32 CFR 320.4 - Procedures for requesting information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.4 Procedures for... be informed whether or not any NGA system of records contains a record pertaining to him. (b) Any individual requesting such information in person may appear at NGA General Counsel Office (refer to the NGA...

32 CFR 320.4 - Procedures for requesting information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.4 Procedures for... be informed whether or not any NGA system of records contains a record pertaining to him. (b) Any individual requesting such information in person may appear at NGA General Counsel Office (refer to the NGA...

Academic research opportunities at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency(NGA)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loomer, Scott A.

2006-05-01

The vision of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is to "Know the Earth...Show the Way." To achieve this vision, the NGA provides geospatial intelligence in all its forms and from whatever source-imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial data and information-to ensure the knowledge foundation for planning, decision, and action. Academia plays a key role in the NGA research and development program through the NGA Academic Research Program. This multi-disciplinary program of basic research in geospatial intelligence topics provides grants and fellowships to the leading investigators, research universities, and colleges of the nation. This research provides the fundamental science support to NGA's applied and advanced research programs. The major components of the NGA Academic Research Program are: *NGA University Research Initiatives (NURI): Three-year basic research grants awarded competitively to the best investigators across the US academic community. Topics are selected to provide the scientific basis for advanced and applied research in NGA core disciplines. *Historically Black College and University - Minority Institution Research Initiatives (HBCU-MI): Two-year basic research grants awarded competitively to the best investigators at Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and Minority Institutions across the US academic community. *Intelligence Community Post-Doctoral Research Fellowships: Fellowships providing access to advanced research in science and technology applicable to the intelligence community's mission. The program provides a pool of researchers to support future intelligence community needs and develops long-term relationships with researchers as they move into career positions. This paper provides information about the NGA Academic Research Program, the projects it supports and how researchers and institutions can apply for grants under the program. In addition, other opportunities for academia to engage with NGA through training programs and recruitment are discussed.

Time-dependent progression from the acute to chronic phases in atopic dermatitis induced by epicutaneous allergen stimulation in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Ji-Yun; Jeong, Mi Sook; Park, Mi Kyung; Lee, Mi-Kyung; Seo, Seong Jun

2014-01-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complicated skin condition influenced by genetic background and environmental factors. In this study, we applied Dermatophagoides farinae body extract (DfE) to the barrier-disrupted skin of NC/Nga mice twice a week for 8 weeks to identify the clinical and immunological factors in AD progression. Repeated application of the DfE to the skin of NC/Nga mice showed the similar consequences for the natural course of progression in human AD, histologically and immunologically. We confirmed that the AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice did not last for the whole period of our experiment in spite of repeated topical applications of DfE twice a week. Topical DfE stimulation increased the skin mRNA expressions of Th1-, Th2- and Th17-related cytokines in the acute phase. The expression patterns of IL-4 and IL-13 in splenic T cells and skin lesions were consistent with the time course alterations of clinical features of AD-like skin symptoms. We also showed that there was a remission phase either just before or right after the chronic phase in this experimental model. Interestingly, splenic T-cell-derived IL-5 expression began to increase in the chronic phase, while skin-derived IL-5 mRNA expression increased in the acute phase. In conclusion, our results suggest that we should pay attention to the characteristics of each stage of AD progression and choose a suitable corresponding stage of animal model not only to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD but also to develop and evaluate therapeutic drugs for AD. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

NGA-West2 Flatfiles and GMPE Reports Now Available! | PEER News

Science.gov Websites

equations (GMPEs) and other research studies supporting GMPE development, along with the NGA-West2 Database NGA-West2 database "flatfiles" used in various research components of NGA-West2 have also database for download have been incorporated into an updated version of the online user-friendly PEER

Use of Tc-99m-galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (Tc-NGA) to determine hepatic blood flow

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stadalnik, R.C.; Vera, D.R.; Woodle, E.S.

1984-01-01

Tc-NGA is a new liver radiopharmaceutical which binds to a hepatocyte-specific membrane receptor. Three characteristics of Tc-NGA can be exploited in the measurement of hepatic blood flow (HBF): 1) ability to alter the affinity of Tc-NGA for its receptor by changing the galactose: albumin ratio; 2) ability to achieve a high specific activity with Tc-99m labeling; and 3) ability to administer a high molar dose of Tc-NGA without physiologic side effects. In addition, kinetic modeling of Tc-NGA dynamic data can provide estimates of hepatic receptor concentration. In experimental studies in young pigs, HBF was determined using two techniques: 1) kineticmore » modeling of dynamic data using moderate affinity, low specific activity Tc-NGA (Group A, n=12); and 2) clearance (CL) technique using high affinity, high specific activity Tc-NGA (Group B, n=4). In both groups, HBF was determined simultaneously by continuous infusion of indocyanine green (CI-ICG) with hepatic vein sampling. Regression analysis of HBF measurements obtained with the Tc-NGA kinetic modeling technique and the CI-ICG technique (Group A) revealed good correlation between the two techniques (r=0.802, p=0.02). Similarly, HBF determination by the clearance technique (Group B) provided highly accurate measurements when compared to the CI-ICG technique. Hepatic blood flow measurements by the clearance technique (CL-NGA) fell within one standard deviation of the error associated with each CI-ICG HBF measurement (all CI-ICG standard deviations were less than 10%).« less

Deep ultraviolet photodetectors based on p-Si/ i-SiC/ n-Ga2O3 heterojunction by inserting thin SiC barrier layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, Yuehua; Zhi, Yusong; Wu, Zhenping; Cui, Wei; Zhao, Xiaolong; Guo, Daoyou; Li, Peigang; Tang, Weihua

2016-12-01

Deep ultraviolet photodetectors based on p-Si/ n-Ga2O3 and p-Si/ i-SiC/ n-Ga2O3 heterojunctions were fabricated by laser molecular beam epitaxial (L-MBE), respectively. In compare with p-Si/ n-Ga2O3 heterostructure-based photodetector, the dark current of p-Si/ i-SiC/ n-Ga2O3-based photodetector decreased by three orders of magnitude, and the rectifying behavior was tuned from reverse to forward. In order to improve the quality of the photodetector, we reduced the oxygen vacancies of p-Si/ i-SiC/ n-Ga2O3 heterostructures by changing the oxygen pressure during annealing. As a result, the rectification ratio ( I F/ I R) of the fabricated photodetectors was 36 at 4.5 V and the photosensitivity was 5.4 × 105% under the 254 nm light illumination at -4.5 V. The energy band structure of p-Si/ n-Ga2O3 and p-Si/ i-SiC/ n-Ga2O3 heterostructures was schematic drawn to explain the physic mechanism of enhancement of the performance of p-Si/ i-SiC/ n-Ga2O3 heterostructure-based deep UV photodetector by introduction of SiC layer.

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission - New Products in 2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2007-01-01

In February 2000, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) successfully collected Interferometric C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar data over 80 percent of the Earth's land surface, for most of the area between 60?N and 56?S latitude. NASA and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), formerly known as the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), co-sponsored the mission. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) performed preliminary processing of SRTM data and forwarded partially finished data directly to NGA for finishing by NGA contractors and subsequent monthly deliveries to the NGA Digital Products Data Warehouse (DPDW). All data products delivered by the contractors conform to NGA SRTM Data Products and NGA Digital Terrain Elevation Data? (DTED?) specifications. The DPDW ingests the SRTM data products, checks them for formatting errors, loads the public SRTM DTED? into the NGA data distribution system, and ships them to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS). In addition to NGA's SRTM DTED? format, USGS EROS has reformatted the data into a non-proprietary, generic raster binary SRTM format that is readable by most remote sensing software packages. The SRTM format is also publicly available from USGS EROS.

OVERVIEW OF THE SDSS-IV MaNGA SURVEY: MAPPING NEARBY GALAXIES AT APACHE POINT OBSERVATORY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bundy, Kevin; Bershady, Matthew A.; Wake, David A.

2015-01-01

We present an overview of a new integral field spectroscopic survey called MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory), one of three core programs in the fourth-generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) that began on 2014 July 1. MaNGA will investigate the internal kinematic structure and composition of gas and stars in an unprecedented sample of 10,000 nearby galaxies. We summarize essential characteristics of the instrument and survey design in the context of MaNGA's key science goals and present prototype observations to demonstrate MaNGA's scientific potential. MaNGA employs dithered observations with 17 fiber-bundle integral field units that vary inmore » diameter from 12'' (19 fibers) to 32'' (127 fibers). Two dual-channel spectrographs provide simultaneous wavelength coverage over 3600-10300 Å at R ∼ 2000. With a typical integration time of 3 hr, MaNGA reaches a target r-band signal-to-noise ratio of 4-8 (Å{sup –1} per 2'' fiber) at 23 AB mag arcsec{sup –2}, which is typical for the outskirts of MaNGA galaxies. Targets are selected with M {sub *} ≳ 10{sup 9} M {sub ☉} using SDSS-I redshifts and i-band luminosity to achieve uniform radial coverage in terms of the effective radius, an approximately flat distribution in stellar mass, and a sample spanning a wide range of environments. Analysis of our prototype observations demonstrates MaNGA's ability to probe gas ionization, shed light on recent star formation and quenching, enable dynamical modeling, decompose constituent components, and map the composition of stellar populations. MaNGA's spatially resolved spectra will enable an unprecedented study of the astrophysics of nearby galaxies in the coming 6 yr.« less

Engage States on Energy Assurance and Energy Security

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kara Colton; John Ratliff; Sue Gander

2008-09-30

The NGA Center's 'Engaging States on Energy Security and Energy Assurance' has been successful in achieving the stated project purposes and objectives both in the initial proposal as well as in subsequent revisions to it. Our activities, which involve the NGA Center for Best Practices (The NGA Center) Homeland Security and Technology Division, included conducting tabletop exercises to help federal and state homeland security and energy officials determine roles and actions for various emergency scenarios. This included efforts to education state official on developing an energy assurance plan, harmonizing approaches to controlling price volatility, implementing reliability standards, understanding short andmore » long-term energy outlooks and fuel diversification, and capitalizing on DOE's research and development activities. Regarding our work on energy efficiency and renewable energy, the NGA Center's Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Division hosted three workshops which engaged states on the clean energy and alternative transportation fuel and also produced several reports on related topics. In addition, we convened 18 meetings, via conference call, of the Energy Working Group. Finally, through the NGA Center's Front and Center newsletter articles, the NGA Center disseminated promising practices to a wide audience of state policymakers. The NGA Center also hosted a number of workshops and web conferences designed to directly engage states on the deliverables under this Cooperative Agreement. Through the NGA Center's written products and newsletter articles, the NGA Center was able to disseminate promising practices to a wide audience of state policymakers.« less

Visit to NGA Headquarter on September 11, 2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-04

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: On Friday, September 11, 2015, Professor Jerry Dobson and Graduate Research Assistant Taylor Tappan visited NGA ...distribution is unlimited. Visit to NGA Headquarter on September 11, 2015 The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the...66044 -7552 ABSTRACT Visit to NGA Headquarter on September 11, 2015 Report Title On Friday, September 11, 2015, Professor Jerry Dobson and Graduate

Tc-NGA imaging in liver transplantation: preliminary clinical experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woodle, E.S.; Ward, R.E.; Stadalnik, R.C.

1989-03-01

Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (Tc-NGA) is a new liver imaging agent that binds to hepatic-binding protein, a hepatocyte-specific membrane receptor. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Tc-NGA imaging in clinical liver transplantation. A total of 25 studies were performed in nine patients. Imaging studies performed in the early posttransplant period in patients with good hepatic allograft function revealed diffuse patchiness in tracer distribution, a manifestation of preservation damage. Left lobar infarction was demonstrated within a few hours of ischemic injury. Right posterior segmental infarction was seen in another patient. Comparison of kinetic, clinical, and biochemical data revealedmore » good correlation between hepatic allograft function and Tc-NGA kinetics. Major kinetic alterations were noted during periods of preservation injury, hepatic infarction, and acute rejection. These studies indicate: (1) major alterations in Tc-NGA kinetics occur during preservation injury, hepatic infarction, and acute rejection, and (2) Tc-NGA kinetic data appear to provide an accurate reflection of hepatic allograft function. Tc-NGA imaging has the advantages of being noninvasive and of utilizing standard nuclear medicine instrumentation, including portable imaging devices. In conclusion, Tc-NGA imaging provides a promising noninvasive approach for evaluation of liver function in patients undergoing hepatic transplantation.« less

Correlating The Star Formation Histories Of MaNGA Galaxies With Their Past AGN Activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzalez Ortiz, Andrea

2017-01-01

We investigate active galactic nuclei (AGN) as a primary mechanism affecting star formation in MaNGA galaxies. Using the Pipe3D code, we modeled the stellar population from MaNGA spectra and derived the star formation histories of 53 AGN host galaxies. We seek to compare the star formation histories of the host galaxies of AGN with the ages of their radio lobes to better understand the role of AGN feedback in the star formation histories of MaNGA galaxies. MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO) is one of the three core programs in the fourth generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS). MaNGA will investigate the internal kinematics of nearly 10,000 local galaxies through dithered observations using fiber integral field units (IFUs) that vary in diameter from 12" (19 fibers) to 32" (127 fibers). In this poster, we present initial results on the star formation histories of MaNGA AGN host galaxies. This work was supported by the SDSS Research Experience for Undergraduates program, which is funded by a grant from Sloan Foundation to the Astrophysical Research Consortium.

Ground Motion Prediction Model Using Artificial Neural Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dhanya, J.; Raghukanth, S. T. G.

2018-03-01

This article focuses on developing a ground motion prediction equation based on artificial neural network (ANN) technique for shallow crustal earthquakes. A hybrid technique combining genetic algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt technique is used for training the model. The present model is developed to predict peak ground velocity, and 5% damped spectral acceleration. The input parameters for the prediction are moment magnitude ( M w), closest distance to rupture plane ( R rup), shear wave velocity in the region ( V s30) and focal mechanism ( F). A total of 13,552 ground motion records from 288 earthquakes provided by the updated NGA-West2 database released by Pacific Engineering Research Center are utilized to develop the model. The ANN architecture considered for the model consists of 192 unknowns including weights and biases of all the interconnected nodes. The performance of the model is observed to be within the prescribed error limits. In addition, the results from the study are found to be comparable with the existing relations in the global database. The developed model is further demonstrated by estimating site-specific response spectra for Shimla city located in Himalayan region.

The Leaves of Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold Inhibit Atopic Dermatitis-Like Response on Mite Allergen-Treated Nc/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Lee, Hoyoung; Ha, Hyekyung; Lee, Jun Kyoung; Park, Sang-Joon; Jeong, Seung-Ii; Shin, Hyeun Kyoo

2014-09-01

Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold. (B. kazinoki) has long been used in the manufacture of paper in Asian countries. Although B. kazinoki leaves (BK) have been employed in dermatological therapy, use of BK has not been tested in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Using Nc/Nga mice, which are genetically predisposed to develop AD-like skin lesions, we confirmed the efficacy of BK in AD treatment. BK extract was applied topically to Dermatophagoides farinae-induced AD-like lesions in Nc/Nga mice, and the effects were assessed both clinically and by measuring skin thickness on the back and ears. We measured the effects of BK extract on plasma levels of IgE and IL-4. We also measured the ability of BK extract to inhibit the secretion of hTARC in HaCaT cells after stimulation by TNF-α and IFN-γ. We found that BK extract significantly reduced ear and dorsal skin thickness and the clinical signs of AD, as well as significantly down-regulating the plasma levels of IgE and IL-4 (p<0.01 for each comparison). Moreover, 500 μg/mL of BK extract inhibited hTARC secretion in HaCaT cells by activated TNF-α/IFN-γ by about 87%. These findings suggest that topical application of BK extract has excellent potential in the treatment of AD.

Estimating unknown input parameters when implementing the NGA ground-motion prediction equations in engineering practice

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kaklamanos, James; Baise, Laurie G.; Boore, David M.

2011-01-01

The ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed as part of the Next Generation Attenuation of Ground Motions (NGA-West) project in 2008 are becoming widely used in seismic hazard analyses. However, these new models are considerably more complicated than previous GMPEs, and they require several more input parameters. When employing the NGA models, users routinely face situations in which some of the required input parameters are unknown. In this paper, we present a framework for estimating the unknown source, path, and site parameters when implementing the NGA models in engineering practice, and we derive geometrically-based equations relating the three distance measures found in the NGA models. Our intent is for the content of this paper not only to make the NGA models more accessible, but also to help with the implementation of other present or future GMPEs.

Tc-99m-galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (Tc-NGA) liver imaging: Potential application in liver transplantation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woodle, E.S.; Vera, D.R.; Ward, R.E.

1984-01-01

Tc-NGA is a hepatocyte receptor-specific imaging agent whose uptake by the liver has been shown to be dependent upon blood flow and receptor concentration. The combination of anatomic and physiologic information obtained with Tc-NGA may provide a new tool for studying hepatic function in liver transplant recipients. To evaluate the potential role of Tc-NGA in liver transplant recipients, studies were performed in four groups of pigs: controls (n=18); common bile duct (CBD) ligation (n=8); orthotopic liver transplant (n=9); and acute hepatic artery ligation (n=1). Serial studies performed in two animals with CBD ligation demonstrated normal imaging anatomy with minor changesmore » in the hepatic time-activity curves when compared to control studies. Studies in liver-transplanted animals showed significant changes in the hepatic time-activity curves during acute rejection and in preservation-related ischemic injury. Tc-NGA also demonstrated focal areas of hepatic infarction in a hepatic allograft within 24 hours of transplantation. The hepatic artery ligation study showed massive changes in the hepatic time-activity curve within two hours after ligation, with a diffuse decrease in hepatic activity. These results indicate that: (1) extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction causes only minor changes in Tc-NGA uptake; (2) Tc-NGA uptake by the liver is very sensitive to acute hepatic ischemia; (3) Tc-NGA may indicate the presence of preservation damage in the early postoperative period; and (4) Tc-NGA hepatic time-activity curves demonstrate significant changes during acute rejection.« less

78 FR 31522 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-24

... and disseminate employee information to facilitate a variety of NGA's mission-related duties... variety of NGA's mission-related duties, including activities related to administrative matters, account... domestic and international counterterrorism. Without the system, NGA would not be able to perform...

45 CFR 2553.71 - What is the process for application and award of a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... will be documented by a Notice of Grant Award (NGA). (2) The Corporation and the sponsoring organization are parties to the NGA. The NGA will document the sponsor's commitment to fulfill specific...

Synthesis and biological evaluation of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA as a novel hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging agent.

PubMed

Yang, Wenjiang; Mou, Tiantian; Zhang, Xianzhong; Wang, Xuebin

2010-01-01

A novel bifunctional coupling agents-biomolecular compound DMP-NGA was prepared by coupling the SATP with galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NGA). The DMP-NGA was labeled with technetium-99m, and the radiochemical purity in excess of 98% after purified with HPLC. In vivo biodistribution showed that (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA had very high initial liver uptake with good retention. The liver accumulated 99.35+/-9.77%, 74.25+/-3.03%, 52.47+/-7.58% of the injected dose per gram at 5, 30 and 120min after injection, respectively. It had relative higher initial liver uptake and much lower blood uptake than that of (99m)Tc-GSA. The liver/blood ratio reached 83.4 at 30min post-injection, while the ratio of liver/kidney was 14.4. The uptakes in other organs in the abdomen were also slightly low. In addition, the hepatic uptake of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA was blocked by preinjecting free GSA as blocking agent. The result indicates that (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA has specific binding to ASGP receptor. Images acquired with Kodak In-Vivo Imaging System FX Pro showed significant difference before and after inhibition. The promising biological properties of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA afford potential applications in liver receptor imaging for assessment of hepatocyte function.

78 FR 43181 - Proposed collection; comment request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-19

... and guidance, and to assist with investigations into possible violations of NGA rules and regulations, including the possible loss or compromise of classified or protected NGA information. Affected Public... Information Collection Respondents are NGA employees, military and contractor personnel who provide personal...

77 FR 37004 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

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2012-06-20

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78 FR 43868 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-22

... notice altering a Privacy Act System of Records notice (NGA-013, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) Inspector General Investigative and Complaint Files). Subsequent to the publication of that... omission. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), ATTN: Security...

32 CFR 320.12 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.12 Exemptions. (a) Exempt systems of record. All systems of records maintained by the NGA and its components shall be exempt from the requirements... the investigation or prosecutable interest by the NGA or other agencies. This could seriously...

Molecular epidemiology of nga and NAD glycohydrolase/ADP-ribosyltransferase activity among Streptococcus pyogenes causing streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

PubMed

Stevens, D L; Salmi, D B; McIndoo, E R; Bryant, A E

2000-10-01

Severe invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections emerged in the late 1980s, yet no single virulence factor has been common to all isolates from infected patients. A strong association was recently found between isolates of such cases (regardless of M type) and the production of NAD glycohydrolase (NADase). Of interest, all M-1 strains isolated after 1988 were positive for NADase, whereas virtually all M-1 GAS were previously negative for NADase. Genetic analysis demonstrated that GAS isolates were >96% identical in nga and >99% identical in their upstream regulatory sequences. Furthermore, because NADase-negative strains did not produce immunoreactive NADase, we concluded that additional regulatory element(s) control NADase production. NADase purified from GAS altered neutrophil-directed migration and chemiluminescence responses and had potent ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. In summary, the temporal relationship of NADase expression, alone or with other streptococcal virulence factors, may contribute to the pathogenesis of invasive GAS infections.

32 CFR 320.5 - Disclosure of requested information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.5 Disclosure of... nonexempt NGA system of records. However, nothing in this section shall allow an individual access to any information compiled by NGA in reasonable anticipation of a civil or criminal action or proceeding. (b...

32 CFR 320.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.1 Purpose and scope. (a) This part is published... whether the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) maintains or has disclosed a record pertaining..., Headquarters NGA has determined to be exempt from the procedures established by this regulation and from...

32 CFR 320.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.1 Purpose and scope. (a) This part is published... whether the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) maintains or has disclosed a record pertaining..., Headquarters NGA has determined to be exempt from the procedures established by this regulation and from...

32 CFR 320.5 - Disclosure of requested information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.5 Disclosure of... nonexempt NGA system of records. However, nothing in this section shall allow an individual access to any information compiled by NGA in reasonable anticipation of a civil or criminal action or proceeding. (b...

NGA West 2 | Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center

Science.gov Websites

, multi-year research program to improve Next Generation Attenuation models for active tectonic regions earthquake engineering, including modeling of directivity and directionality; verification of NGA-West models epistemic uncertainty; and evaluation of soil amplification factors in NGA models versus NEHRP site factors

32 CFR 320.12 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.12 Exemptions. Link to an amendment published... NGA and its components shall be exempt from the requirements of 5 U.S.C. 552a(d) pursuant to 5 U.S.C... or prosecutable interest by the NGA or other agencies. This could seriously compromise case...

Nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel as both a sulfur host and an effective interlayer for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sui, Zhu-Yin; Yang, Quan-Sheng; Zhou, Hang-Yu; Li, Xin; Sun, Ya-Nan; Xiao, Pei-Wen; Wei, Zhi-Xiang; Han, Bao-Hang

2017-12-01

Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted great concern because of the high theoretical capacity of sulfur (1675 mA h g-1). However, the poor electrical conductivity and volumetric expansion of sulfur along with the dissolution of lithium polysulfides largely limit their practical application. In this study, nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel (NGA) with high nitrogen content and porosity is used as a host for the impregnation of sulfur. The effects of sulfur impregnation on the specific surface area, pore volume, and microstructure of NGA supported sulfur composite (S@NGA) are well investigated. Furthermore, NGA is also processed into a NGA film, which is sandwiched between a separator and S@NGA cathode. The lithium-sulfur battery with such a configuration delivers a high reversible capacity of 1514 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate performance (822 mA h g-1 at 2.0 C), and good cycling stability (946 mA h g-1 at 0.5 C even after 100 cycles). The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the introduction of the NGA interlayer, the unique interconnected porous structure, and strong interaction between the three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene network and the homogeneously dispersed sulfur and/or lithium polysulfides.

Nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel as both a sulfur host and an effective interlayer for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

PubMed

Sui, Zhu-Yin; Yang, Quan-Sheng; Zhou, Hang-Yu; Li, Xin; Sun, Ya-Nan; Xiao, Pei-Wen; Wei, Zhi-Xiang; Han, Bao-Hang

2017-12-08

Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted great concern because of the high theoretical capacity of sulfur (1675 mA h g -1 ). However, the poor electrical conductivity and volumetric expansion of sulfur along with the dissolution of lithium polysulfides largely limit their practical application. In this study, nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel (NGA) with high nitrogen content and porosity is used as a host for the impregnation of sulfur. The effects of sulfur impregnation on the specific surface area, pore volume, and microstructure of NGA supported sulfur composite (S@NGA) are well investigated. Furthermore, NGA is also processed into a NGA film, which is sandwiched between a separator and S@NGA cathode. The lithium-sulfur battery with such a configuration delivers a high reversible capacity of 1514 mA h g -1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate performance (822 mA h g -1 at 2.0 C), and good cycling stability (946 mA h g -1 at 0.5 C even after 100 cycles). The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the introduction of the NGA interlayer, the unique interconnected porous structure, and strong interaction between the three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene network and the homogeneously dispersed sulfur and/or lithium polysulfides.

78 FR 38712 - Questar Pipeline Company; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... of the Commission's regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA). Questar seeks authorization to... Commission's Regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) a protest to the request. If no protest is filed... authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The Commission strongly encourages electronic filings of...

76 FR 45253 - Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

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2011-07-28

... regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) for authorization to increase the maximum allowable operating... staff may, pursuant to section 157.205 of the Commission's regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205... request shall be treated as an application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The...

75 FR 73065 - Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-29

.... CP11-22-000, an application pursuant to section 3 of the Natural Gas Act (NGA), to amend its authorization under NGA section 3 and Presidential Permits to allow it to import and export natural gas from the... NGA be amended to authorize Tennessee to operate bi- directionally two existing international border...

78 FR 24192 - Texas Eastern Transmission, LP; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-24

... regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA). Texas Eastern seeks authorization to perform [[Page 24193... to section 157.205 of the Commission's Regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) a protest to the... as an application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The Commission strongly...

Dietary apigenin attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Yano, Satomi; Umeda, Daisuke; Yamashita, Shuya; Yamada, Koji; Tachibana, Hirofumi

2009-11-01

One of the flavones, apigenin has various physiological functions including anti-inflammatory activities. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory disorder that is characterized by pruritic and eczematous skin lesions. To evaluate the anti-allergic effect of apigenin in vivo, we examined the effect of dietary apigenin on picrylchloride (PiCl)-induced AD-like pathology in NC/Nga mice. NC/Nga mice were fed experimental diets containing apigenin from Day 18 after sensitized with PiCl for 4 weeks. Dietary apigenin significantly alleviated the development of skin lesions, accompanied by lower serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE levels in NC/Nga mice. Interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA expression level in spleen cells from NC/Nga mice was reduced by apigenin feeding. Moreover, interleukin 4-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 phosphorylation in primary spleen cells from BALB/c mice was inhibited by treatment with apigenin. These results suggest that apigenin attenuates exacerbation of AD-like symptoms in part through the reduction of serum IgE level and IFN-gamma expression in NC/Nga mice.

Induction of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome-like skin lesions by repeated topical application of a crude extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kang, Jong Soon; Lee, Kiho; Han, Sang-Bae; Ahn, Ji-Mi; Lee, Hyunju; Han, Mi Hwa; Yoon, Yeo Dae; Yoon, Won Kee; Park, Song-Kyu; Kim, Hwan Mook

2006-10-01

Mite antigen has been considered to play important roles in the development of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). In the present study, we attempted to induce an AEDS-like skin lesion in mice using Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus crude extract (DPE) as an antigen and performed pathophysiological evaluations. Ears of mice were tape-stripped and DPE was painted 3 times a week. Eczematous skin lesion and ear swelling were apparent in NC/Nga mice treated with DPE after 2 weeks, whereas neither skin lesion nor ear swelling were observed in BALB/c mice even after 30 days. Histological evaluation demonstrated that edema, epidermal hyperplasia and the accumulation of inflammatory cells were apparent in the ears of DPE-treated NC/Nga mice. In contrast to skin lesion and ear swelling, total serum IgE levels were increased in both NC/Nga and BALB/c mice. Treatment with DPE also increased auricular lymph node weight in both NC/Nga mice and BALB/c mice. To further characterize, we analyzed cytokine mRNA expression in ears and lymph nodes of DPE-treated NC/Nga mice. Increased expression of IL-4 and TNF-alpha mRNA was observed in both ears and lymph nodes of NC/Nga mice treated with DPE. Additionally, there was no change in the responsiveness of BALB/c mice to DPE treatment by adaptive transfer of serum from DPE-treated NC/Nga mice to BALB/c mice. Taken together, our results indicate that eczematous skin lesion and ear swelling caused by repeated application of DPE in NC/Nga mice has a Th2-dominant background and that inflammation is involved in this process. The animal model of AEDS established in this report may be used to investigate the pathogenesis of AEDS and evaluate the potential therapeutic agents for AEDS.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Wei

Background: Silicosis is a systemic disease caused by inhaling silicon dioxide (SiO{sub 2}); early stages are characterized by alveolar inflammation, and later stages are characterized by progressive lung fibrosis. Mounting evidence indicates that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Whether neogambogic acid (NGA) inhibits macrophage and fibroblast activation induced by SiO{sub 2} by targeting HMGB1 remains unclear. Methods and results: Experiments using cultured mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) demonstrated that SiO{sub 2} treatment induces the expression of HMGB1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway; in turn,more » this expression causes macrophage apoptosis and fibroblast activation. Pretreating macrophages with NGA inhibited the HMGB1 expression induced by SiO{sub 2} and attenuated both macrophage apoptosis and fibroblast activation. Moreover, NGA directly inhibited MCP-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) expression, as well as markers of fibroblast activation and migration induced by SiO{sub 2}. Furthermore, the effects of NGA on macrophages and fibroblasts were confirmed in vivo by exposing mice to SiO{sub 2}. Conclusion: NGA can prevent SiO{sub 2}-induced macrophage activation and apoptosis via HMGB1 inhibition and SiO{sub 2}-induced fibrosis via the MCPIP1 pathway. Targeting HMGB1 and MCPIP1 with NGA could provide insights into the potential development of a therapeutic approach for alleviating the inflammation and fibrosis induced by SiO{sub 2}. - Highlights: • The SiO{sub 2} induced HMGB1 in alveolar macrophage and MCPIP1 in fibroblast. • NGA rescued the SiO{sub 2}-induced apoptosis of alveolar macrophages via HMGB1 signaling. • NGA inhibited the fibroblast activation induced by SiO{sub 2} via MCPIP1 signaling. • NGA might represent a potential therapeutic approach for silicosis.« less

Nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel-supported spinel CoMn2O4 nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yisi; Li, Jie; Li, Wenzhang; Li, Yaomin; Chen, Qiyuan; Zhan, Faqi

2015-12-01

Spinel CoMn2O4 (CMO) nanoparticles grown on three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen-doped graphene areogel (NGA) is prepared by a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The NGA not only possesses the intrinsic property of graphene, but also has abundant pore conformations for supporting spinel metal oxide nanoparticles, thus would be suitable as a good electrocatalysts' support for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The structure, morphology, porous properties, and chemical composition of CMO/NGA are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrocatalytic activity of catalysts is discussed by cyclic voltammograms (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The CMO/NGA hybrid exhibits more positive onset potential and half-wave potential, faster charge transfer than that of CMO and NGA, and its electrocatalytic performance is comparable with the commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C. Furthermore, it mainly favors a direct 4e- reaction pathway, and has excellent ethanol tolerance and high durability, which is attributed to the unique 3D crumpled porous nanostructure of NGA with large specific area and fast electron transport, and the synergic covalent coupling between the CoMn2O4 nanoparticles and NGA.

32 CFR 320.7 - Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320... after receipt of a request to amend a record, in whole or in part, the NGA Office of General Counsel, or NGA office having responsibility for maintenance of the record in question, shall correct any portion...

78 FR 34093 - WBI Energy Transmission; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-06

... Gas Act (NGA), and WBI's blanket certificate issued in Docket No. CP82-487-000, to abandon natural gas... section 157.205 of the Commission's Regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the... as an application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish to comment...

78 FR 37218 - Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company, L.L.C.; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-20

... Commission's (Commission) regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA), and Tennessee's blanket certificate... Commission's staff may, pursuant to section 157.205 of the Commission's Regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157... instant request shall be treated as an application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA...

32 CFR 320.7 - Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320... after receipt of a request to amend a record, in whole or in part, the NGA Office of General Counsel, or NGA office having responsibility for maintenance of the record in question, shall correct any portion...

78 FR 2394 - Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-11

... under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) for authorization to abandon and relocate a compressor from its Adaline... Commission's regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed... authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The Commission strongly encourages electronic filings of...

75 FR 55324 - Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

... regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) for authorization to abandon: (1) The Weaver Storage Well No. 9297... NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed within the time allowed... section 7 of the NGA. The Commission strongly encourages electronic filings of comments, protests, and...

77 FR 48150 - Transwestern Pipeline Company, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-13

... regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) for authorization to install piping modifications at its Gallup... regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed within the... pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The Commission strongly encourages electronic filings of comments...

78 FR 26772 - Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-08

... under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) for authorization to replace approximately 6.07 miles of bare, coupled... to section 157.205 of the Commission's regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to... treated as an application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The Commission strongly...

78 FR 16497 - Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-15

... the Commission's regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA), seeking authorization to abandon and... NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed within the time allowed... section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish to comment only on the environmental review of this project should...

75 FR 61480 - Gulf South Pipeline Company, LP; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

... Commission's regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) for authorization to drill construct an additional... the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed within the time allowed... section 7 of the NGA. The Commission strongly encourages electronic filings of comments, protests, and...

75 FR 33298 - Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-11

...'s regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) and Columbia's authorization in Docket No. CP83-76-000... 157.205 of the Commission's Regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) (18 CFR 157.205) file a... shall be treated as an application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The Commission...

76 FR 44903 - Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-27

... 157.216 of the Commission's regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA). Transco seeks authorization... of intervention and, pursuant to section 157.205 of the Commission's Regulations under the NGA (18... instant request shall be treated as an application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The...

76 FR 31326 - Gulf LNG Pipeline, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-31

... the Commission's Regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA), as amended, for authority to construct... to section 157.205 of the regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205), a protest to the request. If no... application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. Dated: May 24, 2011. Kimberly D. Bose...

NGA/ACT Pilot Project: Increasing Course Rigor. Final Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ACT, Inc., 2008

2008-01-01

The Increasing Course Rigor Pilot Project, a joint initiative of the National Governors Association (NGA) Center for Best Practices and ACT, Inc., is one component of Phase Two of the NGA Center for Best Practices Honor States Grant Program. The project, which began in winter 2006 and concluded in summer 2007, was designed to improve the quality…

A hypothetical mechanism of intraepidermal neurite formation in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis.

PubMed

Tominaga, Mitsutoshi; Ozawa, Sumiko; Ogawa, Hideoki; Takamori, Kenji

2007-06-01

Pruritus is a symptom in atopic dermatitis (AD). Previous studies have reported that increased intraepidermal neurites are observed in AD, suggesting that the neuritogenesis is related to itching in the skin. This study was conducted to reveal the mechanism of intraepidermal neurite formation in AD. In this study, we used conventional (Conv) NC/Nga mice with AD. NC/Nga mice maintained in specific pathogen-free (SPF) condition were used as a control with no AD. Distribution of intraepidermal neurites and expression patterns of growth factors (NGF and amphiregulin (AR)) and cell-cell junctional molecules (E-cadherin, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and desmoglein 3 (Dsg3)) were examined in the skins by immunohistochemistry or quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, detection of gelatinase activity was performed with in situ zymography. The same experiments were conducted in ICR mice for comparison with NC/Nga mice. Neurite density and expression levels of growth factors and gelatinase were remarkably increased in the epidermis of Conv-NC/Nga mice compared with those of SPF-NC/Nga mice. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 and misexpression of Dsg3 were also observed in the atopic skins. In comparison with ICR mice, increases of neurite density and gelatinase activity were found in the skins of SPF-NC/Nga mice but expression levels of growth factors and cell-cell junctional molecules were unchanged. Increases of growth factors and gelatinase activity may be related to neurite outgrowth in the epidermis of atopic NC/Nga mice. Additionally, abnormal expressions of cell-cell junctional molecules in the epidermis may provide intercellular spaces for the neurite formation.

SDSS IV MaNGA: Discovery of an Hα Blob Associated with a Dry Galaxy Pair—Ejected Gas or a “Dark” Galaxy Candidate?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Lihwai; Lin, Jing-Hua; Hsu, Chin-Hao; Fu, Hai; Huang, Song; Sánchez, Sebastián F.; Gwyn, Stephen; Gelfand, Joseph D.; Cheung, Edmond; Masters, Karen; Peirani, Sébastien; Rujopakarn, Wiphu; Stark, David V.; Belfiore, Francesco; Bothwell, M. S.; Bundy, Kevin; Hagen, Alex; Hao, Lei; Huang, Shan; Law, David; Li, Cheng; Lintott, Chris; Maiolino, Roberto; Roman-Lopes, Alexandre; Wang, Wei-Hao; Xiao, Ting; Yuan, Fangting; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Malanushenko, Elena; Drory, Niv; Fernández-Trincado, J. G.; Pace, Zach; Pan, Kaike; Thomas, Daniel

2017-03-01

We report the discovery of a mysterious giant Hα blob that is ˜8 kpc away from the main MaNGA target 1-24145, one component of a dry galaxy merger, and has been identified in the first-year SDSS-IV MaNGA data. The size of the Hα blob is ˜3-4 kpc in radius, and the Hα distribution is centrally concentrated. However, there is no optical continuum counterpart in the deep broadband images reaching ˜26.9 mag arcsec-2 in surface brightness. We estimate that the masses of the ionized and cold gases are 3.3× {10}5 {M}⊙ and < 1.3× {10}9 {M}⊙ , respectively. The emission-line ratios indicate that the Hα blob is photoionized by a combination of massive young stars and AGNs. Furthermore, the ionization line ratio decreases from MaNGA 1-24145 to the Hα blob, suggesting that the primary ionizing source may come from MaNGA 1-24145, likely a low-activity AGN. Possible explanations for this Hα blob include the AGN outflow, the gas remnant being tidally or ram-pressure stripped from MaNGA 1-24145, or an extremely low surface brightness galaxy. However, the stripping scenario is less favored according to galaxy merger simulations and the morphology of the Hα blob. With the current data, we cannot distinguish whether this Hα blob is ejected gas due to a past AGN outburst, or a special category of “ultra-diffuse galaxy” interacting with MaNGA 1-24145 that further induces the gas inflow to fuel the AGN in MaNGA 1-24145.

NGA-West 2 GMPE average site coefficients for use in earthquake-resistant design

USGS Publications Warehouse

Borcherdt, Roger D.

2015-01-01

Site coefficients corresponding to those in tables 11.4–1 and 11.4–2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures published by the American Society of Civil Engineers (Standard ASCE/SEI 7-10) are derived from four of the Next Generation Attenuation West2 (NGA-W2) Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs). The resulting coefficients are compared with those derived by other researchers and those derived from the NGA-West1 database. The derivation of the NGA-W2 average site coefficients provides a simple procedure to update site coefficients with each update in the Maximum Considered Earthquake Response MCER maps. The simple procedure yields average site coefficients consistent with those derived for site-specific design purposes. The NGA-W2 GMPEs provide simple scale factors to reduce conservatism in current simplified design procedures.

77 FR 11530 - Port Barre Investments, L.L.C. (d/b/a Bobcat Gas Storage); Notice of Request Under Blanket...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

... Commission's regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA), for authorization to increase the certificated... the Natural Gas Act (NGA) (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed... authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. The Commission strongly encourages electronic filings of...

32 CFR 320.9 - Disclosure of record to person other than the individual to whom it pertains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA... officer or employee of NGA will disclose any record which is contained in a system of records, by any...; Appendix C to part 310 of this chapter; and/or a NGA Privacy Act system of records notice. (b) Any such...

76 FR 44902 - Gulf South Pipeline Company, LP; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-27

... Commission's Regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) as amended, to replace approximately 3.97 miles of... intervention and pursuant to section 157.205 of the regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205), a protest to... shall be treated as an application for authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish...

78 FR 938 - Dominion Transmission, Inc.; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-07

... regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA), and Dominion's blanket certificate issued in Docket No. CP82-537... NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed within the time allowed... section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish to comment only on the environmental review of this project should...

77 FR 23243 - CenterPoint Energy Gas Transmission Company, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-18

... Energy Regulatory Commission's regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA), and CEGT's blanket... Commission's Regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed... authorization pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish to comment only on the environmental review of...

32 CFR 320.8 - Appeal of initial adverse agency determination on correction or amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.8 Appeal of initial adverse agency determination on correction or amendment. (a) An... notification of denial to amend, an individual may file an appeal of such decision with NGA. The appeal shall be in writing, mailed or delivered to NGA, ATTN: Mail Stop D-10, 4600 Sangamore Road, Bethesda, MD...

78 FR 38712 - Ryckman Creek Resources, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... Natural Gas Act (NGA) as amended, to re-enter and re-complete a former oil production well for use as a... the regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205), a protest to the request. If no protest is filed... application for authorization pursuant to Section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish to comment only on the...

77 FR 36532 - Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-19

....216(b) of the Commission's Regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) as amended, (1) to relocate a... intervention and pursuant to Section 157.205 of the regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205), a protest to... shall be treated as an application for authorization pursuant to Section 7 of the NGA. Dated: June 13...

32 CFR 320.9 - Disclosure of record to person other than the individual to whom it pertains.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA... officer or employee of NGA will disclose any record which is contained in a system of records, by any...; appendix C to part 310 of this chapter; and/or a NGA Privacy Act system of records notice. (b) Any such...

77 FR 69449 - Gulf South Pipeline Company, LP; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-19

... of the Commission's Regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) as amended, to construct certain... to Section 157.205 of the regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205), a protest to the request. If no... shall be treated as an application for authorization pursuant to Section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish...

32 CFR 320.8 - Appeal of initial adverse agency determination on correction or amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.8 Appeal of initial adverse agency determination on correction or amendment. (a) An... notification of denial to amend, an individual may file an appeal of such decision with NGA. The appeal shall be in writing, mailed or delivered to NGA, ATTN: Mail Stop D-10, 4600 Sangamore Road, Bethesda, MD...

78 FR 19700 - Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-02

... Regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) as amended, to abandon and construct certain natural gas pipeline... to Section 157.205 of the regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205), a protest to the request. If no... application for authorization pursuant to Section 7 of the NGA. Dated: March 26, 2013. Kimberly D. Bose...

Oral administration of Uncariae rhynchophylla inhibits the development of DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions via IFN-gamma down-regulation in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Dong-Young; Jung, Jung-A; Kim, Tae-Ho; Seo, Sang-Wan; Jung, Sung-Ki; Park, Cheung-Seog

2009-04-21

Uncariae rhynchophylla (UR) is an herb which has blood pressure lowering and anti-inflammatory effects and has been prescribed traditionally to treat stroke and vascular dementia. In the present study, we examined whether UR suppress Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice treated with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) under SPF conditions. The effect of UR in DNFB- treated NC/Nga mice was determined by measuring the skin symptom severity, levels of serum IgE, and of the amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma secreted by activated T cells in draining lymph nodes. Oral administration of UR to DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice was found to inhibit ear thickness increases and the skin lesions induced by DNFB. IFN-gamma production by CD4+ T cells from the lymph nodes of DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice was significantly inhibited by UR treatment, although levels of IL-4 and total IgE in serum were not. UR may suppress the development of AD-like dermatitis in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice by reducing IFN-gamma production.

Melatonin inhibits the development of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Tae-Ho; Jung, Jung-A; Kim, Gun-Dong; Jang, An-Hee; Ahn, Hyun-Jong; Park, Yong Seek; Park, Cheung-Seog

2009-11-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease in children, and epicutaneous treatment with a chemical hapten such as 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) evokes an AD-like reaction in NC/Nga mice under specific pathogen-free conditions. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is synthesized by the pineal gland, has several different physiologic functions, which include seasonal reproduction control, immune system modulation, free radical scavenging, and inflammatory suppression. In the present study, we investigated whether melatonin suppresses DNFB-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. The topical administration of melatonin to DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice was found to inhibit ear thickness increases and the skin lesions induced by DNFB. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion by activated CD4(+) T cells from the draining lymph nodes of DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice were significantly inhibited by melatonin, and total IgE levels in serum were reduced. Our findings suggest that melatonin suppresses the development of AD-like dermatitis in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice by reducing total IgE in serum, and IL-4 and IFN-gamma production by activated CD4(+) T cells.

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Academic Research Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loomer, S. A.

2004-12-01

"Know the Earth.Show the Way." In fulfillment of its vision, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) provides geospatial intelligence in all its forms and from whatever source-imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial data and information-to ensure the knowledge foundation for planning, decision, and action. To achieve this, NGA conducts a multi-disciplinary program of basic research in geospatial intelligence topics through grants and fellowships to the leading investigators, research universities, and colleges of the nation. This research provides the fundamental science support to NGA's applied and advanced research programs. The major components of the NGA Academic Research Program (NARP) are: - NGA University Research Initiatives (NURI): Three-year basic research grants awarded competitively to the best investigators across the US academic community. Topics are selected to provide the scientific basis for advanced and applied research in NGA core disciplines. - Historically Black College and University - Minority Institution Research Initiatives (HBCU-MI): Two-year basic research grants awarded competitively to the best investigators at Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and Minority Institutions across the US academic community. - Director of Central Intelligence Post-Doctoral Research Fellowships: Fellowships providing access to advanced research in science and technology applicable to the intelligence community's mission. The program provides a pool of researchers to support future intelligence community needs and develops long-term relationships with researchers as they move into career positions. This paper provides information about the NGA Academic Research Program, the projects it supports and how other researchers and institutions can apply for grants under the program.

Significant upregulation of cytokine secretion from T helper type 9 and 17 cells in a NC/Nga mouse model of ambient chemical exposure-induced respiratory allergy.

PubMed

Nishino, Risako; Fukuyama, Tomoki; Watanabe, Yuko; Kurosawa, Yoshimi; Kosaka, Tadashi; Harada, Takanori

2016-01-01

It has been reported that ambient chemical exposure is closely associated with respiratory allergies. We attempted to develop an original protocol for detecting ambient chemical exposure-induced respiratory allergy in different strains of mice. In the process of comparing allergic potency of these mice, we observed that NC/Nga mice showed significant upregulation of respiratory allergic symptoms as well as specific type of cytokine secretions. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying these phenomena in NC/Nga mice in comparison with BALB/c mice. For the model of respiratory allergy, female BALB/c and NC/Nga mice were sensitized and challenged with trimellitic anhydride. Clinical observation, IgE and immunocyte counts, and cytokine profile in the serum, lymph nodes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were recorded. We also monitored the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. We found that worsening of respiratory status was noted only in NC/Nga mice, whereas Th2 reactions were significantly increased in BALB/c mice compared with NC/Nga mice. In contrast, the levels of Th9 and Th17-derived cytokines in NC/Nga mice were significantly higher than those in BALB/c mice. Thus, Th9 and Th17 may be involved in the aggravation of respiratory allergic symptoms induced by ambient chemicals. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

45 CFR 2553.109 - What happens if a sponsor fails to meet the performance measures included in the Notice of Grant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... performance measures included in the Notice of Grant Award (NGA)? 2553.109 Section 2553.109 Public Welfare... meet the performance measures included in the Notice of Grant Award (NGA)? If a sponsor fails to meet a target performance measure established in the NGA, the Corporation will negotiate a period of no more...

45 CFR 2553.109 - What happens if a sponsor fails to meet the performance measures included in the Notice of Grant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... performance measures included in the Notice of Grant Award (NGA)? 2553.109 Section 2553.109 Public Welfare... meet the performance measures included in the Notice of Grant Award (NGA)? If a sponsor fails to meet a target performance measure established in the NGA, the Corporation will negotiate a period of no more...

78 FR 2991 - Southern Natural Gas Company, L.L.C.; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-15

... of the Commission's Regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) as amended, to relocate one of its... to Section 157.205 of the regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205), a protest to the request. If no... application for authorization pursuant to Section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish to comment only on the...

78 FR 11867 - CenterPoint Energy Gas Transmission Company, LLC; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-20

... Act (NGA), and CenterPoint's blanket certificate authorized in Docket Nos. CP82-384-000 and CP82-384... Regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) file a protest to the request. If no protest is filed within the... pursuant to section 7 of the NGA. Persons who wish to comment only on the environmental review of this...

76 FR 4651 - Venice Gathering System, L.L.C.; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-26

...) of the Commission's Regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA) as amended, to abandon in place an... intervene or notice of intervention and pursuant to Section 157.205 of the regulations under the NGA (18 CFR... to Section 7 of the NGA. Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary. [FR Doc. 2011-1568 Filed 1-25-11; 8:45 am...

Influencing the Future of Higher Education. Proceedings of the Closing Plenary Session of NGA's Annual Meeting (93rd, Providence, Rhode Island, August 7, 2001).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Governors' Association, Washington, DC.

In August 2001, the National Governors Association (NGA) convened "Influencing the Future of Higher Education," the plenary session of the 2001 NGA Annual Meeting. Governor Parris Glendening of Maryland opened the plenary with remarks about the importance of postsecondary education to the economic and civil prosperity of the states and…

Tc-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin: in vitro characterization of receptor-mediated binding

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vera, D.R.; Krohn, K.A.; Stadalnik, R.C.

1984-07-01

Hepatic binding protein (HBP) is a membrane receptor that binds and transports plasma glycoproteins from hepatic blood to hepatocellular lysosomes. A characterization is made of the in vitro binding of Tc-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (Tc-NGA), a synthetic HBP ligand, to liver membrane. Structural modifications of NGA resulted in the alteration of the equilibrium constant, KA, and the forward-binding rate constant, kb. Binding was second-order; the relative amount of membrane-bound NGA depended on the initial concentrations of ligand and membrane. Membrane displacement studies, using carrier ligands in contrast to previously bound Tc-NGA or I-NGA, correlated with the binding characteristics of a native HBPmore » ligand, asialo-orosomucoid. Computer simulation was used to study the detectability of the changes in HBP concentration at different values of kb. The simulations indicated that radiopharmacokinetic sensitivity to alterations in (HBP) should be possible using a neoglycoalbumin preparation with a carbohydrate density within the range of 15 to 25 galactose units per albumin molecule.« less

Cold Gas in Quenched Dwarf Galaxies using HI-MaNGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonilla, Alaina

2017-01-01

MaNGA (Mapping of Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory) is a 6-year Sloan Digital Sky Survey fourth generation (SDSS-IV) project that will obtain integral field spectroscopy of a catalogue of 10,000 nearby galaxies. In this study, we explore the properties of the passive dwarf galaxy sample presented in Penny et al. 2016, making use of MaNGA IFU (Integral Field Unit) data to plot gas emission, stellar velocity, and flux maps. In addition, HI-MaNGA, a legacy radio-survey of MaNGA, collects single dish HI data retrieved from the GBT (Green Bank Telescope), which we use to study the the 21cm emission lines present in HI detections. Studying the HI content of passive dwarves will help us reveal the processes that are preventing star formation, such as possible AGN feedback. This work was supported by the SDSS Research Experience for Undergraduates program, which is funded by a grant from the Sloan Foundation to the Astrophysical Research Consortium.

Comparison of ground motions from hybrid simulations to nga prediction equations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Star, L.M.; Stewart, J.P.; Graves, R.W.

2011-01-01

We compare simulated motions for a Mw 7.8 rupture scenario on the San Andreas Fault known as the ShakeOut event, two permutations with different hypocenter locations, and a Mw 7.15 Puente Hills blind thrust scenario, to median and dispersion predictions from empirical NGA ground motion prediction equations. We find the simulated motions attenuate faster with distance than is predicted by the NGA models for periods less than about 5.0 s After removing this distance attenuation bias, the average residuals of the simulated events (i.e., event terms) are generally within the scatter of empirical event terms, although the ShakeOut simulation appears to be a high static stress drop event. The intraevent dispersion in the simulations is lower than NGA values at short periods and abruptly increases at 1.0 s due to different simulation procedures at short and long periods. The simulated motions have a depth-dependent basin response similar to the NGA models, and also show complex effects in which stronger basin response occurs when the fault rupture transmits energy into a basin at low angle, which is not predicted by the NGA models. Rupture directivity effects are found to scale with the isochrone parameter ?? 2011, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.

Differences in the intracellular processing of the radiolabel following the uptake of iodine-125- and technetium-99m-neogalactosyl albumin by the isolated perfused rat liver

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gore, S.; Morris, A.I.; Gilmore, I.T.

1991-03-01

Neogalactosyl albumin (NGA) is a synthetic ligand to the asialoglycoprotein receptor (hepatic binding protein), which has been proposed as a useful receptor binding radiopharmaceutical for the noninvasive assessment of liver function. We have compared the uptake and intracellular processing of iodine-125- (125I) and technetium-99m- ({sup 99m}Tc) NGA following its administration as a 1-min pulse (147 pmol) to the isolated perfused rat liver. Approximately 40% of a pulse of either {sup 125}I- or {sup 99m}Tc-NGA were taken up first pass by the liver. Of the {sup 125}I taken up by the liver, 82% was released after 15-20 min at the sinusoidalmore » pole of the hepatocyte, predominantly as small molecular weight metabolites. A further 8% of the {sup 125}I-associated radioactivity was secreted as intact NGA into bile by the non-lysosomal (direct) pathway while 6% remained in the liver 1 hr after the pulse. In contrast, of the {sup 99m}Tc taken up by the liver, only 4% reappeared in the perfusate while 40% was secreted into bile by the lysosomal (indirect) pathway and 55% remained in the liver 1 hr after the pulse. Since labeled metabolites of {sup 99m}Tc-NGA do not appear in plasma, this permits kinetic modeling with {sup 99m}Tc-NGA without correction for labeled metabolites. Thus, {sup 99m}Tc-NGA is an excellent candidate as a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical.« less

Low expression of a Ddm7/Ldm7-hybrid mutant (D/Ldm7) in the novel haplotype H-2nc identified in atopic dermatitis model NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Ohkusu-Tsukada, Kozo; Yamashita, Tadashi; Tsukada, Teruyo; Takahashi, Kimimasa

2017-12-22

Environmental factors and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, MHC type (H2 haplotype) of AD model mice NC/Nga is poorly understood. Alloreactive CD8 + or CD4 + T cells in NC/Nga strongly responded to each antigen-presenting cells (A/J: H-2 a , C57BL/6: H-2 b , BALB/c: H-2 d , or C3H/HeJ: H-2 k ), suggesting that NC/Nga has other H2 haplotype. Polymorphic microsatellite (CA) n repeats in TNF-α gene differ based on the H2 haplotype at present. NC/Nga's (CA) n repeats (n = 19) were different from other examined strains, A/J (n = 14), BALB/c (n = 14), C3H/HeJ (n = 16), and C57BL/6 (n = 20). Using flow cytometry and genotyping, we demonstrated the NC/Nga H2 haplotype had a unique phenotype (K d , I-A k , and I-E k ) in which D d and L d lacked as protein despite sensitive mRNA detection. The loss of D d and L d was caused by forming a unique D dm7 /L dm7 -hybrid mutant (D/L dm7 ). We propose to call this novel H2 haplotype the "H-2 nc ," and provide the important information regarding the AD research using NC/Nga mice.

MaNGA: Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weijmans, A.-M.; MaNGA Team

2016-10-01

MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO) is a galaxy integral-field spectroscopic survey within the fourth generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV). It will be mapping the composition and kinematics of gas and stars in 10,000 nearby galaxies, using 17 differently sized fiber bundles. MaNGA's goal is to provide new insights in galaxy formation and evolution, and to deliver a local benchmark for current and future high-redshift studies.

Itch-associated scratching contributes to the development of dermatitis and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Hashimoto, Yuki; Takaoka, Akiko; Sugimoto, Masanori; Honma, Yusuke; Sakurai, Takanobu; Futaki, Nobuko; Arai, Iwao

2011-10-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is related to immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, and a type-1 and type-2 helper T cell (Th1/Th2) imbalance has been hypothesized as the aetiology. While itching and scratching are important factors in the development of dermatitis, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between scratching, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), signs of dermatitis and serum Ig levels in NC/Nga mice, a model of AD. We also sensitized specific pathogen-free (SPF)-NC/Nga mice and BALB/c mice to mite antigen to determine the effects of IgE overproduction on scratching and investigated the involvement of mast cells and T/B cells in the induction of scratching using WBB6F1-W/W(v) mice and C.B.17/Icr-scid mice. Under conventional conditions, the scratch counts increased, followed by increases in TEWL and the inflammation score in NC/Nga mice that were not kept under SPF conditions. However, no change was observed in scratching, TEWL, or signs of dermatitis in mite antigen-sensitized SPF-NC/Nga and BALB/c mice, although the serum total IgE, IgG(1) and IgG(2a) levels increased. The scratch count increased significantly in both the WBB6F1-W/W(v) mice and C.B.17/Icr-scid mice when they were co-housed with skin-lesioned NC/Nga mice, raised under conventional conditions. These results show that IgE overproduction results from itch-associated scratching-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (Tc-NGA) liver imaging: Application in liver transplantation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woodle, E.S.; Ward, R.E.; Vera, D.R.

1985-05-01

Tc-NGA is a new liver imaging agent which binds to hepatic binding protein (HBP), a hepatocyte-specific membrane receptor. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential role of Tc-NGA imaging in liver transplantation. The molar Tc-NGA dose was standardized according to patient weight (0.7 nmole/kg). After a 30 minute dynamic imaging study (5 mCi, IV), kinetic analysis of time activity data (heart, liver), provided values for receptor concentration, (HBP), and hepatic blood flow, Q. Eleven Tc-NGA imaging studies were performed in transplant candidates and 22 studies were performed in seven transplant recipients. Preservation damage was manifested bymore » diffuse patchiness in tracer distribution which resolved during the following two weeks. Histologically proven, localized hepatic infarcts were demonstrated in three recipients. Lobar infarction was demonstrated in one recipient. Hepatic regeneration was later demonstrated in this patient after hepatic lobectomy. Hepatic blood flow was markedly decreased in the early postoperative period, but improved with time. Increased (HBP) was demonstrated with regeneration. Markedly decreased (HBP) and Q were obtained in several candidates who died awaiting transplantation. These studies indicate that TC-NGA liver imaging provides a valuable new means for: (1) evaluation of preservation damage, (2) early demonstration of hepatic infarction, (3) evaluation of hepatic rejection, and (4) selection of patients for hepatic transplantation.« less

32 CFR 320.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.1 Purpose and scope. (a) This part is published... whether the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) maintains or has disclosed a record pertaining...

32 CFR 320.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

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32 CFR 320.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

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32 CFR 320.11 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

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2013-07-01

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32 CFR 320.10 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.10 Fees. Individuals may request copies for retention of any documents to which they are granted access to NGA records pertaining to them. Requesters will not...

32 CFR 320.11 - Penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.11 Penalties. The Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C... similar penalties for violations by NGA employees of the Act or regulations established thereunder. ...

Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO: The MaNGA IFU Galaxy Survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Law, David R.; MaNGA Team

2014-01-01

MaNGA is a new survey that will begin in August 2014 as part of SDSS-IV with the aim of obtaining integral-field spectroscopy for an unprecedented sample of 10,000 nearby galaxies. MaNGA's key goals are to understand the "life cycle" of present day galaxies from imprinted clues of their birth and assembly, through their ongoing growth via star formation and merging, to their death from quenching at late times. To achieve these goals, MaNGA will channel the impressive capabilities of the SDSS-III BOSS spectrographs in a fundamentally new direction by marshaling the unique power of 2D spectroscopy. MaNGA will deploy 17 pluggable Integral Field Units (IFUs) made by grouping fibers into hexagonal bundles ranging from 19 to 127 fibers each. The spectra obtained by MaNGA will cover the wavelength range 3600-10,000 Angstroms (with a velocity resolution of ~ 60 km/s) and will characterize the internal composition and the dynamical state of a sample of 10,000 galaxies with stellar masses greater than 10^9 Msun and an average redshift of z ~ 0.03. Such IFU observations enable a leap forward because they provide an added dimension to the information available for each galaxy. MaNGA will provide two-dimensional maps of stellar velocity and velocity dispersion, mean stellar age and star formation history, stellar metallicity, element abundance ratio, stellar mass surface density, ionized gas velocity, ionized gas metallicity, star formation rate, and dust extinction for a statistically powerful sample. This legacy dataset will address urgent questions in our understanding of galaxy formation, including 1) The formation history of galaxy subcomponents, including the disk, bulge, and dark matter halo, 2) The nature of present-day galaxy growth via merging and gas accretion, and 3) The processes responsible for terminating star formation in galaxies. Finally, MaNGA will also play a vital role in the coming era of advanced IFU instrumentation, serving as the low-z anchor for interpreting IFU observations of galaxies at z = 2-4.

32 CFR 320.6 - Request for correction or amendment to record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.6 Request... writing with the NGA Office of General Counsel for amendment. Such requests shall specify the particular...

18 CFR 284.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... pipeline means an interstate natural gas pipeline that holds a certificate under section 7 of the NGA... facilities that fall within the scope of the Commission's jurisdiction under section 7 of the NGA to the full...

18 CFR 284.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... pipeline means an interstate natural gas pipeline that holds a certificate under section 7 of the NGA... facilities that fall within the scope of the Commission's jurisdiction under section 7 of the NGA to the full...

32 CFR 320.6 - Request for correction or amendment to record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.6 Request... writing with the NGA Office of General Counsel for amendment. Such requests shall specify the particular...

18 CFR 284.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... pipeline means an interstate natural gas pipeline that holds a certificate under section 7 of the NGA... facilities that fall within the scope of the Commission's jurisdiction under section 7 of the NGA to the full...

18 CFR 284.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... pipeline means an interstate natural gas pipeline that holds a certificate under section 7 of the NGA... facilities that fall within the scope of the Commission's jurisdiction under section 7 of the NGA to the full...

18 CFR 284.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... pipeline means an interstate natural gas pipeline that holds a certificate under section 7 of the NGA... facilities that fall within the scope of the Commission's jurisdiction under section 7 of the NGA to the full...

2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity response in NC/Nga mice fed fructo-oligosaccharide.

PubMed

Fujiwara, Reiko; Sasajima, Naho; Takemura, Naoki; Ozawa, Keisuke; Nagasaka, Yuki; Okubo, Takuma; Sahasakul, Yuraporn; Watanabe, Jun; Sonoyama, Kei

2010-01-01

Strategies to manipulate gut microbiota in infancy have been considered to prevent the development of allergic diseases later in life. We previously demonstrated that maternal dietary supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) during pregnancy and lactation modulated the composition of gut microbiota and diminished the severity of spontaneously developing atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in the offspring of NC/Nga mice. The present study tested whether dietary FOS affects contact hypersensitivity (CHS), another model for allergic skin disease, in NC/Nga mice. In experiment 1, 5-wk-old female NC/Nga mice were fed diets either with or without FOS supplementation for 3 wk and then received 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on the ear auricle 5 times at 7-d intervals. FOS supplementation reduced CHS response as demonstrated by ear swelling. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that mRNA levels for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p40, and IL-17 in the lesional ear skin were significantly lower in mice fed FOS. In experiment 2, female NC/Nga mice were fed diets either with or without FOS during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring were fed the diets supplemented with or without FOS. Three weeks after weaning, offspring received DNFB on the ear auricle 4 times at 7-d intervals. Although FOS supplementation after weaning reduced ear swelling, maternal FOS consumption was ineffective in offspring. The present data suggest that dietary FOS reduces CHS while maternal FOS consumption is ineffective in offspring of DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice.

Rosmarinic acid attenuates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Jang, An-Hee; Kim, Tae-Ho; Kim, Gun-Dong; Kim, Jeong Eun; Kim, Ha Jin; Kim, Sung Soo; Jin, Young-Ho; Park, Yong Seek; Park, Cheung-Seog

2011-09-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, and its incidence is increasing in industrialized countries. Furthermore, the epicutaneous application of a hapten, such as 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), evokes an AD-like lesion in NC/Nga mice under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a secondary metabolite that is frequently found in herbs, and has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial effects. In this study, we studied whether RA is an effective treatment against DNFB-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. RA at 1 or 5 μM was found to suppress the productions of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 significantly by activated CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal injection of RA at 10 or 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited skin lesion development and ear thickness and total serum IgE level increases in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice. In addition, intraperitoneal administered RA at 10 or 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited the infiltrations of CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T, and mast cells into DNFB-induced skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. This study suggests that RA suppresses the development of AD-like dermatitis in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice by reducing IFN-γ and IL-4 production by activated T cells and total serum IgE levels. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, inhibits the development of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Tae-Ho; Jung, Jung-A; Kim, Gun-Dong; Jang, An-Hee; Cho, Jeong-Je; Park, Yong Seek; Park, Cheung-Seog

2010-10-01

Repetitive skin contact with a chemical hapten like 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) evokes an atopic dermatitis (AD)-like dermatitis reaction in NC/Nga mice maintained under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), modulates the expression of several genes by inhibiting the activity of HDACs. Furthermore, TSA has been reported to suppress inflammatory cytokine expression and to induce T cell-suppression by increasing regulatory T cell (T reg cell) numbers. In addition, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In the present study, we examined whether treatment with TSA suppresses AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice treated with DNFB under SPF conditions. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of TSA to DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice was found to inhibit ear thickness increases and the skin lesions induced by DNFB. Furthermore, IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells from the lymph nodes of DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice was significantly inhibited by TSA, although levels of IFN-γ were not. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes showed an increase in CD4+ CD25+ T cell proportions in mice given TSA-i.p. These findings suggest that TSA suppresses the development of AD-like dermatitis in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice by reducing IL-4 production and increasing the T reg cell population. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Condition monitoring of 3G cellular networks through competitive neural models.

PubMed

Barreto, Guilherme A; Mota, João C M; Souza, Luis G M; Frota, Rewbenio A; Aguayo, Leonardo

2005-09-01

We develop an unsupervised approach to condition monitoring of cellular networks using competitive neural algorithms. Training is carried out with state vectors representing the normal functioning of a simulated CDMA2000 network. Once training is completed, global and local normality profiles (NPs) are built from the distribution of quantization errors of the training state vectors and their components, respectively. The global NP is used to evaluate the overall condition of the cellular system. If abnormal behavior is detected, local NPs are used in a component-wise fashion to find abnormal state variables. Anomaly detection tests are performed via percentile-based confidence intervals computed over the global and local NPs. We compared the performance of four competitive algorithms [winner-take-all (WTA), frequency-sensitive competitive learning (FSCL), self-organizing map (SOM), and neural-gas algorithm (NGA)] and the results suggest that the joint use of global and local NPs is more efficient and more robust than current single-threshold methods.

Maximum spectral demands in the near-fault region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Huang, Yin-Nan; Whittaker, Andrew S.; Luco, Nicolas

2008-01-01

The Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) relationships for shallow crustal earthquakes in the western United States predict a rotated geometric mean of horizontal spectral demand, termed GMRotI50, and not maximum spectral demand. Differences between strike-normal, strike-parallel, geometric-mean, and maximum spectral demands in the near-fault region are investigated using 147 pairs of records selected from the NGA strong motion database. The selected records are for earthquakes with moment magnitude greater than 6.5 and for closest site-to-fault distance less than 15 km. Ratios of maximum spectral demand to NGA-predicted GMRotI50 for each pair of ground motions are presented. The ratio shows a clear dependence on period and the Somerville directivity parameters. Maximum demands can substantially exceed NGA-predicted GMRotI50 demands in the near-fault region, which has significant implications for seismic design, seismic performance assessment, and the next-generation seismic design maps. Strike-normal spectral demands are a significantly unconservative surrogate for maximum spectral demands for closest distance greater than 3 to 5 km. Scale factors that transform NGA-predicted GMRotI50 to a maximum spectral demand in the near-fault region are proposed.

Maximum spectral demands in the near-fault region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Huang, Y.-N.; Whittaker, A.S.; Luco, N.

2008-01-01

The Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) relationships for shallow crustal earthquakes in the western United States predict a rotated geometric mean of horizontal spectral demand, termed GMRotI50, and not maximum spectral demand. Differences between strike-normal, strike-parallel, geometric-mean, and maximum spectral demands in the near-fault region are investigated using 147 pairs of records selected from the NGA strong motion database. The selected records are for earthquakes with moment magnitude greater than 6.5 and for closest site-to-fault distance less than 15 km. Ratios of maximum spectral demand to NGA-predicted GMRotI50 for each pair of ground motions are presented. The ratio shows a clear dependence on period and the Somerville directivity parameters. Maximum demands can substantially exceed NGA-predicted GMRotI50 demands in the near-fault region, which has significant implications for seismic design, seismic performance assessment, and the next-generation seismic design maps. Strike-normal spectral demands are a significantly unconservative surrogate for maximum spectral demands for closest distance greater than 3 to 5 km. Scale factors that transform NGA-predicted GMRotI50 to a maximum spectral demand in the near-fault region are proposed. ?? 2008, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.

Inhibitory effect of kyungohkgo in the development of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Im, Lee-Rang; Ahn, Ji-Young; Kim, Jun-Ho; Xin, Mingjie; Kwon, Se-Uk; Kim, Yun-Kyung; Kim, Dae-Ki; Lee, Young-Mi

2011-02-01

Kyungohkgo (KOG) is one of the most important formulas in traditional oriental medicine. We investigated the remedial effect of KOG on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in female NC/Nga mice. AD-like lesion was induced by the application of 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene on to the back skin repeatedly; KOG was administered orally (12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg) and topically (0.5 and 1.0 mg/mouse) to NC/Nga mice once a day for all through the period of this experiment and every mouse body weight was periodically taken. The effects of KOG on 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-treated NC/Nga mice were determined by measuring AD-like skin lesions, the infiltration of mast cells and serum immunoglobulin E concentration. After the KOG applications are over, the KOG groups had less skin lesions than the atopy one, their immunoglobulin E levels were significantly downregulated and the infiltration of mast cells in the dorsal skin were reduced. Our results suggest that KOG may be effective in alleviating the development of AD. The inhibition of AD in NC/Nga mice may be influenced by the prevention of mast cell activation.

Neogambogic Acid Suppresses Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand (RANKL)-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Inhibiting the JNK and NF-κB Pathways in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Monocyte/Macrophages.

PubMed

Jin, Gu; Wang, Fang-Fang; Li, Tao; Jia, Dong-Dong; Shen, Yong; Xu, Hai-Chao

2018-04-26

BACKGROUND Neogambogic acid (NGA) is used in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NGA on gene signaling pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophages (BMMs) and on bone resorption in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary mouse BMMs were cultured with increasing concentrations of NGA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to study the expression of mRNAs corresponding to gene products specific to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), calcitonin receptor (CTR), cathepsin K (CTSK), and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. Western blotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the signaling pathways. A bone resorption model was used to quantify bone resorption. RESULTS An NGA dose of ≤0.4 μg/ml had no significant effect on the proliferation of mouse BMMs in vitro (P>0.05); concentrations of between 0.1-0.4 μg/ml significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis (P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, NGA significantly reduced RANKL-induced bone resorption in vitro (P <0.01), and downregulated the expression of osteoclast-related mRNAs of TRAP, CTR, CTSK, and NFATc1. NGA suppressed the activation of JNK but not the p38 signaling pathway and significantly reduced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and the nuclear transport of NF-κB molecules, which inhibited NFATc1 expression. CONCLUSIONS NGA suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the JNK and NF-κB pathways in mouse BMMs in vitro and reduced osteoclastic bone resorption.

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-04-01

Through the National Governors' Association (NGA) project ''Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials. Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities. Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect on individual sites inmore » the complex. Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in DOE's Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure strategy and contractor integration analysis. Interstate waste and materials shipments. Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the quarter from December 31, 1997 through April 30, 1998 under the NGA project. The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past four months can be categorized as follows: maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; and provided ongoing support to state-DOE interactions in preparation for the March 30-31, 1998 NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force Meeting with DOE. maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, DOE's Environmental Management Budget, and DOE's proposed Intersite Discussions.« less

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ann M. Beauchesne

1999-04-30

Through the National Governors' Association (NGA) project ''Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials; Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities; Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect on individual sites inmore » the complex; Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in the Department's Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure plan and contractor integration analysis; Interstate waste and materials shipments; and Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the quarter from February 1, 1999, through April 30, 1999, under the NGA grant. The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past four months can be categorized as follows: maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, external regulation of DOE; and EM Integration activities; and continued to serve as a liaison between the NGA FFCA Task Force states and the Department.« less

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ann B. Beauchesne

1998-09-30

Through the National Governors' Association (NGA) project ''Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: (1) Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials; (2) Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities; (3) Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect onmore » individual sites in the complex; (4) Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in the Department's Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure plan and contractor integration analysis; (5) Interstate waste and materials shipments; and (6) Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the quarter from June 1, 1998 through September 30, 1998, under the NGA grant. The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past four months can be categorized as follows: (1) maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; (2) maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, external regulation of DOE; and EM Integration activities; and (3) continued to serve as a liaison between the NGA FFCA Task Force states and the Department.« less

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ann M. Beauchesne

1999-01-31

Through the National Governors' Association (NGA) project ''Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: (1) Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials; (2) Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities; (3) Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect onmore » individual sites in the complex; (4) Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in the Department's Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure plan and contractor integration analysis; (5) Interstate waste and materials shipments; and (6) Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the quarter from October 1, 1998 through January 31, 1999, under the NGA grant. The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past four months can be categorized as follows: (1) maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; (2) maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, external regulation of DOE; and EM Integration activities; and (3) continued to serve as a liaison between the NGA FFCA Task Force states and the Department.« less

GLCF: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

Science.gov Websites

Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), NASA, the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the German Aerospace Center * Gallery Quick Links *SRTM at NASA *SRTM at USGS *SRTM at NGA *SRTM at DLR *SRTM at ASI *UTM Projection e

Directivity models produced for the Next Generation Attenuation West 2 (NGA-West 2) project

USGS Publications Warehouse

Spudich, Paul A.; Watson-Lamprey, Jennie; Somerville, Paul G.; Bayless, Jeff; Shahi, Shrey; Baker, Jack W.; Rowshandel, Badie; Chiou, Brian

2012-01-01

Five new directivity models are being developed for the NGA-West 2 project. All are based on the NGA-West 2 data base, which is considerably expanded from the original NGA-West data base, containing about 3,000 more records from earthquakes having finite-fault rupture models. All of the new directivity models have parameters based on fault dimension in km, not normalized fault dimension. This feature removes a peculiarity of previous models which made them inappropriate for modeling large magnitude events on long strike-slip faults. Two models are explicitly, and one is implicitly, 'narrowband' models, in which the effect of directivity does not monotonically increase with spectral period but instead peaks at a specific period that is a function of earthquake magnitude. These narrowband models' functional forms are capable of simulating directivity over a wider range of earthquake magnitude than previous models. The functional forms of the five models are presented.

Accumulation of immunoglobulin G against Dermatophagoides farinae tropomyosin in dorsal root ganglia of NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like symptoms.

PubMed

Otsu, Ayaka; Kawasaki, Hiroaki; Tominaga, Mitsutoshi; Shigenaga, Ayako; Matsuda, Hironori; Takahashi, Nobuaki; Nakajima, Tadaaki; Naito, Hisashi; Baba, Takeshi; Ogawa, Hideoki; Tomooka, Yasuhiro; Yamakura, Fumiyuki; Takamori, Kenji

2017-04-15

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, manifests as intractable itch, but its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study assessed the relationship between immunoglobulin G (IgG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in NC/Nga mice, a model of AD that manifests AD-like symptoms including itch. Immunohistochemical analysis showed large amounts of IgG in DRG extracts of NC/Nga mice with AD-like dermatitis, with a large fraction of the IgG distributed in satellite glial cells of the DRG. Proteomic analysis showed that this IgG was reactive against tropomyosin of Dermatophagoides farinae. These findings indicate that the accumulation of anti-tropomyosin IgG in DRG of atopic NC/Nga mice may be associated with the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms, including itch. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fixed Access Network Sharing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cornaglia, Bruno; Young, Gavin; Marchetta, Antonio

2015-12-01

Fixed broadband network deployments are moving inexorably to the use of Next Generation Access (NGA) technologies and architectures. These NGA deployments involve building fiber infrastructure increasingly closer to the customer in order to increase the proportion of fiber on the customer's access connection (Fibre-To-The-Home/Building/Door/Cabinet… i.e. FTTx). This increases the speed of services that can be sold and will be increasingly required to meet the demands of new generations of video services as we evolve from HDTV to "Ultra-HD TV" with 4k and 8k lines of video resolution. However, building fiber access networks is a costly endeavor. It requires significant capital in order to cover any significant geographic coverage. Hence many companies are forming partnerships and joint-ventures in order to share the NGA network construction costs. One form of such a partnership involves two companies agreeing to each build to cover a certain geographic area and then "cross-selling" NGA products to each other in order to access customers within their partner's footprint (NGA coverage area). This is tantamount to a bi-lateral wholesale partnership. The concept of Fixed Access Network Sharing (FANS) is to address the possibility of sharing infrastructure with a high degree of flexibility for all network operators involved. By providing greater configuration control over the NGA network infrastructure, the service provider has a greater ability to define the network and hence to define their product capabilities at the active layer. This gives the service provider partners greater product development autonomy plus the ability to differentiate from each other at the active network layer.

32 CFR 320.12 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.12 Exemptions. Link to an amendment published... intelligence agencies which may be exempt from certain provisions of the Privacy Act. However, NGA does not... in this system, including law enforcement counterterrorism, investigatory and intelligence records...

Clonal deletion of T cell repertoires with specific T cell receptor Vβ chains by two endogenous superantigens in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Ohkusu-Tsukada, Kozo; Tsukada, Teruyo; Takahashi, Kimimasa

2017-11-01

Superantigens (SAgs) are powerful T-cell stimulatory proteins. Because an atopic dermatitis (AD) model NC/Nga mice had two endogenous SAgs, namely minor lymphocyte-stimulating locus-1 a (Mls-1 a ) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)(SHN), SAg-responsive T-cells bearing Vβ5.1, Vβ6, Vβ8.1, Vβ8.2, Vβ8.3, Vβ9, and Vβ11 should be endogenously deleted. Here, we discuss that the endogenous SAgs-expression may be involved in AD-sensitivity in NC/Nga mice.

Enhancement of radiotherapy by ceria nanoparticles modified with neogambogic acid in breast cancer cells

PubMed Central

Chen, Feng; Zhang, Xiao Hong; Hu, Xiao Dan; Zhang, Wei; Lou, Zhi Chao; Xie, Li Hua; Liu, Pei Dang; Zhang, Hai Qian

2015-01-01

Radiotherapy is one of the main strategies for cancer treatment but has significant challenges, such as cancer cell resistance and radiation damage to normal tissue. Radiosensitizers that selectively increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to radiation can enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy. We report here the development of a novel radiosensitizer consisting of monodispersed ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) covered with the anticancer drug neogambogic acid (NGA-CNPs). These were used in conjunction with radiation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and the efficacy and mechanisms of action of this combined treatment approach were evaluated. NGA-CNPs potentiated the toxic effects of radiation, leading to a higher rate of cell death than either treatment used alone and inducing the activation of autophagy and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, while pretreatment with NGA or CNPs did not improve the rate of radiation-induced cancer cells death. However, NGA-CNPs decreased both endogenous and radiation-induced reactive oxygen species formation, unlike other nanomaterials. These results suggest that the adjunctive use of NGA-CNPs can increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy in breast cancer treatment by lowering the radiation doses required to kill cancer cells and thereby minimizing collateral damage to healthy adjacent tissue. PMID:26316742

77 FR 59609 - WBI Energy Transmission Company, Inc.; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-28

... Commission's regulations under the Natural Gas Act (NGA). WBI Energy seeks authorization to install and... 157.205 of the Commission's Regulations under the NGA (18 CFR 157.205) a protest to the request. If no... [[Page 59610

75 FR 2140 - Florida Gas Transmission Company, LLC; Notice of Staff Protest to Proposed Blanket Certificate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-14

...) of the Natural Gas Act (NGA) and Part 157, subpart A, of the Commission's regulations.\\1\\ \\1\\ Section... case-specific application under NGA section 7, unless, pursuant to section 157.205(g) the protestor...

Initiation of a Database of CEUS Ground Motions for NGA East

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cramer, C. H.

2007-12-01

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has funded the first stage of development of a database of central and eastern US (CEUS) broadband and accelerograph records, along the lines of the existing Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database for active tectonic areas. This database will form the foundation of an NGA East project for the development of CEUS ground-motion prediction equations that include the effects of soils. This initial effort covers the development of a database design and the beginning of data collection to populate the database. It also includes some processing for important source parameters (Brune corner frequency and stress drop) and site parameters (kappa, Vs30). Besides collecting appropriate earthquake recordings and information, existing information about site conditions at recording sites will also be gathered, including geology and geotechnical information. The long-range goal of the database development is to complete the database and make it available in 2010. The database design is centered on CEUS ground motion information needs but is built on the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's (PEER) NGA experience. Documentation from the PEER NGA website was reviewed and relevant fields incorporated into the CEUS database design. CEUS database tables include ones for earthquake, station, component, record, and references. As was done for NGA, a CEUS ground- motion flat file of key information will be extracted from the CEUS database for use in attenuation relation development. A short report on the CEUS database and several initial design-definition files are available at https://umdrive.memphis.edu:443/xythoswfs/webui/_xy-7843974_docstore1. Comments and suggestions on the database design can be sent to the author. More details will be presented in a poster at the meeting.

Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design

USGS Publications Warehouse

Borcherdt, Roger D.

2014-01-01

Proposals are developed to update Tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures published as American Society of Civil Engineers Structural Engineering Institute standard 7-10 (ASCE/SEI 7–10). The updates are mean next generation attenuation (NGA) site coefficients inferred directly from the four NGA ground motion prediction equations used to derive the maximum considered earthquake response maps adopted in ASCE/SEI 7–10. Proposals include the recommendation to use straight-line interpolation to infer site coefficients at intermediate values of (average shear velocity to 30-m depth). The NGA coefficients are shown to agree well with adopted site coefficients at low levels of input motion (0.1 g) and those observed from the Loma Prieta earthquake. For higher levels of input motion, the majority of the adopted values are within the 95% epistemic-uncertainty limits implied by the NGA estimates with the exceptions being the mid-period site coefficient, Fv, for site class D and the short-period coefficient, Fa, for site class C, both of which are slightly less than the corresponding 95% limit. The NGA data base shows that the median value  of 913 m/s for site class B is more typical than 760 m/s as a value to characterize firm to hard rock sites as the uniform ground condition for future maximum considered earthquake response ground motion estimates. Future updates of NGA ground motion prediction equations can be incorporated easily into future adjustments of adopted site coefficients using procedures presented herein. 

PEER NGA-East Overview: Development of a Ground Motion Characterization Model (Ground Motion Prediction Equations) for Central and Eastern North America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goulet, C. A.; Abrahamson, N. A.; Al Atik, L.; Atkinson, G. M.; Bozorgnia, Y.; Graves, R. W.; Kuehn, N. M.; Youngs, R. R.

2017-12-01

The Next Generation Attenuation project for Central and Eastern North America (CENA), NGA-East, is a major multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER). The project was co-sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). NGA-East involved a large number of participating researchers from various organizations in academia, industry and government and was carried-out as a combination of 1) a scientific research project and 2) a model-building component following the NRC Seismic Senior Hazard Analysis Committee (SSHAC) Level 3 process. The science part of the project led to several data products and technical reports while the SSHAC component aggregated the various results into a ground motion characterization (GMC) model. The GMC model consists in a set of ground motion models (GMMs) for median and standard deviation of ground motions and their associated weights, combined into logic-trees for use in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA). NGA-East addressed many technical challenges, most of them related to the relatively small number of earthquake recordings available for CENA. To resolve this shortcoming, the project relied on ground motion simulations to supplement the available data. Other important scientific issues were addressed through research projects on topics such as the regionalization of seismic source, path and attenuation of motions, the treatment of variability and uncertainties and on the evaluation of site effects. Seven working groups were formed to cover the complexity and breadth of topics in the NGA-East project, each focused on a specific technical area. This presentation provides an overview of the NGA-East research project and its key products.

Detection of respiratory allergies caused by environmental chemical allergen via measures of hyper-activation and degranulation of mast cells in lungs of NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Nishino, Risako; Fukuyama, Tomoki; Watanabe, Yuko; Kurosawa, Yoshimi; Koasaka, Tadashi; Harada, Takanori

2016-09-01

Respiratory allergy triggered by exposure to environmental chemical allergen is a serious problem in many Asian countries and has the potential to cause severe health problems. Here, we aimed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease and develop an in vivo detection method for respiratory allergy induced by environmental chemical allergen. Both BALB/c and NC/Nga mice were sensitized topically for 3 weeks and were then subjected to inhalation challenge with pulverized trimellitic anhydride into particles measuring 2-μm in diameter. On the day after the final challenge, all mice were sacrificed, and IgE levels, immunocyte counts, and cytokine levels in the serum, hilar lymph nodes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. We also monitored the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. We found that all endpoints were significantly increased in mice of both strains subjected to trimellitic anhydride inhalation as compared with the respective control groups. However, worsening of respiratory status was noted only in NC/Nga mice. Interestingly, type 2 helper T-cell reactions were significantly increased in BALB/c mice compared with that in NC/Nga mice. In contrast, the number of mast cells, levels of mast cell-related cytokine/chemokines, and production of histamine in NC/Nga mice were significantly higher than those in BALB/c mice. Thus, environmental chemical allergen induced respiratory allergy in NC/Nga mice in terms of functional and inflammatory symptoms. Furthermore, mast cells may be involved in the aggravation of airway allergic symptoms induced by environmental chemical allergens.

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-01-01

Through the National Governors' Association (NGA) project ''Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials. Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities. Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect on individual sites inmore » the complex. Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in the EM 2006 cleanup plans and contractor integration analysis. Interstate waste and materials shipments. Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the quarter from October 1, 1997 through December 31, 1997, under the NGA project. The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past four months can be categorized as follows: maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; and maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, DOE activities in the area of the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule, and DOE's proposed National Dialogue.« less

Revision of the Applicability of the NGA's in South America, Chile - Argentina.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alvarado Lara, F., Sr.; Ledezma, C., Sr.

2015-12-01

In South America, larger magnitude seismic events originate in the subduction zone between the Nazca and Continental plates, as opposed to crustal events. Crustal seismic events are important in areas very close to active fault lines; however, seismic hazard analyses incorporate crust events related to a maximum distance from the site under study. In order to use crustal events as part of a seismic hazard analysis, it is necessary to use the attenuation relationships which represent the seismic behavior of the site under study. Unfortunately, in South America the amount of compiled crustal event historical data is not yet sufficient to generate a firm regional attenuation relationship. In the absence of attenuation relationships for crustal earthquakes in the region, the conventional approach is to use attenuation relationships from other regions which have a large amount of compiled data and which have similar seismic conditions to the site under study. This practice permits the development of seismic hazard analysis work with a certain margin of accuracy. In South America, in the engineering practice, new generation attenuation relationships (NGA-W) are used among other alternatives in order to incorporate the effect of crustal events in a seismic hazard analysis. In 2014, the NGA-W Version 2 (NGA-W2) was presented with a database containing information from Taiwan, Turkey, Iran, USA, Mexico, Japan, and Alaska. This paper examines whether it is acceptable to utilize the NGA-W2 in seismic hazard analysis in South America. A comparison between response spectrums of the seismic risk prepared in accordance with NGA-W2 and actual response spectrums of crustal events from Argentina is developed in order to support the examination. The seismic data were gathered from equipment installed in the cities of Santiago, Chile and Mendoza, Argentina.

Education for the Twenty-First Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Independence City School District, MO.

The National Governors Association (NGA) selected the Independence (Missouri) Public School District as one of 16 districts to implement recommendations in the NGA's "Time for Results" report. The district was chosen because of its strong leadership, evidence of community support, and ability to implement innovating programs. The…

32 CFR 320.3 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Responsibilities. 320.3 Section 320.3 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.3 Responsibilities. (a) Director of NGA: (1...

32 CFR 320.3 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Responsibilities. 320.3 Section 320.3 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.3 Responsibilities. (a) Director of NGA: (1...

32 CFR 320.3 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Responsibilities. 320.3 Section 320.3 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.3 Responsibilities. (a) Director of NGA: (1...

Implications of NGA for NEHRP site coefficients

USGS Publications Warehouse

Borcherdt, Roger D.

2012-01-01

Three proposals are provided to update tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (7-10), by the American Society of Civil Engineers (2010) (ASCE/SEI 7-10), with site coefficients implied directly by NGA (Next Generation Attenuation) ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Proposals include a recommendation to use straight-line interpolation to infer site coefficients at intermediate values of ̅vs (average shear velocity). Site coefficients are recommended to ensure consistency with ASCE/SEI 7-10 MCER (Maximum Considered Earthquake) seismic-design maps and simplified site-specific design spectra procedures requiring site classes with associated tabulated site coefficients and a reference site class with unity site coefficients. Recommended site coefficients are confirmed by independent observations of average site amplification coefficients inferred with respect to an average ground condition consistent with that used for the MCER maps. The NGA coefficients recommended for consideration are implied directly by the NGA GMPEs and do not require introduction of additional models.

The Prevalence of Ionized Gas Outflow Signatures in SDSS-IV MaNGA Active Galactic Nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flores, Anthony M.; Wylezalek, Dominika; Zakamska, Nadia

2018-01-01

Actively accreting supermassive black holes (AGN) can have a variety of effects on their host galaxies, from generating large regions of hot, photoionized gas, to driving AGN feedback in the form of galaxy wide outflows that may affect the evolution of the galaxy over time by quenching their star formation and by thus setting limits to the total mass of their host galaxy. The focus of this work is to assess the prevalence of AGN-driven outflows in low-redshift AGN of moderate power using IFU observations of 2778 galaxies available through SDSS-IV MaNGA.SDSS-IV MaNGA is an optical spectroscopic IFU survey which will have obtained spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of ~10,000 galaxies at z ≤ 0.1 and with stellar masses >10^9 solar masses over the next three years, allowing us to describe the kinematic properties of a large galaxy sample across different spatial regions.We have re-mapped the kinematics of the [O III] emission line to account for asymmetries and secondary kinematic components in the emission line brought on by potential AGN-driven outflows. Using all galaxies currently in the MaNGA survey, we implement a new fitting procedure to help determine the prevalence of these secondary components. Specifically, we use the non-parametric W80 value as a proxy for velocity dispersion, which we expect to be affected especially in the case of asymmetries and broadening of the emission lines. Separating these galaxies into two samples of independently identified AGN candidates and non-AGN, I will show that broad secondary components are twice as common in MaNGA-selected AGN compared to galaxies in MaNGA not classified as AGN. Moreover, when the underlying distribution of W80 values are compared between samples, I will show that the differences in these distributions are statistically significant. This demonstrates that large IFU survey like SDSS-IV MaNGA will uncover many previously unknown AGN and AGN feedback signatures. Outflows and feedback from low- and intermediate-luminosity AGN might have been underestimated in the past but can potentially significantly contribute to the AGN/host-galaxy self-regulation.

Validity of abundances derived from spaxel spectra of the MaNGA survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pilyugin, L. S.; Grebel, E. K.; Zinchenko, I. A.; Nefedyev, Y. A.; Shulga, V. M.; Wei, H.; Berczik, P. P.

2018-05-01

We measured the emission lines in the spaxel spectra of Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) galaxies in order to determine the abundance distributions therein. It has been suggested that the strength of the low-ionization lines, R2, N2, and S2, may be increased (relative to Balmer lines) in (some) spaxel spectra of the MaNGA survey due to a contribution of the radiation of the diffuse ionized gas. Consequently, the abundances derived from the spaxel spectra through strong-line methods may suffer from large errors. We examined this expectation by comparing the behaviour of the line intensities and the abundances estimated through different calibrations for slit spectra of H II regions in nearby galaxies, for fibre spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and for spaxel spectra of the MaNGA survey. We found that the S2 strength is increased significantly in the fibre and spaxel spectra. The mean enhancement changes with metallicity and can be as large as a factor of 2. The mean distortion of R2 and N2 is less than a factor of 1.3. This suggests that Kaufmann et al.'s (2003, MNRAS, 346, 1055) demarcation line between active galactic nuclei and H II regions in the Baldwin, Phillips, & Terlevich (BPT, 1981, PASP, 93, 5) diagram is a useful criterion to reject spectra with significantly distorted strengths of the N2 and R2 lines. We find that the three-dimensional R calibration, which uses the N2 and R2 lines, produces reliable abundances in the MaNGA galaxies. The one-dimensional N2 calibration produces either reliable or wrong abundances depending on whether excitation and N/O abundance ratio in the target region (spaxel) are close to or differ from those parameters in the calibrating points located close to the calibration relation. We then determined abundance distributions within the optical radii in the discs of 47 MaNGA galaxies. The optical radii of the galaxies were estimated from the surface brightness profiles constructed based on the MaNGA observations.

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ann M. Beauchesne

2000-01-01

Through the National Governors Association (NGA) project ``Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials; Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities; Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect on individual sites inmore » the complex; Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in the Department's Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure plan and contractor integration analysis; Interstate waste and materials shipments; and Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the period from October 1, 1999 through January 31, 2000, under the NGA grant. The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past three months can be categorized as follows: maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; convened and facilitated the October 6--8 NGA FFCA Task Force Meeting in Oak Ridge, Tennessee; maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, external regulation of DOE; and continued to facilitate interactions between the states and DOE to develop a foundation for an ongoing substantive relationship between the Governors of key states and the Department.« less

Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) from a global dataset: the PEERPEER NGA equations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boore, David M.; Akkar, Sinan; Gulkan, Polat; van Eck, Torild

2011-01-01

The PEER NGA ground-motion prediction equation s (GMPEs) were derived by five developer teams over several years, resulting in five sets of GMPEs. The teams used various subsets of a global database of ground motions and metadata from shallow earthquakes in tectonically active regions in the development of the equations. Since their publication, the predicted motions from these GMPEs have been compared with data from various parts of the world – data that largely were not used in the development of the GMPEs. The comparisons suggest that the NGA GMPEs are applicable globally for shallow earthquakes in tectonically active regions.

75 FR 43497 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-26

...; System of Records AGENCY: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), DoD. ACTION: Notice to add a system of records. SUMMARY: The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) proposes to add a system of...-3808. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency notices for systems of...

Rigorous Courses, Fresh Enrollment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNeil, Michele

2007-01-01

School leaders have joined a six-state effort by the National Governors Association (NGA) aimed at making Advanced Placement (AP) classes more widely available, recruiting nontraditional students to enroll, and working to make sure those students succeed in the college-level courses. Participants say the NGA initiative is showing impressive early…

Supporting Adolescent Literacy Achievement. Issue Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berman, Ilene

2009-01-01

This brief enhances recommendations and policy strategies from the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) publication "Reading to Achieve: A Governor's Guide to Adolescent Literacy". It reflects lessons from recent research and best practices from states selected to receive NGA Center support to develop statewide…

Atopic March from Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma-Like Lesions in NC/Nga Mice Is Accelerated or Aggravated by Neutralization of Stratum Corneum but Partially Inhibited by Acidification.

PubMed

Lee, Hae-Jin; Lee, Noo Ri; Jung, Minyoung; Kim, Dong Hye; Choi, Eung Ho

2015-12-01

Prolonged and/or repeated damage to the skin barrier followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is an initial step in atopic march that ultimately progresses to respiratory allergy. Maintaining normal stratum corneum (SC) acidity has been suggested as a therapeutic or preventive strategy for barrier impairment caused by skin inflammation. We determined whether a representative AD murine model, NC/Nga mice, develops airway inflammation after repeated epicutaneous application followed by inhalation of house dust mite (HDM), implying atopic march, and whether prolongation of non-proper SC acidity accelerates respiratory allergy. HDM was applied to the skin of NC/Nga mice, accompanied by the application of neutral cream (pH 7.4) or acidic cream (pH 2.8) for 6 weeks. Intranasal inhalation of HDM was administered daily during the last 3 days. Repeated epicutaneous applications followed by inhalation of HDM in NC/Nga mice induced an atopic march-like progression from AD lesions to respiratory allergy. Concurrent neutral cream treatment accelerated or aggravated the allergic inflammation in the skin and respiratory system, whereas an acidic cream partially alleviated these symptoms. Collectively, we developed an atopic march in NC/Nga mice by HDM application, and found that prevention of a neutral environment in the SC may be an interventional method to inhibit the march.

Therapeutic effects of full spectrum light on the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kwon, Tae-Rin; Mun, Seog Kyun; Oh, Chang Taek; Hong, Hyuckki; Choi, Yeon Shik; Kim, Bong-Jun; Kim, Beom Joon

2014-01-01

Full spectrum light (FSL) includes UVA, visible light and infrared light. Many studies have investigated the application of FSL in severe cases of atopic dermatitis (AD) in humans; however, FSL has not yet been studied in an animal model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of FSL on AD-like skin lesions using NC/Nga mice, with the aim of mitigating itching and attenuating the expression of adhesion molecules. We examined the effects of FSL on mite allergen-treated NC/Nga mice by assessing skin symptom severity, ear thickness, serum IgE levels, and the cytokine expression. We examined the histology of lesions using hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining. Our findings suggest that FSL phototherapy exerts positive therapeutic effects on Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by reducing IgE levels, thus promoting recovery of the skin barrier. The mechanisms by which FSL phototherapy exerts its effects may also involve the inhibition of scratching behavior, reduction of IL-6 levels and reductions in adhesion molecule expression. The present study indicates that FSL phototherapy inhibits the development of AD in NC/Nga mice by suppressing cytokine, chemokine and adhesion molecule expression, and thus, could potentially be useful in treating AD. © 2014 The American Society of Photobiology.

α-Lipoic acid suppresses the development of DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Gun-Dong; Kim, Tae-Ho; Jang, An-Hee; Ahn, Hyun-Jong; Park, Yong Seek; Park, Cheung-Seog

2011-02-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease that has complex pathogenic mechanisms. Under specific pathogen-free conditions, repeated epicutaneous treatment of 2-4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) evokes AD-like clinical symptoms in NC/Nga mice. α-Lipoic acid (α-LA; 1, 2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid) is a dietary component that is synthesized in bacteria, yeast, plants, and mammals. α-LA and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, are powerful antioxidants that have many physiological functions, including free radical scavenging of reactive oxygen species, generation of cellular antioxidants, chelation of metal ions, and inflammatory suppression. In this study, we investigated whether α-LA suppresses AD-like skin lesions induced by repeated DNFB application in NC/Nga mice. α-LA significantly suppressed production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 by activated CD4(+) T cells. We found that the oral administration of α-LA reduced AD-like clinical symptoms and inhibited increases of epidermal thickness in DNFB-induced AD-like skin lesions of NC/Nga mice. Furthermore, total serum IgE levels were dramatically reduced by topical α-LA treatment. Our findings suggest that oral administration of α-LA suppresses the development of AD in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice and reduces IFN-γ and IL-4 production from activated CD4(+) T cells as well as total serum IgE levels. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Natural Gas Industry and Markets

EIA Publications

2006-01-01

This special report provides an overview of the supply and disposition of natural gas in 2004 and is intended as a supplement to the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Natural Gas Annual 2004 (NGA). Unless otherwise stated, all data and figures in this report are based on summary statistics published in the NGA 2004.

Core-Shell Co/CoO Integrated on 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel as an Enhanced Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

PubMed Central

Wang, Meng; Hou, Yuyang; Slade, Robert C. T.; Wang, Jiazhao; Shi, Dongqi; Wexler, David; Liu, Huakun; Chen, Jun

2016-01-01

Here, we demonstrate that Cobalt/cobalt oxide core-shell nanoparticles integrated on nitrogen-doped (N-doped) three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide aerogel-based architecture (Co/CoO-NGA) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method followed by annealing treatment. The unique endurable porous structure could provide sufficient mass transfer channels and ample active sites on Co/CoO-NGA to facilitate the catalytic reaction. The synthesized Co/CoO-NGA was explored as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction, showing comparable oxygen reduction performance with excellent methanol resistance and better durability compared with Pt/C. PMID:27597939

Continuous versus pulse neutron induced gamma spectroscopy for soil carbon analysis

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Neutron induced gamma spectra analysis (NGA) provides a means of measuring carbon in large soil volumes without destructive sampling. Calibration of the NGA system must account for system background and the interference of other nuclei on the carbon peak at 4.43 MeV. Accounting for these factors pro...

Survey on Early Childhood Advisory Councils. NGA Center for Best Practices Backgrounder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Governors Association, 2007

2007-01-01

During fall 2007, the NGA Center surveyed states regarding the presence and nature of state early childhood coordinating councils, which may exist as Early Learning Councils, Task Forces, Children's Cabinets, Interagency Coordinating Councils, etc. For brevity, these coordinating entities are referred to below as Early Childhood Advisory Councils…

State Education Activities to Support Mission Growth. NGA Center for Best Practices. Issue Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butler, Tara A.

2009-01-01

The National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) leads a Mission Growth Working Group, which consists of states that are significantly impacted by the growth of military bases. The group includes state representatives appointed by the governors of Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana,…

Azuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract inhibits the development of experimentally induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Collantes, Therese Marie; Rho, Mun-Chual; Kwon, Hyoung-Jun; Jung, Bock-Gie; Alfajaro, Mia Madel; Kim, Deok-Song; Kim, Hyun-Jeong; Hosmillo, Myra; Park, Jun-Gyu; Son, Kyu-Yeol; Park, Sang-Ik; Kang, Mun-Il; Park, Su-Jin; Lee, Seung Woong; Lee, Woo-Song; Cho, Kyoung-Oh

2012-06-01

The present study investigated the effects of azuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract (VAE) on the progress of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The efficacy of VAE in NC/Nga mice was determined by measuring gross and histological skin lesions, serum IgE levels, eosinophil ratio in peripheral leucocytes, and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-4, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in splenocytes. Continuous ingestion of VAE inhibited the development of the AD-like skin lesions in a dose-dependent manner. In the VAE-treated mice, the numbers of mast cells in the skin, eosinophil ratio in peripheral leucocytes, relative mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spleen, and serum IgE levels were significantly reduced. Results suggest that VAE can inhibit the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by regulating immune mediators and cells, and may be an effective alternative therapy for AD. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inhibitory effects of Drynaria fortunei extract on house dust mite antigen-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Sung, Yoon-Young; Kim, Dong-Seon; Yang, Won-Kyung; Nho, Kyoung Jin; Seo, Hyeong Seok; Kim, Young Sang; Kim, Ho Kyoung

2012-10-31

Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, rheumatism, and bone healing. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% ethanol extract of Drynaria fortunei (DFE). We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of topically applied DFE on house dust mite Dermatophargoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Treatment of NC/Nga mice with DFE reduced the dermatitis score, ear thickness, and serum levels of IgE, IgG1, and IL-6. Histopathological analyses of ear and skin lesions showed inhibition of the thickening of the epidermis and reduced epidermal/dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells. In ear lesions, mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were reduced by DFE treatment. DFE inhibited the development of dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. These results suggest that DFE may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ground-water contamination and movement at the Defense General Supply Center, Richmond, Virginia. Water Resources Investigation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Powell, J.D.; Wright, W.G.; Nelms, D.L.

1990-01-01

The report documents the efforts of the USGS in support of the quantification phase of the IRP to determine the degree of contamination of a site that has been identified as requiring study. The report describes the extent, concentration, direction, and rate of movement of contaminants in ground water beyond the boundaries of the DGSC. Hydrologic and geologic data were collected during 1984-90 from wells located upgradient from the DGSC, upgradient from the Area 50 landfill located on the DGSC, in the landfill, in the National Guard Area (NGA) downgradient from the landfill, and downgradient from the NGA beyond themore » eastern boundary of the DGSC. Lithologic data were collected during drilling of wells installed downgradient of the NGA by the USGS during 1984-86. Water from wells located downgradient of the NGA was analyzed for volatile-organic compounds, major cations and anions, priority-pollutant trace metals, and total organic carbon. Aquifer-test wells were installed by the USGS and aquifer testing was performed during 1985.« less

Technetium-99m NGA functional hepatic imaging: preliminary clinical experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stadalnik, R.C.; Vera, D.R.; Woodle, E.S.

1985-11-01

Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin ( (Tc)NGA) is a radiolabeled ligand to hepatic binding protein, a receptor which resides at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes. This receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical and its kinetic model provide a noninvasive method for the assessment of liver function. Eighteen patients were studied: seven with hepatoma, eight with liver metastases, four with cirrhosis, and one patient with acute fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis. Technetium-99m NGA liver imaging provided anatomic information of diagnostic quality comparable to that obtained with other routine imaging modalities, including computed tomography, angiography, ultrasound, and (Tc)sulfur colloid scintigraphy. Kinetic modeling of dynamic (Tc)NGA data produced estimates of standardizedmore » hepatic blood flow, Q (hepatic blood flow divided by total blood volume), and hepatic binding protein concentration, (HBP). Significant rank correlation was obtained between (HBP) estimates and CTC scores. This correlation supports the hypothesis that (HBP) is a measure of functional hepatocyte mass. The combination of decreased Q and markedly reduced (HBP) may have prognostic significance; all three patients with this combination died of hepatic failure within 6 wk of imaging.« less

Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Inhibits Dust Mite Extract-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Lee, Hoyoung; Lee, Jun Kyoung; Ha, Hyekyung; Lee, Mee-Young; Seo, Chang-Seob; Shin, Hyeun Kyoo

2012-01-01

We examined whether Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (AR) suppresses the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by Dermatophagoides farinae in NC/Nga mice. To investigate the effect of AR, we measured the AD severity score, measured plasma levels of IgE and histamine, and performed histological analysis in NC/Nga mice. We also confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of AR by measuring TARC/CCL17 production from LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells and mRNA levels of TARC and MDC/CCL22 in TNF-α/IFN-γ-treated HaCaT cells. 10 mg/day of AR extract was applied for 4 weeks to NC/Nga mice. Both the AR extract and 0.1% tacrolimus suppressed the development of AD-like skin lesions and reduced dermatitis scores of the back and ear skin. AR extracts caused an inhibition of histological changes induced by repeated application of D. farinae and a reduction of IgE and histamine levels in plasma (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NO production in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells was diminished in a dose-dependent manner, and hTARC production and TARC and MDC mRNA levels in TNF-α/IFN-γ-treated HaCaT cells were diminished by AR. The inhibitory effect of AR on NO, TARC and MDC production may be associated with the suppression of AD-like skin lesions in D. farinae-induced NC/Nga mice.

Costaria costata Extract Suppresses Development of Atopic Dermatitis in chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-treated NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Kim, Ok-Kyung; Lee, Minhee; Kwon, Han Ol; Lee, Dasom; Park, Jeongjin; Kim, Eungpil; You, Yanghee; Lim, Young Tae; Jun, Woojin; Lee, Jeongmin

2018-05-23

We investigated the potential effects of Costaria costata (CC) on atopic dermatitis (AD) development in chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-treated NC/Nga mice. CC is a brown alga distributed across the seas of Korea, China, and Japan. A total of 40 mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 8 mice per group: untreated Balb/c mice, AD control (0.1% w/v DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice), positive control (i.e., DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 66.6 mg/kg of body weight [b.w.] of CJLP133), DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 100 mg/kg b.w. of CCE10 (CCE10 100), and DNCB-treated mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg b.w. of CCE10 (CCE10 300) groups. The CCE10 100 and CCE10 300 treatment groups suppressed AD development including clinical and histopathological changes and a reduction in skin hydration induced by DNCB. In addition, Th2 cytokine production in primary splenocytes, serum IgE and histamine production, and mast cell infiltration into the skin were suppressed in the CCE10 300 mice compared to the CCE10 100 mice. Our finding demonstrated an inhibitory effect of CCE10 in AD development by means of improving the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and anti-inflammatory effect in an in vivo model. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Plasmodium berghei infection ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kishi, C; Amano, H; Suzue, K; Ishikawa, O

2014-10-01

Atopic diseases are more prevalent in industrialized countries than in developing countries. In addition, significant differences in the prevalence of allergic diseases are observed between rural and urban areas within the same country. This difference in prevalence has been attributed to what is called the 'hygiene hypothesis'. Although parasitic infections are known to protect against allergic reactions, the mechanism is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not malarial infections can inhibit atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in a mouse model of AD. We used NC/Nga mice which are a model for AD. The NC/Nga mice were intraperitoneally infected with 1 × 10(5) Plasmoduim berghei (Pb) XAT-infected erythrocytes. Malarial infections ameliorated AD-like skin lesions in the NC/Nga mice. This improvement was blocked by the administration of anti-asialo GM1 antibodies, which are anti-natural killer (NK) cells. Additionally, adoptive transfer of NK cells markedly improved AD-like skin lesions in conventional NC/Nga mice; these suggest that the novel protective mechanism associated with malaria parasitic infections is at least, in part, dependent on NK cells. We have experimentally demonstrated for the first time that malarial infections ameliorated AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model of AD. Our study could explain in part the mechanism of the 'hygiene hypothesis', which states that parasitic infections can inhibit the development of allergic diseases. © 2014 The Authors. Allergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-07-01

Through the National Governors' Association (NGA) project ''Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials. Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities. Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect on individual sites inmore » the complex. Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in DOE's Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure strategy and contractor integration analysis. Interstate waste and materials shipments. Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the quarter from April 30, 1998 through June 30, 1998 under the NGA project. The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past four months can be categorized as follows: maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; and provided ongoing support to state-DOE interactions. maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, DOE's Environmental Management Budget, and DOE's proposed Intersite Discussions.« less

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ann M. Beauchesne

1999-07-30

Through the National Governors' Association (NGA) project ''Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials; Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities; Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect on individual sites inmore » the complex; Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in the Department's Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure plan and contractor integration analysis; Interstate waste and materials shipments; and Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the quarter from May 1, 1999, through July 30, 1999, under the NGA grant. The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past four months can be categorized as follows: maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, external regulation of DOE; and continued to facilitate interactions between the states and DOE to develop a foundation for an ongoing substantive relationship between the Governors of key states and Secretary Richardson.« less

Oral administration of Yokukansan inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions in isolated NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Jiang, Ju; Yamaguchi, Takuji; Funakushi, Naoko; Kuhara, Takatoshi; Fan, Ping-shen; Ueki, Rie; Suto, Hajime; Kase, Yoshio; Ikeda, Shigaku; Ogawa, Hideoki

2009-10-01

Increasing evidence suggests that stress can trigger and exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD). Psychotherapy is becoming more important in the treatment of AD patients. Yokukansan (YKS, Yi-Gan San in Chinese), a traditional Japanese medicine, has been widely utilized in the treatment of neurosis, insomnia and anxiety especially in Asian countries. Furthermore, it was reported that YKS inhibited skin lesions in socially isolated mice but not in group-housed mice. Therefore, in the present study it was investigated whether or not YKS was effective in the treatment of AD using socially isolated NC/Nga mice. The present study was designed to assess the effect of YKS on the development of AD-like lesions in socially isolated NC/Nga mice to obtain information about its usefulness in the treatment of AD. Ten-week-old male NC/Nga mice were socially isolated under conventional conditions. YKS was administered orally to mice at the dose of 0.5% or 1.0% together with diet. The efficacy of YKS was evaluated by assessing skin lesion severity, scratching behaviors, skin hydration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin. Grooming behaviors evoked by social isolation stress and serum corticosterone levels were also measured. Oral administration of YKS to socially isolated NC/Nga mice resulted in the inhibition of exacerbation of AD-like skin lesions. It seemed that the inhibition of exacerbation of AD-like skin lesions observed in NC/Nga mice might be due to suppression of the scratching and grooming behaviors, inhibition of the infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils, and retention of humidity in the skin. Serum corticosterone levels were also significantly inhibited in the 1%-YKS-treated mice as compared with those of the control mice. There were no significant differences in the levels of serum total IgE and nerve growth factor (NGF) between the YKS-treated mice and the non-treated control mice. YKS inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions in socially isolated NC/Nga mice by suppressing scratching and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin. These results indicate that YKS possesses an anti-itching property, and its anti-itching may be partly through attenuation on social isolation stress. It is expected that YKS might provide an effective alternative therapy for AD in human patients.

Genetic algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Lui; Bayer, Steven E.

1991-01-01

Genetic algorithms are mathematical, highly parallel, adaptive search procedures (i.e., problem solving methods) based loosely on the processes of natural genetics and Darwinian survival of the fittest. Basic genetic algorithms concepts are introduced, genetic algorithm applications are introduced, and results are presented from a project to develop a software tool that will enable the widespread use of genetic algorithm technology.

The Role of Scale in the Development and Evolution of Stratified Shear Turbulence, Entrainment and Mixing

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-30

plan for the DNS runs of this project, which will be performed by using NGA (Desjardins et al., 2008), an in-house flow solver for variable density low...examined at geophysically relevant Reynolds numbers. In this project, the LES capabilities of the NGA computational framework is used. 4 REFERENCES

Pathfinder, v6 n2, Mar/Apr 2008. Strengthening NGA Partnerships Around the World

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

Office of International Affairs and Policy. What’s Next In fiscal year 2008, NGA plans to con- duct a gravity survey in an extremely remote and void...observer on Escudo de Veraguas Island. Perdue soon moved to Colombia as part of a team running a geodetic level line between Cali and Cartagena, walking

MIL-STD-2411-1 Change 3. Notice Impacts to NAVAIR

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-30

is Steve Rogan, NGA OCIO CE, 314-676- 0292, rogans@nga.mil. METRIC MIL-STD-2411-1 w/CHANGE 3 ______________ SUPERCEDING MIL-STD-2411-1 Change...JN Jan Mayen Is (NO) JA Japan DQ Jarvis Island (US) JE Jersey (UK) JQ Johnston Atoll (US) JO Jordan JU Juan De Nova Islands (FR) YV Juan

High-performance tin oxide-nitrogen doped graphene aerogel hybrids as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Chunhui; Cao, Jing; Khattak, Abdul Muqsit; Cai, Feipeng; Jiang, Bo; Yang, Gai; Hu, Suqin

2014-12-01

Tin dioxide nanoparticles on nitrogen doped graphene aerogel (SnO2-NGA) hybrid are synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method and successfully applied in lithium-ion batteries as a free-standing anode. The electrochemical performance of SnO2-NGA hybrid is investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, rate capability test, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the SnO2-NGA hybrid with freestanding spongy-like structure exhibit remarkable lithium storage capacity (1100 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles), good cycling stability and high rate capability. The outstanding performance is attributed to the uniform SnO2 nanoparticles, unique spongy-like structure and N doping defect for Li+ diffusion.

SDSS-IV MaNGA: Probing the Kinematic Morphology–Density Relation of Early-type Galaxies with MaNGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greene, J. E.; Leauthaud, A.; Emsellem, E.; Goddard, D.; Ge, J.; Andrews, B. H.; Brinkman, J.; Brownstein, J. R.; Greco, J.; Law, D.; Lin, Y.-T.; Masters, K. L.; Merrifield, M.; More, S.; Okabe, N.; Schneider, D. P.; Thomas, D.; Wake, D. A.; Yan, R.; Drory, N.

2017-12-01

The “kinematic” morphology–density relation for early-type galaxies posits that those galaxies with low angular momentum are preferentially found in the highest-density regions of the universe. We use a large sample of galaxy groups with halo masses {10}12.5< {M}{halo}< {10}14.5 {h}-1 {M}ȯ observed with the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey to examine whether there is a correlation between local environment and rotational support that is independent of stellar mass. We find no compelling evidence for a relationship between the angular momentum content of early-type galaxies and either local overdensity or radial position within the group at fixed stellar mass.

Genetic Algorithms and Local Search

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitley, Darrell

1996-01-01

The first part of this presentation is a tutorial level introduction to the principles of genetic search and models of simple genetic algorithms. The second half covers the combination of genetic algorithms with local search methods to produce hybrid genetic algorithms. Hybrid algorithms can be modeled within the existing theoretical framework developed for simple genetic algorithms. An application of a hybrid to geometric model matching is given. The hybrid algorithm yields results that improve on the current state-of-the-art for this problem.

PHAT+MaNGA: Using resolved stellar populations to improve the recovery of star formation histories from galaxy spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Byler, Nell

2017-08-01

Stellar Population Synthesis (SPS) models are routinely used to interpret extragalactic observations at all redshifts. Currently, the dominant source of uncertainty in SPS modeling lies in the degeneracies associated with synthesizing and fitting complex stellar populations to observed galaxy spectra. To remedy this, we propose an empirical calibration of SPS models using resolved stellar population observations from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to constrain the stellar masses, ages, and star formation histories (SFHs) in regions matched to 2D spectroscopic observations from MaNGA. We will take advantage of the state of the art observations from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT), which maps the dust content, history of chemical enrichment, and history of star formation across the disk of M31 in exquisite detail. Recently, we have coupled these observations with an unprecedented, spatially-resolved suite of IFU observations from MaNGA. With these two comprehensive data sets we can use the true underlying stellar properties from PHAT to properly interpret the aperture-matched integrated spectra from MaNGA. Our MaNGA observations target 20 regions within the PHAT footprint that fully sample the available range in metallicity, SFR, dust content, and stellar density. This transformative dataset will establish a comprehensive link between resolved stellar populations and the inferred properties of unresolved stellar populations across astrophysically important environments. The net data product will be a library of galaxy spectra matched to the true underlying stellar properties, a comparison set that has lasting legacy value for the extragalactic community.

Effect of Canavalia gladiata Extract Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Kim, Ok-Kyung; Chang, Jee-Yun; Nam, Da-Eun; Park, Yoo Kyoung; Jun, Woojin; Lee, Jeongmin

2015-01-01

Canavalia gladiata has been used as a Chinese traditional folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the use of C. gladiata is limited because it contains antinutritional and allergy-causing proteins. We fermented C. gladiata with Aspergillus oryzae and investigated the effects of fermented C. gladiata (FCG) on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice. The mice were divided into five groups: untreated Balb/c mice; AD control (NC/Nga mice); FCGH (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg fermented C. gladiata water extract); FCG30 (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg of fermented C. gladiata 30% ethanol extract), and FCG80 (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg of fermented C. gladiata 80% ethanol extract). We found increases in the nonessential amino acids and essential amino acid in the FCG compared with the non-FCG. FCG attenuated macroscopic and histopathological changes in dorsal skin of mice when compared with the AD control group. The FCG30 and FCG80 groups, in particular, showed significant decreases in scratching episodes when compared with the AD control group. FCG improved immune responses, including increases in IgE and histamine for AD, through attenuation of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We suggest that FCG may have benefits for improvement of AD function by improving the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines and by producing anti-inflammatory effects. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

The Pathways to Advancement Project: How States Can Expand Postsecondary Educational Opportunities for Working Adults. Issue Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mazzeo, Christopher; Strawn, Julie; Roberts, Brandon

2009-01-01

The Pathways to Advancement initiative was launched by the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) to help governors and their policy advisors examine options and develop strategies for expanding working adults' access to and completion of postsecondary education. In September 2003, the NGA Center issued a request for…

Nga Manu Korero: Revitalizing Communication, Customs and Cultural Competencies amongst Maori Students, Teachers, Whanau and Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tinirau, Rawiri; Gillies, Annemarie

2013-01-01

The Nga Manu Speech Contest has grown to be one of the biggest and most positive events for New Zealand secondary school students where competitors articulate their thoughts and aspirations in both Maori and English. The contest is acknowledged as an avenue that enhances language and cultural development amongst Maori youth, yet no formal…

Kinetic sensitivity of a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical: Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vera, D.R.; Woodle, E.S.; Stadalnik, R.C.

1989-09-01

Kinetic sensitivity is the ability of a physiochemical parameter to alter the time-activity curve of a radiotracer. The kinetic sensitivity of liver and blood time-activity data resulting from a single bolus injection of ({sup 99m}Tc)galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (( Tc)NGA) into healthy pigs was examined. Three parameters, hepatic plasma flow scaled as flow per plasma volume, ligand-receptor affinity, and total receptor concentration, were tested using (Tc)NGA injections of various molar doses and affinities. Simultaneous measurements of plasma volume (iodine-125 human serum albumin dilution), and hepatic plasma flow (indocyanine green extraction) were performed during 12 (Tc)NGA studies. Paired data sets demonstrated differences (P(chi v2)more » less than 0.01) in liver and blood time-activity curves in response to changes in each of the tested parameters. We conclude that the (Tc)NGA radiopharmacokinetic system is therefore sensitive to hepatic plasma flow, ligand-receptor affinity, and receptor concentration. In vivo demonstration of kinetic sensitivity permits delineation of the physiologic parameters that determine the biodistribution of a radiopharmaceutical. This delineation is a prerequisite to a valid analytic assessment of receptor biochemistry via kinetic modeling.« less

Applicability of the site fundamental frequency as a VS30 proxy for Central and Eastern North America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassani, B.; Atkinson, G. M.

2015-12-01

One of the most important issues in developing accurate ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) is the effective use of limited regional site information in developing a site effects model. In modern empirical GMPE models site effects are usually characterized by simplified parameters that describe the overall near-surface effects on input ground-motion shaking. The most common site effects parameter is the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30), which has been used in the Next Generation Attenuation-West (NGA-West) and NGA-East GMPEs, and is widely used in building code applications. For the NGA-East GMPE database, only 6% of the stations have measured VS30 values, while the rest have proxy-based VS30 values. Proxy-based VS30 values are derived from a weighted average of different proxies' estimates such as topographic slope and surface geology proxies. For the proxy-based approaches, the uncertainty in the estimation of Vs30 is significantly higher (~0.25, log10 units) than that for stations with measured VS30(0.04, log10 units); this translates into error in site amplification and hence increased ground motion variability. We introduce a new VS30 proxy as a function of the site fundamental frequency (fpeak) using the NGA-East database, and show that fpeak is a particularly effective proxy for sites in central and eastern North America We first use horizontal to vertical spectra ratios (H/V) of 5%-damped pseudo spectral acceleration (PSA) to find the fpeak values for the recording stations. We develop an fpeak-based VS30 proxy by correlating the measured VS30 values with the corresponding fpeak value. The uncertainty of the VS30 estimate using the fpeak-based model is much lower (0.14, log10 units) than that for the proxy-based methods used in the NGA-East database (0.25 log10 units). The results of this study can be used to recalculate the VS30 values more accurately for stations with known fpeak values (23% of the stations), and potentially reduce the overall variability of the developed NGA-East GMPE models.

Problem solving with genetic algorithms and Splicer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bayer, Steven E.; Wang, Lui

1991-01-01

Genetic algorithms are highly parallel, adaptive search procedures (i.e., problem-solving methods) loosely based on the processes of population genetics and Darwinian survival of the fittest. Genetic algorithms have proven useful in domains where other optimization techniques perform poorly. The main purpose of the paper is to discuss a NASA-sponsored software development project to develop a general-purpose tool for using genetic algorithms. The tool, called Splicer, can be used to solve a wide variety of optimization problems and is currently available from NASA and COSMIC. This discussion is preceded by an introduction to basic genetic algorithm concepts and a discussion of genetic algorithm applications.

Effect of Mouse Strain in a Model of Chemical-induced Respiratory Allergy

PubMed Central

Nishino, Risako; Fukuyama, Tomoki; Watanabe, Yuko; Kurosawa, Yoshimi; Ueda, Hideo; Kosaka, Tadashi

2014-01-01

The inhalation of many types of chemicals is a leading cause of allergic respiratory diseases, and effective protocols are needed for the detection of environmental chemical–related respiratory allergies. In our previous studies, we developed a method for detecting environmental chemical–related respiratory allergens by using a long-term sensitization–challenge protocol involving BALB/c mice. In the current study, we sought to improve our model by characterizing strain-associated differences in respiratory allergic reactions to the well-known chemical respiratory allergen glutaraldehyde (GA). According to our protocol, BALB/c, NC/Nga, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6N, and CBA/J mice were sensitized dermally with GA for 3 weeks and then challenged with intratracheal or inhaled GA at 2 weeks after the last sensitization. The day after the final challenge, all mice were euthanized, and total serum IgE levels were assayed. In addition, immunocyte counts, cytokine production, and chemokine levels in the hilar lymph nodes (LNs) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were also assessed. In conclusion, BALB/c and NC/Nga mice demonstrated markedly increased IgE reactions. Inflammatory cell counts in BALF were increased in the treated groups of all strains, especially BALB/c, NC/Nga, and CBA/J strains. Cytokine levels in LNs were increased in all treated groups except for C3H/HeN and were particularly high in BALB/c and NC/Nga mice. According to our results, we suggest that BALB/c and NC/Nga are highly susceptible to respiratory allergic responses and therefore are good candidates for use in our model for detecting environmental chemical respiratory allergens. PMID:25048268

Effect of mouse strain in a model of chemical-induced respiratory allergy.

PubMed

Nishino, Risako; Fukuyama, Tomoki; Watanabe, Yuko; Kurosawa, Yoshimi; Ueda, Hideo; Kosaka, Tadashi

2014-01-01

The inhalation of many types of chemicals is a leading cause of allergic respiratory diseases, and effective protocols are needed for the detection of environmental chemical-related respiratory allergies. In our previous studies, we developed a method for detecting environmental chemical-related respiratory allergens by using a long-term sensitization-challenge protocol involving BALB/c mice. In the current study, we sought to improve our model by characterizing strain-associated differences in respiratory allergic reactions to the well-known chemical respiratory allergen glutaraldehyde (GA). According to our protocol, BALB/c, NC/Nga, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6N, and CBA/J mice were sensitized dermally with GA for 3 weeks and then challenged with intratracheal or inhaled GA at 2 weeks after the last sensitization. The day after the final challenge, all mice were euthanized, and total serum IgE levels were assayed. In addition, immunocyte counts, cytokine production, and chemokine levels in the hilar lymph nodes (LNs) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were also assessed. In conclusion, BALB/c and NC/Nga mice demonstrated markedly increased IgE reactions. Inflammatory cell counts in BALF were increased in the treated groups of all strains, especially BALB/c, NC/Nga, and CBA/J strains. Cytokine levels in LNs were increased in all treated groups except for C3H/HeN and were particularly high in BALB/c and NC/Nga mice. According to our results, we suggest that BALB/c and NC/Nga are highly susceptible to respiratory allergic responses and therefore are good candidates for use in our model for detecting environmental chemical respiratory allergens.

Ameliorating effect of Yokukansan on the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions and scratching behavior in socially isolated NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Funakushi, Naoko; Yamaguchi, Takuji; Jiang, Ju; Imamura, Sachiko; Kuhara, Takatoshi; Suto, Hajime; Ueki, Rie; Kase, Yoshio; Kobayashi, Hiroyuki; Ogawa, Hideoki; Ikeda, Shigaku

2011-11-01

Yokukansan (YKS) has been used in Japan as a remedy for neurosis, insomnia, and children with night crying. In a previous study, we reported that YKS controls scratching behavior and inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like lesions in NC/Nga mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of YKS on the development of AD-like lesions in socially isolated NC/Nga mice compared with the effects of fexofenadine and elucidated the mechanism of the ameliorating effect of YKS on the skin lesions. Ten-week-old male NC/Nga mice were divided into three groups (n = 5/group): the conventional control, the YKS-treated, and the fexofenadine-treated groups, and were kept isolated under conventional conditions for 6 weeks. Measurements were made of dermatitis scores and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scratching and grooming behaviors. Immunohistochemistry and mRNA levels were also evaluated. We performed similar experiments under specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions that served as a SPF control. YKS and fexofenadine inhibited the aggravation of skin lesions and decreased TEWL, but only YKS decreased the numbers of scratching and pathologic grooming behaviors. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR revealed that N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression was increased in the skin of conventional control mice and was decreased in YKS-treated mice. Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) mRNA levels were decreased in the skin of conventional control mice and were increased in YKS-treated mice. The results indicate that YKS ameliorates AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice through a mechanism distinct from that of fexofenadine. Furthermore, the effects of YKS are suggested to be mediated via glutamate signaling in the skin lesions.

Comparing Low-Frequency Earthquakes During Triggered and Ambient Tremor in Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alvarado Lara, F., Sr.; Ledezma, C., Sr.

2014-12-01

In South America, larger magnitude seismic events originate in the subduction zone between the Nazca and Continental plates, as opposed to crustal events. Crustal seismic events are important in areas very close to active fault lines; however, seismic hazard analyses incorporate crust events related to a maximum distance from the site under study. In order to use crustal events as part of a seismic hazard analysis, it is necessary to use the attenuation relationships which represent the seismic behavior of the site under study. Unfortunately, in South America the amount of compiled crustal event historical data is not yet sufficient to generate a firm regional attenuation relationship. In the absence of attenuation relationships for crustal earthquakes in the region, the conventional approach is to use attenuation relationships from other regions which have a large amount of compiled data and which have similar seismic conditions to the site under study. This practice permits the development of seismic hazard analysis work with a certain margin of accuracy. In South America, in the engineering practice, new generation attenuation relationships (NGA-W) are used among other alternatives in order to incorporate the effect of crustal events in a seismic hazard analysis. In 2014, the NGA-W Version 2 (NGA-W2) was presented with a database containing information from Taiwan, Turkey, Iran, USA, Mexico, Japan, and Alaska. This paper examines whether it is acceptable to utilize the NGA-W2 in seismic hazard analysis in South America. A comparison between response spectrums of the seismic risk prepared in accordance with NGA-W2 and actual response spectrums of crustal events from Argentina is developed in order to support the examination. The seismic data were gathered from equipment installed in the cities of Santiago, Chile and Mendoza, Argentina.

Genetic algorithms using SISAL parallel programming language

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tejada, S.

1994-05-06

Genetic algorithms are a mathematical optimization technique developed by John Holland at the University of Michigan [1]. The SISAL programming language possesses many of the characteristics desired to implement genetic algorithms. SISAL is a deterministic, functional programming language which is inherently parallel. Because SISAL is functional and based on mathematical concepts, genetic algorithms can be efficiently translated into the language. Several of the steps involved in genetic algorithms, such as mutation, crossover, and fitness evaluation, can be parallelized using SISAL. In this paper I will l discuss the implementation and performance of parallel genetic algorithms in SISAL.

75 FR 15424 - Commission Information Collection Activities (FERC-538, FERC-539, FERC-577, FERC-606, and FERC...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-29

... Natural Gas Act (NGA) (Pub. L. 75-688) (15 U.S.C. 717-717w), upon application by a local distribution... the Commission to direct the natural gas pipeline company to render (such as a request to direct a...-539. Section 3 of the Natural Gas Act (NGA) (Pub. L. 75-688) (15 U.S.C. 717-717w) provides, in part...

Measuring functioning hepatocytes using Tc-99m galactosylneoglycoalbumin (Tc-NGA)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stadalnik, R.C.; Vera, D.R.; Quadro, R.E.

1984-01-01

Tc-NGA is a synthetic ligand which binds only to hepatic binding protein (HBP), a receptor found only in the liver. It exhibits the properties of high tissue specificity, affinity-dependent uptake, and dose-dependent uptake. Tc-NGA provides an opportunity to study the functioning hepatocyte. The authors evaluated the usefulness of this technique in patients with hepatitis and hepatoma. After intravenous administration of 5 mCi Tc-NGA, dynamic images were acquired for 30 minutes followed by static views. Estimates of HBP concentrations were obtained by kinetic analysis of blood and liver time-activity curves. Kinetic estimates (reduced chi-squares < 3.0) of HBP correlated well withmore » the clinical course and histology. For example, a patient with hepatoma whose calculated receptor population (functioning hepatocytes) was 3.0 +- 0.9 x 10/sup -7/ mole, which is the normal range, is doing well undergoing chemotherapy. Liver biopsy demonstrated normal liver tissue except for the hepatoma. Another patient with hepatoma who had a severely depressed receptor population, 1.2 +- 0.2 x 10/sup -8/ mole, expired one week after the study. Liver biopsy demonstrated practically no normal tissue. Thus, by means of a complementary, receptor radiopharmaceutical and mathematical model, one should be able to quantitatively follow hepatocyte function and predict response to a therapeutic regimen.« less

Pulmonary exposure to diesel exhaust particles induces airway inflammation and cytokine expression in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Inoue, Ken-ichiro; Takano, Hirohisa; Yanagisawa, Rie; Ichinose, Takamichi; Shimada, Akinori; Yoshikawa, Toshikazu

2005-10-01

Although several studies have reported that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) affect cardiorespiratory health in animals and humans, the effect of DEP on animal models with spontaneous allergic disorders has been far less intensively studied. The Nc/Nga mouse is known to be a typical animal model for human atopic dermatitis (AD). In the present study, we investigated the effects of repeated pulmonary exposure to DEP on airway inflammation and cytokine expression in NC/Nga mice. The animals were randomized into two experimental groups that received vehicle or DEP by intratracheal instillation weekly for six weeks. Cellular profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and expressions of cytokines and chemokines in both the BAL fluid and lung tissues were evaluated 24 h after the last instillation. The DEP challenge produced an increase in the numbers of total cells, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells in BAL fluid as compared to the vehicle challenge (P<0.01). DEP exposure significantly induced the lung expressions of interleukin (IL)-4, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha when compared to the vehicle challenge. These results indicate that intratracheal exposure to DEP induces the recruitment of inflammatory cells, at least partially, through the local expression of IL-4 and chemokines in NC/Nga mice.

Functional polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa aqueous extract inhibit atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Park, Hyeon Soo; Hwang, Yong Hyeon; Kim, Mun Ki; Hong, Gyeong Eun; Lee, Ho Jeong; Nagappan, Arulkumar; Yumnam, Silvia; Kim, Eun Hee; Heo, Jeong Doo; Lee, Sang Joon; Won, Chung Kil; Kim, Gon Sup

2015-01-01

Grifola frondosa (GF), distributed widely in far east Asia including Korea, is popularly used as traditional medicines and health supplementary foods, especially for enhancing the immune functions of the body. To extend the application of GF polysaccharides (GFP) for atopic dermatitis (AD), we investigated the effects of GFP on the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD-like skin lesion in NC/Nga mice. GFP treatment significantly reduced the dorsa skin dermatitis score and combination treatment with GFP, and dexamethasone has a synergistic effect in AD-like skin lesion by reduced Serum IgE, mast cells infiltration, and cytokines expression. These results indicate that GFP suppressed the AD-like skin lesions by controlling the Th-1/Th-2-type cytokines in NC/Nga mice. These findings strongly suggest that GFP can be useful for AD patients as a novel therapeutic agent and might be used for corticosteroids replacement or supplement agent.

Exploring the Origin of Kinematically Irregular Galaxies with MaNGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stark, David Vincent; Bundy, Kevin; Westfall, Kyle; Bershady, Matthew; Cheung, Edmond; Soler, Juan; Brinchmann, Jarle; Abraham, Roberto; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Masters, Karen; Weijmans, Anne-Marie; Chen, Yanmei; Jin, Yifei; Drory, Niv; Lopes, Alexandre Roman; Law, David

2018-01-01

Deviations from normal rotation in galaxies may have a number of potential drivers, including tidal interactions, gas inflows/outflows, spiral structure, bar/oval distortions, or other internally generated instabilities. Thanks to new massive IFU surveys like MaNGA, we can now characterize the gas and stellar kinematics of thousands of galaxies in the local universe, enabling statistical analyses on the frequency of disturbed kinematics, their origin, and their impact on their host galaxies. We present a census of kinematics in MaNGA using a modified version of the Radon transform to map radial variations in kinematic position angles (PA). We discuss the frequency of kinematically irregular disks, and describe commonly observed patterns in radial PA profiles. In order to constrain the drivers of these kinematic signatures, we analyze how they correlate with galaxy mass, environment, star formation history, and gas-phase metallicity.

Star formation history of the galaxy merger Mrk848 with SDSS-IV MaNGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Fang-Ting; Shen, Shiyin; Hao, Lei; Fernandez, Maria Argudo

2017-03-01

With the 3D data of SDSS-IV MaNGA (Bundy et al. 2015) spectra and multi-wavelength SED modeling, we expect to have a better understanding of the distribution of dust, gas and star formation of galaxy mergers. For a case study of the merging galaxy Mrk848, we use both UV-to-IR broadband SED and the MaNGA integral field spectroscopy to obtain its star formation histories at the tail and core regions. From the SED fitting and full spectral fitting, we find that the star formation in the tail regions are affected by the interaction earlier than the core regions. The core regions show apparently two times of star formation and a strong burst within 500Myr, indicating the recent star formation is triggered by the interaction. The star formation histories derived from these two methods are basically consistent.

Optimal Design of Passive Power Filters Based on Pseudo-parallel Genetic Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Pei; Li, Hongbo; Gao, Nannan; Niu, Lin; Guo, Liangfeng; Pei, Ying; Zhang, Yanyan; Xu, Minmin; Chen, Kerui

2017-05-01

The economic costs together with filter efficiency are taken as targets to optimize the parameter of passive filter. Furthermore, the method of combining pseudo-parallel genetic algorithm with adaptive genetic algorithm is adopted in this paper. In the early stages pseudo-parallel genetic algorithm is introduced to increase the population diversity, and adaptive genetic algorithm is used in the late stages to reduce the workload. At the same time, the migration rate of pseudo-parallel genetic algorithm is improved to change with population diversity adaptively. Simulation results show that the filter designed by the proposed method has better filtering effect with lower economic cost, and can be used in engineering.

The Role of Proteasome Inhibitor MG132 in 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Ohkusu-Tsukada, Kozo; Ito, Daiki; Takahashi, Kimimasa

2018-01-01

Although immunosuppressants for therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD) are still being sought, proteasome inhibitors are also potential candidates for the treatment of AD. Proteasome inhibitors exert various effects by blocking proteasomal degradation and help regulate processes such as apoptosis induction via caspase-9, cell cycle progression via cyclins, NF-κB inactivation via IκB, and downregulation of antigen cross-presentation. The cells targeted by proteasome inhibitors are therefore activated cells undergoing proliferation or differentiation, and antigen-presenting cells carrying out protein degradation. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and side effects of a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, on the treatment of AD. AD-like disease in NC/Nga mice housed under specific pathogen-free conditions was induced by repeated application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Disease progression was evaluated by inflammation score, histopathology, and serum IgE level, and the effects of systemic MG132 administration were investigated. The percentages and absolute numbers for each population of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in the axillary lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. DNFB application increased the expression of a unique major histocompatibility complex class I mutant molecule D/Ldm7 in dendritic cells (DCs), and increased Th1 and Th17 cells in NC/Nga mice. In vivo MG132 administration to NC/Nga mice with DNFB-induced dermatitis reduced Th17 cells but maintained the level of Th1 cells, resulting in the alleviation of dermatitis lesions by decreasing both serum IgE hyperproduction and mast cell migration. To understand the mechanisms maintaining Th1 cell levels following in vivo MG132-administration, we focused on the role of proteasomes regulating D/Ldm7 expression. Interestingly, 20S proteasome activity was higher in NC/Nga DCs than in BALB/c DCs. In vitro MG132 administration partially increased D/Ldm7 expression in a dose-dependent manner during DC maturation, and induced IFN-γ production from autoreactive CD8+ T cells but not from CD4+ T cells following coculturing with D/Ldm7-upregulated DCs. Although MG132 administration temporarily alleviated AD pathogenesis in NC/Nga mice, prolonged MG132 treatment may result in immunopathogenesis leading to chronic AD due to its side effect of maintaining Th1 levels via autoreactive CD8+ T cells. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Tapawha, Key Competencies and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. From Idea to Application. "No te Whakaro ka mahia, He Tumomo Aromatawai Ko te Arotahi, Ko Nga Ahua Tapawha me nga Pukenga Matua"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilmore, Gwen; Waru, Hohepa

2012-01-01

This paper discusses the use of a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in the context of a Youth Justice Residential school setting in New Zealand (NZ). The school does not currently have a method of screening for educational purposes and, more specifically, key competencies. The use of the SDQ as a tool to support the educational…

Dimerized Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein-Binding Peptide Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Jin, Xing-Hai; Lim, Juhyeon; Shin, Dong Hae; Maeng, Jeehye; Lee, Kyunglim

2017-01-26

Our previous study showed that dimerized translationally controlled tumor protein (dTCTP) plays a role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. A 7-mer peptide, called dTCTP-binding peptide 2 (dTBP2), binds to dTCTP and inhibits its cytokine-like effects. We therefore examined the protective effects of dTBP2 in house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in Nishiki-nezumi Cinnamon/Nagoya (NC/Nga) mice. We found that topical administration of dTBP2 significantly reduced the AD-like skin lesions formation and mast cell infiltration in NC/Nga mice, similarly to the response seen in the Protopic (tacrolimus)-treated group. Treatment with dTBP2 also decreased the serum levels of IgE and reduced IL-17A content in skin lesions and inhibited the expression of mRNAs of interleukin IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). These findings indicate that dTBP2 not only inhibits the release of Th2 cytokine but also suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines in AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, by inhibiting TCTP dimer, in allergic responses. Therefore, dTCTP is a therapeutic target for AD and dTBP2 appears to have a potential role in the treatment of AD.

THE NGA-DOE GRANT TO EXAMINE CRITICAL ISSUES RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND MATERIALS DISPOSITION INVOLVING DOE FACILITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ethan W. Brown

2001-09-01

Through the National Governors' Association (NGA) project ''Critical Issues Related to Radioactive Waste and Materials Disposition Involving DOE Facilities'' NGA brings together Governors' policy advisors, state regulators, and DOE officials to examine critical issues related to the cleanup and operation of DOE nuclear weapons and research facilities. Topics explored through this project include: Decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials. Decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities. Strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect on individual sites inmore » the complex. Changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in the Department's Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure plan and contractor integration analysis. Interstate waste and materials shipments. Reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes. The overarching theme of this project is to help the Department improve coordination of its major program decisions with Governors' offices and state regulators and to ensure such decisions reflect input from these key state officials and stakeholders. This report summarizes activities conducted during the period from April 1, 2001 through June 30, 2001, under the NGA grant.« less

The Genome-Wide Expression Profile of Saussurea lappa Extract on House Dust Mite-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Nc/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Lim, Hye-Sun; Ha, Hyekyung; Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo; Jeong, Soo-Jin

2015-09-01

Saussurea lappa has been reported to possess anti-atopic properties. In this study, we have confirmed the S. lappa's anti-atopic properties in Nc/Nga mice and investigated the candidate gene related with its properties using microarray. We determined the target gene using real time PCR in in vitro experiment. S. lappa showed the significant reduction in atopic dermatitis (AD) score and immunoglobulin E compared with the AD induced Nc/Nga mice. In the results of microarray using back skin obtained from animals, we found that S. lappa's properties are closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Consistent with the microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed these modulation at the mRNA level in skin tissues from S. lappa-treated mice. Among these genes, PI3Kca and IL20Rβ were significantly downregulated by S. lappa treatment in Nc/Nga mouse model. In in vitro experiment using HaCaT cells, we found that the S. lappa components, including alantolactone, caryophyllene, costic acid, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone significantly decreased the expression of PI3Kca but not IL20Rβ in vitro. Therefore, our study suggests that PI3Kca-related signaling is closely related with the protective effects of S. lappa against the development of atopic-dermatitis.

G/SPLINES: A hybrid of Friedman's Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) algorithm with Holland's genetic algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, David

1991-01-01

G/SPLINES are a hybrid of Friedman's Multivariable Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) algorithm with Holland's Genetic Algorithm. In this hybrid, the incremental search is replaced by a genetic search. The G/SPLINE algorithm exhibits performance comparable to that of the MARS algorithm, requires fewer least squares computations, and allows significantly larger problems to be considered.

Comparison of genetic algorithms with conjugate gradient methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bosworth, J. L.; Foo, N. Y.; Zeigler, B. P.

1972-01-01

Genetic algorithms for mathematical function optimization are modeled on search strategies employed in natural adaptation. Comparisons of genetic algorithms with conjugate gradient methods, which were made on an IBM 1800 digital computer, show that genetic algorithms display superior performance over gradient methods for functions which are poorly behaved mathematically, for multimodal functions, and for functions obscured by additive random noise. Genetic methods offer performance comparable to gradient methods for many of the standard functions.

Software For Genetic Algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Lui; Bayer, Steve E.

1992-01-01

SPLICER computer program is genetic-algorithm software tool used to solve search and optimization problems. Provides underlying framework and structure for building genetic-algorithm application program. Written in Think C.

New knowledge-based genetic algorithm for excavator boom structural optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hua, Haiyan; Lin, Shuwen

2014-03-01

Due to the insufficiency of utilizing knowledge to guide the complex optimal searching, existing genetic algorithms fail to effectively solve excavator boom structural optimization problem. To improve the optimization efficiency and quality, a new knowledge-based real-coded genetic algorithm is proposed. A dual evolution mechanism combining knowledge evolution with genetic algorithm is established to extract, handle and utilize the shallow and deep implicit constraint knowledge to guide the optimal searching of genetic algorithm circularly. Based on this dual evolution mechanism, knowledge evolution and population evolution can be connected by knowledge influence operators to improve the configurability of knowledge and genetic operators. Then, the new knowledge-based selection operator, crossover operator and mutation operator are proposed to integrate the optimal process knowledge and domain culture to guide the excavator boom structural optimization. Eight kinds of testing algorithms, which include different genetic operators, are taken as examples to solve the structural optimization of a medium-sized excavator boom. By comparing the results of optimization, it is shown that the algorithm including all the new knowledge-based genetic operators can more remarkably improve the evolutionary rate and searching ability than other testing algorithms, which demonstrates the effectiveness of knowledge for guiding optimal searching. The proposed knowledge-based genetic algorithm by combining multi-level knowledge evolution with numerical optimization provides a new effective method for solving the complex engineering optimization problem.

Mortality in the British printing industry: a historical cohort study of trade union members in Manchester.

PubMed Central

Leon, D A

1994-01-01

A historical cohort study of the printing industry was established after an anecdotal report of a cluster of cases of bladder cancer in a newspaper factory in Manchester. The cohort comprised some 9500 men who were members of one or other of two trade unions (the NGA and NATSOPA) in the Manchester area between 1949 and 1963. During the follow up period (1949-83) 3482 deaths occurred among men born in 1890 or later; follow up was 97% complete. The results of the study do not support the hypothesis of an occupational risk of bladder cancer in the printing industry. The NGA have a standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 63 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 31-113) and NATSOPA an SMR of 113 (95% CI 67-178) based on 11 and 18 deaths from bladder cancer, respectively. Men involved in newspaper letterpress printing have a high mortality from lung cancer (SMR = 179, 95% CI 144-218) that is consistent with the findings of previous studies. Increased mortality from cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx was found for NATSOPA workers in the newspaper industry; editorial workers had an SMR of 1053 (95% CI 128-3803) and clerical workers had an SMR of 638 (95% CI 132-1864). This is consistent with a review of published studies, which strongly suggest that workers in the printing industry have an increased risk of mortality from cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx. Socioeconomic differences in union composition, rather than occupational factors, may account for the lower mortality in the NGA compared with NATSOPA. The NGA, a craft union, had an all causes SMR of 92 (95% CI 88-97), whereas NATSOPA covered a broader span of occupations and skill levels, and had an all causes SMR of 112 (95% CI 106-117); the NATSOPA and NGA all causes rate ratio was 1.21 (95% CI 1.13-1,29). PMID:8111468

Toxoplasma gondii Infection Suppresses House Dust Mite Extract-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Jeong, Young Il; Hong, Sung Hee; Cho, Shin Hyeong; Lee, Won Ja; Lee, Sang Eun

2015-11-01

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects humans and animals via congenital or postnatal routes, and it is found worldwide. Modulation of the immune system by parasite infection is proposed to suppress allergic inflammation. Growing evidences have shown that interleukin (IL)-10-producing regulatory B cells (B(regs)) and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (T(regs)) induced by parasite infection play a critical role in allergic or autoimmune diseases because these cells regulate negatively cellular immune responses and inflammation. Currently, the role of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in host immune response during T. gondii infection is unknown. In this study, we investigate whether T. gondii infection can suppress the development of unrelated atopic dermatitis (AD)-like lesions. AD is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease accompanied by severe itching; for this, we used NC/Nga mice, a well-known experimental model of systemic AD. Repeated exposure to Dermatophagoides farinae crude extract (DfE), known as a major environmental allergen, evokes AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice under specific pathogen-free conditions. NC/Nga mice were intraperitoneally infected with 10 cysts of T. gondii. T. gondii infection significantly ameliorated AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. The subpopulation of B(regs) and T(regs) in the AD mice was expanded in the course of T. gondii infection. In addition, T. gondii infection inhibited Th2 and enhanced Th1 immune response in the DfE-treated AD mice. We have experimentally demonstrated for the first time that T. gondii infection ameliorated AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model of AD. Our study could in part explain the mechanisms of how parasite infection prevents the development of allergic disorder. Therefore, these immunemechanisms induced by T. gondii infection may be beneficial for the host in terms of reduced risk of allergic immune reactions.

Topical Application of Josamycin Inhibits Development of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Matsui, Katsuhiko; Tachioka, Kanta; Onodera, Kei; Ikeda, Reiko

2017-01-01

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have superficial skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and an increased number of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in their peripheral blood. Our previous study showed that josamycin, a macrolide antibiotic, had excellent bactericidal activity against S. aureus strains isolated from AD patients and simultaneously inhibited Th1 and Th2 cell development mediated by Langerhans cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of topical application of josamycin on AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Josamycin (0.1%) was topically administered to NC/Nga mice with AD-like skin lesions induced by 2, 4, 6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB). The therapeutic effects of josamycin were assessed by measurement of the skin severity scores, histological changes in the lesioned skin, serum levels of total IgE, and expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 in lymph nodes and skin lesions. Topical treatment with josamycin significantly suppressed the increase in the skin severity score in NC/Nga mice. This suppressive effect was equal to that of betamethasone, and was associated with a decrease in the density of cellular infiltration into the dermis, the mast cell count in the dermis and the serum IgE level. Furthermore, topical application of josamycin reduced the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in auricular lymph node cells and the skin lesions. The present results show that topical application of josamycin inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. This suggests that topical application of josamycin to AD lesions colonized by S. aureus would be beneficial for control of AD by acting on superficially located S. aureus and by inhibiting the development of Th1 and Th2 cells.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.

A constant stress-drop model for producing broadband synthetic seismograms: Comparison with the next generation attenuation relations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Frankel, A.

2009-01-01

Broadband (0.1-20 Hz) synthetic seismograms for finite-fault sources were produced for a model where stress drop is constant with seismic moment to see if they can match the magnitude dependence and distance decay of response spectral amplitudes found in the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) relations recently developed from strong-motion data of crustal earthquakes in tectonically active regions. The broadband synthetics were constructed for earthquakes of M 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 by combining deterministic synthetics for plane-layered models at low frequencies with stochastic synthetics at high frequencies. The stochastic portion used a source model where the Brune stress drop of 100 bars is constant with seismic moment. The deterministic synthetics were calculated using an average slip velocity, and hence, dynamic stress drop, on the fault that is uniform with magnitude. One novel aspect of this procedure is that the transition frequency between the deterministic and stochastic portions varied with magnitude, so that the transition frequency is inversely related to the rise time of slip on the fault. The spectral accelerations at 0.2, 1.0, and 3.0 sec periods from the synthetics generally agreed with those from the set of NGA relations for M 5.5-7.5 for distances of 2-100 km. At distances of 100-200 km some of the NGA relations for 0.2 sec spectral acceleration were substantially larger than the values of the synthetics for M 7.5 and M 6.5 earthquakes because these relations do not have a term accounting for Q. At 3 and 5 sec periods, the synthetics for M 7.5 earthquakes generally had larger spectral accelerations than the NGA relations, although there was large scatter in the results from the synthetics. The synthetics showed a sag in response spectra at close-in distances for M 5.5 between 0.3 and 0.7 sec that is not predicted from the NGA relations.

Therapeutic effects of combination using glucosamine plus tacrolimus (FK-506) on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, C-H; Cheong, K A; Park, C D; Lee, A-Y

2012-05-01

Tacrolimus (FK-506) has been found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects on spontaneously developed dermatitis. We previously showed that glucosamine prevents the development of Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. The aims of our study were to investigate the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of combination of glucosamine plus FK-506 in dermatophagoides farina (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice and to determine the underlying therapeutic mechanisms. The Df-induced NC/Nga mice with a clinical score of 8 were used for treatment with glucosamine (500 mg/kg) alone, FK-506 (1.0 mg/kg) or in combination. The synergistic effects of combination therapy were evaluated by dermatitis scores, skin histology and immunological parameters such as IgE, Th2-mediated cytokines and chemokines, CD3(+) T cells and CLA(+) T cells. Combined therapy using glucosamine plus FK-506 improved the development of AD-like skin lesions as exemplified by a significant decrease in total skin symptom severity scores. The suppression of dermatitis by combined therapy was accompanied by a decrease in the plasma level of IgE and in the splenic level of IL-5, IL-13, TARC and eotaxin. Histological finding indicated that the dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells including mast cells and eosinophils was greatly reduced. Particularly, immunohistological evaluation reveals a reduction in CD3(+) T cells and CLA(+) cells in the combined therapy. Our findings suggest that combination therapy of glucosamine plus FK-506 was more synergistic efficacy than single-modality treatment with either alone to improve the development of established dermatitis in NC/Nga mice model. This combined immunosuppressive therapy may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. © 2011 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Ensemble of hybrid genetic algorithm for two-dimensional phase unwrapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balakrishnan, D.; Quan, C.; Tay, C. J.

2013-06-01

The phase unwrapping is the final and trickiest step in any phase retrieval technique. Phase unwrapping by artificial intelligence methods (optimization algorithms) such as hybrid genetic algorithm, reverse simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization, minimum cost matching showed better results than conventional phase unwrapping methods. In this paper, Ensemble of hybrid genetic algorithm with parallel populations is proposed to solve the branch-cut phase unwrapping problem. In a single populated hybrid genetic algorithm, the selection, cross-over and mutation operators are applied to obtain new population in every generation. The parameters and choice of operators will affect the performance of the hybrid genetic algorithm. The ensemble of hybrid genetic algorithm will facilitate to have different parameters set and different choice of operators simultaneously. Each population will use different set of parameters and the offspring of each population will compete against the offspring of all other populations, which use different set of parameters. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm is demonstrated by phase unwrapping examples and advantages of the proposed method are discussed.

Mobile robot dynamic path planning based on improved genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yong; Zhou, Heng; Wang, Ying

2017-08-01

In dynamic unknown environment, the dynamic path planning of mobile robots is a difficult problem. In this paper, a dynamic path planning method based on genetic algorithm is proposed, and a reward value model is designed to estimate the probability of dynamic obstacles on the path, and the reward value function is applied to the genetic algorithm. Unique coding techniques reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. The fitness function of the genetic algorithm fully considers three factors: the security of the path, the shortest distance of the path and the reward value of the path. The simulation results show that the proposed genetic algorithm is efficient in all kinds of complex dynamic environments.

Information Mining Technologies to Enable Discovery of Actionable Intelligence to Facilitate Maritime Situational Awareness: I-MINE

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

website). Data mining tools are in-house code developed in Python, C++ and Java . • NGA The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) performs data...as PostgreSQL (with PostGIS), MySQL , Microsoft SQL Server, SQLite, etc. using the appropriate JDBC driver. 14 The documentation and ease to learn are...written in Java that is able to perform various types of regressions, classi- fications, and other data mining tasks. There is also a commercial version

Quarterly report for the NGA FFCA project, April 1, 1994--June 30, 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1994-12-31

Summaries of activities and agendas of meetings related to the National Governor`s Association (NGA) Federal Facilities Compliance Act (FFCA) project are presented. The objective of this project is the management of mixed radioactive and hazardous wastes. Activities included collection and review of state work plans, coordination with the National Association of Attorneys General to identify areas of overlap in working on DOE issues related to environmental management, and the writing of task force meeting summaries for distribution.

An Efficient Rank Based Approach for Closest String and Closest Substring

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

This paper aims to present a new genetic approach that uses rank distance for solving two known NP-hard problems, and to compare rank distance with other distance measures for strings. The two NP-hard problems we are trying to solve are closest string and closest substring. For each problem we build a genetic algorithm and we describe the genetic operations involved. Both genetic algorithms use a fitness function based on rank distance. We compare our algorithms with other genetic algorithms that use different distance measures, such as Hamming distance or Levenshtein distance, on real DNA sequences. Our experiments show that the genetic algorithms based on rank distance have the best results. PMID:22675483

A hybrid genetic algorithm for resolving closely spaced objects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, R. J.; Lillo, W. E.; Schulenburg, N.

1995-01-01

A hybrid genetic algorithm is described for performing the difficult optimization task of resolving closely spaced objects appearing in space based and ground based surveillance data. This application of genetic algorithms is unusual in that it uses a powerful domain-specific operation as a genetic operator. Results of applying the algorithm to real data from telescopic observations of a star field are presented.

Genetic Algorithm Tuned Fuzzy Logic for Gliding Return Trajectories

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burchett, Bradley T.

2003-01-01

The problem of designing and flying a trajectory for successful recovery of a reusable launch vehicle is tackled using fuzzy logic control with genetic algorithm optimization. The plant is approximated by a simplified three degree of freedom non-linear model. A baseline trajectory design and guidance algorithm consisting of several Mamdani type fuzzy controllers is tuned using a simple genetic algorithm. Preliminary results show that the performance of the overall system is shown to improve with genetic algorithm tuning.

Learning Intelligent Genetic Algorithms Using Japanese Nonograms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsai, Jinn-Tsong; Chou, Ping-Yi; Fang, Jia-Cen

2012-01-01

An intelligent genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed to solve Japanese nonograms and is used as a method in a university course to learn evolutionary algorithms. The IGA combines the global exploration capabilities of a canonical genetic algorithm (CGA) with effective condensed encoding, improved fitness function, and modified crossover and…

Low Cost, High Performance Avalanche Photodiodes for Enabling High Sensitivity Bio-fluorescence Detection (First Year of a Two-year Program)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

nGaNGaNSiCSiC EE   4 When the electric field can punch through into the GaN absorption region, as illustrated in the band diagram in figure 2 (left...cr SiCSiC br GaNGaN EE EE0       SiC b SiC GaN d VE E 0 q(Vbi-Vb) GaN SiC n dSiC dGaN EGaN ESiC q(Vbi-Vb) GaN ndSiC...detector (figure 2, right). cr SiCSiCn br GaNGaN cr SiCSiC EEE   0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 EGaN El ec

Therapeutic effect of tyndallized Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 on atopic dermatitis mediated by down-regulation of immunoglobulin E in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Lee, Seung-Hun; Yoon, Jong-Min; Kim, Young-Hoo; Jeong, Dong-Gu; Park, Soobong; Kang, Dae-Jung

2016-07-01

The therapeutic effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 tyndallizate (RHT3201) on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice were investigated. After induction of dermatitis in NC/Nga mice with house-dust mite extract, each group was fed RHT3201 with 1 × 10(8) , 1 × 10(9) , or 1 × 10(10) cells orally once a day for 8 weeks. Dermatitis scores and frequency of scratching were improved by oral feeding with RHT3201. In contrast to the control group, RHT3201-fed mice showed significantly down-regulated mast cell numbers and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations had significantly less IL4 in their axillary lymph node cells. The therapeutic effect of RHT3201 was found to be dose-dependent. These findings indicate that RHT3201 has potential for treating AD. © 2016 The Societies and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

In vivo assessment of the effect of taxifolin glycoside on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions using biomedical tools in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, J Y; Lee, O S; Ha, S; Kim, J H; Park, G; Kim, J K; Oh, C H

2015-07-01

Noninvasive methods of assessment are widely used in clinical trials. However, such methods have not been established in atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. To demonstrate, using biomedical tools, the benefits of a new substance, taxifolin glycoside (TAX), in an AD model, the NC/Nga mouse. We evaluated the efficacy of topical TAX for AD by measuring clinical skin severity score, cytokine expression and serum IgE level, and by using biomedical measures (vapometry and corneometry). Topical TAX was applied to AD-induced NC/Nga mice for 3 weeks. The anti-inflammatory effects of this compound were demonstrated noninvasively using biomedical tools and immunological assays. Our method of AD assessment using biomedical tools is more objective and accurate than visual inspection. The results obtained using the biomedical tools were identical to those obtained using immunological assays. In vivo biomedical tools are useful for diagnosing and monitoring treatment effects in AD. © 2014 British Association of Dermatologists.

Genetic algorithms with memory- and elitism-based immigrants in dynamic environments.

PubMed

Yang, Shengxiang

2008-01-01

In recent years the genetic algorithm community has shown a growing interest in studying dynamic optimization problems. Several approaches have been devised. The random immigrants and memory schemes are two major ones. The random immigrants scheme addresses dynamic environments by maintaining the population diversity while the memory scheme aims to adapt genetic algorithms quickly to new environments by reusing historical information. This paper investigates a hybrid memory and random immigrants scheme, called memory-based immigrants, and a hybrid elitism and random immigrants scheme, called elitism-based immigrants, for genetic algorithms in dynamic environments. In these schemes, the best individual from memory or the elite from the previous generation is retrieved as the base to create immigrants into the population by mutation. This way, not only can diversity be maintained but it is done more efficiently to adapt genetic algorithms to the current environment. Based on a series of systematically constructed dynamic problems, experiments are carried out to compare genetic algorithms with the memory-based and elitism-based immigrants schemes against genetic algorithms with traditional memory and random immigrants schemes and a hybrid memory and multi-population scheme. The sensitivity analysis regarding some key parameters is also carried out. Experimental results show that the memory-based and elitism-based immigrants schemes efficiently improve the performance of genetic algorithms in dynamic environments.

Boiler-turbine control system design using a genetic algorithm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dimeo, R.; Lee, K.Y.

1995-12-01

This paper discusses the application of a genetic algorithm to control system design for a boiler-turbine plant. In particular the authors study the ability of the genetic algorithm to develop a proportional-integral (PI) controller and a state feedback controller for a non-linear multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) plant model. The plant model is presented along with a discussion of the inherent difficulties in such controller development. A sketch of the genetic algorithm (GA) is presented and its strategy as a method of control system design is discussed. Results are presented for two different control systems that have been designed with the genetic algorithm.

Spectrophotometric Properties of E+A Galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marinelli, Mariarosa; Dudley, Raymond; Edwards, Kay; Gonzalez, Andrea; Johnson, Amalya; Kerrison, Nicole; Melchert, Nancy; Ojanen, Winonah; Weaver, Olivia; Liu, Charles; SDSS-IV MaNGA

2018-01-01

Quenched post-starburst galaxies, or E+A galaxies, represent a unique and informative phase in the evolution of galaxies. We used a qualitative rubric-based methodology, informed by the literature, to manually select galaxies from the SDSS-IV IFU survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) using the single-fiber spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8. Of the 2,812 galaxies observed so far in MaNGA, we found 39 galaxies meeting our criteria for E+A classification. Spectral energy distributions of these 39 galaxies from the far-UV to the mid-infrared demonstrate a heterogeneity in our sample emerging in the infrared, indicating many distinct paths to visually similar optical spectra. We used SDSS-IV MaNGA Pipe3D data products to analyze stellar population ages, and found that 34 galaxies exhibited stellar populations that were older at 1 effective radius than at the center of the galaxy. Given that our sample was manually chosen based on E+A markers in the single-fiber spectra aimed at the center of each galaxy, our E+A galaxies may have only experienced their significant starbursts in the central region, with a disk of quenched or quenching material further outward. This work was supported by grants AST-1460860 from the National Science Foundation and SDSS FAST/SSP-483 from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to the CUNY College of Staten Island.

Maternal consumption of fructo-oligosaccharide diminishes the severity of skin inflammation in offspring of NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Fujiwara, Reiko; Takemura, Naoki; Watanabe, Jun; Sonoyama, Kei

2010-02-01

Strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota in infancy have been considered to prevent the development of allergic diseases later in life. We aimed to elucidate the effects of maternal dietary supplementation with a prebiotic oligosaccharide on gut microbiota and spontaneously developing atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in the offspring of NC/Nga mice. Female NC/Nga mice were fed diets either with or without fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring were fed the diets supplemented with or without fructo-oligosaccharide for 11 weeks in an air-uncontrolled conventional room. Changes in gut microbiota were assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. Skin lesions were evaluated by a clinical score and scratching behaviour. Serum antibody levels were measured by ELISA, and expression levels of cytokines and chemokines in lesional tissue were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Maternal supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharide modulated the gut microbiota in sucklings. Although maternal supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharide suppressed the increase in clinical skin severity score and scratching behaviour in offspring, dietary fructo-oligosaccharide after weaning was less effective. The diminution of skin lesions was accompanied by lower serum concentrations of total IgG1 and lower expression levels of TNF-alpha in the lesional tissue. These data suggest that maternal consumption of fructo-oligosaccharide diminishes the severity of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in the offspring of NC/Nga mice.

Method for hyperspectral imagery exploitation and pixel spectral unmixing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Ching-Fang (Inventor)

2003-01-01

An efficiently hybrid approach to exploit hyperspectral imagery and unmix spectral pixels. This hybrid approach uses a genetic algorithm to solve the abundance vector for the first pixel of a hyperspectral image cube. This abundance vector is used as initial state in a robust filter to derive the abundance estimate for the next pixel. By using Kalman filter, the abundance estimate for a pixel can be obtained in one iteration procedure which is much fast than genetic algorithm. The output of the robust filter is fed to genetic algorithm again to derive accurate abundance estimate for the current pixel. The using of robust filter solution as starting point of the genetic algorithm speeds up the evolution of the genetic algorithm. After obtaining the accurate abundance estimate, the procedure goes to next pixel, and uses the output of genetic algorithm as the previous state estimate to derive abundance estimate for this pixel using robust filter. And again use the genetic algorithm to derive accurate abundance estimate efficiently based on the robust filter solution. This iteration continues until pixels in a hyperspectral image cube end.

Genetics-based control of a mimo boiler-turbine plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dimeo, R.M.; Lee, K.Y.

1994-12-31

A genetic algorithm is used to develop an optimal controller for a non-linear, multi-input/multi-output boiler-turbine plant. The algorithm is used to train a control system for the plant over a wide operating range in an effort to obtain better performance. The results of the genetic algorithm`s controller designed from the linearized plant model at a nominal operating point. Because the genetic algorithm is well-suited to solving traditionally difficult optimization problems it is found that the algorithm is capable of developing the controller based on input/output information only. This controller achieves a performance comparable to the standard linear quadratic regulator.

Improved classification accuracy by feature extraction using genetic algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patriarche, Julia; Manduca, Armando; Erickson, Bradley J.

2003-05-01

A feature extraction algorithm has been developed for the purposes of improving classification accuracy. The algorithm uses a genetic algorithm / hill-climber hybrid to generate a set of linearly recombined features, which may be of reduced dimensionality compared with the original set. The genetic algorithm performs the global exploration, and a hill climber explores local neighborhoods. Hybridizing the genetic algorithm with a hill climber improves both the rate of convergence, and the final overall cost function value; it also reduces the sensitivity of the genetic algorithm to parameter selection. The genetic algorithm includes the operators: crossover, mutation, and deletion / reactivation - the last of these effects dimensionality reduction. The feature extractor is supervised, and is capable of deriving a separate feature space for each tissue (which are reintegrated during classification). A non-anatomical digital phantom was developed as a gold standard for testing purposes. In tests with the phantom, and with images of multiple sclerosis patients, classification with feature extractor derived features yielded lower error rates than using standard pulse sequences, and with features derived using principal components analysis. Using the multiple sclerosis patient data, the algorithm resulted in a mean 31% reduction in classification error of pure tissues.

Study of parameter identification using hybrid neural-genetic algorithm in electro-hydraulic servo system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moon, Byung-Young

2005-12-01

The hybrid neural-genetic multi-model parameter estimation algorithm was demonstrated. This method can be applied to structured system identification of electro-hydraulic servo system. This algorithms consist of a recurrent incremental credit assignment(ICRA) neural network and a genetic algorithm. The ICRA neural network evaluates each member of a generation of model and genetic algorithm produces new generation of model. To evaluate the proposed method, electro-hydraulic servo system was designed and manufactured. The experiment was carried out to figure out the hybrid neural-genetic multi-model parameter estimation algorithm. As a result, the dynamic characteristics were obtained such as the parameters(mass, damping coefficient, bulk modulus, spring coefficient), which minimize total square error. The result of this study can be applied to hydraulic systems in industrial fields.

Comparison of genetic algorithm methods for fuel management optimization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeChaine, M.D.; Feltus, M.A.

1995-12-31

The CIGARO system was developed for genetic algorithm fuel management optimization. Tests are performed to find the best fuel location swap mutation operator probability and to compare genetic algorithm to a truly random search method. Tests showed the fuel swap probability should be between 0% and 10%, and a 50% definitely hampered the optimization. The genetic algorithm performed significantly better than the random search method, which did not even satisfy the peak normalized power constraint.

Training product unit neural networks with genetic algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Janson, D. J.; Frenzel, J. F.; Thelen, D. C.

1991-01-01

The training of product neural networks using genetic algorithms is discussed. Two unusual neural network techniques are combined; product units are employed instead of the traditional summing units and genetic algorithms train the network rather than backpropagation. As an example, a neural netork is trained to calculate the optimum width of transistors in a CMOS switch. It is shown how local minima affect the performance of a genetic algorithm, and one method of overcoming this is presented.

New Results in Astrodynamics Using Genetic Algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coverstone-Carroll, V.; Hartmann, J. W.; Williams, S. N.; Mason, W. J.

1998-01-01

Generic algorithms have gained popularity as an effective procedure for obtaining solutions to traditionally difficult space mission optimization problems. In this paper, a brief survey of the use of genetic algorithms to solve astrodynamics problems is presented and is followed by new results obtained from applying a Pareto genetic algorithm to the optimization of low-thrust interplanetary spacecraft missions.

Nonlinear inversion of potential-field data using a hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chen, C.; Xia, J.; Liu, J.; Feng, G.

2006-01-01

Using a genetic algorithm to solve an inverse problem of complex nonlinear geophysical equations is advantageous because it does not require computer gradients of models or "good" initial models. The multi-point search of a genetic algorithm makes it easier to find the globally optimal solution while avoiding falling into a local extremum. As is the case in other optimization approaches, the search efficiency for a genetic algorithm is vital in finding desired solutions successfully in a multi-dimensional model space. A binary-encoding genetic algorithm is hardly ever used to resolve an optimization problem such as a simple geophysical inversion with only three unknowns. The encoding mechanism, genetic operators, and population size of the genetic algorithm greatly affect search processes in the evolution. It is clear that improved operators and proper population size promote the convergence. Nevertheless, not all genetic operations perform perfectly while searching under either a uniform binary or a decimal encoding system. With the binary encoding mechanism, the crossover scheme may produce more new individuals than with the decimal encoding. On the other hand, the mutation scheme in a decimal encoding system will create new genes larger in scope than those in the binary encoding. This paper discusses approaches of exploiting the search potential of genetic operations in the two encoding systems and presents an approach with a hybrid-encoding mechanism, multi-point crossover, and dynamic population size for geophysical inversion. We present a method that is based on the routine in which the mutation operation is conducted in the decimal code and multi-point crossover operation in the binary code. The mix-encoding algorithm is called the hybrid-encoding genetic algorithm (HEGA). HEGA provides better genes with a higher probability by a mutation operator and improves genetic algorithms in resolving complicated geophysical inverse problems. Another significant result is that final solution is determined by the average model derived from multiple trials instead of one computation due to the randomness in a genetic algorithm procedure. These advantages were demonstrated by synthetic and real-world examples of inversion of potential-field data. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aerodynamic Optimization of a Supersonic Bending Body Projectile by a Vector-Evaluated Genetic Algorithm

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

Evaluated Genetic Algorithm prepared by Justin L Paul Academy of Applied Science 24 Warren Street Concord, NH 03301 under contract W911SR...Supersonic Bending Body Projectile by a Vector-Evaluated Genetic Algorithm prepared by Justin L Paul Academy of Applied Science 24 Warren Street... Genetic Algorithm 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER W199SR-15-2-001 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Justin L Paul 5d. PROJECT

Nonlinear dynamics optimization with particle swarm and genetic algorithms for SPEAR3 emittance upgrade

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Xiaobiao; Safranek, James

2014-09-01

Nonlinear dynamics optimization is carried out for a low emittance upgrade lattice of SPEAR3 in order to improve its dynamic aperture and Touschek lifetime. Two multi-objective optimization algorithms, a genetic algorithm and a particle swarm algorithm, are used for this study. The performance of the two algorithms are compared. The result shows that the particle swarm algorithm converges significantly faster to similar or better solutions than the genetic algorithm and it does not require seeding of good solutions in the initial population. These advantages of the particle swarm algorithm may make it more suitable for many accelerator optimization applications.

Genetic Algorithm for Initial Orbit Determination with Too Short Arc (Continued)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, X. R.; Wang, X.

2016-03-01

When using the genetic algorithm to solve the problem of too-short-arc (TSA) determination, due to the difference of computing processes between the genetic algorithm and classical method, the methods for outliers editing are no longer applicable. In the genetic algorithm, the robust estimation is acquired by means of using different loss functions in the fitness function, then the outlier problem of TSAs is solved. Compared with the classical method, the application of loss functions in the genetic algorithm is greatly simplified. Through the comparison of results of different loss functions, it is clear that the methods of least median square and least trimmed square can greatly improve the robustness of TSAs, and have a high breakdown point.

Bio-Inspired Genetic Algorithms with Formalized Crossover Operators for Robotic Applications.

PubMed

Zhang, Jie; Kang, Man; Li, Xiaojuan; Liu, Geng-Yang

2017-01-01

Genetic algorithms are widely adopted to solve optimization problems in robotic applications. In such safety-critical systems, it is vitally important to formally prove the correctness when genetic algorithms are applied. This paper focuses on formal modeling of crossover operations that are one of most important operations in genetic algorithms. Specially, we for the first time formalize crossover operations with higher-order logic based on HOL4 that is easy to be deployed with its user-friendly programing environment. With correctness-guaranteed formalized crossover operations, we can safely apply them in robotic applications. We implement our technique to solve a path planning problem using a genetic algorithm with our formalized crossover operations, and the results show the effectiveness of our technique.

Development of Eczema Vaccinatum in Atopic Mouse Models and Efficacy of MVA Vaccination against Lethal Poxviral Infection

PubMed Central

Knitlova, Jarmila; Hajkova, Vera; Voska, Ludek; Elsterova, Jana; Obrova, Barbora; Melkova, Zora

2014-01-01

Smallpox vaccine based on live, replicating vaccinia virus (VACV) is associated with several potentially serious and deadly complications. Consequently, a new generation of vaccine based on non-replicating Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has been under clinical development. MVA seems to induce good immune responses in blood tests, but it is impossible to test its efficacy in vivo in human. One of the serious complications of the replicating vaccine is eczema vaccinatum (EV) occurring in individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD), thus excluding them from all preventive vaccination schemes. In this study, we first characterized and compared development of eczema vaccinatum in different mouse strains. Nc/Nga, Balb/c and C57Bl/6J mice were epicutaneously sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline control to induce signs of atopic dermatitis and subsequently trans-dermally (t.d.) immunized with VACV strain Western Reserve (WR). Large primary lesions occurred in both mock- and OVA-sensitized Nc/Nga mice, while they remained small in Balb/c and C57Bl/6J mice. Satellite lesions developed in both mock- and OVA-sensitized Nc/Nga and in OVA-sensitized Balb/c mice with the rate 40–50%. Presence of mastocytes and eosinophils was the highest in Nc/Nga mice. Consequently, we have chosen Nc/Nga mice as a model of AD/EV and tested efficacy of MVA and Dryvax vaccinations against a lethal intra-nasal (i.n.) challenge with WR, the surrogate of smallpox. Inoculation of MVA intra-muscularly (i.m.) or t.d. resulted in no lesions, while inoculation of Dryvax t.d. yielded large primary and many satellite lesions similar to WR. Eighty three and 92% of mice vaccinated with a single dose of MVA i.m. or t.d., respectively, survived a lethal i.n. challenge with WR without any serious illness, while all Dryvax-vaccinated animals survived. This is the first formal prove of protective immunity against a lethal poxvirus challenge induced by vaccination with MVA in an atopic organism. PMID:25486419

Effects of topically applied rapamycin and mycophenolic acid on TNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Jung, Kyung Eun; Lee, Ye Jin; Ryu, Yun Hee; Kim, Jung Eun; Kim, Hei Sung; Kim, Beom Joon; Kang, Hoon; Park, Young Min

2015-06-01

Rapamycin (RPM) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) are immunosuppressive drugs approved for use in preventing transplant rejection. These drugs have also been used in the field of dermatology as glucocorticoid sparing agents for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of topically applied RPM and/or MPA on AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. RPM (0.04% - 4%), MPA (0.2% - 5%), and formulations of both agents at various ratios were administrated topically to NC/Nga mice with 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions. The therapeutic effects of topical RPM, MPA, and the mixed formulations in TNCB-treated NC/Nga mice were assessed by measuring skin severity scores, ear thickness, and histological changes in the lesioned skin including mast cell count and total serum IgE levels. Expression of interleukin (IL)-4, and interferon (IFN)-γ was also assessed. Topical 4% RPM and/or 1% MPA treatment significantly improved clinical signs of AD such as erythema, edema, excoriation, and dryness on day 29 (P<0.05). In addition, 4% RPM, 1% MPA, and the mixed formulations significantly decreased epidermal thickening, dermal edema, and cellular infiltration into the dermis compared with the vehicle. RPM (4%) and/or MPA (1%) significantly reduced the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA and protein levels compared with the vehicle (P<0.05). No significant change in the levels of total serum IgE was induced by topical 4% RPM and/or 1% MPA. The present results demonstrated that topical 4% RPM and/or 1% MPA improved TNCB-induced AD-like lesions of NC/Nga mice by suppressing expression of Th2-related cytokines (IL-4) and Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ). These findings suggest that RPM and/or MPA may be promising topical therapeutic candidates for the treatment of AD. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

U.S. Government Open Internet Access to Sub-meter Satellite Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neigh, Christopher S. R> ; Masek, Jeffery G.; Nickeson, Jaime E.

2012-01-01

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) has contracted United States commercial remote sensing companies GeoEye and Digital Globe to provide very high resolution commercial quality satellite imagery to federal/state government agencies and those projects/people who support government interests. Under NextView contract terms, those engaged in official government programs/projects can gain online access to NGA's vast global archive. Additionally, data from vendor's archives of IKONOS-2 (IK-2), OrbView-3 (OB-3), GeoEye-1 (GE-1), QuickBird-1 (QB-1), WorldView-1 (WV-1), and WorldView-2 (WV-2), sensors can also be requested under these agreements. We report here the current extent of this archive, how to gain access, and the applications of these data by Earth science investigators to improve discoverability and community use of these data. Satellite commercial quality imagery (CQI) at very high resolution (< 1 m) (here after referred to as CQI) over the past decade has become an important data source to U.S. federal, state, and local governments for many different purposes. The rapid growth of free global CQI data has been slow to disseminate to NASA Earth Science community and programs such as the Land-Cover Land-Use Change (LCLUC) program which sees potential benefit from unprecedented access. This article evolved from a workshop held on February 23rd, 2012 between representatives from NGA, NASA, and NASA LCLUC Scientists discussion on how to extend this resource to a broader license approved community. Many investigators are unaware of NGA's archive availability or find it difficult to access CQI data from NGA. Results of studies, both quality and breadth, could be improved with CQI data by combining them with other moderate to coarse resolution passive optical Earth observation remote sensing satellites, or with RADAR or LiDAR instruments to better understand Earth system dynamics at the scale of human activities. We provide the evolution of this effort, a guide for qualified user access, and describe current to potential use of these data in earth science.

Observational Signatures Of Agn Feedback Across Cosmic Time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wylezalek, Dominika

2017-06-01

While many compelling models of AGN feedback exist, there is no clear data-driven picture of how winds are launched, how they propagate through the galaxy and what impact they have on the galactic gas. Recent work suggests that AGN luminosity plays an important role. The following described projects focus on understanding the power, reach and impact of feedback processes exerted by AGN of different power. I first describe recent efforts in our group of relating feedback signatures in powerful quasars to the specific star formation rate in their host galaxies, where our results are consistent with the AGN having a `negative' impact through feedback on the galaxies' star formation history. Feedback signatures seem to be best observable in gas-rich galaxies where the coupling of the AGN-driven wind to the gas is strongest, in agreement with recent simulations. But how and where does this quenching happen? Is it accomplished through the mechanical action of jets or through nuclear winds driven by radiation pressure? Finally, I show that AGN signatures and AGN-driven winds can be easily hidden and not be apparent in the integrated spectrum of a galaxy hosting a low/intermediate-luminosity AGN. Using data from the new SDSS-IV MaNGA survey, we have developed a new AGN selection algorithm tailored to IFU data and we are uncovering a much more nuanced picture of AGN activity allowing us to discover AGN signatures at large distances from the galaxy center. This implies that large IFU surveys, such as the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey, might uncover many previously unknown AGN and feedback signatures related to them. Outflows and feedback from low- and intermediate-luminosity AGN might have been underestimated in the past but can potentially significantly contribute to the AGN/host-galaxy self-regulation.

Validation of a kinetic model for receptor-mediated uptake of Tc-99m-galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (Tc-NGA)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vera, D.R.; Krohn, K.A.; Woodle, E.S.

1984-01-01

Tc-NGA is a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical which localizes specifically to the liver. The rate of uptake depends upon: 1) Tc-NGA-receptor affinity, k/sub b/, 2) molar dose, L/sub e/(O), and 3) hepatic blood flow, Q. The authors have proposed a kinetic model which describes hepatic uptake in terms of measurable physiochemical quantities: Q, k/sub b/, R, V/sub e/, V/sub h/ (systemic and liver blood volumes), and V/sub r/ (liver plasma volume). Computer simulations were compared to kinetic data (ROIs: precordium and liver, 420 data pts) resulting from injection into pigs (n=12) of Tc-NGAs of differing k/sub b/(0.6,1.2,1.8 x 10/sup 5/ M/sup -1/sec/supmore » -1/). Each pig was studied twice using different molar doses (0.5 - 10. x 10/sup -8/mole). Measurements of V/sub e/ (Tc-RBCs) and Q (indocyanine green extraction) were obtained during each study. Weights of excised livers were used to calculate V/sub h/ and r. With exception of the low-dose, low-affinity studies, all data was fit to within a reduced chi-square of 3 by adjustment of 1/sub e/, 1/sub h/, c, ..cap alpha../sub m/ and the sigmas. The authors conclude that this model is a valid description of a receptor-binding process, however competition by endogenous ligand may prevent its use at low molar doses of low-k/sub b/ NGA.« less

Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) alleviates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by regulation of PKC and IL-4.

PubMed

Jung, A-Ram; Ahn, Sang-Hyun; Park, In-Sik; Park, Sun-Young; Jeong, Seung-Il; Cheon, Jin-Hong; Kim, Kibong

2016-10-24

Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) is produced from fermented soybeans, which is widely used in traditional herbal medicine. In this study, we investigated whether Douchi attenuates protein kinase C (PKC) and interleukin (IL)-4 response and cutaneous inflammation in Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like NC/Nga mice. To induce AD-like skin lesions, D. farinae antigen was applied to the dorsal skin of 3-week-old NC/Nga mice. After inducing AD, Douchi extract was administered 20 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks to the Douchi-treated mice group. We identified the changes of skin barrier and Th2 differentiation through PKC and IL-4 by immunohistochemistry. Douchi treatment of NC/Nga mice significantly reduced clinical scores (p < 0.01) and histological features. The levels of PKC and IL-4 were significantly reduced in the Douchi-treated group (p < 0.01). The reduction of IL-4 and PKC led to decrease of inflammatory factors such as substance P, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) (all p < 0.01). Douchi also down-regulated Th1 markers (IL-12, TNF-α) as well as Th2 markers (IL-4, p-IκB) (p < 0.01). Douchi alleviates AD-like skin lesions through suppressing of PKC and IL-4. These results also lead to diminish levels of substance P, iNOS and MMP-9 in skin lesions. Therefore, Douchi may have potential applications for the prevention and treatment of AD.

Estimating the solute transport parameters of the spatial fractional advection-dispersion equation using Bees Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehdinejadiani, Behrouz

2017-08-01

This study represents the first attempt to estimate the solute transport parameters of the spatial fractional advection-dispersion equation using Bees Algorithm. The numerical studies as well as the experimental studies were performed to certify the integrity of Bees Algorithm. The experimental ones were conducted in a sandbox for homogeneous and heterogeneous soils. A detailed comparative study was carried out between the results obtained from Bees Algorithm and those from Genetic Algorithm and LSQNONLIN routines in FracFit toolbox. The results indicated that, in general, the Bees Algorithm much more accurately appraised the sFADE parameters in comparison with Genetic Algorithm and LSQNONLIN, especially in the heterogeneous soil and for α values near to 1 in the numerical study. Also, the results obtained from Bees Algorithm were more reliable than those from Genetic Algorithm. The Bees Algorithm showed the relative similar performances for all cases, while the Genetic Algorithm and the LSQNONLIN yielded different performances for various cases. The performance of LSQNONLIN strongly depends on the initial guess values so that, compared to the Genetic Algorithm, it can more accurately estimate the sFADE parameters by taking into consideration the suitable initial guess values. To sum up, the Bees Algorithm was found to be very simple, robust and accurate approach to estimate the transport parameters of the spatial fractional advection-dispersion equation.

Estimating the solute transport parameters of the spatial fractional advection-dispersion equation using Bees Algorithm.

PubMed

Mehdinejadiani, Behrouz

2017-08-01

This study represents the first attempt to estimate the solute transport parameters of the spatial fractional advection-dispersion equation using Bees Algorithm. The numerical studies as well as the experimental studies were performed to certify the integrity of Bees Algorithm. The experimental ones were conducted in a sandbox for homogeneous and heterogeneous soils. A detailed comparative study was carried out between the results obtained from Bees Algorithm and those from Genetic Algorithm and LSQNONLIN routines in FracFit toolbox. The results indicated that, in general, the Bees Algorithm much more accurately appraised the sFADE parameters in comparison with Genetic Algorithm and LSQNONLIN, especially in the heterogeneous soil and for α values near to 1 in the numerical study. Also, the results obtained from Bees Algorithm were more reliable than those from Genetic Algorithm. The Bees Algorithm showed the relative similar performances for all cases, while the Genetic Algorithm and the LSQNONLIN yielded different performances for various cases. The performance of LSQNONLIN strongly depends on the initial guess values so that, compared to the Genetic Algorithm, it can more accurately estimate the sFADE parameters by taking into consideration the suitable initial guess values. To sum up, the Bees Algorithm was found to be very simple, robust and accurate approach to estimate the transport parameters of the spatial fractional advection-dispersion equation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements

USGS Publications Warehouse

Spudich, Paul A.; Chiou, Brian

2015-01-01

We present a two-dimensional system of generalized coordinates for use with geometrically complex fault ruptures that are neither straight nor continuous. The coordinates are a generalization of the conventional strike-normal and strike-parallel coordinates of a single straight fault. The presented conventions and formulations are applicable to a single curved trace, as well as multiple traces representing the rupture of branching faults or noncontiguous faults. An early application of our generalized system is in the second round of the Next Generation of Ground-Motion Attenuation Model project for the Western United States (NGA-West2), where they were used in the characterization of the hanging-wall effects. We further improve the NGA-West2 strike-parallel formulation for multiple rupture traces with a more intuitive definition of the nominal strike direction. We also derive an analytical expression for the gradient of the generalized strike-normal coordinate. The direction of this gradient may be used as the strike-normal direction in the study of polarization effects on ground motions.

Individual differences in inhibitory control--relationship between baseline activation in lateral PFC and an electrophysiological index of response inhibition.

PubMed

Schiller, Bastian; Gianotti, Lorena R R; Nash, Kyle; Knoch, Daria

2014-09-01

The capacity to inhibit inappropriate responses is crucial for goal-directed behavior. Inhibiting such responses seems to come more easily to some of us than others, however. From where do these individual differences originate? Here, we measured 263 participants' neural baseline activation using resting electroencephalogram. Then, we used this stable neural marker to predict a reliable electrophysiological index of response inhibition capacity in the cued Continuous Performance Test, the NoGo-Anteriorization (NGA). Using a source-localization technique, we found that resting delta, theta, and alpha1 activity in the left middle frontal gyrus and resting alpha1 activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the NGA. As a larger NGA is thought to represent better response inhibition capacity, our findings demonstrate that lower levels of resting slow-wave oscillations in the lateral prefrontal cortex, bilaterally, are associated with a better response inhibition capacity. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Epidermal Growth Factor Relieves Inflammatory Signals in Staphylococcus aureus-Treated Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in Nc/Nga Mice

PubMed Central

Choi, Sun Young; Lee, You Jin; Kim, Ji Min; Kang, Hyun Ji

2018-01-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a defective immunologic barrier, which is aggravated by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) suppresses inflammation and EGF receptor inhibitors increased S. aureus colonization. Thus, we investigated the potential roles of EGF in AD, which is often aggravated by S. aureus. We determined how EGF affects the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) treated with heat-inactivated S. aureus (HKSA) in vitro and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice. HKSA increased IL-6 and NFκB expression; EGF treatment had the opposite effect. EGF increased human β defensin-2 expression in HEKs and murine β defensin-3 in mice. In mice, both EGF and pimecrolimus groups showed less erythema with significantly reduced inflammation and decreased expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. EGF relieved S. aureus-induced inflammation and AD-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice. Therefore, EGF could be a potential topical treatment for AD.

The inhibitory effect of naringenin on atopic dermatitis induced by DNFB in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Tae-Ho; Kim, Gun-Dong; Ahn, Hyun-Jong; Cho, Jeong-Je; Park, Yong Seek; Park, Cheung-Seog

2013-10-10

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory dermatitis characterized by pruritic and eczematous skin lesions. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of the fruit flavonoid naringenin on DNFB induced atopic dermatitis mice model. AD-like skin lesion was induced by repetitive skin contact with DNFB in NC/Nga mice and the effects of the fruit flavonoid naringenin were evaluated on the basis of histopathological findings of skin, ear swelling and cytokine production of CD4(+)T cells. Intraperitoneal injection of naringenin for one week after DNFB challenge significantly lowered ear swelling and improved back skin lesions. In addition, naringenin significantly suppressed production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by activated CD4(+) T cells and serum IgE level. Furthermore, naringenin reduced DNFB-induced infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells in skin lesions. Naringenin may suppress the development of AD-like skin lesions in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice by reducing IFN-γ production of activated CD4(+) T cells, serum IgE levels and infiltration of immune cells to skin lesion. © 2013.

Epidermal Growth Factor Relieves Inflammatory Signals in Staphylococcus aureus-Treated Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in Nc/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Choi, Sun Young; Lee, You Jin; Kim, Ji Min; Kang, Hyun Ji; Cho, Sang Hyun; Chang, Sung Eun

2018-01-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a defective immunologic barrier, which is aggravated by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) . Epidermal growth factor (EGF) suppresses inflammation and EGF receptor inhibitors increased S. aureus colonization. Thus, we investigated the potential roles of EGF in AD, which is often aggravated by S. aureus . We determined how EGF affects the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) treated with heat-inactivated S. aureus (HKSA) in vitro and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice. HKSA increased IL-6 and NF κ B expression; EGF treatment had the opposite effect. EGF increased human β defensin-2 expression in HEKs and murine β defensin-3 in mice. In mice, both EGF and pimecrolimus groups showed less erythema with significantly reduced inflammation and decreased expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. EGF relieved S. aureus -induced inflammation and AD-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice. Therefore, EGF could be a potential topical treatment for AD.

NGA- A Novel Hypothetical Drug Model: Combinatorial Approach to Multifactorial Alzheimer's Disease.

PubMed

Devi, C Subathra; Mohanasrinivasan, V; Priyadoss, C George; Arora, Nikhil; Singh, Bharti; Mittal, Neetu; Agarwal, Shubham; Saxena, Shwetank

2015-01-01

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is supposed to stanch from inappropriate waving in the brain sections related to memory and perception. The incidence of AD in distressed person associated with an upsurge in the accumulation of amyloid plaque-rich senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. We hypothesize that a combination therapy provides a new treatment for AD. We propose that an anti-AD drug, NGA, a combination of NSAIDS, Galanthamine and ACS-40 may be useful in preventing the formation of amyloid plaques from β-amyloid. Being a widespread incurable disease, the treatment for Alzheimer's has been at the forefront of the medical research work. We propose a novel drug-like NGA will allow for the effective control and treatment of the progression of AD by preventing acetylcholinesterase activity and reducing plaque formation that forms the distinctive symptom for the identification of the onset of AD. A combinatory use of NSAID with a natural neurotransmitter will allow for an efficient control of amyloid beta toxicity and will open doors for the treatment of a myriad of other neurodegenerative diseases.

Exploring the Nature of Galaxies with Abundance Gradient Anomalies in the SDSS-IV/MaNGA Survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keith, Celeste; Tremonti, Christy; Pace, Zach; Schaefer, Adam

2018-01-01

Disk galaxies are known to have radial oxygen abundance gradients with their centers being more chemically enriched than their outskirts. The steepness of the abundance gradient has recently been shown to correlate with galaxy stellar mass, on average. However, individual galaxies sometimes show pronounced deviations from the expected trends, such as flatter or steeper slopes than expected for their mass, abrupt changes in slope, or azimuthal asymmetries. Here we report on a systematic search for galaxies with abundance gradient anomalies using 2-D spectroscopy from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV MaNGA. We construct nebular oxygen and nitrogen abundance maps for 300 moderately inclined non-interacting disk galaxies and use visual inspection to identify the most interesting cases. We use this training set to develop an automated pipeline to flag galaxies with abundance anomalies from the larger MaNGA dataset for visual inspection. We combine the metallicity maps with kinematic data and measurements of the galaxies' local environments to better understand the processes that shape the radial abundance gradients of disk galaxies.

A Test of Genetic Algorithms in Relevance Feedback.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez-Pujalte, Cristina; Guerrero Bote, Vicente P.; Moya Anegon, Felix de

2002-01-01

Discussion of information retrieval, query optimization techniques, and relevance feedback focuses on genetic algorithms, which are derived from artificial intelligence techniques. Describes an evaluation of different genetic algorithms using a residual collection method and compares results with the Ide dec-hi method (Salton and Buckley, 1990…

Transonic Wing Shape Optimization Using a Genetic Algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holst, Terry L.; Pulliam, Thomas H.; Kwak, Dochan (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A method for aerodynamic shape optimization based on a genetic algorithm approach is demonstrated. The algorithm is coupled with a transonic full potential flow solver and is used to optimize the flow about transonic wings including multi-objective solutions that lead to the generation of pareto fronts. The results indicate that the genetic algorithm is easy to implement, flexible in application and extremely reliable.

Portfolio optimization by using linear programing models based on genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sukono; Hidayat, Y.; Lesmana, E.; Putra, A. S.; Napitupulu, H.; Supian, S.

2018-01-01

In this paper, we discussed the investment portfolio optimization using linear programming model based on genetic algorithms. It is assumed that the portfolio risk is measured by absolute standard deviation, and each investor has a risk tolerance on the investment portfolio. To complete the investment portfolio optimization problem, the issue is arranged into a linear programming model. Furthermore, determination of the optimum solution for linear programming is done by using a genetic algorithm. As a numerical illustration, we analyze some of the stocks traded on the capital market in Indonesia. Based on the analysis, it is shown that the portfolio optimization performed by genetic algorithm approach produces more optimal efficient portfolio, compared to the portfolio optimization performed by a linear programming algorithm approach. Therefore, genetic algorithms can be considered as an alternative on determining the investment portfolio optimization, particularly using linear programming models.

An improved genetic algorithm and its application in the TSP problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zheng; Qin, Jinlei

2011-12-01

Concept and research actuality of genetic algorithm are introduced in detail in the paper. Under this condition, the simple genetic algorithm and an improved algorithm are described and applied in an example of TSP problem, where the advantage of genetic algorithm is adequately shown in solving the NP-hard problem. In addition, based on partial matching crossover operator, the crossover operator method is improved into extended crossover operator in order to advance the efficiency when solving the TSP. In the extended crossover method, crossover operator can be performed between random positions of two random individuals, which will not be restricted by the position of chromosome. Finally, the nine-city TSP is solved using the improved genetic algorithm with extended crossover method, the efficiency of whose solution process is much higher, besides, the solving speed of the optimal solution is much faster.

Solving TSP problem with improved genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Chunhua; Zhang, Lijun; Wang, Xiaojing; Qiao, Liying

2018-05-01

The TSP is a typical NP problem. The optimization of vehicle routing problem (VRP) and city pipeline optimization can use TSP to solve; therefore it is very important to the optimization for solving TSP problem. The genetic algorithm (GA) is one of ideal methods in solving it. The standard genetic algorithm has some limitations. Improving the selection operator of genetic algorithm, and importing elite retention strategy can ensure the select operation of quality, In mutation operation, using the adaptive algorithm selection can improve the quality of search results and variation, after the chromosome evolved one-way evolution reverse operation is added which can make the offspring inherit gene of parental quality improvement opportunities, and improve the ability of searching the optimal solution algorithm.

Genetic algorithm based fuzzy control of spacecraft autonomous rendezvous

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karr, C. L.; Freeman, L. M.; Meredith, D. L.

1990-01-01

The U.S. Bureau of Mines is currently investigating ways to combine the control capabilities of fuzzy logic with the learning capabilities of genetic algorithms. Fuzzy logic allows for the uncertainty inherent in most control problems to be incorporated into conventional expert systems. Although fuzzy logic based expert systems have been used successfully for controlling a number of physical systems, the selection of acceptable fuzzy membership functions has generally been a subjective decision. High performance fuzzy membership functions for a fuzzy logic controller that manipulates a mathematical model simulating the autonomous rendezvous of spacecraft are learned using a genetic algorithm, a search technique based on the mechanics of natural genetics. The membership functions learned by the genetic algorithm provide for a more efficient fuzzy logic controller than membership functions selected by the authors for the rendezvous problem. Thus, genetic algorithms are potentially an effective and structured approach for learning fuzzy membership functions.

A "Hands on" Strategy for Teaching Genetic Algorithms to Undergraduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Venables, Anne; Tan, Grace

2007-01-01

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are a problem solving strategy that uses stochastic search. Since their introduction (Holland, 1975), GAs have proven to be particularly useful for solving problems that are "intractable" using classical methods. The language of genetic algorithms (GAs) is heavily laced with biological metaphors from evolutionary…

The potential of genetic algorithms for conceptual design of rotor systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crossley, William A.; Wells, Valana L.; Laananen, David H.

1993-01-01

The capabilities of genetic algorithms as a non-calculus based, global search method make them potentially useful in the conceptual design of rotor systems. Coupling reasonably simple analysis tools to the genetic algorithm was accomplished, and the resulting program was used to generate designs for rotor systems to match requirements similar to those of both an existing helicopter and a proposed helicopter design. This provides a comparison with the existing design and also provides insight into the potential of genetic algorithms in design of new rotors.

Genetic Algorithm for Initial Orbit Determination with Too Short Arc (Continued)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xin-ran; Wang, Xin

2017-04-01

When the genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem of too short-arc (TSA) orbit determination, due to the difference of computing process between the genetic algorithm and the classical method, the original method for outlier deletion is no longer applicable. In the genetic algorithm, the robust estimation is realized by introducing different loss functions for the fitness function, then the outlier problem of the TSA orbit determination is solved. Compared with the classical method, the genetic algorithm is greatly simplified by introducing in different loss functions. Through the comparison on the calculations of multiple loss functions, it is found that the least median square (LMS) estimation and least trimmed square (LTS) estimation can greatly improve the robustness of the TSA orbit determination, and have a high breakdown point.

A Genetic Algorithm Tool (splicer) for Complex Scheduling Problems and the Space Station Freedom Resupply Problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Lui; Valenzuela-Rendon, Manuel

1993-01-01

The Space Station Freedom will require the supply of items in a regular fashion. A schedule for the delivery of these items is not easy to design due to the large span of time involved and the possibility of cancellations and changes in shuttle flights. This paper presents the basic concepts of a genetic algorithm model, and also presents the results of an effort to apply genetic algorithms to the design of propellant resupply schedules. As part of this effort, a simple simulator and an encoding by which a genetic algorithm can find near optimal schedules have been developed. Additionally, this paper proposes ways in which robust schedules, i.e., schedules that can tolerate small changes, can be found using genetic algorithms.

Supporting Remote Sensing Research with Small Unmanned Aerial Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, R. C.; Shanks, P. C.; Kritis, L. A.; Trani, M. G.

2014-11-01

We describe several remote sensing research projects supported with small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) operated by the NGA Basic and Applied Research Office. These sUAS collections provide data supporting Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR), NGA University Research Initiative (NURI), and Cooperative Research And Development Agreements (CRADA) efforts in addition to inhouse research. Some preliminary results related to 3D electro-optical point clouds are presented, and some research goals discussed. Additional details related to the autonomous operational mode of both our multi-rotor and fixed wing small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) platforms are presented.

Superfund record of decision (EPA Region 3): US Defense General Supply Center, Operable Unit 9, Chesterfield County, VA, September 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-09-01

The decision document presents the selected interim remedial action for Operable Unit 9 (OU9) at the Defense General Supply Center (DGSC) in Chesterfield County, Virginia near Richmond. OU9 pertains to groundwater beneath Area 50, the Open Storage Area (OSA), and the Naitonal Guard Area (NGA). This operable unit is the third of nine operable units that are currently being addressed at the DGSC. OU9 addresses interim treatment and containment of groundwater in the upper and lower aquifers beneath Area 50, the OSA, and the NGA.

An Improved Heuristic Method for Subgraph Isomorphism Problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiang, Yingzhuo; Han, Jiesi; Xu, Haijiang; Guo, Xin

2017-09-01

This paper focus on the subgraph isomorphism (SI) problem. We present an improved genetic algorithm, a heuristic method to search the optimal solution. The contribution of this paper is that we design a dedicated crossover algorithm and a new fitness function to measure the evolution process. Experiments show our improved genetic algorithm performs better than other heuristic methods. For a large graph, such as a subgraph of 40 nodes, our algorithm outperforms the traditional tree search algorithms. We find that the performance of our improved genetic algorithm does not decrease as the number of nodes in prototype graphs.

Genetic algorithms for adaptive real-time control in space systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vanderzijp, J.; Choudry, A.

1988-01-01

Genetic Algorithms that are used for learning as one way to control the combinational explosion associated with the generation of new rules are discussed. The Genetic Algorithm approach tends to work best when it can be applied to a domain independent knowledge representation. Applications to real time control in space systems are discussed.

Cognitive Nonlinear Radar

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

intelligently selecting waveform parameters using adaptive algorithms. The adaptive algorithms optimize the waveform parameters based on (1) the EM...the environment. 15. SUBJECT TERMS cognitive radar, adaptive sensing, spectrum sensing, multi-objective optimization, genetic algorithms, machine...detection and classification block diagram. .........................................................6 Figure 5. Genetic algorithm block diagram

Warehouse stocking optimization based on dynamic ant colony genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Xiaoxu

2018-04-01

In view of the various orders of FAW (First Automotive Works) International Logistics Co., Ltd., the SLP method is used to optimize the layout of the warehousing units in the enterprise, thus the warehouse logistics is optimized and the external processing speed of the order is improved. In addition, the relevant intelligent algorithms for optimizing the stocking route problem are analyzed. The ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm which have good applicability are emphatically studied. The parameters of ant colony algorithm are optimized by genetic algorithm, which improves the performance of ant colony algorithm. A typical path optimization problem model is taken as an example to prove the effectiveness of parameter optimization.

A controlled genetic algorithm by fuzzy logic and belief functions for job-shop scheduling.

PubMed

Hajri, S; Liouane, N; Hammadi, S; Borne, P

2000-01-01

Most scheduling problems are highly complex combinatorial problems. However, stochastic methods such as genetic algorithm yield good solutions. In this paper, we present a controlled genetic algorithm (CGA) based on fuzzy logic and belief functions to solve job-shop scheduling problems. For better performance, we propose an efficient representational scheme, heuristic rules for creating the initial population, and a new methodology for mixing and computing genetic operator probabilities.

Experimental Performance of a Genetic Algorithm for Airborne Strategic Conflict Resolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karr, David A.; Vivona, Robert A.; Roscoe, David A.; DePascale, Stephen M.; Consiglio, Maria

2009-01-01

The Autonomous Operations Planner, a research prototype flight-deck decision support tool to enable airborne self-separation, uses a pattern-based genetic algorithm to resolve predicted conflicts between the ownship and traffic aircraft. Conflicts are resolved by modifying the active route within the ownship s flight management system according to a predefined set of maneuver pattern templates. The performance of this pattern-based genetic algorithm was evaluated in the context of batch-mode Monte Carlo simulations running over 3600 flight hours of autonomous aircraft in en-route airspace under conditions ranging from typical current traffic densities to several times that level. Encountering over 8900 conflicts during two simulation experiments, the genetic algorithm was able to resolve all but three conflicts, while maintaining a required time of arrival constraint for most aircraft. Actual elapsed running time for the algorithm was consistent with conflict resolution in real time. The paper presents details of the genetic algorithm s design, along with mathematical models of the algorithm s performance and observations regarding the effectiveness of using complimentary maneuver patterns when multiple resolutions by the same aircraft were required.

Experimental Performance of a Genetic Algorithm for Airborne Strategic Conflict Resolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karr, David A.; Vivona, Robert A.; Roscoe, David A.; DePascale, Stephen M.; Consiglio, Maria

2009-01-01

The Autonomous Operations Planner, a research prototype flight-deck decision support tool to enable airborne self-separation, uses a pattern-based genetic algorithm to resolve predicted conflicts between the ownship and traffic aircraft. Conflicts are resolved by modifying the active route within the ownship's flight management system according to a predefined set of maneuver pattern templates. The performance of this pattern-based genetic algorithm was evaluated in the context of batch-mode Monte Carlo simulations running over 3600 flight hours of autonomous aircraft in en-route airspace under conditions ranging from typical current traffic densities to several times that level. Encountering over 8900 conflicts during two simulation experiments, the genetic algorithm was able to resolve all but three conflicts, while maintaining a required time of arrival constraint for most aircraft. Actual elapsed running time for the algorithm was consistent with conflict resolution in real time. The paper presents details of the genetic algorithm's design, along with mathematical models of the algorithm's performance and observations regarding the effectiveness of using complimentary maneuver patterns when multiple resolutions by the same aircraft were required.

SDSS-IV/MaNGA: SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yan, Renbin; Sánchez-Gallego, José R.; Tremonti, Christy

2016-01-15

Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA), one of three core programs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV, is an integral-field spectroscopic survey of roughly 10,000 nearby galaxies. It employs dithered observations using 17 hexagonal bundles of 2″ fibers to obtain resolved spectroscopy over a wide wavelength range of 3600–10300 Å. To map the internal variations within each galaxy, we need to perform accurate spectral surface photometry, which is to calibrate the specific intensity at every spatial location sampled by each individual aperture element of the integral field unit. The calibration must correct only for the flux loss duemore » to atmospheric throughput and the instrument response, but not for losses due to the finite geometry of the fiber aperture. This requires the use of standard star measurements to strictly separate these two flux loss factors (throughput versus geometry), a difficult challenge with standard single-fiber spectroscopy techniques due to various practical limitations. Therefore, we developed a technique for spectral surface photometry using multiple small fiber-bundles targeting standard stars simultaneously with galaxy observations. We discuss the principles of our approach and how they compare to previous efforts, and we demonstrate the precision and accuracy achieved. MaNGA's relative calibration between the wavelengths of Hα and Hβ has an rms of 1.7%, while that between [N ii] λ6583 and [O ii] λ3727 has an rms of 4.7%. Using extinction-corrected star formation rates and gas-phase metallicities as an illustration, this level of precision guarantees that flux calibration errors will be sub-dominant when estimating these quantities. The absolute calibration is better than 5% for more than 89% of MaNGA's wavelength range.« less

Cas9 Variants Expand the Target Repertoire in Caenorhabditis elegans

PubMed Central

Bell, Ryan T.; Fu, Becky X. H.; Fire, Andrew Z.

2016-01-01

The proliferation of CRISPR/Cas9-based methods in Caenorhabditis elegans has enabled efficient genome editing and precise genomic tethering of Cas9 fusion proteins. Experimental designs using CRISPR/Cas9 are currently limited by the need for a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) in the target with the sequence NGG. Here we report the characterization of two modified Cas9 proteins in C. elegans that recognize NGA and NGCG PAMs. We found that each variant could stimulate homologous recombination with a donor template at multiple loci and that PAM specificity was comparable to that of wild-type Cas9. To directly compare effectiveness, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate a set of assay strains with a common single-guide RNA (sgRNA) target sequence, but that differ in the juxtaposed PAM (NGG, NGA, or NGCG). In this controlled setting, we determined that the NGA PAM Cas9 variant can be as effective as wild-type Cas9. We similarly edited a genomic target to study the influence of the base following the NGA PAM. Using four strains with four NGAN PAMs differing only at the fourth position and adjacent to the same sgRNA target, we observed that efficient homologous replacement was attainable with any base in the fourth position, with an NGAG PAM being the most effective. In addition to demonstrating the utility of two Cas9 mutants in C. elegans and providing reagents that permit CRISPR/Cas9 experiments with fewer restrictions on potential targets, we established a means to benchmark the efficiency of different Cas9::PAM combinations that avoids variations owing to differences in the sgRNA sequence. PMID:26680661

SDSS-IV/MaNGA: Spectrophotometric calibration technique

DOE PAGES

Yan, Renbin; Tremonti, Christy; Bershady, Matthew A.; ...

2015-12-21

Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA), one of three core programs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV, is an integral-field spectroscopic survey of roughly 10,000 nearby galaxies. It employs dithered observations using 17 hexagonal bundles of 2'' fibers to obtain resolved spectroscopy over a wide wavelength range of 3600-10300 Å. To map the internal variations within each galaxy, we need to perform accurate spectral surface photometry, which is to calibrate the specific intensity at every spatial location sampled by each individual aperture element of the integral field unit. The calibration must correct only for the flux loss duemore » to atmospheric throughput and the instrument response, but not for losses due to the finite geometry of the fiber aperture. This then requires the use of standard star measurements to strictly separate these two flux loss factors (throughput versus geometry), a difficult challenge with standard single-fiber spectroscopy techniques due to various practical limitations. Thus, we developed a technique for spectral surface photometry using multiple small fiber-bundles targeting standard stars simultaneously with galaxy observations. We discuss the principles of our approach and how they compare to previous efforts, and we demonstrate the precision and accuracy achieved. MaNGA's relative calibration between the wavelengths of Hα and Hβ has an rms of 1.7%, while that between [N ii] λ6583 and [O ii] λ3727 has an rms of 4.7%. In using extinction-corrected star formation rates and gas-phase metallicities as an illustration, this level of precision guarantees that flux calibration errors will be sub-dominant when estimating these quantities. The absolute calibration is better than 5% for more than 89% of MaNGA's wavelength range.« less

P-MaNGA: GRADIENTS IN RECENT STAR FORMATION HISTORIES AS DIAGNOSTICS FOR GALAXY GROWTH AND DEATH

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Cheng; Wang, Enci; Lin, Lin

2015-05-10

We present an analysis of the data produced by the MaNGA prototype run (P-MaNGA), aiming to test how the radial gradients in recent star formation histories, as indicated by the 4000 Å break (D{sub n}(4000)), Hδ absorption (EW(Hδ{sub A})), and Hα emission (EW(Hα)) indices, can be useful for understanding disk growth and star formation cessation in local galaxies. We classify 12 galaxies observed on two P-MaNGA plates as either centrally quiescent (CQ) or centrally star-forming (CSF), according to whether D{sub n}(4000) measured in the central spaxel of each datacube exceeds 1.6. For each spaxel we generate both 2D maps and radialmore » profiles of D{sub n}(4000), EW(Hδ{sub A}), and EW(Hα). We find that CSF galaxies generally show very weak or no radial variation in these diagnostics. In contrast, CQ galaxies present significant radial gradients, in the sense that D{sub n}(4000) decreases, while both EW(Hδ{sub A}) and EW(Hα) increase from the galactic center outward. The outer regions of the galaxies show greater scatter on diagrams relating the three parameters than their central parts. In particular, the clear separation between centrally measured quiescent and star-forming galaxies in these diagnostic planes is largely filled in by the outer parts of galaxies whose global colors place them in the green valley, supporting the idea that the green valley represents a transition between blue-cloud and red-sequence phases, at least in our small sample. These results are consistent with a picture in which the cessation of star formation propagates from the center of a galaxy outward as it moves to the red sequence.« less

Zooming into local active galactic nuclei: the power of combining SDSS-IV MaNGA with higher resolution integral field unit observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wylezalek, Dominika; Schnorr Müller, Allan; Zakamska, Nadia L.; Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa; Greene, Jenny E.; Müller-Sánchez, Francisco; Kelly, Michael; Liu, Guilin; Law, David R.; Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K.; Riffel, Rogemar A.; Thomas, Daniel

2017-05-01

Ionized gas outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are ubiquitous in high-luminosity AGN with outflow speeds apparently correlated with the total bolometric luminosity of the AGN. This empirical relation and theoretical work suggest that in the range Lbol ˜ 1043-45 erg s-1 there must exist a threshold luminosity above which the AGN becomes powerful enough to launch winds that will be able to escape the galaxy potential. In this paper, we present pilot observations of two AGN in this transitional range that were taken with the Gemini North Multi-Object Spectrograph integral field unit (IFU). Both sources have also previously been observed within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS) Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. While the MaNGA IFU maps probe the gas fields on galaxy-wide scales and show that some regions are dominated by AGN ionization, the new Gemini IFU data zoom into the centre with four times better spatial resolution. In the object with the lower Lbol we find evidence of a young or stalled biconical AGN-driven outflow where none was obvious at the MaNGA resolution. In the object with the higher Lbol we trace the large-scale biconical outflow into the nuclear region and connect the outflow from small to large scales. These observations suggest that AGN luminosity and galaxy potential are crucial in shaping wind launching and propagation in low-luminosity AGN. The transition from small and young outflows to galaxy-wide feedback can only be understood by combining large-scale IFU data that trace the galaxy velocity field with higher resolution, small-scale IFU maps.

Earth Gravitational Model 2020

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnes, Daniel; Holmes, Simon; Factor, John; Ingalls, Sarah; Presicci, Manny; Beale, James

2017-04-01

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency [NGA], in conjunction with its U.S. and international partners, has begun preliminary work on its next Earth Gravitational Model, to replace EGM2008. The new 'Earth Gravitational Model 2020' [EGM2020] has an expected public release date of 2020, and will likely retain the same harmonic basis and resolution as EGM2008. As such, EGM2020 will be essentially an ellipsoidal harmonic model up to degree (n) and order (m) 2159, but will be released as a spherical harmonic model to degree 2190 and order 2159. EGM2020 will benefit from new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE mission, will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and ship borne) of gravimetric data over specific geographical areas, will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land, as well as for coastal and some ocean areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data as well as improvements in the treatment of this data, will better define the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. NGA and partners are evaluating different approaches for optimally combining the new GOCE/GRACE satellite gravity models with the terrestrial data. These include the latest methods employing a full covariance adjustment. NGA is also working to assess systematically the quality of its entire gravimetry database, towards correcting biases and other egregious errors where possible, and generating improved error models that will inform the final combination with the latest satellite gravity models. Outdated data gridding procedures have been replaced with improved approaches. For EGM2020, NGA intends to extract maximum value from the proprietary data that overlaps geographically with unrestricted data, whilst also making sure to respect and honor its proprietary agreements with its data-sharing partners. Approved for Public Release, 15-564

Effect of administrating polysaccharide from black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Ashigai, Hiroshi; Komano, Yuta; Wang, Guanying; Kawachi, Yasuji; Sunaga, Kazuko; Yamamoto, Reiko; Takata, Ryoji; Miyake, Mika; Yanai, Takaaki

2018-01-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that causes dry skin and functional disruption of the skin barrier. AD is often accompanied by allergic inflammation. AD patient suffer from heavy itching, and their quality of life is severely affected. Some pharmaceuticals for AD have some side effects such as skin atrophy. So it is necessary to develop mild solutions such as food ingredients without side effects. There are various causes of AD. It is especially induced by immunological imbalances such as IFN-γ reduction. IFN-γ has an important role in regulating IgE, which can cause an allergy reaction. NC/Nga mice develop AD and IgE hyperproduction. In a previous study, we revealed that administration of polysaccharide from black currant ( R. nigrum ) has an effect on immunomodulation. It induces IFN-γ production from myeloid dendritic cells. We named this polysaccharide cassis polysaccharide (CAPS). In this report, we studied the effect of administering CAPS on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Thirty NC/Nga mice that developed symptoms of atopic dermatitis were used. We divided them into three groups (control, CAPS administration 12 mg/kg/day, CAPS administration 60 mg/kg/day). For 4 weeks, we evaluated clinical score, serum IgE levels, gene expression of spleen, and skin pathology. We revealed that CAPS administration improves atopic dermatitis symptoms. We also found that CAPS administration suppresses IgE hyperproduction and induces IFN-γ gene transcription in the spleen. Finally, we confirmed that CAPS administration suppresses mast cell migration to epidermal skin. These results indicated that CAPS has an effect on AD.

Earth Gravitational Model 2020

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnes, D.; Factor, J. K.; Holmes, S. A.; Ingalls, S.; Presicci, M. R.; Beale, J.; Fecher, T.

2015-12-01

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency [NGA], in conjunction with its U.S. and international partners, has begun preliminary work on its next Earth Gravitational Model, to replace EGM2008. The new 'Earth Gravitational Model 2020' [EGM2020] has an expected public release date of 2020, and will likely retain the same harmonic basis and resolution as EGM2008. As such, EGM2020 will be essentially an ellipsoidal harmonic model up to degree (n) and order (m) 2159, but will be released as a spherical harmonic model to degree 2190 and order 2159. EGM2020 will benefit from new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE mission, will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and shipborne) of gravimetric data over specific geographical areas, will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land, as well as for coastal and some ocean areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data as well as improvements in the treatment of this data, will better define the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. NGA and partners are evaluating different approaches for optimally combining the new GOCE/GRACE satellite gravity models with the terrestrial data. These include the latest methods employing a full covariance adjustment. NGA is also working to assess systematically the quality of its entire gravimetry database, towards correcting biases and other egregious errors where possible, and generating improved error models that will inform the final combination with the latest satellite gravity models. Outdated data gridding procedures have been replaced with improved approaches. For EGM2020, NGA intends to extract maximum value from the proprietary data that overlaps geographically with unrestricted data, whilst also making sure to respect and honor its proprietary agreements with its data-sharing partners.

Inhibitory effect of arazyme on the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions in BALB/c and Nc/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, In Sik; Lee, Na Rae; Baek, Seung Yeop; Kim, Eun Jeong; Kim, Jung Seok; Jeong, Tae-Sook; Shin, Dong-Ha; Park, Ho-Yong; Lee, Ji-Sook

2015-05-01

Arazyme is a metalloprotease released by Aranicola proteolyticus that was shown to inhibit cytokine release in HaCaT and endothelial cells. However, the regulatory effects of arazyme in atopic dermatitis remain to be fully understood. In the present study, the anti‑inflammatory effects of arazyme in BALB/c and Nc/Nga mice induced with 2,4‑dinitrochlrobenzene (DNCB) were investigated. BALB/c mice were sensitized with DNCB and were subsequently administered arazyme for 4 weeks either orally, dorsally or orally/dorsally. Arazyme administration significantly reduced epidermal thickening and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the dermis compared with the DNCB group. However, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were not altered by arazyme treatment. Additionally, the level of secretion of interleukins (IL)‑4, ‑5 and ‑13 in the splenocytes of BALB/c mice was elevated following stimulation with concanavalin A, while the increase of IL‑4 and IL‑13 was inhibited by arazyme. Administration of arazyme (25 mg/kg in phosphate‑buffered saline) to Nc/Nga mice that had been sensitized with DNCB for 6 weeks reduced the skin severity score compared with that in the DNCB group and inhibited the histological manifestations of atopic dermatitis‑like skin lesions. In addition, the serum IgE levels were reduced in the arazyme‑treated NC/Nga mice relative to the DNCB group. Collectively, these results indicated that arazyme attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis‑like lesions via lowering the levels of IgE and inflammatory cytokines. The results of the present study will aid in the development of effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis.

Whakaora nga moemoea o nga tupuna--living the dreams of the ancestors. Future planning in a Kaupapa Māori CAMHS team.

PubMed

Elder, Hinemoa; Milne, Moe; Witehira, Heemi; Mendes, Patrick; Heslin, Anneliese; Cribb-Su'a, Ainsleigh; Wilson, Riwai; Goldsmith, Arona; Kainamu, Reena; Barrett, Moana; Love, Shar; Cargo, Tania; Kalra, Vanitha

2009-08-01

The aim of this study was to identify and operationalize aspects of a future planning process for sustainable delivery of Kaupapa Māori (Specialist Māori) mental health from a team called He Kakano, within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in South Auckland, New Zealand. A 2-day hui (meeting) was held with members of the team and a facilitator, Whaea Moe Milne. Review of background national epidemiological data, local data, information from community, carer and tangata whaiora (consumer) stakeholders and the existing He Kakano Model of Care was undertaken. Use of tikanga (Māori protocol and practices) was evident throughout the hui. A number of aspects of tikanga were identified as essential to the positive outcomes of the future plan. This paper reports one in particular, that of whakatauakī (proverbs where the originator is known). "Whakaora nga moemoea o nga tupuna--living the dreams of the ancestors" is a whakatauakī articulated by Whaea Moe Milne, which was identified as helpful in influencing the strategic planning thinking and decision-making process for He Kakano. This whakatauakī enabled the identification of shared goals, values, beliefs, behaviours and an action plan. The existing and ongoing relationship with Whaea Moe Milne was identified as an important element in the way in which the whakatauakī was received and reflected on. Use of tikanga Māori, in this case, whakatauakī, was helpful in developing future planning for He Kakano. This suggests that use of tikanga may be beneficial in other settings where planning for sustainable Māori responsive services is undertaken. Further work in this area is likely to benefit service development, strategic planning, workforce development and have an impact on improving health outcomes for Māori.

Forecasting Nonlinear Chaotic Time Series with Function Expression Method Based on an Improved Genetic-Simulated Annealing Algorithm

PubMed Central

Wang, Jun; Zhou, Bi-hua; Zhou, Shu-dao; Sheng, Zheng

2015-01-01

The paper proposes a novel function expression method to forecast chaotic time series, using an improved genetic-simulated annealing (IGSA) algorithm to establish the optimum function expression that describes the behavior of time series. In order to deal with the weakness associated with the genetic algorithm, the proposed algorithm incorporates the simulated annealing operation which has the strong local search ability into the genetic algorithm to enhance the performance of optimization; besides, the fitness function and genetic operators are also improved. Finally, the method is applied to the chaotic time series of Quadratic and Rossler maps for validation. The effect of noise in the chaotic time series is also studied numerically. The numerical results verify that the method can forecast chaotic time series with high precision and effectiveness, and the forecasting precision with certain noise is also satisfactory. It can be concluded that the IGSA algorithm is energy-efficient and superior. PMID:26000011

Scalability problems of simple genetic algorithms.

PubMed

Thierens, D

1999-01-01

Scalable evolutionary computation has become an intensively studied research topic in recent years. The issue of scalability is predominant in any field of algorithmic design, but it became particularly relevant for the design of competent genetic algorithms once the scalability problems of simple genetic algorithms were understood. Here we present some of the work that has aided in getting a clear insight in the scalability problems of simple genetic algorithms. Particularly, we discuss the important issue of building block mixing. We show how the need for mixing places a boundary in the GA parameter space that, together with the boundary from the schema theorem, delimits the region where the GA converges reliably to the optimum in problems of bounded difficulty. This region shrinks rapidly with increasing problem size unless the building blocks are tightly linked in the problem coding structure. In addition, we look at how straightforward extensions of the simple genetic algorithm-namely elitism, niching, and restricted mating are not significantly improving the scalability problems.

Forecasting nonlinear chaotic time series with function expression method based on an improved genetic-simulated annealing algorithm.

PubMed

Wang, Jun; Zhou, Bi-hua; Zhou, Shu-dao; Sheng, Zheng

2015-01-01

The paper proposes a novel function expression method to forecast chaotic time series, using an improved genetic-simulated annealing (IGSA) algorithm to establish the optimum function expression that describes the behavior of time series. In order to deal with the weakness associated with the genetic algorithm, the proposed algorithm incorporates the simulated annealing operation which has the strong local search ability into the genetic algorithm to enhance the performance of optimization; besides, the fitness function and genetic operators are also improved. Finally, the method is applied to the chaotic time series of Quadratic and Rossler maps for validation. The effect of noise in the chaotic time series is also studied numerically. The numerical results verify that the method can forecast chaotic time series with high precision and effectiveness, and the forecasting precision with certain noise is also satisfactory. It can be concluded that the IGSA algorithm is energy-efficient and superior.

An investigation of messy genetic algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldberg, David E.; Deb, Kalyanmoy; Korb, Bradley

1990-01-01

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are search procedures based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. They combine the use of string codings or artificial chromosomes and populations with the selective and juxtapositional power of reproduction and recombination to motivate a surprisingly powerful search heuristic in many problems. Despite their empirical success, there has been a long standing objection to the use of GAs in arbitrarily difficult problems. A new approach was launched. Results to a 30-bit, order-three-deception problem were obtained using a new type of genetic algorithm called a messy genetic algorithm (mGAs). Messy genetic algorithms combine the use of variable-length strings, a two-phase selection scheme, and messy genetic operators to effect a solution to the fixed-coding problem of standard simple GAs. The results of the study of mGAs in problems with nonuniform subfunction scale and size are presented. The mGA approach is summarized, both its operation and the theory of its use. Experiments on problems of varying scale, varying building-block size, and combined varying scale and size are presented.

Global Optimization of a Periodic System using a Genetic Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stucke, David; Crespi, Vincent

2001-03-01

We use a novel application of a genetic algorithm global optimizatin technique to find the lowest energy structures for periodic systems. We apply this technique to colloidal crystals for several different stoichiometries of binary and trinary colloidal crystals. This application of a genetic algorithm is decribed and results of likely candidate structures are presented.

Research and application of multi-agent genetic algorithm in tower defense game

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Shaohua

2018-04-01

In this paper, a new multi-agent genetic algorithm based on orthogonal experiment is proposed, which is based on multi-agent system, genetic algorithm and orthogonal experimental design. The design of neighborhood competition operator, orthogonal crossover operator, Son and self-learning operator. The new algorithm is applied to mobile tower defense game, according to the characteristics of the game, the establishment of mathematical models, and finally increases the value of the game's monster.

Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Using A Real-Number-Encoded Genetic Algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holst, Terry L.; Pulliam, Thomas H.

2001-01-01

A new method for aerodynamic shape optimization using a genetic algorithm with real number encoding is presented. The algorithm is used to optimize three different problems, a simple hill climbing problem, a quasi-one-dimensional nozzle problem using an Euler equation solver and a three-dimensional transonic wing problem using a nonlinear potential solver. Results indicate that the genetic algorithm is easy to implement and extremely reliable, being relatively insensitive to design space noise.

Genetic algorithms as global random search methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peck, Charles C.; Dhawan, Atam P.

1995-01-01

Genetic algorithm behavior is described in terms of the construction and evolution of the sampling distributions over the space of candidate solutions. This novel perspective is motivated by analysis indicating that the schema theory is inadequate for completely and properly explaining genetic algorithm behavior. Based on the proposed theory, it is argued that the similarities of candidate solutions should be exploited directly, rather than encoding candidate solutions and then exploiting their similarities. Proportional selection is characterized as a global search operator, and recombination is characterized as the search process that exploits similarities. Sequential algorithms and many deletion methods are also analyzed. It is shown that by properly constraining the search breadth of recombination operators, convergence of genetic algorithms to a global optimum can be ensured.

Genetic algorithms as global random search methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peck, Charles C.; Dhawan, Atam P.

1995-01-01

Genetic algorithm behavior is described in terms of the construction and evolution of the sampling distributions over the space of candidate solutions. This novel perspective is motivated by analysis indicating that that schema theory is inadequate for completely and properly explaining genetic algorithm behavior. Based on the proposed theory, it is argued that the similarities of candidate solutions should be exploited directly, rather than encoding candidate solution and then exploiting their similarities. Proportional selection is characterized as a global search operator, and recombination is characterized as the search process that exploits similarities. Sequential algorithms and many deletion methods are also analyzed. It is shown that by properly constraining the search breadth of recombination operators, convergence of genetic algorithms to a global optimum can be ensured.

Genetic Algorithm Calibration of Probabilistic Cellular Automata for Modeling Mining Permit Activity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Louis, S.J.; Raines, G.L.

2003-01-01

We use a genetic algorithm to calibrate a spatially and temporally resolved cellular automata to model mining activity on public land in Idaho and western Montana. The genetic algorithm searches through a space of transition rule parameters of a two dimensional cellular automata model to find rule parameters that fit observed mining activity data. Previous work by one of the authors in calibrating the cellular automaton took weeks - the genetic algorithm takes a day and produces rules leading to about the same (or better) fit to observed data. These preliminary results indicate that genetic algorithms are a viable tool in calibrating cellular automata for this application. Experience gained during the calibration of this cellular automata suggests that mineral resource information is a critical factor in the quality of the results. With automated calibration, further refinements of how the mineral-resource information is provided to the cellular automaton will probably improve our model.

Hybrid genetic algorithm in the Hopfield network for maximum 2-satisfiability problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasihmuddin, Mohd Shareduwan Mohd; Sathasivam, Saratha; Mansor, Mohd. Asyraf

2017-08-01

Heuristic method was designed for finding optimal solution more quickly compared to classical methods which are too complex to comprehend. In this study, a hybrid approach that utilizes Hopfield network and genetic algorithm in doing maximum 2-Satisfiability problem (MAX-2SAT) was proposed. Hopfield neural network was used to minimize logical inconsistency in interpretations of logic clauses or program. Genetic algorithm (GA) has pioneered the implementation of methods that exploit the idea of combination and reproduce a better solution. The simulation incorporated with and without genetic algorithm will be examined by using Microsoft Visual 2013 C++ Express software. The performance of both searching techniques in doing MAX-2SAT was evaluate based on global minima ratio, ratio of satisfied clause and computation time. The result obtained form the computer simulation demonstrates the effectiveness and acceleration features of genetic algorithm in doing MAX-2SAT in Hopfield network.

Genetic Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem with Modified Cycle Crossover Operator

PubMed Central

Mohamd Shoukry, Alaa; Gani, Showkat

2017-01-01

Genetic algorithms are evolutionary techniques used for optimization purposes according to survival of the fittest idea. These methods do not ensure optimal solutions; however, they give good approximation usually in time. The genetic algorithms are useful for NP-hard problems, especially the traveling salesman problem. The genetic algorithm depends on selection criteria, crossover, and mutation operators. To tackle the traveling salesman problem using genetic algorithms, there are various representations such as binary, path, adjacency, ordinal, and matrix representations. In this article, we propose a new crossover operator for traveling salesman problem to minimize the total distance. This approach has been linked with path representation, which is the most natural way to represent a legal tour. Computational results are also reported with some traditional path representation methods like partially mapped and order crossovers along with new cycle crossover operator for some benchmark TSPLIB instances and found improvements. PMID:29209364

Genetic Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem with Modified Cycle Crossover Operator.

PubMed

Hussain, Abid; Muhammad, Yousaf Shad; Nauman Sajid, M; Hussain, Ijaz; Mohamd Shoukry, Alaa; Gani, Showkat

2017-01-01

Genetic algorithms are evolutionary techniques used for optimization purposes according to survival of the fittest idea. These methods do not ensure optimal solutions; however, they give good approximation usually in time. The genetic algorithms are useful for NP-hard problems, especially the traveling salesman problem. The genetic algorithm depends on selection criteria, crossover, and mutation operators. To tackle the traveling salesman problem using genetic algorithms, there are various representations such as binary, path, adjacency, ordinal, and matrix representations. In this article, we propose a new crossover operator for traveling salesman problem to minimize the total distance. This approach has been linked with path representation, which is the most natural way to represent a legal tour. Computational results are also reported with some traditional path representation methods like partially mapped and order crossovers along with new cycle crossover operator for some benchmark TSPLIB instances and found improvements.

A modified genetic algorithm with fuzzy roulette wheel selection for job-shop scheduling problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thammano, Arit; Teekeng, Wannaporn

2015-05-01

The job-shop scheduling problem is one of the most difficult production planning problems. Since it is in the NP-hard class, a recent trend in solving the job-shop scheduling problem is shifting towards the use of heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms. This paper proposes a novel metaheuristic algorithm, which is a modification of the genetic algorithm. This proposed algorithm introduces two new concepts to the standard genetic algorithm: (1) fuzzy roulette wheel selection and (2) the mutation operation with tabu list. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated and compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms in the literature. The experimental results on 53 JSSPs show that the proposed algorithm is very effective in solving the combinatorial optimization problems. It outperforms all state-of-the-art algorithms on all benchmark problems in terms of the ability to achieve the optimal solution and the computational time.

A New Challenge for Compression Algorithms: Genetic Sequences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grumbach, Stephane; Tahi, Fariza

1994-01-01

Analyzes the properties of genetic sequences that cause the failure of classical algorithms used for data compression. A lossless algorithm, which compresses the information contained in DNA and RNA sequences by detecting regularities such as palindromes, is presented. This algorithm combines substitutional and statistical methods and appears to…

Firefly algorithm versus genetic algorithm as powerful variable selection tools and their effect on different multivariate calibration models in spectroscopy: A comparative study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Attia, Khalid A. M.; Nassar, Mohammed W. I.; El-Zeiny, Mohamed B.; Serag, Ahmed

2017-01-01

For the first time, a new variable selection method based on swarm intelligence namely firefly algorithm is coupled with three different multivariate calibration models namely, concentration residual augmented classical least squares, artificial neural network and support vector regression in UV spectral data. A comparative study between the firefly algorithm and the well-known genetic algorithm was developed. The discussion revealed the superiority of using this new powerful algorithm over the well-known genetic algorithm. Moreover, different statistical tests were performed and no significant differences were found between all the models regarding their predictabilities. This ensures that simpler and faster models were obtained without any deterioration of the quality of the calibration.

Effect of NGA West-2 Predictive Ground Motion Equations on Loss

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jemberie, A. L.

2014-12-01

Individual Predictive Ground Motion Equations (PGMEs) of the NGA West-2 project have been analyzed for possible differences in loss for certain locations in California. Differences between the individual hazard curves are pronounced in the loss results. The differences are more than a factor of 2 for longer return periods between the Gross losses from the individual PGMEs. Similar differences are also found between the Average Annual Losses from the individual PGMEs. This indicates the difficulty in choosing any one of the PGMEs except using the weighted average of them. Comparisons between losses from the 2008 and 2014 models are also reported.

Point-source stochastic-method simulations of ground motions for the PEER NGA-East Project

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boore, David

2015-01-01

Ground-motions for the PEER NGA-East project were simulated using a point-source stochastic method. The simulated motions are provided for distances between of 0 and 1200 km, M from 4 to 8, and 25 ground-motion intensity measures: peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and 5%-damped pseudoabsolute response spectral acceleration (PSA) for 23 periods ranging from 0.01 s to 10.0 s. Tables of motions are provided for each of six attenuation models. The attenuation-model-dependent stress parameters used in the stochastic-method simulations were derived from inversion of PSA data from eight earthquakes in eastern North America.

MaNGA: Target selection and Optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wake, David

2015-01-01

The 6-year SDSS-IV MaNGA survey will measure spatially resolved spectroscopy for 10,000 nearby galaxies using the Sloan 2.5m telescope and the BOSS spectrographs with a new fiber arrangement consisting of 17 individually deployable IFUs. We present the simultaneous design of the target selection and IFU size distribution to optimally meet our targeting requirements. The requirements for the main samples were to use simple cuts in redshift and magnitude to produce an approximately flat number density of targets as a function of stellar mass, ranging from 1x109 to 1x1011 M⊙, and radial coverage to either 1.5 (Primary sample) or 2.5 (Secondary sample) effective radii, while maximizing S/N and spatial resolution. In addition we constructed a 'Color-Enhanced' sample where we required 25% of the targets to have an approximately flat number density in the color and mass plane. We show how these requirements are met using simple absolute magnitude (and color) dependent redshift cuts applied to an extended version of the NASA Sloan Atlas (NSA), how this determines the distribution of IFU sizes and the resulting properties of the MaNGA sample.

MaNGA: Target selection and Optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wake, David

2016-01-01

The 6-year SDSS-IV MaNGA survey will measure spatially resolved spectroscopy for 10,000 nearby galaxies using the Sloan 2.5m telescope and the BOSS spectrographs with a new fiber arrangement consisting of 17 individually deployable IFUs. We present the simultaneous design of the target selection and IFU size distribution to optimally meet our targeting requirements. The requirements for the main samples were to use simple cuts in redshift and magnitude to produce an approximately flat number density of targets as a function of stellar mass, ranging from 1x109 to 1x1011 M⊙, and radial coverage to either 1.5 (Primary sample) or 2.5 (Secondary sample) effective radii, while maximizing S/N and spatial resolution. In addition we constructed a "Color-Enhanced" sample where we required 25% of the targets to have an approximately flat number density in the color and mass plane. We show how these requirements are met using simple absolute magnitude (and color) dependent redshift cuts applied to an extended version of the NASA Sloan Atlas (NSA), how this determines the distribution of IFU sizes and the resulting properties of the MaNGA sample.

Aspartame Attenuates 2, 4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Clinical Symptoms in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Kim, Gun-Dong; Park, Yong Seek; Ahn, Hyun-Jong; Cho, Jeong-Je; Park, Cheung-Seog

2015-11-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common multifactorial chronic skin disease that has a multiple and complex pathogenesis. AD is gradually increasing in prevalence globally. In NC/Nga mice, repetitive applications of 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) evoke AD-like clinical symptoms similar to human AD. Aspartame (N-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester) is a methyl ester of a dipeptide, which is used as an artificial non-nutritive sweetener. Aspartame has analgesic and anti-inflammatory functions that are similar to the function of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. We investigated whether aspartame can relieve AD-like clinical symptoms induced by DNFB treatment in NC/Nga mice. Sucrose did not relieve AD-like symptoms, whereas aspartame at doses of 0.5 μg kg(-1) and 0.5 mg kg(-1) inhibited ear swelling and relieved AD-like clinical symptoms. Aspartame inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophils, mast cells, and CD4(+) T cells, and suppressed the expression of cytokines including IL-4 and IFN-γ, and total serum IgE levels. Aspartame may have therapeutic value in the treatment of AD.

Development of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic/disease progression model in NC/Nga mice for development of novel anti-atopic dermatitis drugs.

PubMed

Baek, In-Hwan; Lee, Byung-Yo; Chae, Jung-Woo; Song, Gyu Yong; Kang, Wonku; Kwon, Kwang-Il

2014-11-01

1. JHL45, a novel immune modulator against atopic dermatitis (AD), was synthesized from decursin isolated from Angelica gigas. The goal is to evaluate the lead compound using quantitative modeling approaches to novel anti-AD drug development. 2. We tested the anti-inflammatory effect of JHL45 by in vitro screening, characterized its in vitro pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. The dose-dependent efficacy of JHL45 was developed using a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics/disease progression (PK/PD/DIS) model in NC/Nga mice. 3. JHL45 has drug-like properties and pharmacological effects when administered orally to treat atopic dermatitis. The developed PK/PD/DIS model described well the rapid metabolism of JHL45, double-peak phenomenon in the PK of decursinol and inhibition of IgE generation by compounds in NC/Nga mice. Also, a quantitative model was developed and used to elucidate the complex interactions between serum IgE concentration and atopic dermatitis symptoms. 4. Our findings indicate that JHL45 has good physicochemical properties and powerful pharmacological effects when administered orally for treatment of AD in rodents.

Substance P restores normal skin architecture and reduces epidermal infiltration of sensory nerve fiber in TNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Choi, Hyeongwon; Kim, Dong-Jin; Nam, Seungwoo; Lim, Sunki; Hwang, Jae-Sung; Park, Ki Sook; Hong, Hyun Sook; Won, Younsun; Shin, Min Kyung; Chung, Eunkyung; Son, Youngsook

2018-03-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense pruritus and eczematous lesion. Substance P (SP) is an 11-amino-acid endogenous neuropeptide that belongs to the tachykinin family and several reports recently have supported the anti-inflammatory and tissue repairing roles of SP. In this study, we investigated whether SP can improve AD symptoms, especially the impaired skin barrier function, in 2, 4, 6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced chronic dermatitis of NC/Nga mice or not. AD-like dermatitis was induced in NC/Nga mice by repeated sensitization with TNCB for 5 weeks. The experimental group designations and topical treatments were as follows: vehicle group (AD-VE); SP group (AD-SP); and SP with NK1R antagonist CP99994 (AD-SP-A) group. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate epidermal differentiation, dermal integrity, and epidermal nerve innervation in AD-like lesions. The skin barrier functions and pruritus of NC/Nga mice were evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and scratching behavior, respectively. Topical SP treatment resulted in significant down-regulation of Ki67 and the abnormal-type keratins (K) K6, K16, and K17, restoration of filaggrin and claudin-1, marked reduction of TEWL, and restoration of basement membrane and dermal collagen deposition, even under continuous sensitization of low dose TNCB. In addition, SP significantly reduced innervation of itch-evoking nerve fibers, gelatinase activity and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in the epidermis but upregulated semaphorin-3A (Sema3A) expression in the epidermis, along with reduced scratching behavior in TNCB-treated NC/Nga mice. All of these effects were completely reversed by co-treatment with the NK1R antagonist CP99994. In cultured human keratinocytes, SP treatment reduced expression of TGF-α, but upregulated TGF-β and Sema3A. Topically administered SP can restore normal skin barrier function, reduce epidermal infiltration of itch-evoking nerve fibers in the AD-like skin lesions, and alleviate scratching behavior. Thus, SP may be proposed as a potential medication for chronic dermatitis and AD. Copyright © 2017 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Refined genetic algorithm -- Economic dispatch example

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sheble, G.B.; Brittig, K.

1995-02-01

A genetic-based algorithm is used to solve an economic dispatch (ED) problem. The algorithm utilizes payoff information of perspective solutions to evaluate optimality. Thus, the constraints of classical LaGrangian techniques on unit curves are eliminated. Using an economic dispatch problem as a basis for comparison, several different techniques which enhance program efficiency and accuracy, such as mutation prediction, elitism, interval approximation and penalty factors, are explored. Two unique genetic algorithms are also compared. The results are verified for a sample problem using a classical technique.

Immune allied genetic algorithm for Bayesian network structure learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Qin; Lin, Feng; Sun, Wei; Chang, KC

2012-06-01

Bayesian network (BN) structure learning is a NP-hard problem. In this paper, we present an improved approach to enhance efficiency of BN structure learning. To avoid premature convergence in traditional single-group genetic algorithm (GA), we propose an immune allied genetic algorithm (IAGA) in which the multiple-population and allied strategy are introduced. Moreover, in the algorithm, we apply prior knowledge by injecting immune operator to individuals which can effectively prevent degeneration. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, we present some experimental results.

Flexible Space-Filling Designs for Complex System Simulations

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

interior of the experimental region and cannot fit higher-order models. We present a genetic algorithm that constructs space-filling designs with...Computer Experiments, Design of Experiments, Genetic Algorithm , Latin Hypercube, Response Surface Methodology, Nearly Orthogonal 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 147...experimental region and cannot fit higher-order models. We present a genetic algorithm that constructs space-filling designs with minimal correlations

Genetic algorithms in conceptual design of a light-weight, low-noise, tilt-rotor aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wells, Valana L.

1996-01-01

This report outlines research accomplishments in the area of using genetic algorithms (GA) for the design and optimization of rotorcraft. It discusses the genetic algorithm as a search and optimization tool, outlines a procedure for using the GA in the conceptual design of helicopters, and applies the GA method to the acoustic design of rotors.

Self-calibration of a noisy multiple-sensor system with genetic algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brooks, Richard R.; Iyengar, S. Sitharama; Chen, Jianhua

1996-01-01

This paper explores an image processing application of optimization techniques which entails interpreting noisy sensor data. The application is a generalization of image correlation; we attempt to find the optimal gruence which matches two overlapping gray-scale images corrupted with noise. Both taboo search and genetic algorithms are used to find the parameters which match the two images. A genetic algorithm approach using an elitist reproduction scheme is found to provide significantly superior results. The presentation includes a graphic presentation of the paths taken by tabu search and genetic algorithms when trying to find the best possible match between two corrupted images.

Increasing Prediction the Original Final Year Project of Student Using Genetic Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saragih, Rijois Iboy Erwin; Turnip, Mardi; Sitanggang, Delima; Aritonang, Mendarissan; Harianja, Eva

2018-04-01

Final year project is very important forgraduation study of a student. Unfortunately, many students are not seriouslydidtheir final projects. Many of studentsask for someone to do it for them. In this paper, an application of genetic algorithms to predict the original final year project of a studentis proposed. In the simulation, the data of the final project for the last 5 years is collected. The genetic algorithm has several operators namely population, selection, crossover, and mutation. The result suggest that genetic algorithm can do better prediction than other comparable model. Experimental results of predicting showed that 70% was more accurate than the previous researched.

3D Protein structure prediction with genetic tabu search algorithm

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Protein structure prediction (PSP) has important applications in different fields, such as drug design, disease prediction, and so on. In protein structure prediction, there are two important issues. The first one is the design of the structure model and the second one is the design of the optimization technology. Because of the complexity of the realistic protein structure, the structure model adopted in this paper is a simplified model, which is called off-lattice AB model. After the structure model is assumed, optimization technology is needed for searching the best conformation of a protein sequence based on the assumed structure model. However, PSP is an NP-hard problem even if the simplest model is assumed. Thus, many algorithms have been developed to solve the global optimization problem. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm, which combines genetic algorithm (GA) and tabu search (TS) algorithm, is developed to complete this task. Results In order to develop an efficient optimization algorithm, several improved strategies are developed for the proposed genetic tabu search algorithm. The combined use of these strategies can improve the efficiency of the algorithm. In these strategies, tabu search introduced into the crossover and mutation operators can improve the local search capability, the adoption of variable population size strategy can maintain the diversity of the population, and the ranking selection strategy can improve the possibility of an individual with low energy value entering into next generation. Experiments are performed with Fibonacci sequences and real protein sequences. Experimental results show that the lowest energy obtained by the proposed GATS algorithm is lower than that obtained by previous methods. Conclusions The hybrid algorithm has the advantages from both genetic algorithm and tabu search algorithm. It makes use of the advantage of multiple search points in genetic algorithm, and can overcome poor hill-climbing capability in the conventional genetic algorithm by using the flexible memory functions of TS. Compared with some previous algorithms, GATS algorithm has better performance in global optimization and can predict 3D protein structure more effectively. PMID:20522256

Genetic Algorithms Applied to Multi-Objective Aerodynamic Shape Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holst, Terry L.

2004-01-01

A genetic algorithm approach suitable for solving multi-objective optimization problems is described and evaluated using a series of aerodynamic shape optimization problems. Several new features including two variations of a binning selection algorithm and a gene-space transformation procedure are included. The genetic algorithm is suitable for finding pareto optimal solutions in search spaces that are defined by any number of genes and that contain any number of local extrema. A new masking array capability is included allowing any gene or gene subset to be eliminated as decision variables from the design space. This allows determination of the effect of a single gene or gene subset on the pareto optimal solution. Results indicate that the genetic algorithm optimization approach is flexible in application and reliable. The binning selection algorithms generally provide pareto front quality enhancements and moderate convergence efficiency improvements for most of the problems solved.

Genetic Algorithms Applied to Multi-Objective Aerodynamic Shape Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holst, Terry L.

2005-01-01

A genetic algorithm approach suitable for solving multi-objective problems is described and evaluated using a series of aerodynamic shape optimization problems. Several new features including two variations of a binning selection algorithm and a gene-space transformation procedure are included. The genetic algorithm is suitable for finding Pareto optimal solutions in search spaces that are defined by any number of genes and that contain any number of local extrema. A new masking array capability is included allowing any gene or gene subset to be eliminated as decision variables from the design space. This allows determination of the effect of a single gene or gene subset on the Pareto optimal solution. Results indicate that the genetic algorithm optimization approach is flexible in application and reliable. The binning selection algorithms generally provide Pareto front quality enhancements and moderate convergence efficiency improvements for most of the problems solved.

Genetic algorithm dynamics on a rugged landscape

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bornholdt, Stefan

1998-04-01

The genetic algorithm is an optimization procedure motivated by biological evolution and is successfully applied to optimization problems in different areas. A statistical mechanics model for its dynamics is proposed based on the parent-child fitness correlation of the genetic operators, making it applicable to general fitness landscapes. It is compared to a recent model based on a maximum entropy ansatz. Finally it is applied to modeling the dynamics of a genetic algorithm on the rugged fitness landscape of the NK model.

Sequential and Mixed Genetic Algorithm and Learning Automata (SGALA, MGALA) for Feature Selection in QSAR

PubMed Central

MotieGhader, Habib; Gharaghani, Sajjad; Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh, Yosef; Masoudi-Nejad, Ali

2017-01-01

Feature selection is of great importance in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis. This problem has been solved using some meta-heuristic algorithms such as GA, PSO, ACO and so on. In this work two novel hybrid meta-heuristic algorithms i.e. Sequential GA and LA (SGALA) and Mixed GA and LA (MGALA), which are based on Genetic algorithm and learning automata for QSAR feature selection are proposed. SGALA algorithm uses advantages of Genetic algorithm and Learning Automata sequentially and the MGALA algorithm uses advantages of Genetic Algorithm and Learning Automata simultaneously. We applied our proposed algorithms to select the minimum possible number of features from three different datasets and also we observed that the MGALA and SGALA algorithms had the best outcome independently and in average compared to other feature selection algorithms. Through comparison of our proposed algorithms, we deduced that the rate of convergence to optimal result in MGALA and SGALA algorithms were better than the rate of GA, ACO, PSO and LA algorithms. In the end, the results of GA, ACO, PSO, LA, SGALA, and MGALA algorithms were applied as the input of LS-SVR model and the results from LS-SVR models showed that the LS-SVR model had more predictive ability with the input from SGALA and MGALA algorithms than the input from all other mentioned algorithms. Therefore, the results have corroborated that not only is the predictive efficiency of proposed algorithms better, but their rate of convergence is also superior to the all other mentioned algorithms. PMID:28979308

Sequential and Mixed Genetic Algorithm and Learning Automata (SGALA, MGALA) for Feature Selection in QSAR.

PubMed

MotieGhader, Habib; Gharaghani, Sajjad; Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh, Yosef; Masoudi-Nejad, Ali

2017-01-01

Feature selection is of great importance in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis. This problem has been solved using some meta-heuristic algorithms such as GA, PSO, ACO and so on. In this work two novel hybrid meta-heuristic algorithms i.e. Sequential GA and LA (SGALA) and Mixed GA and LA (MGALA), which are based on Genetic algorithm and learning automata for QSAR feature selection are proposed. SGALA algorithm uses advantages of Genetic algorithm and Learning Automata sequentially and the MGALA algorithm uses advantages of Genetic Algorithm and Learning Automata simultaneously. We applied our proposed algorithms to select the minimum possible number of features from three different datasets and also we observed that the MGALA and SGALA algorithms had the best outcome independently and in average compared to other feature selection algorithms. Through comparison of our proposed algorithms, we deduced that the rate of convergence to optimal result in MGALA and SGALA algorithms were better than the rate of GA, ACO, PSO and LA algorithms. In the end, the results of GA, ACO, PSO, LA, SGALA, and MGALA algorithms were applied as the input of LS-SVR model and the results from LS-SVR models showed that the LS-SVR model had more predictive ability with the input from SGALA and MGALA algorithms than the input from all other mentioned algorithms. Therefore, the results have corroborated that not only is the predictive efficiency of proposed algorithms better, but their rate of convergence is also superior to the all other mentioned algorithms.

An Improved Hierarchical Genetic Algorithm for Sheet Cutting Scheduling with Process Constraints

PubMed Central

Rao, Yunqing; Qi, Dezhong; Li, Jinling

2013-01-01

For the first time, an improved hierarchical genetic algorithm for sheet cutting problem which involves n cutting patterns for m non-identical parallel machines with process constraints has been proposed in the integrated cutting stock model. The objective of the cutting scheduling problem is minimizing the weighted completed time. A mathematical model for this problem is presented, an improved hierarchical genetic algorithm (ant colony—hierarchical genetic algorithm) is developed for better solution, and a hierarchical coding method is used based on the characteristics of the problem. Furthermore, to speed up convergence rates and resolve local convergence issues, a kind of adaptive crossover probability and mutation probability is used in this algorithm. The computational result and comparison prove that the presented approach is quite effective for the considered problem. PMID:24489491

An improved hierarchical genetic algorithm for sheet cutting scheduling with process constraints.

PubMed

Rao, Yunqing; Qi, Dezhong; Li, Jinling

2013-01-01

For the first time, an improved hierarchical genetic algorithm for sheet cutting problem which involves n cutting patterns for m non-identical parallel machines with process constraints has been proposed in the integrated cutting stock model. The objective of the cutting scheduling problem is minimizing the weighted completed time. A mathematical model for this problem is presented, an improved hierarchical genetic algorithm (ant colony--hierarchical genetic algorithm) is developed for better solution, and a hierarchical coding method is used based on the characteristics of the problem. Furthermore, to speed up convergence rates and resolve local convergence issues, a kind of adaptive crossover probability and mutation probability is used in this algorithm. The computational result and comparison prove that the presented approach is quite effective for the considered problem.

Pose estimation for augmented reality applications using genetic algorithm.

PubMed

Yu, Ying Kin; Wong, Kin Hong; Chang, Michael Ming Yuen

2005-12-01

This paper describes a genetic algorithm that tackles the pose-estimation problem in computer vision. Our genetic algorithm can find the rotation and translation of an object accurately when the three-dimensional structure of the object is given. In our implementation, each chromosome encodes both the pose and the indexes to the selected point features of the object. Instead of only searching for the pose as in the existing work, our algorithm, at the same time, searches for a set containing the most reliable feature points in the process. This mismatch filtering strategy successfully makes the algorithm more robust under the presence of point mismatches and outliers in the images. Our algorithm has been tested with both synthetic and real data with good results. The accuracy of the recovered pose is compared to the existing algorithms. Our approach outperformed the Lowe's method and the other two genetic algorithms under the presence of point mismatches and outliers. In addition, it has been used to estimate the pose of a real object. It is shown that the proposed method is applicable to augmented reality applications.

Optimization of laminated stacking sequence for buckling load maximization by genetic algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Le Riche, Rodolphe; Haftka, Raphael T.

1992-01-01

The use of a genetic algorithm to optimize the stacking sequence of a composite laminate for buckling load maximization is studied. Various genetic parameters including the population size, the probability of mutation, and the probability of crossover are optimized by numerical experiments. A new genetic operator - permutation - is proposed and shown to be effective in reducing the cost of the genetic search. Results are obtained for a graphite-epoxy plate, first when only the buckling load is considered, and then when constraints on ply contiguity and strain failure are added. The influence on the genetic search of the penalty parameter enforcing the contiguity constraint is studied. The advantage of the genetic algorithm in producing several near-optimal designs is discussed.

Development of a Tool for an Efficient Calibration of CORSIM Models

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

This project proposes a Memetic Algorithm (MA) for the calibration of microscopic traffic flow simulation models. The proposed MA includes a combination of genetic and simulated annealing algorithms. The genetic algorithm performs the exploration of ...

Engineered Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ammonium Perchlorate in Groundwater

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures) GA Genetic Algorithms GA-ANN Genetic Algorithm Artificial Neural Network GMO genetically...for in situ treatment of perchlorate in groundwater. This is accomplished without the addition of genetically engineered microorganisms ( GMOs ) to the...perchlorate, even in the presence of oxygen and without the addition of genetically engineered microorganisms ( GMOs ) to the environment. This approach

[Algorithm of toxigenic genetically altered Vibrio cholerae El Tor biovar strain identification].

PubMed

Smirnova, N I; Agafonov, D A; Zadnova, S P; Cherkasov, A V; Kutyrev, V V

2014-01-01

Development of an algorithm of genetically altered Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor strai identification that ensures determination of serogroup, serovar and biovar of the studied isolate based on pheno- and genotypic properties, detection of genetically altered cholera El Tor causative agents, their differentiation by epidemic potential as well as evaluation of variability of key pathogenicity genes. Complex analysis of 28 natural V. cholerae strains was carried out by using traditional microbiological methods, PCR and fragmentary sequencing. An algorithm of toxigenic genetically altered V. cholerae biovar El Tor strain identification was developed that includes 4 stages: determination of serogroup, serovar and biovar based on phenotypic properties, confirmation of serogroup and biovar based on molecular-genetic properties determination of strains as genetically altered, differentiation of genetically altered strains by their epidemic potential and detection of ctxB and tcpA key pathogenicity gene polymorphism. The algorithm is based on the use of traditional microbiological methods, PCR and sequencing of gene fragments. The use of the developed algorithm will increase the effectiveness of detection of genetically altered variants of the cholera El Tor causative agent, their differentiation by epidemic potential and will ensure establishment of polymorphism of genes that code key pathogenicity factors for determination of origins of the strains and possible routes of introduction of the infection.

Firefly algorithm versus genetic algorithm as powerful variable selection tools and their effect on different multivariate calibration models in spectroscopy: A comparative study.

PubMed

Attia, Khalid A M; Nassar, Mohammed W I; El-Zeiny, Mohamed B; Serag, Ahmed

2017-01-05

For the first time, a new variable selection method based on swarm intelligence namely firefly algorithm is coupled with three different multivariate calibration models namely, concentration residual augmented classical least squares, artificial neural network and support vector regression in UV spectral data. A comparative study between the firefly algorithm and the well-known genetic algorithm was developed. The discussion revealed the superiority of using this new powerful algorithm over the well-known genetic algorithm. Moreover, different statistical tests were performed and no significant differences were found between all the models regarding their predictabilities. This ensures that simpler and faster models were obtained without any deterioration of the quality of the calibration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Distributed genetic algorithms for the floorplan design problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cohoon, James P.; Hegde, Shailesh U.; Martin, Worthy N.; Richards, Dana S.

1991-01-01

Designing a VLSI floorplan calls for arranging a given set of modules in the plane to minimize the weighted sum of area and wire-length measures. A method of solving the floorplan design problem using distributed genetic algorithms is presented. Distributed genetic algorithms, based on the paleontological theory of punctuated equilibria, offer a conceptual modification to the traditional genetic algorithms. Experimental results on several problem instances demonstrate the efficacy of this method and indicate the advantages of this method over other methods, such as simulated annealing. The method has performed better than the simulated annealing approach, both in terms of the average cost of the solutions found and the best-found solution, in almost all the problem instances tried.

Evolving aerodynamic airfoils for wind turbines through a genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hernández, J. J.; Gómez, E.; Grageda, J. I.; Couder, C.; Solís, A.; Hanotel, C. L.; Ledesma, JI

2017-01-01

Nowadays, genetic algorithms stand out for airfoil optimisation, due to the virtues of mutation and crossing-over techniques. In this work we propose a genetic algorithm with arithmetic crossover rules. The optimisation criteria are taken to be the maximisation of both aerodynamic efficiency and lift coefficient, while minimising drag coefficient. Such algorithm shows greatly improvements in computational costs, as well as a high performance by obtaining optimised airfoils for Mexico City's specific wind conditions from generic wind turbines designed for higher Reynolds numbers, in few iterations.

An Agent Inspired Reconfigurable Computing Implementation of a Genetic Algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weir, John M.; Wells, B. Earl

2003-01-01

Many software systems have been successfully implemented using an agent paradigm which employs a number of independent entities that communicate with one another to achieve a common goal. The distributed nature of such a paradigm makes it an excellent candidate for use in high speed reconfigurable computing hardware environments such as those present in modem FPGA's. In this paper, a distributed genetic algorithm that can be applied to the agent based reconfigurable hardware model is introduced. The effectiveness of this new algorithm is evaluated by comparing the quality of the solutions found by the new algorithm with those found by traditional genetic algorithms. The performance of a reconfigurable hardware implementation of the new algorithm on an FPGA is compared to traditional single processor implementations.

Phase Reconstruction from FROG Using Genetic Algorithms[Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Omenetto, F.G.; Nicholson, J.W.; Funk, D.J.

1999-04-12

The authors describe a new technique for obtaining the phase and electric field from FROG measurements using genetic algorithms. Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) has gained prominence as a technique for characterizing ultrashort pulses. FROG consists of a spectrally resolved autocorrelation of the pulse to be measured. Typically a combination of iterative algorithms is used, applying constraints from experimental data, and alternating between the time and frequency domain, in order to retrieve an optical pulse. The authors have developed a new approach to retrieving the intensity and phase from FROG data using a genetic algorithm (GA). A GA is a generalmore » parallel search technique that operates on a population of potential solutions simultaneously. Operators in a genetic algorithm, such as crossover, selection, and mutation are based on ideas taken from evolution.« less

Geospatial intelligence workforce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Showstack, Randy

2013-02-01

A report on the future U.S. workforce for geospatial intelligence, requested by the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), found that the agency—which hires about 300 scientists and analysts annually—is probably finding sufficient experts to fill the needs in all of its core areas, with the possible exception of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing. The report by the U.S. National Research Council, released on 25 January, noted that competition for GIS applications analysts is strong. While there appear to be enough cartographers, photogrammetrists, and geodesists to meet NGA's current needs in those core areas, the report cautioned that future shortages in these areas seem likely because of a relatively small number of graduates.

Quarterly report for the NGA FFCA project, July 1--September 30, 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1994-12-31

Summaries are presented of activities and meetings related to the National Governor`s Association (NGA) Federal Facilities Compliance Act (FFCA) project. The objective of this project is the management of mixed radioactive and hazardous wastes. Activities include: execution of grants to states to fund a review and development of the site treatment plans; determination of interest in a proposed cost model to be developed by EG and G; determination of the major issues that need to be addressed prior to the release of the Draft Site Treatment Plans; and development of a draft Commercial Mixed Waste Issue Paper which was distributedmore » for review and comment.« less

1-kV vertical Ga2O3 field-plated Schottky barrier diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konishi, Keita; Goto, Ken; Murakami, Hisashi; Kumagai, Yoshinao; Kuramata, Akito; Yamakoshi, Shigenobu; Higashiwaki, Masataka

2017-03-01

Ga2O3 field-plated Schottky barrier diodes (FP-SBDs) were fabricated on a Si-doped n--Ga2O3 drift layer grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy on a Sn-doped n+-Ga2O3 (001) substrate. The specific on-resistance of the Ga2O3 FP-SBD was estimated to be 5.1 mΩ.cm2. Successful field-plate engineering resulted in a high breakdown voltage of 1076 V. A larger-than-expected effective barrier height of 1.46 eV, which was extracted from the temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics, could be caused by the effect of fluorine atoms delivered in a hydrofluoric acid solution process.

Performance Analysis of Combined Methods of Genetic Algorithm and K-Means Clustering in Determining the Value of Centroid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adya Zizwan, Putra; Zarlis, Muhammad; Budhiarti Nababan, Erna

2017-12-01

The determination of Centroid on K-Means Algorithm directly affects the quality of the clustering results. Determination of centroid by using random numbers has many weaknesses. The GenClust algorithm that combines the use of Genetic Algorithms and K-Means uses a genetic algorithm to determine the centroid of each cluster. The use of the GenClust algorithm uses 50% chromosomes obtained through deterministic calculations and 50% is obtained from the generation of random numbers. This study will modify the use of the GenClust algorithm in which the chromosomes used are 100% obtained through deterministic calculations. The results of this study resulted in performance comparisons expressed in Mean Square Error influenced by centroid determination on K-Means method by using GenClust method, modified GenClust method and also classic K-Means.

Application of a single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm approach to pharmacokinetic model building.

PubMed

Sherer, Eric A; Sale, Mark E; Pollock, Bruce G; Belani, Chandra P; Egorin, Merrill J; Ivy, Percy S; Lieberman, Jeffrey A; Manuck, Stephen B; Marder, Stephen R; Muldoon, Matthew F; Scher, Howard I; Solit, David B; Bies, Robert R

2012-08-01

A limitation in traditional stepwise population pharmacokinetic model building is the difficulty in handling interactions between model components. To address this issue, a method was previously introduced which couples NONMEM parameter estimation and model fitness evaluation to a single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm for global optimization of the model structure. In this study, the generalizability of this approach for pharmacokinetic model building is evaluated by comparing (1) correct and spurious covariate relationships in a simulated dataset resulting from automated stepwise covariate modeling, Lasso methods, and single-objective hybrid genetic algorithm approaches to covariate identification and (2) information criteria values, model structures, convergence, and model parameter values resulting from manual stepwise versus single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm approaches to model building for seven compounds. Both manual stepwise and single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm approaches to model building were applied, blinded to the results of the other approach, for selection of the compartment structure as well as inclusion and model form of inter-individual and inter-occasion variability, residual error, and covariates from a common set of model options. For the simulated dataset, stepwise covariate modeling identified three of four true covariates and two spurious covariates; Lasso identified two of four true and 0 spurious covariates; and the single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm identified three of four true covariates and one spurious covariate. For the clinical datasets, the Akaike information criterion was a median of 22.3 points lower (range of 470.5 point decrease to 0.1 point decrease) for the best single-objective hybrid genetic-algorithm candidate model versus the final manual stepwise model: the Akaike information criterion was lower by greater than 10 points for four compounds and differed by less than 10 points for three compounds. The root mean squared error and absolute mean prediction error of the best single-objective hybrid genetic algorithm candidates were a median of 0.2 points higher (range of 38.9 point decrease to 27.3 point increase) and 0.02 points lower (range of 0.98 point decrease to 0.74 point increase), respectively, than that of the final stepwise models. In addition, the best single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm candidate models had successful convergence and covariance steps for each compound, used the same compartment structure as the manual stepwise approach for 6 of 7 (86 %) compounds, and identified 54 % (7 of 13) of covariates included by the manual stepwise approach and 16 covariate relationships not included by manual stepwise models. The model parameter values between the final manual stepwise and best single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm models differed by a median of 26.7 % (q₁ = 4.9 % and q₃ = 57.1 %). Finally, the single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm approach was able to identify models capable of estimating absorption rate parameters for four compounds that the manual stepwise approach did not identify. The single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm represents a general pharmacokinetic model building methodology whose ability to rapidly search the feasible solution space leads to nearly equivalent or superior model fits to pharmacokinetic data.

Cloud computing-based TagSNP selection algorithm for human genome data.

PubMed

Hung, Che-Lun; Chen, Wen-Pei; Hua, Guan-Jie; Zheng, Huiru; Tsai, Suh-Jen Jane; Lin, Yaw-Ling

2015-01-05

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a fundamental role in human genetic variation and are used in medical diagnostics, phylogeny construction, and drug design. They provide the highest-resolution genetic fingerprint for identifying disease associations and human features. Haplotypes are regions of linked genetic variants that are closely spaced on the genome and tend to be inherited together. Genetics research has revealed SNPs within certain haplotype blocks that introduce few distinct common haplotypes into most of the population. Haplotype block structures are used in association-based methods to map disease genes. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for identifying haplotype blocks in the genome. In chromosomal haplotype data retrieved from the HapMap project website, the proposed algorithm identified longer haplotype blocks than an existing algorithm. To enhance its performance, we extended the proposed algorithm into a parallel algorithm that copies data in parallel via the Hadoop MapReduce framework. The proposed MapReduce-paralleled combinatorial algorithm performed well on real-world data obtained from the HapMap dataset; the improvement in computational efficiency was proportional to the number of processors used.

New optimization model for routing and spectrum assignment with nodes insecurity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xuan, Hejun; Wang, Yuping; Xu, Zhanqi; Hao, Shanshan; Wang, Xiaoli

2017-04-01

By adopting the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology, elastic optical networks can provide the flexible and variable bandwidth allocation to each connection request and get higher spectrum utilization. The routing and spectrum assignment problem in elastic optical network is a well-known NP-hard problem. In addition, information security has received worldwide attention. We combine these two problems to investigate the routing and spectrum assignment problem with the guaranteed security in elastic optical network, and establish a new optimization model to minimize the maximum index of the used frequency slots, which is used to determine an optimal routing and spectrum assignment schemes. To solve the model effectively, a hybrid genetic algorithm framework integrating a heuristic algorithm into a genetic algorithm is proposed. The heuristic algorithm is first used to sort the connection requests and then the genetic algorithm is designed to look for an optimal routing and spectrum assignment scheme. In the genetic algorithm, tailor-made crossover, mutation and local search operators are designed. Moreover, simulation experiments are conducted with three heuristic strategies, and the experimental results indicate that the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm framework.

The Applications of Genetic Algorithms in Medicine.

PubMed

Ghaheri, Ali; Shoar, Saeed; Naderan, Mohammad; Hoseini, Sayed Shahabuddin

2015-11-01

A great wealth of information is hidden amid medical research data that in some cases cannot be easily analyzed, if at all, using classical statistical methods. Inspired by nature, metaheuristic algorithms have been developed to offer optimal or near-optimal solutions to complex data analysis and decision-making tasks in a reasonable time. Due to their powerful features, metaheuristic algorithms have frequently been used in other fields of sciences. In medicine, however, the use of these algorithms are not known by physicians who may well benefit by applying them to solve complex medical problems. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce the genetic algorithm and its applications in medicine. The use of the genetic algorithm has promising implications in various medical specialties including radiology, radiotherapy, oncology, pediatrics, cardiology, endocrinology, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pulmonology, infectious diseases, orthopedics, rehabilitation medicine, neurology, pharmacotherapy, and health care management. This review introduces the applications of the genetic algorithm in disease screening, diagnosis, treatment planning, pharmacovigilance, prognosis, and health care management, and enables physicians to envision possible applications of this metaheuristic method in their medical career.].

The Applications of Genetic Algorithms in Medicine

PubMed Central

Ghaheri, Ali; Shoar, Saeed; Naderan, Mohammad; Hoseini, Sayed Shahabuddin

2015-01-01

A great wealth of information is hidden amid medical research data that in some cases cannot be easily analyzed, if at all, using classical statistical methods. Inspired by nature, metaheuristic algorithms have been developed to offer optimal or near-optimal solutions to complex data analysis and decision-making tasks in a reasonable time. Due to their powerful features, metaheuristic algorithms have frequently been used in other fields of sciences. In medicine, however, the use of these algorithms are not known by physicians who may well benefit by applying them to solve complex medical problems. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce the genetic algorithm and its applications in medicine. The use of the genetic algorithm has promising implications in various medical specialties including radiology, radiotherapy, oncology, pediatrics, cardiology, endocrinology, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pulmonology, infectious diseases, orthopedics, rehabilitation medicine, neurology, pharmacotherapy, and health care management. This review introduces the applications of the genetic algorithm in disease screening, diagnosis, treatment planning, pharmacovigilance, prognosis, and health care management, and enables physicians to envision possible applications of this metaheuristic method in their medical career.] PMID:26676060

Cloud Computing-Based TagSNP Selection Algorithm for Human Genome Data

PubMed Central

Hung, Che-Lun; Chen, Wen-Pei; Hua, Guan-Jie; Zheng, Huiru; Tsai, Suh-Jen Jane; Lin, Yaw-Ling

2015-01-01

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a fundamental role in human genetic variation and are used in medical diagnostics, phylogeny construction, and drug design. They provide the highest-resolution genetic fingerprint for identifying disease associations and human features. Haplotypes are regions of linked genetic variants that are closely spaced on the genome and tend to be inherited together. Genetics research has revealed SNPs within certain haplotype blocks that introduce few distinct common haplotypes into most of the population. Haplotype block structures are used in association-based methods to map disease genes. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for identifying haplotype blocks in the genome. In chromosomal haplotype data retrieved from the HapMap project website, the proposed algorithm identified longer haplotype blocks than an existing algorithm. To enhance its performance, we extended the proposed algorithm into a parallel algorithm that copies data in parallel via the Hadoop MapReduce framework. The proposed MapReduce-paralleled combinatorial algorithm performed well on real-world data obtained from the HapMap dataset; the improvement in computational efficiency was proportional to the number of processors used. PMID:25569088

Evaluation of Genetic Algorithm Concepts Using Model Problems. Part 2; Multi-Objective Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holst, Terry L.; Pulliam, Thomas H.

2003-01-01

A genetic algorithm approach suitable for solving multi-objective optimization problems is described and evaluated using a series of simple model problems. Several new features including a binning selection algorithm and a gene-space transformation procedure are included. The genetic algorithm is suitable for finding pareto optimal solutions in search spaces that are defined by any number of genes and that contain any number of local extrema. Results indicate that the genetic algorithm optimization approach is flexible in application and extremely reliable, providing optimal results for all optimization problems attempted. The binning algorithm generally provides pareto front quality enhancements and moderate convergence efficiency improvements for most of the model problems. The gene-space transformation procedure provides a large convergence efficiency enhancement for problems with non-convoluted pareto fronts and a degradation in efficiency for problems with convoluted pareto fronts. The most difficult problems --multi-mode search spaces with a large number of genes and convoluted pareto fronts-- require a large number of function evaluations for GA convergence, but always converge.

A genetic algorithm for replica server placement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eslami, Ghazaleh; Toroghi Haghighat, Abolfazl

2012-01-01

Modern distribution systems use replication to improve communication delay experienced by their clients. Some techniques have been developed for web server replica placement. One of the previous studies was Greedy algorithm proposed by Qiu et al, that needs knowledge about network topology. In This paper, first we introduce a genetic algorithm for web server replica placement. Second, we compare our algorithm with Greedy algorithm proposed by Qiu et al, and Optimum algorithm. We found that our approach can achieve better results than Greedy algorithm proposed by Qiu et al but it's computational time is more than Greedy algorithm.

A genetic algorithm for replica server placement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eslami, Ghazaleh; Toroghi Haghighat, Abolfazl

2011-12-01

Modern distribution systems use replication to improve communication delay experienced by their clients. Some techniques have been developed for web server replica placement. One of the previous studies was Greedy algorithm proposed by Qiu et al, that needs knowledge about network topology. In This paper, first we introduce a genetic algorithm for web server replica placement. Second, we compare our algorithm with Greedy algorithm proposed by Qiu et al, and Optimum algorithm. We found that our approach can achieve better results than Greedy algorithm proposed by Qiu et al but it's computational time is more than Greedy algorithm.

MIP models and hybrid algorithms for simultaneous job splitting and scheduling on unrelated parallel machines.

PubMed

Eroglu, Duygu Yilmaz; Ozmutlu, H Cenk

2014-01-01

We developed mixed integer programming (MIP) models and hybrid genetic-local search algorithms for the scheduling problem of unrelated parallel machines with job sequence and machine-dependent setup times and with job splitting property. The first contribution of this paper is to introduce novel algorithms which make splitting and scheduling simultaneously with variable number of subjobs. We proposed simple chromosome structure which is constituted by random key numbers in hybrid genetic-local search algorithm (GAspLA). Random key numbers are used frequently in genetic algorithms, but it creates additional difficulty when hybrid factors in local search are implemented. We developed algorithms that satisfy the adaptation of results of local search into the genetic algorithms with minimum relocation operation of genes' random key numbers. This is the second contribution of the paper. The third contribution of this paper is three developed new MIP models which are making splitting and scheduling simultaneously. The fourth contribution of this paper is implementation of the GAspLAMIP. This implementation let us verify the optimality of GAspLA for the studied combinations. The proposed methods are tested on a set of problems taken from the literature and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

Truss Optimization for a Manned Nuclear Electric Space Vehicle using Genetic Algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benford, Andrew; Tinker, Michael L.

2004-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to utilize the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method for structural design of a nuclear propulsion vehicle. Genetic algorithms provide a guided, random search technique that mirrors biological adaptation. To verify the GA capabilities, other traditional optimization methods were used to generate results for comparison to the GA results, first for simple two-dimensional structures, and then for full-scale three-dimensional truss designs.

Superscattering of light optimized by a genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mirzaei, Ali; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.; Shadrivov, Ilya V.; Kivshar, Yuri S.

2014-07-01

We analyse scattering of light from multi-layer plasmonic nanowires and employ a genetic algorithm for optimizing the scattering cross section. We apply the mode-expansion method using experimental data for material parameters to demonstrate that our genetic algorithm allows designing realistic core-shell nanostructures with the superscattering effect achieved at any desired wavelength. This approach can be employed for optimizing both superscattering and cloaking at different wavelengths in the visible spectral range.

A High Fuel Consumption Efficiency Management Scheme for PHEVs Using an Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

PubMed Central

Lee, Wah Ching; Tsang, Kim Fung; Chi, Hao Ran; Hung, Faan Hei; Wu, Chung Kit; Chui, Kwok Tai; Lau, Wing Hong; Leung, Yat Wah

2015-01-01

A high fuel efficiency management scheme for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) has been developed. In order to achieve fuel consumption reduction, an adaptive genetic algorithm scheme has been designed to adaptively manage the energy resource usage. The objective function of the genetic algorithm is implemented by designing a fuzzy logic controller which closely monitors and resembles the driving conditions and environment of PHEVs, thus trading off between petrol versus electricity for optimal driving efficiency. Comparison between calculated results and publicized data shows that the achieved efficiency of the fuzzified genetic algorithm is better by 10% than existing schemes. The developed scheme, if fully adopted, would help reduce over 600 tons of CO2 emissions worldwide every day. PMID:25587974

Neural-network-assisted genetic algorithm applied to silicon clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marim, L. R.; Lemes, M. R.; dal Pino, A.

2003-03-01

Recently, a new optimization procedure that combines the power of artificial neural-networks with the versatility of the genetic algorithm (GA) was introduced. This method, called neural-network-assisted genetic algorithm (NAGA), uses a neural network to restrict the search space and it is expected to speed up the solution of global optimization problems if some previous information is available. In this paper, we have tested NAGA to determine the ground-state geometry of Sin (10⩽n⩽15) according to a tight-binding total-energy method. Our results indicate that NAGA was able to find the desired global minimum of the potential energy for all the test cases and it was at least ten times faster than pure genetic algorithm.

Multiple Query Evaluation Based on an Enhanced Genetic Algorithm.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tamine, Lynda; Chrisment, Claude; Boughanem, Mohand

2003-01-01

Explains the use of genetic algorithms to combine results from multiple query evaluations to improve relevance in information retrieval. Discusses niching techniques, relevance feedback techniques, and evolution heuristics, and compares retrieval results obtained by both genetic multiple query evaluation and classical single query evaluation…

Topical application of rapamycin ointment ameliorates Dermatophagoides farina body extract-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Yang, Fei; Tanaka, Mari; Wataya-Kaneda, Mari; Yang, Lingli; Nakamura, Ayumi; Matsumoto, Shoji; Attia, Mostafa; Murota, Hiroyuki; Katayama, Ichiro

2014-08-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by relapsing eczema and intense prurigo, requires effective and safe pharmacological therapy. Recently, rapamycin, an mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, has been reported to play a critical role in immune responses and has emerged as an effective immunosuppressive drug. In this study, we assessed whether inhibition of mTOR signalling could suppress dermatitis in mice. Rapamycin was topically applied to inflamed skin in a murine AD model that was developed by repeated topical application of Dermatophagoides farina body (Dfb) extract antigen twice weekly for 7 weeks in NC/Nga mice. The efficacy of topical rapamycin treatment was evaluated immunologically and serologically. Topical application of rapamycin reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis, alleviated the increase of serum IgE levels and resulted in a significant reduction in clinical skin condition score and marked improvement of histological findings. In addition, increased mTOR phosphorylation in the lesional skin was observed in our murine AD model. Topical application of rapamycin ointment inhibited Dfb antigen-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, promising a new therapy for atopic dermatitis. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Immunosuppressive effects of fisetin against dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Gun-Dong; Lee, Seung Eun; Park, Yong Seek; Shin, Dong-Hoon; Park, Gwi Gun; Park, Cheung-Seog

2014-04-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial chronic skin disorder that is increasing in prevalence globally. In NC/Nga mice, repetitive epicutaneous applications of 2-4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induces AD-like clinical symptoms. Bioflanonol fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a dietary component found in plants, fruits and vegetables. Fisetin has various physiological effects that include anti-oxidation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-carcinogenesis and anti-inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether fisetin relieves AD-like clinical symptoms induced by repeated DNFB treatment in NC/Nga mice. Fisetin significantly inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophils, mast cells and CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells, and suppressed the expressions of cytokines and chemokines associated with dermal infiltrates in AD-like skin lesions. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and the ratio of phospho-NF-κB p65 to total NF-κB p65 were markedly reduced by fisetin. Fisetin also reduced the production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 by activated CD4(+) T cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 was increased. These results implicate fisetin as a potential therapeutic for AD. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Molecular microbiological characterization of preterm neonates at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

PubMed

Payne, Matthew S; Goss, Kevin C W; Connett, Gary J; Kollamparambil, Tanoj; Legg, Julian P; Thwaites, Richard; Ashton, Mark; Puddy, Victoria; Peacock, Janet L; Bruce, Kenneth D

2010-04-01

The role of infection in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is unknown. We present an observational study of 55 premature infants born weighing less than 1.3 kg within two level III neonatal intensive care units. Endotracheal aspirates (ETA) and nasogastric aspirates (NGA) were studied with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling to elucidate the total bacterial community, and species-specific PCR was used to detect the presence of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum. DGGE identified bacterial species in 59% of NGA and ETA samples combined. A diverse range of species were identified including several implicated in preterm labor. Species-specific PCR identified M. hominis in 25% of NGA and 11% of ETA samples. Among the 48 infants surviving up to 36 wk-postconceptual age, ordinal logistic regression showed the odds ratio for BPD or death where Ureaplasma was present/absent as 4.80 (95% CI 1.15-20.13). After adjusting for number of days ventilated, this was reduced to 2.04 (0.41-10.25). These data demonstrate how the combined use of DGGE and species-specific PCR identifies a high exposure in utero and around the time of birth to bacteria that might be causally related to preterm delivery and subsequent lung injury.

Manifestation of atopic dermatitis-like skin in TNCB-induced NC/Nga mice is ameliorated by topical treatment of substance P, possibly through blockade of allergic inflammation.

PubMed

Choi, Hyeongwon; Kim, Dong-Jin; Nam, Seungwoo; Lim, Sunki; Hwang, Jae-Sung; Park, Ki Sook; Hong, Hyun Sook; Shin, Min Kyung; Chung, Eunkyung; Son, Youngsook

2018-04-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense pruritus and eczematous lesion. In this study, topically applied substance P (SP) significantly alleviated AD-like clinical symptoms in 2, 4, 6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. This effect was nullified by pretreatment of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonist CP99994. SP treatment significantly reduced the infiltration of mast cells and CD3-positive T cells as well as inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), in AD-like skin lesions and decreased the levels of IgE and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in serum. This SP-induced alleviation of allergic inflammatory responses was also confirmed as reduced activation in the axillary lymph nodes (aLN) and spleen, suggesting the systemic effect of SP on immune responses in TNCB-induced NC/Nga mice. Furthermore, SP-mediated TSLP reduction was confirmed in human keratinocyte culture under pro-inflammatory TNF-α stimulation. Taken together, these results suggest that topically administered SP may have potential as a medication for atopic dermatitis. © 2017 The Authors. Experimental Dermatology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The NGA-DOE grant to examine critical issues related to radioactive waste and materials disposition involving DOE facilities. Quarterly report, October 1--December 31, 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beauchesne, A.M.

1997-12-31

Topics explored through this project include: decisions involving disposal of mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and disposition of nuclear materials; decisions involving DOE budget requests and their effect on environmental cleanup and compliance at DOE facilities; strategies to treat mixed, low-level, and transuranic (TRU) waste and their effect on individual sites in the complex; changes to the FFCA site treatment plans as a result of proposals in the EM 2006 cleanup plans and contractor integration analysis; interstate waste and materials shipments; and reforms to existing RCRA and CERCLA regulations/guidance to address regulatory overlap and risks posed by DOE wastes.more » The work accomplished by the NGA project team during the past four months can be categorized as follows: maintained open communication with DOE on a variety of activities and issues within the DOE environmental management complex; and maintained communication with NGA Federal Facilities Compliance Task Force members regarding DOE efforts to formulate a configuration for mixed low-level waste and low-level treatment and disposal, DOE activities in the area of the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule, and DOE`s proposed National Dialogue.« less

l-Arginine administration attenuates airway inflammation by altering l-arginine metabolism in an NC/Nga mouse model of asthma.

PubMed

Zhang, Ran; Kubo, Masayuki; Murakami, Ikuo; Setiawan, Heri; Takemoto, Kei; Inoue, Kiyomi; Fujikura, Yoshihisa; Ogino, Keiki

2015-05-01

Changes in l-arginine metabolism, including increased arginase levels and decreased nitric oxide production, are involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. In this study, using an intranasal mite-induced NC/Nga mouse model of asthma, we examined whether administration of l-arginine ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation by altering l-arginine metabolism. Experimental asthma was induced in NC/Nga mice via intranasal administration of mite crude extract (50 µg/day) on 5 consecutive days (days 0-4, sensitization) and on day 11 (challenge). Oral administration of l-arginine (250 mg/kg) was performed twice daily on days 5-10 for prevention or on days 11-13 for therapy. On day 14, we evaluated the inflammatory airway response (airway hyperresponsiveness, the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the changes in pathological inflammation of the lung), arginase expression and activity, l-arginine bioavailability, and the concentration of NOx, the end products of nitric oxide. Treatment with l-arginine ameliorated the mite-induced inflammatory airway response. Furthermore, l-arginine administration attenuated the increases in arginase expression and activity and elevated the NOx levels by enhancing l-arginine bioavailability. These findings indicate that l-arginine administration may contribute to the improvement of asthmatic symptoms by altering l-arginine metabolism.

Identifying Extraplanar Diffuse Ionized Gas in a Sample of MaNGA Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hubbard, Ryan J.; Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M.; MaNGA Team

2016-01-01

The efficiency with which galaxies convert gas into stars is driven by the continuous cycle of accretion and feedback processes within the circumgalactic medium. Extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) can provide insights into the tumultuous processes that govern the evolution of galactic disks because eDIG emission traces both inflowing and outflowing gas. With the help of state-of-the-art, spatially-resolved spectroscopy from MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory), we developed a computational method to identify eDIG based on the strength of and spatial extent of optical emission lines for a diverse sample of 550 nearby galaxies. This sample includes roughly half of the MaNGA galaxies that will become publicly available in summer 2016 as part of the Thirteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We identified signatures of eDIG in 8% of the galaxies in this sample, and we found that these signatures are particularly common among galaxies with active star formation and inclination angles >45 degrees. Our analysis of the morphology, incidence, and kinematics of eDIG has important implications for current models of accretion and feedback processes that regulate star formation in galaxies. We acknowledge support from the Astrophysics REU program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the National Astronomy Consortium, and The Grainger Foundation.

MOESHA: A genetic algorithm for automatic calibration and estimation of parameter uncertainty and sensitivity of hydrologic models

EPA Science Inventory

Characterization of uncertainty and sensitivity of model parameters is an essential and often overlooked facet of hydrological modeling. This paper introduces an algorithm called MOESHA that combines input parameter sensitivity analyses with a genetic algorithm calibration routin...

Automatic measurement of skin textures of the dorsal hand in evaluating skin aging.

PubMed

Gao, Qian; Yu, Jiaming; Wang, Fang; Ge, Tiantian; Hu, Liwen; Liu, Yang

2013-05-01

Changes in skin textures have been used to evaluate skin aging in many studies. In our previous study, we built some skin texture parameters, which can be used to evaluate skin aging of human dorsal hand. However, it will take too much time and need to work arduously to get the information from digital skin image by manual work. So, we want to build a simple and effective method to automatically count some of those skin texture parameters by using digital image-processing technology. A total of 100 subjects aged 30 years and above were involved. Sun exposure history and demographic information were collected by using a questionnaire. The skin image of subjects' dorsal hand was obtained by using a portable skin detector. The number of grids, which is one of skin texture parameters built in our previous study, was measured manually and automatically. Automated image analysis program was developed by using Matlab 7.1 software. The number of grids counted automatically (NGA) was significantly correlated with the number of grids counted manually (NGM) (r = 0.9287, P < 0.0001). And in each age group, there were no significant differences between NGA and NGM. The NGA was negatively correlated with age and lifetime sun exposure, and decreased with increasing Beagley-Gibson score from 3 to 6. In addition, even after adjusting for NGA, the standard deviation of grid areas for each image was positively correlated with age, sun exposure, and Bealey-Gibson score. The method introduced in present study can be used to measure some skin aging parameters automatically and objectively. And it will save much time, reduce labor, and avoid measurement errors of deferent investigators when evaluating a great deal of skin images in a short time. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The Stellar Kinematics of E+A Galaxies in SDSS IV-MaNGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Amalya; Dudley, Raymond; Edwards, Kay; Gonzalez, Andrea; Kerrison, Nicole; Marinelli, Mariarosa; Melchert, Nancy; Ojanen, Winonah; Liu, Charles; SDSS-IV MaNGA

2018-01-01

E+A galaxies, hypothesized to be “transition” galaxies between the blue cloud and the red sequence, are valuable sources for studying the evolution of galaxies. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, a large scale integral field spectroscopic survey of nearby galaxies from 3600 to 10300 Å, we identifed galaxies that exhibitted E+A characteristics within their optical spectra. We analyzed the 2,812 galaxies thus far observed by MaNGA to identify those that showed evidence of a starburst about 1 billion years ago, followed by cessation of star formation and quenching of the galaxy. Through this process we identifed 39 E+A galaxies by directly looking at the optical spectra and ensuring they exhibited the necessary properties of an E+A spectra, including a strong break at the 4000 Å mark, little to no Hα emission and absorption through the Balmer series, and a blue slope of the continuum past ~5000 Å as the flux decreases. We analyzed the stellar kinematics of these galaxies to determine whether or not they were fast or slow rotators, a proposed indicator of a major merger in their recent past. Using Voronoi binned graphs from the MaNGA Marvin database, we measured their stellar rotation curves in order to more clearly show the range of velocities within the galaxies. Among our 39 E+A candidates, all but two exhibited significant, orderly rotation across the galaxy, and 29 out of 39 of our galaxies show rotation faster than 30 km/s. With the caveat that our selection process was biased toward galaxies with orderly rotation, this prevalence of rotation challenges the belief that all E+A galaxies are created from major mergers. This work was supported by grants AST-1460860 from the National Science Foundation and SDSS FAST/SSP-483 from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to the CUNY College of Staten Island.

Ground-motion modeling of Hayward fault scenario earthquakes, part II: Simulation of long-period and broadband ground motions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Aagaard, Brad T.; Graves, Robert W.; Rodgers, Arthur; Brocher, Thomas M.; Simpson, Robert W.; Dreger, Douglas; Petersson, N. Anders; Larsen, Shawn C.; Ma, Shuo; Jachens, Robert C.

2010-01-01

We simulate long-period (T>1.0–2.0 s) and broadband (T>0.1 s) ground motions for 39 scenario earthquakes (Mw 6.7–7.2) involving the Hayward, Calaveras, and Rodgers Creek faults. For rupture on the Hayward fault, we consider the effects of creep on coseismic slip using two different approaches, both of which reduce the ground motions, compared with neglecting the influence of creep. Nevertheless, the scenario earthquakes generate strong shaking throughout the San Francisco Bay area, with about 50% of the urban area experiencing modified Mercalli intensity VII or greater for the magnitude 7.0 scenario events. Long-period simulations of the 2007 Mw 4.18 Oakland earthquake and the 2007 Mw 5.45 Alum Rock earthquake show that the U.S. Geological Survey’s Bay Area Velocity Model version 08.3.0 permits simulation of the amplitude and duration of shaking throughout the San Francisco Bay area for Hayward fault earthquakes, with the greatest accuracy in the Santa Clara Valley (San Jose area). The ground motions for the suite of scenarios exhibit a strong sensitivity to the rupture length (or magnitude), hypocenter (or rupture directivity), and slip distribution. The ground motions display a much weaker sensitivity to the rise time and rupture speed. Peak velocities, peak accelerations, and spectral accelerations from the synthetic broadband ground motions are, on average, slightly higher than the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) ground-motion prediction equations. We attribute much of this difference to the seismic velocity structure in the San Francisco Bay area and how the NGA models account for basin amplification; the NGA relations may underpredict amplification in shallow sedimentary basins. The simulations also suggest that the Spudich and Chiou (2008) directivity corrections to the NGA relations could be improved by increasing the areal extent of rupture directivity with period.

Asian sand dust aggregate causes atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in Nc/Nga mice.

PubMed

Takeshita, Sayaka; Tokunaga, Takahiro; Tanabe, Yoshiko; Arinami, Tadao; Ichinose, Takamichi; Noguchi, Emiko

2015-01-01

Asian sand dust (ASD) originates from the arid and semiarid areas of China, and epidemiologic studies have shown that ASD exposure is associated with various allergic and respiratory symptoms. However, few studies have been performed to assess the relationship between skin inflammation and ASD exposure. Twelve-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 for each group): hydrophilic petrolatum only (control); hydrophilic petrolatum plus ASD (ASD); hydrophilic petrolatum and heat inactivated-ASD (H-ASD); Dermatophagoides farinae extract (Df); Df and ASD (Df + ASD), and; Df and H-ASD (Df + H-ASD). The NC/Nga mice in each group were subjected to treatment twice a week for 4 weeks. We evaluated skin lesions by symptoms, pathologic changes, and serum IgE levels. ASD alone did not induce atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin symptoms. However, Df alone, Df + H-ASD and Df + ASD all induced AD-like symptoms, and dermatitis scores in the group of Df + ASD group were significantly greater than that of the Df group (P = 0.0011 at day 21; and P = 0.017 at day 28). Mean serum IgE was markedly increased in the Df and Df + ASD groups, compared to the ASD and control groups (P < 0.0001), and serum IgE levels in the Df + ASD group were significantly higher compared to the Df group (P = 0.003). ASD alone did not cause AD-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. However, AD-like symptoms induced by Df, a major allergen, were enhanced by adding ASD. Although no epidemiological studies have been conducted for the association between ASD and symptoms of dermatitis, our data suggest that it is likely that ASD may contribute to the exacerbation of not only respiratory symptoms, but also skin diseases, in susceptible individuals.

850nm light-emitting-diode phototherapy plus low-dose tacrolimus (FK-506) as combination therapy in the treatment of Dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Chang-Hyun; Cheong, Kyung Ah; Lee, Ai-Young

2013-11-01

Light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy is an effective alternative for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Tacrolimus (FK-506) is a potent immunomodulating agent, which has been used to treat AD. Combination therapy is often used in the treatment of AD to improve therapeutic efficacy or to reduce the dose of each drug. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy with either 850nm LED phototherapy or low-dose FK-506, and combination therapy in Dermatophagoides farina (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. The Df-induced NC/Nga mice with a clinical score of 7 were used for treatment with LED (10 and 25J/cm(2)) alone, low-dose FK-506 (1mg/kg) or in combination. The synergistic effects of combined therapy were evaluated by dermatitis scores, skin histology, skin barrier function, and immunological parameters, such as IgE, NO, Th2-mediated cytokines and chemokines. Combination therapy with 850nm (25J/cm(2)) LED and low-dose FK-506 showed a significant reduction in the severity of skin lesions. Combined therapy decreased in the serum level of IgE, NO, and in the splenic level of Th2-mediated cytokines and chemokines. Combination therapy significantly also reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate into the skin lesions. Moreover, combination therapy led to recovery of skin barrier function in the skin lesions. The use of combination of LED phototherapy and low-dose immunosuppressant improved Df-induced AD-like skin lesions in an NC/Nga mouse model by dominantly reducing IgE, NO, suppressing Th2-mediated immune responses, and inhibiting inflammatory cells, as well as improving skin barrier function. Copyright © 2013 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oral administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 suppresses inflammation by decreasing interleukin-6 responses in a murine model of atopic dermatitis.

PubMed

Kano, Hiroshi; Kita, Junko; Makino, Seiya; Ikegami, Shuji; Itoh, Hiroyuki

2013-06-01

The oral intake of Lactobacillus spp. can provide beneficial effects to the host by modulating the immune response. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic inflammatory disease mediated by various immune responses. In this study, we examined the effect of a Lactobacillus strain, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 (OLL1073R-1), on AD development in a murine model of AD that was developed by the topical application of mite antigen in NC/Nga mice. The oral intake of heat-killed OLL1073R-1 cells inhibited both the development of dermatitis and the elevation of an acute inflammation marker, serum amyloid A. Another bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus OLL2984, exerted no inhibitory effects on dermatitis. The oral intake of heat-killed OLL1073R-1 cells also attenuated secretion of IL-6 from lymph node cells in response to mite antigen and reduced IL-6 levels in inflamed tissues, such as auricles. Production of IFN-γ or IL-4 was not influenced by OLL1073R-1 intake. We also found that inhibition of IL-6 signaling by gp130-Fc (a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular portion of glycoprotein 130 fused to the Fc region of human IgG1) markedly decreased the severity of dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Moreover, secretion of IL-6 by lymph node cells was augmented in NC/Nga mice compared with that in BALB/c mice. These results indicate that IL-6 plays an essential role in the development of dermatitis in the NC/Nga mouse model of AD, and that OLL1073R-1 inhibits dermatitis, at least in part, by suppressing the IL-6 response. Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A genetic algorithm for solving supply chain network design model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Firoozi, Z.; Ismail, N.; Ariafar, S. H.; Tang, S. H.; Ariffin, M. K. M. A.

2013-09-01

Network design is by nature costly and optimization models play significant role in reducing the unnecessary cost components of a distribution network. This study proposes a genetic algorithm to solve a distribution network design model. The structure of the chromosome in the proposed algorithm is defined in a novel way that in addition to producing feasible solutions, it also reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm. Computational results are presented to show the algorithm performance.

The simulation method of chemical composition of vermicular graphite iron on the basis of genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yusupov, L. R.; Klochkova, K. V.; Simonova, L. A.

2017-09-01

The paper presents a methodology of modeling the chemical composition of the composite material via genetic algorithm for optimization of the manufacturing process of products. The paper presents algorithms of methods based on intelligent system of vermicular graphite iron design

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION SYSTEMS: APPLICATION OF THE NICHED PARETO GENETIC ALGORITHM (NPGA). (R826614)

EPA Science Inventory

A multiobjective optimization algorithm is applied to a groundwater quality management problem involving remediation by pump-and-treat (PAT). The multiobjective optimization framework uses the niched Pareto genetic algorithm (NPGA) and is applied to simultaneously minimize the...

Multi-Objective Constraint Satisfaction for Mobile Robot Area Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

17 NSGA-II non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 jMetal Metaheuristic Algorithms in...to alert the other agents and ensure trust in the system. This research presents an algorithm that tasks robots to meet the two specific goals of...problem is defined as a constraint satisfaction problem solved using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Both goals of

Application of genetic algorithm in modeling on-wafer inductors for up to 110 Ghz

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Nianhong; Fu, Jun; Liu, Hui; Cui, Wenpu; Liu, Zhihong; Liu, Linlin; Zhou, Wei; Wang, Quan; Guo, Ao

2018-05-01

In this work, the genetic algorithm has been introducted into parameter extraction for on-wafer inductors for up to 110 GHz millimeter-wave operations, and nine independent parameters of the equivalent circuit model are optimized together. With the genetic algorithm, the model with the optimized parameters gives a better fitting accuracy than the preliminary parameters without optimization. Especially, the fitting accuracy of the Q value achieves a significant improvement after the optimization.

Mechanism underlying the effect of combined therapy using glucosamine and low-dose cyclosporine A on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Chang-Hyun; Choi, Yun-Seok; Cheong, Kyung Ah; Lee, Ai-Young

2013-02-01

Combination therapy is often used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) to improve clinical efficacy or to spare the dose of each drug. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a calcineurin inhibitor that was developed for the treatment of AD. Glucosamine (Glu) is a potent immunosuppressant that inhibits Th2-mediated immunity. We previously reported that Glu has an ameliorative effect on the development of the pathology in NC/Nga mice. The aims of our study were to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of combination of Glu and low-dose CsA in dermatophagoides farina (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice and to determine the underlying therapeutic mechanisms. The Df-induced NC/Nga mice with a clinical score of 7 were used for treatment with Glu (500mg/kg) alone, low-dose CsA (2, 5, and 10mg/kg) or in combination. The clinical scores were reduced significantly by the combination treatment with Glu and low-dose CsA. The suppression of dermatitis by combined therapy was accompanied by decrease in the plasma level of IgE and in the splenic level of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TARC and eotaxin. Histological analysis of the skin also revealed that combination treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate, including mast cells and eosinophils. Particularly, immunological evaluation reveals an increase of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in the combined treatment. The induction of TSLP, which leads to systemic Th2 response, was reduced in the skin on combination treatment. The protein expression of filaggrin and involucrin was recovered by combination treatment in the skin lesions, whereas the protein expression of keratin-10 and keratin-14 decreased in the combination treatment. Collectively, our findings suggest that combination treatment of Glu and low-dose CsA leads to the therapeutic effects in Df-induced AD-like skin lesion in NC/Nga mice through inhibition of IgE, inflammatory cellular infiltrate, and recovery of skin barrier function via a mechanism that may inhibition of Th2-mediated immune responses, in part, increment of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells. These results suggest that this combined immunosuppressive treatment may provide important implications for the design of therapeutic strategies aimed at AD treatment. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Combinatorial Multiobjective Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crossley, William A.; Martin. Eric T.

2002-01-01

The research proposed in this document investigated multiobjective optimization approaches based upon the Genetic Algorithm (GA). Several versions of the GA have been adopted for multiobjective design, but, prior to this research, there had not been significant comparisons of the most popular strategies. The research effort first generalized the two-branch tournament genetic algorithm in to an N-branch genetic algorithm, then the N-branch GA was compared with a version of the popular Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). Because the genetic algorithm is well suited to combinatorial (mixed discrete / continuous) optimization problems, the GA can be used in the conceptual phase of design to combine selection (discrete variable) and sizing (continuous variable) tasks. Using a multiobjective formulation for the design of a 50-passenger aircraft to meet the competing objectives of minimizing takeoff gross weight and minimizing trip time, the GA generated a range of tradeoff designs that illustrate which aircraft features change from a low-weight, slow trip-time aircraft design to a heavy-weight, short trip-time aircraft design. Given the objective formulation and analysis methods used, the results of this study identify where turboprop-powered aircraft and turbofan-powered aircraft become more desirable for the 50 seat passenger application. This aircraft design application also begins to suggest how a combinatorial multiobjective optimization technique could be used to assist in the design of morphing aircraft.

Hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm for parameter optimization of five-parameter bidirectional reflectance distribution function model.

PubMed

Wang, Qianqian; Zhao, Jing; Gong, Yong; Hao, Qun; Peng, Zhong

2017-11-20

A hybrid artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm inspired by the best-so-far solution and bacterial chemotaxis was introduced to optimize the parameters of the five-parameter bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model. To verify the performance of the hybrid ABC algorithm, we measured BRDF of three kinds of samples and simulated the undetermined parameters of the five-parameter BRDF model using the hybrid ABC algorithm and the genetic algorithm, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid ABC algorithm outperforms the genetic algorithm in convergence speed, accuracy, and time efficiency under the same conditions.

[Application of genetic algorithm in blending technology for extractions of Cortex Fraxini].

PubMed

Yang, Ming; Zhou, Yinmin; Chen, Jialei; Yu, Minying; Shi, Xiufeng; Gu, Xijun

2009-10-01

To explore the feasibility of genetic algorithm (GA) on multiple objective blending technology for extractions of Cortex Fraxini. According to that the optimization objective was the combination of fingerprint similarity and the root-mean-square error of multiple key constituents, a new multiple objective optimization model of 10 batches extractions of Cortex Fraxini was built. The blending coefficient was obtained by genetic algorithm. The quality of 10 batches extractions of Cortex Fraxini that after blending was evaluated with the finger print similarity and root-mean-square error as indexes. The quality of 10 batches extractions of Cortex Fraxini that after blending was well improved. Comparing with the fingerprint of the control sample, the similarity was up, but the degree of variation is down. The relative deviation of the key constituents was less than 10%. It is proved that genetic algorithm works well on multiple objective blending technology for extractions of Cortex Fraxini. This method can be a reference to control the quality of extractions of Cortex Fraxini. Genetic algorithm in blending technology for extractions of Chinese medicines is advisable.

Improving Brain Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) Segmentation via a Novel Algorithm based on Genetic and Regional Growth

PubMed Central

A., Javadpour; A., Mohammadi

2016-01-01

Background Regarding the importance of right diagnosis in medical applications, various methods have been exploited for processing medical images solar. The method of segmentation is used to analyze anal to miscall structures in medical imaging. Objective This study describes a new method for brain Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) segmentation via a novel algorithm based on genetic and regional growth. Methods Among medical imaging methods, brains MRI segmentation is important due to high contrast of non-intrusive soft tissue and high spatial resolution. Size variations of brain tissues are often accompanied by various diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. As our knowledge about the relation between various brain diseases and deviation of brain anatomy increases, MRI segmentation is exploited as the first step in early diagnosis. In this paper, regional growth method and auto-mate selection of initial points by genetic algorithm is used to introduce a new method for MRI segmentation. Primary pixels and similarity criterion are automatically by genetic algorithms to maximize the accuracy and validity in image segmentation. Results By using genetic algorithms and defining the fixed function of image segmentation, the initial points for the algorithm were found. The proposed algorithms are applied to the images and results are manually selected by regional growth in which the initial points were compared. The results showed that the proposed algorithm could reduce segmentation error effectively. Conclusion The study concluded that the proposed algorithm could reduce segmentation error effectively and help us to diagnose brain diseases. PMID:27672629

Optimizing multiple sequence alignments using a genetic algorithm based on three objectives: structural information, non-gaps percentage and totally conserved columns.

PubMed

Ortuño, Francisco M; Valenzuela, Olga; Rojas, Fernando; Pomares, Hector; Florido, Javier P; Urquiza, Jose M; Rojas, Ignacio

2013-09-01

Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are widely used approaches in bioinformatics to carry out other tasks such as structure predictions, biological function analyses or phylogenetic modeling. However, current tools usually provide partially optimal alignments, as each one is focused on specific biological features. Thus, the same set of sequences can produce different alignments, above all when sequences are less similar. Consequently, researchers and biologists do not agree about which is the most suitable way to evaluate MSAs. Recent evaluations tend to use more complex scores including further biological features. Among them, 3D structures are increasingly being used to evaluate alignments. Because structures are more conserved in proteins than sequences, scores with structural information are better suited to evaluate more distant relationships between sequences. The proposed multiobjective algorithm, based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, aims to jointly optimize three objectives: STRIKE score, non-gaps percentage and totally conserved columns. It was significantly assessed on the BAliBASE benchmark according to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.01). This algorithm also outperforms other aligners, such as ClustalW, Multiple Sequence Alignment Genetic Algorithm (MSA-GA), PRRP, DIALIGN, Hidden Markov Model Training (HMMT), Pattern-Induced Multi-sequence Alignment (PIMA), MULTIALIGN, Sequence Alignment Genetic Algorithm (SAGA), PILEUP, Rubber Band Technique Genetic Algorithm (RBT-GA) and Vertical Decomposition Genetic Algorithm (VDGA), according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0.05), whereas it shows results not significantly different to 3D-COFFEE (P > 0.05) with the advantage of being able to use less structures. Structural information is included within the objective function to evaluate more accurately the obtained alignments. The source code is available at http://www.ugr.es/~fortuno/MOSAStrE/MO-SAStrE.zip.

A multiobjective hybrid genetic algorithm for the capacitated multipoint network design problem.

PubMed

Lo, C C; Chang, W H

2000-01-01

The capacitated multipoint network design problem (CMNDP) is NP-complete. In this paper, a hybrid genetic algorithm for CMNDP is proposed. The multiobjective hybrid genetic algorithm (MOHGA) differs from other genetic algorithms (GAs) mainly in its selection procedure. The concept of subpopulation is used in MOHGA. Four subpopulations are generated according to the elitism reservation strategy, the shifting Prufer vector, the stochastic universal sampling, and the complete random method, respectively. Mixing these four subpopulations produces the next generation population. The MOHGA can effectively search the feasible solution space due to population diversity. The MOHGA has been applied to CMNDP. By examining computational and analytical results, we notice that the MOHGA can find most nondominated solutions and is much more effective and efficient than other multiobjective GAs.

A Hybrid Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm Technique for Aircraft Engine Performance Diagnostics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kobayashi, Takahisa; Simon, Donald L.

2001-01-01

In this paper, a model-based diagnostic method, which utilizes Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, is investigated. Neural networks are applied to estimate the engine internal health, and Genetic Algorithms are applied for sensor bias detection and estimation. This hybrid approach takes advantage of the nonlinear estimation capability provided by neural networks while improving the robustness to measurement uncertainty through the application of Genetic Algorithms. The hybrid diagnostic technique also has the ability to rank multiple potential solutions for a given set of anomalous sensor measurements in order to reduce false alarms and missed detections. The performance of the hybrid diagnostic technique is evaluated through some case studies derived from a turbofan engine simulation. The results show this approach is promising for reliable diagnostics of aircraft engines.

Genetic Algorithm Approaches for Actuator Placement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crossley, William A.

2000-01-01

This research investigated genetic algorithm approaches for smart actuator placement to provide aircraft maneuverability without requiring hinged flaps or other control surfaces. The effort supported goals of the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization focus efforts in NASA's Aircraft au program. This work helped to properly identify various aspects of the genetic algorithm operators and parameters that allow for placement of discrete control actuators/effectors. An improved problem definition, including better definition of the objective function and constraints, resulted from this research effort. The work conducted for this research used a geometrically simple wing model; however, an increasing number of potential actuator placement locations were incorporated to illustrate the ability of the GA to determine promising actuator placement arrangements. This effort's major result is a useful genetic algorithm-based approach to assist in the discrete actuator/effector placement problem.

A pipelined FPGA implementation of an encryption algorithm based on genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thirer, Nonel

2013-05-01

With the evolution of digital data storage and exchange, it is essential to protect the confidential information from every unauthorized access. High performance encryption algorithms were developed and implemented by software and hardware. Also many methods to attack the cipher text were developed. In the last years, the genetic algorithm has gained much interest in cryptanalysis of cipher texts and also in encryption ciphers. This paper analyses the possibility to use the genetic algorithm as a multiple key sequence generator for an AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) cryptographic system, and also to use a three stages pipeline (with four main blocks: Input data, AES Core, Key generator, Output data) to provide a fast encryption and storage/transmission of a large amount of data.

Image reconstruction through thin scattering media by simulated annealing algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Longjie; Zuo, Haoyi; Pang, Lin; Yang, Zuogang; Zhang, Xicheng; Zhu, Jianhua

2018-07-01

An idea for reconstructing the image of an object behind thin scattering media is proposed by phase modulation. The optimized phase mask is achieved by modulating the scattered light using simulated annealing algorithm. The correlation coefficient is exploited as a fitness function to evaluate the quality of reconstructed image. The reconstructed images optimized from simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm are compared in detail. The experimental results show that our proposed method has better definition and higher speed than genetic algorithm.

Low-thrust orbit transfer optimization with refined Q-law and multi-objective genetic algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Seungwon; Petropoulos, Anastassios E.; von Allmen, Paul

2005-01-01

An optimization method for low-thrust orbit transfers around a central body is developed using the Q-law and a multi-objective genetic algorithm. in the hybrid method, the Q-law generates candidate orbit transfers, and the multi-objective genetic algorithm optimizes the Q-law control parameters in order to simultaneously minimize both the consumed propellant mass and flight time of the orbit tranfer. This paper addresses the problem of finding optimal orbit transfers for low-thrust spacecraft.

Genetic algorithm for neural networks optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Setyawati, Bina R.; Creese, Robert C.; Sahirman, Sidharta

2004-11-01

This paper examines the forecasting performance of multi-layer feed forward neural networks in modeling a particular foreign exchange rates, i.e. Japanese Yen/US Dollar. The effects of two learning methods, Back Propagation and Genetic Algorithm, in which the neural network topology and other parameters fixed, were investigated. The early results indicate that the application of this hybrid system seems to be well suited for the forecasting of foreign exchange rates. The Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm were programmed using MATLAB«.

Next Generation Attenuation Relationships for the Eastern United States (NGA-East)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mahin, Stephen; Bozorgnia, Yousef

2016-04-11

This is a progress report to DOE for project Next Generation Attenuation for Central & Eastern US (NGA-East).This progress report consists of numerous monthly progress segments starting June 1, 2010 until December 31, 2015. Please note: the December 2015 progress report was issued in January 2016 due to the final university financial reporting at the end of this project. For each month, there is a technical progress list, and an update on the financial progress of the project. As you know, this project is jointly funded by the DOE, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).more » Thus, each segment includes financial progress for these three funding agencies.« less

Session: Program Review X Wrap-Up

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1992-01-01

This wrap-up session at the Geothermal Energy Program Review X: Geothermal Energy and the Utility Market consisted of Closing Remarks by Roland R. Kessler and six NGA Industry Critique Panel presentations: ''Summary of Comments on DOE-Industry Cooperation by Geothermal Industry Panel'' by James B. Koenig, GeothermEx, Inc.; ''NGA Industry Critique of the Exploration Component'' by Joe L. Iovenitti, Weiss Associates; ''Critique of Drilling Research'' by Jerry Hamblin, UNOCAL Geothermal; ''Critique Panel Comments on Reservoir Engineering, DOE Geothermal Technology Development'' by Dennis Kaspereit, California Energy Company, Inc.; ''DOE Geothermal Program Review - Critique on Production'' by Douglas B. Jung, Two-Phase Engineeringmore » and Research; ''Comments on the DOE Hydrothermal Energy Conversion R&D Program'' by David L. Mendive, Geothermal Development Associates.« less

Hybrid Architectures for Evolutionary Computing Algorithms

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

other EC algorithms to FPGA Core Burns P1026/MAPLD 200532 Genetic Algorithm Hardware References S. Scott, A. Samal , and S. Seth, “HGA: A Hardware Based...on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPPS/SPDP 󈨦), pp. 316-320, Proceedings. IEEE Computer Society 1998. [12] Scott, S. D. , Samal , A., and...Algorithm Hardware References S. Scott, A. Samal , and S. Seth, “HGA: A Hardware Based Genetic Algorithm”, Proceedings of the 1995 ACM Third

MIP Models and Hybrid Algorithms for Simultaneous Job Splitting and Scheduling on Unrelated Parallel Machines

PubMed Central

Ozmutlu, H. Cenk

2014-01-01

We developed mixed integer programming (MIP) models and hybrid genetic-local search algorithms for the scheduling problem of unrelated parallel machines with job sequence and machine-dependent setup times and with job splitting property. The first contribution of this paper is to introduce novel algorithms which make splitting and scheduling simultaneously with variable number of subjobs. We proposed simple chromosome structure which is constituted by random key numbers in hybrid genetic-local search algorithm (GAspLA). Random key numbers are used frequently in genetic algorithms, but it creates additional difficulty when hybrid factors in local search are implemented. We developed algorithms that satisfy the adaptation of results of local search into the genetic algorithms with minimum relocation operation of genes' random key numbers. This is the second contribution of the paper. The third contribution of this paper is three developed new MIP models which are making splitting and scheduling simultaneously. The fourth contribution of this paper is implementation of the GAspLAMIP. This implementation let us verify the optimality of GAspLA for the studied combinations. The proposed methods are tested on a set of problems taken from the literature and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. PMID:24977204

Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power System Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Tianjun; Li, Bin; Zong, Changfu; Wu, Yang

2017-09-01

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), compared with conventional vehicles, have complex structures and more component parameters. If variables optimization designs are carried on all these parameters, it will increase the difficulty and the convergence of algorithm program, so this paper chooses the parameters which has a major influence on the vehicle fuel consumption to make it all work at maximum efficiency. First, HEV powertrain components modelling are built. Second, taking a tandem hybrid structure as an example, genetic algorithm is used in this paper to optimize fuel consumption and emissions. Simulation results in ADVISOR verify the feasibility of the proposed genetic optimization algorithm.

Multiple sequence alignment using multi-objective based bacterial foraging optimization algorithm.

PubMed

Rani, R Ranjani; Ramyachitra, D

2016-12-01

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a widespread approach in computational biology and bioinformatics. MSA deals with how the sequences of nucleotides and amino acids are sequenced with possible alignment and minimum number of gaps between them, which directs to the functional, evolutionary and structural relationships among the sequences. Still the computation of MSA is a challenging task to provide an efficient accuracy and statistically significant results of alignments. In this work, the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm was employed to align the biological sequences which resulted in a non-dominated optimal solution. It employs Multi-objective, such as: Maximization of Similarity, Non-gap percentage, Conserved blocks and Minimization of gap penalty. BAliBASE 3.0 benchmark database was utilized to examine the proposed algorithm against other methods In this paper, two algorithms have been proposed: Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Artificial Bee Colony (GA-ABC) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm. It was found that Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Artificial Bee Colony performed better than the existing optimization algorithms. But still the conserved blocks were not obtained using GA-ABC. Then BFO was used for the alignment and the conserved blocks were obtained. The proposed Multi-Objective Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (MO-BFO) was compared with widely used MSA methods Clustal Omega, Kalign, MUSCLE, MAFFT, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Artificial Bee Colony (GA-ABC). The final results show that the proposed MO-BFO algorithm yields better alignment than most widely used methods. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automatic page layout using genetic algorithms for electronic albuming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geigel, Joe; Loui, Alexander C. P.

2000-12-01

In this paper, we describe a flexible system for automatic page layout that makes use of genetic algorithms for albuming applications. The system is divided into two modules, a page creator module which is responsible for distributing images amongst various album pages, and an image placement module which positions images on individual pages. Final page layouts are specified in a textual form using XML for printing or viewing over the Internet. The system makes use of genetic algorithms, a class of search and optimization algorithms that are based on the concepts of biological evolution, for generating solutions with fitness based on graphic design preferences supplied by the user. The genetic page layout algorithm has been incorporated into a web-based prototype system for interactive page layout over the Internet. The prototype system is built using client-server architecture and is implemented in java. The system described in this paper has demonstrated the feasibility of using genetic algorithms for automated page layout in albuming and web-based imaging applications. We believe that the system adequately proves the validity of the concept, providing creative layouts in a reasonable number of iterations. By optimizing the layout parameters of the fitness function, we hope to further improve the quality of the final layout in terms of user preference and computation speed.

An application of traveling salesman problem using the improved genetic algorithm on android google maps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narwadi, Teguh; Subiyanto

2017-03-01

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the best known NP-hard problems, which means that no exact algorithm to solve it in polynomial time. This paper present a new variant application genetic algorithm approach with a local search technique has been developed to solve the TSP. For the local search technique, an iterative hill climbing method has been used. The system is implemented on the Android OS because android is now widely used around the world and it is mobile system. It is also integrated with Google API that can to get the geographical location and the distance of the cities, and displays the route. Therefore, we do some experimentation to test the behavior of the application. To test the effectiveness of the application of hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is compare with the application of simple GA in 5 sample from the cities in Central Java, Indonesia with different numbers of cities. According to the experiment results obtained that in the average solution HGA shows in 5 tests out of 5 (100%) is better than simple GA. The results have shown that the hybrid genetic algorithm outperforms the genetic algorithm especially in the case with the problem higher complexity.

Peak-to-average power ratio reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based visible light communication systems using a modified partial transmit sequence technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yan; Deng, Honggui; Ren, Shuang; Tang, Chengying; Qian, Xuewen

2018-01-01

We propose an efficient partial transmit sequence technique based on genetic algorithm and peak-value optimization algorithm (GAPOA) to reduce high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in visible light communication systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (VLC-OFDM). By analysis of hill-climbing algorithm's pros and cons, we propose the POA with excellent local search ability to further process the signals whose PAPR is still over the threshold after processed by genetic algorithm (GA). To verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique and algorithm, we evaluate the PAPR performance and the bit error rate (BER) performance and compare them with partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique based on GA (GA-PTS), PTS technique based on genetic and hill-climbing algorithm (GH-PTS), and PTS based on shuffled frog leaping algorithm and hill-climbing algorithm (SFLAHC-PTS). The results show that our technique and algorithm have not only better PAPR performance but also lower computational complexity and BER than GA-PTS, GH-PTS, and SFLAHC-PTS technique.

The McGill Interactive Pediatric OncoGenetic Guidelines: An approach to identifying pediatric oncology patients most likely to benefit from a genetic evaluation.

PubMed

Goudie, Catherine; Coltin, Hallie; Witkowski, Leora; Mourad, Stephanie; Malkin, David; Foulkes, William D

2017-08-01

Identifying cancer predisposition syndromes in children with tumors is crucial, yet few clinical guidelines exist to identify children at high risk of having germline mutations. The McGill Interactive Pediatric OncoGenetic Guidelines project aims to create a validated pediatric guideline in the form of a smartphone/tablet application using algorithms to process clinical data and help determine whether to refer a child for genetic assessment. This paper discusses the initial stages of the project, focusing on its overall structure, the methodology underpinning the algorithms, and the upcoming algorithm validation process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Optimization of genomic selection training populations with a genetic algorithm

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In this article, we derive a computationally efficient statistic to measure the reliability of estimates of genetic breeding values for a fixed set of genotypes based on a given training set of genotypes and phenotypes. We adopt a genetic algorithm scheme to find a training set of certain size from ...

A Constrained Genetic Algorithm with Adaptively Defined Fitness Function in MRS Quantification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papakostas, G. A.; Karras, D. A.; Mertzios, B. G.; Graveron-Demilly, D.; van Ormondt, D.

MRS Signal quantification is a rather involved procedure and has attracted the interest of the medical engineering community, regarding the development of computationally efficient methodologies. Significant contributions based on Computational Intelligence tools, such as Neural Networks (NNs), demonstrated a good performance but not without drawbacks already discussed by the authors. On the other hand preliminary application of Genetic Algorithms (GA) has already been reported in the literature by the authors regarding the peak detection problem encountered in MRS quantification using the Voigt line shape model. This paper investigates a novel constrained genetic algorithm involving a generic and adaptively defined fitness function which extends the simple genetic algorithm methodology in case of noisy signals. The applicability of this new algorithm is scrutinized through experimentation in artificial MRS signals interleaved with noise, regarding its signal fitting capabilities. Although extensive experiments with real world MRS signals are necessary, the herein shown performance illustrates the method's potential to be established as a generic MRS metabolites quantification procedure.

Fireworks algorithm for mean-VaR/CVaR models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tingting; Liu, Zhifeng

2017-10-01

Intelligent algorithms have been widely applied to portfolio optimization problems. In this paper, we introduce a novel intelligent algorithm, named fireworks algorithm, to solve the mean-VaR/CVaR model for the first time. The results show that, compared with the classical genetic algorithm, fireworks algorithm not only improves the optimization accuracy and the optimization speed, but also makes the optimal solution more stable. We repeat our experiments at different confidence levels and different degrees of risk aversion, and the results are robust. It suggests that fireworks algorithm has more advantages than genetic algorithm in solving the portfolio optimization problem, and it is feasible and promising to apply it into this field.

Dynamic traffic assignment : genetic algorithms approach

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

Real-time route guidance is a promising approach to alleviating congestion on the nations highways. A dynamic traffic assignment model is central to the development of guidance strategies. The artificial intelligence technique of genetic algorithm...

Genetic algorithm based input selection for a neural network function approximator with applications to SSME health monitoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peck, Charles C.; Dhawan, Atam P.; Meyer, Claudia M.

1991-01-01

A genetic algorithm is used to select the inputs to a neural network function approximator. In the application considered, modeling critical parameters of the space shuttle main engine (SSME), the functional relationship between measured parameters is unknown and complex. Furthermore, the number of possible input parameters is quite large. Many approaches have been used for input selection, but they are either subjective or do not consider the complex multivariate relationships between parameters. Due to the optimization and space searching capabilities of genetic algorithms they were employed to systematize the input selection process. The results suggest that the genetic algorithm can generate parameter lists of high quality without the explicit use of problem domain knowledge. Suggestions for improving the performance of the input selection process are also provided.

Accelerating global optimization of aerodynamic shapes using a new surrogate-assisted parallel genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ebrahimi, Mehdi; Jahangirian, Alireza

2017-12-01

An efficient strategy is presented for global shape optimization of wing sections with a parallel genetic algorithm. Several computational techniques are applied to increase the convergence rate and the efficiency of the method. A variable fidelity computational evaluation method is applied in which the expensive Navier-Stokes flow solver is complemented by an inexpensive multi-layer perceptron neural network for the objective function evaluations. A population dispersion method that consists of two phases, of exploration and refinement, is developed to improve the convergence rate and the robustness of the genetic algorithm. Owing to the nature of the optimization problem, a parallel framework based on the master/slave approach is used. The outcomes indicate that the method is able to find the global optimum with significantly lower computational time in comparison to the conventional genetic algorithm.

[Reconstruction of Vehicle-human Crash Accident and Injury Analysis Based on 3D Laser Scanning, Multi-rigid-body Reconstruction and Optimized Genetic Algorithm].

PubMed

Sun, J; Wang, T; Li, Z D; Shao, Y; Zhang, Z Y; Feng, H; Zou, D H; Chen, Y J

2017-12-01

To reconstruct a vehicle-bicycle-cyclist crash accident and analyse the injuries using 3D laser scanning technology, multi-rigid-body dynamics and optimized genetic algorithm, and to provide biomechanical basis for the forensic identification of death cause. The vehicle was measured by 3D laser scanning technology. The multi-rigid-body models of cyclist, bicycle and vehicle were developed based on the measurements. The value range of optimal variables was set. A multi-objective genetic algorithm and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm were used to find the optimal solutions, which were compared to the record of the surveillance video around the accident scene. The reconstruction result of laser scanning on vehicle was satisfactory. In the optimal solutions found by optimization method of genetic algorithm, the dynamical behaviours of dummy, bicycle and vehicle corresponded to that recorded by the surveillance video. The injury parameters of dummy were consistent with the situation and position of the real injuries on the cyclist in accident. The motion status before accident, damage process by crash and mechanical analysis on the injury of the victim can be reconstructed using 3D laser scanning technology, multi-rigid-body dynamics and optimized genetic algorithm, which have application value in the identification of injury manner and analysis of death cause in traffic accidents. Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine

Performance comparison of genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization for model integer programming bus timetabling problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wihartiko, F. D.; Wijayanti, H.; Virgantari, F.

2018-03-01

Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a common algorithm used to solve optimization problems with artificial intelligence approach. Similarly, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Both algorithms have different advantages and disadvantages when applied to the case of optimization of the Model Integer Programming for Bus Timetabling Problem (MIPBTP), where in the case of MIPBTP will be found the optimal number of trips confronted with various constraints. The comparison results show that the PSO algorithm is superior in terms of complexity, accuracy, iteration and program simplicity in finding the optimal solution.

Research on laser marking speed optimization by using genetic algorithm.

PubMed

Wang, Dongyun; Yu, Qiwei; Zhang, Yu

2015-01-01

Laser Marking Machine is the most common coding equipment on product packaging lines. However, the speed of laser marking has become a bottleneck of production. In order to remove this bottleneck, a new method based on a genetic algorithm is designed. On the basis of this algorithm, a controller was designed and simulations and experiments were performed. The results show that using this algorithm could effectively improve laser marking efficiency by 25%.

Tag SNP selection via a genetic algorithm.

PubMed

Mahdevar, Ghasem; Zahiri, Javad; Sadeghi, Mehdi; Nowzari-Dalini, Abbas; Ahrabian, Hayedeh

2010-10-01

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) provide valuable information on human evolutionary history and may lead us to identify genetic variants responsible for human complex diseases. Unfortunately, molecular haplotyping methods are costly, laborious, and time consuming; therefore, algorithms for constructing full haplotype patterns from small available data through computational methods, Tag SNP selection problem, are convenient and attractive. This problem is proved to be an NP-hard problem, so heuristic methods may be useful. In this paper we present a heuristic method based on genetic algorithm to find reasonable solution within acceptable time. The algorithm was tested on a variety of simulated and experimental data. In comparison with the exact algorithm, based on brute force approach, results show that our method can obtain optimal solutions in almost all cases and runs much faster than exact algorithm when the number of SNP sites is large. Our software is available upon request to the corresponding author.

Research on rolling element bearing fault diagnosis based on genetic algorithm matching pursuit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rong, R. W.; Ming, T. F.

2017-12-01

In order to solve the problem of slow computation speed, matching pursuit algorithm is applied to rolling bearing fault diagnosis, and the improvement are conducted from two aspects that are the construction of dictionary and the way to search for atoms. To be specific, Gabor function which can reflect time-frequency localization characteristic well is used to construct the dictionary, and the genetic algorithm to improve the searching speed. A time-frequency analysis method based on genetic algorithm matching pursuit (GAMP) algorithm is proposed. The way to set property parameters for the improvement of the decomposition results is studied. Simulation and experimental results illustrate that the weak fault feature of rolling bearing can be extracted effectively by this proposed method, at the same time, the computation speed increases obviously.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar; McCulloch, Richard Chet James

In this work a new hybrid genetic algorithm was developed which combines a rudimentary adaptive steepest ascent hill climbing algorithm with a sophisticated evolutionary algorithm in order to optimize complex multivariate design problems. By combining a highly stochastic algorithm (evolutionary) with a simple deterministic optimization algorithm (adaptive steepest ascent) computational resources are conserved and the solution converges rapidly when compared to either algorithm alone. In genetic algorithms natural selection is mimicked by random events such as breeding and mutation. In the adaptive steepest ascent algorithm each variable is perturbed by a small amount and the variable that caused the mostmore » improvement is incremented by a small step. If the direction of most benefit is exactly opposite of the previous direction with the most benefit then the step size is reduced by a factor of 2, thus the step size adapts to the terrain. A graphical user interface was created in MATLAB to provide an interface between the hybrid genetic algorithm and the user. Additional features such as bounding the solution space and weighting the objective functions individually are also built into the interface. The algorithm developed was tested to optimize the functions developed for a wood pelleting process. Using process variables (such as feedstock moisture content, die speed, and preheating temperature) pellet properties were appropriately optimized. Specifically, variables were found which maximized unit density, bulk density, tapped density, and durability while minimizing pellet moisture content and specific energy consumption. The time and computational resources required for the optimization were dramatically decreased using the hybrid genetic algorithm when compared to MATLAB's native evolutionary optimization tool.« less

Automated Test Assembly for Cognitive Diagnosis Models Using a Genetic Algorithm

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finkelman, Matthew; Kim, Wonsuk; Roussos, Louis A.

2009-01-01

Much recent psychometric literature has focused on cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs), a promising class of instruments used to measure the strengths and weaknesses of examinees. This article introduces a genetic algorithm to perform automated test assembly alongside CDMs. The algorithm is flexible in that it can be applied whether the goal is to…

Design Genetic Algorithm Optimization Education Software Based Fuzzy Controller for a Tricopter Fly Path Planning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tran, Huu-Khoa; Chiou, Juing -Shian; Peng, Shou-Tao

2016-01-01

In this paper, the feasibility of a Genetic Algorithm Optimization (GAO) education software based Fuzzy Logic Controller (GAO-FLC) for simulating the flight motion control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is designed. The generated flight trajectories integrate the optimized Scaling Factors (SF) fuzzy controller gains by using GAO algorithm. The…

A Parallel Genetic Algorithm to Discover Patterns in Genetic Markers that Indicate Predisposition to Multifactorial Disease

PubMed Central

Rausch, Tobias; Thomas, Alun; Camp, Nicola J.; Cannon-Albright, Lisa A.; Facelli, Julio C.

2008-01-01

This paper describes a novel algorithm to analyze genetic linkage data using pattern recognition techniques and genetic algorithms (GA). The method allows a search for regions of the chromosome that may contain genetic variations that jointly predispose individuals for a particular disease. The method uses correlation analysis, filtering theory and genetic algorithms (GA) to achieve this goal. Because current genome scans use from hundreds to hundreds of thousands of markers, two versions of the method have been implemented. The first is an exhaustive analysis version that can be used to visualize, explore, and analyze small genetic data sets for two marker correlations; the second is a GA version, which uses a parallel implementation allowing searches of higher-order correlations in large data sets. Results on simulated data sets indicate that the method can be informative in the identification of major disease loci and gene-gene interactions in genome-wide linkage data and that further exploration of these techniques is justified. The results presented for both variants of the method show that it can help genetic epidemiologists to identify promising combinations of genetic factors that might predispose to complex disorders. In particular, the correlation analysis of IBD expression patterns might hint to possible gene-gene interactions and the filtering might be a fruitful approach to distinguish true correlation signals from noise. PMID:18547558

A Swarm Optimization Genetic Algorithm Based on Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization.

PubMed

Sun, Tao; Xu, Ming-Hai

2017-01-01

Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm is a variant of the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO). The QPSO that was originally developed for continuous search spaces outperforms the traditional PSO in search ability. This paper analyzes the main factors that impact the search ability of QPSO and converts the particle movement formula to the mutation condition by introducing the rejection region, thus proposing a new binary algorithm, named swarm optimization genetic algorithm (SOGA), because it is more like genetic algorithm (GA) than PSO in form. SOGA has crossover and mutation operator as GA but does not need to set the crossover and mutation probability, so it has fewer parameters to control. The proposed algorithm was tested with several nonlinear high-dimension functions in the binary search space, and the results were compared with those from BPSO, BQPSO, and GA. The experimental results show that SOGA is distinctly superior to the other three algorithms in terms of solution accuracy and convergence.

Performance impact of mutation operators of a subpopulation-based genetic algorithm for multi-robot task allocation problems.

PubMed

Liu, Chun; Kroll, Andreas

2016-01-01

Multi-robot task allocation determines the task sequence and distribution for a group of robots in multi-robot systems, which is one of constrained combinatorial optimization problems and more complex in case of cooperative tasks because they introduce additional spatial and temporal constraints. To solve multi-robot task allocation problems with cooperative tasks efficiently, a subpopulation-based genetic algorithm, a crossover-free genetic algorithm employing mutation operators and elitism selection in each subpopulation, is developed in this paper. Moreover, the impact of mutation operators (swap, insertion, inversion, displacement, and their various combinations) is analyzed when solving several industrial plant inspection problems. The experimental results show that: (1) the proposed genetic algorithm can obtain better solutions than the tested binary tournament genetic algorithm with partially mapped crossover; (2) inversion mutation performs better than other tested mutation operators when solving problems without cooperative tasks, and the swap-inversion combination performs better than other tested mutation operators/combinations when solving problems with cooperative tasks. As it is difficult to produce all desired effects with a single mutation operator, using multiple mutation operators (including both inversion and swap) is suggested when solving similar combinatorial optimization problems.

A Distributed Parallel Genetic Algorithm of Placement Strategy for Virtual Machines Deployment on Cloud Platform

PubMed Central

Dong, Yu-Shuang; Xu, Gao-Chao; Fu, Xiao-Dong

2014-01-01

The cloud platform provides various services to users. More and more cloud centers provide infrastructure as the main way of operating. To improve the utilization rate of the cloud center and to decrease the operating cost, the cloud center provides services according to requirements of users by sharding the resources with virtualization. Considering both QoS for users and cost saving for cloud computing providers, we try to maximize performance and minimize energy cost as well. In this paper, we propose a distributed parallel genetic algorithm (DPGA) of placement strategy for virtual machines deployment on cloud platform. It executes the genetic algorithm parallelly and distributedly on several selected physical hosts in the first stage. Then it continues to execute the genetic algorithm of the second stage with solutions obtained from the first stage as the initial population. The solution calculated by the genetic algorithm of the second stage is the optimal one of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the proposed placement strategy of VM deployment can ensure QoS for users and it is more effective and more energy efficient than other placement strategies on the cloud platform. PMID:25097872

A distributed parallel genetic algorithm of placement strategy for virtual machines deployment on cloud platform.

PubMed

Dong, Yu-Shuang; Xu, Gao-Chao; Fu, Xiao-Dong

2014-01-01

The cloud platform provides various services to users. More and more cloud centers provide infrastructure as the main way of operating. To improve the utilization rate of the cloud center and to decrease the operating cost, the cloud center provides services according to requirements of users by sharding the resources with virtualization. Considering both QoS for users and cost saving for cloud computing providers, we try to maximize performance and minimize energy cost as well. In this paper, we propose a distributed parallel genetic algorithm (DPGA) of placement strategy for virtual machines deployment on cloud platform. It executes the genetic algorithm parallelly and distributedly on several selected physical hosts in the first stage. Then it continues to execute the genetic algorithm of the second stage with solutions obtained from the first stage as the initial population. The solution calculated by the genetic algorithm of the second stage is the optimal one of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the proposed placement strategy of VM deployment can ensure QoS for users and it is more effective and more energy efficient than other placement strategies on the cloud platform.

SDSS IV MaNGA—Rotation Velocity Lags in the Extraplanar Ionized Gas from MaNGA Observations of Edge-on Galaxies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bizyaev, D.; Pan, K.; Brinkmann, J.

2017-04-20

We present a study of the kinematics of the extraplanar ionized gas around several dozen galaxies observed by the Mapping of Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. We considered a sample of 67 edge-on galaxies out of more than 1400 extragalactic targets observed by MaNGA, in which we found 25 galaxies (or 37%) with regular lagging of the rotation curve at large distances from the galactic midplane. We model the observed H α emission velocity fields in the galaxies, taking projection effects and a simple model for the dust extinction into account. We show that the verticalmore » lag of the rotation curve is necessary in the modeling, and estimate the lag amplitude in the galaxies. We find no correlation between the lag and the star formation rate in the galaxies. At the same time, we report a correlation between the lag and the galactic stellar mass, central stellar velocity dispersion, and axial ratio of the light distribution. These correlations suggest a possible higher ratio of infalling-to-local gas in early-type disk galaxies or a connection between lags and the possible presence of hot gaseous halos, which may be more prevalent in more massive galaxies. These results again demonstrate that observations of extraplanar gas can serve as a potential probe for accretion of gas.« less

E+A Galaxy Properties and Post-Starburst Galaxy Evolution Data through SDSS-IV MaNGA and Illustris: A Co-Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojanen, Winonah; Dudley, Raymond; Edwards, Kay; Gonzalez, Andrea; Johnson, Amalya; Kerrison, Nicole; Marinelli, Mariarosa; Melchert, Nancy; Liu, Charles; Sloan Collaboration, SDSS-IV MaNGA

2018-01-01

E+A galaxies (Elliptical + A-type stars) are post-starburst galaxies that have experienced a sudden quenching phase. Using previous research methods, 39 candidates out of 2,812 galaxies observed, or 1.4%, were selected from the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey. We then identified morphological characteristics of the 39 galaxies including stellar kinematics, Gini coefficient, gas density and distribution and stellar ages. To study the origin of how E+A galaxies evolved to their present state, galaxy simulation data from the Illustris simulation was utilized to identify similar quenched post-starburst candidates. Seven post-starburst candidates were identified through star formation rate histories of Illustris simulated galaxies. The evolution of these galaxies is studied from 0 to 13.8 billion years ago to identify what caused the starburst and quenching of the Illustris candidates. Similar morphological characteristics of Illustris post-starburst candidates are pulled from before, during, and post-starburst and compared to the same morphological characteristics of the E+A galaxies from SDSS-IV MaNGA. The characteristics and properties of the Illustris galaxies are used to identify the possible evolutionary histories of the observed E+A galaxies. This work was supported by grants AST-1460860 from the National Science Foundation and SDSS FAST/SSP-483 from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to the CUNY College of Staten Island.

Mining MaNGA for Merging Galaxies: A New Imaging and Kinematic Technique from Hydrodynamical Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nevin, Becky; Comerford, Julia M.; Blecha, Laura

2018-06-01

Merging galaxies play a key role in galaxy evolution, and progress in our understanding of galaxy evolution is slowed by the difficulty of making accurate galaxy merger identifications. Mergers are typically identified using imaging alone, which has its limitations and biases. With the growing popularity of integral field spectroscopy (IFS), it is now possible to use kinematic signatures to improve galaxy merger identifications. I use GADGET-3 hydrodynamical simulations of merging galaxies with the radiative transfer code SUNRISE, the later of which enables me to apply the same analysis to simulations and observations. From the simulated galaxies, I have developed the first merging galaxy classification scheme that is based on kinematics and imaging. Utilizing a Linear Discriminant Analysis tool, I have determined which kinematic and imaging predictors are most useful for identifying mergers of various merger parameters (such as orientation, mass ratio, gas fraction, and merger stage). I will discuss the strengths and limitations of the classification technique and then my initial results for applying the classification to the >10,000 observed galaxies in the MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point) IFS survey. Through accurate identification of merging galaxies in the MaNGA survey, I will advance our understanding of supermassive black hole growth in galaxy mergers and other open questions related to galaxy evolution.

Topical Application of Eupatilin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Lee, Ji Hyun; Lee, Ye Jin; Lee, Jun Young; Park, Young Min

2017-02-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disorder with severe pruritus. Despite advancements in medicine, therapeutic treatments for AD are still limited. Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-30,40,6-trimethoxyflavone) is one of the lipophilic flavonoids from Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. and Artemisia genipi Weber. Although it has been reported to act a role in improving inflammation, its action on AD is uncertain. In this study, we examined the role of eupatilin on AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was repeatedly applied to the ear of NC/Nga mice to produce AD-like skin lesions. Eupatilin (1%, once a day for 5 consecutive days/week) was applied topically for four weeks for the evaluation of its therapeutic effects. 1% eupatilin cream significantly reduced the clinical severity score of AD-like lesions, compared to the vehicle ( p <0.005). A histopathological analysis revealed that 1% eupatilin cream significantly decreased the mast cell infiltration as well as inflammatory cell infiltration, compared to the vehicle ( p <0.005). We showed that 1% eupatilin cream significantly reduced the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, and interleukin-19, but not interferon-γ, compared to the vehicle ( p <0.005). Considering the therapeutic reaction of eupatilin on AD-like lesions as in this study, the substance has a promising to be an adjuvant topical agent for the control of AD.

Self-replicating Replicon-RNA Delivery to Dendritic Cells by Chitosan-nanoparticles for Translation In Vitro and In Vivo

PubMed Central

McCullough, Kenneth C; Bassi, Isabelle; Milona, Panagiota; Suter, Rolf; Thomann-Harwood, Lisa; Englezou, Pavlos; Démoulins, Thomas; Ruggli, Nicolas

2014-01-01

Self-amplifying replicon RNA (RepRNA) possesses high potential for increasing antigen load within dendritic cells (DCs). The major aim of the present work was to define how RepRNA delivered by biodegradable, chitosan-based nanoparticulate delivery vehicles (nanogel-alginate (NGA)) interacts with DCs, and whether this could lead to translation of the RepRNA in the DCs. Although studies employed virus replicon particles (VRPs), there are no reports on biodegradable, nanoparticulate vehicle delivery of RepRNA. VRP studies employed cytopathogenic agents, contrary to DC requirements—slow processing and antigen retention. We employed noncytopathogenic RepRNA with NGA, demonstrating for the first time the efficiency of RepRNA association with nanoparticles, NGA delivery to DCs, and RepRNA internalization by DCs. RepRNA accumulated in vesicular structures, with patterns typifying cytosolic release. This promoted RepRNA translation, in vitro and in vivo. Delivery and translation were RepRNA concentration-dependent, occurring in a kinetic manner. Including cationic lipids with chitosan during nanoparticle formation enhanced delivery and translation kinetics, but was not required for translation of immunogenic levels in vivo. This work describes for the first time the characteristics associated with chitosan-nanoparticle delivery of self-amplifying RepRNA to DCs, leading to translation of encoded foreign genes, namely influenza virus hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein. PMID:25004099

Capsiate Inhibits DNFB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice through Mast Cell and CD4+ T-Cell Inactivation.

PubMed

Lee, Ji H; Lee, Yun S; Lee, Eun-Jung; Lee, Ji H; Kim, Tae-Yoon

2015-08-01

Capsaicin has many biological effects, such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antiangiogenic effects, but it is rarely used because of its high pungency. Capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analog, also has multiple biological effects, similar to those of capsaicin, but does not cause irritation. However, the effect of capsiate on allergic responses and immune cells has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of capsiate on atopic dermatitis, mouse CD4+ T cells, and mast cell activation. Capsiate inhibited DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Topical treatment with capsiate suppressed serum IgE levels and cytokine and chemokine expression in the skin of DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice. In addition, it suppressed the activation of CD4+ T cells and mast cells, which are implicated in allergic diseases. Capsiate inhibited the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Treatment with capsiate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and degranulation from activated bone marrow-derived mast cells through the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathways. Consistent with these results, treatment with capsiate inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Taken together, our results suggest that capsiate might be a good candidate molecule for the treatment of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.

SDSS IV MaNGA—Rotation Velocity Lags in the Extraplanar Ionized Gas from MaNGA Observations of Edge-on Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bizyaev, D.; Walterbos, R. A. M.; Yoachim, P.; Riffel, R. A.; Fernández-Trincado, J. G.; Pan, K.; Diamond-Stanic, A. M.; Jones, A.; Thomas, D.; Cleary, J.; Brinkmann, J.

2017-04-01

We present a study of the kinematics of the extraplanar ionized gas around several dozen galaxies observed by the Mapping of Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. We considered a sample of 67 edge-on galaxies out of more than 1400 extragalactic targets observed by MaNGA, in which we found 25 galaxies (or 37%) with regular lagging of the rotation curve at large distances from the galactic midplane. We model the observed Hα emission velocity fields in the galaxies, taking projection effects and a simple model for the dust extinction into account. We show that the vertical lag of the rotation curve is necessary in the modeling, and estimate the lag amplitude in the galaxies. We find no correlation between the lag and the star formation rate in the galaxies. At the same time, we report a correlation between the lag and the galactic stellar mass, central stellar velocity dispersion, and axial ratio of the light distribution. These correlations suggest a possible higher ratio of infalling-to-local gas in early-type disk galaxies or a connection between lags and the possible presence of hot gaseous halos, which may be more prevalent in more massive galaxies. These results again demonstrate that observations of extraplanar gas can serve as a potential probe for accretion of gas.

Genetic algorithm for nuclear data evaluation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arthur, Jennifer Ann

These are slides on genetic algorithm for nuclear data evaluation. The following is covered: initial population, fitness (outer loop), calculate fitness, selection (first part of inner loop), reproduction (second part of inner loop), solution, and examples.

Hybrid Model Based on Genetic Algorithms and SVM Applied to Variable Selection within Fruit Juice Classification

PubMed Central

Fernandez-Lozano, C.; Canto, C.; Gestal, M.; Andrade-Garda, J. M.; Rabuñal, J. R.; Dorado, J.; Pazos, A.

2013-01-01

Given the background of the use of Neural Networks in problems of apple juice classification, this paper aim at implementing a newly developed method in the field of machine learning: the Support Vector Machines (SVM). Therefore, a hybrid model that combines genetic algorithms and support vector machines is suggested in such a way that, when using SVM as a fitness function of the Genetic Algorithm (GA), the most representative variables for a specific classification problem can be selected. PMID:24453933

Fuel management optimization using genetic algorithms and expert knowledge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeChaine, M.D.; Feltus, M.A.

1996-09-01

The CIGARO fuel management optimization code based on genetic algorithms is described and tested. The test problem optimized the core lifetime for a pressurized water reactor with a penalty function constraint on the peak normalized power. A bit-string genotype encoded the loading patterns, and genotype bias was reduced with additional bits. Expert knowledge about fuel management was incorporated into the genetic algorithm. Regional crossover exchanged physically adjacent fuel assemblies and improved the optimization slightly. Biasing the initial population toward a known priority table significantly improved the optimization.

Optimal placement of tuning masses on truss structures by genetic algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ponslet, Eric; Haftka, Raphael T.; Cudney, Harley H.

1993-01-01

Optimal placement of tuning masses, actuators and other peripherals on large space structures is a combinatorial optimization problem. This paper surveys several techniques for solving this problem. The genetic algorithm approach to the solution of the placement problem is described in detail. An example of minimizing the difference between the two lowest frequencies of a laboratory truss by adding tuning masses is used for demonstrating some of the advantages of genetic algorithms. The relative efficiencies of different codings are compared using the results of a large number of optimization runs.

Application of a Genetic Algorithm and Multi Agent System to Explore Emergent Patterns of Social Rationality and a Distress-Based Model for Deceit in the Workplace

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

postponed the fulfillment of her own Masters Degree by at least 18 months so that I would have the opportunity to earn mine. She is smart , lovely...GENETIC ALGORITHM AND MULTI AGENT SYSTEM TO EXPLORE EMERGENT PATTERNS OF SOCIAL RATIONALITY AND A DISTRESS-BASED MODEL FOR DECEIT IN THE WORKPLACE...of a Genetic Algorithm and Mutli Agent System to Explore Emergent Patterns of Social Rationality and a Distress-Based Model for Deceit in the

Multi-objective Optimization Design of Gear Reducer Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Rui; Chang, Tian; Wang, Jianwei; Wei, Xiaopeng; Wang, Jinming

2008-11-01

An adaptive Genetic Algorithm (GA) is introduced to solve the multi-objective optimized design of the reducer. Firstly, according to the structure, strength, etc. in a reducer, a multi-objective optimized model of the helical gear reducer is established. And then an adaptive GA based on a fuzzy controller is introduced, aiming at the characteristics of multi-objective, multi-parameter, multi-constraint conditions. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to show the advantages of this approach and the effectiveness of an adaptive genetic algorithm used in optimized design of a reducer.

Investigation on application of genetic algorithms to optimal reactive power dispatch of power systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Q. H.; Ma, J. T.

1993-09-01

A primary investigation into application of genetic algorithms in optimal reactive power dispatch and voltage control is presented. The application was achieved, based on (the United Kingdom) National Grid 48 bus network model, using a novel genetic search approach. Simulation results, compared with that obtained using nonlinear programming methods, are included to show the potential of applications of the genetic search methodology in power system economical and secure operations.

Algorithme intelligent d'optimisation d'un design structurel de grande envergure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dominique, Stephane

The implementation of an automated decision support system in the field of design and structural optimisation can give a significant advantage to any industry working on mechanical designs. Indeed, by providing solution ideas to a designer or by upgrading existing design solutions while the designer is not at work, the system may reduce the project cycle time, or allow more time to produce a better design. This thesis presents a new approach to automate a design process based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), in combination with a new genetic algorithm named Genetic Algorithm with Territorial core Evolution (GATE). This approach was developed in order to reduce the operating cost of the process. However, as the system implementation cost is quite expensive, the approach is better suited for large scale design problem, and particularly for design problems that the designer plans to solve for many different specification sets. First, the CBR process uses a databank filled with every known solution to similar design problems. Then, the closest solutions to the current problem in term of specifications are selected. After this, during the adaptation phase, an artificial neural network (ANN) interpolates amongst known solutions to produce an additional solution to the current problem using the current specifications as inputs. Each solution produced and selected by the CBR is then used to initialize the population of an island of the genetic algorithm. The algorithm will optimise the solution further during the refinement phase. Using progressive refinement, the algorithm starts using only the most important variables for the problem. Then, as the optimisation progress, the remaining variables are gradually introduced, layer by layer. The genetic algorithm that is used is a new algorithm specifically created during this thesis to solve optimisation problems from the field of mechanical device structural design. The algorithm is named GATE, and is essentially a real number genetic algorithm that prevents new individuals to be born too close to previously evaluated solutions. The restricted area becomes smaller or larger during the optimisation to allow global or local search when necessary. Also, a new search operator named Substitution Operator is incorporated in GATE. This operator allows an ANN surrogate model to guide the algorithm toward the most promising areas of the design space. The suggested CBR approach and GATE were tested on several simple test problems, as well as on the industrial problem of designing a gas turbine engine rotor's disc. These results are compared to other results obtained for the same problems by many other popular optimisation algorithms, such as (depending of the problem) gradient algorithms, binary genetic algorithm, real number genetic algorithm, genetic algorithm using multiple parents crossovers, differential evolution genetic algorithm, Hookes & Jeeves generalized pattern search method and POINTER from the software I-SIGHT 3.5. Results show that GATE is quite competitive, giving the best results for 5 of the 6 constrained optimisation problem. GATE also provided the best results of all on problem produced by a Maximum Set Gaussian landscape generator. Finally, GATE provided a disc 4.3% lighter than the best other tested algorithm (POINTER) for the gas turbine engine rotor's disc problem. One drawback of GATE is a lesser efficiency for highly multimodal unconstrained problems, for which he gave quite poor results with respect to its implementation cost. To conclude, according to the preliminary results obtained during this thesis, the suggested CBR process, combined with GATE, seems to be a very good candidate to automate and accelerate the structural design of mechanical devices, potentially reducing significantly the cost of industrial preliminary design processes.

Routing design and fleet allocation optimization of freeway service patrol: Improved results using genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Xiuqiao; Wang, Jian

2018-07-01

Freeway service patrol (FSP), is considered to be an effective method for incident management and can help transportation agency decision-makers alter existing route coverage and fleet allocation. This paper investigates the FSP problem of patrol routing design and fleet allocation, with the objective of minimizing the overall average incident response time. While the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and its improvements have been applied to solve this problem, they often become trapped in local optimal solution. Moreover, the issue of searching efficiency remains to be further addressed. In this paper, we employ the genetic algorithm (GA) and SA to solve the FSP problem. To maintain population diversity and avoid premature convergence, niche strategy is incorporated into the traditional genetic algorithm. We also employ elitist strategy to speed up the convergence. Numerical experiments have been conducted with the help of the Sioux Falls network. Results show that the GA slightly outperforms the dual-based greedy (DBG) algorithm, the very large-scale neighborhood searching (VLNS) algorithm, the SA algorithm and the scenario algorithm.

Research on Laser Marking Speed Optimization by Using Genetic Algorithm

PubMed Central

Wang, Dongyun; Yu, Qiwei; Zhang, Yu

2015-01-01

Laser Marking Machine is the most common coding equipment on product packaging lines. However, the speed of laser marking has become a bottleneck of production. In order to remove this bottleneck, a new method based on a genetic algorithm is designed. On the basis of this algorithm, a controller was designed and simulations and experiments were performed. The results show that using this algorithm could effectively improve laser marking efficiency by 25%. PMID:25955831

Parana Basin Structure from Multi-Objective Inversion of Surface Wave and Receiver Function by Competent Genetic Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, M.; Assumpcao, M.

2003-12-01

The joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave is an effective way to diminish the influences of the strong tradeoff among parameters and the different sensitivity to the model parameters in their respective inversions, but the inversion problem becomes more complex. Multi-objective problems can be much more complicated than single-objective inversion in the model selection and optimization. If objectives are involved and conflicting, models can be ordered only partially. In this case, Pareto-optimal preference should be used to select solutions. On the other hand, the inversion to get only a few optimal solutions can not deal properly with the strong tradeoff between parameters, the uncertainties in the observation, the geophysical complexities and even the incompetency of the inversion technique. The effective way is to retrieve the geophysical information statistically from many acceptable solutions, which requires more competent global algorithms. Competent genetic algorithms recently proposed are far superior to the conventional genetic algorithm and can solve hard problems quickly, reliably and accurately. In this work we used one of competent genetic algorithms, Bayesian Optimization Algorithm as the main inverse procedure. This algorithm uses Bayesian networks to draw out inherited information and can use Pareto-optimal preference in the inversion. With this algorithm, the lithospheric structure of Paran"› basin is inverted to fit both the observations of inter-station surface wave dispersion and receiver function.

A Genetic-Based Scheduling Algorithm to Minimize the Makespan of the Grid Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Entezari-Maleki, Reza; Movaghar, Ali

Task scheduling algorithms in grid environments strive to maximize the overall throughput of the grid. In order to maximize the throughput of the grid environments, the makespan of the grid tasks should be minimized. In this paper, a new task scheduling algorithm is proposed to assign tasks to the grid resources with goal of minimizing the total makespan of the tasks. The algorithm uses the genetic approach to find the suitable assignment within grid resources. The experimental results obtained from applying the proposed algorithm to schedule independent tasks within grid environments demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm in achieving schedules with comparatively lower makespan in comparison with other well-known scheduling algorithms such as, Min-min, Max-min, RASA and Sufferage algorithms.

Genetic Algorithms to Optimizatize Lecturer Assessment's Criteria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jollyta, Deny; Johan; Hajjah, Alyauma

2017-12-01

The lecturer assessment criteria is used as a measurement of the lecturer's performance in a college environment. To determine the value for a criteriais complicated and often leads to doubt. The absence of a standard valuefor each assessment criteria will affect the final results of the assessment and become less presentational data for the leader of college in taking various policies relate to reward and punishment. The Genetic Algorithm comes as an algorithm capable of solving non-linear problems. Using chromosomes in the random initial population, one of the presentations is binary, evaluates the fitness function and uses crossover genetic operator and mutation to obtain the desired crossbreed. It aims to obtain the most optimum criteria values in terms of the fitness function of each chromosome. The training results show that Genetic Algorithm able to produce the optimal values of lecturer assessment criteria so that can be usedby the college as a standard value for lecturer assessment criteria.

A theoretical comparison of evolutionary algorithms and simulated annealing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hart, W.E.

1995-08-28

This paper theoretically compares the performance of simulated annealing and evolutionary algorithms. Our main result is that under mild conditions a wide variety of evolutionary algorithms can be shown to have greater performance than simulated annealing after a sufficiently large number of function evaluations. This class of EAs includes variants of evolutionary strategie and evolutionary programming, the canonical genetic algorithm, as well as a variety of genetic algorithms that have been applied to combinatorial optimization problems. The proof of this result is based on a performance analysis of a very general class of stochastic optimization algorithms, which has implications formore » the performance of a variety of other optimization algorithm.« less

Lithocarpus orbicarpus (Fagaceae), a new species of Stone Oak from Phang Nga province, Thailand.

PubMed

Strijk, Joeri S; Sirimongkol, Sukontip; Rueangruea, Sukid; Ritphet, Nikom; Chamchumroon, Voradol

2014-01-01

A new species is described, Lithocarpus orbicarpus Strijk, collected from Ton Pariwat Wildlife Sanctuary, Mueang district, Phang Nga Province in the Peninsular Floristic Region of Thailand. We provide the first technical illustrations and colour photographs of the new species, as well as a description of its conservation status and the collecting locality. The species can be easily distinguished by its unique orbicular acorns, each covered with a dense pattern of irregularly placed scales, which completely conceal the nut, except for a tiny apical pore, and which are arranged in a dense cluster on an erect woody spike. We also provide an amendment to the existing diagnostic key to Lithocarpus, and discuss important differences with morphologically similar species found in Thailand and the surrounding region.

Comparison of NGA-West2 directivity models

USGS Publications Warehouse

Spudich, Paul A.; Rowshandel, Badie; Shahi, Shrey; Baker, Jack W.; Chiou, Brian S-J

2014-01-01

Five directivity models have been developed based on data from the NGA-West2 database and based on numerical simulations of large strike-slip and reverse-slip earthquakes. All models avoid the use of normalized rupture dimension, enabling them to scale up to the largest earthquakes in a physically reasonable way. Four of the five models are explicitly “narrow-band” (in which the effect of directivity is maximum at a specific period that is a function of earthquake magnitude). Several strategies for determining the zero-level for directivity have been developed. We show comparisons of maps of the directivity amplification. This comparison suggests that the predicted geographic distributions of directivity amplification are dominated by effects of the models' assumptions, and more than one model should be used for ruptures dipping less than about 65 degrees.

Design of Genetic Algorithms for Topology Control of Unmanned Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

decentralised topology control mechanism distributed among active running software agents to achieve a uniform spread of terrestrial unmanned vehicles...14. ABSTRACT We present genetic algorithms (GAs) as a decentralised topology control mechanism distributed among active running software agents to...inspired topology control algorithm. The topology control of UVs using a decentralised solution over an unknown geographical terrain is a challenging

Combinatorial optimization problem solution based on improved genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Peng

2017-08-01

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a classic combinatorial optimization problem. It is a simplified form of many complex problems. In the process of study and research, it is understood that the parameters that affect the performance of genetic algorithm mainly include the quality of initial population, the population size, and crossover probability and mutation probability values. As a result, an improved genetic algorithm for solving TSP problems is put forward. The population is graded according to individual similarity, and different operations are performed to different levels of individuals. In addition, elitist retention strategy is adopted at each level, and the crossover operator and mutation operator are improved. Several experiments are designed to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. Through the experimental results analysis, it is proved that the improved algorithm can improve the accuracy and efficiency of the solution.

Multi-heuristic dynamic task allocation using genetic algorithms in a heterogeneous distributed system

PubMed Central

Page, Andrew J.; Keane, Thomas M.; Naughton, Thomas J.

2010-01-01

We present a multi-heuristic evolutionary task allocation algorithm to dynamically map tasks to processors in a heterogeneous distributed system. It utilizes a genetic algorithm, combined with eight common heuristics, in an effort to minimize the total execution time. It operates on batches of unmapped tasks and can preemptively remap tasks to processors. The algorithm has been implemented on a Java distributed system and evaluated with a set of six problems from the areas of bioinformatics, biomedical engineering, computer science and cryptography. Experiments using up to 150 heterogeneous processors show that the algorithm achieves better efficiency than other state-of-the-art heuristic algorithms. PMID:20862190

Using an improved association rules mining optimization algorithm in web-based mobile-learning system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Yin; Chen, Jianhua; Xiong, Shaojun

2009-07-01

Mobile-Learning (M-learning) makes many learners get the advantages of both traditional learning and E-learning. Currently, Web-based Mobile-Learning Systems have created many new ways and defined new relationships between educators and learners. Association rule mining is one of the most important fields in data mining and knowledge discovery in databases. Rules explosion is a serious problem which causes great concerns, as conventional mining algorithms often produce too many rules for decision makers to digest. Since Web-based Mobile-Learning System collects vast amounts of student profile data, data mining and knowledge discovery techniques can be applied to find interesting relationships between attributes of learners, assessments, the solution strategies adopted by learners and so on. Therefore ,this paper focus on a new data-mining algorithm, combined with the advantages of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm , called ARGSA(Association rules based on an improved Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm), to mine the association rules. This paper first takes advantage of the Parallel Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Algorithm designed specifically for discovering association rules. Moreover, the analysis and experiment are also made to show the proposed method is superior to the Apriori algorithm in this Mobile-Learning system.

Light-extraction enhancement for light-emitting diodes: a firefly-inspired structure refined by the genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bay, Annick; Mayer, Alexandre

2014-09-01

The efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LED) has increased significantly over the past few years, but the overall efficiency is still limited by total internal reflections due to the high dielectric-constant contrast between the incident and emergent media. The bioluminescent organ of fireflies gave incentive for light-extraction enhance-ment studies. A specific factory-roof shaped structure was shown, by means of light-propagation simulations and measurements, to enhance light extraction significantly. In order to achieve a similar effect for light-emitting diodes, the structure needs to be adapted to the specific set-up of LEDs. In this context simulations were carried out to determine the best geometrical parameters. In the present work, the search for a geometry that maximizes the extraction of light has been conducted by using a genetic algorithm. The idealized structure considered previously was generalized to a broader variety of shapes. The genetic algorithm makes it possible to search simultaneously over a wider range of parameters. It is also significantly less time-consuming than the previous approach that was based on a systematic scan on parameters. The results of the genetic algorithm show that (1) the calculations can be performed in a smaller amount of time and (2) the light extraction can be enhanced even more significantly by using optimal parameters determined by the genetic algorithm for the generalized structure. The combination of the genetic algorithm with the Rigorous Coupled Waves Analysis method constitutes a strong simulation tool, which provides us with adapted designs for enhancing light extraction from light-emitting diodes.

Empirical valence bond models for reactive potential energy surfaces: a parallel multilevel genetic program approach.

PubMed

Bellucci, Michael A; Coker, David F

2011-07-28

We describe a new method for constructing empirical valence bond potential energy surfaces using a parallel multilevel genetic program (PMLGP). Genetic programs can be used to perform an efficient search through function space and parameter space to find the best functions and sets of parameters that fit energies obtained by ab initio electronic structure calculations. Building on the traditional genetic program approach, the PMLGP utilizes a hierarchy of genetic programming on two different levels. The lower level genetic programs are used to optimize coevolving populations in parallel while the higher level genetic program (HLGP) is used to optimize the genetic operator probabilities of the lower level genetic programs. The HLGP allows the algorithm to dynamically learn the mutation or combination of mutations that most effectively increase the fitness of the populations, causing a significant increase in the algorithm's accuracy and efficiency. The algorithm's accuracy and efficiency is tested against a standard parallel genetic program with a variety of one-dimensional test cases. Subsequently, the PMLGP is utilized to obtain an accurate empirical valence bond model for proton transfer in 3-hydroxy-gamma-pyrone in gas phase and protic solvent. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

Mental health problems among adults in tsunami-affected areas in southern Thailand.

PubMed

van Griensven, Frits; Chakkraband, M L Somchai; Thienkrua, Warunee; Pengjuntr, Wachira; Lopes Cardozo, Barbara; Tantipiwatanaskul, Prawate; Mock, Philip A; Ekassawin, Suparat; Varangrat, Anchalee; Gotway, Carol; Sabin, Miriam; Tappero, Jordan W

2006-08-02

On December 26, 2004, an undersea earthquake occurred off the northwestern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The tsunami that followed severely affected all 6 southwestern provinces of Thailand, where 5395 individuals died, 2991 were unaccounted for, and 8457 were injured. To assess the prevalence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression among individuals residing in areas affected by the tsunami in southern Thailand as part of a public health emergency response and rapid assessment. A multistage, cluster, population-based mental health survey was conducted from February 15 to 22, 2005, of random samples of displaced (n = 371) and nondisplaced persons in Phang Nga province (n = 322) and nondisplaced persons in the provinces of Krabi and Phuket (n = 368). Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire on handheld computers. A surveillance follow-up survey of the displaced persons (n = 371) and nondisplaced persons (n = 322) in Phang Na was conducted in September 2005. Medical Outcomes Study-36 Short-Form Health Survey SF-36 to assess self-perceived general health, bodily pain, and social and emotional functioning; the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire to assess tsunami-specific traumatic events; and the Hopkins Checklist-25 to detect symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participation rates for displaced and nondisplaced persons in the rapid assessment survey were 69% and 58%, respectively. Symptoms of PTSD were reported by 12% of displaced and 7% of nondisplaced persons in Phang Nga and 3% of nondisplaced persons in Krabi and Phuket. Anxiety symptoms were reported by 37% of displaced and 30% of nondisplaced persons in Phang Nga and 22% of nondisplaced persons in Krabi and Phuket. Symptoms of depression were reported by 30% of displaced and 21% of nondisplaced persons in Phang Nga and 10% of nondisplaced persons in Krabi and Phuket. In multivariate analysis, loss of livelihood was independently and significantly associated with symptoms of all 3 mental health outcomes (PTSD, anxiety, and depression). In the 9-month follow-up surveillance survey of 270 (73%) displaced and 250 (80%) nondisplaced participants in Phang Nga, prevalence rates of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression among displaced persons decreased to 7%, 24.8%, and 16.7%, respectively, and among nondisplaced persons, prevalence rates decreased to 2.3%, 25.9%, and 14.3%, respectively. Among survivors of the tsunami in southern Thailand, elevated rates of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were reported 8 weeks after the disaster, with higher rates for anxiety and depression than PTSD symptoms. Nine months after the disaster, the rates of those reporting these symptoms decreased but were still elevated. This information is important for directing, strengthening, and evaluating posttsunami mental health needs and interventions.

MULTIOBJECTIVE PARALLEL GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION

EPA Science Inventory

In this research we have developed an efficient multiobjective parallel genetic algorithm (MOPGA) for waste minimization problems. This MOPGA integrates PGAPack (Levine, 1996) and NSGA-II (Deb, 2000) with novel modifications. PGAPack is a master-slave parallel implementation of a...

Strain gage selection in loads equations using a genetic algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Traditionally, structural loads are measured using strain gages. A loads calibration test must be done before loads can be accurately measured. In one measurement method, a series of point loads is applied to the structure, and loads equations are derived via the least squares curve fitting algorithm using the strain gage responses to the applied point loads. However, many research structures are highly instrumented with strain gages, and the number and selection of gages used in a loads equation can be problematic. This paper presents an improved technique using a genetic algorithm to choose the strain gages used in the loads equations. Also presented are a comparison of the genetic algorithm performance with the current T-value technique and a variant known as the Best Step-down technique. Examples are shown using aerospace vehicle wings of high and low aspect ratio. In addition, a significant limitation in the current methods is revealed. The genetic algorithm arrived at a comparable or superior set of gages with significantly less human effort, and could be applied in instances when the current methods could not.

A hybrid genetic algorithm for solving bi-objective traveling salesman problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Mei; Li, Hecheng

2017-08-01

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a typical combinatorial optimization problem, in a traditional TSP only tour distance is taken as a unique objective to be minimized. When more than one optimization objective arises, the problem is known as a multi-objective TSP. In the present paper, a bi-objective traveling salesman problem (BOTSP) is taken into account, where both the distance and the cost are taken as optimization objectives. In order to efficiently solve the problem, a hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed. Firstly, two satisfaction degree indices are provided for each edge by considering the influences of the distance and the cost weight. The first satisfaction degree is used to select edges in a “rough” way, while the second satisfaction degree is executed for a more “refined” choice. Secondly, two satisfaction degrees are also applied to generate new individuals in the iteration process. Finally, based on genetic algorithm framework as well as 2-opt selection strategy, a hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed. The simulation illustrates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

A method to induce stable atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice housed with skin-lesioned mice.

PubMed

Takano, N; Arai, I; Kurachi, M

2006-03-01

Itching is a characteristic symptom in various forms of dermatosis, especially atopic dermatitis; consequently it is a major diagnostic criterion. All features are similar to events seen in patients, hence NC/Nga mice are considered to be a suitable model of human atopic dermatitis. However, there were data spreads in commencing time and the degree of skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. In the present study, we attempted to improve experimental conditions to induce stable skin lesions and to establish a more appropriate method. Methods NC/Nga mice were kept together with skin-lesioned mice during the experiment period (mixed-NC mice). The dermatitis scores of face, ears and rostral back were assessed. Scratching behaviour was measured using an apparatus, MicroAct (Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and serum total IgE levels were also measured. To observe the presence of mites, the skin of the rostral backs of the mixed-NC mice was stripped using cellulose tape. We also investigated the effects of fipronil (Wako, Osaka, Japan), an acaricidal compound, on skin lesions and scratching behaviour of these mixed-NC mice. In mixed-NC mice, skin lesions appeared from 2 weeks, worsened gradually and reached peak levels of a dermatitis score in 8 weeks. Scratching behaviour increased significantly from day 3. TEWL also increased from day 3, but total IgE increased from day 7. Mites were observed on the rostral backs of mixed-NC mice from day 3, and all mice had these mites on day 28. Giving pretreatment with fipronil (Wako), the skin lesions and scratching behaviour of mixed-NC mice was significantly suppressed. The findings of the present study suggest that the method of being kept together with skin-lesioned mice can induce stable skin lesions and scratching behaviour at an early stage, without skin lesions. This method could help investigate a more stable evaluation of the effects on symptoms of atopic dermatitis, and mechanisms of the itching. It was considered that parasitism of mites, not allergic reactions, was the pathogenesis of skin lesions and scratching behaviour in mixed-NC mice.

The 2011 Mineral, VA M5.8 Earthquake Ground Motions and Stress Drop: An Important Contribution to the NGA East Ground Motion Database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cramer, C. H.; Kutliroff, J.; Dangkua, D.

2011-12-01

The M5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake of August 23, 2011 is the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in eastern North America since the 1988 M5.9 Saguenay, Canada earthquake. Historically, a similar magnitude earthquake occurred on May 31, 1897 at 18:58 UCT in western Virginia west of Roanoke. Paleoseismic evidence for larger magnitude earthquakes has also been found in the central Virginia region. The Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) East project to develop new ground motion prediction equations for stable continental regions (SCRs), including eastern North America (ENA), is ongoing at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center funded by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the U.S. Department of Energy. The available recordings from the M5.8 Virginia are being added to the NGA East ground motion database. Close in (less than 100 km) strong motion recordings are particularly interesting for both ground motion and stress drop estimates as most close-in broadband seismometers clipped on the mainshock. A preliminary estimate for earthquake corner frequency for the M5.8 Virginia earthquake of ~0.7 Hz has been obtained from a strong motion record 57 km from the mainshock epicenter. For a M5.8 earthquake this suggests a Brune stress drop of ~300 bars for the Virginia event. Very preliminary comparisons using accelerometer data suggest the ground motions from the M5.8 Virginia earthquake agree well with current ENA ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) at short periods (PGA, 0.2 s) and are below the GMPEs at longer periods (1.0 s), which is the same relationship seen from other recent M5 ENA earthquakes. We will present observed versus GMPE ground motion comparisons for all the ground motion observations and stress drop estimates from strong motion recordings at distances less than 100 km. A review of the completed NGA East ENA ground motion database will also be provided.

Using a genetic algorithm as an optimal band selector in the mid and thermal infrared (2.5-14 μm) to discriminate vegetation species.

PubMed

Ullah, Saleem; Groen, Thomas A; Schlerf, Martin; Skidmore, Andrew K; Nieuwenhuis, Willem; Vaiphasa, Chaichoke

2012-01-01

Genetic variation between various plant species determines differences in their physio-chemical makeup and ultimately in their hyperspectral emissivity signatures. The hyperspectral emissivity signatures, on the one hand, account for the subtle physio-chemical changes in the vegetation, but on the other hand, highlight the problem of high dimensionality. The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with the spectral angle mapper (SAM) to identify a meaningful subset of wavebands sensitive enough to discriminate thirteen broadleaved vegetation species from the laboratory measured hyperspectral emissivities. The performance was evaluated using an overall classification accuracy and Jeffries Matusita distance. For the multiple plant species, the targeted bands based on genetic algorithms resulted in a high overall classification accuracy (90%). Concentrating on the pairwise comparison results, the selected wavebands based on genetic algorithms resulted in higher Jeffries Matusita (J-M) distances than randomly selected wavebands did. This study concludes that targeted wavebands from leaf emissivity spectra are able to discriminate vegetation species.

Improved genetic algorithm for the protein folding problem by use of a Cartesian combination operator.

PubMed Central

Rabow, A. A.; Scheraga, H. A.

1996-01-01

We have devised a Cartesian combination operator and coding scheme for improving the performance of genetic algorithms applied to the protein folding problem. The genetic coding consists of the C alpha Cartesian coordinates of the protein chain. The recombination of the genes of the parents is accomplished by: (1) a rigid superposition of one parent chain on the other, to make the relation of Cartesian coordinates meaningful, then, (2) the chains of the children are formed through a linear combination of the coordinates of their parents. The children produced with this Cartesian combination operator scheme have similar topology and retain the long-range contacts of their parents. The new scheme is significantly more efficient than the standard genetic algorithm methods for locating low-energy conformations of proteins. The considerable superiority of genetic algorithms over Monte Carlo optimization methods is also demonstrated. We have also devised a new dynamic programming lattice fitting procedure for use with the Cartesian combination operator method. The procedure finds excellent fits of real-space chains to the lattice while satisfying bond-length, bond-angle, and overlap constraints. PMID:8880904

The genetic algorithm: A robust method for stress inversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thakur, Prithvi; Srivastava, Deepak C.; Gupta, Pravin K.

2017-01-01

The stress inversion of geological or geophysical observations is a nonlinear problem. In most existing methods, it is solved by linearization, under certain assumptions. These linear algorithms not only oversimplify the problem but also are vulnerable to entrapment of the solution in a local optimum. We propose the use of a nonlinear heuristic technique, the genetic algorithm, which searches the global optimum without making any linearizing assumption or simplification. The algorithm mimics the natural evolutionary processes of selection, crossover and mutation and, minimizes a composite misfit function for searching the global optimum, the fittest stress tensor. The validity and efficacy of the algorithm are demonstrated by a series of tests on synthetic and natural fault-slip observations in different tectonic settings and also in situations where the observations are noisy. It is shown that the genetic algorithm is superior to other commonly practised methods, in particular, in those tectonic settings where none of the principal stresses is directed vertically and/or the given data set is noisy.

USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS TO DESIGN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PROCESSES

EPA Science Inventory

Genetic algorithm calculations are applied to the design of chemical processes to achieve improvements in environmental and economic performance. By finding the set of Pareto (i.e., non-dominated) solutions one can see how different objectives, such as environmental and economic ...

The application of immune genetic algorithm in main steam temperature of PID control of BP network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Han; Zhen-yu, Zhang

In order to overcome the uncertainties, large delay, large inertia and nonlinear property of the main steam temperature controlled object in the power plant, a neural network intelligent PID control system based on immune genetic algorithm and BP neural network is designed. Using the immune genetic algorithm global search optimization ability and good convergence, optimize the weights of the neural network, meanwhile adjusting PID parameters using BP network. The simulation result shows that the system is superior to conventional PID control system in the control of quality and robustness.

Optimization of multicast optical networks with genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lv, Bo; Mao, Xiangqiao; Zhang, Feng; Qin, Xi; Lu, Dan; Chen, Ming; Chen, Yong; Cao, Jihong; Jian, Shuisheng

2007-11-01

In this letter, aiming to obtain the best multicast performance of optical network in which the video conference information is carried by specified wavelength, we extend the solutions of matrix games with the network coding theory and devise a new method to solve the complex problems of multicast network switching. In addition, an experimental optical network has been testified with best switching strategies by employing the novel numerical solution designed with an effective way of genetic algorithm. The result shows that optimal solutions with genetic algorithm are accordance with the ones with the traditional fictitious play method.

Real coded genetic algorithm for fuzzy time series prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jain, Shilpa; Bisht, Dinesh C. S.; Singh, Phool; Mathpal, Prakash C.

2017-10-01

Genetic Algorithm (GA) forms a subset of evolutionary computing, rapidly growing area of Artificial Intelligence (A.I.). Some variants of GA are binary GA, real GA, messy GA, micro GA, saw tooth GA, differential evolution GA. This research article presents a real coded GA for predicting enrollments of University of Alabama. Data of Alabama University is a fuzzy time series. Here, fuzzy logic is used to predict enrollments of Alabama University and genetic algorithm optimizes fuzzy intervals. Results are compared to other eminent author works and found satisfactory, and states that real coded GA are fast and accurate.

Air data system optimization using a genetic algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deshpande, Samir M.; Kumar, Renjith R.; Seywald, Hans; Siemers, Paul M., III

1992-01-01

An optimization method for flush-orifice air data system design has been developed using the Genetic Algorithm approach. The optimization of the orifice array minimizes the effect of normally distributed random noise in the pressure readings on the calculation of air data parameters, namely, angle of attack, sideslip angle and freestream dynamic pressure. The optimization method is applied to the design of Pressure Distribution/Air Data System experiment (PD/ADS) proposed for inclusion in the Aeroassist Flight Experiment (AFE). Results obtained by the Genetic Algorithm method are compared to the results obtained by conventional gradient search method.

Simultaneous optimization of the cavity heat load and trip rates in linacs using a genetic algorithm

DOE PAGES

Terzić, Balša; Hofler, Alicia S.; Reeves, Cody J.; ...

2014-10-15

In this paper, a genetic algorithm-based optimization is used to simultaneously minimize two competing objectives guiding the operation of the Jefferson Lab's Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility linacs: cavity heat load and radio frequency cavity trip rates. The results represent a significant improvement to the standard linac energy management tool and thereby could lead to a more efficient Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility configuration. This study also serves as a proof of principle of how a genetic algorithm can be used for optimizing other linac-based machines.

A novel hybrid genetic algorithm for optimal design of IPM machines for electric vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Aimeng; Guo, Jiayu

2017-12-01

A novel hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to optimize the rotor structure of an IPM machine which is used in EV application. The finite element (FE) simulation results of the HGA design is compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) design and those before optimized. It is shown that the performance of the IPMSM is effectively improved by employing the GA and HGA, especially by HGA. Moreover, higher flux-weakening capability and less magnet usage are also obtained. Therefore, the validity of HGA method in IPMSM optimization design is verified.

A Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic Approach for Video Shot Boundary Detection

PubMed Central

Thounaojam, Dalton Meitei; Khelchandra, Thongam; Singh, Kh. Manglem; Roy, Sudipta

2016-01-01

This paper proposed a shot boundary detection approach using Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic. In this, the membership functions of the fuzzy system are calculated using Genetic Algorithm by taking preobserved actual values for shot boundaries. The classification of the types of shot transitions is done by the fuzzy system. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the shot boundary detection increases with the increase in iterations or generations of the GA optimization process. The proposed system is compared to latest techniques and yields better result in terms of F1score parameter. PMID:27127500

Abdomen disease diagnosis in CT images using flexiscale curvelet transform and improved genetic algorithm.

PubMed

Sethi, Gaurav; Saini, B S

2015-12-01

This paper presents an abdomen disease diagnostic system based on the flexi-scale curvelet transform, which uses different optimal scales for extracting features from computed tomography (CT) images. To optimize the scale of the flexi-scale curvelet transform, we propose an improved genetic algorithm. The conventional genetic algorithm assumes that fit parents will likely produce the healthiest offspring that leads to the least fit parents accumulating at the bottom of the population, reducing the fitness of subsequent populations and delaying the optimal solution search. In our improved genetic algorithm, combining the chromosomes of a low-fitness and a high-fitness individual increases the probability of producing high-fitness offspring. Thereby, all of the least fit parent chromosomes are combined with high fit parent to produce offspring for the next population. In this way, the leftover weak chromosomes cannot damage the fitness of subsequent populations. To further facilitate the search for the optimal solution, our improved genetic algorithm adopts modified elitism. The proposed method was applied to 120 CT abdominal images; 30 images each of normal subjects, cysts, tumors and stones. The features extracted by the flexi-scale curvelet transform were more discriminative than conventional methods, demonstrating the potential of our method as a diagnostic tool for abdomen diseases.

Active suppression of a leaf meristem orchestrates determinate leaf growth

PubMed Central

Alvarez, John Paul; Furumizu, Chihiro; Efroni, Idan; Eshed, Yuval; Bowman, John L

2016-01-01

Leaves are flat determinate organs derived from indeterminate shoot apical meristems. The presence of a specific leaf meristem is debated, as anatomical features typical of meristems are not present in leaves. Here we demonstrate that multiple NGATHA (NGA) and CINCINNATA-class-TCP (CIN-TCP) transcription factors act redundantly, shortly after leaf initiation, to gradually restrict the activity of a leaf meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana to marginal and basal domains, and that their absence confers persistent marginal growth to leaves, cotyledons and floral organs. Following primordia initiation, the restriction of the broadly acting leaf meristem to the margins is mediated by the juxtaposition of adaxial and abaxial domains and maintained by WOX homeobox transcription factors, whereas other marginal elaboration genes are dispensable for its maintenance. This genetic framework parallels the morphogenetic program of shoot apical meristems and may represent a relic of an ancestral shoot system from which seed plant leaves evolved. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15023.001 PMID:27710768

Genetic Bee Colony (GBC) algorithm: A new gene selection method for microarray cancer classification.

PubMed

Alshamlan, Hala M; Badr, Ghada H; Alohali, Yousef A

2015-06-01

Naturally inspired evolutionary algorithms prove effectiveness when used for solving feature selection and classification problems. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is a relatively new swarm intelligence method. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid gene selection method, namely Genetic Bee Colony (GBC) algorithm. The proposed algorithm combines the used of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) along with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. The goal is to integrate the advantages of both algorithms. The proposed algorithm is applied to a microarray gene expression profile in order to select the most predictive and informative genes for cancer classification. In order to test the accuracy performance of the proposed algorithm, extensive experiments were conducted. Three binary microarray datasets are use, which include: colon, leukemia, and lung. In addition, another three multi-class microarray datasets are used, which are: SRBCT, lymphoma, and leukemia. Results of the GBC algorithm are compared with our recently proposed technique: mRMR when combined with the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (mRMR-ABC). We also compared the combination of mRMR with GA (mRMR-GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (mRMR-PSO) algorithms. In addition, we compared the GBC algorithm with other related algorithms that have been recently published in the literature, using all benchmark datasets. The GBC algorithm shows superior performance as it achieved the highest classification accuracy along with the lowest average number of selected genes. This proves that the GBC algorithm is a promising approach for solving the gene selection problem in both binary and multi-class cancer classification. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Image processing meta-algorithm development via genetic manipulation of existing algorithm graphs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schalkoff, Robert J.; Shaaban, Khaled M.

1999-07-01

Automatic algorithm generation for image processing applications is not a new idea, however previous work is either restricted to morphological operates or impractical. In this paper, we show recent research result in the development and use of meta-algorithms, i.e. algorithms which lead to new algorithms. Although the concept is generally applicable, the application domain in this work is restricted to image processing. The meta-algorithm concept described in this paper is based upon out work in dynamic algorithm. The paper first present the concept of dynamic algorithms which, on the basis of training and archived algorithmic experience embedded in an algorithm graph (AG), dynamically adjust the sequence of operations applied to the input image data. Each node in the tree-based representation of a dynamic algorithm with out degree greater than 2 is a decision node. At these nodes, the algorithm examines the input data and determines which path will most likely achieve the desired results. This is currently done using nearest-neighbor classification. The details of this implementation are shown. The constrained perturbation of existing algorithm graphs, coupled with a suitable search strategy, is one mechanism to achieve meta-algorithm an doffers rich potential for the discovery of new algorithms. In our work, a meta-algorithm autonomously generates new dynamic algorithm graphs via genetic recombination of existing algorithm graphs. The AG representation is well suited to this genetic-like perturbation, using a commonly- employed technique in artificial neural network synthesis, namely the blueprint representation of graphs. A number of exam. One of the principal limitations of our current approach is the need for significant human input in the learning phase. Efforts to overcome this limitation are discussed. Future research directions are indicated.

Finite element analysis and genetic algorithm optimization design for the actuator placement on a large adaptive structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheng, Lizeng

The dissertation focuses on one of the major research needs in the area of adaptive/intelligent/smart structures, the development and application of finite element analysis and genetic algorithms for optimal design of large-scale adaptive structures. We first review some basic concepts in finite element method and genetic algorithms, along with the research on smart structures. Then we propose a solution methodology for solving a critical problem in the design of a next generation of large-scale adaptive structures---optimal placements of a large number of actuators to control thermal deformations. After briefly reviewing the three most frequently used general approaches to derive a finite element formulation, the dissertation presents techniques associated with general shell finite element analysis using flat triangular laminated composite elements. The element used here has three nodes and eighteen degrees of freedom and is obtained by combining a triangular membrane element and a triangular plate bending element. The element includes the coupling effect between membrane deformation and bending deformation. The membrane element is derived from the linear strain triangular element using Cook's transformation. The discrete Kirchhoff triangular (DKT) element is used as the plate bending element. For completeness, a complete derivation of the DKT is presented. Geometrically nonlinear finite element formulation is derived for the analysis of adaptive structures under the combined thermal and electrical loads. Next, we solve the optimization problems of placing a large number of piezoelectric actuators to control thermal distortions in a large mirror in the presence of four different thermal loads. We then extend this to a multi-objective optimization problem of determining only one set of piezoelectric actuator locations that can be used to control the deformation in the same mirror under the action of any one of the four thermal loads. A series of genetic algorithms, GA Version 1, 2 and 3, were developed to find the optimal locations of piezoelectric actuators from the order of 1021 ˜ 1056 candidate placements. Introducing a variable population approach, we improve the flexibility of selection operation in genetic algorithms. Incorporating mutation and hill climbing into micro-genetic algorithms, we are able to develop a more efficient genetic algorithm. Through extensive numerical experiments, we find that the design search space for the optimal placements of a large number of actuators is highly multi-modal and that the most distinct nature of genetic algorithms is their robustness. They give results that are random but with only a slight variability. The genetic algorithms can be used to get adequate solution using a limited number of evaluations. To get the highest quality solution, multiple runs including different random seed generators are necessary. The investigation time can be significantly reduced using a very coarse grain parallel computing. Overall, the methodology of using finite element analysis and genetic algorithm optimization provides a robust solution approach for the challenging problem of optimal placements of a large number of actuators in the design of next generation of adaptive structures.

Selecting materialized views using random algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Lijuan; Hao, Zhongxiao; Liu, Chi

2007-04-01

The data warehouse is a repository of information collected from multiple possibly heterogeneous autonomous distributed databases. The information stored at the data warehouse is in form of views referred to as materialized views. The selection of the materialized views is one of the most important decisions in designing a data warehouse. Materialized views are stored in the data warehouse for the purpose of efficiently implementing on-line analytical processing queries. The first issue for the user to consider is query response time. So in this paper, we develop algorithms to select a set of views to materialize in data warehouse in order to minimize the total view maintenance cost under the constraint of a given query response time. We call it query_cost view_ selection problem. First, cost graph and cost model of query_cost view_ selection problem are presented. Second, the methods for selecting materialized views by using random algorithms are presented. The genetic algorithm is applied to the materialized views selection problem. But with the development of genetic process, the legal solution produced become more and more difficult, so a lot of solutions are eliminated and producing time of the solutions is lengthened in genetic algorithm. Therefore, improved algorithm has been presented in this paper, which is the combination of simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm for the purpose of solving the query cost view selection problem. Finally, in order to test the function and efficiency of our algorithms experiment simulation is adopted. The experiments show that the given methods can provide near-optimal solutions in limited time and works better in practical cases. Randomized algorithms will become invaluable tools for data warehouse evolution.

Ortho Image and DTM Generation with Intelligent Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagheri, H.; Sadeghian, S.

2013-10-01

Nowadays the artificial intelligent algorithms has considered in GIS and remote sensing. Genetic algorithm and artificial neural network are two intelligent methods that are used for optimizing of image processing programs such as edge extraction and etc. these algorithms are very useful for solving of complex program. In this paper, the ability and application of genetic algorithm and artificial neural network in geospatial production process like geometric modelling of satellite images for ortho photo generation and height interpolation in raster Digital Terrain Model production process is discussed. In first, the geometric potential of Ikonos-2 and Worldview-2 with rational functions, 2D & 3D polynomials were tested. Also comprehensive experiments have been carried out to evaluate the viability of the genetic algorithm for optimization of rational function, 2D & 3D polynomials. Considering the quality of Ground Control Points, the accuracy (RMSE) with genetic algorithm and 3D polynomials method for Ikonos-2 Geo image was 0.508 pixel sizes and the accuracy (RMSE) with GA algorithm and rational function method for Worldview-2 image was 0.930 pixel sizes. For more another optimization artificial intelligent methods, neural networks were used. With the use of perceptron network in Worldview-2 image, a result of 0.84 pixel sizes with 4 neurons in middle layer was gained. The final conclusion was that with artificial intelligent algorithms it is possible to optimize the existing models and have better results than usual ones. Finally the artificial intelligence methods, like genetic algorithms as well as neural networks, were examined on sample data for optimizing interpolation and for generating Digital Terrain Models. The results then were compared with existing conventional methods and it appeared that these methods have a high capacity in heights interpolation and that using these networks for interpolating and optimizing the weighting methods based on inverse distance leads to a high accurate estimation of heights.

Sensitivity Analysis of Genetic Algorithm Parameters for Optimal Groundwater Monitoring Network Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdeh-Kolahchi, A.; Satish, M.; Datta, B.

2004-05-01

A state art groundwater monitoring network design is introduced. The method combines groundwater flow and transport results with optimization Genetic Algorithm (GA) to identify optimal monitoring well locations. Optimization theory uses different techniques to find a set of parameter values that minimize or maximize objective functions. The suggested groundwater optimal monitoring network design is based on the objective of maximizing the probability of tracking a transient contamination plume by determining sequential monitoring locations. The MODFLOW and MT3DMS models included as separate modules within the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) are used to develop three dimensional groundwater flow and contamination transport simulation. The groundwater flow and contamination simulation results are introduced as input to the optimization model, using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to identify the groundwater optimal monitoring network design, based on several candidate monitoring locations. The groundwater monitoring network design model is used Genetic Algorithms with binary variables representing potential monitoring location. As the number of decision variables and constraints increase, the non-linearity of the objective function also increases which make difficulty to obtain optimal solutions. The genetic algorithm is an evolutionary global optimization technique, which is capable of finding the optimal solution for many complex problems. In this study, the GA approach capable of finding the global optimal solution to a groundwater monitoring network design problem involving 18.4X 1018 feasible solutions will be discussed. However, to ensure the efficiency of the solution process and global optimality of the solution obtained using GA, it is necessary that appropriate GA parameter values be specified. The sensitivity analysis of genetic algorithms parameters such as random number, crossover probability, mutation probability, and elitism are discussed for solution of monitoring network design.

JavaGenes and Condor: Cycle-Scavenging Genetic Algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Globus, Al; Langhirt, Eric; Livny, Miron; Ramamurthy, Ravishankar; Soloman, Marvin; Traugott, Steve

2000-01-01

A genetic algorithm code, JavaGenes, was written in Java and used to evolve pharmaceutical drug molecules and digital circuits. JavaGenes was run under the Condor cycle-scavenging batch system managing 100-170 desktop SGI workstations. Genetic algorithms mimic biological evolution by evolving solutions to problems using crossover and mutation. While most genetic algorithms evolve strings or trees, JavaGenes evolves graphs representing (currently) molecules and circuits. Java was chosen as the implementation language because the genetic algorithm requires random splitting and recombining of graphs, a complex data structure manipulation with ample opportunities for memory leaks, loose pointers, out-of-bound indices, and other hard to find bugs. Java garbage-collection memory management, lack of pointer arithmetic, and array-bounds index checking prevents these bugs from occurring, substantially reducing development time. While a run-time performance penalty must be paid, the only unacceptable performance we encountered was using standard Java serialization to checkpoint and restart the code. This was fixed by a two-day implementation of custom checkpointing. JavaGenes is minimally integrated with Condor; in other words, JavaGenes must do its own checkpointing and I/O redirection. A prototype Java-aware version of Condor was developed using standard Java serialization for checkpointing. For the prototype to be useful, standard Java serialization must be significantly optimized. JavaGenes is approximately 8700 lines of code and a few thousand JavaGenes jobs have been run. Most jobs ran for a few days. Results include proof that genetic algorithms can evolve directed and undirected graphs, development of a novel crossover operator for graphs, a paper in the journal Nanotechnology, and another paper in preparation.

Incremental cost-effectiveness of algorithm-driven genetic testing versus no testing for Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) in Singapore.

PubMed

Nguyen, Hai Van; Finkelstein, Eric Andrew; Mital, Shweta; Gardner, Daphne Su-Lyn

2017-11-01

Offering genetic testing for Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) to all young patients with type 2 diabetes has been shown to be not cost-effective. This study tests whether a novel algorithm-driven genetic testing strategy for MODY is incrementally cost-effective relative to the setting of no testing. A decision tree was constructed to estimate the costs and effectiveness of the algorithm-driven MODY testing strategy and a strategy of no genetic testing over a 30-year time horizon from a payer's perspective. The algorithm uses glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody testing (negative antibodies), age of onset of diabetes (<45 years) and body mass index (<25 kg/m 2 if diagnosed >30 years) to stratify the population of patients with diabetes into three subgroups, and testing for MODY only among the subgroup most likely to have the mutation. Singapore-specific costs and prevalence of MODY obtained from local studies and utility values sourced from the literature are used to populate the model. The algorithm-driven MODY testing strategy has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$93 663 per quality-adjusted life year relative to the no testing strategy. If the price of genetic testing falls from US$1050 to US$530 (a 50% decrease), it will become cost-effective. Our proposed algorithm-driven testing strategy for MODY is not yet cost-effective based on established benchmarks. However, as genetic testing prices continue to fall, this strategy is likely to become cost-effective in the near future. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Genetic Algorithms for Multiple-Choice Problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aickelin, Uwe

2010-04-01

This thesis investigates the use of problem-specific knowledge to enhance a genetic algorithm approach to multiple-choice optimisation problems.It shows that such information can significantly enhance performance, but that the choice of information and the way it is included are important factors for success.Two multiple-choice problems are considered.The first is constructing a feasible nurse roster that considers as many requests as possible.In the second problem, shops are allocated to locations in a mall subject to constraints and maximising the overall income.Genetic algorithms are chosen for their well-known robustness and ability to solve large and complex discrete optimisation problems.However, a survey of the literature reveals room for further research into generic ways to include constraints into a genetic algorithm framework.Hence, the main theme of this work is to balance feasibility and cost of solutions.In particular, co-operative co-evolution with hierarchical sub-populations, problem structure exploiting repair schemes and indirect genetic algorithms with self-adjusting decoder functions are identified as promising approaches.The research starts by applying standard genetic algorithms to the problems and explaining the failure of such approaches due to epistasis.To overcome this, problem-specific information is added in a variety of ways, some of which are designed to increase the number of feasible solutions found whilst others are intended to improve the quality of such solutions.As well as a theoretical discussion as to the underlying reasons for using each operator,extensive computational experiments are carried out on a variety of data.These show that the indirect approach relies less on problem structure and hence is easier to implement and superior in solution quality.

A synthetic genetic edge detection program.

PubMed

Tabor, Jeffrey J; Salis, Howard M; Simpson, Zachary Booth; Chevalier, Aaron A; Levskaya, Anselm; Marcotte, Edward M; Voigt, Christopher A; Ellington, Andrew D

2009-06-26

Edge detection is a signal processing algorithm common in artificial intelligence and image recognition programs. We have constructed a genetically encoded edge detection algorithm that programs an isogenic community of E. coli to sense an image of light, communicate to identify the light-dark edges, and visually present the result of the computation. The algorithm is implemented using multiple genetic circuits. An engineered light sensor enables cells to distinguish between light and dark regions. In the dark, cells produce a diffusible chemical signal that diffuses into light regions. Genetic logic gates are used so that only cells that sense light and the diffusible signal produce a positive output. A mathematical model constructed from first principles and parameterized with experimental measurements of the component circuits predicts the performance of the complete program. Quantitatively accurate models will facilitate the engineering of more complex biological behaviors and inform bottom-up studies of natural genetic regulatory networks.

A Synthetic Genetic Edge Detection Program

PubMed Central

Tabor, Jeffrey J.; Salis, Howard; Simpson, Zachary B.; Chevalier, Aaron A.; Levskaya, Anselm; Marcotte, Edward M.; Voigt, Christopher A.; Ellington, Andrew D.

2009-01-01

Summary Edge detection is a signal processing algorithm common in artificial intelligence and image recognition programs. We have constructed a genetically encoded edge detection algorithm that programs an isogenic community of E.coli to sense an image of light, communicate to identify the light-dark edges, and visually present the result of the computation. The algorithm is implemented using multiple genetic circuits. An engineered light sensor enables cells to distinguish between light and dark regions. In the dark, cells produce a diffusible chemical signal that diffuses into light regions. Genetic logic gates are used so that only cells that sense light and the diffusible signal produce a positive output. A mathematical model constructed from first principles and parameterized with experimental measurements of the component circuits predicts the performance of the complete program. Quantitatively accurate models will facilitate the engineering of more complex biological behaviors and inform bottom-up studies of natural genetic regulatory networks. PMID:19563759

Constrained minimization of smooth functions using a genetic algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moerder, Daniel D.; Pamadi, Bandu N.

1994-01-01

The use of genetic algorithms for minimization of differentiable functions that are subject to differentiable constraints is considered. A technique is demonstrated for converting the solution of the necessary conditions for a constrained minimum into an unconstrained function minimization. This technique is extended as a global constrained optimization algorithm. The theory is applied to calculating minimum-fuel ascent control settings for an energy state model of an aerospace plane.

32 CFR 320.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320.2 Definitions. As used in this part: (a... as a finger or voice print or a photograph. (g) Routine use. The disclosure of a record outside the...

The National Map: New Viewer, Services, and Data Download

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dollison, Robert M.

2010-01-01

Managed by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Geospatial Program, The National Map has transitioned data assets and viewer applications to a new visualization and product and service delivery environment, which includes an improved viewing platform, base map data and overlay services, and an integrated data download service. This new viewing solution expands upon the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) Palanterra X3 viewer, providing a solid technology foundation for navigation and basic Web mapping functionality. Building upon the NGA viewer allows The National Map to focus on improving data services, functions, and data download capabilities. Initially released to the public at the 125th anniversary of mapping in the USGS on December 3, 2009, the viewer and services are now the primary distribution point for The National Map data. The National Map Viewer: http://viewer.nationalmap.gov

European views on controlling acid rain. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fay, J.A.

The National Governors Association (NGA) will be considering a plan for alleviating acid rain effects by reduction of emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. This plan, in some respects similar to current legislative proposals in Congress, was formulated by the northeastern governors with administrative support from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Lt. Governor John Kerry has undertaken to prepare this plan for consideration by the NGA. In order to provide a better understanding of how other industrialized nations are dealing with the acid rain problem, the office of Lt. Gov. Kerry arranged for a tour of European countries during the weekmore » beginning 10 January 1984. Norway, Sweden, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Belgium and the United Kingdom (UK) were visited, as well as the Commission of the European Communities (EEC) in Brussels.« less

Improvement of interfacial and electrical properties of Al2O3/ n-Ga0.47In0.53As for III-V impact ionization MOSFETs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lechaux, Y.; Fadjie, A.; Bollaert, S.; Talbo, V.; Mateos, J.; González, T.; Vasallo, B. G.; Wichmann, N.

2015-10-01

In this work, Metal - Oxide - Semiconductor Capacitors (MOSCaps) based on Al2O3/ n-Ga0.47In0.53As interface have been studied. In order to have high MOSFETs performance, it is necessary to improve the semiconductor - oxide interface quality. It is observed that the (NH4)2S passivation shows lower interface trap density in the order of 6×1011cm-2.eV-1. Also, it is observed that O2 plasma densification after a passivation in a NH4OH solution improves the electrical behaviour of the charge control. Low interface trap density in the order of 1×1012cm-2.eV-1 was obtained for different treatments presented in this work.

A Study of E+A Galaxies Through SDSS-MaNGA Integral Field Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wally, Muhammad; Weaver, Olivia A.; Anderson, Miguel Ricardo; Liu, Allen; Falcone, Julia; Wallack, Nicole Lisa; James, Olivia; Liu, Charles

2017-01-01

We outline the selection process and analysis of sixteen E+A galaxies observed by the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey as a part of the fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV). We present their Integral field spectroscopy and analyze their spatial distribution of stellar ages, metallicities and other stellar population properties. We can potentially study the variation in these properties as a function of redshift. This work was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation via the SDSS-IV Faculty and Student Team (FAST) initiative, ARC Agreement #SSP483 to the CUNY College of Staten Island. This work was also supported by grants to The American Museum of Natural History, and the CUNY College of Staten Island through The National Science Foundation.

Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung extract inhibits 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice

PubMed Central

Kang, Myung Ah; Choung, Se-Young

2016-01-01

Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung (SH) is a widely consumed anthocyanin-rich food and medicinal plant, which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. The present study aimed to examine the inhibitory effects of SH extract on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by the topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in NC/Nga mice. SH extract was orally administered to the DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice. The anti-AD effects of SH extract were examined by measuring symptom severity; ear thickness; scratching behavior; serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E; T-helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels in the spleen; mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; and tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results demonstrated that SH extract inhibited the development of AD-like lesions, and reduced IgE levels and the production of cytokines. Furthermore, SH extract significantly suppressed the expression of AD-associated mRNAs in lesional skin. Histological alterations in the AD-like lesions were visualized using hematoxylin and eosin, and toluidine blue staining in the DNCB-treated group; the alterations were attenuated following SH treatment. In addition, thickening of the epidermis and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the DNCB-treated mice were suppressed by SH treatment. These results suggested that SH extract may suppress the development of AD symptoms through modulation of the Th1 and Th2 responses. PMID:27510042

2017 Updates: Earth Gravitational Model 2020

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnes, D. E.; Holmes, S. A.; Ingalls, S.; Beale, J.; Presicci, M. R.; Minter, C.

2017-12-01

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency [NGA], in conjunction with its U.S. and international partners, has begun preliminary work on its next Earth Gravitational Model, to replace EGM2008. The new `Earth Gravitational Model 2020' [EGM2020] has an expected public release date of 2020, and will retain the same harmonic basis and resolution as EGM2008. As such, EGM2020 will be essentially an ellipsoidal harmonic model up to degree (n) and order (m) 2159, but will be released as a spherical harmonic model to degree 2190 and order 2159. EGM2020 will benefit from new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE mission, will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and shipborne) of gravimetric data over specific geographical areas (Antarctica, Greenland …), will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land, as well as for coastal and some ocean areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data as well as improvements in the treatment of this data, will better define the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. NGA and partners are evaluating different approaches for optimally combining the new GOCE/GRACE satellite gravity models with the terrestrial data. These include the latest methods employing a full covariance adjustment. NGA is also working to assess systematically the quality of its entire gravimetry database, towards correcting biases and other egregious errors. Public release number 15-564

Effects of low-dose light-emitting-diode therapy in combination with water bath for atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kim, Chang-Hyun; Cheong, Kyung Ah; Lim, Won Suk; Park, Hyung-Moo; Lee, Ai-Young

2016-01-01

Light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy and water bath therapy have beneficial effect on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin disease. However, not all current treatments work well and alternative therapies are need. The contribution of combination therapy with low-dose 850 nm LED and water bath was investigated on dermatophagoides farina (Df)-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Low-dose LED (10, 15, and 20 J/cm(2) ) irradiation, water bath (36 ± 1°C) were administered separately and together to the Df-induced NC/Nga mice in acrylic jar once a day for 2 weeks. Combined therapy with low-dose LED therapy and water bath therapy significantly ameliorated the development of AD-like skin lesions. These effects were correlated with the suppression of total IgE, NO, histamine, and Th2-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, combination therapy significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the skin lesions. The beneficial therapeutic effects of this combination therapy might regulate by the inhibition of various immunological responses including Th2-mediated immune responses, inflammatory mediators such as IgE, histamine, and NO, as well as inflammatory cells. The combination therapy of LED and water bath might be used as an efficacious, safe, and steroid-free alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effect of a 308-nm excimer laser on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Oh, Chang Taek; Kwon, Tae-Rin; Seok, Joon; Choi, Eun Ja; Kim, Soon Re; Jang, Yu-Jin; Mun, Seog Kyun; Kim, Chan Woong; Lee, Sungeun; Lee, Jongmin; Kim, Myeung Nam; Choi, Sun Young; Kim, Beom Joon

2016-08-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that can affect all age groups. It has a relapsing course, which dramatically affects the quality of life of patients. A 308-nm excimer laser has been reported to be a safe and effective treatment for inflammatory skin diseases, although the range of potential application has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a 308-nm laser on AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Dermatophagoides farinae-exposed NC/Nga mice with a clinical score of 12 were treated with either a 308-nm excimer laser or narrowband-UVB (NB-UVB). The effects of the 308-nm excimer laser were evaluated by dermatitis scores, skin histology, skin barrier function, and immunological parameters, including IgE and Th2-mediated cytokines. The 308-nm excimer laser significantly reduced the severity of skin lesions and decreased the total serum levels of IgE and Th2-mediated cytokines. The excimer laser also significantly reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate into AD-induced skin lesions. Moreover, treatment with the 308-nm excimer laser led to recovery of skin barrier function in AD-induced skin lesions. The 308-nm excimer laser can be considered a valid and safe therapeutic option for the treatment of localized AD. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:629-637, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Saussurea lappa alleviates inflammatory chemokine production in HaCaT cells and house dust mite-induced atopic-like dermatitis in Nc/Nga mice.

PubMed

Lim, Hye-Sun; Ha, Hyekyung; Lee, Mee-Young; Jin, Seong-Eun; Jeong, Soo-Jin; Jeon, Woo-Young; Shin, Na-Ra; Sok, Dai-Eun; Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo

2014-01-01

Saussurea lappa is a traditional herbal medicine used for to treat various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of S. lappa against atopic dermatitis using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, murine mast cell line MC/9 cells, and a house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis model of Nc/Nga mice. Treatment with the S. lappa caused a significant reduction in the mRNA levels and production of inflammatory chemokines and cytokine, including thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferone-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. S. lappa exhibited the significant reduction in histamine production in MC/9 cells. In the atopic dermatitis model, S. lappa significantly reduced the dermatitis score and serum IgE and TARC levels. In addition, the back skin and ears of S. lappa-treated Nc/Nga mice exhibited reduced histological manifestations of atopic skin lesions such as erosion, hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In conclusion, an extract of S. lappa effectively suppressed the development of atopic dermatitis, which was closely related to the reduction of chemokines and cytokine. Our study suggests that S. lappa may be a potential treatment for atopic dermatitis. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inhibitory Effect of Valencene on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice.

PubMed

Yang, In Jun; Lee, Dong-Ung; Shin, Heung Mook

2016-01-01

Valencene (VAL) isolated from Cyperus rotundus possesses various biological effects such as antiallergic and antimelanogenesis activity. We investigated the effect of VAL on atopic dermatitis (AD) skin lesions and their molecular mechanisms. We topically applied VAL to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) sensitized NC/Nga mice. Modified scoring atopic dermatitis index, scratching behavior, and histological/immunohistochemical staining were used to monitor disease severity. RT-PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the level of IgE, proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines production, and skin barrier proteins expression. Topical application of VAL significantly reduced AD-like symptoms and recovered decreased expression of filaggrin in DNCB-sensitized NC/Nga mice. The levels of serum IgE, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-13 in skin/splenic tissue were reduced. In vitro studies using TNF-α and IFN-γ treated HaCaT cells revealed that VAL inhibited the exaggerated expression of Th2 chemokines including TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL8, GM-CSF, and I-CAM through blockade of the NF-κB pathway. In addition, expression of the skin barrier protein, involucrin, was also increased by VAL treatment. VAL inhibited the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that VAL may serve as a potential therapeutic option for AD.

The 1997 core drilling through Ordovician and Silurian strata at Röstånga, S. Sweden: preliminary stratigraphic assessment and regional comparison

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bergstrom, Stig M.; Huff, W.D.; Koren', T.; Larsson, K.; Ahlberg, P.; Kolata, Dennis R.

1999-01-01

A core drilling at Ro??sta??nga, the first such drilling ever undertaken in this classical Lower Paleozoic outcrop area in W-central Scania, penetrated an approximately 96 m thick succession of Lower Silurian-upper Middle Ordovician marine rocks. The drilling was stopped at a depth of 132.59 m in an interval of crushed rocks, probably a prominent fault zone, that proved impossible to drill through. The core contains a stratigraphical sequence from the basal Upper Llandoverian (Telychian Stage) to the upper Middle Ordovician (Harjuan Stage). The following units are recognized in descending stratigraphic order (approximate thickness in parenthesis): Kallholn Formation (35 m), Lindega??rd Mudstone (27 m), Fja??cka Shale (13 m), Mossen Formation (0.75 m), Skagen Formation (2.5 m), and Sularp Shale (19 m+). Except for the Skagen Formation, the drilled sequence consists of shales and mudstones with occasional thin limestone interbeds and is similar to coeval successions elsewhere in Scania. There are 11 K-bentonite beds in the Kallholn Formation, 2(3?) in the Lindega??rd Mudstone, 1 in the Mossen Formation, 7 in the Skagen Formation, and 33 in the Sularp Shale. The core serves as an excellent Lower Silurian-upper Middle Ordovician reference standard not only for the Ro??sta??nga area but also for southernmost Sweden in general because the cored sequence is the stratigraphically most complete one known anywhere in this region.

Inflammatory airway responses by nasal inoculation of suspended particulate matter in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Ogino, Keiki; Takahashi, Noriko; Kubo, Masayuki; Takeuchi, Akihito; Nakagiri, Motoharu; Fujikura, Yoshihisa

2014-06-01

To evaluate the allergic effect of airborne particulate matter (PM) on the airway, separated soluble supernatant (Sup) and insoluble precipitate (Pre) in suspended PM were inoculated into NC/Nga mice with a high sensitivity for mite allergens. Sup, Pre, or both Sup and Pre with or without pronase treatment were inoculated via the nasal route five times for sensitization and a challenge inoculation on the 11th day in NC/Nga mice. On the 14th day, mice were examined for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count, mRNA expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the lung tissue, and histopathology. Synergistic effects of Sup and Pre were observed as increases in AHR and a histopathological change of Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Increases in neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes of BALF cells were dependent on Pre. The expression of IL-4 mRNA was increased by Sup, and those of IL-5 mRNA and Il-13 mRNA was increased by Sup and Pre. Augmented AHR, mRNA expression of IL-4, peribronchial inflammation, and PAS staining by Sup plus Pre were attenuated by treatment of Sup with pronase to digest proteins. These results suggest that some proteins of ambient PM may be important environmental factors for AHR and airway inflammation with the aid of insoluble particulates, although some soluble factors such as endotoxins cannot be ruled out. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung extract inhibits 2,4‑dinitrochlorobenzene‑induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Kang, Myung Ah; Choung, Se-Young

2016-10-01

Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung (SH) is a widely consumed anthocyanin-rich food and medicinal plant, which possesses anti‑inflammatory and anti‑allergic activities. The present study aimed to examine the inhibitory effects of SH extract on atopic dermatitis (AD)‑like skin lesions induced by the topical application of 2,4‑dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in NC/Nga mice. SH extract was orally administered to the DNCB‑treated NC/Nga mice. The anti‑AD effects of SH extract were examined by measuring symptom severity; ear thickness; scratching behavior; serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E; T‑helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels in the spleen; mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; and tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results demonstrated that SH extract inhibited the development of AD‑like lesions, and reduced IgE levels and the production of cytokines. Furthermore, SH extract significantly suppressed the expression of AD‑associated mRNAs in lesional skin. Histological alterations in the AD‑like lesions were visualized using hematoxylin and eosin, and toluidine blue staining in the DNCB‑treated group; the alterations were attenuated following SH treatment. In addition, thickening of the epidermis and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the DNCB‑treated mice were suppressed by SH treatment. These results suggested that SH extract may suppress the development of AD symptoms through modulation of the Th1 and Th2 responses.

A strong-lensing elliptical galaxy in the MaNGA survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Russell J.

2017-01-01

I report discovery of a new galaxy-scale gravitational lens system, identified using public data from the Mapping Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, as part of a systematic search for lensed background line emitters. The lens is SDSS J170124.01+372258.0, a giant elliptical galaxy with velocity dispersion σ = 256 km s-1, at a redshift of zl = 0.122. After modelling and subtracting the target galaxy light, the integral-field data cube reveals [O II], [O III] and Hβ emission lines corresponding to a source at zs = 0.791, forming an identifiable ring around the galaxy centre. If the ring is formed by a single lensed source, then the Einstein radius is REin ≈ 2.3 arcsec, projecting to ˜5 kpc at the distance of the lens. The total projected lensing mass is MEin = (3.6 ± 0.6) × 1011 M⊙, and the total J-band mass-to-light ratio is 3.0 ± 0.7 solar units. Plausible estimates of the likely dark matter content could reconcile this with a Milky Way-like initial mass function (IMF), for which M/L ≈ 1.5 is expected, but heavier IMFs are by no means excluded with the present data. An alternative interpretation of the system, with a more complex source plane, is also discussed. The discovery of this system bodes well for future lens searches based on MaNGA and other integral-field spectroscopic surveys.

Prophylactic effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 (La1) during the weaning period on atopic dermatitis in NC/NgaTnd mice.

PubMed

Tanaka, Akane; Fukushima, Yoichi; Benyacoub, Jalil; Blum, Stephanie; Matsuda, Hiroshi

2008-01-01

Bacterial exposure in infancy may be one of the determinants of atopic dermatitis (AD) morbidity in later life. Some clinical studies have shown that an intake of probiotics reduced the risks of AD in children; however, the timing and duration of administration for the prevention of AD still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on AD development of the administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii NC553 (La1) during the weaning period, using an animal model of human AD, NC/NgaTnd mice. La1 suspended in drinking water was administered to 4-week-old NC/NgaTnd mice for 4 weeks. Mice were kept up to 16 weeks of age in an air uncontrolled conventional condition. Clinical skin severity, scratching behaviour, histological features, and production of regulatory or inflammatory cytokines in spleens were analyzed. The results indicated that oral administration of La1 suppressed exacerbation of the clinical severity of dermatitis when compared to the controls. Scratching duration, which is the most important cause of skin damage, was also suppressed in mice fed with La1. La1 supplementation also suppressed epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in skin. This study showed that exposure to La1 from the early stages might be beneficial to reduce the exacerbation of AD in children at high-risk of allergy.

Real Time Optima Tracking Using Harvesting Models of the Genetic Algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baskaran, Subbiah; Noever, D.

1999-01-01

Tracking optima in real time propulsion control, particularly for non-stationary optimization problems is a challenging task. Several approaches have been put forward for such a study including the numerical method called the genetic algorithm. In brief, this approach is built upon Darwinian-style competition between numerical alternatives displayed in the form of binary strings, or by analogy to 'pseudogenes'. Breeding of improved solution is an often cited parallel to natural selection in.evolutionary or soft computing. In this report we present our results of applying a novel model of a genetic algorithm for tracking optima in propulsion engineering and in real time control. We specialize the algorithm to mission profiling and planning optimizations, both to select reduced propulsion needs through trajectory planning and to explore time or fuel conservation strategies.

Study of genetic direct search algorithms for function optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zeigler, B. P.

1974-01-01

The results are presented of a study to determine the performance of genetic direct search algorithms in solving function optimization problems arising in the optimal and adaptive control areas. The findings indicate that: (1) genetic algorithms can outperform standard algorithms in multimodal and/or noisy optimization situations, but suffer from lack of gradient exploitation facilities when gradient information can be utilized to guide the search. (2) For large populations, or low dimensional function spaces, mutation is a sufficient operator. However for small populations or high dimensional functions, crossover applied in about equal frequency with mutation is an optimum combination. (3) Complexity, in terms of storage space and running time, is significantly increased when population size is increased or the inversion operator, or the second level adaptation routine is added to the basic structure.

An Adaptive Immune Genetic Algorithm for Edge Detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ying; Bai, Bendu; Zhang, Yanning

An adaptive immune genetic algorithm (AIGA) based on cost minimization technique method for edge detection is proposed. The proposed AIGA recommends the use of adaptive probabilities of crossover, mutation and immune operation, and a geometric annealing schedule in immune operator to realize the twin goals of maintaining diversity in the population and sustaining the fast convergence rate in solving the complex problems such as edge detection. Furthermore, AIGA can effectively exploit some prior knowledge and information of the local edge structure in the edge image to make vaccines, which results in much better local search ability of AIGA than that of the canonical genetic algorithm. Experimental results on gray-scale images show the proposed algorithm perform well in terms of quality of the final edge image, rate of convergence and robustness to noise.

Convergence properties of simple genetic algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bethke, A. D.; Zeigler, B. P.; Strauss, D. M.

1974-01-01

The essential parameters determining the behaviour of genetic algorithms were investigated. Computer runs were made while systematically varying the parameter values. Results based on the progress curves obtained from these runs are presented along with results based on the variability of the population as the run progresses.

A genetic algorithm approach in interface and surface structure optimization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Jian

The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part a global optimization method is developed for the interface and surface structures optimization. Two prototype systems are chosen to be studied. One is Si[001] symmetric tilted grain boundaries and the other is Ag/Au induced Si(111) surface. It is found that Genetic Algorithm is very efficient in finding lowest energy structures in both cases. Not only existing structures in the experiments can be reproduced, but also many new structures can be predicted using Genetic Algorithm. Thus it is shown that Genetic Algorithm is a extremely powerful tool for the materialmore » structures predictions. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the explanation of an experimental observation of thermal radiation from three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal structures. The experimental results seems astounding and confusing, yet the theoretical models in the paper revealed the physics insight behind the phenomena and can well reproduced the experimental results.« less

Estimation of radiative and conductive properties of a semitransparent medium using genetic algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Braiek, A.; Adili, A.; Albouchi, F.; Karkri, M.; Ben Nasrallah, S.

2016-06-01

The aim of this work is to simultaneously identify the conductive and radiative parameters of a semitransparent sample using a photothermal method associated with an inverse problem. The identification of the conductive and radiative proprieties is performed by the minimization of an objective function that represents the errors between calculated temperature and measured signal. The calculated temperature is obtained from a theoretical model built with the thermal quadrupole formalism. Measurement is obtained in the rear face of the sample whose front face is excited by a crenel of heat flux. For identification procedure, a genetic algorithm is developed and used. The genetic algorithm is a useful tool in the simultaneous estimation of correlated or nearly correlated parameters, which can be a limiting factor for the gradient-based methods. The results of the identification procedure show the efficiency and the stability of the genetic algorithm to simultaneously estimate the conductive and radiative properties of clear glass.