alternative start sites and implications for predicting variant pathogenicity

PubMed Central

Parsons, Michael T.; Whiley, Phillip J.; Beesley, Jonathan; Drost, Mark; de Wind, Niels; Thompson, Bryony A.; Marquart, Louise; Hopper, John L.; Jenkins, Mark A.; Brown, Melissa A.; Tucker, Kathy; Warwick, Linda; Buchanan, Daniel D.; Spurdle, Amanda B.

2014-01-01

Variants that disrupt the translation initiation sequences in cancer predisposition genes are generally assumed to be deleterious. However few studies have validated these assumptions with functional and clinical data. Two cancer syndrome gene variants likely to affect native translation initiation were identified by clinical genetic testing: MLH1:c.1A>G p.(Met1?) and BRCA2:c.67+3A>G. In vitro GFP-reporter assays were conducted to assess the consequences of translation initiation disruption on alternative downstream initiation codon usage. Analysis of MLH1:c.1A>G p.(Met1?) showed that translation was mostly initiated at an in-frame position 103 nucleotides downstream, but also at two ATG sequences downstream. The protein product encoded by the in-frame transcript initiating from position c.103 showed loss of in vitro mismatch repair activity comparable to known pathogenic mutations. BRCA2:c.67+3A>G was shown by mRNA analysis to result in an aberrantly spliced transcript deleting exon 2 and the consensus ATG site. In the absence of exon 2, translation initiated mostly at an out-of-frame ATG 323 nucleotides downstream, and to a lesser extent at an in-frame ATG 370 nucleotides downstream. Initiation from any of the downstream alternative sites tested in both genes would lead to loss of protein function, but further clinical data is required to confirm if these variants are associated with a high cancer risk. Importantly, our results highlight the need for caution in interpreting the functional and clinical consequences of variation that leads to disruption of the initiation codon, since translation may not necessarily occur from the first downstream alternative start site, or from a single alternative start site. PMID:24302565

Predicting and generalizing the refuge function of intermittent and ephemeral streams

EPA Science Inventory

Intermittent and ephemeral streams can provide important functions within stream networks. For fish, intermittent and ephemeral streams can contribute energy and materials to downstream perennial waters, serve as seasonal habitats, and/or provide refuge functions. Understanding t...

Energy-saving scheme based on downstream packet scheduling in ethernet passive optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lincong; Liu, Yejun; Guo, Lei; Gong, Xiaoxue

2013-03-01

With increasing network sizes, the energy consumption of Passive Optical Networks (PONs) has grown significantly. Therefore, it is important to design effective energy-saving schemes in PONs. Generally, energy-saving schemes have focused on sleeping the low-loaded Optical Network Units (ONUs), which tends to bring large packet delays. Further, the traditional ONU sleep modes are not capable of sleeping the transmitter and receiver independently, though they are not required to transmit or receive packets. Clearly, this approach contributes to wasted energy. Thus, in this paper, we propose an Energy-Saving scheme that is based on downstream Packet Scheduling (ESPS) in Ethernet PON (EPON). First, we design both an algorithm and a rule for downstream packet scheduling at the inter- and intra-ONU levels, respectively, to reduce the downstream packet delay. After that, we propose a hybrid sleep mode that contains not only ONU deep sleep mode but also independent sleep modes for the transmitter and the receiver. This ensures that the energy consumed by the ONUs is minimal. To realize the hybrid sleep mode, a modified GATE control message is designed that involves 10 time points for sleep processes. In ESPS, the 10 time points are calculated according to the allocated bandwidths in both the upstream and the downstream. The simulation results show that ESPS outperforms traditional Upstream Centric Scheduling (UCS) scheme in terms of energy consumption and the average delay for both real-time and non-real-time packets downstream. The simulation results also show that the average energy consumption of each ONU in larger-sized networks is less than that in smaller-sized networks; hence, our ESPS is better suited for larger-sized networks.

Water Stress in Global Transboundary River Basins: Significance of Upstream Water Use on Downstream Stress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munia, H.; Guillaume, J. H. A.; Mirumachi, N.; Porkka,M.; Wada, Yoshihide; Kummu, M.

2016-01-01

Growing population and water demand have increased pressure on water resources in various parts of the globe, including many transboundary river basins. While the impacts of upstream water use on downstream water availability have been analyzed in many of these international river basins, this has not been systematically done at the global scale using coherent and comparable datasets. In this study, we aim to assess the change in downstream water stress due to upstream water use in the world's transboundary river basins. Water stress was first calculated considering only local water use of each sub-basin based on country-basin mesh, then compared with the situation when upstream water use was subtracted from downstream water availability. Wefound that water stress was generally already high when considering only local water use, affecting 0.95-1.44 billion people or 33%-51% of the population in transboundary river basins. After accounting for upstream water use, stress level increased by at least 1 percentage-point for 30-65 sub-basins, affecting 0.29-1.13 billion people. Altogether 288 out of 298 middle-stream and downstream sub-basin areas experienced some change in stress level. Further, we assessed whether there is a link between increased water stress due to upstream water use and the number of conflictive and cooperative events in the transboundary river basins, as captured by two prominent databases. No direct relationship was found. This supports the argument that conflicts and cooperation events originate from a combination of different drivers, among which upstream-induced water stress may play a role. Our findings contribute to better understanding of upstream-downstream dynamics in water stress to help address water allocation problems.

The Evolutionary Fate of the Genes Encoding the Purine Catabolic Enzymes in Hominoids, Birds, and Reptiles

PubMed Central

Keebaugh, Alaine C.; Thomas, James W.

2010-01-01

Gene loss has been proposed to play a major role in adaptive evolution, and recent studies are beginning to reveal its importance in human evolution. However, the potential consequence of a single gene-loss event upon the fates of functionally interrelated genes is poorly understood. Here, we use the purine metabolic pathway as a model system in which to explore this important question. The loss of urate oxidase (UOX) activity, a necessary step in this pathway, has occurred independently in the hominoid and bird/reptile lineages. Because the loss of UOX would have removed the functional constraint upon downstream genes in this pathway, these downstream genes are generally assumed to have subsequently deteriorated. In this study, we used a comparative genomics approach to empirically determine the fate of UOX itself and the downstream genes in five hominoids, two birds, and a reptile. Although we found that the loss of UOX likely triggered the genetic deterioration of the immediate downstream genes in the hominoids, surprisingly in the birds and reptiles, the UOX locus itself and some of the downstream genes were present in the genome and predicted to encode proteins. To account for the variable pattern of gene retention and loss after the inactivation of UOX, we hypothesize that although gene loss is a common fate for genes that have been rendered obsolete due to the upstream loss of an enzyme a metabolic pathway, it is also possible that same lack of constraint will foster the evolution of new functions or allow the optimization of preexisting alternative functions in the downstream genes, thereby resulting in gene retention. Thus, adaptive single-gene losses have the potential to influence the long-term evolutionary fate of functionally interrelated genes. PMID:20106906

The evolutionary fate of the genes encoding the purine catabolic enzymes in hominoids, birds, and reptiles.

PubMed

Keebaugh, Alaine C; Thomas, James W

2010-06-01

Gene loss has been proposed to play a major role in adaptive evolution, and recent studies are beginning to reveal its importance in human evolution. However, the potential consequence of a single gene-loss event upon the fates of functionally interrelated genes is poorly understood. Here, we use the purine metabolic pathway as a model system in which to explore this important question. The loss of urate oxidase (UOX) activity, a necessary step in this pathway, has occurred independently in the hominoid and bird/reptile lineages. Because the loss of UOX would have removed the functional constraint upon downstream genes in this pathway, these downstream genes are generally assumed to have subsequently deteriorated. In this study, we used a comparative genomics approach to empirically determine the fate of UOX itself and the downstream genes in five hominoids, two birds, and a reptile. Although we found that the loss of UOX likely triggered the genetic deterioration of the immediate downstream genes in the hominoids, surprisingly in the birds and reptiles, the UOX locus itself and some of the downstream genes were present in the genome and predicted to encode proteins. To account for the variable pattern of gene retention and loss after the inactivation of UOX, we hypothesize that although gene loss is a common fate for genes that have been rendered obsolete due to the upstream loss of an enzyme a metabolic pathway, it is also possible that same lack of constraint will foster the evolution of new functions or allow the optimization of preexisting alternative functions in the downstream genes, thereby resulting in gene retention. Thus, adaptive single-gene losses have the potential to influence the long-term evolutionary fate of functionally interrelated genes.

Sediment size of surface floodplain sediments along a large lowland river

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swanson, K. M.; Day, G.; Dietrich, W. E.

2007-12-01

Data on size distribution of surface sediment across a floodplain should place important constraints of modeling of floodplain deposition. Diffusive or advective models would predict that, generally, grain size should decrease away from channel banks. Variations in grain size downstream along floodplains may depend on downstream fining of river bed material, exchange rate with river banks and net deposition onto the floodplain. Here we report detailed grain size analyses taken from 17 floodplain transects along 450 km (along channel distance) reach of the middle Fly River, Papua New Guinea. Field studies have documented a systematic change in floodplain characteristics downstream from forested, more topographically elevated and topography bounded by an actively shifting mainstem channel to a downstream swamp grass, low elevation topography along which the river meanders are currently stagnant. Frequency and duration of flooding increase downstream. Flooding occurs both by overbank flows and by injections of floodwaters up tributary and tie channels connected to the mainstem. Previous studies show that about 40% of the total discharge of water passes across the floodplain, and, correspondingly, about 40% of the total load is deposited on the plain - decreasing exponentially from channel bank. We find that floodplain sediment is most sandy at the channel bank. Grain size rapidly declines away from the bank, but surprisingly two trends were also observed. A relatively short distance from the bank the surface material is finest, but with further distance from the bank (out to greater than 1 km from the 250 m wide channel) clay content decreases and silt content increases. The changes are small but repeated at most of the transects. The second trend is that bank material fines downstream, corresponding to a downstream finding bed material, but once away from the bank, there is a weak tendency for a given distance away from the bank the floodplain surface deposits to slightly coarsen downstream. We also find that sand is present (about 4%) in these surface sediments out to 1 km from the channel bank. These trends are not consistent with simple lateral transport models, and other factors, including effects of flocculation, local flow patterns, and possibly dry season wind effects may matter.

161. GENERAL VIEW OF BASE. VIEW SOUTH FROM DOG PATCH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

161. GENERAL VIEW OF BASE. VIEW SOUTH FROM DOG PATCH BEACH SHOWING, FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, THE AIRFIELD, BULKHEAD, BUILDING 64, 61, 3,4,5,6, STRUCTURE 68 (WATER TOWER), BUILDING 11 AND STRUCTURE 67 (WATER TOWER). - Quonset Point Naval Air Station, Roger Williams Way, North Kingstown, Washington County, RI

3. Photocopy of circa 1910 photograph showing a general view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Photocopy of circa 1910 photograph showing a general view of the building, published in a 1911 book, Stanley's Views of Philadelphia. - Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit & Insurance Company, 415 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

59. VIEW FROM THE NORTHEAST IN THE NORTHEAST QUADRANT. GENERAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

59. VIEW FROM THE NORTHEAST IN THE NORTHEAST QUADRANT. GENERAL VIEW OF THE RIGHT FLANK WALL. RIGHT SHOULDER ANGLE IS INCLUDED ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE PHOTOGRAPH. - Fort Sumter, Charleston, Charleston County, SC

5. GENERAL VIEW OF LAUNCHER BUILDING 28402 SHOWING LAUNCH DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. GENERAL VIEW OF LAUNCHER BUILDING 28402 SHOWING LAUNCH DECK AT RIGHT; VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, Facility 28402, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

29. GENERAL VIEW OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT PROTECTED BY CONCRETE AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. GENERAL VIEW OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT PROTECTED BY CONCRETE AND EARTH BLAST BERM; VIEW TO SOUTHEAST. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, Facility 28402, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

28. GENERAL VIEW OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT PROTECTED BY CONCRETE AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. GENERAL VIEW OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT PROTECTED BY CONCRETE AND EARTH BLAST BERM; VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, Facility 28402, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

Wavelet-Domain Nonlinear Energy and Enstrophy Transfers between Atmospheric Blocks and Local Eddies, Averaged over the NCEP Reanalysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fournier, A.

2001-05-01

There is reason to believe that weather is more predictable during atmospheric blocking (AB) events than during ``normal'' (N) meteorological states (Bengtsson 1981). Saltzman (1959) proposed that such quasi-permanent disturbances in general may be maintained by an up-scale nonlinear eddy kinetic energy (KE) cascade. This idea was later applied to or verified for AB observations or models by Green (1970,1977), Hansen & Chen (1982), Shutts (1983,1986), Haines & Marshall (1987), Butchart et al. (1989), Riyu & Ronghui (1996), Nakamura et al. (1997) and others. We present a study of the nonlinear-energetics contrast between Atlantic (A) and Pacific (P) AB and N, generalizing the Fourier-based approach originated by Saltzman (1957) and Hansen & Sutera (1984). The Wavelet Energetics (WE) recently introduced by the author is applied to the 53-y NCEP Reanalyis, extending his study of AB presented in AGU, 1995 and (Fournier 1998,1999,2000). Temporal mean and variance maps suggest that AB is associated with eddy activity concentrated on smaller scales on either side of the AB ridge. Correlating WE, AB relative to nonblocking, illumenates the AB similarities and differences between P and A, as the former's WE pattern is shifted over the latter's. The theoretical conservation of Wavelet Flux is numerically verified to well below observational tolerance. Statistical significance is estimated. Conclusions include the following. Wavelet KE and enstrophy stocks (localized at scale ≈21-jπ r⊕ cosǎrphi, zonal-wavenumber band ≈ ]2j-1,2j] and longitude ≈21-jkπ ) Kjk and Ejk increase upstream, decrease downstream of either block. Mean-flow transfer MKjk increases downstream, at j=2 (and j=4 for A, 5 for P). Eddy transfer TKjk has more complex changes, A!=qP except that TK1k decreases downstream. Eddy flux FKjk shows downscale (upscale) cascade downstream (upstream) of P (A blocks tend to migrate in λ more than do P, that would weaken this signal for A). MEjk and TEjk have less significant changes. Finally, FEjk shows some sign of downscale (upscale) cascade downstream (upstream) of both blocks.

Barrage fishponds: Reduction of pesticide concentration peaks and associated risk of adverse ecological effects in headwater streams.

PubMed

Gaillard, Juliette; Thomas, Marielle; Iuretig, Alain; Pallez, Christelle; Feidt, Cyril; Dauchy, Xavier; Banas, Damien

2016-03-15

Constructed wetlands have been suggested as pesticide risk mitigation measures. Yet, in many agricultural areas, ponds or shallow lakes are already present and may contribute to the control of non-point source contamination by pesticides. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the influence of extensively managed barrage fishponds (n = 3) on the dissolved concentrations of 100 pesticides in headwater streams over the course of a year. Among the 100 pesticides, 50 different substances were detected upstream and 48 downstream. Highest measured concentration upstream was 26.5 μg/L (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, MCPA) and 5.19 μg/L (isoproturon) downstream. Fishponds were found to reduce peak exposure levels as high pesticide concentrations (defined here as ≥ 1 μg/L) generally decreased by more than 90% between upstream and downstream sampling sites. The measured concentrations in the investigated streams were compared to laboratory toxicity data for standard test organisms (algae, invertebrates and fish) using the toxic unit approach. When considering the threshold levels set by the European Union within the first tier risk assessment procedure for pesticide registration (commission regulation (EU) N° 546/2011), regulatory threshold exceedances were observed for 22 pesticides upstream from fishponds and for 9 pesticides downstream. Therefore, the investigated barrage fishponds contributed to the reduction of pesticide peak concentrations and potential risk of adverse effects for downstream ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Water quality and the composition of fish and macroinvertebrate communities in the Devils and Pecos Rivers within and upstream from the Amistad National Recreation Area, Texas, 2005-7

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moring, J. Bruce

2012-01-01

The total number of fish species collected was the same in the Devils River and Pecos River, but the species found in the two rivers varied slightly. The number of fish species generally increased from the site farthest upstream to the site farthest downstream in the Devils River, and decreased between the site farthest upstream and site farthest downstream in the Pecos River. The redbreast sunfish was the most abundant species collected in the Devils River, and the blacktail shiner was the most abundant species collected in the Pecos River. Comparing the species from each river, the percentage of omnivorous fish species was larger at the more downstream sites closer to Amistad Reservoir, and the percentage of species tolerant of environmental stressors was larger in the Pecos River. The fish community, assessed on the basis of the number of shared species among the sites sampled, was more similar to the fish community at the other sites on the same river than it was to the fish community from any other site in the other river. More macroinvertebrate taxa were collected in the Devils River than in the Pecos River. The largest number of macroinvertebrate taxa were from the site second farthest downstream on the Devils River, and the smallest numbers of macroinvertebrate taxa were from the farthest downstream site on the Pecos River. Mayflies were more common in the Devils River, and caddisflies were less common than mayflies at most sites. Net-spinning caddisflies were more common at the Devils River sites. The combined percent of mayfly, caddisfly, and stonefly taxa was generally larger at the Pecos River sites. Riffle beetles were the most commonly collected beetle taxon among all sites, and water-penny beetles were only collected at the Pecos River sites. A greater number of true midge taxa were collected more than any other taxa at the genus and species taxonomic level. Non-insect macroinvertebrate taxa were more common at the Devils River sites. Corbicula sp. (presumably the introduced Asian clam) was found at sites in both rivers, and amphipods were more abundant in the Devils River. The Margalef species richness index, based on aquatic insect taxa only, was larger at the Devils River sites than at the Pecos River sites. The Hilsenhoff's biotic index was largest at the site farthest downstream in the Devils River and smallest at the site second farthest downstream in the Pecos River. Overall similarity among sites based on the number of shared macroinvertebrate taxa indicated that each site is more similar to other sites on the same river than to sites on the other river.

4. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING EARTHEN BERM AROUND STRUCTURE. NOTE INSTRUMENTATION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING EARTHEN BERM AROUND STRUCTURE. NOTE INSTRUMENTATION TRENCH IN FOREGROUND RIGHT; VIEW TO WEST. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, Facility 28401, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

1. General view of stockyards from livestock exchange building showing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view of stockyards from livestock exchange building showing (l-r) cattle pens and Buckingham Road, which terminates at "L" Street. View to north. - South Omaha Union Stock Yards, 2900 "O" Plaza, Omaha, Douglas County, NE

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0014 (ON LEFT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0014 (ON LEFT). TANK T0015 IS ON RIGHT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T1060 (ON RIGHT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T1060 (ON RIGHT). TANK T0161 IS ON LEFT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0164 (ON LEFT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0164 (ON LEFT). TANK T0165 IS ON RIGHT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0164 (ON RIGHT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0164 (ON RIGHT). TANK T0165 IS ON LEFT. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0014 (ON LEFT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0014 (ON LEFT). TANK T0015 IS ON RIGHT. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0160 (ON LEFT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0160 (ON LEFT). TANK T0161 IS ON RIGHT. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

3. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK 0745C (ON LEFT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK 0745C (ON LEFT). TANK 0745B IS ON RIGHT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Gasoline Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

6. General view from roof of Building 12 of interior ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. General view from roof of Building 12 of interior of complex. Building 13/14 stretches from left. View looking SE. - John & James Dobson Carpet Mill (West Parcel), 4041-4055 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

24. GENERAL VIEW OF NEW CONCRETE BLAST BERM FOR NEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. GENERAL VIEW OF NEW CONCRETE BLAST BERM FOR NEW LIQUID HYDROGEN TANK FARM; VIEW TO EAST. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, Facility 28402, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

2. General view of east facade of 1887 addition to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. General view of east facade of 1887 addition to Wilder Mill, Building No. 6: view to northwest. - Champion-International Paper Company, Wilder Mill, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA

1. General view of Hedges Creek trestle at m.p. 37.8, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view of Hedges Creek trestle at m.p. 37.8, view looking southeast. - Oregon Electric Railroad, Hedges Creek Trestle, Garden Home to Wilsonville Segment, Milepost 37.8, Garden Home, Washington County, OR

4. GENERAL VIEW OF LAUNCH PAD B FROM LAUNCH PAD ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. GENERAL VIEW OF LAUNCH PAD B FROM LAUNCH PAD A MOBILE SERVICE STRUCTURE; VIEW TO SOUTH. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, Facility 28402, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

The execution trap. Drawing a line between strategy and execution almost guarantees failure.

PubMed

Martin, Roger L

2010-01-01

The realization of a strategy depends on countless employees. So it's no surprise that when a strategy fails, the reason cited is usually poor execution. But this view of strategy and execution relies on a false metaphor in which senior management is a choosing brain while those in the rest of the company are choiceless arms and legs that merely carry out the brain's bidding. The approach does damage to the corporation because it alienates the people working for it. A better metaphor for strategy is a white-water river, in which choices cascade from its source in the mountains (the corporation) to its mouth (the rest of the organization). Executives at the top make the broader choices involving long-term investments while empowering employees toward the bottom to make more concrete, day-to-day decisions that directly influence customer service and satisfaction. For the cascade to flow properly, a choice maker upstream can set the context for those downstream by doing four things: explaining what the choice is and why it's been made, clearly identifying the next downstream choice, offering help with making choices as needed, and committing to revisit and adjust the choice based on feedback. When downstream choices are valued and feedback is encouraged, employees send information upward, improving the knowledge base of decision makers higher up and helping everyone in the organization make better choices.

Fish oil: what the prescriber needs to know

PubMed Central

Cleland, Leslie G; James, Michael J; Proudman, Susanna M

2006-01-01

There is a general belief among doctors, in part grounded in experience, that patients with arthritis need nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Implicit in this view is that these patients require the symptomatic relief provided by inhibiting synthesis of nociceptive prostaglandin E2, a downstream product of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase (COX), which is inhibited by NSAIDs. However, the concept of 'safe' NSAIDs has collapsed following a multiplicity of observations establishing increased risk for cardiovascular events associated with NSAID use, especially but not uniquely with the new COX-2-selective NSAIDs. This mandates greater parsimony in the use of these agents. Fish oils contain a natural inhibitor of COX, reduce reliance on NSAIDs, and reduce cardiovascular risk through multiple mechanisms. Fish oil thus warrants consideration as a component of therapy for arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis, in which its symptomatic benefits are well established. A major barrier to the therapeutic use of fish oil in inflammatory diseases is ignorance of its mechanism, range of beneficial effects, safety profile, availability of suitable products, effective dose, latency of effects and instructions for administration. This review provides an evidence-based resource for doctors and patients who may choose to prescribe or take fish oil. PMID:16542466

2. GENERAL CONTEXT VIEW SHOWING 36004 AT FAR LEFT, LAUNCH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL CONTEXT VIEW SHOWING 36004 AT FAR LEFT, LAUNCH PAD A GANTRY AT CENTER, LAUNCH PAD B GANTRY AT RIGHT; THIS VIEW MATCHES FL-8-5-1 TO FORM PANORAMIC SWEEP OF SITE; VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

2. View of Pope & Talbot office and general store, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. View of Pope & Talbot office and general store, facing southeast across Rainier Avenue. Walker-Ames house in right background. - Pope & Talbot Office & General Store, Rainier Avenue, Port Gamble, Kitsap County, WA

19. VIEW OF THE GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY IN BUILDING 881. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. VIEW OF THE GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY IN BUILDING 881. (4/12/62) - Rocky Flats Plant, General Manufacturing, Support, Records-Central Computing, Southern portion of Plant, Golden, Jefferson County, CO

Meteorological Station, general view in setting showing west and north ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Meteorological Station, general view in setting showing west and north sides; view to southeast - Fort McKinley, Meteorological Station, East side of Weymouth Way, approximately 225 feet south of Cove Side Drive, Great Diamond Island, Portland, Cumberland County, ME

2. GENERAL VIEW OF INTERIOR. NOTE SKYLIGHTS ON VAULTED CEILING. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW OF INTERIOR. NOTE SKYLIGHTS ON VAULTED CEILING. Photocopy of circa 1910 photo published in a 1911 book, Stanley's Views of Philadelphia. - Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives & Granting Annuities, 431 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

NORTHERLY STRETCH OF MILLBURY PORTION; GENERAL VIEW ACROSS CANAL PRISM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

NORTHERLY STRETCH OF MILLBURY PORTION; GENERAL VIEW ACROSS CANAL PRISM TO TOWPATH BERM (LATER FILL ENCROACHING LEFT) NEAR CENTER OF THIS STRETCH; VIEW TO SOUTHWEST - Blackstone Canal Worcester-Millbury Segment, Eastern bank of Blackstone River, Millbury, Worcester County, MA

1. General view of south facade of Wilder Mill, Building ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view of south facade of Wilder Mill, Building No.2 from south side of canal; view to northwest. - Champion-International Paper Company, Wilder Mill, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA

General perspective view of the North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, view looking southwest - North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, Spanning North Fork Butter Creek Bridge at Milepost 76.63 on Heppner Highway (Oregon Route 74), Pilot Rock, Umatilla County, OR

General perspective view of the North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, view looking north - North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, Spanning North Fork Butter Creek Bridge at Milepost 76.63 on Heppner Highway (Oregon Route 74), Pilot Rock, Umatilla County, OR

General perspective view of the North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of the North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, view looking south - North Fork Butter Creek Bridge, Spanning North Fork Butter Creek Bridge at Milepost 76.63 on Heppner Highway (Oregon Route 74), Pilot Rock, Umatilla County, OR

Cooling system with compressor bleed and ambient air for gas turbine engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marsh, Jan H.; Marra, John J.

A cooling system for a turbine engine for directing cooling fluids from a compressor to a turbine blade cooling fluid supply and from an ambient air source to the turbine blade cooling fluid supply to supply cooling fluids to one or more airfoils of a rotor assembly is disclosed. The cooling system may include a compressor bleed conduit extending from a compressor to the turbine blade cooling fluid supply that provides cooling fluid to at least one turbine blade. The compressor bleed conduit may include an upstream section and a downstream section whereby the upstream section exhausts compressed bleed airmore » through an outlet into the downstream section through which ambient air passes. The outlet of the upstream section may be generally aligned with a flow of ambient air flowing in the downstream section. As such, the compressed air increases the flow of ambient air to the turbine blade cooling fluid supply.« less

Vav family exchange factors: an integrated regulatory and functional view

PubMed Central

Bustelo, Xosé R

2014-01-01

The Vav family is a group of tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated signal transduction molecules hierarchically located downstream of protein tyrosine kinases. The main function of these proteins is to work as guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for members of the Rho GTPase family. In addition, they can exhibit a variety of catalysis-independent roles in specific signaling contexts. Vav proteins play essential signaling roles for both the development and/or effector functions of a large variety of cell lineages, including those belonging to the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. They also contribute to pathological states such as cancer, immune-related dysfunctions, and atherosclerosis. Here, I will provide an integrated view about the evolution, regulation, and effector properties of these signaling molecules. In addition, I will discuss the pros and cons for their potential consideration as therapeutic targets. PMID:25483299

GENERAL VIEW SHOWING VENTILATOR NUMBER NINE. THIS VENTILATOR IS SLIGHTLY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW SHOWING VENTILATOR NUMBER NINE. THIS VENTILATOR IS SLIGHTLY MORE ORNATE THAN WAS GENERALLY USED BECAUSE OF ITS LOCATION - Old Croton Aqueduct, Ventilator Number 9, Spring & Everett Streets, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

15. GENERAL VIEW OF NORTHWEST SIDE OF SHED, WITH AN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. GENERAL VIEW OF NORTHWEST SIDE OF SHED, WITH AN OBLIQUE VIEW OF THE STEP-DOWN ROOF AND TWO BANKS OF CLEARSTORY LIGHTS - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0075 (ON RIGHT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0075 (ON RIGHT). TANKS T0076, T0077, AND T0078 ARE ON LEFT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0075 (ON LEFT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK T0075 (ON LEFT). TANKS T0076, T0077, AND T0078 ARE ON RIGHT. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK 0745C (ON RIGHT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK 0745C (ON RIGHT). TANKS 0745A, AND O745B ARE ON LEFT. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Gasoline Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK 0745C (ON LEFT). ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW OF SETTING OF TANK 0745C (ON LEFT). TANKS 0745A AND 0745B ARE ON RIGHT. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Gasoline Storage Tank, December Seventh Avenue & D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

NORTHERLY STRETCH OF MILLBURY PORTION, GENERAL VIEW SHOWING TOWPATH BERM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

NORTHERLY STRETCH OF MILLBURY PORTION, GENERAL VIEW SHOWING TOWPATH BERM (CENTER/RIGHT) AND CANAL PRISM (LEFT); VIEW TO SOUTH FROM FOOT OF THE "TOWN-LINE DUMP" - Blackstone Canal Worcester-Millbury Segment, Eastern bank of Blackstone River, Millbury, Worcester County, MA

1. GENERAL VIEW, TOWPATH BERM (CENTER) AND CANAL PRISM (LEFT) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW, TOWPATH BERM (CENTER) AND CANAL PRISM (LEFT) SOUTH OF THE SPILLWAY; VIEW TO SOUTH. - Blackstone Canal Millbury Segment, Beginning northwest of State Route 146 & McCracken Road, running along west side of Route 146, Millbury, Worcester County, MA

5. General view of rear (north) facade of Wilder Mill, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. General view of rear (north) facade of Wilder Mill, Building No 6 (1873 and 1928 segments, left to right): view to south. - Champion-International Paper Company, Wilder Mill, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA

8. GENERAL VIEW OF TOWER 32, LEFT, AND TOWER 31, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. GENERAL VIEW OF TOWER 32, LEFT, AND TOWER 31, RIGHT. VIEW LOOKING NORTH SHOWING AERIAL WIRE DESIGN WITH VERTICAL 'TOP HAT' WIRES IN CENTER. - Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, 6410 Zero Road, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

1. Photocopy of circa 1910 photograph showing a general view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Photocopy of circa 1910 photograph showing a general view of the ten-story addition, published in a 1911 book, Stanley's Views of Philadelphia. - Provident Life & Trust Company Bank, 1888-1890 Addition, 401-407 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Using the Plan View to Teach Basic Crystallography in General Chemistry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cushman, Cody V.; Linford, Matthew R.

2015-01-01

The plan view is used in crystallography and materials science to show the positions of atoms in crystal structures. However, it is not widely used in teaching general chemistry. In this contribution, we introduce the plan view, and show these views for the simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, hexagonal close packed, CsCl, NaCl,…

General view looking aft along the starboard side of the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view looking aft along the starboard side of the Orbiter Discovery in the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. This view shows a close up view of the reinforced carbon-carbon leading edge of the Orbiter wing. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

166. GENERAL VIEW DOWN 4TH AVENUE. VIEW NORTHEAST DOWN 4TH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

166. GENERAL VIEW DOWN 4TH AVENUE. VIEW NORTHEAST DOWN 4TH AVE. FROM BUILDING 44 SHOWING, FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, BUILDING 46, 48, 55, AND 50 (PART OF ENLISTED BARRACKS COMPLEX), AND BUILDINGS 17, 16, 484, 483, 374, AND 375 (IN THE WAREHOUSE COMPLEX). - Quonset Point Naval Air Station, Roger Williams Way, North Kingstown, Washington County, RI

Wind tunnel measurements of the dilution of tailpipe emissions downstream of a car, a light-duty truck, and a heavy-duty truck tractor head.

PubMed

Chang, Victor W C; Hildemann, Lynn M; Chang, Cheng-hisn

2009-06-01

The particle and gaseous pollutants in vehicle exhaust emissions undergo rapid dilution with ambient air after exiting the tailpipe. The rate and extent of this dilution can greatly affect both the size evolution of primary exhaust particles and the potential for formation of ultrafine particles. Dilution ratios were measured inside of a wind tunnel in the region immediately downstream of the tailpipe using model vehicles (approximately one-fifth to one-seventh scale models) representing a light-duty truck, a passenger car, and a heavy-duty tractor head (without the trailer). A tracer gas (ethene) was released at a measured flow rate from the tailpipe, and 60 sampling probes placed downstream of the vehicle simultaneously sampled gas tracer concentrations in the near-wake (first few vehicle heights) and far-wake regions (beyond 10 vehicle heights). Tests using different tunnel wind speeds show the range of dilution ratios that can be expected as a function of vehicle type and downstream distance (i.e., time). The vehicle shape quite strongly influences dilution profiles in the near-wake region but is much less important in the far-wake region. The tractor generally produces higher dilution rates than the automobile and light-duty truck under comparable conditions.

Body morphology differs in wild juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Willamette River, Oregon, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Billman, E.J.; Whitman, L.D.; Schroeder, R.K.; Sharpe, C.S.; Noakes, David L. G.; Schreck, Carl B.

2014-01-01

Body morphology of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the upper Willamette River, Oregon, U.S.A., was analysed to determine if variation in body shape is correlated with migratory life-history tactics followed by juveniles. Body shape was compared between migrating juveniles that expressed different life-history tactics, i.e. autumn migrants and yearling smolts, and among parr sampled at three sites along a longitudinal river gradient. In the upper Willamette River, the expression of life-history tactics is associated with where juveniles rear in the basin with fish rearing in downstream locations generally completing ocean ward migrations earlier in life than fish rearing in upstream locations. The morphological differences that were apparent between autumn migrants and yearling smolts were similar to differences between parr rearing in downstream and upstream reaches, indicating that body morphology is correlated with life-history tactics. Autumn migrants and parr from downstream sampling sites had deeper bodies, shorter heads and deeper caudal peduncles compared with yearling smolts and parr from the upstream sampling site. This study did not distinguish between genetic and environmental effects on morphology; however, the results suggest that downstream movement of juveniles soon after emergence is associated with differentiation in morphology and with the expression of life-history variation.

Sluiceway Operations for Adult Steelhead Downstream Passage at The Dalles Dam, Columbia River, USA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khan, Fenton; Royer, Ida M.; Johnson, Gary E.

2013-10-01

This study evaluated adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss; fallbacks and kelts) downstream passage at The Dalles Dam in the Columbia River, USA, during the late fall, winter, and early spring months between 2008 and 2011. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of operating the dam’s ice-and-trash sluiceway during non-spill months to provide a relatively safe, non-turbine, surface outlet for overwintering steelhead fallbacks and downstream migrating steelhead kelts. We applied the fixed-location hydroacoustic technique to estimate fish passage rates at the sluiceway and turbines of the dam. The spillway was closed during our sampling periods, which generally occurredmore » in late fall, winter, and early spring. The sluiceway was highly used by adult steelhead (91–99% of total fish sampled passing the dam) during all sampling periods. Turbine passage was low when the sluiceway was not operated. This implies that lack of a sluiceway route did not result in increased turbine passage. However, when the sluiceway was open, adult steelhead used it to pass through the dam. The sluiceway may be operated during late fall, winter, and early spring to provide an optimal, non-turbine route for adult steelhead (fallbacks and kelts) downstream passage at The Dalles Dam.« less

Hydrologic landscape regions for predicting and generalizing the refuge function of intermittent and ephemeral streams

EPA Science Inventory

Intermittent and ephemeral (IE) streams can provide important functions within stream networks. Understanding the relative benefit provided to downstream waters is needed to better inform watershed management. Although the potential functions of IE streams are relatively well kn...

Mechanism of Suppression and Extinguishment of Communication Cable Fire by Ultra Fine Water Mist in Cross-Flow

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-14

gasification rate is expected to be lower and this results in a shorter flame length . In the lateral direction, the copper mesh at both ends is cooled...the cylinder. The visible flame length and width are of the order of the cylinder diameter (1.9 cm) at atmospheric pressure and air velocity of 10...6a is the side-view of the self-sustaining base case flame right after ignition. It shows a long plume downstream of the cable. The total flame

6. GENERAL WAREHOUSE, VIEW TO EAST SHOWING DETAIL OF ELEVATOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. GENERAL WAREHOUSE, VIEW TO EAST SHOWING DETAIL OF ELEVATOR DOOR (CENTER), FLANKING PEDESTRIAN ENTRIES, AND LOADING DOCK. - Rosie the Riveter National Historical Park, General Warehouse, 1320 Canal Boulevard, Richmond, Contra Costa County, CA

1. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING VENTILATOR NO. 9. THIS VENTILATOR IS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING VENTILATOR NO. 9. THIS VENTILATOR IS SLIGHTLY MORE ORNATE THAN WAS GENERALLY USED BECAUSE OF ITS LOCATION. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Ventilator Number 9, Spring & Everett Streets, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

An assessment of sediment-transport processes in the Lower Mekong River based on deposit grain sizes, the CM technique and flow-energy data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bravard, Jean-Paul; Goichot, Marc; Tronchère, Hervé

2014-02-01

The Lower Mekong River has been an important research topic for at least 15 years, notably in the fields of hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and the impact of dams. Recent papers refer mostly to the impact of the Lancang chain of hydroelectric dams constructed on the Chinese section of the river. Among the pending scientific questions are (1) the upstream-downstream variations in the concentration and yield of suspended sediment and (2) the relative importance of sand in the total yield. The general consensus among the scientific community is that the relative importance of sand in suspended load is not the main scientific concern despite its extensive presence in the Mekong River channel, as noted by geomorphologists, and despite its extreme importance for the stability of the delta shoreline in Viet Nam. This paper contradicts the general consensus. Its objective is to present new information on the processes of sand transport in the Lower Mekong channel. Imagery, field observations, sampling on the river banks, and grain size analysis of sand deposits have been carried out between Chiang Sean (downstream of the Chinese border) and the delta. The C-M image technique served to discriminate between the various transport processes (bedload and different types of suspension). This technique helps in understanding the changing processes responsible for downstream sediment transfer in river channels. The results of this study are the following.

South Fork Telephone Switchboard Building, general view in setting showing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

South Fork Telephone Switchboard Building, general view in setting showing (N) side; view (S) - Fort McKinley, South Fork Telephone Switchboard Building, South side of Weymouth Way, approximately 100 feet west of East Side Drive, Great Diamond Island, Portland, Cumberland County, ME

GENERAL VIEW OF FLIGHT LINE BUILDINGS. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF FLIGHT LINE BUILDINGS. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, JET ENGINE TEST CELL BUILDING (BUILDING 2820), MAINTENANCE DOCK, FLIGHT SYSTEM (BUILDING 2818)" AND MAINTENANCE DOCK (BUILDING 2793). VIEW TO SOUTHEAST - Plattsburgh Air Force Base, U.S. Route 9, Plattsburgh, Clinton County, NY

NORAD

Science.gov Websites

TERRENCE J. O'SHAUGHNESSY, USAF Command, United States Northern Command VIEW BIO LIEUTENANT GENERAL REYNOLD N. HOOVER, USA Deputy Commander, United States Northern Command VIEW BIO MAJOR GENERAL PEGGY C . COMBS, USA Chief of Staff, United States Northern Command VIEW BIO SERGEANT MAJOR PAUL MCKENNA, USMC

SOUTHERLY STRETCH OF MILLBURY PORTION; GENERAL VIEW OF TOWPATH BERM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

SOUTHERLY STRETCH OF MILLBURY PORTION; GENERAL VIEW OF TOWPATH BERM (LEFT) AND CANAL PRISM (CENTER) WITH LATER EMBANKMENT OF U.S. ROUTE 20 RAMP ENCROACHING RIGHT; VIEW TO NORTH - Blackstone Canal Worcester-Millbury Segment, Eastern bank of Blackstone River, Millbury, Worcester County, MA

General view along tracks to Locomotive Shop with Car Shop ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view along tracks to Locomotive Shop with Car Shop on right. Note locomotive tires leaning against Car Shop wall. View from west - East Broad Top Railroad & Coal Company, State Route 994, West of U.S. Route 522, Rockhill Furnace, Huntingdon County, PA

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Lake Mark Dam (CT 00337), Thames River Basin, Stafford, Connecticut. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

detected. Phase I inspections are not intended to provide detailed hydrologic and hydraulic analyses. In accordance with the esta- blished Guidelines, the...the need for more detailed hydrologic and hydraulic studies, considering the size of the dam, its general condition and the downstream damage...SECTION 5: EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC /HYDROLOGIC FEATURES U 5.1 General........................................ 5-1 5.2 Design Data

Allogeneic cell therapy bioprocess economics and optimization: downstream processing decisions.

PubMed

Hassan, Sally; Simaria, Ana S; Varadaraju, Hemanthram; Gupta, Siddharth; Warren, Kim; Farid, Suzanne S

2015-01-01

To develop a decisional tool to identify the most cost effective process flowsheets for allogeneic cell therapies across a range of production scales. A bioprocess economics and optimization tool was built to assess competing cell expansion and downstream processing (DSP) technologies. Tangential flow filtration was generally more cost-effective for the lower cells/lot achieved in planar technologies and fluidized bed centrifugation became the only feasible option for handling large bioreactor outputs. DSP bottlenecks were observed at large commercial lot sizes requiring multiple large bioreactors. The DSP contribution to the cost of goods/dose ranged between 20-55%, and 50-80% for planar and bioreactor flowsheets, respectively. This analysis can facilitate early decision-making during process development.

Discussion of Boundary-Layer Characteristics Near the Wall of an Axial-Flow Compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mager, Artur; Mohoney, John J; Budinger, Ray E

1952-01-01

The boundary-layer velocity profiles in the tip region of an axial-flow compressor downstream of the guide vanes and downstream of the rotor were measured by use of total-pressure and claw-type yaw probes. These velocities were resolved into two components: one along the streamline of the flow outside the boundary layer, and the other perpendicular to it. The affinity among all profiles was thus demonstrated with the boundary-layer thickness and the deflection of the boundary layer at the wall as the generalizing parameters. By use of these results and the momentum-integral equations, boundary-layer characteristics on the walls of an axial-flow compressor were qualitatively evaluated.

2. General view of Fort Hill Farm, view looking north ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. General view of Fort Hill Farm, view looking north from (F) two-room cabin. From left to right, buildings visible are (I) log tobacco barn; (H and D) shed and center chimney four-room cabin; (E and (A) one-room cabin in front of mansion; (J) hay barn. - Fort Hill Farm, West of Staunton (Roanoke) River between Turkey & Caesar's Runs, Clover, Halifax County, VA

GENERAL VIEW, DIAMOND STREET LOOKING EAST FROM A POINT JUST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW, DIAMOND STREET LOOKING EAST FROM A POINT JUST WEST OF ITS INTERSECTION WITH NATRONA STREET. THE HOUSES AND STOREFRONT DOCUMENTED IN THIS RECORD ARE ON THE LEFT OF THIS VIEW. - 3200 Block Diamond Street (Houses & Storefront), North side, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

3. GENERAL VIEW ACROSS CANAL PRISM TO TOWPATH BERM NORTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. GENERAL VIEW ACROSS CANAL PRISM TO TOWPATH BERM NORTH OF THE SPILLWAY; VIEW TO WEST FROM ROUTE 146 EMBANKMENT. - Blackstone Canal Millbury Segment, Beginning northwest of State Route 146 & McCracken Road, running along west side of Route 146, Millbury, Worcester County, MA

2. GENERAL VIEW ACROSS CANAL PRISM TO TOWPATH BERM SOUTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW ACROSS CANAL PRISM TO TOWPATH BERM SOUTH OF THE SPILLWAY; VIEW TO SOUTHWEST FROM ROUTE 146 EMBANKMENT. - Blackstone Canal Millbury Segment, Beginning northwest of State Route 146 & McCracken Road, running along west side of Route 146, Millbury, Worcester County, MA

3. General view from mouth of raceway showing east and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. General view from mouth of raceway showing east and north facades of Wilder Mill, Building No. 6, with pedestrian bridge in foreground; view to west. - Champion-International Paper Company, Wilder Mill, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA

1. GENERAL VIEW OF LAUNCH PAD A WITH MOBILE SERVICE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF LAUNCH PAD A WITH MOBILE SERVICE STRUCTURE IN LOCKED POSITION OVER LAUNCHER BUILDING AND RETENTION POND AT RIGHT; VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, Facility 28501, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

12. Interior view of battle staff compartment showing the general's ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Interior view of battle staff compartment showing the general's chair. View toward front of aircraft. - Offutt Air Force Base, Looking Glass Airborne Command Post, Looking Glass Aircraft, On Operational Apron covering northeast half of Project Looking Glass Historic District, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

General view of the flight deck of the Orbiter Discovery ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of the flight deck of the Orbiter Discovery looking from a low angle up and aft from approximately behind the commander's station. In the view you can see the overhead aft observation windows, the payload operations work area and in this view the payload bay observation windows have protective covers on them. This view was taken at Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Pathobiology of HIV in the Human Monocyte-Macrophage

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-24

of the general transcription T 1P I 1 - C machinery. In vitro analisis of PMA-inducible transcription. In itro transcription experiments were used to...inducible factoris interacts s ith associated protein is responsible. It has been established that nucleolide sequences downstream from the HIV KB site

Plasma spray nozzle with low overspray and collimated flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beason, Jr., George P. (Inventor); McKechnie, Timothy N. (Inventor); Power, Christopher A. (Inventor)

1996-01-01

An improved nozzle for reducing overspray in high temperature supersonic plasma spray devices comprises a body defining an internal passageway having an upstream end and a downstream end through which a selected plasma gas is directed. The nozzle passageway has a generally converging/diverging Laval shape with its upstream end converging to a throat section and its downstream end diverging from the throat section. The upstream end of the passageway is configured to accommodate a high current cathode for producing an electrical arc in the passageway to heat and ionize the gas flow to plasma form as it moves along the passageway. The downstream end of the nozzle is uniquely configured through the methodology of this invention to have a contoured bell-shape that diverges from the throat to the exit of the nozzle. Coating material in powder form is injected into the plasma flow in the region of the bell-shaped downstream end of the nozzle and the powder particles become entrained in the flow. The unique bell shape of the nozzle downstream end produces a plasma spray that is ideally expanded at the nozzle exit and thus virtually free of shock phenomena, and that is highly collimated so as to exhibit significantly reduced fanning and diffusion between the nozzle and the target. The overall result is a significant reduction in the amount of material escaping from the plasma stream in the form of overspray and a corresponding improvement in the cost of the coating operation and in the quality and integrity of the coating itself.

General view, south fourthfloor (attic) room, center block, looking northeast. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view, south fourth-floor (attic) room, center block, looking northeast. Originally two rooms, the partition wall was likely removed when a cistern was installed, formerly set on the platform at the center of this view. - Lazaretto Quarantine Station, Wanamaker Avenue and East Second Street, Essington, Delaware County, PA

12. General view of raceway from pedestrian bridge, showing north ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. General view of raceway from pedestrian bridge, showing north wall of Wilder Mill on left and stone arch bridge carrying Spicket Street and railroad righ-of-way over raceway; view to west. - Champion-International Paper Company, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA

13. General view of raceway from pedestrian bridge, showing north ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. General view of raceway from pedestrian bridge, showing north wall of Wilder Mill on left and stone arch bridge carrying Spicket Street and railroad right-of-way over raceway; view to west. - Champion-International Paper Company, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA

4. General oblique view of rear (north) facade of Wilder ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. General oblique view of rear (north) facade of Wilder Mill, Building No. 6 (1887, 1873 and 1928 segments, left to right) with Clay Storage Silos in background; view to southeast. - Champion-International Paper Company, Wilder Mill, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA

18. VIEW OF TURBINEGENERATOR UNIT NO. 19, MANUFACTURED BY GENERAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. VIEW OF TURBINE-GENERATOR UNIT NO. 19, MANUFACTURED BY GENERAL ELECTRIC IN 1959 AND RATED AT 342 MEGAWATTS; IT REMAINS IN OPERATION. THIS VIEW IS INSIDE THE GENERATING STATION OF 1959. - Commonwealth Electric Company, Fisk Street Electrical Generating Station, 1111 West Cermak Avenue, Chicago, Cook County, IL

GENERAL VIEW OF FLIGHT LINE BUILDINGS. FROM RIGHT TO LEFT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF FLIGHT LINE BUILDINGS. FROM RIGHT TO LEFT, PETROLEUM OPERATIONS BUILDING (BUILDING, 2840), SECURITY POLICE CENTRAL CONTROL BUILDING (BUILDING 2841). MAINTENANCE DOCK (BUILDING 2837) AND MAINTENANCE DOCK (BUILDING 2890). VIEW TO NORTHWEST - Plattsburgh Air Force Base, U.S. Route 9, Plattsburgh, Clinton County, NY

General view of the flight deck of the orbiter Discovery ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of the flight deck of the orbiter Discovery looking forward and overhead at the overhead instrumentation and control panels. This view was taken at Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Production Strategies and Applications of Microbial Single Cell Oils

PubMed Central

Ochsenreither, Katrin; Glück, Claudia; Stressler, Timo; Fischer, Lutz; Syldatk, Christoph

2016-01-01

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the ω-3 and ω-6 class (e.g., α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid) are essential for maintaining biofunctions in mammalians like humans. Due to the fact that humans cannot synthesize these essential fatty acids, they must be taken up from different food sources. Classical sources for these fatty acids are porcine liver and fish oil. However, microbial lipids or single cell oils, produced by oleaginous microorganisms such as algae, fungi and bacteria, are a promising source as well. These single cell oils can be used for many valuable chemicals with applications not only for nutrition but also for fuels and are therefore an ideal basis for a bio-based economy. A crucial point for the establishment of microbial lipids utilization is the cost-effective production and purification of fuels or products of higher value. The fermentative production can be realized by submerged (SmF) or solid state fermentation (SSF). The yield and the composition of the obtained microbial lipids depend on the type of fermentation and the particular conditions (e.g., medium, pH-value, temperature, aeration, nitrogen source). From an economical point of view, waste or by-product streams can be used as cheap and renewable carbon and nitrogen sources. In general, downstream processing costs are one of the major obstacles to be solved for full economic efficiency of microbial lipids. For the extraction of lipids from microbial biomass cell disruption is most important, because efficiency of cell disruption directly influences subsequent downstream operations and overall extraction efficiencies. A multitude of cell disruption and lipid extraction methods are available, conventional as well as newly emerging methods, which will be described and discussed in terms of large scale applicability, their potential in a modern biorefinery and their influence on product quality. Furthermore, an overview is given about applications of microbial lipids or derived fatty acids with emphasis on food applications. PMID:27761130

Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-09

USGS Publications Warehouse

Esralew, Rachel A.; Tortorelli, Robert L.

2010-01-01

The city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, uses Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin in northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma for public water supply. The city has spent millions of dollars over the last decade to eliminate taste and odor problems in the drinking water from the Eucha-Spavinaw system, which may be attributable to blue-green algae. Increases in the algal biomass in the lakes may be attributable to increases in nutrient concentrations in the lakes and in the waters feeding the lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, investigated and summarized total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in water samples and provided estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus loads, yields, and flow-weighted concentrations during base flow and runoff for two streams discharging to Lake Eucha for the period January 2002 through December 2009. This report updates a previous report that used data from water-quality samples collected from January 2002 through December 2006. Based on the results from the Mann-Whitney statistical test, unfiltered total nitrogen concentrations were significantly greater in runoff water samples than in base-flow water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek near Maysville and near Cherokee City, Arkansas; Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Oklahoma, and Beaty Creek near Jay, Oklahoma. Nitrogen concentrations in runoff water samples collected from all stations generally increased with increasing streamflow. Nitrogen concentrations in base-flow and runoff water samples collected in Spavinaw Creek significantly increased from the station furthest upstream (near Maysville) to the Sycamore station and then significantly decreased from the Sycamore station to the station furthest downstream (near Colcord). Nitrogen concentrations in base-flow and runoff water samples collected from Beaty Creek were significantly less than base-flow and runoff water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek. Based on the results from the Mann-Whitney statistical test, unfiltered total phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in runoff water samples than in base-flow water samples for the entire period for most stations, except in water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee City, in which no significant difference was detected for the entire period nor for any season. Phosphorus concentrations in runoff water samples collected from all stations generally increased with increasing streamflow. Based on results from a multi-stage Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, phosphorus concentrations in base-flow water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek significantly increased from the Maysville station to the Cherokee City station, probably because of discharge from a municipal wastewater-treatment plant between those stations. Phosphorus concentrations significantly decreased downstream from the Cherokee City station to the Colcord station. Phosphorus concentrations in base-flow water samples collected from Beaty Creek were significantly less than phosphorus in base-flow water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek downstream from the Maysville station. View report for unabridged abstract.

General perspective view of historiccontributing properties in the Vale Commercial ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General perspective view of historic-contributing properties in the Vale Commercial Historic District (view from left to right: Buildings T, U, L, and O), view looking northwest on Main Street - Vale Commercial Historic District, A Street between Holland & Longfellow Streets, north side of B Street between Holland & Main Streets, Main Street South from A Street through B Street, & Stone House at 283 Main Street South, Vale, Malheur County, OR

Data on surface-water quality and quantity, lower Edgewood Creek basin, Douglas County, Nevada, 1984-85

USGS Publications Warehouse

La Camera, R. J.; Browning, S.B.

1988-01-01

Selected hydrologic data were collected from August 1984 through July 1985 at three sites on the lower part of Edgewood Creek, and at a recently constructed sediment-catchment basin that captures and retains runoff from developed areas in the lower Edgewood Creek drainage. The data were collected to quantify the discharge of selected constituents downstream from recent and planned watershed restoration projects, and to Lake Tahoe. Contained in this report are the results of quantitative analyses of 39 water samples for: total and dissolved ammonium, organic nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, and orthophosphorus; suspended sediment; total iron, manganese, and zinc; and dissolved temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen; summary statistics (means and standard deviations), and computations of instantaneous loads. On the basis of mean values, about 80% of the total nitrogen load at each of the three Edgewood Creek sites is in the form of organic nitrogen, 12% is in the form of nitrate nitrogen, 7% is in the form of ammonium nitrogen, and 1% is in the form of nitrite nitrogen. The percentage of total phosphorus load in the form of orthophosphorus at the three stream sites varies somewhat with time, but is generally greater at the two downstream sites than at the upstream site. In addition, the percentage of the total phosphorus load that is present in the dissolved state generally is greater at the two downstream sites than at the upstream site. (Lantz-PTT)

Fish assemblages in the Upper Esopus Creek, NY: Current status, variability, and controlling factors

USGS Publications Warehouse

Baldigo, Barry P.; George, Scott D.; Keller, Walter T

2015-01-01

The Upper Esopus Creek receives water diversions from a neighboring basin through the Shandaken Tunnel (the portal) from the Schoharie Reservoir. Although the portal is closed during floods, mean flows and turbidity of portal waters are generally greater than in Esopus Creek above their confluence. These conditions could potentially affect local fish assemblages, yet such effects have not been assessed in this highly regulated stream. We studied water quality, hydrology, temperature, and fish assemblages at 18 sites in the Upper Esopus Creek during 2009–2011 to characterize the effects of the portal input on resident-fish assemblages and to document the status of the fishery resource. In general, fish-community richness increased by 2–3 species at mainstem sites near the portal, and median density and biomass of fish communities at sites downstream of the portal were significantly lower than they were at sites upstream of the portal. Median densities of Salmo trutta (Brown Trout) and all trout species were significantly lower than at mainstem sites downstream from the portal—25.1 fish/0.1 ha and 148.9 fish/0.1 ha, respectively—than at mainstem sites upstream from the portal—68.8 fish/0.1 ha and 357.7 fish/0.1 ha, respectively—yet median biomass for Brown Trout and all trout did not differ between sites from both reaches. The median density of young-of-year Brown Trout at downstream sites (9.3 fish/0.1 ha) was significantly lower than at upstream sites (33.9 fish/0.1 ha). Waters from the portal appeared to adversely affect the density and biomass of young-of-year Brown Trout, but lower temperatures and increased flows also improved habitat quality for mature trout at downstream sites during summer. These findings, and those from companion studies, indicate that moderately turbid waters from the portal had few if any adverse impacts on trout populations and overall fish communities in the Upper Esopus Creek during this study.

3. View of Pope & Talbot office and general store, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. View of Pope & Talbot office and general store, facing southwest, rear of mill office in right foreground, rear of store in left foreground. Walker-Ames house in left background. - Pope & Talbot Office & General Store, Rainier Avenue, Port Gamble, Kitsap County, WA

GENERAL VIEW OF WESTERN PART OF PLANT INCLUDING (LEFT TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF WESTERN PART OF PLANT INCLUDING (LEFT TO RIGHT) BETHLEHEM RAIL MILL, GENERAL OFFICE BUILDING, MACHINE SHOP, BAR MILL, BLOOMING MILL & OPEN HEARTH PLANT. - Pittsburgh Steel Company, Monessen Works, Open Hearth Plant, Donner Avenue, Monessen, Westmoreland County, PA

Effects of Hardened Low-Water Crossings on Periphyton and Water Quality in Selected Streams at the Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, 1998-99 and 2003-04

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bryan, Barbara W.; Bryan, C. Frederick; Lovelace, John K.; Tollett, Roland W.

2007-01-01

In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), at the request of the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk, began a follow-up study to determine whether installation and modification of hardened low-water crossings had short-term (less than 1 year) or long-term (greater than 1 year) effects on periphyton or water quality in five streams at the Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana. Periphyton data were statistically analyzed for possible differences between samples collected at upstream and downstream sites and before and after low-water crossings were modified on three streams, Big Brushy Creek, Tributary to East Fork of Sixmile Creek, and Tributary to Birds Creek, during 2003?04. Periphyton data also were analyzed for possible differences between samples collected at upstream and downstream sites on two streams, Tributary to Big Brushy Creek and Little Brushy Creek, during 1998?99 and 2003. Variations in periphyton communities could not be conclusively attributed to the modifications. Most of the significant changes in percent frequency of occurrence and average cell density of the 10 most frequently occurring periphyton taxa were increases at downstream sites after the hardened low-water crossing installations or modifications. However, these changes in the periphyton community are not necessarily deleterious to the community structure. Water-quality data collected from upstream and downstream sites on the five streams during 2003?04 were analyzed for possible differences caused by the hardened crossings. Generally, average water-quality values and concentrations were similar at upstream and downstream sites. When average water-quality values or concentrations changed significantly, they almost always changed significantly at both the upstream and downstream sites. It is probable that observed variations in water quality at both upstream and downstream sites are related to differences in rainfall and streamflow during the sample collection periods rather than an effect of the hardened low-water crossing installations or modifications, but additional study is needed.

Recovery of benthic-invertebrate communities in the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, following implementation of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater

USGS Publications Warehouse

Crawford, Charles G.; Wangsness, David J.

1992-01-01

The City of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, completed construction of advanced-wastewater-treatment systems to enlarge and upgrade existing secondary-treatment processes at the City’s two municipal wastewater-treatment plants in 1983. These plants discharge their effluent to the White River. A study was begun in 1981 to evaluate the effects of municipal wastewater on the quality of the White River near Indianapolis. As part of this study, benthic-invertebrate samples were collected from one riffle upstream and two riffles downstream from the treatment plants annually from 1981 through 1987 (2 times before and 5 times after the plant improvements became operational). Samples were collected during periods of late-summer or early-fall low streamflow with a Surber sampler. Upstream from the wastewater-treatment plants, mayflies and caddisflies were the predominant organisms in the benthic-invertebrate community (from 32 to 93 percent of all organisms; median value is 67 percent) with other insects and mollusks also present. Before implementation of advanced wastewater-treatment, the benthic-invertebrate community downstream from the wastewater treatment plants was predominantly chironomids and oligochaetes (more than 98 percent of all organisms)-organisms that generally are tolerant of organic wastes. Few intolerant species, such as mayflies or caddisflies were found. Following implementation of advanced wastewater treatment, mayflies and caddisflies became numerically dominant in samples collected downstream from the plants. By 1986, these organisms accounted for more than 90 percent of all organisms found at the two downstream sites. The diversity of benthic invertebrates found in these samples resembled that at the upstream site. The improvement in the quality of municipal wastewater effluent resulted in significant improvements in the water quality of the White River downstream from Indianapolis. These changes in river quality, in turn, have resulted in a shift from mostly pollution-tolerant to mostly pollution-intolerant organisms in the benthic-invertebrate community of the White River downstream from Indianapolis. The recovery was not immediate, however, with one of the downstream sites requiring 3 years before pollution-intolerant organisms became numerically dominant.

30 CFR 816.150 - Roads: general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... altering the normal flow of water in streambeds or drainage channels; (6) Prevent or control damage to... part of any road shall be located in the channel of an intermittent or perennial stream unless... 816.57 of this chapter. (2) Roads shall be located to minimize downstream sedimentation and flooding...

30 CFR 817.150 - Roads: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... altering the normal flow of water in streambeds or drainage channels; (6) Prevent or control damage to... part of any road shall be located in the channel of an intermittent or perennial stream unless... 817.57 of this chapter. (2) Roads shall be located to minimize downstream sedimentation and flooding...

METHANE EMISSIONS FROM THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY VOLUME 3: GENERAL METHODOLOGY

EPA Science Inventory

The 15-volume report summarizes the results of a comprehensive program to quantify methane (CH4) emissions from the U.S. natural gas industry for the base year. The objective was to determine CH4 emissions from the wellhead and ending downstream at the customer's meter. The accur...

26 CFR 1.7519-0T - Table of contents (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 1987. (iii) Example. (2) Adjusted highest section 1 rate. (i) General rule. (ii) Period for determining highest section rate. Base year. (4) Special rules for certain applicable election years. (i) First...) Special rules for certain payments. (1) Certain indirect payments. (2) Payments by a downstream controlled...

33 CFR 222.2 - Acquisition of lands downstream from spillways for hydrologic safety purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ENGINEERING AND DESIGN § 222.2... agencies having civil works responsibilities. (c) Reference. ER 405-2-150. (d) Discussion. A policy of... that would prevail without the project. General hydrologic engineering considerations are as follows...

Effect of sediment transport boundary conditions on the numerical modeling of bed morphodynamics

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Experimental sediment transport studies in laboratory flumes can use two sediment-supply methods: an imposed feed at the upstream end or recirculation of sediment from the downstream end to the upstream end. These methods generally produce similar equilibrium bed morphology, but temporal evolution c...

Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sando, Steven K.; Vecchia, Aldo V.; Lorenz, David L.; Barnhart, Elliott P.

2014-01-01

A large-scale trend analysis was done on specific conductance, selected trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc), and suspended-sediment data for 22 sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin for water years 1996–2010. Trend analysis was conducted by using two parametric methods: a time-series model (TSM) and multiple linear regression on time, streamflow, and season (MLR). Trend results for 1996–2010 indicate moderate to large decreases in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) and loads of copper (and other metallic elements) and suspended sediment in Silver Bow Creek upstream from Warm Springs. Deposition of metallic elements and suspended sediment within Warm Springs Ponds substantially reduces the downstream transport of those constituents. However, mobilization of copper and suspended sediment from floodplain tailings and stream banks in the Clark Fork reach from Galen to Deer Lodge is a large source of metallic elements and suspended sediment, which also affects downstream transport of those constituents. Copper and suspended-sediment loads mobilized from within this reach accounted for about 40 and 20 percent, respectively, of the loads for Clark Fork at Turah Bridge (site 20); whereas, streamflow contributed from within this reach only accounted for about 8 percent of the streamflow at Turah Bridge. Minor changes in FACs and loads of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for this reach during 1996–2010. Clark Fork reaches downstream from Deer Lodge are relatively smaller sources of metallic elements than the reach from Galen to Deer Lodge. In general, small decreases in loads and FACs of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for Clark Fork sites downstream from Deer Lodge during 1996–2010. Thus, although large decreases in FACs and loads of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for Silver Bow Creek upstream from Warm Springs, those large decreases are not translated to the more downstream reaches largely because of temporal stationarity in constituent transport relations in the Clark Fork reach from Galen to Deer Lodge. Unlike metallic elements, arsenic (a metalloid element) in streams in the upper Clark Fork Basin typically is mostly in dissolved phase, has less variability in concentrations, and has weaker direct relations with suspended-sediment concentrations and streamflow. Arsenic trend results for 1996–2010 indicate generally moderate decreases in FACs and loads in Silver Bow Creek upstream from Opportunity. In general, small temporal changes in loads and FACs of arsenic are indicated for Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork reaches downstream from Opportunity during 1996–2010. Contribution of arsenic (from Warm Springs Ponds, the Mill-Willow bypass, and groundwater sources) in the Silver Bow Creek reach from Opportunity to Warm Springs is a relatively large source of arsenic. Arsenic loads originating from within this reach accounted for about 11 percent of the load for Clark Fork at Turah Bridge; whereas, streamflow contributed from within this reach only accounted for about 2 percent of the streamflow at Turah Bridge.

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE EAST SIDE OF THE COMPLEX, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE EAST SIDE OF THE COMPLEX, VIEW LOOKING SOUTH WITH THE FIRE CACHE BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS BUILDING, GRAPHICS BUILDING, FOREST PRACTICES BUILDING, AND THE K.O.G. (KEEP OREGON GREEN) BUILDING VISIBLE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT. - Oregon State Forester's Office Complex, 2600 State Street, Salem, Marion, OR

GENERAL VIEW OF CHAPEL (smaller than church; to right of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF CHAPEL (smaller than church; to right of church). NOTE SERRATED PARAPET AND THE FAMOUS "ROSE WINDOW" IN CENTER. ALSO NOTE BUTTRESSES. SOUTH SIDE. Duplicate color view of HABS TX-333-B-1 - Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo, Chapel, 6539 San Jose Road, San Antonio, Bexar County, TX

52. GENERAL VIEW OF THE HIGH BAY AND SHRINK PIT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

52. GENERAL VIEW OF THE HIGH BAY AND SHRINK PIT PRODUCTION AREA, FROM THE WEST BALCONY; LOOKING SE. THE 217/40 TON CLEVELAND CRANE CAN BE SEEN IN THE UPPER RIGHT OF THE VIEW. (Ryan) - Watervliet Arsenal, Building No. 110, Hagner Road between Schull & Whittemore Roads, Watervliet, Albany County, NY

General view in the Horizontal Processing Area of the Space ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view in the Horizontal Processing Area of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Processing Facility at Kennedy Space Center. This view is looking at SSME number 2048 mounted on an SSME engine Handler. - Space Transportation System, Space Shuttle Main Engine, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

View looking from northeast to southwest (generally) past the Music ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View looking from northeast to southwest (generally) past the Music Hall, pavilions, and causeway extension to the north elevation of the Swiss Chalet; note Japanese Pagoda in background. View likely taken from beneath the Dog Bridge. - National Park Seminary, Chateau Causeways, Between Linden Lane & Beach Drive, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

5. GENERAL VIEW OF DAM FROM TOP OF MIXING PLANT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. GENERAL VIEW OF DAM FROM TOP OF MIXING PLANT, SHOWING BUTTRESSES 6 TO 10 INCLUSIVE. NOTE CONTRACTION JOINTS ARE GENERALLY FILLED TO ELEVATION 1650. PUMPCRETE TRESTLE IS AT ELEVATION 1698. April 21, 1938 - Bartlett Dam, Verde River, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

18. VIEW OF THE GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB. THE LABORATORY PROVIDED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. VIEW OF THE GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB. THE LABORATORY PROVIDED GENERAL ANALYTICAL AND STANDARDS CALIBRATION, AS WELL AS DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS INCLUDING WASTE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR WEAPONS SYSTEMS. (4/4/66) - Rocky Flats Plant, General Manufacturing, Support, Records-Central Computing, Southern portion of Plant, Golden, Jefferson County, CO

General view looking aft from the starboard side of the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view looking aft from the starboard side of the mid fuselage of the Orbiter Discovery. This view has a close-up view of the remote sensor boom and its retention mechanisms at its attach points to the starboard longeron. This photograph was taken in the Orbiter Processing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center. - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

3. General view of Fort Hill Farm, view looking west ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. General view of Fort Hill Farm, view looking west from (B) two-story hall-and-parlor house. Buildings visible, from left to right, are (B) parlor house porch; (E) one-room cabin; (D) center chimney four-room cabin; (J) hay barn; (I) log tobacco barn; (A) mansion, obscured by trees; (M) stable; (K) small barn. - Fort Hill Farm, West of Staunton (Roanoke) River between Turkey & Caesar's Runs, Clover, Halifax County, VA

Simulating Water Resource Disputes of Transboundary River: A Case Study of the Zhanghe River Basin, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Liang; He, Weijun; Liao, Zaiyi; Mulugeta Degefu, Dagmawi; An, Min; Zhang, Zhaofang

2018-01-01

Water resource disputes within transboundary river basin has been hindering the sustainable use of water resources and efficient management of environment. The problem is characterized by a complex information feedback loop that involves socio-economic and environmental systems. This paper presents a system dynamics based model that can simulate the dynamics of water demand, water supply, water adequacy and water allocation instability within a river basin. It was used for a case study in the Zhanghe River basin of China. The base scenario has been investigated for the time period between 2000 and 2050. The result shows that the Chinese national government should change the water allocation scheme of downstream Zhanghe River established in 1989, more water need to be allocated to the downstream cities and the actual allocation should be adjusted to reflect the need associated with the socio-economic and environmental changes within the region, and system dynamics improves the understanding of concepts and system interactions by offering a comprehensive and integrated view of the physical, social, economic, environmental, and political systems.

Genome engineering for improved recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Mahalik, Shubhashree; Sharma, Ashish K; Mukherjee, Krishna J

2014-12-19

A metabolic engineering perspective which views recombinant protein expression as a multistep pathway allows us to move beyond vector design and identify the downstream rate limiting steps in expression. In E.coli these are typically at the translational level and the supply of precursors in the form of energy, amino acids and nucleotides. Further recombinant protein production triggers a global cellular stress response which feedback inhibits both growth and product formation. Countering this requires a system level analysis followed by a rational host cell engineering to sustain expression for longer time periods. Another strategy to increase protein yields could be to divert the metabolic flux away from biomass formation and towards recombinant protein production. This would require a growth stoppage mechanism which does not affect the metabolic activity of the cell or the transcriptional or translational efficiencies. Finally cells have to be designed for efficient export to prevent buildup of proteins inside the cytoplasm and also simplify downstream processing. The rational and the high throughput strategies that can be used for the construction of such improved host cell platforms for recombinant protein expression is the focus of this review.

Theory for broadband Noise of Rotor and Stator Cascades with Inhomogeneous Inflow Turbulence Including Effects of Lean and Sweep

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanson, Donald B.

2001-01-01

The problem of broadband noise generated by turbulence impinging on a downstream blade row is examined from a theoretical viewpoint. Equations are derived for sound power spectra in terms of 3 dimensional wavenumber spectra of the turbulence. Particular attention is given to issues of turbulence inhomogeneity associated with the near field of the rotor and variations through boundary layers. Lean and sweep of the rotor or stator cascade are also handled rigorously with a full derivation of the relevant geometry and definitions of lean and sweep angles. Use of the general theory is illustrated by 2 simple theoretical spectra for homogeneous turbulence. Limited comparisons are made with data from model fans designed by Pratt & Whitney, Allison, and Boeing. Parametric studies for stator noise are presented showing trends with Mach number, vane count, turbulence scale and intensity, lean, and sweep. Two conventions are presented to define lean and sweep. In the "cascade system" lean is a rotation out of its plane and sweep is a rotation of the airfoil in its plane. In the "duct system" lean is the leading edge angle viewing the fan from the front (along the fan axis) and sweep is the angle viewing the fan from the side (,perpendicular to the axis). It is shown that the governing parameter is sweep in the plane of the airfoil (which reduces the chordwise component of Mach number). Lean (out of the plane of the airfoil) has little effect. Rotor noise predictions are compared with duct turbulence/rotor interaction noise data from Boeing and variations, including blade tip sweep and turbulence axial and transverse scales are explored.

General Education Reform: A Faculty and Student View.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watts, W. David; Forbes, Douglas

Faculty and student opinions about general education at Southwest Texas State University were assessed, along with the effect of the matrix administration structure. Views concerning the present requirements and structure of general education were surveyed, based on administration of faculty and student questionnaires. The survey data revealed…

2. GENERAL VIEW FROM SOUTH SHOWING SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHEAST SIDES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW FROM SOUTH SHOWING SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHEAST SIDES AND CLERESTORY ARRANGEMENT - Sulphur Springs Methodist Campground, Sulphur Springs Road (Sulphur Springs), Sulphur Springs, Washington County, TN

General view of Quarters (Building No. 44) and Lake Jeanette ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of Quarters (Building No. 44) and Lake Jeanette looking southeast. - National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Western Branch, Quarters, Franklin Avenue, Leavenworth, Leavenworth County, KS

Biological and microbiological assessment of the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lium, Bruce W.; Stamer, J.K.; Ehlke, T.A.; Faye, R.E.; Cherry, R.N.

1979-01-01

Biological and microbiological studies were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey as a part of the Intensive River-Quality Assessment studies of the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia. Phytoplankton concentrations in cells per milliliter (cells/mL) were generally higher downstream from Atlanta than upstream. The highest concentrations, mostly blue-green algae, occurred in West Point Lake with an average of 90,000 cells/mL for the sampling period. The lowest concentrations, 1,000 cells/mL, occurred upstream of Lake Sidney Lanier. Dissolved orthophosphate and nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were highest in the river reaches and upper reaches of the two lakes and were lowest at the dam pools of both lakes. The high nitrite plus nitrate concentrations downstream from Atlanta were primarily a result of nitrification by Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter bacteria. Algal growth potential was highest downstream from Atlanta, 25 milligrams per liter (mg/L) at Whitesburg, and was the lowest in the headwaters and at the dam pools of Lake Sidney Lanier and West Point Lake. The rate of nitrification in the Atlanta to Franklin reach of the river was comparatively low, 0.02 mg/L per hour. Nitrification was an important cause of dissolved-oxygen consumption in a 45-mi reach of the river downstream from the Atlanta wastewater treatment facilities. Dissolved-oxygen consumption as a result of nitrification may be greatest during low flow. (Woodard-USGS)

Relation of periphyton and benthic invertebrate communities to environmental factors and land use at selected sites in part of the upper Mississippi River basin, 1996-98

USGS Publications Warehouse

ZumBerge, Jeremy Ryan; Lee, Kathy E.; Goldstein, Robert M.

2003-01-01

Biological communities in the Mississippi River reflected changes in water quality and physical habitat as the Minnesota and St. Croix Rivers join the Mississippi River. Periphyton density and biovolume, and the relative abundance of blue-green algae density increased in the Mississippi River at the confluence compared to the Minnesota and St. Croix Rivers. Relative abundance of benthic invertebrate taxa richness and diversity generally decreased downstream in the large rivers as urban and agricultural land use become more prevalent. Impoundments and dredging of the Mississippi River in and downstream from the TCMA exacerbate effects of increasing river size to produce a more lake-like system.

Anomalous Hydrodynamic Drafting of Interacting Flapping Flags

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ristroph, Leif; Zhang, Jun

2008-11-01

In aggregates of objects moving through a fluid, bodies downstream of a leader generally experience reduced drag force. This conventional drafting holds for objects of fixed shape, but interactions of deformable bodies in a flow are poorly understood, as in schools of fish. In our experiments on “schooling” flapping flags, we find that it is the leader of a group who enjoys a significant drag reduction (of up to 50%), while the downstream flag suffers a drag increase. This counterintuitive inverted drag relationship is rationalized by dissecting the mutual influence of shape and flow in determining drag. Inverted drafting has never been observed with rigid bodies, apparently due to the inability to deform in response to the altered flow field of neighbors.

Effects of stream-adjacent logging in fishless headwaters on downstream coastal cutthroat trout

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bateman, Douglas S.; Sloat, Matthew R.; Gresswell, Robert E.; Berger, Aaron M.; Hockman-Wert, David; Leer, David W.; Skaugset, Arne E.

2016-01-01

To investigate effects of headwater logging on downstream coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) populations, we monitored stream habitat and biotic indicators including biomass, abundance, growth, movement, and survival over 8 years using a paired-watershed approach. Reference and logged catchments were located on private industrial forestland on ∼60-year harvest rotation. Five clearcuts (14% of the logged catchment area) were adjacent to fishless portions of the headwater streams, and contemporary regulations did not require riparian forest buffers in the treatment catchment. Logging did not have significant negative effects on downstream coastal cutthroat trout populations for the duration of the sample period. Indeed, the only statistically significant response of fish populations following logging in fishless headwaters was an increase in late-summer biomass (g·m−2) of age-1+ coastal cutthroat trout in tributaries. Ultimately, the ability to make broad generalizations concerning effects of timber harvest is difficult because response to disturbance (anthropogenically influenced or not) in aquatic systems is complex and context-dependent, but our findings provide one example of environmentally compatible commercial logging in a regenerated forest setting.

Sauter mean diameter statistics of the starch dispersion atomized with hydraulic nozzle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Naz, Muhammad Yasin, E-mail: yasin603@yahoo.com; Ariwahjoedi, Bambang, E-mail: bambang-ariwahjoedi@petronas.com.my; Sulaiman, Shaharin Anwar, E-mail: shaharin@petronas.com.my

In the reported research work, the microscopic droplet velocity at different axial and radial locations downstream to the nozzle exit was studied by using a non-intrusive Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) techniques. These velocity measurements made in the viscous fluid spray sterams were used to predict the different breakup regimes in the flow. It was noticed that the droplet velocity decreased sharply downstream to the nozzle exit, whereas steady decrease in velocity was seen along the radial directions. For shorter injection time periods, the velocity downstream to the nozzle was not following the general breakup model. However, along the radial directionmore » it exactly followed the discussed model. Along the spray centerline, the velocity was decreasing sharply even at far points from the nozzle exit. It was difficult to identify the core region, transition region and fully developed spray region in the flow. It revealed that the jet breakup was not completed yet and further disintegration was taking place along the spray centerline for shorter injection periods below 250 ms.« less

Carbon emission from global hydroelectric reservoirs revisited.

PubMed

Li, Siyue; Zhang, Quanfa

2014-12-01

Substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from hydropower reservoirs have been of great concerns recently, yet the significant carbon emitters of drawdown area and reservoir downstream (including spillways and turbines as well as river reaches below dams) have not been included in global carbon budget. Here, we revisit GHG emission from hydropower reservoirs by considering reservoir surface area, drawdown zone and reservoir downstream. Our estimates demonstrate around 301.3 Tg carbon dioxide (CO2)/year and 18.7 Tg methane (CH4)/year from global hydroelectric reservoirs, which are much higher than recent observations. The sum of drawdown and downstream emission, which is generally overlooked, represents 42 % CO2 and 67 % CH4 of the total emissions from hydropower reservoirs. Accordingly, the global average emissions from hydropower are estimated to be 92 g CO2/kWh and 5.7 g CH4/kWh. Nonetheless, global hydroelectricity could currently reduce approximate 2,351 Tg CO2eq/year with respect to fuel fossil plant alternative. The new findings show a substantial revision of carbon emission from the global hydropower reservoirs.

5. GENERAL VIEW OF UNITEDTOD TWIN TANDEM STEAM ENGINE. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. GENERAL VIEW OF UNITED-TOD TWIN TANDEM STEAM ENGINE. - Republic Iron & Steel Company, Youngstown Works, Blooming Mill & Blooming Mill Engines, North of Poland Avenue, Youngstown, Mahoning County, OH

General interior view of first floor showroom, showing piers. Photograph ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General interior view of first floor showroom, showing piers. Photograph taken April 1973. - Scarritt Building & Arcade, Ninth Street & Grand Avenue, & 819 Walnut Street, Kansas City, Jackson County, MO

8. GENERAL INTERIOR VIEW OF FISH HATCHERY BUILDING, SHOWING INCUBATION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. GENERAL INTERIOR VIEW OF FISH HATCHERY BUILDING, SHOWING INCUBATION TANKS. - Bonneville Project, Fish Hatchery, On Columbia River bordered on South by Union Pacific, Bonneville, Multnomah County, OR

3. Photocopy of 1932 photograph showing another general view of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Photocopy of 1932 photograph showing another general view of the mansion, looking northwest. Original photograph at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. - Strawberry Mansion, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

1. GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE ELECTRIC FURNACE STEELMAKING PLANT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE ELECTRIC FURNACE STEELMAKING PLANT LOOKING NORTHEAST. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Electric Furnace Steelmaking Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

1. General context view of Express Building, looking northwest with ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General context view of Express Building, looking northwest with railroad tracks in foreground - American Railway Express Company Freight Building, 1060 Northeast Division Street, Bend, Deschutes County, OR

4. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING INDIAN CREEK (FOREGROUND) AND CULVERT. AQUEDUCT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING INDIAN CREEK (FOREGROUND) AND CULVERT. AQUEDUCT PASSES ABOVE CULVERT. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Indian Creek Culvert, Reservoir & Quaker Bridge Roads, Crotonville, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

10. General view of site showing south side of Shell ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. General view of site showing south side of Shell Interlocking Tower and slope of railroad bed. View to north from unpaved service road extending from Bartels Place. - New York, New Haven, & Hartford Railroad, Shell Interlocking Tower, New Haven Milepost 16, approximately 100 feel east of New Rochelle Junction, New Rochelle, Westchester County, NY

General view in the Horizontal Processing Area of the Space ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view in the Horizontal Processing Area of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Processing Facility at Kennedy Space Center. This view is looking at SSME 2052 and 2051 mounted on their SSME Engine Handlers. - Space Transportation System, Space Shuttle Main Engine, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

1. General view of Fort Hill Farm, view looking southsoutheast. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view of Fort Hill Farm, view looking south-southeast. From left to right, buildings visible are (B) two-story hall-and-parlor house; (k) small barn; (A) mansion' (G( shed; (H) shed; (I) log tobacco barn; (H and D) shed and center chimney four-room cabin; (E and (A) one-room cabin in front of mansion; (J) hay barn. - Fort Hill Farm, West of Staunton (Roanoke) River between Turkey & Caesar's Runs, Clover, Halifax County, VA

General view, kitchen and living/dining area of secondfloor apartment, east ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view, kitchen and living/dining area of second-floor apartment, east wing, looking southeast. - Lazaretto Quarantine Station, Wanamaker Avenue and East Second Street, Essington, Delaware County, PA

7. General view of command center, building 501, looking west ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. General view of command center, building 501, looking west - Offutt Air Force Base, Strategic Air Command Headquarters & Command Center, Command Center, 901 SAC Boulevard, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

6. General view of command center, building 501, looking east ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. General view of command center, building 501, looking east - Offutt Air Force Base, Strategic Air Command Headquarters & Command Center, Command Center, 901 SAC Boulevard, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

3. GENERAL VIEW OF PASSENGER CAR SHOP; RAILROAD TRACKS IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. GENERAL VIEW OF PASSENGER CAR SHOP; RAILROAD TRACKS IN FOREGROUND - Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Mount Clare Passenger Car Shop, Southwest corner of Pratt & Poppleton Streets, Baltimore, Independent City, MD

32. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING DRAFT CONES AND INTAKE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING DRAFT CONES AND INTAKE TUBES. - Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant, Spanning Tennessee River at Wilson Dam Road (Route 133), Muscle Shoals, Colbert County, AL

MORE INCLUSIVE GENERAL VIEW OF THE GARDEN, HOUSE, AND OUTBUILDINGS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

MORE INCLUSIVE GENERAL VIEW OF THE GARDEN, HOUSE, AND OUTBUILDINGS FROM THE BOTANIC GARDEN'S SOUTHEAST SIDE - John Bartram House & Garden, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

1. GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING SOUTH, SHOWING FACADE OF FISH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW LOOKING SOUTH, SHOWING FACADE OF FISH HATCHERY BUILDING. - Bonneville Project, Fish Hatchery, On Columbia River bordered on South by Union Pacific, Bonneville, Multnomah County, OR

7. GENERAL VIEW OF INTERIOR OF MEETINGHOUSE FROM SOUTHEAST SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. GENERAL VIEW OF INTERIOR OF MEETINGHOUSE FROM SOUTHEAST SHOWING CLERESTORY ARRANGEMENT AND SUPPORT SYSTEM - Sulphur Springs Methodist Campground, Sulphur Springs Road (Sulphur Springs), Sulphur Springs, Washington County, TN

13. GENERAL VIEW IN HOUSE LOUNGE; THOMAS HART BENTON MURALS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. GENERAL VIEW IN HOUSE LOUNGE; THOMAS HART BENTON MURALS DEPICT SOCIAL HISTORY OF MISSOURI - Missouri State Capitol, High Street between Broadway & Jefferson Streets, Jefferson City, Cole County, MO

Optogenetic analysis of a nociceptor neuron and network reveals ion channels acting downstream of primary sensors.

PubMed

Husson, Steven J; Costa, Wagner Steuer; Wabnig, Sebastian; Stirman, Jeffrey N; Watson, Joseph D; Spencer, W Clay; Akerboom, Jasper; Looger, Loren L; Treinin, Millet; Miller, David M; Lu, Hang; Gottschalk, Alexander

2012-05-08

Nociception generally evokes rapid withdrawal behavior in order to protect the tissue from harmful insults. Most nociceptive neurons responding to mechanical insults display highly branched dendrites, an anatomy shared by Caenorhabditis elegans FLP and PVD neurons, which mediate harsh touch responses. Although several primary molecular nociceptive sensors have been characterized, less is known about modulation and amplification of noxious signals within nociceptor neurons. First, we analyzed the FLP/PVD network by optogenetics and studied integration of signals from these cells in downstream interneurons. Second, we investigated which genes modulate PVD function, based on prior single-neuron mRNA profiling of PVD. Selectively photoactivating PVD, FLP, and downstream interneurons via Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) enabled the functional dissection of this nociceptive network, without interfering signals by other mechanoreceptors. Forward or reverse escape behaviors were determined by PVD and FLP, via integration by command interneurons. To identify mediators of PVD function, acting downstream of primary nocisensor molecules, we knocked down PVD-specific transcripts by RNAi and quantified light-evoked PVD-dependent behavior. Cell-specific disruption of synaptobrevin or voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) showed that PVD signals chemically to command interneurons. Knocking down the DEG/ENaC channel ASIC-1 and the TRPM channel GTL-1 indicated that ASIC-1 may extend PVD's dynamic range and that GTL-1 may amplify its signals. These channels act cell autonomously in PVD, downstream of primary mechanosensory molecules. Our work implicates TRPM channels in modifying excitability of and DEG/ENaCs in potentiating signal output from a mechano-nociceptor neuron. ASIC-1 and GTL-1 homologs, if functionally conserved, may denote valid targets for novel analgesics. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preliminary Experimental Results on the Technique of Artificial River Replenishment to Mitigate Sediment Loss Downstream Dams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franca, M. J.; Battisacco, E.; Schleiss, A. J.

2014-12-01

The transport of sediments by water throughout the river basins, from the steep slopes of the upstream regions to the sea level, is recognizable important to keep the natural conditions of rivers with a role on their ecology processes. Over the last decades, a reduction on the supply of sand and gravel has been observed downstream dams existing in several alpine rivers. Many studies highlight that the presence of a dam strongly modifies the river behavior in the downstream reach, in terms of morphology and hydrodynamics, with consequences on local ecology. Sediment deficit, bed armoring, river incision and bank instability are the main effects which affect negatively the aquatic habitats and the water quality. One of the proposed techniques to solve the problem of sediment deficit downstream dams, already adopted in few Japanese and German rivers although on an unsatisfactory fashion, is the artificial replenishment of these. Generally, it was verified that the erosion of the replenishments was not satisfactory and the transport rate was not enough to move the sediments to sufficient downstream distances. In order to improve and to provide an engineering answer to make this technique more applicable, a series of laboratory tests are ran as preparatory study to understand the hydrodynamics of the river flow when the replenishment technique is applied. Erodible volumes, with different lengths and submergence conditions, reproducing sediment replenishments volumes, are positioned along a channel bank. Different geometrical combinations of erodible sediment volumes are tested as well on the experimental flume. The first results of the experimental research, concerning erosion time evolution, the influence of discharge and the distance travelled by the eroded sediments, will be presented and discussed.

Regionally coherent, downstream propagating trends of river bed incision and aggradation in glaciated basins of western Washington, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, S. W.; Konrad, C. P.

2016-12-01

Understanding the connections between climate and river bed morphology is relevant both for interpreting the geologic record and understanding modern channel change. Here, we use changing stage-discharge relations at USGS stream-gage sites in western Washington State to infer local bed-elevation changes over the past 50 to 90 years. A network of gages in a large, unregulated basin with active glaciation show decadal periods of aggradation and incision that are strongly correlated when lagged. Best-fit lag times indicate the downstream propagation of single coherent signal at a slope-dependent velocity of 1-4 km/yr. This same pattern of change is observed at the outlets of regional rivers with glaciated headwaters but is absent in unglaciated river systems. Sites high in glaciated river systems also show coherency across basins, suggesting that the similarity in the downstream trends across glaciated basins is the result of the downstream propagation of a regionally coherent headwater signal. Incisional trends emanating from headwaters between 1950 and 1980 match a period when regional glaciers were stable or advancing, but assigning causation is complicated by hydroclimatic trends with similar temporal patterns. The recent trend is aggradational, though current bed elevations are generally similar to those prior to 1950, and are consistent with regional data indicating that sediment production in glaciated basins from 1950 to 1980 was anomalously low relative to conditions over the past several hundred years. Regionally, our results suggest the possibility of forecasting periods of aggradation and increased flood hazards several years to decades in advance in populated downstream settings. More broadly, the methods used in this analysis involve simple calculations on publically available data and provide a low-cost means of assessing local channel change wherever USGS stream-gages have been operated.

A molecular view of onychophoran segmentation.

PubMed

Janssen, Ralf

2017-05-01

This paper summarizes our current knowledge on the expression and assumed function of Drosophila and (other) arthropod segmentation gene orthologs in Onychophora, a closely related outgroup to Arthropoda. This includes orthologs of the so-called Drosophila segmentation gene cascade including the Hox genes, as well as other genetic factors and pathways involved in non-drosophilid arthropods. Open questions about and around the topic are addressed, such as the definition of segments in onychophorans, the unclear regulation of conserved expression patterns downstream of non-conserved factors, and the potential role of mesodermal patterning in onychophoran segmentation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ballistic imaging of the near field in a diesel spray

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Linne, Mark; Paciaroni, Megan; Hall, Tyler; Parker, Terry

2006-06-01

We have developed an optical technique called ballistic imaging to view breakup of the near-field of an atomizing spray. In this paper, we describe the successful use of a time-gated ballistic imaging instrument to obtain single-shot images of core region breakup in a transient, single hole atomizing diesel fuel spray issuing into one atmosphere. We present a sequence of images taken at the nozzle for various times after start of injection, and a sequence taken at various positions downstream of the nozzle exit at a fixed time. These images contain signatures of periodic behavior, voids, and entrainment processes.

The role of cGMP signalling in regulating life cycle progression of Plasmodium.

PubMed

Hopp, Christine S; Bowyer, Paul W; Baker, David A

2012-08-01

The 3'-5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is the main mediator of cGMP signalling in the malaria parasite. This article reviews the role of PKG in Plasmodium falciparum during gametogenesis and blood stage schizont rupture, as well as the role of the Plasmodium berghei orthologue in ookinete differentiation and motility, and liver stage schizont development. The current views on potential effector proteins downstream of PKG and the mechanisms that may regulate cyclic nucleotide levels are presented. Copyright © 2012 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: modeling dams, temperature, and success on migrating salmon smolts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marschall, Elizabeth A.; Mather, Martha E.; Parrish, Donna; Allison, Gary W.; McMenemy, James R.

2011-01-01

Disruption to migration is a growing problem for conservation and restoration of animal populations. Anthropogenic barriers along migration paths can delay or prolong migrations, which may result in a mismatch with migration-timing adaptations. To understand the interaction of dams (as barriers along a migration path), seasonally changing environmental conditions, timing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) downstream migration, and ultimate migration success, we used 10 years of river temperature and discharge data as a template upon which we simulated downstream movement of salmon. Atlantic salmon is a cool-water species whose downstream migrating smolts must complete migration before river temperatures become too warm. We found that dams had a local effect on survival as well as a survival effect that was spatially and temporally removed from the encounter with the dam. While smolts are delayed by dams, temperatures downstream can reach lethal or near-lethal temperatures; as a result, the match between completion of migration and the window of appropriate migration conditions can be disrupted. The strength of this spatially and temporally removed effect is at least comparable to the local effects of dams in determining smolt migration success in the presence of dams. We also considered smolts from different tributaries, varying in distance from the river mouth, to assess the potential importance of locally adapted migration timing on the effect of barriers. Migration-initiation temperature affected modeled smolt survival differentially across tributaries, with the success of smolts from upstream tributaries being much more variable across years than that of smolts with a shorter distance to travel. As a whole, these results point to the importance of broadening our spatial and temporal view when managing migrating populations. We must consider not only how many individuals never make it across migration barriers, but also the spatially and temporally removed consequences of delays at the barriers for those individuals that successfully navigate them.

Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: Modeling dams, temperature, and success of migrating salmon smolts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marschall, E.A.; Mather, M. E.; Parrish, D.L.; Allison, G.W.; McMenemy, J.R.

2011-01-01

Disruption to migration is a growing problem for conservation and restoration of animal populations. Anthropogenic barriers along migration paths can delay or prolong migrations, which may result in a mismatch with migration-timing adaptations. To understand the interaction of dams (as barriers along a migration path), seasonally changing environmental conditions, timing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) downstream migration, and ultimate migration success, we used 10 years of river temperature and discharge data as a template upon which we simulated downstream movement of salmon. Atlantic salmon is a cool-water species whose downstream migrating smolts must complete migration before river temperatures become too warm. We found that dams had a local effect on survival as well as a survival effect that was spatially and temporally removed from the encounter with the dam. While smolts are delayed by dams, temperatures downstream can reach lethal or near-lethal temperatures;as a result, the match between completion of migration and the window of appropriate migration conditions can be disrupted. The strength of this spatially and temporally removed effect is at least comparable to the local effects of dams in determining smolt migration success in the presence of dams. We also considered smolts from different tributaries, varying in distance from the river mouth, to assess the potential importance of locally adapted migration timing on the effect of barriers. Migration-initiation temperature affected modeled smolt survival differentially across tributaries, with the success of smolts from upstream tributaries being much more variable across years than that of smolts with a shorter distance to travel. As a whole, these results point to the importance of broadening our spatial and temporal view when managing migrating populations. We must consider not only how many individuals never make it across migration barriers, but also the spatially and temporally removed consequences of delays at the barriers for those individuals that successfully navigate them. ??2011 by the Ecological Society of America.

General view looking out from the Fixed Service Structure at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view looking out from the Fixed Service Structure at Launch Complex 39 B at Kennedy Space Center. This view shows a Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) attached to the External Tank (ET) as well as the Orbiter Discovery attached to the ET for a complete launch stack assembly being prepared for launch. The most prominent features of the SRB shown in this view id the ET Attach Ring in the lower center of the view and the Systems Tunnel running vertically from the Aft Skirt Assembly, beyond the lower edge of this view, to the Forward Skirt near the Frustum at the top center of this view. - Space Transportation System, Solid Rocket Boosters, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

18. GENERAL VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST TO SOUTHWEST, SHOWING RELATIONSHIP TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. GENERAL VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST TO SOUTHWEST, SHOWING RELATIONSHIP TO OFFICE AREA TO STAIRS - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

2. Photocopy of 1932 photograph showing a general view and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Photocopy of 1932 photograph showing a general view and east (front) facade of the mansion. Original photograph at the Philadelphia Museum of Art - Strawberry Mansion, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

2. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING COKE MACHINE (CENTER), INTERMEDIATE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING COKE MACHINE (CENTER), INTERMEDIATE TIPPLE (RIGHT), AND OVENS - Shoaf Mine & Coke Works, East side of Shoaf, off Township Route 472, Shoaf, Fayette County, PA

6. GENERAL VIEW OF CUPOLA AND SECOND FLOOR OF PASSENGER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. GENERAL VIEW OF CUPOLA AND SECOND FLOOR OF PASSENGER CAR SHOP - Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Mount Clare Passenger Car Shop, Southwest corner of Pratt & Poppleton Streets, Baltimore, Independent City, MD

GENERAL 3/4 ELEVATION VIEW, LOOKING NORTHWEST, FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE SIDE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL 3/4 ELEVATION VIEW, LOOKING NORTHWEST, FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE SIDE OF RIVER. - Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge, Spanning Connecticut River between Cornish, NH, & Windsor, VT, Cornish City, Sullivan County, NH

1. Credit JTL General view looking upstream and towards New ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Credit JTL General view looking upstream and towards New Hampshire, unidentified 'crazy man' perched on top of arch. - Bellows Falls Arch Bridge, Spanning Connecticut River, North Walpole, Cheshire County, NH

West view, general; Station Building, covered ramp, and Street Car ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

West view, general; Station Building, covered ramp, and Street Car Waiting House - North Philadelphia Station, 2900 North Broad Street, on northwest corner of Broad Street & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

GENERAL VIEW OF ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL PLANT FROM THE WEST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL PLANT FROM THE WEST LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM ABOVE SR56 (STATE HIGHWAY) - Apollo Iron & Steel Works, West of Washington & Lincoln Avenues, Vandergrift, Westmoreland County, PA

6. William E. Barrett, Photographer, 1975. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING EAST. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. William E. Barrett, Photographer, 1975. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING EAST. SAWMILL ON RIGHT. SECONDARY WOODWORKING SHOPS ON LEFT PARTIALLY DEMOLISHED. - Meadow River Lumber Company, Highway 60, Rainelle, Greenbrier County, WV

50. EASTSIDE PLANT: GENERAL VIEW OF GENERATOR EXCITER AND CONTROL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

50. EASTSIDE PLANT: GENERAL VIEW OF GENERATOR EXCITER AND CONTROL MECHANISM - American Falls Water, Power & Light Company, Island Power Plant, Snake River, below American Falls Dam, American Falls, Power County, ID

52. EASTSIDE PLANT: GENERAL VIEW OF GOVERNOR ADJACENT TO GENERATOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

52. EASTSIDE PLANT: GENERAL VIEW OF GOVERNOR ADJACENT TO GENERATOR - American Falls Water, Power & Light Company, Island Power Plant, Snake River, below American Falls Dam, American Falls, Power County, ID

11. GENERAL VIEW FROM WEST BANK LOOKING NORTHEAST (negative reversed) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. GENERAL VIEW FROM WEST BANK LOOKING NORTHEAST (negative reversed) - American Falls Water, Power & Light Company, Island Power Plant, Snake River, below American Falls Dam, American Falls, Power County, ID

10. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING EAST SHOWING OPEN HEADRACE PLANKED OVER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING EAST SHOWING OPEN HEADRACE PLANKED OVER - American Falls Water, Power & Light Company, Island Power Plant, Snake River, below American Falls Dam, American Falls, Power County, ID

9. GENERAL VIEW OF ISLAND PLANT LOOKING NORTH (negative reversed) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. GENERAL VIEW OF ISLAND PLANT LOOKING NORTH (negative reversed) - American Falls Water, Power & Light Company, Island Power Plant, Snake River, below American Falls Dam, American Falls, Power County, ID

44. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING TOWARD THE NORTH (FRONT) ELEVATION FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

44. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING TOWARD THE NORTH (FRONT) ELEVATION FROM THE NORTH NORTHWEST (DUPLICATE OF HABS No. AL-424-25) - Arlington Place, 331 Cotton Avenue, Southwest, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL

2. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING RELATION OF BRIDGE TO THE TOPOGRAPHY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING RELATION OF BRIDGE TO THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE APPROACH ROAD. - Speicher Bridge, Church Road over Tulpehocken Creek between Penn & North Heidelberg Townships, Bernville, Berks County, PA

5. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING CULVERT. BUTTRESSING ON LEFT AND RIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING CULVERT. BUTTRESSING ON LEFT AND RIGHT WAS ADDED AT A LATER DATE. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Indian Creek Culvert, Reservoir & Quaker Bridge Roads, Crotonville, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

Markets and market forces for lumber

Treesearch

Matt Bumgardner; Steven Johnson; William Luppold; Frances Maplesden; Ed. Pepke

2014-01-01

Although lumber is ubiquitous on the international stage, not all lumber is similar or interchangeable in properties, applications, and in the production of potential downstream value-added or secondary wood products. As such, this chapter is divided into the three broadest generally recognized categories of lumber. Section 3.1 focuses on softwood lumber that is mainly...

40 CFR 94.7 - General standards and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to the emission standards of this part are equipped with a connection in the engine exhaust system that is located downstream of the engine and before any point at which the exhaust contacts water (or... be internally threaded with standard pipe threads of a size not larger than one-half inch, and shall...

33 CFR 222.2 - Acquisition of lands downstream from spillways for hydrologic safety purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ENGINEERING AND DESIGN § 222.2... that would prevail without the project. General hydrologic engineering considerations are as follows... property. (iii) Flood durations are a maximum of 3 hours in urban areas and 24 hours in agricultural areas...

33 CFR 222.2 - Acquisition of lands downstream from spillways for hydrologic safety purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ENGINEERING AND DESIGN § 222.2... that would prevail without the project. General hydrologic engineering considerations are as follows... property. (iii) Flood durations are a maximum of 3 hours in urban areas and 24 hours in agricultural areas...

33 CFR 222.2 - Acquisition of lands downstream from spillways for hydrologic safety purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ENGINEERING AND DESIGN § 222.2... that would prevail without the project. General hydrologic engineering considerations are as follows... property. (iii) Flood durations are a maximum of 3 hours in urban areas and 24 hours in agricultural areas...

Protection from erosion following wildfire

Treesearch

Peter R. Robichaud; William J. Elliot

2006-01-01

Erosion in the first year after a wildfire can be up to three orders of magnitude greater than the erosion from undisturbed forests. To mitigate potential postfire erosion, various erosion control treatments are applied on highly erodible areas with downstream resources in need of protection. Because postfire erosion rates generally decline by an order of magnitude for...

1. GENERAL VIEW OF THE LOWER END OF TWIN LAKES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF THE LOWER END OF TWIN LAKES SHOWING THE HISTORIC OUTLET WORKS AT THE EDGE OF THE WATER NEAR CENTER OF THE PHOTO WITH THE NEW TWIN LAKES DAM JUST BEHIND. VIEW LOOKING SOUTHEAST. - Twin Lakes Dam & Outlet Works, Beneath Twin Lakes Reservoir, T11S, R80W, S22, Twin Lakes, Lake County, CO

1. GENERAL VIEW OF EAST AND NORTH SIDES OF NORTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW OF EAST AND NORTH SIDES OF NORTH WING; NOTE PLYWOOD COVERED WINDOWS DUE TO EXPLOSION ON LAUNCH PAD A IN MARCH 1997 WITH FIERY RAIN OF SOLID ROCKET FUEL AND PROLONGED CONCUSSION WAVES; VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Cape Canaveral Air Station, Launch Complex 17, Facility 36001, East end of Lighthouse Road, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

Finite elements numerical codes as primary tool to improve beam optics in NIO1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baltador, C.; Cavenago, M.; Veltri, P.; Serianni, G.

2017-08-01

The RF negative ion source NIO1, built at Consorzio RFX in Padua (Italy), is aimed to investigate general issues on ion source physics in view of the full-size ITER injector MITICA as well as DEMO relevant solutions, like energy recovery and alternative neutralization systems, crucial for neutral beam injectors in future fusion experiments. NIO1 has been designed to produce 9 H-beamlets (in a 3x3 pattern) of 15mA each and 60keV, using a three electrodes system downstream the plasma source. At the moment the source is at its early operational stage and only operation at low power and low beam energy is possible. In particular, NIO1 presents a too strong set of SmCo co-extraction electron suppression magnets (CESM) in the extraction grid (EG) that will be replaced by a weaker set of Ferrite magnets. A completely new set of magnets will be also designed and mounted on the new EG that will be installed next year, replacing the present one. In this paper, the finite element code OPERA 3D is used to investigate the effects of the three sets of magnets on beamlet optics. A comparison of numerical results with measurements will be provided where possible.

Exploring the Role of Cell Wall-Related Genes and Polysaccharides during Plant Development.

PubMed

Tucker, Matthew R; Lou, Haoyu; Aubert, Matthew K; Wilkinson, Laura G; Little, Alan; Houston, Kelly; Pinto, Sara C; Shirley, Neil J

2018-05-31

The majority of organs in plants are not established until after germination, when pluripotent stem cells in the growing apices give rise to daughter cells that proliferate and subsequently differentiate into new tissues and organ primordia. This remarkable capacity is not only restricted to the meristem, since maturing cells in many organs can also rapidly alter their identity depending on the cues they receive. One general feature of plant cell differentiation is a change in cell wall composition at the cell surface. Historically, this has been viewed as a downstream response to primary cues controlling differentiation, but a closer inspection of the wall suggests that it may play a much more active role. Specific polymers within the wall can act as substrates for modifications that impact receptor binding, signal mobility, and cell flexibility. Therefore, far from being a static barrier, the cell wall and its constituent polysaccharides can dictate signal transmission and perception, and directly contribute to a cell's capacity to differentiate. In this review, we re-visit the role of plant cell wall-related genes and polysaccharides during various stages of development, with a particular focus on how changes in cell wall machinery accompany the exit of cells from the stem cell niche.

14. GENERAL OBLIQUE VIEW OF WEST CORNER OF SHED, OBSTRUCTED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. GENERAL OBLIQUE VIEW OF WEST CORNER OF SHED, OBSTRUCTED BY LATE METAL BUILDING, LOOKING EAST - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

17. GENERAL VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST TO SOUTHWEST, SHOWING RELATIONSHIP OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. GENERAL VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST TO SOUTHWEST, SHOWING RELATIONSHIP OF TRUSS TO COLUMNS AND BAYS - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

1. GENERAL VIEW from SOUTHEAST. Located northeast of main house, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW from SOUTHEAST. Located northeast of main house, and west of Slave Quarters No. 2 - Prospect Hill, Slave Quarters No. 4, Near Routes 613 & 607 intersection, Trevilians, Louisa County, VA

1. GENERAL VIEW FROM NORTHEAST. Located southeast of main house, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW FROM NORTHEAST. Located southeast of main house, and west of Slave Quarters No. 1. - Prospect Hill, Slave Quarters No. 2, Near Routes 613 & 607 intersection, Trevilians, Louisa County, VA

1. GENERAL VIEW FROM NORTHEAST. Located southeast of main house, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW FROM NORTHEAST. Located southeast of main house, and west of Slave Quarters No. 2. - Prospect Hill, Slave Quarters No. 3, Near Routes 613 & 607 intersection, Trevilians, Louisa County, VA

19. Photocopy of photograph Photographer unknown, ca. 1895 GENERAL VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Photocopy of photograph Photographer unknown, ca. 1895 GENERAL VIEW OF KEY WEST WITH FORT TAYLOR IN THE BACKGROUND LOOKING WEST SOUTHWEST - Fort Taylor, Whitehead Spit Vicinity, Key West, Monroe County, FL

11. GENERAL VIEW OF MEN'S BATH HALL. Hot Springs ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. GENERAL VIEW OF MEN'S BATH HALL. - Hot Springs National Park, Bathhouse Row, Fordyce Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems, State Highway 7, 1 mile north of U.S. Highway 70, Hot Springs, Garland County, AR

19. GENERAL VIEW OF EMPLOYEES' LOCKER ROOM AT NORTH END ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. GENERAL VIEW OF EMPLOYEES' LOCKER ROOM AT NORTH END OF LEVEL 3; LOOKING NORTHWEST - Rath Packing Company, Beef Killing Building, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

4. GENERAL VIEW OF AJAX MAGNETHERMIC HEAT TREATING LINE AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. GENERAL VIEW OF AJAX MAGNETHERMIC HEAT TREATING LINE AT THE HEAT TREATMENT PLANT OF THE DUQUESNE WORKS. - U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Heat Treatment Plant, Along Monongahela River, Duquesne, Allegheny County, PA

Dog Bridge, general view looking from the south (standing on ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Dog Bridge, general view looking from the south (standing on the access road) - National Park Seminary, Bounded by Capitol Beltway (I-495), Linden Lane, Woodstove Avenue, & Smith Drive, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

Dog Bridge, general view looking from the south (note tower ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Dog Bridge, general view looking from the south (note tower to east) - National Park Seminary, Bounded by Capitol Beltway (I-495), Linden Lane, Woodstove Avenue, & Smith Drive, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

26. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTH SHOWING THE STRUCTURAL PIERS AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTH SHOWING THE STRUCTURAL PIERS AND DRAFT CONE UNDER CONSTRUCTION. - Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant, Spanning Tennessee River at Wilson Dam Road (Route 133), Muscle Shoals, Colbert County, AL

General view of building in context showing row of residences ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of building in context showing row of residences on Canfield Avenue, facing northwest. - Albrook Air Force Station, Company Officer's Quarters, East side of Canfield Avenue, Balboa, Former Panama Canal Zone, CZ

General view looking northnortheast at antenna array OvertheHorizon Backscatter ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view looking north-northeast at antenna array - Over-the-Horizon Backscatter Radar Network, Moscow Radar Site Transmit Sector Two Antenna Array, At the end of Steam Road, Moscow, Somerset County, ME

General view looking northnortheast at antenna array OvertheHorizon Backscatter ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view looking north-northeast at antenna array - Over-the-Horizon Backscatter Radar Network, Moscow Radar Site Transmit Sector One Antenna Array, At the end of Steam Road, Moscow, Somerset County, ME

General view of Antenna Array, looking west OvertheHorizon Backscatter ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of Antenna Array, looking west - Over-the-Horizon Backscatter Radar Network, Tulelake Radar Site Receive Sector Six Antenna Array, Unnamed Road West of Double Head Road, Tulelake, Siskiyou County, CA

EVEN MORE INCLUSIVE GENERAL VIEW OF THE GARDEN, AND THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

EVEN MORE INCLUSIVE GENERAL VIEW OF THE GARDEN, AND THE DISTANT HOUSE AND OUTBUILDINGS, FROM THE BOTANIC GARDEN'S SOUTHEAST SIDE - John Bartram House & Garden, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Sculpture, general view looking to the seated lions, probably from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Sculpture, general view looking to the seated lions, probably from the American Bungalow - National Park Seminary, Bounded by Capitol Beltway (I-495), Linden Lane, Woodstove Avenue, & Smith Drive, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

2. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING SIMPSON CREEK BRIDGE WITH BRIDGEPORT LAMP ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING SIMPSON CREEK BRIDGE WITH BRIDGEPORT LAMP AND CHIMNEY COMPANY IN BACKGROUND. - Bridgeport Lamp Chimney Company, Simpson Creek Bridge, Spanning Simpson Creek, State Route 58 vicinity, Bridgeport, Harrison County, WV

GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTH TOWARDS THE OUTBUILDINGS. PATH IN FOREGROUND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTH TOWARDS THE OUTBUILDINGS. PATH IN FOREGROUND EXTENDS NORTHWESTERLY FROM THE SCHUYLKILL RIVER TO THE HOUSE - John Bartram House & Garden, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

1. General view looking east from the south side of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view looking east from the south side of the 300 block of West Washington Street - Washington Street Downtown Corridor, Washington Street between Alabama Street & Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, Marion County, IN

1. GENERAL VIEW. OVERHANG, PAINTED RED, HAS VERTICAL SIDING AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW. OVERHANG, PAINTED RED, HAS VERTICAL SIDING AND FADED PAINTINGS OF FARM ANIMALS: COW, DONKEYS AND HORSE. - De Turck House, Barn, State Route 662 vicinity, Oley Township, Oley, Berks County, PA

2. GENERAL 3/4 ELEVATION VIEW, LOOKING NORTHWEST, FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL 3/4 ELEVATION VIEW, LOOKING NORTHWEST, FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE SIDE OF RIVER - Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge, Spanning Connecticut River between Cornish, NH, & Windsor, VT, Cornish City, Sullivan County, NH

20. General east to west elevated view of Moody Bridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. General east to west elevated view of Moody Bridge placing it within and in relation to the surrounding rural environment. - Moody Bridge, Spanning South Fork Eel River, Garberville, Humboldt County, CA

2. GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW OF FISH HATCHERY BUILDING LOOKING NORTH; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW OF FISH HATCHERY BUILDING LOOKING NORTH; REINFORCED CONCRETE FISH PONDS IN FOREGROUND. - Bonneville Project, Fish Hatchery, On Columbia River bordered on South by Union Pacific, Bonneville, Multnomah County, OR

12. GENERAL VIEW OF EASTERN PORTION OF VIADUCT, SOUTH SIDE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. GENERAL VIEW OF EASTERN PORTION OF VIADUCT, SOUTH SIDE, SHOWING CROSSING FOR STORM DRAINAGE, LOOKING NORTH. - Grand Avenue Viaduct, U.S. Highway 20, Business & State Highway 12, Sioux City, Woodbury County, IA

General view of building in context showing row of residences ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of building in context showing row of residences adjacent to golf course, facing northeast. - Marine Barracks, Panama Canal, Officers' Quarters, 800' West of Bruja Road, Balboa, Former Panama Canal Zone, CZ

General view looking toward the roulette farm cluster from south ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view looking toward the roulette farm cluster from south to north; note the present-day field was an orchard at the time of the battle - Roulette Farm, House, Sharpsburg, Washington County, MD

GENERAL VIEW OF NORTH SAN GABRIEL RIVER BRIDGE, NORTH APPROACH, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF NORTH SAN GABRIEL RIVER BRIDGE, NORTH APPROACH, LOOKING SOUTH. - North San Gabriel River Bridge, Spanning North Fork of San Gabriel River at Business Route 35, Georgetown, Williamson County, TX

GENERAL VIEW OF NORTH SAN GABRIEL RIVER BRIDGE, NORTH ABUTMENT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF NORTH SAN GABRIEL RIVER BRIDGE, NORTH ABUTMENT, LOOKING NORTHWEST. - North San Gabriel River Bridge, Spanning North Fork of San Gabriel River at Business Route 35, Georgetown, Williamson County, TX

GENERAL VIEW OF NORTH SAN GABRIEL RIVER BRIDGE, EAST SIDE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF NORTH SAN GABRIEL RIVER BRIDGE, EAST SIDE, LOOKING SOUTHWEST. - North San Gabriel River Bridge, Spanning North Fork of San Gabriel River at Business Route 35, Georgetown, Williamson County, TX

1. GENERAL VIEW FROM THE SOUTH SHOWING INDUSTRIES BUILDING IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GENERAL VIEW FROM THE SOUTH SHOWING INDUSTRIES BUILDING IN THE BACKROUND AND RECREATION YARD ON THE RIGHT SIDE - Alcatraz, Industries Building, Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

1. FRAME BARN, GENERAL VIEW, SOUTHEAST (FRONT) ELEVATION, LOOKING NORTHWEST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. FRAME BARN, GENERAL VIEW, SOUTHEAST (FRONT) ELEVATION, LOOKING NORTHWEST - Williams Place, Frame Barn, SC secondary Road 113, 3/4 mile North of SC secondary Road 235, Glenn Springs, Spartanburg County, SC

2. General oblique view of north loading dock showing loading ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. General oblique view of north loading dock showing loading docks with doors opening into refrigerated rooms - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

19. General view showing garneting machine number eight on right, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. General view showing garneting machine number eight on right, and garneting machines numbers four through seven on left in background - Norfolk Manufacturing Company Cotton Mill, 90 Milton Street, Dedham, Norfolk County, MA

1. General view looking northeast showing (from left to right) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. General view looking northeast showing (from left to right) storage shed, keepers' dwelling, and tower with attached oil house. - Bodie Island Light Station, Off Highway 12, Nags Head, Dare County, NC

6. General view of Marquam Bridge, taken from southeast looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. General view of Marquam Bridge, taken from southeast looking northwest from Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI) courtyard. - Marquam Bridge, Spanning Willamette River at Interstate Highway 5, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

53. EASTSIDE PLANT: GENERAL VIEW OF GENERATOR, EXCITER, GOVERNOR, AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

53. EASTSIDE PLANT: GENERAL VIEW OF GENERATOR, EXCITER, GOVERNOR, AND CONTROL MECHANISM - American Falls Water, Power & Light Company, Island Power Plant, Snake River, below American Falls Dam, American Falls, Power County, ID

Geomorphic response of the North Fork Stillaguamish River to the State Route 530 landslide near Oso, Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Anderson, Scott W.; Keith, Mackenzie K.; Magirl, Christopher S.; Wallick, J. Rose; Mastin, Mark C.; Foreman, James R.

2017-08-03

On March 22, 2014, the State Route 530 Landslide near Oso, Washington mobilized 8 million cubic meters of unconsolidated Pleistocene material, creating a valley‑spanning deposit that fully impounded the North Fork Stillaguamish River. The river overtopped the 8-meter high debris impoundment within 25 hours and began steadily incising a new channel through the center of the deposit. Repeat topographic surveys, sediment transport measurements, bedload transport models, and observations of downstream channel change were used to document the establishment of that new channel through the landslide and assess the potential for downstream aggradation or channel change that might increase downstream flood hazards.Efficient erosion of the landslide deposit, associated with the steep knickzone formed by the downstream edge of the deposit, resulted in the re-establishment of a 20–40 meters wide, deeply inset channel through the entire deposit by May 2014, 2 months after the landslide. The mean water-surface elevation of the channel through the landslide decreased 7 meters during that 2-month period, and was about 1 meter above the pre-landslide profile in July 2014. The 2014–15 flood season, which included flows near the 0.5 annual exceedance probability discharge (2-year flood), widened the channel tens of meters, and further lowered the water-surface profile 0.5 meter. The planform position evolved slowly as a result of 5–20-meter high banks predominantly composed of clay-rich, cohesive lacustrine material. Erosion of the landslide deposit delivered a total of 820 thousand metric tons of sediment to the North Fork Stillaguamish River over the 18 months following the landslide. The sediment delivery from the deposit was predominantly fine grained: 77 percent (by mass) of the eroded material was silt or clay (less than 0.063 millimeter [mm]), 19 percent sand (0.063–2 mm), and 4 percent pebbles and cobbles (greater than 2 mm).Over the 18 months following the landslide, the bedload at a site 5 kilometers downstream of the landslide was estimated to be 310±65 thousand metric tons, and the suspended load at that same site was estimated to be 990±110 thousand metric tons. These loads represent the combined input from the landslide and ambient upstream sources; over the study interval, landslide sediment made up about 20–40 percent of the bedload, and 65–85 percent of the suspended-sediment load at this site. At a site 70 kilometers downstream of the landslide, near the mouth of the main‑stem Stillaguamish River, suspended sediment loads were estimated to be about 1,440 thousand metric tons, of which about 600 thousand metric tons, or 30 percent, likely was derived from the landslide. The mass of landslide sediment in suspension at the mouth of the river, and the timing of arrival of that sediment, indicates that about 70 percent of the landslide sediment eroded during the study period was quickly transported through the entire basin, exiting into Puget Sound within weeks of initial entrainment.Empirical bedload transport equations, in conjunction with surficial grain-size data and output from a one‑dimensional hydraulic model, were used to estimate spatial trends in bedload transport capacity, highlighting areas where reach-scale conditions would be most likely to promote deposition of coarse landslide sediment. Transport capacities decreased sharply over a reach about 5 kilometers downstream of the landslide and remained relatively low over the next 10 kilometers downstream. However, the magnitude of calculated transport capacities are large relative to the coarse sediment input from the landslide, suggesting that substantial deposition of landslide sediment was not likely to occur. These assessments were corroborated by observations of channel change, which indicated that the downstream channel response to the landslide was modest and short-lived. The most pronounced downstream effects included a wedge of aggradation just downstream of the landslide, about 1 meter high and extending a kilometer downstream, and a 0.3-meter pulse of aggradation observed 5 kilometers downstream of the landslide. In both locations, peak aggradation and channel response occurred within about a month of the landslide, and both sites had largely recovered to pre-landslide conditions by July 2014. No substantial channel change clearly linked to the landslide was observed after July 2014 except for a modest fining of surficial gravel size distributions and continued recovery and incision of the reach just downstream of the landslide.The muted downstream response of the North Fork Stillaguamish River to the State Route 530 Landslide primarily can be attributed to the cohesive, silt- and clay-rich material that bounded most of the new channel. Although the river efficiently incised a new channel through the deposit, subsequent rates of lateral erosion were slowed by the tall, cohesive banks, limiting the total volume of sediment delivery. Once entrained, however, most landslide material was rapidly transported downstream in suspension with little geomorphic effect. Landslide material coarse enough to travel as bedload was predominantly sand and fine gravel, and sediment transport models and observations of downstream change indicated that the rate of coarse sediment delivery from the landslide did not exceed the rivers ability to transport that material. The generally muted downstream response to sediment delivery from the State Route 530 Landslide, as well as the mechanics of that delivery and response, were generally consistent with observations made following the intentional removal of constructed dams.The rate and efficiency of erosion from the landslide decreased over the period of analysis, as the new channel approached a quasi-equilibrium form. In the absence of additional hillslope activity, rates of erosion from the landslide are likely to be small compared to those over the first 18 months after the landslide. The modest channel response to the highest rates of sediment delivery, and rapid recovery thereafter, indicate that the river should be able to convey the continued supply of landslide-derived sediment effectively with little effect on the downstream morphology and flood risks.

Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gray, John E.; Hines, Mark E.; Krabbenhoft, David P.; Thoms, Bryn

2012-01-01

Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was >1360t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg mine on an international scale. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, transport, and methylation of Hg downstream from a Hg mine in a coastal temperate climatic zone. Data shown here for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from this area. Stream sediment collected from Foster Creek flowing downstream from the Bonanza mine contained elevated Hg concentrations that ranged from 590 to 71,000ng/g, all of which (except the most distal sample) exceeded the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1060ng/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in stream sediment collected from Foster Creek varied from 11 to 62ng/g and were highly elevated compared to regional baseline concentrations (0.11-0.82ng/g) established in this study. Methyl-Hg concentrations in stream sediment collected in this study showed a significant correlation with total organic C (TOC, R2=0.62), generally indicating increased methyl-Hg formation with increasing TOC in sediment. Isotopic-tracer methods indicated that several samples of Foster Creek sediment exhibited high rates of Hg-methylation. Concentrations of Hg in water collected downstream from the mine varied from 17 to 270ng/L and were also elevated compared to baselines, but all were below the 770ng/L Hg standard recommended by the USEPA to protect against chronic effects to aquatic wildlife. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in the water collected from Foster Creek ranged from 0.17 to 1.8ng/L, which were elevated compared to regional baseline sites upstream and downstream from the mine that varied from <0.02 to 0.22ng/L. Aquatic snails collected downstream from the mine were elevated in Hg indicating significant bioavailability and uptake of Hg by these snails. Results for sediment and water indicated significant methyl-Hg formation in the ecosystem downstream from the Bonanza mine, which is enhanced by the temperate climate, high precipitation in the area, and high organic matter.

1. GENERAL VIEW AND FRONT (NORTH) ELEVATION OF PENNSYLVANIA FIRE ...

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1. GENERAL VIEW AND FRONT (NORTH) ELEVATION OF PENNSYLVANIA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, BEFORE DISMANTLING OF THE FACADE AND DEMOLITION OF THE BUILDING - Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company, 508-510 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

2. GENERAL VIEW OF BRIDGE FROM ROADBED WITH 4' RANGE ...

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2. GENERAL VIEW OF BRIDGE FROM ROADBED WITH 4' RANGE POLE NEAR NORTHWEST CORNER OF BRIDGE, LOOKING SOUTH - North Fork Bridge, Spans North Fork of White River at State Highway 5, Norfork, Baxter County, AR

6. GENERAL WIDE VIEW SHOWING EAST (SOUTHEAST) SIDE, LOOKING WEST ...

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6. GENERAL WIDE VIEW SHOWING EAST (SOUTHEAST) SIDE, LOOKING WEST ACROSS TURNING BASIN; FREIGHTER LOADING IN FOREGROUND - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

3. OBLIQUE GENERAL VIEW SHOWING EAST CORNER OF SHED, WITH ...

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3. OBLIQUE GENERAL VIEW SHOWING EAST CORNER OF SHED, WITH RAILROAD TRACKS PASSING UNDER DERRICK ALONG WHARF - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

5. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING ORIGINAL SETTING AT WHARFSIDE WITH CONTAINERIZED ...

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5. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING ORIGINAL SETTING AT WHARFSIDE WITH CONTAINERIZED FREIGHT LOADING EQUIPMENT AT PORT OF OAKLAND FACILITY - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

1. GENERAL VIEW, (the one with the woman at the ...

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1. GENERAL VIEW, (the one with the woman at the front door). Photocopy of December 1957 photo on file at Philadelphia Historical Commission - James Keen House, 946 South Front Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

3. GENERAL VIEW OF KEIM FARMHOUSE (at left of photo; ...

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3. GENERAL VIEW OF KEIM FARMHOUSE (at left of photo; the structure at right is the Keim Stone Cabin, HABS No. PA-1041). - Keim House, West of Lobachsville (Pike Township), Lobachsville, Berks County, PA

1. GENERAL VIEW TO THE WEST OF THE EMAD FACILITY ...

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1. GENERAL VIEW TO THE WEST OF THE E-MAD FACILITY AND THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENTAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL SETTING. - Nevada Test Site, Engine Maintenance Assembly & Disassembly Facility, Area 25, Jackass Flats, Mercury, Nye County, NV

1. General view looking southwest showing complex of agricultural outbuildings ...

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1. General view looking southwest showing complex of agricultural outbuildings located northeast of the main house. - Edgewood Farm, West side of State Route 600, .8 mile north of State Route 778, Clover, Halifax County, VA

3. General view looking northerly toward complex of agricultural outbuildings ...

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3. General view looking northerly toward complex of agricultural outbuildings located north of the main house. - Edgewood Farm, West side of State Route 600, .8 mile north of State Route 778, Clover, Halifax County, VA

1. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING FRONT EAST FACADE, FROM SOUTHEAST. Photo ...

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1. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING FRONT EAST FACADE, FROM SOUTHEAST. Photo supplied by the Florida Division of Archives, History and Records Management, Tallahasse, Florida. - Sulphur Springs Hotel, 8122 North Nebraska Avenue, Tampa, Hillsborough County, FL

11. General interior elevation viewed from midspan toward the northeast, ...

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11. General interior elevation viewed from midspan toward the northeast, showing the corrugated metal barriers on both sides and the asphalt deck. - Post Road Bridge, State Route 7-A, Havre de Grace, Harford County, MD

1. General view of west elevation of Chapel, built 192830 ...

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1. General view of west elevation of Chapel, built 1928-30 according to designs by ABMC Consulting Architect Paul P. Cret. - Flanders Field American Cemetery & Memorial, Chapel, Wortegemseweg 117, Waregem, West Flanders (Belgium), BEL

52. GENERAL INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING DOWN LENGTH OF POWERHOUSE #1 ...

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52. GENERAL INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING DOWN LENGTH OF POWERHOUSE #1 AT LEVEL -23; PASSAGEWAY IS KNOWN AS DRAFT TUBE GALLERY. - Bonneville Project, Powerhouse No.1, Spanning Bradford Slough, from Bradford Island, Bonneville, Multnomah County, OR

20. GENERAL VIEW OF CONSTRUCTION LOOKING NORTHEAST SHOWING THE CONSTRUCTION ...

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20. GENERAL VIEW OF CONSTRUCTION LOOKING NORTHEAST SHOWING THE CONSTRUCTION BRIDGE, GANTRY CRANE AND STRUCTURAL PIERS. - Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant, Spanning Tennessee River at Wilson Dam Road (Route 133), Muscle Shoals, Colbert County, AL

78. GUN RILL STATION (VIC. 210TH STREET) GENERAL VIEW SOUTH ...

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78. GUN RILL STATION (VIC. 210TH STREET) GENERAL VIEW SOUTH ON NORTHBOUND TRACK SHOWING SIGNAL & CONTROL. - Interborough Rapid Transit Company, Third Avenue Elevated Line, Borough of the Bronx, New York County, NY

General view of Antenna Array and building complex, looking northeast ...

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General view of Antenna Array and building complex, looking northeast - Over-the-Horizon Backscatter Radar Network, Tulelake Radar Site Receive Sector Six Antenna Array, Unnamed Road West of Double Head Road, Tulelake, Siskiyou County, CA