A diagnosis of discrimination. Women physicians and the glass ceiling.

PubMed

Sebastian, C

1994-01-01

Author Christy Sebastian writes about some of the limits facing women physicians, from the glass ceiling on down. She relates the limits faced by women physicians to the gender differences--both subtle and blatant--evident in society as a whole.

Participation by women in developmental, social, cognitive, and general psychology: A context for interpreting trends in behavior analysis.

PubMed

McSweeney, Frances K; Parks, Craig D

2002-01-01

We examined participation by women in journals devoted to social, developmental, cognitive, and general psychology. Authorship and first authorship by women increased from 1978 to 1997 for most journals. Participation by women on the editorial staff did not keep pace with their increased authorship for social and developmental psychology. Based on these trends, women's participation decreased with increases in the selectivity of the position for social and developmental psychology (a glass ceiling). The development of a glass ceiling suggests that the contributions of men and women are not always treated equally (gender inequity). Because a similar glass ceiling was reported for journals in behavior analysis (McSweeney, Donahoe, & Swindell, 2000; McSweeney & Swindell, 1998), the causes of this inequity appear to be relatively widespread. The failure to find a glass ceiling for general and cognitive psychology suggests that the inequity might be reduced by subtle pressure for diversity in editorial positions and by adopting actions that encourage women to pursue research positions.

Participation by women in developmental, social, cognitive, and general psychology: A context for interpreting trends in behavior analysis

PubMed Central

McSweeney, Frances K.; Parks, Craig D.

2002-01-01

We examined participation by women in journals devoted to social, developmental, cognitive, and general psychology. Authorship and first authorship by women increased from 1978 to 1997 for most journals. Participation by women on the editorial staff did not keep pace with their increased authorship for social and developmental psychology. Based on these trends, women's participation decreased with increases in the selectivity of the position for social and developmental psychology (a glass ceiling). The development of a glass ceiling suggests that the contributions of men and women are not always treated equally (gender inequity). Because a similar glass ceiling was reported for journals in behavior analysis (McSweeney, Donahoe, & Swindell, 2000; McSweeney & Swindell, 1998), the causes of this inequity appear to be relatively widespread. The failure to find a glass ceiling for general and cognitive psychology suggests that the inequity might be reduced by subtle pressure for diversity in editorial positions and by adopting actions that encourage women to pursue research positions. PMID:22478376

Smashing into the Glass Ceiling for Women Managers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veale, Camilla; Gold, Jeff

1998-01-01

Interviews with 10 women administrators in a British metropolitan district council revealed the glass ceiling to be a complex phenomenon reaching beyond the employment sphere. Their career progression was hindered by lack of career counseling, family-work conflicts, lack of management development for women, and particularly a managerial culture…

Breaking the Educational Glass Ceiling: An Interview with Harry Lenderman

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lenderman, Harry; Sandelands, Eric

2005-01-01

Purpose - To examine the role that corporations can and are playing in removing restrictions to a college or university education for their employees - the educational glass ceiling. Design/methodology/approach - An interview format is used with an experienced academic, and learning and development practitioner, drawing upon experiences and…

Ouch! Or ESL and the Glass Ceiling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Migliacci, Naomi

The realities of the glass ceiling, which prevents qualified women, minorities, and many English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students from advancement and promotion, are rarely discussed in English for Special Purposes (ESP)/ESL programs and courses. This paper explores the barriers to success, focusing on the sociolinguistic factors of verbal and…

Glass ceilings of professionalisation.

PubMed

Stott, Dawn L

2016-04-01

The term glass ceiling is a political term often used to describe an unbreakable barrier that isnot visible with the human eye, but it keeps minorities from rising up i.e. it is a barrier to minoritygroups, in the past (and sometimes still) for women, that stops them from achieving theirtrue potential.

Glass Ceiling for Women in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schedler, Petra; Glastra, Folke; Hake, Barry

2003-01-01

Discusses the place of women in higher education in the Netherlands. Suggests that it is not a question of numbers but of orientation, field, and the glass ceiling. Asserts that despite some improvement, higher education may be one of the last bastions against the recognition of women's worth. (Contains 42 references.) (JOW)

Is there still a glass ceiling for women in academic surgery?

PubMed

Zhuge, Ying; Kaufman, Joyce; Simeone, Diane M; Chen, Herbert; Velazquez, Omaida C

2011-04-01

Despite the dramatically increased entry of women into general surgery and surgical subspecialties, traditionally male-dominated fields, there remains a gross under-representation of women in the leadership positions of these departments. Women begin their careers with fewer academic resources and tend to progress through the ranks slower than men. Female surgeons also receive significantly lower salaries than their male counterparts and are more vulnerable to discrimination, both obvious and covert. Although some argue that female surgeons tend to choose their families over careers, studies have actually shown that women are as eager as men to assume leadership positions, are equally qualified for these positions as men, and are as good as men at leadership tasks.Three major constraints contribute to the glass-ceiling phenomenon: traditional gender roles, manifestations of sexism in the medical environment, and lack of effective mentors. Gender roles contribute to unconscious assumptions that have little to do with actual knowledge and abilities of an individuals and they negatively influence decision-making when it comes to promotions. Sexism has many forms, from subtle to explicit forms, and some studies show that far more women report being discriminately against than do men. There is a lack of same-sex mentors and role models for women in academic surgery, thereby isolating female academicians further. This review summarizes the manifestation of the glass-ceiling phenomenon, identifies some causes of these inequalities, and proposes different strategies for continuing the advancement of women in academic surgery and to shatter the glass ceiling.

Breaking the glass ceiling.

PubMed

Lazarus, A

1997-03-01

The glass ceiling is a form of organizational bias and discrimination that prevents qualified professionals from achieving positions of top governance and leadership. This article examines glass ceiling barriers that keep physicians from the upper reaches of management. While these factors apply mainly to women and minority physicians in academia, and are attributable to sexual harassment and discrimination, physicians as a class are frequently denied executive management positions. Such denial results from inadequate preparation for a career in health care administration. Important issues in the professional development of physician executives include mentoring, training and education, administrative experience, and cultural and personality factors. All of those must be considered when making the transition from medicine to management.

Managers' Beliefs about the Glass Ceiling: Interpersonal and Organizational Factors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elacqua, Tina C.; Beehr, Terry A.; Hansen, Curtiss P.; Webster, Jennica

2009-01-01

The glass ceiling refers to the difficulty of women trying to be promoted into the top management levels. The present study examined managers' potential explanations, implicit or explicit, for why women rarely reach the top hierarchical levels in their own organization. Among 685 managers at a large Midwestern insurance company, a model was…

The Real Glass Ceiling. Your Career.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Savage, Adrian

2002-01-01

There is a powerful and common glass ceiling (barrier that prevents capable employees from being promoted) that affects men as much as women. Between middle management and the executive level, corporate culture shifts to one based on power and a worker must play by new rules even if these have never been explained. (JOW)

"I Got to Where I Am by My Own Strength": Women in Hong Kong Higher Education Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luke, Carmen

1998-01-01

Presents case studies of 11 academic women in senior positions at four universities in Hong Kong. Investigates women's perceptions and experiences of "glass ceiling" factors. Argues that concepts like "glass ceiling" politics cannot be used as universal explanations of women's career trajectories, but must include examinations…

Perceptions of Women in Management: A Thematic Analysis of Razing the Glass Ceiling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baumgartner, Mindy S.; Schneider, David E.

2010-01-01

Despite advances that women have made in organizations over the past century, women continue to be underrepresented in upper management positions. Based on a review of literature, six issues that women face when encountering the glass ceiling were examined. The goal of the current study involved having women who have succeeded at breaking the…

Circumventing the Glass Ceiling: Women Executives in American State Governments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bullard, Angela M.; Wright, Deil S.

1993-01-01

Data from 1984 (n=489) and 1988 (n=658) surveys show that female executives in state government have progressed in top positions in certain types of agencies, but much progress has occurred by avoiding, not breaking, the glass ceiling. Most notable male-female differences are in party affiliation, age, interagency mobility, career progress, and…

The Time Bounded Glass Ceiling and Young Women Managers: Career Progress and Career Success--Evidence from the UK.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpson, Ruth; Altman, Yochanan

2000-01-01

A study of 130 male and 91 female managers found that more younger women than men were in senior roles. Younger women achieved seniority faster than women over 35. However, once younger women have broken the glass ceiling at lower levels, they encounter new barriers at higher levels. (SK)

The Glass Ceiling for Women in Legal Education: Contract Positions and the Death of Tenure.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Angel, Marina

2000-01-01

Discussion of the glass ceiling for women in legal education first examines categories of law school personnel, especially the fast-growing category of legal-writing teachers, and then considers trends in law school hiring. Concludes that law school trends mirror those in college and university hiring generally, suggesting the weakening and…

Making Sense of the Glass Ceiling in Schools: An Exploration of Women Teachers' Discourses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moreau, Marie-Pierre; Osgood, Jayne; Halsall, Anna

2007-01-01

There is extensive evidence of a "glass ceiling" for women across the labour market. Though schools have widely been described as "feminized" work environments, the under-representation of women at school management level is well established. Based on a study of women teachers' careers and promotion in the English school sector…

Shattering the Glass Ceiling: The Woman Manager.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davidson, Marilyn J.; Cooper, Cary L.

This book highlights the major problems and stressors of being a woman in business and management and outlines some strategies that women managers can use to eliminate barriers and break through the glass ceiling. Chapter 1 provides an overview of women in management and business in the 1990s. Chapter 2 explores the nature of stress, costs of…

Academe's Glass Ceiling: Societal, Professional-Organizational, and Institutional Barriers to the Career Advancement of Academic Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bain, Olga; Cummings, William

2000-01-01

A survey of 10 national systems of higher education found that less than 10 percent of professors were women, and the proportion of female professors was negatively related to institutional prestige. This academic "glass ceiling" was related to women's shorter careers, tenure issues during hard times, and women's lower level of academic…

Working beyond the Glass Ceiling: Women Managers in Initial Teacher Training in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Barbara

2007-01-01

Recently in England, women have been successful in obtaining managerial responsibilities in the field of teacher training. In this setting at least, it could be argued that the glass ceiling that has kept women in lower-paid and lower status posts has been shattered. In order to explore this proposition from the perspective of those who work as…

Career Development of Latinas in Mid-Level Community College Administration: A Phenomenological Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gonzalez-De Jesus, Naydeen Tyffane

2012-01-01

Glass ceilings have been identified by scholars throughout the past 20 years as barriers to the upward career mobility of women and of people of color. There is an indication that glass ceiling barriers exist in the higher education sector. Latinas, as a subgroup of women of color, occupy many of the mid-level administrative positions in community…

Female healthcare managers and the glass ceiling. The obstacles and opportunities for women in management.

PubMed

Wiggins, C

1991-01-01

Despite the large number of women in the healthcare field, healthcare management resembles other industries in its severe lack of women in upper-management positions and in the "glass ceiling" that contributes to this dearth. Although not enough has been specifically written on women healthcare managers, the author reviews what is available, along with some of the general management literature.

Shattering the Glass Ceiling. Issues and Solutions in Promoting the Advancement of Women and Minorities to Executive Management in Corporate America. White Paper 1966.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Microquest Corp., San Rafael, CA.

Despite their progress in the workplace in recent years, women and minorities still remain greatly underrepresented in executive roles in major U.S. companies. The barriers, attitudes, and practices that deter the advancement of women and minorities into executive ranks collectively result in the phenomenon known as the "Glass Ceiling."…

Comments by ABCT's first female president on overcoming the glass ceiling.

PubMed

Nelson-Gray, Rosemery O

2012-12-01

At the annual convention of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies in New York City in November 2009, a most interesting panel discussion occurred: Overcoming the Glass Ceiling: A Conversation With the Trailblazers. This article is a written version of my oral presentation at this panel discussion in my role as ABCT's first female president. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

10 CFR 431.306 - Energy conservation standards and their effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., ceiling, and door insulation of at least R-25 for coolers and R-32 for freezers, except that this... energy consumption; (4) Contain floor insulation of at least R-28 for freezers; (5) For evaporator fan... triple-pane glass with either heat-reflective treated glass or gas fill. (2) Transparent reach-in doors...

The effects of receiving room dimensions and absorption in the measurement of impact insulation class (IIC) rating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Rose Mary; Tocci, Gregory

2005-09-01

The measurement of the Impact Insulation Class (IIC) rating of any floor/ceiling construction requires the use of a certified laboratory space. In a recent investigation into the IIC rating of a new floor system, several tests were conducted in a certified laboratory. In many tests, the IIC rating was controlled by the 100-Hz 1/3-octave frequency band, despite changes in the floor/ceiling construction. The base floor/ceiling construction included a wood structural floor on open-web wood joists and a GWB ceiling below. This paper will investigate the possibility that room resonances influenced the IIC ratings of the several floor systems tested. These data will be compared with IIC data collected for the same floor construction with the GWB ceiling removed. The removal of the GWB ceiling increased the receiver room volume and exposed the glass fiber insulation to the receiver room, thus eliminating the control of the 100-Hz 1/3-octave band over the IIC rating.

CNO to CEO: Barbara A. Donaho and Irma E. Goertzen--they broke the glass ceiling. Interview by Barbara J Brown.

PubMed

Donaho, B A; Goertzen, I E

1995-01-01

Two nurse executives who broke the glass ceiling to become chief executives of health care systems are interviewed. Irma Goertzen and Barbara Donaho are asked key, candid questions comparing chief nurse officer (CNO) with chief executive officer (CEO); special skills needed; being a woman in a traditional man's role; and advice to colleagues for becoming a CEO.

Breaking through the glass ceiling: an industrial perspective.

PubMed

Harlander, S K

1996-11-01

Many companies have recognized that the workforce of the future will be significantly more diverse than in the past. A substantial number of these new employees will be women. Industry must create an environment that attracts the best, brightest, and most talented women and provide an environment that empowers them to reach their full potential. Barriers to advancement, such as the real or perceived "glass ceiling," inhibit the individual and ultimately negatively affect the company. Successful companies will recognize that gender diversity is a critical business strategy and implement aggressive programs to assist women in breaking through the glass ceiling. Gender diversity initiatives should include examination of quality of life issues, training and development, organizational policies and practices, and management accountability. Mentoring programs clearly play an important role in gender diversity programs. Personal mentoring experiences in academic and corporate environments, as well as a pilot mentoring program at Land O'Lakes, will be discussed.

Women and the Workplace: The Glass Ceiling. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Employment and Productivity of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session (October 23, 1991).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

These proceedings are from a hearing that addressed the so-called "glass ceiling"--the dearth of women in mid- and upper-management level positions in corporations and other organizations. Statements of the following persons are included: Senator Paul Simon; Elsie Vartanian, Director of the Women's Bureau; Senator Robert Dole; Lynn…

The King is Dead: Regaining the Throne -- The Current State of the Field Artillery, Core Competency Atrophy, and the Way Ahead

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-17

with a built -in glass ceiling is not likely to retain or attract the best and the brightest. If it hasn’t happened already, FA accessions will begin...officer. This would also facilitate removing the glass ceiling currently atop the field 19 artillery with only six tactical command opportunities. This...missions excluding conventional warfare strategic failure can result. 71 In summer 2006 in southern Lebanon , the Israeli army suffered a significant

E-2D Advanced Hawkeye Aircraft (E-2D AHE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

integrating a full glass cockpit and full Communication Navigation Surveillance/Air Traffic Management capability. The glass cockpit will also provide the...hours at a station distance of 200nm Flat Turn Service Ceiling =>25,000 feet above MSL at mission profile =>25,000 feet above MSL at...confidential- ity, non- repudiation, and issuance of an ATO by the DAA (5) Operationally effective information exchanges; and MC- performance and IA

Women's health and women's leadership in academic medicine: hitting the same glass ceiling?

PubMed

Carnes, Molly; Morrissey, Claudia; Geller, Stacie E

2008-11-01

The term "glass ceiling" refers to women's lack of advancement into leadership positions despite no visible barriers. The term has been applied to academic medicine for over a decade but has not previously been applied to the advancement of women's health. This paper discusses (1) the historical linking of the advances in women's health with women's leadership in academic medicine, (2) the slow progress of women into leadership in academic medicine, and (3) indicators that the advancement of women's health has stalled. We make the case that deeply embedded unconscious gender-based biases and assumptions underpin the stalled advancement of women on both fronts. We conclude with recommendations to promote progress beyond the apparent glass ceiling that is preventing further advancement of women's health and women leaders. We emphasize the need to move beyond "fixing the women" to a systemic, institutional approach that acknowledges and addresses the impact of unconscious, gender-linked biases that devalue and marginalize women and issues associated with women, such as their health.

Above the glass ceiling? A comparison of matched samples of female and male executives.

PubMed

Lyness, K S; Thompson, D E

1997-06-01

In this study the authors compare career and work experiences of executive women and men. Female (n = 51) and male (n = 56) financial services executives in comparable jobs were studied through archival information on organizational outcomes and career histories, and survey measures of work experiences. Similarities were found in several organizational outcomes, such as compensation, and many work attitudes. Important differences were found, however, with women having less authority, receiving fewer stock options, and having less international mobility than men. Women at the highest executive levels reported more obstacles than lower level women. The gender differences coupled with women's lower satisfaction with future career opportunities raise questions about whether women are truly above the glass ceiling or have come up against a 2nd, higher ceiling.

The Community College Presidency: An Asian Pacific American Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fujimoto, M. Jack

1996-01-01

Analyzes the status of Asian Pacific Americans (APAs) in higher education compared to their representation in chief executive positions, describing a glass ceiling effect and common stereotypes regarding APAs. Reviews characteristics of chief executive officers in California community colleges. Provides strategies for increasing APA representation…

Transition Communities and the Glass Ceiling of Environmental Sustainability Policies at Three Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pardellas Santiago, Miguel; Meira Cartea, Pablo; Iglesias da Cunha, Lucía

2017-01-01

Purpose: This paper deals with the experiences of three European universities that have implemented transition initiatives, using the Transition Network's methodology to promote their sustainability plans. The Transition Communities' model for change is presented from a socio-educational perspective as an effective methodology for encouraging…

Female Administrators: A Crack in the Glass Ceiling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reis, Susan Bon; Young, I. Phillip; Jury, James C.

1999-01-01

Studied the effects of evaluator gender, applicant gender, and gender of the reference source on the screening of applicants for assistant-principal positions. Responses of 150 high school principals suggest that hypothetical female candidates were evaluated more highly than male applicants and were more likely to be interviewed. (SLD)

MTR, TRA603. CONTROL ROOM DETAILS. ACOUSTIC PLASTER CEILING, USHAPED CONSOLE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

MTR, TRA-603. CONTROL ROOM DETAILS. ACOUSTIC PLASTER CEILING, U-SHAPED CONSOLE, INSTRUMENT PANELS, GLASS DOOR, ASPHALT TILE FLOOR AND COLORS. BLAW-KNOX 3150-803-11, 10/1950. INL INDEX NO. 531-0603-00-098-100570, REV. 3. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Underrepresentation of Females in the Superintendency in Minnesota

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyland, Catherine

2016-01-01

Public school district leadership is dominated by males while teaching is dominated by females (Blount, 1998; Glass, Björk, & Brunner, 2000; Grogan, 1996). Some may not recognize this as a problem while others might refer to this underrepresentation as a glass ceiling, a sticky floor, a concrete wall, or a glass cliff. In any case, the…

Some Take the Glass Escalator, Some Hit the Glass Ceiling? Career Consequences of Occupational Sex Segregation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hultin, Mia

2003-01-01

Analysis of Swedish longitudinal data (1,535 men, 1,584 women) showed that men in female-dominated occupations have substantially better internal promotion opportunities than equally qualified women. In male-dominated occupations, men and women have equal internal promotion chances. Results suggest a "glass escalator" advantage for men…

State Level Intelligence Doctrine: Bridging the Gap

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

intelligence operations that transcend the local/federal membrane and perceived glass ceilings . Currently, articles specifically give New York state police...oriented policing to most effectively conduct domestic intelligence operations. Currently, most state and local fusion centers operate as a...and effective as guidance and direction is clearly defined and prescribed. RESEARCH QUESTION How can state police agencies, in conjunction with DHS

"No Ceiling on Achievement": Breaking the Glass Ceiling or Hitting a Steel Plate in Urban Schools?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Firth, Ben; Melia, Victoria; Bergan, Dave; Whitby, Lisa

2014-01-01

This article, written by a team of research-active teachers who are also senior leaders in a large, urban, comprehensive high school in the North of England, reports on their joint teacher inquiry project. This work has school-wide significance, given recent history, progressing from being graded as a "failing" school by the Office for…

10 CFR 431.306 - Energy conservation standards and their effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., ceiling, and door insulation of at least R-25 for coolers and R-32 for freezers, except that this... insulation of at least R-28 for freezers; (5) For evaporator fan motors of under 1 horsepower and less than... freezers and windows in walk-in freezer doors shall be of triple-pane glass with either heat-reflective...

10 CFR 431.306 - Energy conservation standards and their effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., ceiling, and door insulation of at least R-25 for coolers and R-32 for freezers, except that this... insulation of at least R-28 for freezers; (5) For evaporator fan motors of under 1 horsepower and less than... freezers and windows in walk-in freezer doors shall be of triple-pane glass with either heat-reflective...

10 CFR 431.306 - Energy conservation standards and their effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., ceiling, and door insulation of at least R-25 for coolers and R-32 for freezers, except that this... insulation of at least R-28 for freezers; (5) For evaporator fan motors of under 1 horsepower and less than... freezers and windows in walk-in freezer doors shall be of triple-pane glass with either heat-reflective...

10 CFR 431.306 - Energy conservation standards and their effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., ceiling, and door insulation of at least R-25 for coolers and R-32 for freezers, except that this... insulation of at least R-28 for freezers; (5) For evaporator fan motors of under 1 horsepower and less than... freezers and windows in walk-in freezer doors shall be of triple-pane glass with either heat-reflective...

Analyzing the glass ceiling effect among radiologic technologists.

PubMed

Belinsky, Susan B; Blagg, James D

2011-01-01

The literature has suggested that advancement within politics, academia and the health professions is influenced by gender. Purpose The authors conducted a survey to determine whether advancement was equal by gender in the radiologic science disciplines of nuclear medicine technology, radiation therapy and radiography. The survey was mailed to 900 subjects, 300 from each discipline. The discipline groups were further stratified by initial year of American Registry of Radiologic Technology certification; the authors selected 100 subjects from each discipline who initially were certified in 1978, 100 in 1988 and 100 in 1998. Approximately 33% of those selected responded. The findings of the study provided no evidence that men are promoted differentially than women. Women perceived that men were paid more for the same work. It appears that gender bias is pervasive outside of promotion decisions and, indeed, that some illegal actions (eg, sexual harassment, inappropriate gender-related interview questions) take place in radiologic science clinical settings. It is hoped that this study will set a baseline for future research on whether there is a glass ceiling effect in radiologic clinical practice and stimulate discussion of the importance of equal opportunity regardless of gender.

Hierarchical rank and women's organizational mobility: glass ceilings in corporate law firms.

PubMed

Gorman, Elizabeth H; Kmec, Julie A

2009-03-01

This article revives the debate over whether women's upward mobility prospects decline as they climb organizational hierarchies. Although this proposition is a core element of the "glass ceiling" metaphor, it has failed to gain strong support in previous research. The article establishes a firm theoretical foundation for expecting an increasing female disadvantage, with an eye toward defining the scope conditions and extending the model to upper-level external hires. The approach is illustrated in an empirical setting that meets the proposed scope conditions: corporate law firms in the United States. Results confirm that in this setting, the female mobility disadvantage is greater at higher organizational levels in the case of internal promotions, but not in the case of external hires.

Efficacy of radiation safety glasses in interventional radiology.

PubMed

van Rooijen, Bart D; de Haan, Michiel W; Das, Marco; Arnoldussen, Carsten W K P; de Graaf, R; van Zwam, Wim H; Backes, Walter H; Jeukens, Cécile R L P N

2014-10-01

This study was designed to evaluate the reduction of the eye lens dose when wearing protective eyewear in interventional radiology and to identify conditions that optimize the efficacy of radiation safety glasses. The dose reduction provided by different models of radiation safety glasses was measured on an anthropomorphic phantom head. The influence of the orientation of the phantom head on the dose reduction was studied in detail. The dose reduction in interventional radiological practice was assessed by dose measurements on radiologists wearing either leaded or no glasses or using a ceiling suspended screen. The different models of radiation safety glasses provided a dose reduction in the range of a factor of 7.9-10.0 for frontal exposure of the phantom. The dose reduction was strongly reduced when the head is turned to the side relative to the irradiated volume. The eye closest to the tube was better protected due to side shielding and eyewear curvature. In clinical practice, the mean dose reduction was a factor of 2.1. Using a ceiling suspended lead glass shield resulted in a mean dose reduction of a factor of 5.7. The efficacy of radiation protection glasses depends on the orientation of the operator's head relative to the irradiated volume. Glasses can offer good protection to the eye under clinically relevant conditions. However, the performance in clinical practice in our study was lower than expected. This is likely related to nonoptimized room geometry and training of the staff as well as measurement methodology.

AICUZ Air Installation Compatible Use Zone Report for Mather Air Force Base, California.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

Insulation shall be glass fiber or mineral wool . 1-4 Windows a. Windows other than as described in this sectionshall have a laboratory sound transmission...above. Ceilings shall be substantially airtight, with a minimum number of penetrations. I b. Glass fiber or mineral wool insulation at least 2" thick...throughout the cavity space behind the exterior sheathing and between wall studs. Insulation shall be glass fiber or mineral wool . 2-4 Windows a

Adjustable lead glass shielding device for use with an over-the-table x-ray tube.

PubMed

Eubig, C; Groves, B M; Davey, G

1978-12-01

Sources of scattered radiation exposure to personnel from a ceiling-mounted x-ray tube were examined at the side of cardiac catheterization patients. A fully adjustable mounting for a lead glass shield was designed to afford maximum radiation protection to the attending physician's head and neck area, while minimizing interference with the procedure.

The Glass Ceiling: Potential Causes and Possible Solutions

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

to believe that racism and sexism are no longer a problem at the workplace. For example, in response to a question about whether women face unique...unrelated. The variables, findings, and theories treated in each of these sections interact repeatedly. Finally, Section V, "Conclusions and... theories exist as to the effects of working in jobs with power limitations. Structuralist theory states that the lack of information and support that

Leading Airmen: Taking Leadership Development Seriously

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

first emphasizes garnering experience for the operational career fields, while the second emphasizes breaking a glass ceiling . Leading people is an... developed properly, can be one of the most effective and least expensive tools available for any developmental program. This section will begin... organization to the next level is not prudent. The old adage that “hope is not a strategy” is as relevant to developing leaders as it is for preparing for

14 CFR 135.169 - Additional airworthiness requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... airplane type certificated after January 1, 1958, must have ceiling and sidewall panels which are constructed of: (i) Glass fiber reinforced resin; (ii) Materials which meet the test requirements of part 25...

Thresholds and Glass Ceilings: Career Pattern of Women Scientists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sonnert, Gerhard

2004-05-01

The Project Access study examined the careers of men and women who had received prestigious postdoctoral fellowships and thus were presumably of about equal promise at the start of their professional careers. Had the women scientists in this elite group overcome a threshold beyond which they proceeded on equal footing with their male counterparts; or did a glass ceiling impede their careers? We found gender differences in career outcomes in the group we studied (699 questionnaires, 200 interviews), but these differences varied considerably by scientific discipline. Moreover, the career disparities for women, as a group, appear now to result chiefly from a series of subtle but identifiable and sometimes counterintuitive impediments as well as from slight gender differences in socialization. Each disadvantage by itself may be small, but in their accumulation they significantly influence women's careers.

Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Recent Experimental Approaches to Probe the Properties of Supercooled Liquids near the Glass Transition.

PubMed

Smith, R Scott; Kay, Bruce D

2012-03-15

Experimental measurements of the properties of supercooled liquids at temperatures near their glass transition temperatures, Tg, are requisite for understanding the behavior of glasses and amorphous solids. Unfortunately, many supercooled molecular liquids rapidly crystallize at temperatures far above their Tg, making such measurements difficult to nearly impossible. In this Perspective, we discuss some recent alternative approaches to obtain experimental data in the temperature regime near Tg. These new approaches may yield the additional experimental data necessary to test current theoretical models of the dynamical slowdown that occurs in supercooled liquids approaching the glass transition.

Political skill: explaining the effects of nonnative accent on managerial hiring and entrepreneurial investment decisions.

PubMed

Huang, Laura; Frideger, Marcia; Pearce, Jone L

2013-11-01

We propose and test a new theory explaining glass-ceiling bias against nonnative speakers as driven by perceptions that nonnative speakers have weak political skill. Although nonnative accent is a complex signal, its effects on assessments of the speakers' political skill are something that speakers can actively mitigate; this makes it an important bias to understand. In Study 1, White and Asian nonnative speakers using the same scripted responses as native speakers were found to be significantly less likely to be recommended for a middle-management position, and this bias was fully mediated by assessments of their political skill. The alternative explanations of race, communication skill, and collaborative skill were nonsignificant. In Study 2, entrepreneurial start-up pitches from national high-technology, new-venture funding competitions were shown to experienced executive MBA students. Nonnative speakers were found to have a significantly lower likelihood of receiving new-venture funding, and this was fully mediated by the coders' assessments of their political skill. The entrepreneurs' race, communication skill, and collaborative skill had no effect. We discuss the value of empirically testing various posited reasons for glass-ceiling biases, how the importance and ambiguity of political skill for executive success serve as an ostensibly meritocratic cover for nonnative speaker bias, and other theoretical and practical implications of this work. (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.

Slow Physics: Recording the Ascent and Descent of a Water Column

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindén, Johan; Källman, Kjell-Mikael; Holm, Erik

2018-01-01

A glass filled with carbon dioxide gas upside down on a plate of water constitutes an excellent demonstration of the solubility of gases. If the water level on the plate is maintained the CO[subscript 2] will slowly dissolve and the column of water will rise inside the glass, without quite reaching the ceiling, before an opposite process sets in:…

Women's Health and Women's Leadership in Academic Medicine: Hitting the Same Glass Ceiling?

PubMed Central

Morrissey, Claudia; Geller, Stacie E.

2008-01-01

Abstract The term “glass ceiling” refers to women's lack of advancement into leadership positions despite no visible barriers. The term has been applied to academic medicine for over a decade but has not previously been applied to the advancement of women's health. This paper discusses (1) the historical linking of the advances in women's health with women's leadership in academic medicine, (2) the slow progress of women into leadership in academic medicine, and (3) indicators that the advancement of women's health has stalled. We make the case that deeply embedded unconscious gender-based biases and assumptions underpin the stalled advancement of women on both fronts. We conclude with recommendations to promote progress beyond the apparent glass ceiling that is preventing further advancement of women's health and women leaders. We emphasize the need to move beyond “fixing the women” to a systemic, institutional approach that acknowledges and addresses the impact of unconscious, gender-linked biases that devalue and marginalize women and issues associated with women, such as their health. PMID:18954235

Breaking through the glass ceiling: women in executive leadership positions--Part I.

PubMed

Parsons, Lynn C; Reiss, Patricia L

2004-01-01

Women have had their share of difficulties climbing the corporate ladder in their chosen professional roles. Excellent role models exist for nurses to look up to as role models for leadership and executive level positions. Nurses and women must strive to achieve their goals of attaining executive/management level positions in their respective organizations. The glass ceiling still exists; however, women are slowly eroding that glass barrier and reaching their professional goals. In reviewing the struggles that men in nursing have encountered in a predominantly female profession, one realizes that stereotypical attitudes do cross gender lines. The authors conclude that executive level positions need to be opened more to women, just as the nursing profession must be more welcoming to men. The profession of nursing will only become stronger with gender diversity. Women encounter barriers when aspiring to executive level positions. In the next issue of SCI Nursing, the authors will report on what the evidence says about women in leadership roles, and the challenges they have and will continue to face.

Women and work: a ten year retrospective.

PubMed

MacRae, Nancy

2005-01-01

A look back, after a decade, at the issues surrounding women and work. Work options, childcare and family concerns, the glass ceiling, sexual harassment, women entrepreneurs, race and poverty, unpaid work, and women with disabilities are discussed.

The Road Less Traveled: Exploring the Experiences and Successes of Women Leaders in Homeland Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

positions, and throughout state, local, tribal and private sector organizations .25 B. OBSTACLES FOR WOMEN TO ACHIEVE LEADERSHIP ROLES What are the...possible level of leadership in her organization . This subject feels that a glass ceiling still exists as it relates to women , especially in a public...vision, if they lead a healthy and effective organization , and how others perceive them. Of the 14 women interviewed, 13 felt that they considered

Ceiling culture of mature human adipocytes: use in studies of adipocyte functions.

PubMed

Zhang, H H; Kumar, S; Barnett, A H; Eggo, M C

2000-02-01

Adipocytes contain large lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. When cultured, they float on top of the medium, clump together, and do not gain equal and sufficient access to the medium. Morphological changes cannot be observed and the majority of adipocytes undergo cell lysis within 72 h of isolation. We have used a ceiling culture method for human mature adipocytes which uses their buoyant property to allow them to adhere to a floating glass surface, where they remain viable for several weeks. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy we showed the cellular expression and subcellular localization of leptin in ceiling-cultured adipocytes. The secretion of leptin was increased from ceiling cultures following tumour necrosis factor-alpha treatment. Proliferation of mature human adipocytes in serum-containing medium was demonstrated by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine, 2% of adipocytes showing positive incorporation after 4 h labelling. Proliferation was also evident from the budding of daughter cells. Apoptosis in the ceiling cultures was increased by 48 h serum deprivation (30-35 vs 10-15% in the control) and was assayed by propidium iodide staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick-end labelling. Lipolysis, analysed by liquid scintillation counting, was increased by forskolin (10 microM for 90 min) and lipogenesis, shown by autoradiography, was stimulated by insulin (10 and 100 nM for 4 h). These findings indicate that ceiling-cultured adipocytes maintain adipocyte-specific functions and that ceiling culture, which overcomes the shortcomings of adipocyte suspension culture, can be used to study adipocyte cell biology.

Women and Entrepreneurship. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerka, Sandra

The spectrum of women-owned businesses ranges from full corporations to microenterprises. Women business owners share many characteristics and motivations of business owners generally; other factors are dissatisfaction with "glass ceiling" limits, desire for job flexibility, and age discrimination. Women entrepreneurs often face barriers…

International Women's Leadership Conference Proceedings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Dental Education, 1999

1999-01-01

Presents proceedings of the American Association of Dental Schools' International Women's Leadership Conference. Addresses, panel presentations, and general-sessions topics included leadership training and promotion for women in dental education, women's health issues and research, the glass ceiling, infrastructures for research and training,…

4. VIEW LOOKING WEST FROM BASEMENT UNDER OPEN CONCOURSE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. VIEW LOOKING WEST FROM BASEMENT UNDER OPEN CONCOURSE - CEILING OF BRICK ARCHES; WOOD PANELS MARK LOCATION OF ORIGINAL GLASS PRISM SKYLIGHTS REPLACED WITH CONCRETE - Pennsylvania Railroad Station, Open Concourse & Concourse Roof Extension, 1101 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA

The Glass Ceiling Effect and Its Impact on Mid-Level Female Military Officer Career Progression in the United States Marine Corps and Air Force

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-01

to as “trailblazers” and “ pioneers ”. Their initial experience and handling of resistance and obstacles set the tone for those who follow in their...Academies or participate in ROTC commissioning programs display an advantage when it comes to promotion and longevity (Career Progression of...is increasing awareness concerning their longevity . Officer survival rates represent retention as accumulated years of service. Because it is an

Women in Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crampton, Suzanne M.; Mishra, Jitendra M.

1999-01-01

Major issues surrounding women in management include the glass ceiling and prevalence of myths and stereotypes. Organizational and individual responses to improve use of the diversity of their skills and talents include mentors, sponsors, role models, networks, alternative schedules, family leave, employee assistance, and child care. (JOW)

The impact of various protective tools on the dose reduction in the eye lens in an interventional cardiology-clinical study.

PubMed

Domienik, J; Bissinger, A; Grabowicz, W; Jankowski, Ł; Kręcki, R; Makowski, M; Masiarek, K; Plewka, M; Lubiński, A; Peruga, J Z

2016-06-01

The aim of the study was to check, in clinical practice, the potential for the dose reduction of lead eyewear and a ceiling-suspended shield used to protect the eye lens of physicians working in interventional cardiology. To this end, for the lead eyewear, the dose reduction factors were derived to correct the readings from a dosimeter used routinely outside the glasses. Four types of lead eyewear with attached loose thermoluminescent dosimeters and EYE-D dosimeters were worn by physicians in two clinical centres, for two-month periods, during coronary angiography (CA), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and pacemaker procedures. In order to analyse, separately, how a ceiling-suspended lead screen absorbs the scattered radiation, a series of measurements was carried out during single CA/PCI procedures performed with and without the protection. The lead eyewear may reduce the doses to the eye closest to the x-ray tube by a factor between 1.1 and 3.4, depending on its model and the physician's position. The effectiveness of the eyewear may, however, vary-even for the same model and physician-almost twofold between different working periods. The ceiling-suspended shield decreases the doses in clinical practice by a factor of 2.3. The annual eye lens doses without the eyewear estimated from routine measurements are high-above or close to the new eye lens dose limit established by the recent EU Basic Safety Standards, even though the ceiling-suspended shield was used. Therefore, to comply with the new dose limit that is set in the Directive, protection of the eyes of physicians with high workloads might require the use of both the eyewear and the ceiling-suspended shield.

E-2D Advanced Hawkeye Aircraft (E-2D AHE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

and Homeland Defense. As a part of the E-2D AHE radar modernization effort, the Navy also invested in integrating a full glass cockpit and full...Communication Navigation Surveillance/Air Traffic Management capability. The glass cockpit will also provide the capability for the pilot or co-pilot to...hours at a station distance of 200nm Flat Turn Service Ceiling =>25,000 feet above MSL at mission profile =>25,000 feet above MSL at mission

Women in Leadership: Why So Few and What to Do About It.

PubMed

Surawicz, Christina M

2016-12-01

The numbers of women in medical school and in medical training have increased dramatically and are near 50% overall, but the number of women who advance to senior and leadership positions is not nearly this high. There are many reasons why the number of women in leadership roles in academic medicine has not kept pace with the number of women entering the field of medicine. Two popular themes are the glass ceiling (referring to an invisible barrier to advancement) and the leaky pipeline (the loss of women faculty along the path, or pipeline, to advancement). I believe that both come into play. Glass ceiling issues tend to be of two types: those related to the institutional culture and those related to problems of bias, especially unconscious bias. Leaky pipeline issues include the challenges of work-life integration and the need for leadership development for women. There are solutions to all of these challenges. These include improving institutional culture; making sure women advance as quickly as men and are paid equitably; ensuring that there are resources to help with work-life balance, related not only to family but to all aspects of life; and providing adequate mentoring and leadership training. These measures will help all faculty, as factors that hamper women's advancement may hamper men as well. Although these themes are broadly applicable, there are strategies that can address them all. We just need to be aware, and be proactive, and we will succeed in breaking the glass ceiling and patching the leaky pipeline. Copyright © 2016 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Leadership at the Glass Ceiling: Women's Experience of Mid-Management Roles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, M. Carolyn; Carafella, Rosemary S.; Ingram, Peggy B.

1998-01-01

Examines how women in mid-level leadership positions understand themselves as leaders. Explores the women's perceptions of how they function as leaders, and compares them to the generic notions of leadership, shaped by male experience, found in the current literature. (MKA)

Cortex shatters the glass ceiling.

PubMed

Au, Edmund; Fishell, Gord

2008-11-06

Recreating developmental structures in vitro has been a primary challenge for stem cell biologists. Recent studies in Cell Stem Cell (Eiraku et al., 2008) and Nature (Gaspard et al., 2008) demonstrate that embryonic stem cells can recapitulate early cortical development, enabling them to generate specific cortical subtypes.

Breaking the glass ceiling: an interview with Dr. Shirley Graves, a pioneering woman in medicine.

PubMed

Ahmed, Zulfiqar; Mai, Christine L; Elder, Badrea; Rodriguez, Samuel; Yaster, Myron

2014-04-01

Shirley Graves M.D., D.Sc. (honorary) (1936), Professor Emeritus of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics at the University of Florida, was one of the most influential women in medicine in the 1960 and 1970s, a time when the medical profession was overwhelmingly male-dominated. In today's society, it is hard to believe that only 50 years ago, women were scarce in the field of medicine. Yet Dr. Graves was a pioneer in the fields of pediatric anesthesia and pediatric critical care medicine. She identifies her development of the pediatric intensive care unit and her leadership in the Division of Pediatric Anesthesia at the University of Florida as her defining contributions. Through her journal articles, book chapters, national and international lectures, and leadership in the American Society of Anesthesiology and the Florida Society of Anesthesiology, she inspired a generation of men and women physicians to conquer the unthinkable and break through the glass ceiling. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

41 CFR 60-2.30 - Corporate management compliance evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., i.e., glass ceiling. During Corporate Management Compliance Evaluations, special attention is given... attention of OFCCP that problems exist at establishments outside the corporate headquarters, OFCCP may... direct its attention to and request relevant data for any and all areas within the corporation to ensure...

Globalization and Women in Southeast Asian Higher Education Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luke, Carmen

2002-01-01

This case study of Southeast Asian women in higher education management investigates culture-specific dimensions of "glass ceiling" impediments to career advancement in higher education. Respondents note that despite considerable training and expertise, Asian values and ideologies demand enactment of a construct of Asian femininity that…

Shattering the Glass Ceiling: Women in School Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patterson, Jean A.

Consistent with national trends, white males hold the majority of public school administrator positions in North Carolina. This paper examines the barriers and underlying assumptions that have prevented women and minorities from gaining access to high-level positions in educational administration. These include: (1) the assumption that leadership…

Up Against the Glass Ceiling: Culture and Gender in the Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cordeiro, Paula A.

1997-01-01

Uses a cultural map exercise to show how culture affects educators' perspectives of gender issues in school administration. Discusses individual cultural identity and the influences of educators' societal/national, regional/linguistic or racial/ethnic, and individual belief cultures. Feminist theory and its premises can help everyone understand…

12 CFR 250.221 - Issuance and sale of short-term debt obligations by bank holding companies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ceilings. There would be no guarantee or indemnity of the notes by any of the banks in the holding company... the passage of the Banking Act of 1933 (“the Glass-Steagall Act”), have led the Board to conclude that...

French Women in Physics: Status and Actions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thibault, C.; Pépin, A.; Ducloy, M.; Giacobino, E.; Leduc, M.

2009-04-01

We present statistics on the underrepresentation of females entering scientific studies and on the persistence of a glass ceiling for women physicists—and female scientists in general—in France. We also examine actions taken by French research institutions, associations, companies, and professional societies since 2005 to improve these situations.

The Glass Ceiling for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

who by valorous ways become princes , like these men, acquire a prin- cipality with difficulty, but they keep it with ease. —Niccolò Machiavelli , 1513...Though written 500 years ago, Machiavelli’s The Prince remains a seminal treatise on the art of acquiring and maintaining politi-cal power. The book

Women in Leadership: Living with the Constraints of the Glass Ceiling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, M. Carolyn; Caffarella, Rosemary S.; Ingram, Peggy B.

1999-01-01

Explores how women managers construct their career paths, how they negotiate the demands of their professional and personal lives, and how being a woman impacts career development. Results indicate very little gender awareness among the women interviewed despite the experiences of gender discrimination experienced in their careers. (GCP)

European Female Expatriate Careers: Critical Success Factors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linehan, Margaret; Scullion, Hugh

2001-01-01

Interviews with 50 female expatriate managers revealed that many were disadvantaged in their careers by lack of access to organizational supports such as mentors, interpersonal networks, assistance for spouses' careers, the glass ceiling, and other barriers. Women will remain a minority in management until organizations address these barriers in…

Women Dentists at Work: Views from the Glass Ceiling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tillman, Randi S.

1992-01-01

A workshop on female dentists in management is summarized. Topics included female dentists' experience in a predominantly male profession, rejection of feminism as a political movement, need to improve female dentists' opportunities, and gender differences in management style. An evolution in women's issues since the 1960s is seen. (MSE)

[Exposition of the operator's eye lens and efficacy of radiation shielding in fluoroscopically guided interventions].

PubMed

Galster, M; Guhl, C; Uder, M; Adamus, R

2013-05-01

Efficacy of radiation protection tools for the eye lens dose of the radiologist in fluoroscopic interventions. A patient phantom was exposed using a fluoroscopic system. Dose measurements were made at the eye location of the radiologist using an ionization chamber. The setting followed typical fluoroscopic interventions. The reduction of scattered radiation by the equipment-mounted shielding (undercouch drapes and overcouch top) was evaluated. The ceiling-suspended lead acrylic glass screen was tested in scattered radiation generated by a slab phantom. The protective properties of different lead glass goggles and lead acrylic visors were evaluated by thermoluminescence measurements on a head phantom in the primary beam. The exposition of the lens of about 110 to 550 μSv during radiologic interventions is only slightly reduced by the undercouch drapes. Applying the top in addition to the drapes reduces the lens dose by a factor of 2 for PA projections. In 25°LAO the dose is reduced by a factor between 1.2 and 5. The highest doses were measured for AP angulations furthermore the efficacy of the equipment-mounted shielding is minimal. The ceiling-suspended lead screen reduced scatter by a factor of about 30. The lead glass goggles and visors reduced the lens dose up to a factor of 8 to 10. Depending on the specific design, the tested models are less effective especially for radiation from lateral with cranial angulation of the beam. Occasionally the visors even caused an increase of dose. The exposition of the eye lens can be kept below the new occupational limit recommended by the ICRP if the radiation shielding equipment is used consistently. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

The Load-Bearing Capacity of Timber-Glass Composite I-Beams Made with Polyurethane Adhesives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodacki, Konrad

2017-12-01

This article discusses the issue of composite timber-glass I-beams, which are an interesting alternative for load-bearing beams of ceilings and roofs. The reasoning behind the use of timber-glass I-beams is the combination of the best features of both materials - this enables the creation of particularly safe beams with regard to structural stability and post-breakage load capacity. Due to the significant differences between the bonding surfaces of timber and glass, a study on the adhesion of various adhesives to both surfaces is presented at the beginning of the paper. After examination, two adhesives were selected for offering the best performance when used with composite beams. The beams were investigated using a four-point bending test under quasi-static loading.

The Cracked Glass Ceiling: Equal Work but Unequal Status

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dobele, Angela R.; Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn; Kopanidis, Foula

2014-01-01

The achievement of gender equity in universities continues to warrant attention. Globally, universities have much work ahead of them if they are to redress the gender imbalance in senior positions and remuneration rates. To examine this issue, multiple sources of evidence were used to observe teaching and research workload of academic staff…

Women in Leadership in Higher Education: Leadership Styles and the "Glass Ceiling"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michael, Rebecka

2013-01-01

Women in upper-level leadership positions in higher education are underrepresented. This study examined the predominant leadership styles of women who have achieved upper-level leadership positions in higher education explored intentional changes in their leadership styles. Primarily, the study sought to determine if these leaders had similar…

Shattering the Glass Ceiling: Blacks in Coaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Fitzgerald

2004-01-01

During the 2003 football season, African Americans were employed as head coaches at five of the 117 NCAA Division I-A colleges and universities. At the conclusion of the 2003 season, there were 13 head coaching vacancies at Division I-A football programs; one African American was hired. Today, five African Americans have the responsibility of…

A Glass Ceiling Survey: Benchmarking Barriers and Practices.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Ann M.; And Others

This handbook presents findings of a survey that asked human-resources managers to identify current barriers preventing women and people of color from reaching senior management. The survey was sent to 902 human-resources managers at various organizations. A total of 304 surveys were returned, a 34 percent response rate. The managers gave support…

Is the "glass ceiling" a real problem for women physicists in Argentina?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frechero, Marisa A.; Amador, Ana; Pastor, Antonio J. Ramirez; Tamarit, Francisco

2015-12-01

We evaluate the distribution of female physicists in the Argentinean workforce, analyzing the distribution of women at different levels of education and research using several indicators. Although important imbalances still occur, our findings are encouraging and the distribution of female physicists seems to be changing for the better.

Exploring the Climate for Women as Community College Faculty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hagedorn, Linda Serra; Laden, Berta Vigil

2002-01-01

Provides a literature review and national dataset analyses regarding the perceived conditions of women community college faculty members. Reports that the climate at the average community college may be friendlier than at four-year institutions; however, women faculty at community colleges are not free from the confines of glass ceilings, academic…

Overcoming the glass ceiling: views from the cellar and the roof.

PubMed

McCrady, Barbara S

2012-12-01

Women's experiences as professionals and behavior therapists have changed considerably in the past 40 years. The author describes early challenges and experiences of discrimination as a young female professional. Although women's opportunities have improved considerably, women still experience unique career challenges and choices. The author provides some suggestions for women's career development.

A Woman with a Plan: Recognizing Competencies for Ascent to Administration in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Paaige K.; Norwood, Kristen; Noe, Charlotte

2013-01-01

Despite progress, women are still disproportionally underrepresented in leadership positions in higher education. Women must contend with a glass ceiling, which we argue is constituted by discourses of impossibility and femininity. These discourses discourage women from recognizing their qualifications, continuing to develop skills, and making a…

User Experience on Display

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Aaron

2010-01-01

What do a pink door, reading glasses, a website, and a Beetle Kill Pine ceiling have in common? Yes, readers will find them all in this collection of great design in libraries. But the reason they're featured is their important commonality: they were intentionally and thoughtfully placed in a library to meet people's needs or otherwise engage…

Women in the Superintendency: Discarded Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dana, Joyce A.; Bourisaw, Diana M.

2006-01-01

The percentage of women in the superintendency remained stagnant over 80 years of the last century and has only increased slightly, to just fewer than 14% of the public school superintendents in the U.S. today. In other words, the glass ceiling still exists. The persistent reasons for lack of change are gender prejudice and gender…

A REVIEW OF STUDIES OF ECONOMIES IN SCHOOLHOUSE CONSTRUCTION.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DOHERTY, LEO D.; WHEATLEY, ARTRELLE

ECONOMIES IN PLANNING AND DESIGNING BEGIN WITH THE WISE CHOICE OF AN ARCHITECT. COMPLETE INFORMATION ON BUILDING NEEDS, ENROLLMENT PROJECTIONS, AND PROGRAM MUST BE AVAILABLE. INCLUSION OF MULTIPLE-USE ROOMS, MINIMAL PERIMETER WALLS, LOWERED CEILINGS, MINIMAL WASTE SPACE, MINIMAL USE OF GLASS, AND USE OF STOCK PLANS ARE CONCEPTS WHICH CAN EFFECT…

Niha'alchini Dayistl'o Nahalin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parsons-Yazzie, Evangeline

1997-01-01

In 10 families in which parents spoke Navajo and children did not, factors that inhibited the transmittal of Navajo to children were the use of English at home, shame toward the Navajo language and culture, the perception that a "glass ceiling" hindered the job advancement of Navajo speakers, and influence of the media. Suggests ways to…

Score distribution of the scoliosis research society-22 questionnaire in subgroups of patients of all ages with idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Parent, Eric C; Dang, Rohan; Hill, Doug; Mahood, Jim; Moreau, Marc; Raso, Jim; Lou, Edmond

2010-03-01

Cross-sectional measurement study. To analyze the score distribution of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaire domains and items for patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) of all ages. Scoliosis-related quality-of-life questionnaires have demonstrated high ceiling effects in younger patients. However, the score distribution has not been examined thoroughly in other clinically relevant IS subgroups. The SRS-22 was completed by 173 females with IS. The proportions of ceiling effects, floor effects, of patients scoring greater than or equal to 4 out of 5 and the box plots of the score distribution for each domain and item were compared between subgroups. Subgroups were formed based on age (k = 4), management (k = 6), curve severity (k = 3), and curve type (k = 4). Domain ceiling effects varied between 0% and 23.1%. Domain floor effects were observed only for Self-image (<7%) and Satisfaction (<12%). Only Pain and Satisfaction showed moderate (>20%) ceiling effects. Ceiling effects for Pain and Mental Health decreased with increasing age (P < 0.05). Pain ceiling effects decreased and Satisfaction ceiling effects increased from least to most invasive management (P < 0.05), but no differences were found among Cobb severity or curve types subgroups. Of the 22 items, 9 had major (>or=50%) ceiling effects and 11 had moderate ceiling effects. Most subgroups (14/16) had 4 to 6 items with major ceiling effects. The following items had major ceiling effects in the majority of subgroups: Function, 9 and 15; Pain, 11 and 17; and Self-image, 14. Most SRS-22 domains had acceptable levels of ceiling effects (<20%) in the majority of the subgroups examined. However, more sensitive measurements may be needed to supplement the SRS-22 in assessing Pain in patients below 18 years or Satisfaction after surgery.

Women in hospital medicine in the United Kingdom: glass ceiling, preference, prejudice or cohort effect?

PubMed

McManus, I C; Sproston, K A

2000-01-01

To assess from official statistics whether there is evidence that the careers of women doctors in hospitals do not progress in the same way as those of men. The proportions of female hospital doctors overall (1963-96), and in the specialties of medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, pathology, radiology/radiotherapy, anaesthetics and psychiatry (1974-1996) were examined. Additionally data were examined on career preferences and intentions from pre-registration house officers, final year medical students, and medical school applicants (1966-1991). Data were analysed according to cohort of entry to medical school to assess the extent of disproportionate promotion. The proportion of women in hospital career posts was largely explained by the rapidly increasing proportion of women entering medical school during the past three decades. In general there was little evidence for disproportionate promotion of women in hospital careers, although in surgery, hospital medicine and obstetrics and gynaecology, fewer women seemed to progress beyond the SHO grade, and in anaesthetics there were deficits of women at each career stage. Analyses of career preferences and intentions suggest that disproportionate promotion cannot readily be explained as differential choice by women. Although there is no evidence as such of a "glass ceiling" for women doctors in hospital careers, and the current paucity of women consultants primarily reflects historical trends in the numbers of women entering medical school, there is evidence in some cases of disproportionate promotion that is best interpreted as direct or indirect discrimination.

Against the Tide: Career Paths of Women Leaders in American and British Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walton, Karen Doyle, Ed.

Women describe their personal journeys to top positions of leadership in higher education in the 20 essays collected in this book. Ten American and 10 British college and university heads tell their unique stories about passing through the "glass ceiling" that limits the career leadership opportunities for women in academe. Essays…

Harvard and the Academic Glass Ceiling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drago, Robert

2007-01-01

Drew Gilpin Faust was recently appointed president of Harvard University, and is the first female to hold the position. Women now lead half of the eight institutions that make up the Ivy League. But focusing on highly accomplished women such as Faust misses a larger point. Women may be taking faculty positions in record numbers, but most of those…

Taking Stock: Perspectives on Women and Leadership in Higher Education in the UK and the U.S.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glazer-Raymo, Judith

1999-01-01

Describes presentations and discussions from the seminar "Women and Leadership in Higher Education in the UK and US," jointly sponsored by the Society for Research into Higher Education, the Commission on University Career Opportunity, and Through the Glass Ceiling. Participants agreed that the time has come to replace individual,…

Cracked but Not Broken: The Continued Gender Gap in Senior Administrative Positions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gander, Michelle

2010-01-01

Much has been written about the glass ceiling and pay differentials in higher and further education (HE, FE) for women academics (McTavish and Miller 2009, Rees 2007) but very little about discrepancies for women "professional managers" within UK higher education. Professional managers as a term needs to be defined as universities call…

Power Factors that Define Gender Inequity within the Missouri Public School Superintendency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alexander, Kristina; Grispino, Frank D.; Messner, Phillip E.

2004-01-01

Although women have access to the superintendency power position, evidence has shown that women have not been able to consistently break the glass ceiling. A review of related literature failed to identify specific and practical employment factors that must be resolved or overcome if women are to reach power parity in Missouri. This study was…

Gender Representations in U.S. Ed.D. Dissertations: A Feminist Content Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelli, Debora Kay

2014-01-01

Educational access, achievement and opportunity for students and educators in U.S. educational institutions is influenced and often limited by gender. Although the U.S. Glass Ceiling Commission reports that the gender equity values, beliefs and commitments of institutional leaders are a key factor in reducing institutional gender inequities (U.S.…

Deal-Making and Rule-Breaking: Behind the Facade of Equity in Academia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kjeldal, Sue-Ellen; Rindfleish, Jennifer; Sheridan, Alison

2005-01-01

A glass ceiling for women still exists in academia after two decades of equal employment opportunity (EEO) legislation in Australia. There are complex factors that when combined make gender inequity in the higher education sector highly resistant to change. Using personal histories as a reflexive device, the paper makes explicit the embedded male…

Breaking the Glass Ceiling of Achievement for Low-Income Students and Students of Color. Shattering Expectations Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bromberg, Marni; Theokas, Christina

2013-01-01

Typically, achievement gaps between groups of students are measured as either differences in average scores or differences in proficiency rates. But, practitioners, policymakers, and researchers have long recognized that these approaches don't tell the whole story. Average scores, for example, are good at summarizing trends but can mask real…

The Promotion Record of the United States Army: Glass Ceilings in the Officer Corps.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baldwin, J. Norman

1996-01-01

Analysis of data from more than 123,000 army candidates for promotion found the following: women and minorities were underrepresented in middle officer ranks; females were promoted at lower rates than males; minorities were promoted at lower rates than whites; and the promotion rate differences did not increase consistently with rank. (SK)

Blank Canvas and Glass Ceiling: Using Visual Metaphors and Narratives to Examine Preservice Teacher Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gosselin, Colette; Meixner, Emily

2015-01-01

When preparing college-age teacher candidates to teach in diverse contexts, knowing how they reconcile knowledge, self-author, and negotiate social relationships can enhance pedagogy and inform program design. In this article, the authors use a developmental framework they created to examine how teacher candidates' visual metaphors about White…

Teacher Diversity in Canada: Leaky Pipelines, Bottlenecks, and Glass Ceilings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, James; Pollock, Katina; Antonelli, Fab

2009-01-01

This article examines the racial diversity of the teacher population in Canada. In particular, we compare the number of teachers of colour in Canadian elementary and secondary schools from the 2001 and 2006 Census data with the diversity of the student and general populations. We also explore ways to understand the gap between the proportion of…

Leading the Way: 25 Women Making a Difference

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, 2012

2012-01-01

When it comes to leadership, women are now taking on long overdue roles. This article presents 25 dynamic women in the world of higher education and beyond. They lead some of the most demanding and consequential organizations and programs on the planet. No longer sitting on the decision-making sidelines, they have shattered the glass ceiling and,…

10. INTERIOR OF LIVING ROOM SHOWING FRONT DOOR FLANKED BY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. INTERIOR OF LIVING ROOM SHOWING FRONT DOOR FLANKED BY SLIDING GLASS WINDOWS AND ELECTRICAL WALL HEATER. ORIGINAL 1-LIGHT OVER 1-LIGHT, DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW AT PHOTO RIGHT. CEILING VENT TO CHIMNEY AT RIGHT UPPER PHOTO CENTER. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST. - Bishop Creek Hydroelectric System, Plant 4, Worker Cottage, Bishop Creek, Bishop, Inyo County, CA

Breaking the Stained Glass Ceiling: Women's Collaborative Leadership Style as a Model for Theological Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowe, Mary E.

2011-01-01

One of the prevailing notions within American culture is the idea that women are prevalent in leadership positions. The reality, however, is that while women are slightly more than 50% of the population, they are underrepresented in leadership. Fewer than 10% of chief executive officers in theological education are women. Traditional roles in…

Do Workers Who Experience Conflict between the Work and Family Domains Hit a "Glass Ceiling?": A Meta-Analytic Examination

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoobler, Jenny M.; Hu, Jia; Wilson, Morgan

2010-01-01

Based in Conservation of Resources (COR; Hobfoll, 1989) and self-verification (Swann, 1987) theories, we argue that when workers experience conflict between the work and family domains, this should have implications for evaluations of their work performance and ultimately affect more "objective" career outcomes such as salary and hierarchical…

Beyond the Traditional Linear View of International Managerial Careers: A New Model of the Senior Female Career in an International Context.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linehan, Margaret; Walsh, James S.

2000-01-01

A study of 50 female senior managers who made international career moves found that senior experience before international assignments was more necessary for female than male managers. The glass ceiling in the home country resulted in fewer women in international management, and those with international assignments faced many gender-related…

Commandant’s International Technical Series. Volume 8. Fire Aboard the M.S. SCANDINAVIAN SEA on March 9, 1984. Technical Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

Bulkheads - 5/8" asbestos cement panels Ceilings - 3/8" asbestos cement panels Structural insulation - mineral wool Ducting and Hull Insulation-fibrous...glass/ mineral wool D6ryks - steel Linings - 3/4" and 5/8" asbestos cement panels Interior finish - melamine plastic laminate Furnishings - wood and

Community College Students with Criminal Justice Histories and Human Services Education: Glass Ceiling, Brick Wall, or a Pathway to Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, Lisa Hale

2015-01-01

In spite of open access to community college education, specifically human service associate degree programs, students with criminal justice histories do not necessarily have an unobstructed pathway to obtaining the degree and admission to the baccalaureate programs in human services and social work that are almost always selective. The first…

Beyond the Fourth Grade Glass Ceiling: Understanding Reading Comprehension among Bilingual/Bimodal Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Jessica Armytage

2015-01-01

Research has found that, on average, deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students graduate from high school reading at the fourth grade level (Allen, 1986). Additionally, DHH children of deaf parents (Charrow & Fletcher, 1974) and those with strong American Sign Language (ASL) proficiency (Strong & Prinz, 1997) tend to outperform DHH students…

Spiraling through the Glass Ceiling: Seven Critical Lessons for Negotiating a Leadership Position in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crutcher, Ronald A.

2006-01-01

In this article, the author discusses seven critical lessons for navigating a leadership position in higher education. The author focuses on developing a personal means of remaining centered regardless of circumstances or situations as well as building an ethical foundation for one's work. He uses spiraling as a metaphor to describe his own…

My Sister, Myself: The Identification of Sociocultural Factors That Affect the Advancement of African-American Women into Senior-Level Administrative Positions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Candia-Bailey, Antoinette Bonnie

2016-01-01

Since the 1800s African-American women have been involved in educational processes in meaningful ways despite challenges to their efforts and advancements. African-American women have made significant strides in breaking the glass ceiling within higher education. This qualitative research study explores and compares the perceptions of challenges…

The Glass Ceiling for Women: Things That Don't Cause It and Things That Won't Break It.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snyder, Robert A.

1993-01-01

Three misconceptions about working women are (1) they have lower self-confidence and organizational commitment; (2) they choose family over career; and (3) they do not have the same leadership skills as men. Changes that will not work to alter sex segregation are affirmative action, gender training, and seeding. (SK)

"The Glass Ceiling Is Kind of a Bummer": Women's Reflections on a Gender Development Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharp, Elizabeth A.; SoRelle-Miner, Danielle; Bermudez, Judith M.; Walker, Maria

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to explore women students' experiences and reactions to a core Human Development and Family Studies (HDFS) class cross-listed with Women's Studies (WS). Using 6 focus groups with 22 women, we found that the course increased "awareness of gender" (Theme A) but was limited partially because of patriarchical beliefs,…

Configurational entropy measurements in extremely supercooled liquids that break the glass ceiling.

PubMed

Berthier, Ludovic; Charbonneau, Patrick; Coslovich, Daniele; Ninarello, Andrea; Ozawa, Misaki; Yaida, Sho

2017-10-24

Liquids relax extremely slowly on approaching the glass state. One explanation is that an entropy crisis, because of the rarefaction of available states, makes it increasingly arduous to reach equilibrium in that regime. Validating this scenario is challenging, because experiments offer limited resolution, while numerical studies lag more than eight orders of magnitude behind experimentally relevant timescales. In this work, we not only close the colossal gap between experiments and simulations but manage to create in silico configurations that have no experimental analog yet. Deploying a range of computational tools, we obtain four estimates of their configurational entropy. These measurements consistently confirm that the steep entropy decrease observed in experiments is also found in simulations, even beyond the experimental glass transition. Our numerical results thus extend the observational window into the physics of glasses and reinforce the relevance of an entropy crisis for understanding their formation. Published under the PNAS license.

Breaking the glass ceiling: Configurational entropy measurements in extremely supercooled liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berthier, Ludovic

Liquids relax extremely slowly on approaching the glass state. One explanation is that an entropy crisis, due to the rarefaction of available states, makes it increasingly arduous to reach equilibrium in that regime. Validating this scenario is challenging, because experiments offer limited resolution, while numerical studies lag more than eight orders of magnitude behind experimentally-relevant timescales. In this work we not only close the colossal gap between experiments and simulations but manage to create in-silico configurations that have no experimental analog yet. Deploying a range of computational tools, we obtain four independent estimates of their configurational entropy. These measurements consistently indicate that the steep entropy decrease observed in experiments is found in simulations even beyond the experimental glass transition. Our numerical results thus open a new observational window into the physics of glasses and reinforce the relevance of an entropy crisis for understanding their formation.

Configurational entropy measurements in extremely supercooled liquids that break the glass ceiling

PubMed Central

Berthier, Ludovic; Charbonneau, Patrick; Coslovich, Daniele; Ninarello, Andrea; Ozawa, Misaki

2017-01-01

Liquids relax extremely slowly on approaching the glass state. One explanation is that an entropy crisis, because of the rarefaction of available states, makes it increasingly arduous to reach equilibrium in that regime. Validating this scenario is challenging, because experiments offer limited resolution, while numerical studies lag more than eight orders of magnitude behind experimentally relevant timescales. In this work, we not only close the colossal gap between experiments and simulations but manage to create in silico configurations that have no experimental analog yet. Deploying a range of computational tools, we obtain four estimates of their configurational entropy. These measurements consistently confirm that the steep entropy decrease observed in experiments is also found in simulations, even beyond the experimental glass transition. Our numerical results thus extend the observational window into the physics of glasses and reinforce the relevance of an entropy crisis for understanding their formation. PMID:29073056

Configurational entropy measurements in extremely supercooled liquids that break the glass ceiling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berthier, Ludovic; Charbonneau, Patrick; Coslovich, Daniele; Ninarello, Andrea; Ozawa, Misaki; Yaida, Sho

2017-10-01

Liquids relax extremely slowly on approaching the glass state. One explanation is that an entropy crisis, because of the rarefaction of available states, makes it increasingly arduous to reach equilibrium in that regime. Validating this scenario is challenging, because experiments offer limited resolution, while numerical studies lag more than eight orders of magnitude behind experimentally relevant timescales. In this work, we not only close the colossal gap between experiments and simulations but manage to create in silico configurations that have no experimental analog yet. Deploying a range of computational tools, we obtain four estimates of their configurational entropy. These measurements consistently confirm that the steep entropy decrease observed in experiments is also found in simulations, even beyond the experimental glass transition. Our numerical results thus extend the observational window into the physics of glasses and reinforce the relevance of an entropy crisis for understanding their formation.

Measuring perceived ceiling height in a visual comparison task.

PubMed

von Castell, Christoph; Hecht, Heiko; Oberfeld, Daniel

2017-03-01

When judging interior space, a dark ceiling is judged to be lower than a light ceiling. The method of metric judgments (e.g., on a centimetre scale) that has typically been used in such tasks may reflect a genuine perceptual effect or it may reflect a cognitively mediated impression. We employed a height-matching method in which perceived ceiling height had to be matched with an adjustable pillar, thus obtaining psychometric functions that allowed for an estimation of the point of subjective equality (PSE) and the difference limen (DL). The height-matching method developed in this paper allows for a direct visual match and does not require metric judgment. It has the added advantage of providing superior precision. Experiment 1 used ceiling heights between 2.90 m and 3.00 m. The PSE proved sensitive to slight changes in perceived ceiling height. The DL was about 3% of the physical ceiling height. Experiment 2 found similar results for lower (2.30 m to 2.50 m) and higher (3.30 m to 3.50 m) ceilings. In Experiment 3, we additionally varied ceiling lightness (light grey vs. dark grey). The height matches showed that the light ceiling appeared significantly higher than the darker ceiling. We therefore attribute the influence of ceiling lightness on perceived ceiling height to a direct perceptual rather than a cognitive effect.

Past and present work practices of European interventional cardiologists in the context of radiation protection of the eye lens-results of the EURALOC study.

PubMed

Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna; Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera; Askounis, Panagiotis; Covens, Peter; Dragusin, Octavian; Jacob, Sophie; Farah, Jad; Gianicolo, Emilio; Padovani, Renato; Teles, Pedro; Widmark, Anders; Struelens, Lara

2018-05-21

This paper investigates over five decades of work practices in interventional cardiology, with an emphasis on radiation protection. The analysis is based on data from more than 400 cardiologists from various European countries recruited for a EURALOC study and collected in the period from 2014 to 2016. Information on the types of procedures performed and their annual mean number, fluoroscopy time, access site choice, x-ray units and radiation protection means used was collected using an occupational questionnaire. Based on the specific European data, changes in each parameter have been analysed over decades, while country-specific data analysis has allowed us to determine the differences in local practices. In particular, based on the collected data, the typical workload of a European cardiologist working in a haemodynamic room and an electrophysiology room was specified for various types of procedures. The results showed that when working in a haemodynamic room, a transparent ceiling-suspended lead shield or lead glasses are necessary in order to remain below the recommended eye lens dose limit of 20 mSv. Moreover, the analysis revealed that new, more complex cardiac procedures such as chronic total occlusion, valvuloplasty and pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation ablation might contribute substantially to annual doses, although they are relatively rarely performed. The results revealed that considerable progress has been made in the use of radiation protection tools. While their use in electrophysiology procedures is not generic, the situation in haemodynamic procedures is rather encouraging, as ceiling-suspended shields are used in 90% of cases, while the combination of ceiling shield and lead glasses is noted in more than 40% of the procedures. However, we find that still 7% of haemodynamic procedures are performed without any radiation protection tools.

Women in hospital medicine in the United Kingdom: glass ceiling, preference, prejudice or cohort effect?

PubMed Central

McManus, I; Sproston, K

2000-01-01

OBJECTIVE—To assess from official statistics whether there is evidence that the careers of women doctors in hospitals do not progress in the same way as those of men.
DESIGN—The proportions of female hospital doctors overall (1963-96), and in the specialties of medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, pathology, radiology/radiotherapy, anaesthetics and psychiatry (1974-1996) were examined. Additionally data were examined on career preferences and intentions from pre-registration house officers, final year medical students, and medical school applicants (1966-1991).
ANALYSIS—Data were analysed according to cohort of entry to medical school to assess the extent of disproportionate promotion.
RESULTS—The proportion of women in hospital career posts was largely explained by the rapidly increasing proportion of women entering medical school during the past three decades. In general there was little evidence for disproportionate promotion of women in hospital careers, although in surgery, hospital medicine and obstetrics and gynaecology, fewer women seemed to progress beyond the SHO grade, and in anaesthetics there were deficits of women at each career stage. Analyses of career preferences and intentions suggest that disproportionate promotion cannot readily be explained as differential choice by women.
CONCLUSIONS—Although there is no evidence as such of a "glass ceiling" for women doctors in hospital careers, and the current paucity of women consultants primarily reflects historical trends in the numbers of women entering medical school, there is evidence in some cases of disproportionate promotion that is best interpreted as direct or indirect discrimination.

 PMID:10692956

Generalized System of Preferences: Background and Renewal Debate

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-25

ceilings and maximum country amounts are set by prior allotment.32 CRS-9 33 Trade Act of 1974, P.L. 93-618, Title V, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 2461-2467...include textiles and apparel; certain watches; footwear and other accessories; certain electronics, steel, and glass products; and certain agricultural...as worker rights (Bangladesh, Niger, Uzbekistan) and intellectual property violations ( Lebanon , Russia, Uzbekistan, Philippines) were continued

Breaking the Stained Glass Ceiling: Collaborative Leadership Theory as a Model for Women in Theological Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowe, Mary E.

2010-01-01

One of the prevailing notions within American culture is the idea that women are prevalent in leadership positions within business, politics, and higher education. The reality, however, is that while women make up slightly more than 50% of the population, we are under-represented in these institutions. There are fewer than 20 female CEOs of the…

Women in the World of Corporate Business: Looking at the Glass Ceiling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, Priscilla; Franks, Tommy J.

2010-01-01

From a review of some of the literature and a brief compiling of statistics on women in positions of leadership and power, and with a quick look at the life and work of some contemporary women who have thought about and lived the life of corporate leadership, it is clear that women have made small progress into positions of power and influence.…

Ships Lounge Burnout Experiments

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

Johns Manville Corporation under the trade name Marinite. It was surfaced with a thin plastic veneer on either side. The non-combustible nature...Six lounges were constructed as follows: Ceiling: 3/4" Marinite 36 paneling lined with 1" Microlite fiber- glass insulation and Johns ... Manville acoustical celling tile. Walls: 3/4" Marinite 36 paneling lined with Westinghouse general purpose Micarta plastic laminate held in place

To Climb or Not to Climb: The Probing of Self-Imposed Barriers that Delay or Deny Career Aspirations to be an Administrator in a Public School System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGee, Janet M.

2010-01-01

Throughout history, women have faced numerous career barriers. Although significant progress has made it possible to break through the "glass ceiling," there remains a disproportionate percentage of women at the higher educational administrative positions, specifically the superintendent and high school principal roles. This study will…

The Ability-Track Glass Ceiling of Israeli Schooling: Lessons from a Comparative Analysis of Israeli and Australian PISA 2012 Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Razer, Michal; Mittelberg, David; Ayalon, Snait

2018-01-01

Israeli students ranked in the bottom third of the countries surveyed by PISA 2012 in mathematical literacy, while the gap between the highest and lowest scores was the second largest in the OECD. This paper explores which variables led to disparities in mathematical literacy between different socioeconomic levels and between Israeli Arabs and…

Influencing Transnational Terrorist Organizations: Using Influence Nets to Prioritize Factors

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

Essentially, there is an impenetrable glass ceiling for those not of the required genealogical line. Coupled with a relatively insignificant say in...attitudes and perceptions . 2.6. Defensive Measures Examples of defensive measures include target hardening, security measures, emergency response...and Muslim resentment toward the United States stems from our Israeli-Palestinian policy. Haddad and Khashan’s survey of Lebanese -Muslim opinion found

Comparative U.S.-Israeli Homeland Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

perception is the economic benefit that the United States receives from such a porous border in the form of inexpensive guest labor. Taking this argument...housing Israeli families have been back-fitted with bulletproof glass in windows that face Palestinian neighborhoods. On a much larger scale, Israel has...without requiring a metal cover; dealing with ceilings ; and creating and enforcing building codes for commercial structures so they can withstand

Evaluation of ceiling lifts in health care settings: patient outcome and perceptions.

PubMed

Alamgir, Hasanat; Li, Olivia Wei; Gorman, Erin; Fast, Catherine; Yu, Shicheng; Kidd, Catherine

2009-09-01

Ceiling lifts have been introduced into health care settings to reduce manual patient lifting and thus occupational injuries. Although growing evidence supports the effectiveness of ceiling lifts, a paucity of research links indicators, such as quality of patient care or patient perceptions, to the use of these transfer devices. This study explored the relationship between ceiling lift coverage rates and measures of patient care quality (e.g., incidence of facility-acquired pressure ulcers, falls, urinary infections, urinary incontinence, and assaults [patient to staff] in acute and long-term care facilities), as well as patient perceptions of satisfaction with care received while using ceiling lifts in a complex care facility. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to generate data. A significant inverse relationship was found between pressure ulcer rates and ceiling lift coverage; however, this effect was attenuated by year. No significant relationships existed between ceiling lift coverage and patient outcome indicators after adding the "year" variable to the model. Patients generally approved of the use of ceiling lifts and recognized many of the benefits. Ceiling lifts are not detrimental to the quality of care received by patients, and patients prefer being transferred by ceiling lifts. The relationship between ceiling lift coverage and pressure ulcer rates warrants further investigation. Copyright (c) 2009, SLACK Incorporated.

U.S. Navy - U.S. Air Force Relationships 1970-2010. Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

OK(1992) • Inherited Looking Glass National Command Authorities (NCA) airborne strategic command & control role from USAF (1998) • Multi-role E...begins JTF HOA begins OIF begins PSI begins Iraq ABOT attack Indian Ocean tsunami Hurricane Katrina Bali terror bombings Lebanon evacuation DPRK...II) ^*NA • Material • Rising overall defense budgets • Stability of service budget shares • Imposed ceilings on service budgets • Personal

The Glass Ceiling Is Made of Concrete: The Barriers to Promotion and Tenure of Women in American Academia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bonawitz, Mary; Andel, Nicole

2009-01-01

The focus of this research is to survey the literature in American higher education on the tenure and promotion of women and to suggest future problems that women may encounter as the American population grays. Anecdotally, women are not tenured and promoted in the same percentages of men in similar fields. In the social and natural sciences,…

Association for Academic Surgery presidential address: sticky floors and glass ceilings.

PubMed

Greenberg, Caprice C

2017-11-01

This 2017 Presidential Address for the Association for Academic Surgery was delivered on February 8, 2017. It addresses the difficult topic of gender disparities in surgery. Mixing empirical data with personal anecdotes, Dr. Caprice Greenberg provides an insightful overview of this difficult challenge facing the surgical discipline and practical advice on how we can begin to address it. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A New Look through the Glass Ceiling: Where Are the Women? The Status of Women in Management in Ten Selected Industries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dingell, John D.; Maloney, Carolyn B.

The General Accounting Office (GAO) analyzed Current Population Survey (CPS) data for 1995-2000 to assess the situation of women managers in 10 industries that employ over 70 percent of women workers. Despite a sense of continued progress toward gender equality in the workplace, in the 10 industries employing 71 percent of United States (US) women…

A Question of Equity: Women and the Glass Ceiling in the Federal Government

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

Sponsoring/Monitoring Agency Regulations (i.e., UNCLASSIFIED). If form Names(s) and Address(es). Self-explanatory. contains classified information...then director of OPM, Constance programs performed by the U.S. Equal Employ- Newman, who said, ` * * the percentages of ment Opportunity Commission ( EEOC ...Prior research has indicated that adequate benchmark by which to measure repre- these barriers exist and that they can be complex sentation. The EEOC

Iran and Saudi Arabia: Potential for Conflict or Uneasy Peace?

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-11

discriminated against nearly as much as non-Muslims. Because of this the proverbial glass ceiling prevents the Shia from attaining status among the Sunni... perception of the other Gulf States began to change, not only because of the money being supplied to Iraq, but because of increasing arms deals with the...33 Abdullah al-Shayji, “Mutual Realities, Perceptions , and Impediments Between the GCC States and Iran,” in

Has the Copayment Ceiling Improved Financial Protection in the Korean National Health Insurance System? Evidence From the 2009 Policy Change.

PubMed

Lee, Tae-Jin; Cheong, Chelim

2017-11-01

To relieve the financial burden faced by households, the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) system introduced a "copayment ceiling," which evolved into a differential ceiling in 2009, with the copayment ceiling depending on patients' income. This study aimed to examine the effect of the differential copayment ceiling on financial protection and healthcare utilization, particularly focusing on whether its effects varied across different income groups. This study obtained data from the Korea Health Panel. The number of households included in the analysis was 6555 in 2008, 5859 in 2009, 5539 in 2010, and 5372 in 2011. To assess the effects of the differential copayment ceiling on utilization, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, and catastrophic payments, various random-effects models were applied. Utilization was measured as treatment days, while catastrophic payments were defined as OOP payments exceeding 10% of household income. Among the right-hand side variables were the interaction terms of the new policy with income levels, as well as a set of household characteristics. The differential copayment ceiling contributed to increased utilization regardless of income levels both in all patients and in cancer patients. However, the new policy did not seem to reduce significantly the incidence of catastrophic payments among cancer patients, and even increased the incidence among all patients. The limited effect of the differential ceiling can be attributed to a high proportion of direct payments for services not covered by the NHI, as well as the relatively small number of households benefiting from the differential ceilings; these considerations warrant a better policy design.

Slow physics: recording the ascent and descent of a water column

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindén, Johan; Källman, Kjell-Mikael; Holm, Erik

2018-07-01

A glass filled with carbon dioxide gas upside down on a plate of water constitutes an excellent demonstration of the solubility of gases. If the water level on the plate is maintained the CO2 will slowly dissolve and the column of water will rise inside the glass, without quite reaching the ceiling, before an opposite process sets in: the water level will even more slowly begin to sink in a process which will take several years. We followed the process for several months, recording images of the water column with 10 min to 1 h intervals. The physics of the process is discussed and modeled quantitatively.

ENERGY STAR Certified Ceiling Fans

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Certified models meet all ENERGY STAR requirements as listed in the Version 3.0 ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Ceiling Fans that are effective as of April 1, 2012. A detailed listing of key efficiency criteria are available at http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=ceiling_fans.pr_crit_ceiling_fans

Has the Copayment Ceiling Improved Financial Protection in the Korean National Health Insurance System? Evidence From the 2009 Policy Change

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Objectives To relieve the financial burden faced by households, the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) system introduced a “copayment ceiling,” which evolved into a differential ceiling in 2009, with the copayment ceiling depending on patients’ income. This study aimed to examine the effect of the differential copayment ceiling on financial protection and healthcare utilization, particularly focusing on whether its effects varied across different income groups. Methods This study obtained data from the Korea Health Panel. The number of households included in the analysis was 6555 in 2008, 5859 in 2009, 5539 in 2010, and 5372 in 2011. To assess the effects of the differential copayment ceiling on utilization, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, and catastrophic payments, various random-effects models were applied. Utilization was measured as treatment days, while catastrophic payments were defined as OOP payments exceeding 10% of household income. Among the right-hand side variables were the interaction terms of the new policy with income levels, as well as a set of household characteristics. Results The differential copayment ceiling contributed to increased utilization regardless of income levels both in all patients and in cancer patients. However, the new policy did not seem to reduce significantly the incidence of catastrophic payments among cancer patients, and even increased the incidence among all patients. Conclusions The limited effect of the differential ceiling can be attributed to a high proportion of direct payments for services not covered by the NHI, as well as the relatively small number of households benefiting from the differential ceilings; these considerations warrant a better policy design. PMID:29207446

Living Two Lives: The Ability of Low Income African American Females in Their Quest to Break the Glass Ceiling of Education through the Ellison Model (TEM) Mentoring Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoyt, DaVina J.

2013-01-01

It is often that during their academic pursuits, to become successful, low-income African-American women must learn to navigate an upstream current through higher education, where the established order in the academy is based on Western European values that often conflict with African-American values (Harper, Patton & Wooden, 2009; Phinney,…

Helping women break through the glass ceiling.

PubMed

Aujla, Harjinder

2009-03-10

IN THE 1980s, a Department of Health (DH) nurse recruitment poster showed a picture of a schoolgirl in a nurse's uniform with the words: 'The best nurses have the essential qualifications before they go to school' ( Innes 1995 ). The image and the text together perpetuated a sexual stereotype, that the ideal nurse is a woman, and that the idea that nursing is an innate predisposition rather than a career requiring specific skills and education.

Will women ever break the glass ceiling in medicine?

PubMed

Achkar, Edgar

2008-07-01

Increased attention is being paid to women's working conditions in medicine. Few data are available regarding gender disparity in gastroenterology. It seems, however, that in general women are paid less than men and that their progress in academic practice tends to be slow. The GI community needs to recognize that gender disparity is not an imaginary issue and that action is necessary to attract women to gastroenterology by providing equal opportunities.

JPRS Report, Near East & South Asia.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-14

to USSR 95 CPI-M in Kerala 95 Asian Bank Aid 96 Rural Labor Commission 96 Cochin Shipyard 96 Lebanese Envoy’s Plea 97 IRAN Head of...Coast’s ungrateful behavior toward Israel. Nevertheless, the Solel-Boneh company continued to build marble and glass edifices in Abidjan and broad...palace carved in Italian marble, with ceilings imported from Morocco, six meat courses for the luncheon of the entourage—those are some of the images

JPRS Report, Near East & South Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-08-17

leaders’ perception that this issue is the key and the basic prerequisite for the actual establishment of a common market. Their aim was to cross the...transitional stage of setting high and low ceiling to a more developed one, namely the standardization of tariffs. Looking at the EEC’s...provided with motors and wheels to attract ther- mally guided rockets. Sometimes they are so exactly made that the lights and glass pieces completely

Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation's Human Capital. The Environmental Scan. A Fact-Finding Report of the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Labor, Washington, DC.

This document reports on barriers to the advancement of minority men and all women into decision-making positions in the private sector that were identified through a study of information from the following sources: 126 employers and employees testifying at public hearings in 5 U.S. cities; 18 commissioned research papers; survey of a sample of 25…

Ceiling art in a radiation therapy department: its effect on patient treatment experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bonett, Jotham

A new initiative has been implemented at the Sunshine Hospital Radiation Therapy Centre, to provide a calming and comforting environment for patients attending radiation therapy treatment. As part of this initiative, the department's computed tomography (CT) room and radiation therapy bunkers were designed to incorporate ceiling art that replicates a number of different visual scenes. The study was undertaken to determine if ceiling art in the radiation therapy treatment CT and treatment bunkers had an effect on a patient's experience during treatment at the department. Additionally, the study aimed to identify which of the visuals in the ceiling art weremore » most preferred by patients. Patients were requested to complete a 12-question survey. The survey solicited a patient's opinion/perception on the unit's unique ceiling display with emphasis on aesthetic appeal, patient treatment experience and the patient's engagement due to the ceiling display. The responses were dichotomised to ‘positive’ or ‘negative’. Every sixth patient who completed the survey was invited to have a general face-to-face discussion to provide further information about their thoughts on the displays. The results demonstrate that the ceiling artwork solicited a positive reaction in 89.8% of patients surveyed. This score indicates that ceiling artwork contributed positively to patients’ experiences during radiation therapy treatment. The study suggests that ceiling artwork in the department has a positive effect on patient experience during their radiation therapy treatment at the department.« less

Development of High Efficacy, Low Cost Phosphorescent Oled Lightning Luminaire

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Michael Hack

In this two year program, UDC together with Armstrong World Industries, Professor Stephen Forrest (University of Michigan) and Professor Mark Thompson (University of Southern California) planned to develop and deliver high efficiency OLED lighting luminaires as part of an integrated ceiling illumination system that exceed the Department of Energy (DOE) 2010 performance projections. Specifically the UDC team in 2010 delivered two prototype OLED ceiling illumination systems, each consisting of four individual OLED lighting panels on glass integrated into Armstrong's novel TechZone open architecture ceiling systems, at an overall system efficacy of 51 lm/W, a CRI = 85 and a projectedmore » lifetime to 70% of initial luminance to exceed 10,000 hours. This accomplishment represents a 50% increase in luminaire efficacy and a factor of two in lifetime over that outlined in the solicitation. In addition, the team has also delivered one 15cm x 15cm lighting panel fabricated on a flexible metal foil substrate, demonstrating the possibility using OLEDs in a range of form factors. During this program, our Team has pursued the commercialization of these OLED based ceiling luminaires, with a goal to launch commercial products within the next three years. We have proven that our team is ideally suited to develop these highly novel and efficient solid state lighting luminaires, having both the technical experience and commercial strategy to leverage work performed under this contract. Our calculations show that the success of our program could lead to energy savings of more than 0.5 quads or 8 MMTC (million metric tons of carbon) per year by 2016.« less

The United States Government Interagency Process and the Failure of Institution Building in Iraq

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-12

warehouses they were amazed to find pallets and pallets full of medical equipment from floor to ceiling that had had been in the warehouses for some... glass broken; and books and documents strewn about?”27 24 Durch, William ed. “Twenty-First-Century Peace Operations.” United States Institute of...health) to actors that potentially threaten domestic or international order (e.g., Egypt, Palestinian Authority, Lebanon ) Exploitation of legal

The Glass Ceiling - A Question of Joint Officer Development - Why Only Five USAF Geographic Combatant Commanders?

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-26

kit/OEF.asp (accessed March 6, 2011). 19 U.S. Central Command. "US CENTCOM Leadership: General James N. Mattis , Commander,‖ http... Mattis , USMC Commander, USCENTCOM 0 2 Cmdr, Task Force 58 Cmdr, USJFCOM Admiral James G. Stavridis, USN Commander, USEUCOM 1 2 Plans Officer, JCS...U.S. Central Command. "US CENTCOM Leadership." General James N. Mattis . https://slsp.http://www.centcom.mil/en/about-centcom/leadership

Design of an energy conservation building

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jensen, R. N.

1981-11-01

The concepts in designing and predicting energy consumption in a low energy use building are summarized. The building will use less than 30,000 Btu/sq.ft./yr. of boarder energy. The building's primary energy conservation features include heavy concrete walls with external insulation, a highly insulated ceiling, and large amounts of glass for natural lighting. A solar collector air system is integrated into the south wall. Calculations for energy conservation features were performed using NASA's NECAP Energy Program.

Design of an energy conservation building

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jensen, R. N.

1981-01-01

The concepts in designing and predicting energy consumption in a low energy use building are summarized. The building will use less than 30,000 Btu/sq.ft./yr. of boarder energy. The building's primary energy conservation features include heavy concrete walls with external insulation, a highly insulated ceiling, and large amounts of glass for natural lighting. A solar collector air system is integrated into the south wall. Calculations for energy conservation features were performed using NASA's NECAP Energy Program.

A Question of Equity: Women and the Glass Ceiling in the Federal Government. A Special Study. A Report to the President and the Congress of the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merit Systems Protection Board, Washington, DC.

An investigation of the process for career progression in the federal white-collar work force examined the nature and extent of any barriers women may confront in that process. It included data from three sources: U.S. Office of Personnel Management's Central Personnel Data File; 19 focus groups with 144 senior level and senior executive men and…

The glass ceiling in Irish healthcare: a nursing perspective.

PubMed

Tracey, Catherine

2006-01-01

The purpose of this study is to describe and explore from the perspectives of top-level nurses holding the formal position of director of nursing their perceptions and interpretations of their experiences in the Irish healthcare system. This paper presents some findings from a nation-wide study, which is qualitative in approach using grounded theory methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 directors of nursing representing general and psychiatric nursing. The study in this paper was conducted in the context of a changing healthcare system, which emphasises the flattening of organisational pyramids. However, this study's findings indicate that, while structures might be changing, behaviours remain unaltered. In particular, the medicine nursing power base remains unchanged, while the power shift between nursing and general management continues to widen in favour of general management. Research in this paper shows that directors of nursing who chose to participate in this study may have different perceptions of experiences from those who chose not to participate. In the paper the reality is neither medicine nor general management, individually or collectively, are going to share or devolve power and influence to nursing. This study's findings indicate that nursing needs to confront this power imbalance. Nursing needs to take the first steps towards shattering the glass ceiling by really examining its own behaviours, in maintaining the status quo, in the traditional balance of power.

[Glass ceiling for women in academic medicine in France].

PubMed

Rosso, C; Leger, A; Steichen, O

2018-06-03

To determine whether career development in academic medicine is more difficult for women than for men, and, if any, the nature and level of barriers to this progression. Extraction of full-time medical staff in a Parisian hospital group, through the SIGAPS platform; an online questionnaire survey of career choices and barriers experienced by full-time male and female physicians. The study population comprises 181 hospital practitioners and 141 academic physicians (49 associate professors and 92 full professors). Women represent 49% of the medical staff but 15% of full professors. This underrepresentation of women is more important among intensivists/anesthesiologists than technique-based specialists (such as radiologists, biologists…). There is no difference in scientific output, marital status and parenthood between women and men. On the other hand, there is a difference in attitudes highlighted by the EVAR risk-taking scale as well as in the burden of familial involvement and the prejudices felt by women during the academic selection process. The glass ceiling exists in one of the largest French hospital group. Career development principles promote merit, but should decrease the benefit of "masculine" attitudes in the competition for academic positions. Academic selection criteria should evolve to limit the disadvantage of women related to deeper familial involvement and less competitive strategies and risk-taking attitudes. Copyright © 2018 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

The career paths of women (and men) in French research.

PubMed

de Cheveigné, Suzanne

2009-02-01

This paper presents results from a qualitative study of perceptions of science careers in the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the main research institution in France. Its aim is to understand the 'glass ceiling' effect, which reduces the proportion of women at the higher levels of the career hierarchy. Long interviews were carried out with men, as well as women, support staff and researchers. Factors such as tension between individual and collective dimensions of research activity, and long-term time-management problems, were identified: these affect both men and women but in different ways. Organizations bear an important responsibility through the way they reinforce or alleviate difficulties that women and men face in contributing to scientific research at all levels.

Breaking glass?

PubMed

Wilson, E K

2001-11-01

Why are women so under-represented at the top echelons of science? Why do so many drop out just as their careers should be blossoming? Are women in science being actively discriminated against by their peers, and, if, so what can be done about this? These were just a few of the puzzles reflected upon at a recent European meeting that examined the role of women in science. Thankfully, there is evidence that, today, there is real opportunity, as well as mere light, emerging through the ceiling that caps so many careers.

Key players must help shatter the glass ceiling, say experts.

PubMed

Eubanks, P

1991-10-05

Women are continuing to move up through the management pipeline in hospitals across the country; but is top management prepared? Although many women are aiming for the highest levels in management, a recent survey of female and male health care executives indicates that critical changes must be made by top management and boards of hospitals before those women can continue to advance accordingly. Meanwhile, women's experience as senior executives has been quite different from men's, the survey also shows.

Nurturer, Victim, Seductress: Gendered Roles in Terrorism

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-04-20

suicide bombing , as a mark of bravery and a way into paradise. Martyrdom as a tactic was a component of AQ culture to return to the glory days of...wrote that the bombing was monumental in shattering a glass ceiling and it “elevated the value of Arab women and, in one moment, and with enviable...courage, put an end to the unending debate about equality between men and women.”23 Conversely, Stephanie Shemin condemned the bombing in the Chicago

Beyond the glass ceiling. The top 25 women in Healthcare honorees take on key roles as significant change in the industry unfolds.

PubMed

Kutscher, Beth; Landen, Rachel; Zigmond, Jessica

2013-04-08

At a time when a national conversation is focused on the gender imbalance atop most professions, healthcare can boast of having women in some of the most important policy and executive positions. Those honored in ourTop 25 Women in Healthcare program have a few lessons to share. "Be willing to take the job that everyone else isn't migrating to and make it work for you," says Marilyn Tavenner, acting CMS administrator.

Occupational Radiation Protection in Interventional Radiology: A Joint Guideline of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe and the Society of Interventional Radiology

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

should be provided with properly fitted aprons, both to reduce ergo- nomic hazards and to provide optimal radiation protection [45]. Aprons should be...advised to use eye protection at all times [2, 15]. Leaded eyeglasses are an alternative to ceiling-suspended shields for this purpose. Leaded eye...glasses with large lenses and protective side shields pro- vide more protection than eyeglasses without these features. They help to minimize scatter

Breaking the Glass Ceiling in Oklahoma Higher Education: A Case Study of Kate Galt Zaneis, the First Woman President of a Public Four-Year College or University in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smarr, Debbie L.

2011-01-01

Women's leadership within higher education continues to be the focus of research and essays. A look into the lives of past women leaders in higher education can provide a potential "road-map" for aspiring women to follow as they develop their leadership style to aid in their upward mobility. The study of the first woman to lead a public…

JPRS Report, East Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-11

Despite Italy’s Deterrence Policy"] [Text] Rome, 13 Jun—The Adriatic was almost as smooth as glass when the Albanians were sighted by the Greek ferries...tion. It is hard to define as it takes many forms. These may include the perception of a personal threat arising for many politicians from the fact...There was a little spare room between the ceiling of the car and the roof. In the mid-1980’s, the cheapest form of travel from Poland to the United

Fashion versus perception: the impact of surface lightness on the perceived dimensions of interior space.

PubMed

Oberfeld, Daniel; Hecht, Heiko

2011-06-01

We compare expert opinion with perceptual judgment regarding the influence of color on the perceived height and width of interior rooms. We hypothesize that contrary to popular belief, ceiling and wall lightness have additive effects on perceived height, whereas the lightness contrast between these surfaces is less important. We assessed the intuitions of architectural experts as to which surface colors maximize apparent height and compared these intuitions with psychophysical height and width estimates for rooms differing in ceiling, floor, and wall lightness. Experiment 1 was a survey of architectural experts and nonexperts. Experiments 2 and 3 presented virtual rooms varying in physical height, physical width, and surface lightness. In Experiment 1, both experts and nonexperts erroneously assumed that the lightness contrast between ceiling and walls influences perceived height Experiment 2 showed that the lightness contrast does not determine apparent height but that ceiling and wall lightness have additive effects. Experiment 3 demonstrated a decrease in perceived width with physical height, whereas the perceived height was not related to physical width. Apparent width was unaffected by ceiling lightness. Light ceiling and light walls make a room appear higher, whereas floor color has a weaker effect. We also found evidence for an asymmetric interaction between height and width. The question of how to color walls and ceiling to maximize the apparent size of a room can be answered empirically. Aesthetic considerations may interfere with the correct assessment of the effects of color in experts.

Interventions based on self-management of well-being theory: pooling data to demonstrate mediation and ceiling effects, and to compare formats.

PubMed

Goedendorp, M M; Steverink, N

2017-09-01

Interventions based on self-management of well-being (SMW) theory have shown positive effects, but additional questions remain: (1) Are improvements in well-being, as induced by the interventions, mediated by improved self-management ability (SMA)? (2) Do the interventions show ceiling effects? (3) Is a particular format of SMW intervention (individual, group, or self-help) more effective? Data of three randomized controlled trials were pooled. The greater part of the sample (N = 445) consisted of single older females. A bootstrap analysis was performed to test for mediation. Regression analyses with interaction effects were performed to test for ceiling effects. Controlled and transformed effect sizes (proportion of maximum change) were calculated to compare formats. There was a full significant mediation of well-being by SMA. A significant interaction (ceiling) effect was found on well-being, but not on SMA. The controlled effect sizes of the raw scores were small to medium (.04-.49), and were small to large after transformation (.41-.73). None of the intervention formats was more effective. Support for SMW theory was found, i.e. increasing self-management ability lead to improved well-being. Some ceiling effect was found. We conclude that various SMW interventions formats can improve self-management abilities and well-being with medium effects.

Minnesota retrofit insulation in situ test program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1978-06-01

The use of cellulose, glass fiber, rock/slag fiber and urea formaldehyde installed as retrofit insulation materials in residential walls and ceilings was studied. Homes were selected for testing according to the type of retrofit insulation, age of retrofit insulation and whether the retrofit was in the wall or ceiling. The total project was comprised of 22 wall and 48 ceiling samples. Samples of retrofit insulation were taken from an area of three to four square feet in the ceiling or wall of the home. The sample volume was measured, the sample removed and double-sealed in polyethylene bags. The samples weremore » shipped to the laboratory for testing. Laboratory measurements were made of density, moisture content, thermal resistance, and relative flammability of each sample. Additionally, the friability and compressive strength of each urea-formaldehyde foam sample was measured. The following results were obtained. Cellulosic loose fill insulation tests indicated that settling and moisture build-up are not serious problems. Flammability is a concern. Age did not affect the properties of the cellulosic loose fill, but fungal growth was evident. Shrinkage, ranging from 2.5 to 9 percent, averaging 4.5 percent, was exhibited. Degradation of the foam samples with time did not occur. Density was the most critical property affecting the other properties. The higher the density, the higher the thermal resistence per inch, the lower the friability and the higher the compressive strength. The accurate prediction of the fiber diameter, amount of unfiberized mineral, and extent of modular clumping thermal resistance of loose fill mineral fiber insulations is related to and is not solely a factor of density. The materials in this sample did not noticeably affect the structure or wiring of the retrofitted homes. (LCL)« less

Design and Application of Integrated Assembly Technology of FRG in Residential Ceiling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiuyun; Yu, Changyong

2018-06-01

FRG material is a new environmentally friendly indoor decoration materials and popular in prefabricated construction, the paper introduces the performance and design of materials, and takes FRG in the residential ceiling integrated assembly process into a demonstration project, which showed that FRG in the prefabricated modules integrated ceiling of the whole template scheme has a great artistry and application effect. Meanwhile it provides reference for the integrated ceiling assembly modular process design of similar indoor decoration.

The glass ceiling: A biological phenomenon.

PubMed

Schulpen, Tom W J

2017-09-01

Many brilliant and ambitious young women lose their drive for top careers after childbirth. New maternal impulses are at odds with their original ambitions and for many mothers stress and frustration will be the result as they have to combine child care with workweeks of 60-80h to reach or remain at the top. Pregnancy hormones modify the female's brain as has been demonstrated already for decades in animals. This brain plasticity due to adult neurogenesis in the so called maternal circuitry of the limbic system is long-lasting and perhaps lifelong. In humans hormonal and neuro-imaging studies show ample evidence for fundamental and long lasting pregnancy induced brain changes, not only in the limbic system, but also in the cortical networks like theory of mind and mirror neuron system. Recent research shows pronounced and long lasting brain changes in several of these areas. It can be concluded that there exists a maternal brain that drives mother's behaviour and priorities. Research in men shows that the more fathers are involved in raising their children, the more caring behaviour they develop. Structural anatomical changes are found in neural regions involved in parental motivation. These studies show that brain plasticity in fathers is experience dependent. In Nordic countries, a policy of paid paternal leave followed by a flexible shared parental leave, stimulates fatherly behaviour. This might reduce men's eagerness for top careers, thus creating better opportunities for women. Demolition of women's glass ceiling starts with the father. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Managing away bad habits.

PubMed

Waldroop, J; Butler, T

2000-01-01

We've all worked with highly competent people who are held back by a seemingly fatal personality flaw. One person takes on too much work; another sees the downside in every proposed change; a third pushes people out of the way. At best, people with these "bad habits" create their own glass ceilings, which limit their success and their contributions to the company. At worst, they destroy their own careers. Although the psychological flaws of such individuals run deep, their managers are not helpless. In this article, James Waldroop and Timothy Butler--both psychologists--examine the root causes of these flaws and suggest concrete tactics they have used to help people recognize and correct the following six behavior patterns: The hero, who always pushes himself--and subordinates--too hard to do too much for too long. The meritocrat, who believes that the best ideas can and will be determined objectively and ignores the politics inherent in most situations. The bulldozer, who runs roughshod over others in a quest for power. The pessimist, who always worries about what could go wrong. The rebel, who automatically fights against authority and convention. And the home run hitter, who tries to do too much too soon--he swings for the fences before he's learned to hit singles. Helping people break through their self-created glass ceilings is the ultimate win-win scenario: both the individual and the organization are rewarded. Using the tactics introduced in this article, managers can help their brilliantly flawed performers become spectacular achievers.

[Glass ceiling and slippery stairs? Gender inequalities and strategies for change in the Spanish Society of Public Health and Health Services Administration].

PubMed

Colomer Revuelta, C; Peiró Pérez, R

2002-01-01

In scientific societies, as in other social fields, women's participation in decision making is lower than that of men. We describe the situation in SESPAS (Spanish Society of Public Health and Health Services Administration) where, despite representing a 40% of its members, very few women have been in positions in which decisions are taken or in those of professional recognition. The process of change implemented during recent years and some of the effects of the actions taken are presented. Making the existing inequalities known has generated debate and interest in the intervention. A gender and public health working group was set up. In the last two years more women have been promoted to more senior positions in SESPAS.

Demonstration of an advanced solar garden with a water ceiling. Final technical report, July 1, 1979-June 30, 1980

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maes, R.; Riseng, C.; Thomas, G.

1980-09-01

A history of the solar garden with the addition of the transparent water ceiling is presented, and a statement of the overall goals of the program is given. The objectives of the water ceiling grant are detailed. The rationale of the transparent water ceiling is developed and its implementation in the solar garden is described. The experimental procedures for evaluating the water ceiling as an integral part of an ongoing garden agricultural experiment are discussed and the results presented. The water ceiling has proven useful in providing extra thermal capacity to the solar garden. It provides heat at night aftermore » the water has been warmed during the day and retards overheating in the daytime by absorbing infrared energy into the water. In growing non-flowering plants, such as lettuce and Chinese cabbage, the water ceiling showed no noticeable degradation in yield or maturation rate. In flowering plants, such as tomatoes, the reduced light levels delayed yields by a couple of weeks but the total yield was only slightly diminished. In geographic areas where there is less cloud cover than in Michigan the water ceiling could be much more effective.« less

[Women pioneers: first female cardiothoracic surgeons in the USA and in Israel].

PubMed

Fertouk, Michal; Bekerman, Ziv; Kremer, Ran; Adler, Zvi; Bolotin, Gil

2014-08-01

At the beginning of the 1960's, three female doctors managed to break the glass ceiling and become the first female cardiothoracic surgeons in the USA. Since then, the number of certified female cardiothoracic surgeons has steadily increased. Nevertheless, females stilt only account for a minority of cardiothoracic surgeons in the USA. In Israel, three women have become specialists in cardiothoracic surgery over the last two decades, aLthough these surgeons are working as general thoracic surgery consultants, without any representative females in cardiac surgery.

29 CFR 1405.10 - Effect on employment ceilings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT Part-time Employment Program § 1405.10 Effect on employment ceilings. Effective October 1, 1980, part-time employees will be counted on the basis of the fractional part of the 40-hour week actually...

Value-Added to What? How a Ceiling in the Testing Instrument Influences Value-Added Estimation. NBER Working Paper No. 14778

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koedel, Cory; Betts, Julian

2009-01-01

Value-added measures of teacher quality may be sensitive to the quantitative properties of the student tests upon which they are based. This paper focuses on the sensitivity of value- added to test-score-ceiling effects. Test-score ceilings are increasingly common in testing instruments across the country as education policy continues to emphasize…

Psychometric Evaluation of the Lower Extremity Computerized Adaptive Test, the Modified Harris Hip Score, and the Hip Outcome Score.

PubMed

Hung, Man; Hon, Shirley D; Cheng, Christine; Franklin, Jeremy D; Aoki, Stephen K; Anderson, Mike B; Kapron, Ashley L; Peters, Christopher L; Pelt, Christopher E

2014-12-01

The applicability and validity of many patient-reported outcome measures in the high-functioning population are not well understood. To compare the psychometric properties of the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the Hip Outcome Score activities of daily living subscale (HOS-ADL) and sports (HOS-sports), and the Lower Extremity Computerized Adaptive Test (LE CAT). The hypotheses was that all instruments would perform well but that the LE CAT would show superiority psychometrically because a combination of CAT and a large item bank allows for a high degree of measurement precision. Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Data were collected from 472 advanced-age, active participants from the Huntsman World Senior Games in 2012. Validity evidences were examined through item fit, dimensionality, monotonicity, local independence, differential item functioning, person raw score to measure correlation, and instrument coverage (ie, ceiling and floor effects), and reliability evidences were examined through Cronbach alpha and person separation index. All instruments demonstrated good item fit, unidimensionality, monotonicity, local independence, and person raw score to measure correlations. The HOS-ADL had high ceiling effects of 36.02%, and the mHHS had ceiling effects of 27.54%. The LE CAT had ceiling effects of 8.47%, and the HOS-sports had no ceiling effects. None of the instruments had any floor effects. The mHHS had a very low Cronbach alpha of 0.41 and an extremely low person separation index of 0.08. Reliabilities for the LE CAT were excellent and for the HOS-ADL and HOS-sports were good. The LE CAT showed better psychometric properties overall than the HOS-ADL, HOS-sports, and mHHS for the senior population. The mHHS demonstrated pronounced ceiling effects and poor reliabilities that should be of concern. The high ceiling effects for the HOS-ADL were also of concern. The LE CAT was superior in all psychometric aspects examined in this study. Future research should investigate the LE CAT for wider use in different populations.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Lower Extremity Computerized Adaptive Test, the Modified Harris Hip Score, and the Hip Outcome Score

PubMed Central

Hung, Man; Hon, Shirley D.; Cheng, Christine; Franklin, Jeremy D.; Aoki, Stephen K.; Anderson, Mike B.; Kapron, Ashley L.; Peters, Christopher L.; Pelt, Christopher E.

2014-01-01

Background: The applicability and validity of many patient-reported outcome measures in the high-functioning population are not well understood. Purpose: To compare the psychometric properties of the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the Hip Outcome Score activities of daily living subscale (HOS-ADL) and sports (HOS-sports), and the Lower Extremity Computerized Adaptive Test (LE CAT). The hypotheses was that all instruments would perform well but that the LE CAT would show superiority psychometrically because a combination of CAT and a large item bank allows for a high degree of measurement precision. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Data were collected from 472 advanced-age, active participants from the Huntsman World Senior Games in 2012. Validity evidences were examined through item fit, dimensionality, monotonicity, local independence, differential item functioning, person raw score to measure correlation, and instrument coverage (ie, ceiling and floor effects), and reliability evidences were examined through Cronbach alpha and person separation index. Results: All instruments demonstrated good item fit, unidimensionality, monotonicity, local independence, and person raw score to measure correlations. The HOS-ADL had high ceiling effects of 36.02%, and the mHHS had ceiling effects of 27.54%. The LE CAT had ceiling effects of 8.47%, and the HOS-sports had no ceiling effects. None of the instruments had any floor effects. The mHHS had a very low Cronbach alpha of 0.41 and an extremely low person separation index of 0.08. Reliabilities for the LE CAT were excellent and for the HOS-ADL and HOS-sports were good. Conclusion: The LE CAT showed better psychometric properties overall than the HOS-ADL, HOS-sports, and mHHS for the senior population. The mHHS demonstrated pronounced ceiling effects and poor reliabilities that should be of concern. The high ceiling effects for the HOS-ADL were also of concern. The LE CAT was superior in all psychometric aspects examined in this study. Future research should investigate the LE CAT for wider use in different populations. PMID:26535291

Microbial volatile organic compound emissions from Stachybotrys chartarum growing on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Stachybotrys chartarum is a filamentous mold frequently identified among the mycobiota of water-damaged building materials. Growth of S. chartarum on suitable substrates and under favorable environmental conditions leads to the production of secondary metabolites such as mycotoxins and microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). The aim of this study was to characterize MVOC emission profiles of seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum, isolated from water-damaged buildings, in order to identify unique MVOCs generated during growth on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile coupons. Inoculated coupons were incubated and monitored for emissions and growth using a closed glass environmental growth chamber maintained at a constant room temperature. Gas samples were collected from the headspace for three to four weeks using Tenax TA tubes. Results Most of the MVOCs identified were alcohols, ketones, ethers and esters. The data showed that anisole (methoxybenzene) was emitted from all of the S. chartarum strains tested on both types of substrates. Maximum anisole concentration was detected after seven days of incubation. Conclusions MVOCs are suitable markers for fungal identification because they easily diffuse through weak barriers like wallpaper, and could be used for early detection of mold growth in hidden cavities. This study identifies the production of anisole by seven toxigenic strains of Stachybotrys chartarum within a period of one week of growth on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tiles. These data could provide useful information for the future construction of a robust MVOC library for the early detection of this mold. PMID:24308451

Microbial volatile organic compound emissions from Stachybotrys chartarum growing on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile.

PubMed

Betancourt, Doris A; Krebs, Ken; Moore, Scott A; Martin, Shayna M

2013-12-05

Stachybotrys chartarum is a filamentous mold frequently identified among the mycobiota of water-damaged building materials. Growth of S. chartarum on suitable substrates and under favorable environmental conditions leads to the production of secondary metabolites such as mycotoxins and microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). The aim of this study was to characterize MVOC emission profiles of seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum, isolated from water-damaged buildings, in order to identify unique MVOCs generated during growth on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile coupons. Inoculated coupons were incubated and monitored for emissions and growth using a closed glass environmental growth chamber maintained at a constant room temperature. Gas samples were collected from the headspace for three to four weeks using Tenax TA tubes. Most of the MVOCs identified were alcohols, ketones, ethers and esters. The data showed that anisole (methoxybenzene) was emitted from all of the S. chartarum strains tested on both types of substrates. Maximum anisole concentration was detected after seven days of incubation. MVOCs are suitable markers for fungal identification because they easily diffuse through weak barriers like wallpaper, and could be used for early detection of mold growth in hidden cavities. This study identifies the production of anisole by seven toxigenic strains of Stachybotrys chartarum within a period of one week of growth on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tiles. These data could provide useful information for the future construction of a robust MVOC library for the early detection of this mold.

The status of women at one academic medical center. Breaking through the glass ceiling.

PubMed

Nickerson, K G; Bennett, N M; Estes, D; Shea, S

1990-10-10

Despite recent gains in admission to medical school and in obtaining junior faculty positions, women remain underrepresented at senior academic ranks and in leadership positions in medicine. This discrepancy has been interpreted as evidence of a "glass ceiling" that prevents all but a few exceptional women from gaining access to leadership positions. We analyzed data from Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, for all faculty hired from 1969 through 1988 and found that the likelihood of promotion on the tenure track was 0.40 for women and 0.48 for men (ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 1.20); on the clinical track the likelihood of promotion was 0.75 for women and 0.72 for men (ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 1.94). Additional analysis of current faculty showed that in the academic year 1988-1989 the proportion of women at each tenure track rank at the College of Physicians & Surgeons equaled or exceeded the national proportion of women graduating from medical school, once allowance was made for the average time lag necessary to attain each rank. On the clinical track women were somewhat overrepresented, particularly at the junior rank. National data that describe medical school faculty, which combine tenure and clinical tracks, showed that in 1988 women were proportionately represented at each rank once the lead time from graduation was considered. We conclude that objective evidence shows that women can succeed and are succeeding in gaining promotions in academic medicine.

Building America Case Study: Duct in Conditioned Space in a Dropped Ceiling or Fur-down, Gainesville, Florida (Fact Sheet)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2014-09-01

Forced air distribution systems (duct systems) typically are installed out of sight for aesthetic reasons, most often in unconditioned areas such as an attic or crawlspace. Any leakage of air to or from the duct system (duct leakage) in unconditioned space not only loses energy, but impacts home and equipment durability and indoor air quality. An obvious solution to this problem is to bring the duct system into the interior of the house, either by sealing the area where the ducts are installed (sealed attic or crawlspace) or by building an interior cavity or chase above the ceiling plane (raisedmore » ceiling or fur-up chase) or below the ceiling plane (dropped ceiling or fur-down) for the duct system. This case study examines one Building America builder partner's implementation of an inexpensive, quick and effective method of building a fur-down or dropped ceiling chase.« less

Peer coaching and mentoring: a new model of educational intervention for safe patient handling in health care.

PubMed

Alamgir, Hasanat; Drebit, Sharla; Li, Helen Guiyun; Kidd, Catherine; Tam, Helen; Fast, Catherine

2011-08-01

To reduce the risk of patient handling-related musculoskeletal injury, overhead ceiling lifts have been installed in health care facilities. To increase ceiling lift usage for a variety of patient handling tasks, a peer coaching and mentoring program was implemented among the direct care staff in the long-term care subsector in British Columbia, Canada. They received a 4-day training program on body mechanics, ergonomics, patient-handling techniques, ceiling lift usage, in addition to coaching skills. A questionnaire was administered among staff before and after the intervention to evaluate the program's effectiveness. There were 403 and 200 respondents to the pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires. In general, staff perceived the peer-coaching program to be effective. The number of staff who reported to be using ceiling lifts "often and always" went higher from 64.5% to 80.5% (<0.001) after coaching program implementation. Furthermore, staff reported that they were using the ceiling lifts for more types of tasks post-intervention. Staff reported that the peer coaching program has increased their safety awareness at work and confidence in using the ceiling lifts. The findings suggest that this educational model can increase the uptake of mechanical interventions for occupational health and safety initiatives. It appears that the training led to a greater awareness of the availability of or increased perceptions of the number of ceiling lifts, presumably through coaches advocating their use. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Determinants of response and resistance to cytotoxics.

PubMed

Rosell, Rafael; Monzó, Mariano; Alberola, Vicente; Taron, Miquel; Barnadas, Agustin; Sánchez, Jose Miguel; Manzano, Jose Luis; Sanchez, José Javier

2002-02-01

There is an underlying feeling in the oncology community that chemotherapy has reached a therapeutic "glass ceiling" in non-small cell lung cancer, and that we will never attain the acceptable survival rates that are just beyond our reach. Multiple clinical trials have tested doublets, triplets, and sequential chemotherapy in what is often regarded as a futile attempt to break through this ceiling. Recent large randomized trials have not shown that any of these combinations is superior to any of the others. Nevertheless, the analysis of DNA and RNA from patients' serum can permit us to assess genes that may be specific targets of certain cytotoxic agents and others that may be markers of multidrug resistance. With this information, we will hopefully be able to create guidelines for individualized chemotherapy. With this in mind, the Spanish Lung Cancer Group has designed a trial to test the involvement of various genes in resistance to gemcitabine and cisplatin. With the gene corral that will emerge from this trial, we will create an up-front diagnostic test for selecting the most appropriate gemcitabine plus cisplatin regimen for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Green buildings: Implications for acousticians

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noble, Michael R.

2005-04-01

This presentation will deal with the practical implications of green design protocols of the US Green Building Council on interior acoustics of buildings. Three areas of particular consequence to acousticians will be discussed. Ventilation Systems: reduced energy consumption goals dictate reliance on natural cooling and ventilation using ambient air when possible. The consequent large openings in the building envelope to bring fresh air into rooms, and similar sized openings to transfer the mixed air out, can severely compromise the noise isolation of the rooms concerned. Radiant Cooling: the heavy concrete floors of buildings can be used as a thermal flywheel to lessen the cooling load, which forces the concrete ceilings to be exposed to the occupied rooms for heat transfer, and strictly limits the application of acoustical absorption on the ceilings. This challenges the room acoustics design. Green Materials: the LEED protocols require the elimination of potentially harmful finishes, including fibrous materials which may impact air quality or contribute to health problems. Since the backbone of sound absorption is glass and mineral fibres, this further challenges provision of superior room acoustics. Examples and commentary will be provided based on current and recent projects.

Score Distributions of the Balance Outcome Measure for Elder Rehabilitation (BOOMER) in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Vertebral Fracture.

PubMed

Brown, Zachary M; Gibbs, Jenna C; Adachi, Jonathan D; Ashe, Maureen C; Hill, Keith D; Kendler, David L; Khan, Aliya; Papaioannou, Alexandra; Prasad, Sadhana; Wark, John D; Giangregorio, Lora M

2017-11-28

We sought to evaluate the Balance Outcome Measure for Elder Rehabilitation (BOOMER) in community-dwelling women 65 years and older with vertebral fracture and to describe score distributions and potential ceiling and floor effects. This was a secondary data analysis of baseline data from the Build Better Bones with Exercise randomized controlled trial using the BOOMER. A total of 141 women with osteoporosis and radiographically confirmed vertebral fracture were included. Concurrent validity and internal consistency were assessed in comparison to the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Normality and ceiling/floor effects of total BOOMER scores and component test items were also assessed. Exploratory analyses of assistive aid use and falls history were performed. Tests for concurrent validity demonstrated moderate correlation between total BOOMER and SPPB scores. The BOOMER component tests showed modest internal consistency. Substantial ceiling effect and nonnormal score distributions were present among overall sample and those not using assistive aids for total BOOMER scores, although scores were normally distributed for those using assistive aids. The static standing with eyes closed test demonstrated the greatest ceiling effects of the component tests, with 92% of participants achieving a maximal score. While the BOOMER compares well with the SPPB in community-dwelling women with vertebral fractures, researchers or clinicians considering using the BOOMER in similar or higher-functioning populations should be aware of the potential for ceiling effects.

Effect of a ceiling fan ventilation system on finishing young bulls' health, behaviour and growth performance.

PubMed

Magrin, L; Brscic, M; Lora, I; Rumor, C; Tondello, L; Cozzi, G; Gottardo, F

2017-06-01

This research aimed at assessing the effects of a ceiling fan ventilation system on health, feeding, social behaviour and growth response of finishing young bulls fattened indoors during a mild summer season. A total of 69 Charolais young bulls were housed in six pens without any mechanical ventilation system (Control) and in six pens equipped with ceiling fans. The experimental period lasted 98 days from June until mid-September 2014. Four experimental days were considered in order to assess the effect of the ventilation system under two different microclimatic conditions: 2 alert days at monthly interval with temperature humidity index (THI) between 75 and 78, and 2 normal days with THI⩽74. Health and behaviour of the bulls were evaluated through 8-h observation sessions starting after morning feed delivery. The study was carried out during a rather cool summer with a climate average THI of 68.9 and 4 days with average THI>75. Despite these mild climate conditions, ceiling fans lowered litter moisture and acted as a preventive measure for bulls' dirtiness (odd ratio=47.9; 95% CI 19.6 to 117.4). The risk of abnormal breathing was increased for Control bulls (odd ratio=40.7; 95% CI 5.4 to 304.2). When exposed to alert THI conditions, respiration rate and panting scores increased and rumination duration dropped in Control bulls compared with bulls provided with a ceiling fan. During observations under alert THI, bulls spent less time eating, more time being inactive and consumed more water compared with normal THI conditions. Bulls' daily dry matter intake measured during the observation sessions decreased on alert compared with normal THI days (P<0.001) due to a drop of intake during the daylight hours. Ceiling fan treatment had no effect on bulls' growth performance or water consumption but these results most likely depended on the mild climate conditions. Ceiling fans proved to mitigate some of the negative effects of heat stress on bulls' behaviour (rumination, lying down and drinking water) and respiration rate, however. The lack of a significant improvement of bulls' growth response should not discourage beef farmers from using ceiling fans in indoor systems, considering the likely increase in frequency and intensity of heat waves in the planet's temperate areas induced by global warming.

Modeling Outcomes with Floor or Ceiling Effects: An Introduction to the Tobit Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McBee, Matthew

2010-01-01

In gifted education research, it is common for outcome variables to exhibit strong floor or ceiling effects due to insufficient range of measurement of many instruments when used with gifted populations. Common statistical methods (e.g., analysis of variance, linear regression) produce biased estimates when such effects are present. In practice,…

STS-45 crewmembers during zero gravity activities onboard KC-135 NASA 930

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

STS-45 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, crewmembers and backup payload specialist participate in zero gravity activities onboard KC-135 NASA 930. The crewmembers, wearing flight suits, float and tumble around an inflated globe during the few seconds of microgravity created by parabolic flight. With his hand on the fuselage ceiling is Payload Specialist Dirk D. Frimout. Clockwise from his position are Mission Specialist (MS) C. Michael Foale, Pilot Brian Duffy, backup Payload Specialist Charles R. Chappell, MS and Payload Commander (PLC) Kathryn D. Sullivan (with eye glasses), Commander Charles F. Bolden, and Payload Specialist Byron K. Lichtenberg.

To shatter the glass ceiling in healthcare management: who supports affirmative action and why?

PubMed

Weil, Peter A; Mattis, Mary C

2003-11-01

We examined the findings of a recent national survey of healthcare executives that showed 90% of women but only 53% of men favoured efforts to increase the proportion of women in senior healthcare management positions. Using the theories of relative deprivation and social identity, we tested hypotheses to suggest the background, work characteristics and attitudes about existing discriminatory practices in their own organizations that correlate with respondents' views about affirmative action for women. Some support is evidenced for the two theories and explanations are suggested to account for apparent anomalies.

Women neurologist: a worldwide and Brazilian struggle.

PubMed

Gomes, Marleide da Mota

2011-10-01

The main aim of this paper was to present some pioneer women neurologist, their struggle to pursue their career and the barriers mainly encountered at the beginning of their professional lives. It was also presented the progressive increasing of the feminine participation in medicine and in the neurology with study based on data of the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and Brazilian Academy of Neurology. Their composition were analyzed according to gender, class and academic rank. In spite of this feminization, there is lack of a women's parallel advancement into leadership positions despite no visible barriers ("glass ceiling").

In search of the glass ceiling: gender and recruitment to management in Norway's state bureaucracy.

PubMed

Storvik, Aagoth Elise; Schøne, Pål

2008-12-01

There are still fewer female than male managers in Norway's state bureaucracy. This article asks if there are organizational barriers which prevent women from entering these positions. Is there really a glass ceiling, or must one look outside the organizational environment to find an explanation? Is it rather the case that the scarcity of female managers is caused by women's own preferences or their life situations outside work? Or do both contribute to the situation? The study shows that female managers are treated just as well as male managers in central parts of the state bureaucracy. Employers give equal shares of respect and attention to both genders. Female managers are encouraged to apply for the same number of jobs as men and are offered an equal number of jobs as men when they apply; in fact, women are offered more jobs than men, when one controls for the number of job applications. This indicates that organizational barriers are not the problem. The study also shows that there are no differences in work orientation between male and female managers. Female managers are just as ambitious as male managers. Nor do female managers find it more difficult than male managers to combine work and family life. So, how can one explain the low number of female managers? The study shows that one reason can be that female managers apply for management jobs less often than their male colleagues. The cause of this seems to be anticipated discrimination rather than lack of ambition or self-confidence. However, this slows down women's movement into higher management positions in the state bureaucracy.

Window screening, ceilings and closed eaves as sustainable ways to control malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

PubMed Central

Ogoma, Sheila B; Kannady, Khadija; Sikulu, Maggy; Chaki, Prosper P; Govella, Nicodem J; Mukabana, Wolfgang R; Killeen, Gerry F

2009-01-01

Background Malaria transmission in Africa occurs predominantly inside houses where the primary vectors prefer to feed. Human preference and investment in blocking of specific entry points for mosquitoes into houses was evaluated and compared with known entry point preferences of the mosquitoes themselves. Methods Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to estimate usage levels of available options for house proofing against mosquito entry, namely window screens, ceilings and blocking of eaves. These surveys also enabled evaluation of household expenditure on screens and ceilings and the motivation behind their installation. Results Over three quarters (82.8%) of the 579 houses surveyed in Dar es Salaam had window screens, while almost half (48.9%) had ceilings. Prevention of mosquito entry was cited as a reason for installation of window screens and ceilings by 91.4% (394/431) and 55.7% (127/228) of respondents, respectively, but prevention of malaria was rarely cited (4.3%, 22/508). The median cost of window screens was between US $ 21-30 while that of ceilings was between US $301-400. The market value of insecticide-treated nets, window screening and ceilings currently in use in the city was estimated as 2, 5 and 42 million US$. More than three quarters of the respondents that lacked them said it was too expensive to install ceilings (82.2%) or window screens (75.5%). Conclusion High coverage and spending on screens and ceilings implies that these techniques are highly acceptable and excellent uptake can be achieved in urban settings like Dar es Salaam. Effective models for promotion and subsidization should be developed and evaluated, particularly for installation of ceilings that prevent entry via the eaves, which are the most important entry point for mosquitoes that cause malaria, a variety of neglected tropical diseases and the nuisance which motivates uptake. PMID:19785779

Window screening, ceilings and closed eaves as sustainable ways to control malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

PubMed

Ogoma, Sheila B; Kannady, Khadija; Sikulu, Maggy; Chaki, Prosper P; Govella, Nicodem J; Mukabana, Wolfgang R; Killeen, Gerry F

2009-09-29

Malaria transmission in Africa occurs predominantly inside houses where the primary vectors prefer to feed. Human preference and investment in blocking of specific entry points for mosquitoes into houses was evaluated and compared with known entry point preferences of the mosquitoes themselves. Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to estimate usage levels of available options for house proofing against mosquito entry, namely window screens, ceilings and blocking of eaves. These surveys also enabled evaluation of household expenditure on screens and ceilings and the motivation behind their installation. Over three quarters (82.8%) of the 579 houses surveyed in Dar es Salaam had window screens, while almost half (48.9%) had ceilings. Prevention of mosquito entry was cited as a reason for installation of window screens and ceilings by 91.4% (394/431) and 55.7% (127/228) of respondents, respectively, but prevention of malaria was rarely cited (4.3%, 22/508). The median cost of window screens was between US $ 21-30 while that of ceilings was between US $301-400. The market value of insecticide-treated nets, window screening and ceilings currently in use in the city was estimated as 2, 5 and 42 million US$. More than three quarters of the respondents that lacked them said it was too expensive to install ceilings (82.2%) or window screens (75.5%). High coverage and spending on screens and ceilings implies that these techniques are highly acceptable and excellent uptake can be achieved in urban settings like Dar es Salaam. Effective models for promotion and subsidization should be developed and evaluated, particularly for installation of ceilings that prevent entry via the eaves, which are the most important entry point for mosquitoes that cause malaria, a variety of neglected tropical diseases and the nuisance which motivates uptake.

Modeling of Ceiling Fire Spread and Thermal Radiation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

under a PMMA ceiling and flame lengths under an inert ceiling are found to be in reasonable agreement with full-scale behavior. Although fire spread...5 3 Flame Lengths under Full-Scale Ceilings 12 4 Correlation of Flame Length under Inert Ceilings 16 5 Correlation of Flame Length under No 234 Model...Ceilings 17 6 Correlation of Flame Length under No B8811 Model Ceilings 18 7 Correlation of Flame Length under No. 223 Model Ceilings 19 8

Comparisons of predicted steady-state levels in rooms with extended- and local-reaction bounding surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodgson, Murray; Wareing, Andrew

2008-01-01

A combined beam-tracing and transfer-matrix model for predicting steady-state sound-pressure levels in rooms with multilayer bounding surfaces was used to compare the effect of extended- and local-reaction surfaces, and the accuracy of the local-reaction approximation. Three rooms—an office, a corridor and a workshop—with one or more multilayer test surfaces were considered. The test surfaces were a single-glass panel, a double-drywall panel, a carpeted floor, a suspended-acoustical ceiling, a double-steel panel, and glass fibre on a hard backing. Each test surface was modeled as of extended or of local reaction. Sound-pressure levels were predicted and compared to determine the significance of the surface-reaction assumption. The main conclusions were that the difference between modeling a room surface as of extended or of local reaction is not significant when the surface is a single plate or a single layer of material (solid or porous) with a hard backing. The difference is significant when the surface consists of multilayers of solid or porous material and includes a layer of fluid with a large thickness relative to the other layers. The results are partially explained by considering the surface-reflection coefficients at the first-reflection angles.

Mechanics of evolving thin film structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Jim

In the Stranski-Krastanov system, the lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate causes the film to break into islands. During annealing, both the surface energy and the elastic energy drive the islands to coarsen. Motivated by several related studies, we suggest that stable islands should form when a stiff ceiling is placed at a small gap above the film. We show that the role of elasticity is reversed: with the ceiling, the total elastic energy stored in the system increases as the islands coarsen laterally. Consequently, the islands select an equilibrium size to minimize the combined elastic energy and surface energy. In lithographically-induced self-assembly, when a two-phase fluid confined between parallel substrates is subjected to an electric field, one phase can self-assemble into a triangular lattice of islands in another phase. We describe a theory of the stability of the island lattice. The islands select the equilibrium diameter to minimize the combined interface energy and electrostatic energy. Furthermore, we study compressed SiGe thin film islands fabricated on a glass layer, which itself lies on a silicon wafer. Upon annealing, the glass flows, and the islands relax. A small island relaxes by in-plane expansion. A large island, however, wrinkles at the center before the in-plane relaxation arrives. The wrinkles may cause significant tensile stress in the island, leading to fracture. We model the island by the von Karman plate theory and the glass layer by the Reynolds lubrication theory. Numerical simulations evolve the in-plane expansion and the wrinkles simultaneously. We determine the critical island size, below which in-plane expansion prevails over wrinkling. Finally, in devices that integrate dissimilar materials in small dimensions, crack extension in one material often accompanies inelastic deformation in another. We analyze a channel crack advancing in an elastic film under tension, while an underlayer creeps. We use a two-dimensional shear lag model to approximate the three-dimensional fracture process. Based on the computational results, we propose new experiments to measure fracture toughness and creep laws in small structures. Similarly, we study delayed crack initiation, steady crack growth, and transient crack growth when the underlayer is viscoelastic.

Development and characterization of amorphous acrylate networks for use as switchable adhesives inspired from shapememory behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lakhera, Nishant

Several types of insects and animals such as spiders and geckos are inherently able to climb along vertical walls and ceilings. This remarkable switchable adhesive behavior has been attributed to the fibrillar structures on their feet, with size ranging from few nanometers to a few micrometers depending on the species. Several studies have attempted to create synthetic micro-patterned surfaces trying to imitate this adhesive behavior seen in nature. The experimental procedures are scattered, with sole purpose of trying to increase adhesion, thereby making direct comparison between studies very difficult. There is a lack of fundamental understanding on adhesion of patterned surfaces. The influence of critical parameters like material modulus, glass transition temperature, viscoelastic effects, temperature and water absorption on adhesion is not fully explored and characterized. These parameters are expected to have a decisive influence on adhesion behavior of the polymer. Previous studies have utilized conventional "off-the-shelf" materials like epoxy, polyurethanes etc. It is however, impossible to change the material modulus, glass transition temperature etc. of these polymer systems without changing the base constituents itself, thereby explaining the gaps in the current research landscape. The purpose of this study was to use acrylate shape-memory polymers (SMPs) for their ability to be tailored to specific mechanical properties by control of polymer chemistry, without changing the base constituents. Polymer networks with tailorable glass transition, material modulus, water absorption etc. were developed and adhesion studies were performed to investigate the influence of temperature, viscoelastic effects, material modulus on the adhesion behavior of flat acrylate polymer surfaces. The knowledge base gained from these studies was utilized to better understand the fundamental mechanisms associated with adhesion behavior of patterned acrylate surfaces. Thermally induced switchable adhesion and water induced switchable adhesion of patterned acrylate surfaces was investigated. The viscoelastic energy dissipation occurring during the detachment phase was shown to dramatically increase adhesion under both thermally induced and water induced conditions. This effect was most pre-dominant at the glass transition temperature of the material. Increase in pre-load force and unloading velocity were also shown to increase the adhesive capability of the patterned acrylate SMPs.

Provide Fresh Air | Efficient Windows Collaborative

Science.gov Websites

wall - 22% 23% two openings in adjacent walls 37-45% 37-45% 40-51% two openings in opposite walls 35-42 taller the windows and the higher the ceiling, the more pronounced is this effect. Operable skylights or effect, letting hot air escape from the ceiling level where it accumulates and causing cooler air to be

Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in depressed clinical samples.

PubMed

Page, Andrew C; Hooke, Geoffrey R; Morrison, David L

2007-09-01

The psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995a) were examined in depressed psychiatric hospital samples. Three studies administered the DASS and other symptom measures at admission and discharge to consecutive adult hospital patients with a primary diagnosis of depression. Study 3 aimed to address problems with the DASS by extending the response options. Study 1 found that the DASS had good reliability and validity, was moderately sensitive to change, but the Depression Scale exhibited a ceiling effect. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure and the DASS continued to demonstrate good psychometric properties, but the ceiling effect was replicated. Study 3 found that by extending the response scale to include an additional option, the factor structure of the instrument as a whole was maintained, the sensitivity to treatment was increased, but the ceiling effect was only marginally reduced. The psychometric properties of the DASS were sound in clinically depressed samples, but the Depression Scale exhibited a ceiling effect that could not be resolved with minor changes to the scale. Suggestions for revisions of the DASS are made.

Breaking the glass ceiling: structural, cultural, and organizational barriers preventing women from achieving senior and executive positions.

PubMed

Johns, Merida L

2013-01-01

The business case for gender diversity in senior and executive positions is compelling. Studies show that companies that have the best records for promoting women outstrip their competition on every measure of profitability. Yet women disproportionately are failing to attain high-level positions. Reviewing current data on women in the workplace, findings of studies on the relationship between gender diversity in senior management and company performance, and the literature on gender behavioral differences and the workplace, this article explores the possible reasons for the persistent wage and gender gap between women and men in senior leadership positions and discusses possible remedies.

Deep-level diversity and leadership.

PubMed

Klein, Kristen M; Wang, Mo

2010-12-01

In the special issue on Diversity and Leadership (April 2010), the authors made a strong case for the importance of diversity in workplace leadership, rejected premature declarations that workplace discrimination is obsolete, and called for leadership theories that acknowledge and promote the value of diversity. We appreciate all authors' stressing that the glass ceiling still exists, not only for women but for other historically low-power groups as well. We also agree that modern theories of leadership can benefit immensely from increased participation by scholars and practitioners who are not Western, White, upper-class men (Chin, 2010). PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

Evaluation of the Acoustic Measurement Capability of the NASA Langley V/STOL Wind Tunnel Open Test Section with Acoustically Absorbent Ceiling and Floor Treatments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Theobald, M. A.

1978-01-01

The single source location used for helicopter model studies was utilized in a study to determine the distances and directions upstream of the model accurate at which measurements of the direct acoustic field could be obtained. The method used was to measure the decrease of sound pressure levels with distance from a noise source and thereby determine the Hall radius as a function of frequency and direction. Test arrangements and procedures are described. Graphs show the normalized sound pressure level versus distance curves for the glass fiber floor treatment and for the foam floor treatment.

Vapor deposition in basaltic stalactites, Kilauea, Hawaii

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baird, A. K.; Mohrig, D. C.; Welday, E. E.

Basaltic stalacties suspended from the ceiling of a large lava tube at Kilauea, Hawaii, have totally enclosed vesicles whose walls are covered with euhedral FeTi oxide and silicate crystals. The walls of the vesicles and the exterior surfaces of stalactites are Fe and Ti enriched and Si depleted compared to common basalt. Minerals in vesicles have surface ornamentations on crystal faces which include alkali-enriched, aluminosilicate glass(?) hemispheres. No sulfide-, chloride-, fluoride-, phosphate- or carbonate-bearing minerals are present. Minerals in the stalactites must have formed by deposition from an iron oxide-rich vapor phase produced by the partial melting and vaporization of wall rocks in the tube.

Solar space heating system at the Seeley G. Mudd Education Building, Pacific School of Religion, 1798 Scenic Avenue, Berkeley California 94708. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Large areas of south facing glass allow winter sunlight to penetrate the building, while overhangs provide summer shading. High ceilings allow deep penetration of this light for space heating and natural lighting. Massive construction stores solar radiation for evening warmth and provides a buffer from extreme temperature fluctuations. Natural ventilation will provide cooling. The system consists of 720 square feet of roof-mounted, liquid, flat plate solar collectors and three 350 gallon fiberglass storage tanks. The acceptance and performance tests are discussed. Also discusseed are: collector selection, construction contract, costs, and economics.

Breaking through the glass ceiling: The correlation between the self-diffusivity in and krypton permeation through deeply supercooled liquid nanoscale methanol films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, R. Scott; Matthiesen, Jesper; Kay, Bruce D.

2010-03-01

Molecular beam techniques, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) are used to explore the relationship between krypton permeation through and the self-diffusivity of supercooled liquid methanol at temperatures (100-115 K) near the glass transition temperature, Tg (103 K). Layered films, consisting of CH3OH and CD3OH, are deposited on top of a monolayer of Kr on a graphene covered Pt(111) substrate at 25 K. Concurrent Kr TPD and RAIRS spectra are acquired during the heating of the composite film to temperatures above Tg. The CO vibrational stretch is sensitive to the local molecular environment and is used to determine the supercooled liquid diffusivity from the intermixing of the isotopic layers. We find that the Kr permeation and the diffusivity of the supercooled liquid are directly and quantitatively correlated. These results validate the rare-gas permeation technique as a tool for probing the diffusivity of supercooled liquids.

Breaking through the glass ceiling: the correlation between the self-diffusivity in and krypton permeation through deeply supercooled liquid nanoscale methanol films.

PubMed

Smith, R Scott; Matthiesen, Jesper; Kay, Bruce D

2010-03-28

Molecular beam techniques, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) are used to explore the relationship between krypton permeation through and the self-diffusivity of supercooled liquid methanol at temperatures (100-115 K) near the glass transition temperature, T(g) (103 K). Layered films, consisting of CH(3)OH and CD(3)OH, are deposited on top of a monolayer of Kr on a graphene covered Pt(111) substrate at 25 K. Concurrent Kr TPD and RAIRS spectra are acquired during the heating of the composite film to temperatures above T(g). The CO vibrational stretch is sensitive to the local molecular environment and is used to determine the supercooled liquid diffusivity from the intermixing of the isotopic layers. We find that the Kr permeation and the diffusivity of the supercooled liquid are directly and quantitatively correlated. These results validate the rare-gas permeation technique as a tool for probing the diffusivity of supercooled liquids.

The utility of the FIM+FAM for assessing traumatic brain injury day program outcomes.

PubMed

Seel, Ronald T; Wright, Greg; Wallace, Tracey; Newman, Sary; Dennis, Leanne

2007-01-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of the FIM+FAM as a primary outcome measure for traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprehensive day programs. Retrospective data analysis. Single center, TBI comprehensive day program facility. A demographically and regionally diverse sample of 105 persons with moderate or severe TBI admitted to the Shepherd Pathways comprehensive TBI day rehabilitation program. Functional Independence Measure + Functional Assessment Measure (FIM+FAM). Twenty-eight percent or fewer of participants reached ceiling effects on 25 of the 30 FIM+FAM items at day program admission with only 2% of clients rated above ceiling score levels on the FIM+FAM total score. The criteria of Guyatt et al showed that 20 of the 30 FIM+FAM items showed clinically meaningful improvements in 60% or more of clients. On average, clients with TBI improved over 27 points on the FIM+FAM total score. Fifteen of 30 items showed ceiling effects of 33% or less at discharge where only 25% of clients exceeded the FIM+FAM total score ceiling threshold. Discharge FIM+FAM motor scale was a very good predictor of the need for additional single service physical therapy. However, reaching ceiling rating on the FIM+FAM cognitive scale demonstrated poor specificity (0.28) and negative predictive power (0.42) for the need for additional speech/cognitive therapy services. The FIM+FAM demonstrated utility as an outcome measure for TBI comprehensive day program treatment in the current milieu. Future research is required to replicate and extend the current findings.

The effect of low ceiling on the external combustion of the cabin fire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Shichuan; Chen, Changyun; Wang, Liang; Wei, Chengyin; Cui, Haibing; Guo, Chengyu

2018-06-01

External combustion is a phenomenon where the flame flares out of the window and burns outside. Because of the particularity of the ship's cabin structure, there is a great danger in the external combustion. In this paper, the numerical calculation and analysis of three kinds of low ceiling ship cabin fire are analyzed based on the large eddy numerical simulation technique. Through the analysis of temperature, flue gas velocity, heat flux density and so on, the external combustion phenomenon of fire development is calculated. The results show that when external combustion occurs, the amount of fuel escaping decreases with the roof height. The temperature above the window increases with the height of the ceiling. The heat flux density in the external combustion flame is mainly provided by radiation, and convection is only a small part; In the plume area there is a time period, in this time period, the convective heat flux density is greater than the radiation heat flux, this time with the ceiling height increases. No matter which ceiling height, the external combustion will seriously damage the structure of the ship after a certain period of time. The velocity distribution of the three roof is similar, but with the height of the ceiling, the area size is also increasing.

Gender-gaps and glass ceilings: A survey of gender-specific publication trends in Psychiatry between 1994 and 2014.

PubMed

Süßenbacher, S; Amering, M; Gmeiner, A; Schrank, B

2017-07-01

Within academic psychiatry, women are underrepresented in the higher academic ranks. However, basic determinants of women's lack of academic advancement such as publication activity are poorly understood. The present study examines women's publication activity in high-impact psychiatry journals over two decades and reports developments in the numbers of male and female authorship over time and across cultural areas. We conducted a retrospective bibliometric review of all articles published in 2004 and 2014 in three high-ranking general psychiatry journals. Statistical comparisons were made between the two years and with results from a baseline assessment in 1994. The overall percentage of female authors increased from 24.6% in 1994 to 33.2% in 2004 to 38.9% in 2014. Though increases in female authorship were statistically significant for both decades, there was less difference between 2004 and 2014, indicating a possible ceiling effect. Rates of female first authors increased between 1994 and 2014, though to a lesser degree between 2004 and 2014. Numbers of female corresponding authors plateaued between 2004 and 2014. Within Europe, Scandinavia displayed the most balanced gender-wise first author ratios. Western European and Central European countries increased their rates of female first authors substantially between 2004 and 2014. Despite gains in some areas, our study reveals considerable deficits in the diversity of the current academic psychiatric landscape. Ongoing efforts and interventions to enhance the participation of underrepresented groups on institutional, political and editorial levels are necessary to diversify psychiatric research. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Speech interference and transmission on residential balconies with road traffic noise.

PubMed

Naish, Daniel A; Tan, Andy C C; Nur Demirbilek, F

2013-01-01

Balcony acoustic treatments can mitigate the effects of community road traffic noise. To further investigate, a theoretical study into the effects of balcony acoustic treatment combinations on speech interference and transmission is conducted for various street geometries. Nine different balcony types are investigated using a combined specular and diffuse reflection computer model. Diffusion in the model is calculated using the radiosity technique. The balcony types include a standard balcony with or without a ceiling and with various combinations of parapet, ceiling absorption and ceiling shield. A total of 70 balcony and street geometrical configurations are analyzed with each balcony type, resulting in 630 scenarios. In each scenario the reverberation time, speech interference level (SIL) and speech transmission index (STI) are calculated. These indicators are compared to determine trends based on the effects of propagation path, inclusion of opposite buildings and difference with a reference position outside the balcony. The results demonstrate trends in SIL and STI with different balcony types. It is found that an acoustically treated balcony reduces speech interference. A parapet provides the largest improvement, followed by absorption on the ceiling. The largest reductions in speech interference arise when a combination of balcony acoustic treatments are applied.

48 CFR 452.216-74 - Ceiling Price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ceiling Price. 452.216-74... SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 452.216-74 Ceiling Price. As prescribed in 416.670, insert the following clause: Ceiling Price (FEB 1988) The ceiling price of this...

78 FR 25626 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Energy Conservation Standards for Ceiling Fans...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-02

... Light Kits AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION... for residential ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits in the Federal Register. This document... other aspect of the rulemaking for ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits. The comment period is...

Thermal actuation of extinguishing systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evans, D. D.

1984-03-01

A brief review of the Response Time Index (RTI) method of characterizing the thermal response of commercial sprinklers and heat detectors is presented. Measured ceiling layer flow temperature and velocity histories from a bedroom fire test are used to illustrate the use of RTI in calculating sprinkler operation times. In small enclosure fires, a quiescent warm gas layer confined by the room walls may accumulate below the ceiling before sprinkler operation. The effects of this warm gas layer on the fire plume and ceiling jet flows are accounted for by substitution of an equivalent point source fire. Encouraging agreement was found between measured ceiling jet temperatures from steady fires in a laboratory scale cylindrical enclosure put into dimensionless form based on parameters of the substitute fire source, and existing empirical correlations from fire tests in large enclosures in which a quiescent warm upper gas layer does not accumulate.

Technology Solutions Case Study: Duct in Conditioned Space in a Dropped Ceiling or Fur-down, Gainesville, Florida

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2014-09-01

Forced-air distribution systems (duct systems) typically are installed out of sight for aesthetic reasons, most often in unconditioned areas such as attics or crawlspaces. Any leakage of air to or from the duct system in unconditioned space not only loses energy, but impacts home and equipment durability and indoor air quality. An obvious solution is to bring the duct system into the interior of the house, either by sealing the area where the ducts are installed (attic or crawlspace) or by building an interior cavity or chase above the ceiling plane (raised ceiling or fur-up chase) or below the ceilingmore » plane (dropped ceiling or fur-down) for the duct system. In this project, Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction team partnered with Tommy Williams Homes to implement an inexpensive, quick, and effective method of building a fur-down chase.« less

Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Structural, Cultural, and Organizational Barriers Preventing Women from Achieving Senior and Executive Positions

PubMed Central

Johns, Merida L.

2013-01-01

The business case for gender diversity in senior and executive positions is compelling. Studies show that companies that have the best records for promoting women outstrip their competition on every measure of profitability. Yet women disproportionately are failing to attain high-level positions. Reviewing current data on women in the workplace, findings of studies on the relationship between gender diversity in senior management and company performance, and the literature on gender behavioral differences and the workplace, this article explores the possible reasons for the persistent wage and gender gap between women and men in senior leadership positions and discusses possible remedies. PMID:23346029

Application of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement in Exhibition Decoration Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yao

2018-02-01

Through the study of GRC material and its application field, the aesthetic characteristics and functional characteristics of GRC materials are demonstrated. The decorative application and technology of GRC material in an art exhibition center are highlighted. The design, application and construction technology of GRC curtain wall and ceiling board in the interior and exterior decoration of art exhibition hall are discussed in detail. The unique advantages of GRC materials in exhibition engineering decoration are fully reflected. In practical design application, the application principle and method are summarized, and an application procedure is formed. The research proves that GRC materials in the art of building decoration engineering has an underrated advantage.

Study About Ceiling Design for Main Control Room of NPP with HFE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Pengfei; Ni, Ying; Chen, Weihua; Chen, Bo; Zhang, Jianbo; Liang, Huihui

Recently since human factor engineering (HFE) has been used in control room design of nuclear power plant (NPP), the human-machine interface (HMI) has been gradual to develop harmoniously, especially the use of the digital technology. Comparing with the analog technology which was used to human-machine interface in the past, human-machine interaction has been more enhanced. HFE and the main control room (MCR) design engineering of NPP is a combination of multidisciplinary cross, mainly related to electrical and instrument control, reactor, machinery, systems engineering and management disciplines. However, MCR is not only equipped with HMI provided by the equipments, but also more important for the operator to provide a work environment, such as the main control room ceiling. The ceiling design of main control room related to HFE which influences the performance of staff should also be considered in the design of the environment and aesthetic factors, especially the introduction of professional design experience and evaluation method. Based on Ling Ao phase II and Hong Yanhe project implementation experience, the study analyzes lighting effect, space partition, vision load about the ceiling of main control room of NPP. Combining with the requirements of standards, the advantages and disadvantages of the main control room ceiling design has been discussed, and considering the requirements of lightweight, noise reduction, fire prevention, moisture protection, the ceiling design solution of the main control room also has been discussed.

Eagle Hats Mini-Technology Integration Experiment (TIE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-01

exceptionally well on the sample datasets which indicates that we may be seeing a ceiling effect . More study is needed using more difficult datasets in order to...performance. Once again, further analysis is needed to understand what we are seeing in part because of ceiling effects . Another possible problem is that...them would produce radically different policy implementations – clearly an undesirable outcome . This is a simple guilt-by-association model and our

EYE LENS DOSIMETRY FOR FLUOROSCOPICALLY GUIDED CLINICAL PROCEDURES: PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO PROTECTION AND DOSE MONITORING.

PubMed

Martin, Colin J

2016-06-01

Doses to the eye lenses of clinicians undertaking fluoroscopically guided procedures can exceed the dose annual limit of 20 mSv, so optimisation of radiation protection is essential. Ceiling-suspended shields and disposable radiation absorbing pads can reduce eye dose by factors of 2-7. Lead glasses that shield against exposures from the side can lower doses by 2.5-4.5 times. Training in effective use of protective devices is an essential element in achieving good protection and acceptable eye doses. Effective methods for dose monitoring are required to identify protection issues. Dosemeters worn adjacent to the eye provide the better option for interventional clinicians, but an unprotected dosemeter worn at the neck will give an indication of eye dose that is adequate for most interventional staff. Potential requirements for protective devices and dose monitoring can be determined from risk assessments using generic values for dose linked to examination workload. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Rotating shielded crane system

DOEpatents

Commander, John C.

1988-01-01

A rotating, radiation shielded crane system for use in a high radiation test cell, comprises a radiation shielding wall, a cylindrical ceiling made of radiation shielding material and a rotatable crane disposed above the ceiling. The ceiling rests on an annular ledge intergrally attached to the inner surface of the shielding wall. Removable plugs in the ceiling provide access for the crane from the top of the ceiling into the test cell. A seal is provided at the interface between the inner surface of the shielding wall and the ceiling.

Equilibrium Polymerization of Butyl Methacrylate in Bulk and in Nanopore Confinement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Qian; Simon, Sindee

The equilibrium between monomer and polymer in free radical polymerization can be shifted towards monomer under nanoconfinement. This decrease in ceiling temperature is due to a decrease in the entropy associated with the constrained polymer chains, resulting in a larger negative change in entropy of reaction. Here, we investigate the equilibrium polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) in bulk and in nanopore confinement with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as initiator. This system has several advantages compare to the previously studied system of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated with 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN), namely, a reduced rate of reaction, higher boiling point of monomer, and higher initiator utilization temperature range, all of which facilitate the study of the reaction at high temperatures near the ceiling temperature. Interestingly, for BMA, there is no change in limiting conversion between material reacted in bulk and that in controlled pore glass having pore diameters of 7.5 and 50 nm. This unexpected result may be due to the greater flexibility of the PBMA chains compared to PMMA, suggesting that in the BMA/PBMA system, the degree of confinement is relatively low. Future studies will continue to investigate how the entropy change on reaction is affected by confinement.

Choice of rating scale labels: implication for minimizing patient satisfaction response ceiling effect in telemedicine surveys.

PubMed

Masino, Caterina; Lam, Tony C M

2014-12-01

Lack of response variability is problematic in surveys because of its detrimental effects on sensitivity and consequently reliability of the responses. In satisfaction surveys, this problem is caused by the ceiling effect resulting from high satisfaction ratings. A potential solution strategy is to manipulate the labels of the rating scale to create greater discrimination of responses on the high end of the response continuum. This study examined the effects of a positive-centered scale on the distribution and reliability of telemedicine satisfaction responses in a highly positive respondent population. In total, 216 telemedicine participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions as defined by the form of Likert scale: (1) 5-point Balanced Equal-Interval, (2) 5-point Positive-Packed, and (3) 5-point Positive-Centered Equal-Interval. Although the study findings were not statistically significant, partially because of sample size, the distribution and internal consistency reliability of responses occurred in the direction hypothesized. Loading the rating scale with more positive labels appears to be a useful strategy for reducing the ceiling effect and increases the discrimination ability of survey responses. The current research provides a survey design strategy to minimize ceiling effects. Although the findings provide some evidence suggesting the benefit of using rating scales loaded with positive labels, more research is needed to confirm this, as well as extend it to examine other types of rating scales and the interaction between rating scale formats and respondent characteristics.

Comparing the responsiveness of functional outcome assessment measures for trauma registries.

PubMed

Williamson, Owen D; Gabbe, Belinda J; Sutherland, Ann M; Wolfe, Rory; Forbes, Andrew B; Cameron, Peter A

2011-07-01

Measuring long-term disability and functional outcomes after major trauma is not standardized across trauma registries. An ideal measure would be responsive to change but not have significant ceiling effects. The aim of this study was to compare the responsiveness of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), GOS-Extended (GOSE), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and modified FIM in major trauma patients, with and without significant head injuries. Patients admitted to two adult Level I trauma centers in Victoria, Australia, who survived to discharge from hospital, were aged 15 years to 80 years with a blunt mechanism of injury, and had an estimated Injury Severity Score >15 on admission, were recruited for this prospective study. The instruments were administered at baseline (hospital discharge) and by telephone interview 6 months after injury. Measures of responsiveness, including effect sizes, were calculated. Bootstrapping techniques, and floor and ceiling effects, were used to compare the measures. Two hundred forty-three patients participated, of which 234 patients (96%) completed the study. The GOSE and GOS were the most responsive instruments in this major trauma population with effect sizes of 5.3 and 4.4, respectively. The GOSE had the lowest ceiling effect (17%). The GOSE was the instrument with greatest responsiveness and the lowest ceiling effect in a major trauma population with and without significant head injuries and is recommended for use by trauma registries for monitoring functional outcomes and benchmarking care. The results of this study do not support the use of the modified FIM for this purpose.

Technical Characteristics of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test as a Function of Item Arrangement and Basal and Ceiling Rules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Browning, Robert; And Others

1979-01-01

Effects that item order and basal and ceiling rules have on test means, variances, and internal consistency estimates for the Peabody Individual Achievement Test mathematics and reading recognition subtests were examined. Items on the math and reading recognition subtests were significantly easier or harder than test placements indicated. (Author)

The release of lindane from contaminated building materials.

PubMed

Volchek, Konstantin; Thouin, Geneviève; Kuang, Wenxing; Li, Ken; Tezel, F Handan; Brown, Carl E

2014-10-01

The release of the organochlorine pesticide lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) from several types of contaminated building materials was studied to assess inhalation hazard and decontamination requirements in response to accidental and/or intentional spills. The materials included glass, polypropylene carpet, latex-painted drywall, ceramic tiles, vinyl floor tiles, and gypsum ceiling tiles. For each surface concentration, an equilibrium concentration was determined in the vapour phase of the surrounding air. Vapor concentrations depended upon initial surface concentration, temperature, and type of building material. A time-weighted average (TWA) concentration in the air was used to quantify the health risk associated with the inhalation of lindane vapors. Transformation products of lindane, namely α-hexachlorocyclohexane and pentachlorocyclohexene, were detected in the vapour phase at both temperatures and for all of the test materials. Their formation was greater on glass and ceramic tiles, compared to other building materials. An empiric Sips isotherm model was employed to approximate experimental results and to estimate the release of lindane and its transformation products. This helped determine the extent of decontamination required to reduce the surface concentrations of lindane to the levels corresponding to vapor concentrations below TWA.

The quadratic relationship between difficulty of intelligence test items and their correlations with working memory.

PubMed

Smolen, Tomasz; Chuderski, Adam

2015-01-01

Fluid intelligence (Gf) is a crucial cognitive ability that involves abstract reasoning in order to solve novel problems. Recent research demonstrated that Gf strongly depends on the individual effectiveness of working memory (WM). We investigated a popular claim that if the storage capacity underlay the WM-Gf correlation, then such a correlation should increase with an increasing number of items or rules (load) in a Gf-test. As often no such link is observed, on that basis the storage-capacity account is rejected, and alternative accounts of Gf (e.g., related to executive control or processing speed) are proposed. Using both analytical inference and numerical simulations, we demonstrated that the load-dependent change in correlation is primarily a function of the amount of floor/ceiling effect for particular items. Thus, the item-wise WM correlation of a Gf-test depends on its overall difficulty, and the difficulty distribution across its items. When the early test items yield huge ceiling, but the late items do not approach floor, that correlation will increase throughout the test. If the early items locate themselves between ceiling and floor, but the late items approach floor, the respective correlation will decrease. For a hallmark Gf-test, the Raven-test, whose items span from ceiling to floor, the quadratic relationship is expected, and it was shown empirically using a large sample and two types of WMC tasks. In consequence, no changes in correlation due to varying WM/Gf load, or lack of them, can yield an argument for or against any theory of WM/Gf. Moreover, as the mathematical properties of the correlation formula make it relatively immune to ceiling/floor effects for overall moderate correlations, only minor changes (if any) in the WM-Gf correlation should be expected for many psychological tests.

[Comparison of perforated metal ceiling systems (supported airflow ceilings) with laminar airflow ceilings in type A (DIN 1946 T.4) operating rooms under surgical conditions].

PubMed

Bischoff, W E; Kindermann, A; Sander, U; Sander, J

1995-10-01

In eleven centrally ventilated operating theatres the concentration of particles and airborne germs in wound vicinity was measured on three workdays. Five theatres were equipped with air supply ceilings with supporting flow outlets (supporting flow ceilings), five with laminar air flow ceilings and one with an air supply ceiling, a body exhaust system and a partition wall between the anesthetic and operating areas. Under routine conditions the air supply of the laminar air flow ceiling with its lower turbulence shielded the operating field from the largely staff-related air contamination in the rest of the theatre better than in the case of the supporting flow ceilings. Particles and airborne germs were removed from the endangered wound area faster. A spatial separation between the anesthetic and the operating areas as well as a body exhaust system lead to a considerable reduction of the contamination. Two theatres were conspicuous by reason of their considerably raised values due to defective control engineering and the wrongly positioning of the operating table. From the point of view of ventilation technique the laminar air flow ceilings with lower turbulence are superior to air supply ceilings with supporting flow outlets in the working day of an operating theatre. In order to minimize the influence of the staff, which up till now has been neglected in testing specifications, constructional possibilities such as the size of ceiling, the partitioning off of operating and anaesthetic areas and the positioning of the operating table in relation to the incoming air should be coordinated rationally. Taking measurements regularly during operations can provide the impulse for considerable improvements in both operational and planning phases.

GROWTH EVALUATION OF FUNGI (PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS SPP.) ON CEILING TILES

EPA Science Inventory

The paper gives results of an evaluation of the potential for fungal growth on four different ceiling tiles in static chambers. It was found that even new ceiling tiles supported fungal growth under favorable conditions. Used ceiling tiles appeared to be more susceptible to funga...

Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Increasing the Meaningful Involvement of Women Living With HIV/AIDS (MIWA) in the Design and Delivery of HIV/AIDS Services.

PubMed

Carter, Allison; Greene, Saara; Nicholson, Valerie; O'Brien, Nadia; Sanchez, Margarite; de Pokomandy, Alexandra; Loutfy, Mona; Kaida, Angela

2015-01-01

The meaningful involvement of women living with HIV/AIDS (MIWA) is a key feature of women-centred HIV care, yet little is known about transforming MIWA from principle to practice. Drawing on focus group data from the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS), we explored HIV-positive women's meaningful involvement in the design and delivery of HIV/AIDS services in British Columbia, Canada. In this article, we highlight the benefits and tensions that emerge as women traverse multiple roles as service users and service providers within their care communities, and the impact this has on their access to care and overall health.

The glass ceiling is not fragile: A response to Odum (2000).

PubMed

McSweeney, F K; Swindell, S

2001-01-01

Odum (2000) criticized our recent conclusions about the participation of women in the experimental analysis of behavior (McSweeney & Swindell, 1998). We address her criticisms here. We argue against the need for statistical tests. We show that our conclusions still apply to all journals except the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior even when we include the senior editorial staff along with members of the editorial board. We argue that the data that Odum provides to show gender equity are limited, inconsistent with past findings, and hard to interpret in the absence of other data. Finally, we argue that Odum failed to address our most convincing argument for gender inequity and misinterpreted our suggestions for improvements.

Numerical Investigation of Upper-Room UVGI Disinfection Efficacy in an Environmental Chamber with a Ceiling Fan†

PubMed Central

Zhu, Shengwei; Srebric, Jelena; Rudnick, Stephen N.; Vincent, Richard L.; Nardell, Edward A.

2013-01-01

This study investigated the disinfection efficacy of the upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UR-UVGI) system with ceiling fans. The investigation used the steady-state Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to solve the rotation of ceiling fan with a rotating reference frame. Two ambient air exchange rates, 2 ACH and 6 ACH (air changes per hour), and four downward fan rotational speeds, 0 rpm, 80 rpm, 150 rpm, and 235 rpm were considered. Additionally, the passive scalar concentration simulations incorporated ultraviolet (UV) dose by two methods: one based on the total exposure time and average UV fluence rate, and another based on SVE3* (New Scale for Ventilation Efficiency 3), originally defined to evaluate the mean age of the air from an air supply opening. Overall, the CFD results enabled the evaluation of UR-UVGI disinfection efficacy using different indices, including the fraction of remaining microorganisms, equivalent air exchange rate, UR-UVGI effectiveness, and tuberculosis infection probability by the Wells-Riley equation. The results indicated that air exchange rate was the decisive factor for determining UR-UVGI performance in disinfecting indoor air. Using a ceiling fan could also improve the performance in general. Furthermore, the results clarified the mechanism for the ceiling fan to influence UR-UVGI disinfection efficacy. PMID:23311354

Jefferson Proving Ground, South of the Firing Line, Final Asbestos Survey Summary Report. Volume 3. Buildings 230 through 475

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

interior is finished with plaster or wallboard (i.e., sheetrock, drywall, gypsum board , etc.) walls and ceilings, "cheese-cloth" wall and ceiling lining...with wallboard (i.e., sheetrock, drywall, gypsum board , etc.) walls and ceilings, acoustical ceiling panels/tiles, and vinyl tile or bare concrete...finished with wallboard (i.e., sheetrock, drywall, gypsum board , etc.) walls and ceilings, and vinyl tile or bare concrete floors. "* No fireproofing or

Energy-efficient skylight structure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dame, J.V.

1988-03-29

This patent describes an energy-efficient skylight structure for attaching to a ceiling having a hole therein. The structure includes a roof membrane of light translucent material. The improvement comprises: a framework being larger in size than the hole in the ceiling, the framework adapted to receive a light-diffusing panel; means for attaching the framework over the hole in the ceiling to support beams for the ceiling; gasket means between the framework and the ceiling for sealing the framework to the ceiling around the hole; a light-diffusing panel held by the framework; sealing means between the light-diffusing panel and the frameworkmore » for sealing the perimeter of the light diffusing panel to the framework; and a light-channeling means attached at one end to the ceiling around the opening on the side opposite the framework and at the other end around the light translucent material of the roof membrane.« less

48 CFR 1352.216-77 - Ceiling price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ceiling price. 1352.216-77... SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 1352.216-77 Ceiling price. As prescribed in 48 CFR 1316.601-70 and 1316.602-70, insert the following clause: Ceiling Price (APR 2010) The...

17. Detail view of ceiling and beams on third floor ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Detail view of ceiling and beams on third floor of south section of mill. Note the broom attached to the ceiling, which was used to sweep the leather belts used for power transmission, and the bearing pads bolted to the ceiling as well. - Lowe Mill, Eighth Avenue, Southwest, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

46 CFR 72.05-15 - Ceilings, linings, trim, and decorations in accommodation spaces and safety areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ceilings, linings, trim, and decorations in... Ceilings, linings, trim, and decorations in accommodation spaces and safety areas. (a) Ceilings and linings... volume of combustible face trim, moldings, and decorations, including veneers, in any compartment shall...

46 CFR 72.05-15 - Ceilings, linings, trim, and decorations in accommodation spaces and safety areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ceilings, linings, trim, and decorations in... Ceilings, linings, trim, and decorations in accommodation spaces and safety areas. (a) Ceilings and linings... volume of combustible face trim, moldings, and decorations, including veneers, in any compartment shall...

10 CFR 429.33 - Ceiling fan light kits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Ceiling fan light kits. 429.33 Section 429.33 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.33 Ceiling fan light kits. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to ceiling fan light kits...

10 CFR 429.33 - Ceiling fan light kits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ceiling fan light kits. 429.33 Section 429.33 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.33 Ceiling fan light kits. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to ceiling fan light kits...

10 CFR 429.33 - Ceiling fan light kits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ceiling fan light kits. 429.33 Section 429.33 Energy... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Certification § 429.33 Ceiling fan light kits. (a) Sampling plan for selection of units for testing. (1) The requirements of § 429.11 are applicable to ceiling fan light kits...

EXTENDING THE FLOOR AND THE CEILING FOR ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL FUNCTION

PubMed Central

Fries, James F.; Lingala, Bharathi; Siemons, Liseth; Glas, Cees A. W.; Cella, David; Hussain, Yusra N; Bruce, Bonnie; Krishnan, Eswar

2014-01-01

Objective The objective of the current study was to improve the assessment of physical function by improving the precision of assessment at the floor (extremely poor function) and at the ceiling (extremely good health) of the health continuum. Methods Under the NIH PROMIS program, we developed new physical function floor and ceiling items to supplement the existing item bank. Using item response theory (IRT) and the standard PROMIS methodology, we developed 30 floor items and 26 ceiling items and administered them during a 12-month prospective observational study of 737 individuals at the extremes of health status. Change over time was compared across anchor instruments and across items by means of effect sizes. Using the observed changes in scores, we back-calculated sample size requirements for the new and comparison measures. Results We studied 444 subjects with chronic illness and/or extreme age, and 293 generally fit subjects including athletes in training. IRT analyses confirmed that the new floor and ceiling items outperformed reference items (p<0.001). The estimated post-hoc sample size requirements were reduced by a factor of two to four at the floor and a factor of two at the ceiling. Conclusion Extending the range of physical function measurement can substantially improve measurement quality, can reduce sample size requirements and improve research efficiency. The paradigm shift from Disability to Physical Function includes the entire spectrum of physical function, signals improvement in the conceptual base of outcome assessment, and may be transformative as medical goals more closely approach societal goals for health. PMID:24782194

Violations of the ceiling principle: exact conditions and statistical evidence.

PubMed Central

Slimowitz, J R; Cohen, J E

1993-01-01

The National Research Council recommended the use of the ceiling principle in forensic applications of DNA testing on the grounds that the ceiling principle was believed to be "conservative," giving estimates greater than or equal to the actual genotype frequencies in the appropriate reference population. We show here that the ceiling principle can fail to be conservative in a population with two subpopulations and two loci, each with two alleles at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if there is some linkage disequilibrium between loci. We also show that the ceiling principle can fail in a population with two subpopulations and a single locus with two alleles if Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not hold. We give explicit analytical formulas to describe when the ceiling principle fails. By showing that the ceiling principle is not always mathematically reliable, this analysis gives users of the ceiling principle the responsibility of demonstrating that it is conservative for the particular data with which it is used. Our reanalysis of VNTR data bases of the FBI provides compelling evidence of two-locus associations within three major ethnic groups (Caucasian, black, and Hispanic) in the United States, even though the loci tested are located on different chromosomes. Before the ceiling principle is implemented, more research should be done to determine whether it may be violated in practice. PMID:8328450

WOMAC and SF-36: instruments for evaluating the health-related quality of life of elderly people with total hip arthroplasty. A descriptive study.

PubMed

Rampazo-Lacativa, Mariana Kátia; Santos, Ariene Angelini dos; Coimbra, Arlete Maria Valente; D'Elboux, Maria José

2015-01-01

Quality-of-life results have increasingly been evaluated among patients undergoing joint replacements. The objective of this study was to compare two assessment instruments for health-related quality of life (one generic and the other specific), among elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Cross-sectional descriptive study in a reference hospital in the region of Campinas. The subjects were 88 elderly outpatients aged 60 years or over who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. Two instruments for assessing health-related quality of life were applied: the generic Medical Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the specific Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Cronbach's alpha and the ceiling and floor effects of the instruments were evaluated. The scores from both instruments showed that issues of a physical nature affected these elderly people's quality of life most. The pain and stiffness dimensions of WOMAC showed ceiling effects and only the functional capacity and pain dimensions of the SF-36 did not show the ceiling effect. The SF-36 presented floor effects in the dimensions of physical and emotional aspects. Cronbach's alpha was considered satisfactory in both instruments (α > 0.70). The floor and ceiling effects that were observed suggest that these instruments may present some limitations in detecting changes to the majority of the SF-36 dimensions, except for functional capacity and pain, and to the pain and stiffness dimensions of WOMAC, when applied to elderly people with total hip arthroplasty.

The Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 outcome measure is superior to UK FIM+FAM in a British military population.

PubMed

McGilloway, Emer; Mitchell, James; Dharm-Datta, Shreshth; Roberts, Andrew; Tilley, Haydn; Etherington, John

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to identify the most appropriate rehabilitation outcome measure for use in a young adult population with acquired brain injury. A 2-year prospective study of patients admitted to a UK military neuro-rehabilitation unit with acquired brain injury to compare the appropriateness of the Functional Independence Measure/Functional Assessment Measure (FIM+FAM) vs the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory Version 4 (MPAI-4) in assessing outcomes. Patients were assessed at admission, discharge and at 4-month follow-up using FIM+FAM and MPAI-4. The FIM+FAM total motor score showed a marked ceiling affect, 42% of patients scored the maximum on admission rising to 80% at discharge. The MPAI-4 did not show significant ceiling effects. The other sub-scales of FIM+FAM and MPAI-4 were generally comparable, no more than 17% achieved ceiling at follow-up. This is the first comparative study of FIM+FAM and MPAI-4 in a young adult military population following acquired brain injury. All patients showed improvements in both outcome measures following intensive inpatient rehabilitation. However, the MPAI-4 did not show ceiling effects in motor scores. This measure was, therefore, found to be more appropriate in the cohort.

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb132.prob_3hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

] prob <9654 032 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <152.5 033 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <305 034 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <610 035 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <914.6 036

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb216.prob_3hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

] prob <9654 032 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <152.5 033 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <305 034 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <610 035 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <914.6 036

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb243.prob_3hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

] prob <9654 032 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <152.5 033 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <305 034 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <610 035 cloud ceiling HGT analysis Geopotential Height [prob] prob <914.6 036

10. View (looking west) of the ground floor in the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. View (looking west) of the ground floor in the south segment of the building. The door opening is on the Central Avenue sidewalk. The ground floor had two noteworthy pressed-steel ceilings, an elaborate one in the larger west room and a plain one in the smaller 'back room.' Most of the elaborate ceiling panels were removed when a suspended ceiling (here removed) was installed. The plain ceiling is still in-tact above the suspended ceiling. Credit GADA/MRM. - Stroud Building, 31-33 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

[Hygienic Inspections of Ventilation Systems Under Resting Conditions (According to DIN 1946-4:1999-03) - A Retrospective Assessment].

PubMed

Friedrich, Lena; Boeckelmann, Irina

2018-01-11

Hygienic and microbiologically sterile air quality is essential for successful guideline-based work in operating theatres. To ensure clean air and to reduce contamination during surgery, ventilation systems are indispensable. Ventilation systems should be especially designed to keep the number of particles and germs under statutory limits. Therefore, they must be operated to recognised standards of good practice and be periodically inspected and maintained. The objective of this study was to prove, through the analysis of observation outside surgery time (rest condition), the effects of ventilation systems on air quality in a medical facility. Measurements were taken in 34 operating theatres annually over a period of ten years outside surgery time (resting condition) but with the air ventilation system operating under full load. 29 operating theatres were provided with laminar air flow and five theatres with turbulent air flow systems. In each operating theatre, air cleanliness was analysed by measuring the amount of airborne particles and airborne germs. Measuring points were determined 10 mm beneath the supply-air ceiling in the centre of the operating theatre and at one position outside the supply-air ceiling. The number of airborne particles at the supply-air ceiling was between 0/m³ and 4,441/m³ of air and, as such, the limiting factor was never exceeded. However, airborne germ measurements of between 0 CFU/m³ and 200 CFU/m³ (CFU: colony forming units) demonstrated that the limiting factor for this criterion was exceeded in 10.9% of occasions. In general, the values in the middle of the room were higher than at the supply-air ceiling. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) between the values at the supply-air ceiling, the surgery table and the values outside the supply-air ceiling. The results show the positive impact of ventilation systems on the air cleanliness in operating theatres. However, laminar airflow systems seem to create cleaner air than conventional ventilation systems. The size of the supply-air ceiling plays an important role in the prevention of the contamination of the staff, the surgical field, the instrument table and the patient. However, the effect on surgical site infections has not been verified. Improved measuring methods should be considered. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

When is category specific in Alzheimer's disease?

PubMed

Laws, Keith R; Gale, Tim M; Leeson, Verity C; Crawford, John R

2005-08-01

Mixed findings have emerged concerning whether category-specific disorders occur in Alzheimer's disease. Factors that may contribute to these inconsistencies include: ceiling effects/skewed distributions for control data in some studies; differences in the severity of cognitive deficit in patients; and differences in the type of analysis (in particular, if and how controls are used to analyse single case data). We examined picture naming in Alzheimer's patients and matched elderly healthy normal controls in three experiments. These experiments used stimuli that did and did not produce ceiling effects/skewed data in controls. In Experiment 1, we examined for category effects in individual DAT patients using commonly used analyses for single cases (chi2 and z-scores). The different techniques produced quite different outcomes. In Experiment 2a, we used the same techniques on a different group of patients with similar outcomes. Finally, in Experiment 2b, we examined the same patients but (a) used stimuli that did not produce ceiling effects/skewed distributions in healthy controls, and (b) used statistical methods that did not treat the control sample as a population. We found that ceiling effects in controls may markedly inflate the incidence of dissociations in which living things are differentially impaired and seriously underestimate dissociations in the opposite direction. In addition, methods that treat the control sample as a population led to inflation in the overall number of dissociations detected. These findings have implications for the reliability of category effects previously reported both in Alzheimer patients and in other pathologies. In particular, they suggest that the greater proportion of living than nonliving deficits reported in the literature may be an artifact of the methods used.

Ceiling effect in EMR system assimilation: a multiple case study in primary care family practices.

PubMed

Trudel, Marie-Claude; Marsan, Josianne; Paré, Guy; Raymond, Louis; Ortiz de Guinea, Ana; Maillet, Éric; Micheneau, Thomas

2017-04-20

There has been indisputable growth in adoption of electronic medical record (EMR) systems in the recent years. However, physicians' progress in using these systems has stagnated when measured with maturity scales. While this so-called ceiling effect has been observed and its consequences described in previous studies, there is a paucity of research on the elements that could explain such an outcome. We first suggest that in the context of EMR systems we are in presence of a "tiered ceiling effect" and then we show why such phenomenon occurs. We conducted in-depth case studies in three primary care medical practices in Canada where physicians had been using EMR systems for 3 years or more. A total of 37 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants: family physicians (about half of the interviews), nurses, secretaries, and administrative managers. Additional information was obtained through notes taken during observations of users interacting with their EMR systems and consultation of relevant documents at each site. We used abductive reasoning to infer explanations of the observed phenomenon by going back and forth between the case data and conceptual insights. Our analysis shows that a ceiling effect has taken place in the three clinics. We identified a set of conditions preventing the users from overcoming the ceiling. In adopting an EMR system, all three clinics essentially sought improved operational efficiency. This had an influence on the criteria used to assess the systems available on the market and eventually led to the adoption of a system that met the specified criteria without being optimal. Later, training sessions focussed on basic functionalities that minimally disturbed physicians' habits while helping their medical practices become more efficient. Satisfied with the outcome of their system use, physicians were likely to ignore more advanced EMR system functionalities. This was because their knowledge about EMR systems came almost exclusively from a single source of information: their EMR system vendors. This knowledge took the form of interpretations of what the innovation was (know-what), with little consideration of the rationales for innovation adoption (know-why) or hands-on strategies for adopting, implementing and assimilating the innovation in the organization (know-how). This paper provides a holistic view of the technological innovation process in primary care and contends that limited learning, satisficing behaviours and organizational inertia are important factors leading to the ceiling effect frequently experienced in the EMR system assimilation phase.

Analysis of Rapidly Developing Low Cloud Ceilings in a Stable Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wheeler, Mark M.; Case, Jonathan L.

2005-01-01

This report describes the work done by the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) in developing a database of days that experienced rapid (< 90 minutes) low cloud formation in a stable atmosphere, resulting in ceilings at the Shuttle Landing Facility (TTS) that violated Space Shuttle Flight Rules (FR). The meteorological conditions favoring the rapid formation of low ceilings include the presence of any inversion below 8000 ft, high relative humidity beneath the inversion, and a clockwise turning of the winds from the surface to the middle troposphere (approx. 15000 ft). The AMU compared and contrasted the atmospheric and thermodynamic conditions between days with rapid low ceiling formation and days with low ceiling resulting from other mechanism. The AMU found that the vertical wind profile is the probable discerning factor between the rapidly-forming ceiling days and other low ceiling days at TTS. Most rapidly-developing low ceiling days had a clockwise turning of the winds with height, whereas other low ceiling days typically had a counter-clockwise turning of the winds with height or negligible vertical wind shear. Forecasters at the Space Meteorology Group (SMG) issue 30 to 90 minute forecasts for low cloud ceilings at TTS to support Space Shuttle landings. Mission verification statistics have shown ceilings to be the number one forecast challenge. More specifically, forecasters at SMG are concerned with any rapidly developing clouds ceilings below 8000 ft in a stable, capped thermodynamic environment, Therefore, the AMU was tasked to examine archived events of rapid stable cloud formation resulting in ceilings below 8000 ft, and document the atmospheric regimes favoring this type of cloud development. The AMU examined the cool season months of November to March during the years of 1993-2003 for days that had low-level inversions and rapid, stable low cloud formation that resulted in ceilings violating the Space Shuttle FR. The AMU wrote and modified existing code to identify inversions from the morning Cape Canaveral, FL rawinsonde (XMR) during the cool season and output pertinent sounding information. They parsed all days with cloud ceilings below 8000 ft at TTS, forming a database of possible rapidly-developing low ceiling events. Days with precipitation or noticeable fog bum-off situations were excluded from the database. Only the daytime hours were examined for possible ceiling development events since low clouds are easier to diagnose with visible satellite imagery. Follow-on work would expand the database to include nighttime cases, using a special enhancement of the infrared imagery for identifying areas of low clouds. The report presents two sample cases of rapidly-developing low cloud ceilings. These cases depict the representative meteorological and thermodynamic characteristics of such events. The cases also illustrate how quickly the cloud decks can develop, sometimes forming in 30 minutes or less. The report also summarizes the composite meteorological conditions for 20 event days with rapid low cloud ceiling formation and 48 non-events days consisting of advection or widespread low cloud ceilings. The meteorological conditions were quite similar for both the event and non-event days, since both types of days experienced low cloud ceilings. Both types of days had a relatively moist environment beneath the inversion based below 8000 ft. In the 20 events identified, de onset of low ceilings occurred between 1200-1800 UTC in every instance. The distinguishing factor between the event and non-event days appears to be the vertical wind profile in the XMR sounding. Eighty-five percent of the event days had a clockwise turning of the winds with height in the lower to middle troposphere whereas 83% of the non-events had a counter-clockwise turning of the winds with height or negligible vertical wind shear. A clockwise turning of the winds with height indicates a warm advection regime, which supports large-scale rising motn and possible cloud formation. Meanwhile, a counter-clockwise turning of the winds with height indicates cold advection or sinking motion in a post-cold frontal environment.

Numerical simulation study on air quality in aircraft cabins.

PubMed

Zhao, Yingjie; Dai, Bingrong; Yu, Qi; Si, Haiqing; Yu, Gang

2017-06-01

Air pollution is one of the main factors that affect the air quality in aircraft cabins, and the use of different air supply modes could influence the distribution of air pollutants in cabins. Based on the traditional ceiling air supply mode used on the B737NG, this study investigated another 3 different kinds of air supply modes for comparison: luggage rack air supply mode, joint mode combining ceiling and luggage rack air supply, and joint mode combining ceiling and individual air supply. Under the above 4 air supply modes, the air velocity, temperature and distribution of air pollutants in a cabin full of passengers were studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and formaldehyde were selected as 2 kinds of representative air pollutants. The simulation results show that the joint mode combining ceiling and individual air supply can create a more uniform distribution of air velocity and temperature, has a better effect on the removal of CO 2 and formaldehyde, and can provide better air quality in cabins than the other 3 modes. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Postoperative Perfection: Ceiling Effects and Lack of Discrimination With Both SRS-22 and -24 Outcomes Instruments in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

PubMed

Bastrom, Tracey P; Bartley, Carrie; Marks, Michelle C; Yaszay, Burt; Newton, Peter O

2015-12-01

Review of a prospective database registry. To compare the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 and SRS-24 outcomes instruments in terms of scores, rate of ceiling effects, and discriminant ability in patients with pre- and postoperative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Despite improvements noted with the SRS-22, the SRS-24 is still occasionally used prospectively and for comparisons with previous studies reporting SRS-24 scores. Previous work has demonstrated that postoperative scores from the 2 versions are not interchangeable. A multicenter prospective registry of patients who underwent surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was queried for preoperative and 2-year postoperative SRS-22 and SRS-24 scores. Scores were compared between versions and ceiling effects were identified. Groups of deformity severity were created to evaluate discriminant ability. 829 patients were identified. The SRS-22 scores for pain and general function were significantly greater than SRS-24 scores (P < 0.001), whereas the SRS-22 scores were significantly lower than the SRS-24 for self-image (P < 0.001). Preoperative ceiling effect was only noted in 1 domain each. Both versions were able to discriminate between large (80°+) and small (<45°) preoperative curves in all domains and total scores (P < 0.05). Postoperatively, the SRS-22 scores for all shared domains and total score were significantly greater than SRS-24 scores (P < 0.001). Ceiling effects in 5 of 5 domain scores were noted postoperatively for SRS-22 and in 4 of 7 for SRS-24. With a smaller range of deformity postoperatively, only the SRS-22 self-image domain was able to discriminate between large (29°+) and small (≤11°) residual curves (P < 0.05). Scores obtained by the SRS-22 and the SRS-24 are not translatable despite shared domains. Whereas both versions demonstrated preoperative discriminant ability, postoperative discrimination of residual deformity is lacking in both. Patient-reported outcomes of treatment are crucial in advancing treatment, and improvement in the ability to assess subjective outcomes is essential. 3.

Climatic and technological ceilings for Chinese rice stagnation based on yield gaps and yield trend pattern analysis.

PubMed

Zhang, Tianyi; Yang, Xiaoguang; Wang, Hesong; Li, Yong; Ye, Qing

2014-04-01

Climatic or technological ceilings could cause yield stagnation. Thus, identifying the principal reasons for yield stagnation within the context of the local climate and socio-economic conditions are essential for informing regional agricultural policies. In this study, we identified the climatic and technological ceilings for seven rice-production regions in China based on yield gaps and on a yield trend pattern analysis for the period 1980-2010. The results indicate that 54.9% of the counties sampled experienced yield stagnation since the 1980. The potential yield ceilings in northern and eastern China decreased to a greater extent than in other regions due to the accompanying climate effects of increases in temperature and decreases in radiation. This may be associated with yield stagnation and halt occurring in approximately 49.8-57.0% of the sampled counties in these areas. South-western China exhibited a promising scope for yield improvement, showing the greatest yield gap (30.6%), whereas the yields were stagnant in 58.4% of the sampled counties. This finding suggests that efforts to overcome the technological ceiling must be given priority so that the available exploitable yield gap can be achieved. North-eastern China, however, represents a noteworthy exception. In the north-central area of this region, climate change has increased the yield potential ceiling, and this increase has been accompanied by the most rapid increase in actual yield: 1.02 ton ha(-1) per decade. Therefore, north-eastern China shows a great potential for rice production, which is favoured by the current climate conditions and available technology level. Additional environmentally friendly economic incentives might be considered in this region. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[Impact of passing items above the ceiling on the assessment results of Peabody developmental motor scales].

PubMed

Zhao, Gai; Bian, Yang; Li, Ming

2013-12-18

To analyze the impact of passing items above the roof level in the gross motor subtest of Peabody development motor scales (PDMS-2) on its assessment results. In the subtests of PDMS-2, 124 children from 1.2 to 71 months were administered. Except for the original scoring method, a new scoring method which includes passing items above the ceiling were developed. The standard scores and quotients of the two scoring methods were compared using the independent-samples t test. Only one child could pass the items above the ceiling in the stationary subtest, 19 children in the locomotion subtest, and 17 children in the visual-motor integration subtest. When the scores of these passing items were included in the raw scores, the total raw scores got the added points of 1-12, the standard scores added 0-1 points and the motor quotients added 0-3 points. The diagnostic classification was changed only in two children. There was no significant difference between those two methods about motor quotients or standard scores in the specific subtest (P>0.05). The passing items above a ceiling of PDMS-2 isn't a rare situation. It usually takes place in the locomotion subtest and visual-motor integration subtest. Including these passing items into the scoring system will not make significant difference in the standard scores of the subtests or the developmental motor quotients (DMQ), which supports the original setting of a ceiling established by upassing 3 items in a row. However, putting the passing items above the ceiling into the raw score will improve tracking of children's developmental trajectory and intervention effects.

Architectural Survey of Pence Elementary School, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

classroom floors , replacement acoustical tile drop ceilings, both original pendent ceiling light fixtures and replacement light fixtures, replacement wood...fixed pane transoms above, original door hardware, acoustical tile drop-ceiling, asbestos tile floor , and a metal radiator cover (photos 38-40...119). The corridors have acoustical tile drop-ceilings, concrete block walls, and asbestos tile floors (photo 44). There are several push-pin cork

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb212.prob_1hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

032 cloud ceiling HGT 1 hour fcst Geopotential Height [prob] prob <152.5 033 cloud ceiling HGT 1 hour fcst Geopotential Height [prob] prob <305 034 cloud ceiling HGT 1 hour fcst Geopotential Height [prob] prob <610 035 cloud ceiling HGT 1 hour fcst Geopotential Height [prob] prob <914.6 036

Brazilian version of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment: validity, agreement and reliability.

PubMed

Lima, Daniela H F; Queiroz, Ana P; De Salvo, Geovana; Yoneyama, Simone M; Oberg, Telma D; Lima, Núbia M F V

2010-01-01

To investigate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, construct validity and internal consistency of the Brazilian version of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment for Stroke Patients (NSA). The instrument was translated into Portuguese from its original in English by a bilingual translator and was then back-translated into English. Twenty-one hemiparetics were evaluated by two examiners using the NSA and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of physical performance. Significant correlation were found between the FMA and the NSA (r=0.752). The NSA showed excellent internal consistency (0.86), and there were acceptable inter- and intra-rater reliability for all items of the NSA, except temperature. Significant ceiling effects were found for the NSA and the FMA. The Brazilian version of the NSA met the criteria for agreement, internal consistency and concurrent validity. It was quick and easy to apply, and it could be used within clinical practice in neuro-rehabilitation outpatient clinics to assess sensory functions following stroke. The significant ceiling effect for the NSA did not limit its use, given that for the same patients, the FMA also showed ceiling effects.

Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose.

PubMed

Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera; Carinou, Eleftheria; Ferrari, Paolo; Gingaume, Merce; Merce, Marta Sans; O'Connor, Una

2016-11-01

Occupational exposure from interventional x-ray procedures is one of the areas in which increased eye lens exposure may occur. Accurate dosimetry is an important element to investigate the correlation of observed radiation effects with radiation dose, to verify the compliance with regulatory dose limits, and to optimize radiation protection practice. The objective of this work is to review eye lens dose levels in clinical practice that may occur from the use of ionizing radiation. The use of a dedicated eye lens dosimeter is the recommended methodology; however, in practice it cannot always be easily implemented. Alternatively, the eye lens dose could be assessed from measurements of other dosimetric quantities or other indirect parameters, such as patient dose. The practical implementation of monitoring eye lens doses and the use of adequate protective equipment still remains a challenge. The use of lead glasses with a good fit to the face, appropriate lateral coverage, and/or ceiling-suspended screens is recommended in workplaces with potential high eye lens doses. Copyright © 2016 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Women at the top: powerful leaders define success as work + family in a culture of gender.

PubMed

Cheung, Fanny M; Halpern, Diane F

2010-04-01

How do women rise to the top of their professions when they also have significant family care responsibilities? This critical question has not been addressed by existing models of leadership. In a review of recent research, we explore an alternative model to the usual notion of a Western male as the prototypical leader. The model includes (a) relationship-oriented leadership traits, (b) the importance of teamwork and consensus building, and (c) an effective work-family interface that women with family care responsibilities create and use to break through the glass ceiling. We adopted a cross-cultural perspective to highlight the importance of relational orientation and work-family integration in collectivistic cultures, which supplements models of leadership based on Western men. Our expanded model of leadership operates in the context of a "culture of gender" that defines expectations for women and men as leaders. This complex model includes women in diverse global contexts and enriches our understanding of the interplay among personal attributes, processes, and environments in leadership. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

A Lewis acid β-diiminato-zinc-complex as all-rounder for co- and terpolymerisation of various epoxides with carbon dioxide.

PubMed

Reiter, M; Vagin, S; Kronast, A; Jandl, C; Rieger, B

2017-03-01

A β-diiminato-zinc-N(SiMe 3 ) 2 complex ( 1 ) was synthesised and fully characterised, including an X-ray diffraction study. The activity of catalyst 1 towards the coupling reaction of CO 2 and various epoxides, including propylene oxide (PO), cyclohexene oxide (CHO), styrene oxide (SO), limonene oxide (LO), octene oxide (OO) and epichlorohydrin (ECH), was investigated. Terpolymerisation of CO 2 , PO and LO, as well as CO 2 , CHO and PO, was successfully realised, resulting in polymers with adjustable glass transition temperatures and transparencies. Reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure and catalyst concentration were varied to find the optimal reaction values, especially regarding LO/CO 2 . In situ IR experiments hinted that at 60 °C and a critical LO concentration, polymerisation and depolymerisation are in an equilibrium (ceiling effect). Pressurising catalyst 1 with carbon dioxide resulted in a dimeric catalyst ( 2 ) with a OSiMe 3 group as a new initiator. Homopolymerisation of different epoxides was carried out in order to explain the reactivity concerning copolymerisation reaction of CO 2 and epoxides.

View of Powell Library main reading room ceiling; suspension system ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of Powell Library main reading room ceiling; suspension system above ceiling showing close-up connection. - University of California Los Angeles, Powell Library, Westwood, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA

Moon Illusion: An Event in Imaginary Space.

PubMed

Gruber, H E; King, W L; Link, S

1963-02-22

The illusion was obtained with artificial moons viewed against a luminous ceiling, and also with an imaginary ceiling induced by first showing a luminous ceiling and then removing it before the moons were introduced.

Lung cancer from asbestos textured ceilings: a case study.

PubMed

Dahlgren, James G; Talbott, Patrick J

2016-04-01

Asbestos was used in spray applied textured ceilings from 1945 to at least 1980. Exposure to asbestos and the probability of developing lung disease is high in individuals who lived with these types of ceilings in their home. Asbestos exposure and frequency of disease is even higher in an apartment suffering from flooding, maintenance, and/or multiple structural impacts. Our goal is to examine a case of lung cancer in a non-smoking individual exposed to asbestos from the damaged acoustic ceilings in her apartment. The subject's medical and occupational records were obtained and reviewed and a physical examination was performed. Exposure ratings were obtained from previous literature for discussion purposes. Asbestos-textured ceilings are a possible source of asbestos exposure and there may be a risk of developing cancer in individuals exposed to ceiling deterioration.

Stable Low Cloud Phase II: Nocturnal Event Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauman, William H., III; Barrett, Joe, III

2007-01-01

This report describes the work done by the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) in developing a database of nights that experienced rapid (< 90 minutes) low cloud formation in a stable atmosphere, resulting in ceilings at the Shuttle Landing Facility (TTS) that violated Space Shuttle Flight Rules (FR). This work is the second phase of a similar AMU task that examined the same phenomena during the day. In the first phase of this work, the meteorological conditions favoring the rapid formation of low ceilings include the presence of any inversion below 8000 ft, high relative humidity (RH) beneath the inversion and a clockwise turning of the winds from the surface to the middle troposphere (-15000 ft). The AMU compared and contrasted the atmospheric and thermodynamic conditions between nights with rapid low ceiling formation and nights with low ceilings resulting from other mechanisms. The AMU found that there was little to discern between the rapidly-forming ceiling nights and other low ceiling nights at TTS. When a rapid development occurred, the average RH below the inversions was 87% while non-events had an average RH of 79%. One key parameter appeared to be the vertical wind profile in the Cape Canaveral, FL radiosonde (XMR) sounding. Eighty-three percent of the rapid development events had veering winds with height from the surface to the middle troposphere (-15,000 ft) while 61% of the non-events had veering winds with height. Veering winds indicate a warm-advection regime, which supports large-scale rising motion and ultimately cloud formation in a moist environment. However, only six of the nights (out of 86 events examined) with low cloud ceilings had an occurrence of rapidly developing ceilings. Since only 7% rapid development events were observed in this dataset, it is likely that rapid low cloud development is not a common occurrence during the night, or at least not as common as during the day. In the AMU work on the daytime rapid low cloud development (Case and Wheeler 2005), nearly 30% of the low cloud ceiling cases investigated were identified as rapidly developing events. Forecasters at the Space Meteorology Group (SMG) issue 30 to 90 minute forecasts for low cloud ceilings at TTS to support Space Shuttle landings. Mission verification statistics have shown ceilings to be the number one forecast challenge. More specifically, forecasters at SMG are concerned with any rapidly developing clouds/ceilings below 8000 R in a stable, capped thermodynamic environment. Therefore, the AMU was tasked to examine archived events of rapid stable cloud formation resulting in ceilings below 8000 ft, and document the atmospheric regimes favoring this type of cloud development. The AMU examined the cool season months of November to March during the years of 1994-2005 for nights that had low-level inversions and rapid, stable low cloud formation that resulted in ceilings violating the Space Shuttle FR. The AMU wrote and modified existing code to identify inversions from the evening and morning XMR radiosonde during the cool season and output pertinent sounding information. They parsed all days with cloud ceilings below 8000 ft at TTS, forming a database of possible rapidly-developing low ceiling events. Nights with precipitation or noticeable fog burn-off situations were excluded from the database. Only the nighttime hours were examined for possible ceiling development events since the daytime events were examined in the first phase of this work. The report presents one sample case of rapidly-developing low cloud ceilings. The case depicts the representative meteorological and thermodynamic characteristics of such events. The case also illustrates how quickly the cloud decks can develop, sometimes forming in 30 minutes or less. The report also summarizes the composite meteorological conditions for 6 event nights with rapid low cloud ceiling formation and 80 non-events nights consisting of advection or widespread low cloud ceilings. The teorological conditions were quite similar for both the event and non-event nights, since both types of nights experienced low cloud ceilings. Both types of nights had a relatively moist environment beneath an inversion based below 8000 ft.

Processing power limits social group size: computational evidence for the cognitive costs of sociality

PubMed Central

Dávid-Barrett, T.; Dunbar, R. I. M.

2013-01-01

Sociality is primarily a coordination problem. However, the social (or communication) complexity hypothesis suggests that the kinds of information that can be acquired and processed may limit the size and/or complexity of social groups that a species can maintain. We use an agent-based model to test the hypothesis that the complexity of information processed influences the computational demands involved. We show that successive increases in the kinds of information processed allow organisms to break through the glass ceilings that otherwise limit the size of social groups: larger groups can only be achieved at the cost of more sophisticated kinds of information processing that are disadvantageous when optimal group size is small. These results simultaneously support both the social brain and the social complexity hypotheses. PMID:23804623

Managing gender diversity in healthcare: getting it right.

PubMed

Vanderbroeck, Paul; Wasserfallen, Jean-Blaise

2017-02-06

Purpose Diversity, notably gender diversity, is growing in health care, both at the level of teams and the level of organizations. This paper aims to describe the challenges for team leaders and leaders of organizations to manage this diversity. The authors believe that more could be done to help leaders master these challenges in a way that makes diverse teams and organizations more productive. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on previously published research, using gender diversity as an example, the paper first describes how diversity can both have a positive and a negative influence on team productivity. Next, it describes the challenge of gender diversity at an organizational level, using Switzerland as an example. Findings The first part of the paper espouses the causes of gender diversity, undoes some of the myths surrounding diversity and presents a model for effective management of diversity in teams. The second part looks at gender diversity at an organizational level. Drawing from sources inside and outside healthcare, the effects of the "leaking pipeline", "glass wall" and "glass ceiling" that prevent health-care organizations from leveraging the potential of female talent are discussed. Practical implications The authors propose a model developed for intercultural teamwork as a framework for leveraging gender diversity for better team productivity. Proposals are offered to health-care organizations on how they can tip the gender balance at senior levels into their favor, so as to get the maximum benefit from the available talent. Originality/value Applying the "how to" ideas and recommendations from this general review will help leaders of health-care organizations gain a better return on investment from their talent development as well as to increase the productivity of their workforce by a better use of diverse talent.

Comparison of Fire Model Predictions with Experiments Conducted in a Hangar With a 15 Meter Ceiling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, W. D.; Notarianni, K. A.; McGrattan, K. B.

1996-01-01

The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive capabilities of fire models using the results of a series of fire experiments conducted in an aircraft hangar with a ceiling height of about 15 m. This study is designed to investigate model applicability at a ceiling height where only a limited amount of experimental data is available. This analysis deals primarily with temperature comparisons as a function of distance from the fire center and depth beneath the ceiling. Only limited velocity measurements in the ceiling jet were available but these are also compared with those models with a velocity predictive capability.

Demonstration of an advanced solar garden with a water ceiling. Six-month technical progress report, July 1-December 31, 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maes, R.; Riseng, C.; Thomas, G.

1980-02-01

A history of the solar garden with the addition of the transparent water ceiling and a statement of the overall goals of the program are presented. It then details the objectives of the water ceiling grant. The rationale of the transparent water ceiling is developed and its implementation in the solar garden is described. The experimental procedures for evaluating the water ceiling as an integral part of an ongoing garden agricultural experiment are discussed. The results of the first six months of the program and the future activities of the next period are presented.

The Nanoconfined Free Radical Polymerization: Reaction Kinetics and Thermodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Haoyu; Simon, Sindee

The reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of nanoconfined free radical polymerizations are investigated for methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethyl methacrylate (EMA) monomers using differential scanning calorimetry. Controlled pore glass is used as the confinement medium with pore diameters as small as 7.5 nm; the influence of both hydrophobic (silanized such that trimethylsilyl groups cover the surface) and hydrophilic (native silanol) surfaces is investigated. Propagation rates increase when monomers are reacted in the hydrophilic pores presumably due to the specific interactions between the carbonyl and silanol groups; however, the more flexible EMA monomer shows weaker effects. On the other hand, initial rates of polymerization in hydrophobic pores are unchanged from the bulk. In both pores, the onset of autoacceleration occurs earlier due to the reduced diffusivity of confined chains, which may be compensated at high temperatures. In addition to changes in kinetics, the reaction thermodynamics can be affected under nanoconfinement. Specifically, the ceiling temperature (Tc) is shifted to lower temperatures in nanopores, with pore surface chemistry showing no significant effects; the equilibrium conversion is also reduced at high temperatures below Tc. These observations are attributed to a larger negative change in entropy on propagation for the confined system, with the MMA system again showing greater effects. Funding from ACS PRF is gratefully acknowledged.

Evaluation of ceiling lifts: transfer time, patient comfort and staff perceptions.

PubMed

Alamgir, Hasanat; Li, Olivia Wei; Yu, Shicheng; Gorman, Erin; Fast, Catherine; Kidd, Catherine

2009-09-01

Mechanical lifting devices have been developed to reduce healthcare worker injuries related to patient handling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ceiling lifts in comparison to floor lifts based on transfer time, patient comfort and staff perceptions in three long-term care facilities with varying ceiling lift coverage. The time required to transfer or reposition patients along with patient comfort levels were recorded for 119 transfers. Transfers performed with ceiling lifts required on average less time (bed to chair transfers: 156.9 seconds for ceiling lift, 273.6 seconds for floor lift) and were found to be more comfortable for patients. In the three facilities, 143 healthcare workers were surveyed on their perceptions of patient handling tasks and equipment. For both transferring and repositioning tasks, staff preferred to use ceiling lifts and also found them to be less physically demanding. Further investigation is needed on repositioning tasks to ensure safe practice.

Comparison of the respiratory effects of intravenous buprenorphine and fentanyl in humans and rats.

PubMed

Dahan, A; Yassen, A; Bijl, H; Romberg, R; Sarton, E; Teppema, L; Olofsen, E; Danhof, M

2005-06-01

There is evidence from animal studies suggesting the existence of a ceiling effect for buprenorphine-induced respiratory depression. To study whether an apparent ceiling effect exists for respiratory depression induced by buprenorphine, we compared the respiratory effects of buprenorphine and fentanyl in humans and rats. In healthy volunteers, the opioids were infused i.v. over 90 s and measurements of minute ventilation at a fixed end-tidal PCO2 of 7 kPa were obtained for 7 h. Buprenorphine doses were 0.7, 1.4, 4.3 and 8.6 microg kg(-1) (n=20 subjects) and fentanyl doses 1.1, 2.1, 2.9, 4.3 and 7.1 microg kg(-1) (n=21). Seven subjects received placebo. In rats, both opioids were infused i.v. over 20 min, and arterial PCO2 was measured 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after the start of fentanyl infusion and 30, 150, 270 and 390 min after the start of buprenorphine infusion. Doses tested were buprenorphine 0, 100, 300, 1000 and 3000 microg kg(-1) and fentanyl 0, 50, 68 and 90 microg kg(-1). In humans, fentanyl produced a dose-dependent depression of minute ventilation with apnoea at doses > or = 2.9 microg kg(-1); buprenorphine caused depression of minute ventilation which levelled off at doses > or = 3.0 microg kg(-1) to about 50% of baseline. In rats, the relationship of arterial PCO2 and fentanyl dose was linear, with maximum respiratory depression at 20 min (maximum PaCO2 8.0 kPa). Irrespective of the time at which measurements were obtained, buprenorphine showed a non-linear effect on PaCO2, with a ceiling effect at doses > 1.4 microg kg(-1). The effect on PaCO2 was modest (maximum value measured, 5.5 kPa). Our data confirm a ceiling effect of buprenorphine but not fentanyl with respect to respiratory depression.

Research on the operation control strategy of the cooling ceiling combined with fresh air system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Tao; Li, Hao

2018-03-01

The cooling ceiling combined with independent fresh air system was built by TRNSYS. And the cooling effects of the air conditioning system of an office in Beijing in a summer typical day were simulated. Based on the “variable temperature” control strategy, the operation strategy of “variable air volume auxiliary adjustment” was put forward. The variation of the indoor temperature, the indoor humidity, the temperature of supplying water and the temperature of returning water were simulated under the two control strategies. The energy consumption of system during the whole summer was compared by utilizing the two control strategies, and the indoor thermal comfort was analyzed. The optimal control strategy was proposed under the condition that the condensation on the surface of the cooling ceiling is not occurred and the indoor thermal comfort is satisfied.

Cell separation technique in dilectrophoretic chip with bulk electrode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iliescu, Ciprian; Tay, Francis E. H.; Xu, Guolin; Yu, Liming

2006-01-01

This paper presents a new technique for separation of two cell populations in a dielectrophoretic chip with bulk silicon electrode. A characteristic of the dielectrophoretic chip is its "sandwich" structure: glass/silicon/glass that generates a unique definition of the microfluidic channel with conductive walls (silicon) and isolating floor and ceiling (glass). The structure confers the opportunity to use the electrodes not only to generate a gradient of the electric field but also to generate a gradient of velocity of the fluid inside the channel. This interesting combination gives rise to a new solution for dielectrophoretic separation of two cell populations. The separation method consists of four steps. First, the microchannel is field with the cells mixture. Second, the cells are trapped in different locations of the microfluidic channel, the cell population which exhibits positive dielectrophoresis is trapped in the area where the distance between the electrodes is the minimum whilst, the other population that exhibit negative dielectrophoresis is trapped where the distance between electrodes is the maximum. In the next step, increasing the flow in the microchannel will result in an increased hydrodynamic force that sweeps the cells trapped by positive dielectrophoresis out of the chip. In the last step, the electric field is removed and the second population is sweep out and collected at the outlet. The device was tested for separation of dead yeast cells from live yeast cells. The paper presents analytical aspects of the separation method a comparative study between different electrode profiles and experimental results.

222Rn progeny surface deposition and resuspension--residential materials.

PubMed

Leonard, B E

1995-07-01

The radiological hazard of radon gas to occupants in residential environments is from the particulate progeny 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi, and 214Po, rather than 222Rn itself. Attachment to aerosols, plateout, and resuspension impact on the progeny airborne concentrations. Plateout rate and resuspension factors were measured for air change (ventilation) rates, 0.01 to 1.0 h-1, in a 0.28 m3 test chamber for interior residential materials of wallboard, drapery, carpet, ceiling tile, and concrete, and from 0.05 to 2.5 h-i for hardwood and glass. The overall accuracy of the plateout rate values is estimated to be +/- 13% standard deviation. For the different materials, the plateout rates for 218Po progeny varied by a factor of nearly six. Drapery gave the largest plateout rates. Resuspension rate factors, R, were measured for hardwood, wallboard, drapery, carpet, and glass by a new time-dependent measurement method based on the difference in buildup rate of 214Po to equilibrium caused by resuspension. Values for R obtained for hardwood, wallboard, drapery, carpet and glass were 0.31, 0.29, 0.44, 0.55, and 0.36, respectively ( +/- 30% standard deviation). All measurements were made in a continuous air conditioned interior environment maintaining temperature at 22.2 +/- 1.1 degrees C and relative humidity of 30% +/- 10%. Computations were made of equivalent plateout rates and equilibrium fractions for a standard 5 m x 5 m x 3 m high room to provide values to compare with other work.

Afghan Ministry of Defense Headquarters: $154.7 Million Building Appears Well Built, but Has Several Construction Issues that Should Be Assessed

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

complete breaks in the floors, walls, and ceilings that divide the building into discrete sections. The objectives of this inspection were to... ceiling panels, as well as fire suppression pumps, fire alarms, and communications lines. We found other deficiencies not identified by AFCEC that...structural components suspended from the ceiling or floor above, such as heating/cooling equipment, duct work, dropped ceilings , electrical fixtures

Radiation protection for surgeons and anesthetists: practices and knowledge before and after training.

PubMed

Brun, A; Mor, R Alcaraz; Bourrelly, M; Dalivoust, G; Gazazian, G; Boufercha, R; Lehucher-Michel, M P; Sari-Minodier, I

2018-03-01

The use of radiological activity in the operating room (OR) and a regulatory decrease of the eye lens dose warrant an assessment of how medical staff are protected from radiation. This study aims to evaluate practices and knowledge in radiation protection (RP) for OR doctors before and after training. A descriptive study of surgeons and anesthetists in a French public hospital center was conducted in 2016. An ad hoc questionnaire concerning occupational practices and knowledge about RP was distributed before and one month after RP training. Among 103 doctors attending the training, 90 answered the questionnaire before the training. Results showed a lack of knowledge and good practice in RP. Most of the participants (86.7%) had never been trained in RP and recognized insufficient knowledge. Most of them (92.2%) wore a lead apron, 50.0% a thyroid-shield, 5.6% lead glasses, 53.3% a passive dosimeter and 17.8% an electronic dosimeter. None of them benefitted from collective protective equipment such as a ceiling suspended screen. The questionnaire following the training was completed by only 35 doctors. A comparison before and after training results showed an improvement in knowledge (scores of correct responses: 5.5/16 before and 9.5/16 after training) but not in RP good practices (scores of correct responses: 3.2/7 before and 3.3/7 after training). One training session appears to be insufficient to improve the application of the safety rules when x-rays are used. Communication needs to be improved regarding RP among anesthetists and surgeons, such as training renewal, workstation analysis in OR related to x-ray use and occupational medical follow-up. Otherwise, radiological risks in OR need to be given better consideration, such as radio-induced cataract risk. It is necessary to encourage the use of dosimeters and protective equipment and to strengthen access to lead glasses and collective protective equipment, such as ceiling suspended screens. All these recommendations ensure the received dose is reduced to as low as is reasonably achievable.

Presenting Germany's drug pricing rule as a cost-per-QALY rule.

PubMed

Gandjour, Afschin

2012-06-01

In Germany, the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) makes recommendations for ceiling prices of drugs based on an evaluation of the relationship between costs and effectiveness. To set ceiling prices, IQWiG uses the following decision rule: the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of a new drug compared with the next effective intervention should not be higher than that of the next effective intervention compared to its comparator. The purpose of this paper is to show that IQWiG's decision rule can be presented as a cost-per-QALY rule by using equity-weighted QALYs. This transformation shows where both rules share commonalities. Furthermore, it makes the underlying ethical implications of IQWiG's decision rule transparent and open to debate.

METHOD FOR EVALUATING MOLD GROWTH ON CEILING TILE

EPA Science Inventory

A method to extract mold spores from porous ceiling tiles was developed using a masticator blender. Ceiling tiles were inoculated and analyzed using four species of mold. Statistical analysis comparing results obtained by masticator extraction and the swab method was performed. T...

48 CFR 217.7404-2 - Price ceiling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Price ceiling. 217.7404-2 Section 217.7404-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Contract Actions 217.7404-2 Price ceiling. UCAs shall include a not-to-exceed price. ...

Analysis of Rapidly Developing Low Cloud Ceilings in a Stable Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauman, William H., III; Barrett, Joe H., III; Case, Jonathan L.; Wheeler, Mark M.; Baggett, G. Wayne

2006-01-01

Forecasters at the Space Meteorology Group (SMG) issue 30 to 90 minute forecasts for low cloud ceilings at the Space Shuttle Landing Facility (TTS) to support Space Shuttle landings. Mission verification statistics have shown ceilings to be the number one forecast challenge for SMG. More specifically, forecasters at SMG are concerned with any rapidly developing clouds/ceilings below 8000 ft in a stable, capped thermodynamic environment. Therefore, the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) was tasked to examine archived events of rapid stable cloud formation resulting in ceilings below 8000 ft, and document the atmospheric regimes favoring this type of cloud development. The AMU examined the cool season months of November to March during the years of 1993-2003 for days that had low-level inversions and rapid, stable low cloud formation that resulted in ceilings violating the Space Shuttle Flight Rules. The AMU wrote and modified existing code to identify inversions from the morning (-10 UTC) Cape Canaveral, FL rawinsonde (XMR) during the cool season and output pertinent sounding information. They parsed all days with cloud ceilings below 8000 ft at TTS, forming a database of possible rapidly-developing low ceiling events. Days with precipitation or noticeable fog burn-off situations were excluded from the database. In the first phase of this work, only the daytime hours were examined for possible ceiling development events since low clouds are easier to diagnose with visible satellite imagery. Phase II of this work includes expanding the database to include nighttime cases which is underway as this abstract is being written. For the nighttime cases, the AMU will analyze both the 00 UTC soundings and the 10 UTC soundings to examine those data for the presence of a low-level inversion. The 00 UTC soundings will probably not have a surface-based inversion, but the presence of inversions or "neutral" layers aloft and below 8,000 ft will most likely help define the stable regime, being a thermodynamically "capped" environment. Occurrences of elevated low-level inversions or stable layers will be highlighted in conjunction with nights that experienced a possible development or onset of cloud ceilings below 8,000 ft. Using these criteria to narrow down the database, the AMU will then use archived IR satellite imagery for these possible events. This presentation summarizes the composite meteorological conditions for 20 daytime event days with rapid low cloud ceiling formation and 48 non-events days consisting of advection or widespread low cloud ceilings and describes two sample cases of daytime rapidly-developing low cloud ceilings. The authors will also summarize the work from the nighttime cases and describe a representative sample case from this data set.

16 CFR 305.13 - Labeling for ceiling fans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Required Disclosures § 305.13 Labeling for ceiling fans. (a) Ceiling fans—(1) Content. Any covered product that is a...

16 CFR 305.13 - Labeling for ceiling fans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Required Disclosures § 305.13 Labeling for ceiling fans. (a) Ceiling fans—(1) Content. Any covered product that is a...

16 CFR 305.13 - Labeling for ceiling fans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Required Disclosures § 305.13 Labeling for ceiling fans. (a) Ceiling fans—(1) Content. Any covered product that is a...

16 CFR 305.13 - Labeling for ceiling fans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CONCERNING DISCLOSURES REGARDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WATER USE OF CERTAIN HOME APPLIANCES AND OTHER PRODUCTS REQUIRED UNDER THE ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT (âAPPLIANCE LABELING RULEâ) Required Disclosures § 305.13 Labeling for ceiling fans. (a) Ceiling fans—(1) Content. Any covered product that is a...

Gender Differences in the Careers of Former Postdoctoral Fellows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sonnert, Gerhard

2004-03-01

The Project Access study examined the careers of men and women who had received prestigious postdoctoral fellowships and thus were presumably of about equal promise at the start of their professional careers. Had the women scientists in this elite group overcome a threshold beyond which they proceeded on equal footing with their male counterparts; or did a glass ceiling impede their careers? We found gender differences in career outcomes in the group we studied (699 questionnaires, 200 interviews), but these differences varied considerably by scientific discipline. Moreover, the career disparities for women, as a group, appear now to result chiefly from a series of subtle but identifiable and sometimes counterintuitive impediments as well as from slight gender differences in socialization. Each disadvantage by itself may be small, but in their accumulation they significantly influence women's careers.

Grete Kellenberger-Gujer: Molecular biology research pioneer.

PubMed

Citi, Sandra; Berg, Douglas E

2016-01-01

Grete Kellenberger-Gujer was a Swiss molecular biologist who pioneered fundamental studies of bacteriophage in the mid-20(th) century at the University of Geneva. Her life and career stories are reviewed here, focusing on her fundamental contributions to our early understanding of phage biology via her insightful analyses of phenomena such as the lysogenic state of a temperate phage (λ), genetic recombination, radiation's in vivo consequences, and DNA restriction-modification; on her creative personality and interactions with peers; and how her academic advancement was affected by gender, societal conditions and cultural attitudes of the time. Her story is important scientifically, putting into perspective features of the scientific community from just before the molecular biology era started through its early years, and also sociologically, in illustrating the numerous "glass ceilings" that, especially then, often hampered the advancement of creative women.

The eyesafe visioceilometer - A tactical visibility and cloud height lidar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnes, E. S.; Lentz, W. J.

A recent breakthrough in the mathematical solution to the lidar equation combined with state-of-the-art microelectronics has made it possible to produce the first portable ceiling, visibility, and rangefinding device suitable for tactical use by the U.S. Army. The signal processor of the former XE-2 (Nd:YAG) can be adapted to an eyesafe unit by making use of an erbium glass laser and a GaInAs PIN photodiode detector. It is pointed out that the XE-3 (Eyesafe Visioceilometer) provides tactical real-time data when and where the user needs it, with an accuracy superior to existing nonportable runway equipment. Attention is given to system evolution, lidar theory, the relationship of backscattering and extinction coefficients, a system description, the transient recorder, the analysis of data, and details regarding tactical applications.

48 CFR 243.204-70-2 - Price ceiling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Price ceiling. 243.204-70..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS Change Orders 243.204-70-2 Price ceiling. Unpriced change orders shall include a not-to-exceed price. [75 FR 48277, Aug. 10, 2010] ...

9 CFR 354.222 - Floors, walls, ceilings, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... prepared or handled shall be constructed of or finished with materials impervious to moisture, so they can... prepared or handled shall be smooth and constructed of materials impervious to moisture to a height of 6... finished with moisture-resistant material. (c) Ceilings. Ceilings must be moisture-resistant in rooms where...

9 CFR 354.222 - Floors, walls, ceilings, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... prepared or handled shall be constructed of or finished with materials impervious to moisture, so they can... prepared or handled shall be smooth and constructed of materials impervious to moisture to a height of 6... finished with moisture-resistant material. (c) Ceilings. Ceilings must be moisture-resistant in rooms where...

9 CFR 354.222 - Floors, walls, ceilings, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... prepared or handled shall be constructed of or finished with materials impervious to moisture, so they can... prepared or handled shall be smooth and constructed of materials impervious to moisture to a height of 6... finished with moisture-resistant material. (c) Ceilings. Ceilings must be moisture-resistant in rooms where...

9 CFR 354.222 - Floors, walls, ceilings, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... prepared or handled shall be constructed of or finished with materials impervious to moisture, so they can... prepared or handled shall be smooth and constructed of materials impervious to moisture to a height of 6... finished with moisture-resistant material. (c) Ceilings. Ceilings must be moisture-resistant in rooms where...

46 CFR 116.422 - Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish and decorations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish and decorations... PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.422 Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish... accommodation spaces may have a combustible veneer trim and decorations that do not meet the requirements of...

46 CFR 116.422 - Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish and decorations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish and decorations... PASSENGERS CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT Fire Protection § 116.422 Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish... accommodation spaces may have a combustible veneer trim and decorations that do not meet the requirements of...

42 CFR 413.40 - Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital...-STAGE RENAL DISEASE SERVICES; OPTIONAL PROSPECTIVELY DETERMINED PAYMENT RATES FOR SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES Limits on Cost Reimbursement § 413.40 Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs...

42 CFR 413.40 - Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital...-STAGE RENAL DISEASE SERVICES; OPTIONAL PROSPECTIVELY DETERMINED PAYMENT RATES FOR SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES Limits on Cost Reimbursement § 413.40 Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs...

42 CFR 413.40 - Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital...-STAGE RENAL DISEASE SERVICES; OPTIONAL PROSPECTIVELY DETERMINED PAYMENT RATES FOR SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES Limits on Cost Reimbursement § 413.40 Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs...

42 CFR 413.40 - Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital...-STAGE RENAL DISEASE SERVICES; OPTIONAL PROSPECTIVELY DETERMINED PAYMENT RATES FOR SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES Limits on Cost Reimbursement § 413.40 Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs...

DETECTION OF BACTERIAL CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES FROM WATER-DAMAGED CEILING TILE MATERIAL FOLLOWING INCUBATION ON BLOOD AGAR

EPA Science Inventory

Samples of ceiling tiles with high levels of bacteria exhibited cytotoxic activities on a HEP-2 tissue culture assay. Ceiling tiles containing low levels of bacterial colonization did not show cytotoxic activities on the HEP-2 tissue culture assay. Using a spread plate procedure ...

Performance of Radiant Heating Systems of Low-Energy Buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarbu, Ioan; Mirza, Matei; Crasmareanu, Emanuel

2017-10-01

After the introduction of plastic piping, the application of water-based radiant heating with pipes embedded in room surfaces (i.e., floors, walls, and ceilings), has significantly increased worldwide. Additionally, interest and growth in radiant heating and cooling systems have increased in recent years because they have been demonstrated to be energy efficient in comparison to all-air distribution systems. This paper briefly describes the heat distribution systems in buildings, focusing on the radiant panels (floor, wall, ceiling, and floor-ceiling). Main objective of this study is the performance investigation of different types of low-temperature heating systems with different methods. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the energy, environmental, and economic performances of floor, wall, ceiling, and floor-ceiling heating using numerical simulation with Transient Systems Simulation (TRNSYS) software is performed. This study showed that the floor-ceiling heating system has the best performance in terms of the lowest energy consumption, operation cost, CO2 emission, and the nominal boiler power. The comparison of the room operative air temperatures and the set-point operative air temperature indicates also that all radiant panel systems provide satisfactory results without significant deviations.

Heat transfer to an unconfined ceiling from an impinging buoyant diffusion flame

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weng, W. G.; Hasemi, Y.

2006-05-01

Impinging flames are used in fire safety research, industrial heating and melting, and aerospace applications. Multiple modes of heat transfer, such as natural convection, forced convection and thermal radiation, etc. are commonly important in those processes. However, the detailed heat transfer mechanisms are not well understood. In this paper, a model is developed to calculate the thermal response of an unconfined nonburning ceiling from an impinging buoyant diffusion flame. This model uses an algorithm for conduction into the ceiling material. It takes account of heat transfer due to radiation from the fire source to the ceiling surface, and due to reradiation from the ceiling surface to other items. Using experimental data, the convective heat transfer coefficient at lower surface is deduced from this model. In addition, the predicted heat fluxes are compared with the existing experimental data, and the comparison results validate the presented model. It is indicated that this model can be used to predict radial-dependent surface temperature histories under a variety of different realistic levels of fire energy generation rates and fire-to-ceiling separation distance.

Shake table tests of suspended ceilings to simulate the observed damage in the M s7.0 Lushan earthquake, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Duozhi; Dai, Junwu; Qu, Zhe; Ning, Xiaoqing

2016-06-01

Severe damage to suspended ceilings of metal grids and lay-in panels was observed in public buildings during the 2013 M s7.0 Lushan earthquake in China. Over the past several years, suspended ceilings have been widely used practice in public buildings throughout China, including government offices, schools and hospitals. To investigate the damage mechanism of suspended ceilings, a series of three-dimensional shake table tests was conducted to reproduce the observed damage. A full-scale reinforced concrete frame was constructed as the testing frame for the ceiling, which was single-story and infilled with brick masonry walls to represent the local construction of low-rise buildings. In general, the ceiling in the tests exhibited similar damage phenomena as the field observations, such as higher vulnerability of perimeter elements and extensive damage to the cross runners. However, it exhibited lower fragility in terms of peak ground/roof accelerations at the initiation of damage. Further investigations are needed to clarify the reasons for this behavior.

TVA`s debt limit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pulsipher, A.G.

1995-03-01

This article is review of the debt (and debt limit) of the Tennessee Valley Authority. The history of TVA financing practices is discussed as is public policy associated with the Congressionally imposed debt ceiling of $30B. Reasons for TVA`s massive debt, which is approaching the ceiling, are also reviewed, with the emphasis on the $15B investment in cold or incomplete nuclear plants. TVA has recently announced that it would not finish three of these nuclear units without a venture-capital partner, and it has also announced that it would set an internal cap on total debt at some $2B to $3Bmore » below the legal limit. This self-imposed limit has influenced TVA`s own future plans for additional generating capacity as outlined in their Energy Vision 2020 Report. In that report, TVA has made an effort to supply the energy needs of the region over the next 25 years without the massive capital expenditures associated construction of large base-loaded power stations. The present article concludes that the imposed debt ceiling has failed to provide effective external control and accountability, and as a result, an amendment to the TVA act is proposed to provide an enlarged TVA Board that is clearly separated from managerial decisions. The present article also concludes that the debt ceiling should be removed.« less

A numerical study of defect detection in a plaster dome ceiling using structural acoustics.

PubMed

Bucaro, J A; Romano, A J; Valdivia, N; Houston, B H; Dey, S

2009-07-01

A numerical study is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of using measured surface displacements resulting from acoustic speaker excitation to detect and localize flaws in a domed, plaster ceiling. The response of the structure to an incident acoustic pressure is obtained at four frequencies between 100 and 400 Hz using a parallel h-p structural acoustic finite element-based code. Three ceiling conditions are modeled: the pristine ceiling considered rigidly attached to the domed-shape support, partial detachment of a segment of the plaster layer from the support, and an interior pocket of plaster deconsolidation modeled as a heavy fluid. Spatial maps of the normal displacement resulting from speaker excitation are interpreted with the help of predictions based on static analysis. It is found that acoustic speaker excitation can provide displacement levels readily detected by commercially available laser Doppler vibrometer systems. Further, it is concluded that for 1 in. thick plaster layers, detachment sizes as small as 4 cm are detectable by direct observation of the measured displacement maps. Finally, spatial structure differences are observed in the displacement maps beneath the two defect types, which may provide a wavenumber-based feature useful for distinguishing plaster detachment from other defects such as deconsolidation.

The community balance and mobility scale alleviates the ceiling effects observed in the currently used gait and balance assessments for the community-dwelling older adults.

PubMed

Balasubramanian, Chitralakshmi K

2015-01-01

Currently used balance assessments show a ceiling effect and lack activities essential for community mobility in higher-functioning older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Community Balance and Mobility (CB&M) Scale in a high-functioning community-dwelling older adult population since the CB&M Scale includes assessment of several challenging tasks and may alleviate the ceiling effects observed in commonly used gait and balance assessments for this cohort. A convenience sample of 40 older adults (73.4 ± 6.9 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Previously standardized balance and mobility assessments measuring similar constructs as the CB&M were used for validation. Outcomes included Timed Up and Go Test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Activities Specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC), gait speed, and intraindividual gait variability. A falls questionnaire documented the history of falls. Rater reliability (ICC > 0.95) and internal consistency (α= .97) of the CB&M scale were high. CB&M scores demonstrated strong correlations with DGI, BBS, SPPB, and 6MWT (ρ= 0.70-0.87; P < .01); moderate correlations with falls history, TUG, ABC, and gait speed (ρ= 0.44-0.65; P < .01); and low correlations with FRT, swing and stance time variability (ρ= 0.34-0.37; P < .05). Dynamic Gait Index, BBS, SPPB, and ABC assessments demonstrated ceiling effects (7.5%-32.5%), while no floor or ceiling effects were noted on the CB&M. Logistic regression model showed that the CB&M scores significantly predicted falls history (χ(2) = 6.66, odds ratio = 0.92; P < .01). Area under the curve for the CB&M scale was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.65-0.95). A score of CB&M ≤ 39 was the optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity = 79%, specificity = 76%) and a score of CB&M ≤ 45 maximized sensitivity (sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 60%) to discriminate persons with 2 or more falls from those with fewer than 2 falls in the past year. CB&M scale is reliable and valid to evaluate gait, balance, and mobility in community-dwelling older adults. Unlike some currently used balance and mobility assessments for the community-dwelling older adults, the CB&M scale did not show a ceiling in detection of balance and mobility deficits. In addition, cutoff scores have been proposed that might serve as criteria to discriminate older adults with balance and mobility deficits. The CB&M scale might enable assessment of balance and mobility limitations masked by other assessments and help design interventions to improve community mobility and sustain independence in the higher-functioning community-dwelling older adult.

2D and 3D GPR imaging of structural ceilings in historic and existing constructions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colla, Camilla

2014-05-01

GPR applications in civil engineering are to date quite diversified. With respect to civil constructions and monumental buildings, detection of voids, cavities, layering in structural elements, variation of geometry, of moisture content, of materials, areas of decay, defects, cracks have been reported in timber, concrete and masonry elements. Nonetheless, many more fields of investigation remain unexplored. This contribution gives an account of a variety of examples of structural ceilings investigation by GPR radar in reflection mode, either as 2D or 3D data acquisition and visualisation. Ceilings have a pre-eminent role in buildings as they contribute to a good structural behaviour of the construction. Primarily, the following functions can be listed for ceilings: a) they carry vertical dead and live loads on floors and distribute such loads to the vertical walls; b) they oppose to external horizontal forces such as wind loads and earthquakes helping to transfer such forces from the loaded element to the other walls; c) they contribute to create the box skeleton and behaviour of a building, connecting the different load bearing walls and reducing the slenderness and flexural instability of such walls. Therefore, knowing how ceilings are made in specific buildings is of paramount importance for architects and structural engineers. According to the type of building and age of construction, ceilings may present very different solutions and materials. Moreover, in existing constructions, ceilings may have been substituted, modified or strengthened due to material decay or to change of use of the building. These alterations may often go unrecorded in technical documentation or technical drawings may be unavailable. In many cases, the position, orientation and number of the load carrying elements in ceilings may be hidden or not be in sight, due for example to the presence of false ceilings or to technical plants. GPR radar can constitute a very useful tool for investigating with rapidity and high resolution, thin as well as very thick ceilings, in a non-destructive manner. Ceilings may be made up as masonry vaults or timber/metal/concrete beams and elements laid down in one or two directions or, again, can be made as a combination of the above. A number of cases are here presented reporting on typical features to be recognised in radargrams in order to distinguish the material and possible shape of the relevant objects with the aim of providing a first small catalogue useful to the radar user and to professionals. This abstract is of interest for COST Action TU1208.

A Study of Rapidly Developing Low Cloud Ceilings in a Stable Atmosphere at the Florida Spaceport

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wheeler, Mark M.; Case, Jonathan L.; Baggett, G. Wayne

2006-01-01

Forecasters at the Space Meteorology Group (SMG) issue 30 to 90 minute forecasts for low cloud ceilings at the Shuttle Landing Facility (KTTS) in Kennedy Space Center, FL for all Space Shuttle missions. Mission verification statistics have shown cloud ceilings to be the biggest forecast challenge. SMG forecasters are especially concerned with rapidly developing cloud ceilings below 8000 ft. in a stable, capped thermodynamic environment because ceilings below 8000 ft restrict Shuttle landing operations and are the most challenging to predict accurately. This project involves the development of a database of these cases over east-central Florida in order to identify the onset, location, and if possible, dissipation times of rapidly-developing low cloud ceilings. Another goal is to document the atmospheric regimes favoring this type of cloud development to improve forecast skill of such events during Space Shuttle launch and landing operations. A 10-year database of stable, rapid low cloud development days during the daylight hours was compiled for the Florida cool-season months by examining the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station sounding data, and identifying days that had high boundary layer relative humidity associated with a thermally-capped environment below 8000 ft. Archived hourly surface observations from KTTS and Melbourne, Orlando, Sanford, and Ocala, FL were then examined for the onset of cloud ceilings below 8000 ft between 1100 and 2000 UTC. Once the database was supplemented with the hourly surface cloud observations, visible satellite imagery was examined in 30-minute intervals to confirm event occurrences. This paper will present results from some of the rapidly developing cloud ceiling cases and the prevailing meteorological conditions associated with these events, focusing on potential pre-curser information that may help improve their prediction.

A Bayesian Model and Stochastic Exposure (Dose) Estimation for Relative Exposure Risk Comparison Involving Asbestos-Containing Dropped Ceiling Panel Installation and Maintenance Tasks.

PubMed

Boelter, Fred W; Xia, Yulin; Persky, Jacob D

2017-09-01

Assessing exposures to hazards in order to characterize risk is at the core of occupational hygiene. Our study examined dropped ceiling systems commonly used in schools and commercial buildings and lay-in ceiling panels that may have contained asbestos prior to the mid to late 1970s. However, most ceiling panels and tiles do not contain asbestos. Since asbestos risk relates to dose, we estimated the distribution of eight-hour TWA concentrations and one-year exposures (a one-year dose equivalent) to asbestos fibers (asbestos f/cc-years) for five groups of workers who may encounter dropped ceilings: specialists, generalists, maintenance workers, nonprofessional do-it-yourself (DIY) persons, and other tradespersons who are bystanders to ceiling work. Concentration data (asbestos f/cc) were obtained through two exposure assessment studies in the field and one chamber study. Bayesian and stochastic models were applied to estimate distributions of eight-hour TWAs and annual exposures (dose). The eight-hour TWAs for all work categories were below current and historic occupational exposure limits (OELs). Exposures to asbestos fibers from dropped ceiling work would be categorized as "highly controlled" for maintenance workers and "well controlled" for remaining work categories, according to the American Industrial Hygiene Association exposure control rating system. Annual exposures (dose) were found to be greatest for specialists, followed by maintenance workers, generalists, bystanders, and DIY. On a comparative basis, modeled dose and thus risk from dropped ceilings for all work categories were orders of magnitude lower than published exposures for other sources of banned friable asbestos-containing building material commonly encountered in construction trades. © 2016 The Authors Risk Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Risk Analysis.

Breaking through the Glass Ceiling: Consumers in Mental Health Organisations' Hierarchies.

PubMed

Scholz, Brett; Bocking, Julia; Happell, Brenda

2017-05-01

Contemporary mental health policies call for consumers to be engaged in all levels of mental health service planning, implementation, and delivery. Critical approaches to traditional healthcare hierarchies can effectively challenge barriers to better engagement with consumers in mental health organisations. This qualitative exploratory study analyses how particular strategies for consumer leadership facilitate or hinder relationships between consumers and mental health services, and how these strategies influence hierarchical structures. Fourteen participants from a range of mental health organisations were interviewed. These interviews were analysed using thematic analytic and discursive psychological techniques. The findings highlight several benefits of having consumers within mental health organisational hierarchies, and elaborate on ways that employees within mental health services can support integration of consumers into existing hierarchies. Specific barriers to consumers in hierarchies are discussed, including a lack of clarity of structures and roles within hierarchies, and resistance to consumers reaching the highest levels of leadership within organisations. Alternative hierarchical models which privilege consumers' control over resources and power are also discussed. Mental health organisations are encouraged to integrate consumer leaders into their hierarchical structures to improve their organisational offerings, their reputation, and their service innovation.

Effect of a chamber orchestra on direct sound and early reflections for performers on stage: A boundary element method study.

PubMed

Panton, Lilyan; Holloway, Damien; Cabrera, Densil

2017-04-01

Early reflections are known to be important to musicians performing on stage, but acoustic measurements are usually made on empty stages. This work investigates how a chamber orchestra setup on stage affects early reflections from the stage enclosure. A boundary element method (BEM) model of a chamber orchestra is validated against full scale measurements with seated and standing subjects in an anechoic chamber and against auditorium measurements, demonstrating that the BEM simulation gives realistic results. Using the validated BEM model, an investigation of how a chamber orchestra attenuates and scatters both the direct sound and the first-order reflections is presented for two different sized "shoe-box" stage enclosures. The first-order reflections from the stage are investigated individually: at and above the 250 Hz band, horizontal reflections from stage walls are attenuated to varying degrees, while the ceiling reflection is relatively unaffected. Considering the overall effect of the chamber orchestra on the direct sound and first-order reflections, differences of 2-5 dB occur in the 1000 Hz octave band when the ceiling reflection is excluded (slightly reduced when including the unobstructed ceiling reflection). A tilted side wall case showed the orchestra has a reduced effect with a small elevation of the lateral reflections.

Construct Validity of the Chinese Version of the Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale III in Patients with Schizophrenia

PubMed Central

Chiu, En-Chi; Lee, Yen; Lai, Kuan-Yu; Kuo, Chian-Jue; Lee, Shu-Chun; Hsieh, Ching-Lin

2015-01-01

Background The Chinese version of the Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale III (ADLRS-III), which has 10 domains, is commonly used for assessing activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with schizophrenia. However, construct validity (i.e., unidimensionality) for each domain of the ADLRS-III is unknown, limiting the explanations of the test results. Purpose This main purpose of this study was to examine unidimensionality of each domain in the ADLRS-III. We also examined internal consistency and ceiling/floor effects in patients with schizophrenia. Methods From occupational therapy records, we obtained 304 self-report data of the ADLRS-III. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the 10 one-factor structures. If a domain showed an insufficient model fit, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to investigate the factor structure and choose one factor representing the original construct. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha (α). Ceiling and floor effects were determined by the percentage of patients with the maximum and minimum scores in each domain, respectively. Results CFA analyses showed that 4 domains (i.e., leisure, picture recognition, literacy ability, communication tools use) had sufficient model fits. These 4 domains had acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.79-0.87) and no ceiling/floor effects, except the leisure domain which had a ceiling effect. The other 6 domains showed insufficient model fits. The EFA results showed that these 6 domains were two-factor structures. Conclusion The results supported unidimensional constructs of the leisure, picture recognition, literacy ability, and communication tool uses domains. The sum scores of these 4 domains can be used to represent their respective domain-specific functions. Regarding the 6 domains with insufficient model fits, we have explained the two factors of each domain and chosen one factor to represent its original construct. Future users may use the items from the chosen factors to assess domain-specific functions in patients with schizophrenia. PMID:26121246

Use of PROMIS for Patients Undergoing Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

PubMed

Dowdle, S Blake; Glass, Natalie; Anthony, Chris A; Hettrich, Carolyn M

2017-09-01

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) consists of question banks for health domains through computer adaptive testing (CAT). For patients with glenohumeral arthritis, (1) there would be high correlation between traditional patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and the PROMIS upper extremity item bank (PROMIS UE) and PROMIS physical function CAT (PROMIS PF CAT), and (2) PROMIS PF CAT would not demonstrate ceiling effects. Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Sixty-one patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis were included. Each patient completed the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) assessment form, Marx Shoulder Activity Scale, Short Form-36 physical function scale (SF-36 PF), EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire, Western Ontario Osteoarthritis Shoulder (WOOS) index, PROMIS PF CAT, and the PROMIS UE. Correlation was defined as high (>0.7), moderate (0.4-0.6), or weak (0.2-0.3). Significant floor and ceiling effects were present if more than 15% of individuals scored the lowest or highest possible total score on any PRO. The PROMIS PF demonstrated excellent correlation with the SF-36 PF ( r = 0.81, P < .0001) and good correlation with the ASES ( r = 0.62, P < .0001), EQ-5D ( r = 0.64, P < .001), and WOOS index ( r = 0.51, P < .01). The PROMIS PF demonstrated low correlation with the Marx scale ( r = 0.29, P = .02). The PROMIS UE demonstrated good correlation with the ASES ( r = 0.55, P < .0001), SF-36 ( r = 0.53, P < .01), EQ-5D ( r = 0.48, P < .01), and WOOS ( r = 0.34, P <.01), and poor correlation with the Marx scale ( r = 0.06, P = .62). There were no ceiling or floor effects observed. The mean number of items administered by the PROMIS PRO was 4. These data suggest that for a patient population with operative shoulder osteoarthritis, PROMIS UE and PROMIS PF CAT may be valid alternative PROs. Additionally, PROMIS PF CAT offers a decreased question burden with no ceiling effects.

Translation, adaptation and validation of the American short form Patient Activation Measure (PAM13) in a Danish version.

PubMed

Maindal, Helle Terkildsen; Sokolowski, Ineta; Vedsted, Peter

2009-06-29

The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a measure that assesses patient knowledge, skill, and confidence for self-management. This study validates the Danish translation of the 13-item Patient Activation Measure (PAM13) in a Danish population with dysglycaemia. 358 people with screen-detected dysglycaemia participating in a primary care health education study responded to PAM13. The PAM13 was translated into Danish by a standardised forward-backward translation. Data quality was assessed by mean, median, item response, missing values, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and average inter-item correlation) and item-rest correlations. Scale properties were assessed by Rasch Rating Scale models. The item response was high with a small number of missing values (0.8-4.2%). Floor effect was small (range 0.6-3.6%), but the ceiling effect was above 15% for all items (range 18.6-62.7%). The alpha-coefficient was 0.89 and the average inter-item correlation 0.38. The Danish version formed a unidimensional, probabilistic Guttman-like scale explaining 43.2% of the variance. We did however, find a different item sequence compared to the original scale. A Danish version of PAM13 with acceptable validity and reliability is now available. Further development should focus on single items, response categories in relation to ceiling effects and further validation of reproducibility and responsiveness.

Measurement properties of the Spinal Cord Injury-Functional Index (SCI-FI) short forms.

PubMed

Heinemann, Allen W; Dijkers, Marcel P; Ni, Pengsheng; Tulsky, David S; Jette, Alan

2014-07-01

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spinal Cord Injury-Functional Index (SCI-FI) short forms (basic mobility, self-care, fine motor, ambulation, manual wheelchair, and power wheelchair) based on internal consistency; correlations between short forms banks, full item bank forms, and a 10-item computer adaptive test version; magnitude of ceiling and floor effects; and test information functions. Cross-sectional cohort study. Six rehabilitation hospitals in the United States. Individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (N=855) recruited from 6 national Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems facilities. Not applicable. SCI-FI full item bank, 10-item computer adaptive test, and parallel short form scores. The SCI-FI short forms (with separate versions for individuals with paraplegia and tetraplegia) demonstrate very good internal consistency, group-level reliability, excellent correlations between short forms and scores based on the total item bank, and minimal ceiling and floor effects (except ceiling effects for persons with paraplegia on self-care, fine motor, and power wheelchair ability and floor effects for persons with tetraplegia on self-care, fine motor, and manual wheelchair ability). The test information functions are acceptable across the range of scores where most persons in the sample performed. Clinicians and researchers should consider the SCI-FI short forms when computer adaptive testing is not feasible. Copyright © 2014 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10 CFR Appendix V to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fan Light Kits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... with ceiling fan light kits that have medium screw base sockets shall conform to the requirements... testing pin-based fluorescent lamps packaged with ceiling fan light kits that have pin-based sockets shall... base sockets, measure the efficacy, expressed in lumens per watt, in accordance with the test...

13 CFR 107.855 - Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interest rate ceiling and... § 107.855 Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money... weighted average interest rate you pay on your “qualified borrowings”. “Qualified borrowings” means your...

33. Detail of ceiling light at exit from floor of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. Detail of ceiling light at exit from floor of auditorium to lobby (Aisle 3). Identical lights are seen on the ceiling above the mezzanine loge as seen in WA-197-34. The large white spot in WA-197-33 is a chip in the painted plaster. (July 1991) - Fox Theater, Seventh Avenue & Olive Way, Seattle, King County, WA

26 CFR 1.501(h)-3 - Lobbying or grass roots expenditures normally in excess of ceiling amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... § 1.501(h)-3 Lobbying or grass roots expenditures normally in excess of ceiling amount. (a) Scope... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Lobbying or grass roots expenditures normally in excess of ceiling amount. 1.501(h)-3 Section 1.501(h)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE...

26 CFR 1.501(h)-3 - Lobbying or grass roots expenditures normally in excess of ceiling amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... § 1.501(h)-3 Lobbying or grass roots expenditures normally in excess of ceiling amount. (a) Scope... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Lobbying or grass roots expenditures normally in excess of ceiling amount. 1.501(h)-3 Section 1.501(h)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE...

Characteristics and performance of thin LaBr3(Ce) crystal for hard X-ray astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manchanda, R. K.

2011-01-01

We have developed a new detector using thin lanthanum bromide crystal (32 × 3 mm) for use in X-ray astronomy. The instrument was launched in high altitude balloon flight on two different occasions, December 21, 2007, which reached a ceiling altitude of 4.3 mbs and April 25, 2008 reaching a ceiling altitude 2.8 mbs. The observed background counting rate at the ceiling altitude of 4 mbs was ˜4 × 10-3 ct cm-2 s-1 keV-1 sr-1. This paper describes the details of the experiment, the detector characteristics, and the background behaviour at the ceiling altitude.

A dual-rating method for evaluating impact noise isolation of floor-ceiling assemblies.

PubMed

LoVerde, John J; Dong, D Wayland

2017-01-01

Impact Insulation Class (IIC), the single-number rating for evaluating the impact noise insulation of a floor-ceiling assembly, and the associated field testing ratings, are unsatisfactory because they do not have strong correlation with subjective reaction nor provide suitable detailed information for evaluation or design of floor-ceiling assemblies. Various proposals have been made for improving the method, but the data presented indicate that no single-number rating can adequately characterize the impact noise isolation of an assembly. For realistic impact noise sources and floor-ceiling assembly types, there are two frequency domains for impact noise, and the impact noise levels in the two domains can vary independently. Therefore, two ratings are required in order to satisfactorily evaluate the impact isolation provided by a floor-ceiling assembly. Two different ratings are introduced for measuring field impact isolation in the two frequency domains, using the existing impact source and measurement method. They are named low-frequency impact rating (LIR) and high-frequency impact rating (HIR). LIR and HIR are proposed to improve the current method for design and evaluation of floor-ceiling assemblies and also provide a better method for predicting subjective reaction.

Lessons learned in looking back: perspectives from trailblazers.

PubMed

McGinn, Lata K; Newman, Michelle G

2012-12-01

Although this is in many ways a good era for women, many things have yet to improve. Women continue to lag behind men with regard to salaries, are under-represented in position of leadership, and still take on greater responsibility for child rearing and family responsibilities. Careers dominated by women tend to be associated with lower salaries and lower prominence and by the same token, women tend to dominate leadership positions when the field becomes less prestigious. Although women now outnumber men in graduating classes, the feminization of clinical psychology brings new challenges. This special series comes out of the 2009 trailblazer panel held at the ABCT convention in New York City, which explored the experiences faced by pioneering women in behavior therapy and discussed ways to help women overcome the glass ceiling. This introductory paper summarizes the lessons learned by these trailblazers with a view toward helping women in academia today. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The hand that rocks the cradle rocks the boat: the empowerment of women.

PubMed

Turkel, Ann Ruth

2004-01-01

The obstacles to equality for women have changed from external to intrapsychic. The relational characteristics of women, such as nurturing and connecting with others, are now regarded as desirable attributes for the workplace. Adult growth and achievement models are based on the so-called masculine characteristics of separation, individuation, and independence. Relational theory supplies an alternative model called growth-in-connection, which stems from the feminine characteristics of connection, collectivity, and interdependence. Women's fears of exercising power, men's resistance to sharing power, the traditional ways in which women attain power are all concerns that are examined. Real power lies in exercising leadership, which implies risk-taking. Exploring the gender disequilibrium in issues of power--both the female advantage and the female disadvantage-as exemplified by the glass ceiling and its origins--helps to clarify the issues involved in empowerment.

Is this (still) a man's world?

PubMed

Metaxa, Victoria

2013-01-29

During the past 50 years, the participation of women in medicine has increased dramatically. However, this encouraging influx has not been accompanied by equality for male and female faculty in terms of rank attainment, leadership roles and salaries. There is considerable evidence that women are still under-represented in the higher echelons of academic medicine, either as heads of departments, authors of scientific papers or members of editorial boards. Participation in medical congresses is another important measure of medical achievement; this manuscript comments on the female representation in four of the largest international meetings in the field of intensive care medicine (ICM). It notes the scarcity of female faculty members and proposes several explanations for this phenomenon. The notable under-representation of women in the ICM congresses suggests the existence of a 'glass ceiling' in the field of intensive care medicine, a specialty that, up until today, hasn't been considered as traditionally 'male'.

Is this (still) a man's world?

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

During the past 50 years, the participation of women in medicine has increased dramatically. However, this encouraging influx has not been accompanied by equality for male and female faculty in terms of rank attainment, leadership roles and salaries. There is considerable evidence that women are still under-represented in the higher echelons of academic medicine, either as heads of departments, authors of scientific papers or members of editorial boards. Participation in medical congresses is another important measure of medical achievement; this manuscript comments on the female representation in four of the largest international meetings in the field of intensive care medicine (ICM). It notes the scarcity of female faculty members and proposes several explanations for this phenomenon. The notable under-representation of women in the ICM congresses suggests the existence of a 'glass ceiling' in the field of intensive care medicine, a specialty that, up until today, hasn't been considered as traditionally 'male'. PMID:23360566

We'll never get past the glass ceiling! Meta-stereotyping, world-views and perceived relative group-worth.

PubMed

Owuamalam, Chuma; Zagefka, Hanna

2013-11-01

This article examines the implications of perceived negativity from members of a dominant outgroup on the world views and perceived relative group worth of members of disadvantaged groups. We hypothesized that concerns about the negative opinions a dominant outgroup is perceived to hold of the ingroup (i.e., meta-stereotypes) would undermine group members' views about societal fairness. We expected this trend to be mediated by recall of previous personal experiences of discrimination. We further hypothesized that members' views about societal fairness would predict their perception of the ingroup's worth relative to the outgroup - such that undermined views about societal fairness would be associated with lower perceived ingroup worth relative to the outgroup. Taken jointly, results from two studies using two real intergroup contexts support these hypotheses and are discussed in terms of their implications for the social mobility of members of disadvantaged groups. © 2012 The British Psychological Society.

Leading ladies: women in healthcare leadership.

PubMed

Fontenot, Teri

2012-01-01

Women represent an overwhelming majority of the healthcare workforce, yet they are significantly underrepresented in leadership positions, particularly at the executive and board levels. However, women are uniquely positioned to leverage traits such as compassion, transparency, and the ability to foster teamwork to lead organizations into the next phase of contemporary healthcare delivery. In the future, the pace with which women gain access to the C-suite will accelerate as organizations embrace diversity and select the best qualified leaders in terms of both experience and leadership style that supports organizational culture. While the future for women in healthcare leadership looks bright, many women are currently struggling to reach the executive office, facing glass ceilings, competing priorities, and lack of access to support and guidance. In this article I discuss the role of women in healthcare leadership and offer practical suggestions on how women can reach the top echelon and achieve their goals and aspirations.

The gender gap reloaded: are school characteristics linked to labor market performance?

PubMed

Konstantopoulos, Spyros; Constant, Amelie

2008-06-01

This study examines the wage gender gap of young adults in the 1970s, 1980s, and 2000 in the US. Using quantile regression we estimate the gender gap across the entire wage distribution. We also study the importance of high school characteristics in predicting future labor market performance. We conduct analyses for three major racial/ethnic groups in the US: Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, employing data from two rich longitudinal studies: NLS and NELS. Our results indicate that while some school characteristics are positive and significant predictors of future wages for Whites, they are less so for the two minority groups. We find significant wage gender disparities favoring men across all three surveys in the 1970s, 1980s, and 2000. The wage gender gap is more pronounced in higher paid jobs (90th quantile) for all groups, indicating the presence of a persistent and alarming "glass ceiling."

Sensitivity to Change and Responsiveness of Four Balance Measures for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

PubMed Central

Latham, Nancy K.; Jette, Alan M.; Wagenaar, Robert C.; Ni, Pengsheng; Slavin, Mary D.; Bean, Jonathan F.

2012-01-01

Background Impaired balance has a significant negative impact on mobility, functional independence, and fall risk in older adults. Although several, well-respected balance measures are currently in use, there is limited evidence regarding the most appropriate measure to assess change in community-dwelling older adults. Objective The aim of this study was to compare floor and ceiling effects, sensitivity to change, and responsiveness across the following balance measures in community-dwelling elderly people with functional limitations: Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment total scale (POMA-T), POMA balance subscale (POMA-B), and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). Design Retrospective data from a 16-week exercise trial were used. Secondary analyses were conducted on the total sample and by subgroups of baseline functional limitation or baseline balance scores. Methods Participants were 111 community-dwelling older adults 65 years of age or older, with functional limitations. Sensitivity to change was assessed using effect size, standardized response mean, and paired t tests. Responsiveness was assessed using minimally important difference (MID) estimates. Results No floor effects were noted. Ceiling effects were observed on all measures, including in people with moderate to severe functional limitations. The POMA-T, POMA-B, and DGI showed significantly larger ceiling effects compared with the BBS. All measures had low sensitivity to change in total sample analyses. Subgroup analyses revealed significantly better sensitivity to change in people with lower compared with higher baseline balance scores. Although both the total sample and lower baseline balance subgroups showed statistically significant improvement from baseline to 16 weeks on all measures, only the lower balance subgroup showed change scores that consistently exceeded corresponding MID estimates. Limitations This study was limited to comparing 4 measures of balance, and anchor-based methods for assessing MID could not be reported. Conclusions Important limitations, including ceiling effects and relatively low sensitivity to change and responsiveness, were noted across all balance measures, highlighting their limited utility across the full spectrum of the community-dwelling elderly population. New, more challenging measures are needed for better discrimination of balance ability in community-dwelling elderly people at higher functional levels. PMID:22114200

13 CFR 107.855 - Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... § 107.855 Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”). “Cost of Money” means the interest and other consideration that you receive from a Small Business. Subject to lower ceilings prescribed by local law, the Cost of Money to the Small Business must not exceed...

13 CFR 107.855 - Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... § 107.855 Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”). “Cost of Money” means the interest and other consideration that you receive from a Small Business. Subject to lower ceilings prescribed by local law, the Cost of Money to the Small Business must not exceed...

13 CFR 107.855 - Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... § 107.855 Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”). “Cost of Money” means the interest and other consideration that you receive from a Small Business. Subject to lower ceilings prescribed by local law, the Cost of Money to the Small Business must not exceed...

13 CFR 107.855 - Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... § 107.855 Interest rate ceiling and limitations on fees charged to Small Businesses (“Cost of Money”). “Cost of Money” means the interest and other consideration that you receive from a Small Business. Subject to lower ceilings prescribed by local law, the Cost of Money to the Small Business must not exceed...

10 CFR Appendix V to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fan Light Kits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of Ceiling Fan Light Kits V Appendix V to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS Test Procedures Pt. 430, Subpt. B, App. V Appendix V to Subpart B of Part 430—Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fan...

Development and assessment of floor and ceiling items for the PROMIS physical function item bank

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Introduction Disability and Physical Function (PF) outcome assessment has had limited ability to measure functional status at the floor (very poor functional abilities) or the ceiling (very high functional abilities). We sought to identify, develop and evaluate new floor and ceiling items to enable broader and more precise assessment of PF outcomes for the NIH Patient-Reported-Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Methods We conducted two cross-sectional studies using NIH PROMIS item improvement protocols with expert review, participant survey and focus group methods. In Study 1, respondents with low PF abilities evaluated new floor items, and those with high PF abilities evaluated new ceiling items for clarity, importance and relevance. In Study 2, we compared difficulty ratings of new floor items by low functioning respondents and ceiling items by high functioning respondents to reference PROMIS PF-10 items. We used frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations to analyze the data. Results In Study 1, low (n = 84) and high (n = 90) functioning respondents were mostly White, women, 70 years old, with some college, and disability scores of 0.62 and 0.30. More than 90% of the 31 new floor and 31 new ceiling items were rated as clear, important and relevant, leaving 26 ceiling and 30 floor items for Study 2. Low (n = 246) and high (n = 637) functioning Study 2 respondents were mostly White, women, 70 years old, with some college, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores of 1.62 and 0.003. Compared to difficulty ratings of reference items, ceiling items were rated to be 10% more to greater than 40% more difficult to do, and floor items were rated to be about 12% to nearly 90% less difficult to do. Conclusions These new floor and ceiling items considerably extend the measurable range of physical function at either extreme. They will help improve instrument performance in populations with broad functional ranges and those concentrated at one or the other extreme ends of functioning. Optimal use of these new items will be assisted by computerized adaptive testing (CAT), reducing questionnaire burden and insuring item administration to appropriate individuals. PMID:24286166

An experimental investigation of the effect of boundary layer refraction on the noise from a high-speed propeller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dittmar, J. H.; Burns, R. J.; Leciejewski, D. J.

1984-01-01

Models of supersonic propellers were previously tested for acoustics in the Lewis 8- by 6-Foot Wind Tunnel using pressure transducers mounted in the tunnel ceiling. The boundary layer on the tunnel ceiling is believed to refract some of the propeller noise away from the measurement transducers. Measurements were made on a plate installed in the wind tunnel which had a thinner boundary layer than the ceiling boundary layer. The plate was installed in two locations for comparison with tunnel ceiling noise data and with fuselage data taken on the NASA Dryden Jetstar airplane. Analysis of the data indicates that the refraction increases with: increasing boundary layer thickness; increasing free stream Mach number; increasing frequency; and decreasing sound radiation angle (toward the inlet axis). At aft radiation angles greater than about 100 deg there was little or no refraction. Comparisons with the airplane data indicated that not only is the boundary layer thickness important but also the shape of the velocity profile. Comparisons with an existing two-dimensional theory, using an idealized shear layer to approximate the boundary layer, showed that the theory and data had the same trends. Analysis of the data taken in the tunnel at two different distances from the propeller indicates a decay with distance in the wind tunnel at high Mach numbers but the decay at low Mach numbers is not as clear.

11. Detail of the interior, looking through an interior doorway ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Detail of the interior, looking through an interior doorway toward the front and east window. Note: This photograph shows that the building had been converted to a residence following its use as a school. In addition, the hazardous condition of the structure's interior is evident. Two ceilings which are visible in the photograph, (the upper, probably original plastered ceiling, and a secondary, adapted ceiling) as well as ceiling joists in the southernmost rooms have collapsed. Because of the dangerous condition of the interior of the building, additional interior photography was not attempted at this time. - Perry Township School No. 3, Middle Mount Vernon & Eickhoff Roads, Evansville, Vanderburgh County, IN

Cost-effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy vs. enhanced usual care in the treatment of adolescents with self-harm.

PubMed

Haga, Egil; Aas, Eline; Grøholt, Berit; Tørmoen, Anita J; Mehlum, Lars

2018-01-01

Studies have shown that dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is effective in reducing self-harm in adults and adolescents. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DBT for adolescents (DBT-A) compared to enhanced usual care (EUC). In a randomised study, 77 adolescents with repeated self-harm were allocated to 19 weeks of outpatient treatment, either DBT-A ( n  = 39) or EUC ( n  = 38). Cost-effective analyses, including estimation of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, were conducted with self-harm and global functioning (CGAS) as health outcomes. Using self-harm as effect outcome measure, the probability of DBT being cost-effective compared to EUC increased with increasing willingness to pay up to a ceiling of 99.5% (threshold of € 1400), while with CGAS as effect outcome measure, this ceiling was 94.9% (threshold of € 1600). Given the data, DBT-A had a high probability of being a cost-effective treatment.

Long-term performance of passive materials for removal of ozone from indoor air.

PubMed

Cros, C J; Morrison, G C; Siegel, J A; Corsi, R L

2012-02-01

The health effects associated with exposure to ozone range from respiratory irritation to increased mortality. In this paper, we explore the use of three green building materials and an activated carbon (AC) mat that remove ozone from indoor air. We studied the effects of long-term exposure of these materials to real environments on ozone removal capability and pre- and post-ozonation emissions. A field study was completed over a 6-month period, and laboratory testing was intermittently conducted on material samples retrieved from the field. The results show sustained ozone removal for all materials except recycled carpet, with greatest ozone deposition velocity for AC mat (2.5-3.8 m/h) and perlite-based ceiling tile (2.2-3.2 m/h). Carbonyl emission rates were low for AC across all field sites. Painted gypsum wallboard and perlite-based ceiling tile had similar overall emission rates over the 6-month period, while carpet had large initial emission rates of undesirable by-products that decayed rapidly but remained high compared with other materials. This study confirms that AC mats and perlite-based ceiling tile are viable surfaces for inclusion in buildings to remove ozone without generating undesirable by-products. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The use of passive removal materials for ozone control could decrease the need for, or even render unnecessary, active but energy consuming control solutions. In buildings where ozone should be controlled (high outdoor ozone concentrations, sensitive populations), materials specifically designed or selected for removing ozone could be implemented, as long as ozone removal is not associated with large emissions of harmful by-products. We find that activated carbon mats and perlite-based ceiling tiles can provide substantial, long-lasting, ozone control. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Is the Woodcock-Johnson III a Test for All Seasons? Ceiling and Item Gradient Considerations in Its Use with Older Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krasa, Nancy

2007-01-01

This study assesses the adequacy of item gradients and ceilings for the subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ III) Cognitive and Achievement batteries, including the Diagnostic Supplement, in their use with participants ages 16 to 25 and Grades 10 to 18. Of the 52 subtests, 18 contain adequate item gradients and ceilings for the entire age and…

Statistical Short-Range Forecast Guidance for Cloud Ceilings Over the Shuttle Landing Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lambert, Winifred C.

2001-01-01

This report describes the results of the AMU's Short-Range Statistical Forecasting task. The cloud ceiling forecast over the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) is a critical element in determining whether a Shuttle should land. Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) forecasters find that ceilings at the SLF are challenging to forecast. The AMU was tasked to develop ceiling forecast equations to minimize the challenge. Studies in the literature that showed success in improving short-term forecasts of ceiling provided the basis for the AMU task. A 20-year record of cool-season hourly surface observations from stations in east-central Florida was used for the equation development. Two methods were used: an observations-based (OBS) method that incorporated data from all stations, and a persistence climatology (PCL) method used as the benchmark. Equations were developed for 1-, 2-, and 3-hour lead times at each hour of the day. A comparison between the two methods indicated that the OBS equations performed well and produced an improvement over the PCL equations. Therefore, the conclusion of the AMU study is that OBS equations produced more accurate forecasts than the PCL equations, and can be used in operations. They provide another tool with which to make the ceiling forecasts that are critical to safe Shuttle landings at KSC.

Attic construction with sheathing-applied insulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rose, W.B.

1995-12-31

Two years of study at a building research laboratory have been applied to cathedralized residential attic construction. Cathedralized attics are rafter-framed or truss-framed attics with flat ceilings in which the insulation is placed against the underside of the roof sheathing rather than on top of the ceiling drywall. The potential benefits of sheathing-applied insulation are considerable and are due to the fact that the attic space becomes part of the conditioned volume. Concern is often expressed that moisture damage may occur in the sheathing. The intent of the current study was to address those concerns. This study allowed an assessmentmore » of the performance of cathedralized ceilings, given the following construction variables: (1) ventilation vs. no ventilation, (2) continuous air chute construction vs. stuffed insulation construction, and (3) opens joints in exposed kraft facing vs. taped joints. The results were compared to a concurrent study of the performance of cathedral ceilings with sloped ceiling drywall. The results show that having an air chute that ensures an air gap between the sheathing and the top of the insulation is the critical factor. Ventilation and the taping of joints were minor determinants of the moisture performance of the sheathing. These results are consistent with the results of normal cathedral ceiling construction performance.« less

Psychometric properties of the Calgary Cambridge guides to assess communication skills of undergraduate medical students.

PubMed

Simmenroth-Nayda, Anne; Heinemann, Stephanie; Nolte, Catharina; Fischer, Thomas; Himmel, Wolfgang

2014-12-06

The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the short version of the Calgary Cambridge Guides and to decide whether it can be recommended for use in the assessment of communications skills in young undergraduate medical students. Using a translated version of the Guide, 30 members from the Department of General Practice rated 5 videotaped encounters between students and simulated patients twice. Item analysis should detect possible floor and/or ceiling effects. The construct validity was investigated using exploratory factor analysis. Intra-rater reliability was measured in an interval of 3 months, inter-rater reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. The score distribution of the items showed no ceiling or floor effects. Four of the five factors extracted from the factor analysis represented important constructs of doctor-patient communication The ratings for the first and second round of assessing the videos correlated at 0.75 (p<0.0001). Intraclass correlation coefficients for each item ranged were moderate and ranged from 0.05 to 0.57. Reasonable score distributions of most items without ceiling or floor effects as well as a good test-retest reliability and construct validity recommend the C-CG as an instrument for assessing communication skills in undergraduate medical students. Some deficiencies in inter-rater reliability are a clear indication that raters need a thorough instruction before using the C-CG.

Breaking through the uncertainty ceiling in LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horstwood, M.

2016-12-01

Sources of systematic uncertainty associated with session-to-session bias are the dominant contributor to the 2% (2s) uncertainty ceiling that currently limits the accuracy of LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology. Sources include differential downhole fractionation (LIEF), `matrix effects' and ablation volume differences, which result in irreproducibility of the same reference material across sessions. Current mitigation methods include correcting for LIEF mathematically, using matrix-matched reference materials, annealing material to reduce or eliminate radiation damage effects and tuning for robust plasma conditions. Reducing the depth and volume of ablation can also mitigate these problems and should contribute to the reduction of the uncertainty ceiling. Reducing analysed volume leads to increased detection efficiency, reduced matrix-effects, eliminates LIEF, obviates ablation rate differences and reduces the likelihood of intercepting complex growth zones with depth, thereby apparently improving material homogeneity. High detection efficiencies (% level) and low sampling volumes (20um box, 1-2um deep) can now be achieved using MC-ICP-MS such that low volume ablations should be considered part of the toolbox of methods targeted at improving the reproducibility of LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology. In combination with other strategies these improvements should be feasible on any ICP platform. However, reducing the volume of analysis reduces detected counts and requires a change of analytical approach in order to mitigate this. Appropriate strategies may include the use of high efficiency cell and torch technologies and the optimisation of acquisition protocols and data handling techniques such as condensing signal peaks, using log ratios and total signal integration. The tools required to break the 2% (2s) uncertainty ceiling in LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology are likely now known but require a coherent strategy and change of approach to combine their implementation and realise this goal. This study will highlight these changes and efforts towards reducing the uncertainty contribution for LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology.

Noninvasive evaluation of the chronic influence of local air velocity from an air conditioner using salivary cortisol and skin caspase-14 as biomarkers of psychosomatic and environmental stress.

PubMed

Yamaguchi, M; Nishimiya, H

2012-01-01

To demonstrate the possibility of evaluating the chronic influence of local air velocity from an air conditioner using noninvasive biomarkers. Over a consecutive 5-day period, 16 healthy young male adults were exposed to air flow from a whole ceiling-type air conditioner (low local air velocity) and from a commercial concentrated exhaust air conditioner (high local air velocity). Salivary cortisol was used as an index of the psychological effects and caspase-14, collected from the stratum corneum, was used as a marker of environmental stress on the skin. Local air velocity generated from the whole ceiling-type air conditioner where the subject's head was positioned was one-seventh that of the exhaust air conditioner. After exposure to the exhaust air conditioner for 5 days, salivary cortisol decreased significantly from morning to evening and skin caspase-14 gradually increased during the day. A significant increase in hydration index from the morning to the evening was found with the whole ceiling-type air conditioner. The effects of chronic exposure to air movement generated by an air conditioner may be quantified by measurement of salivary cortisol and skin caspase-14.

Inspection In Overhead Spaces Containing Asbestos

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, Jacque; Hartwick, George; Hutcherson, Jerry

1989-01-01

Procedure for inspection in spaces above dropped ceilings that contain asbestos saves time and effort without sacrificing safety. With new method, only items of safety equipment needed are glove bag, storage bag, and roll of adhesive tape. Inspector tapes glove bag tightly to support grid around ceiling tile to be removed. With hands in gloves inspector lifts tile gently and places it aside. Extending head and shoulders into bag, inspector examines space above ceiling with help of flashlight.

Head-up transition behavior of pilots during simulated low-visibility approaches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haines, R. F.

1980-01-01

Each of 13 commercial pilots from four airlines flew a total of 108 manual flight director approaches in a moving base simulation of a medium-sized turbojet (95,000 lb gross weight) which had a day and night Redifon external scene. Three levels of runway visual range (RVR) (1,600; 2,400; and greater than 8,000 ft), three wind-shear profiles, nine ceiling heights, and continuous and intermittent visibility after initial breakout were tested. The results indicated that: (1) mean decision time ranged from 2 to 4.6 sec for ceilings under 380 ft across the three RVR conditions; (2) mean vertical distance traveled during the visual-cue assessment period was a relatively constant proportion below the existing ceiling; (3) a significant three way interaction in mean decision time between wind shear, day-night, and ceiling RVR variables occurred; (4) mean number of head-up transitions to VFR conditions after breakout ranged from 4.6 to 13.4 and increased as a function of ceiling and severity of wind shear; the typical duration of fixation out the window was 1.5 sec; and (5) subjective pilot ratings of controllability and precision of control as well as amount of skill, attention, or effort required to make the landing were influenced significantly by the wind shear, night conditions, and low breakout ceiling conditions.

Measurement of Sound Speed in Thread

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saito, Shigemi; Shibata, Yasuhiro; Ichiki, Akira; Miyazaki, Akiho

2006-05-01

By employing thin wires, human hairs and threads, the measurement of sound speed in a thread whose diameter is smaller than 0.2 mm has been attempted. Preparing two cylindrical ceramic transducers with a 300 kHz resonance frequency, a perforated glass bead to be knotted by a sample thread is bonded to the center of the end surface of each transducer. After connecting these transducers with a sample thread, a receiving transducer is attached at a ceiling so as to hang another transmitting transducer with the thread. A glass bead is bonded to another end surface of the transmitting transducer so that tension, varied with a hanged plumb, can be applied to the sample thread. The time delay of the received signal relative to the transmitting pulse is measured while gradually shortening the thread. Sound speed is determined by the proportionality of time delay with thread length. Although the measured values for metallic wires are somewhat different from the values derived from the density and Young’s modulus cited in references, they are reproducible. The sound speed for human hairs of over twenty samples, which varies between 2000 and 2500 m/s, seems to depend on hair quality. Sound speed in a cotton thread is found to approach a constant value under large tension. An advanced measurement system available for uncut threads is also presented, where semi cylindrical transducers pinch the thread.

Social acceptability and durability of two different house screening interventions against exposure to malaria vectors, Plasmodium falciparum infection, and anemia in children in the Gambia, West Africa.

PubMed

Kirby, Matthew J; Bah, Pateh; Jones, Caroline O H; Kelly, Ann H; Jasseh, Momodou; Lindsay, Steve W

2010-11-01

The social acceptability and durability of two house screening interventions were addressed using focus group discussions, questionnaires, indoor climate measurements, and durability surveys. Participants recognized that screening stopped mosquitoes (79-96%) and other insects (86-98%) entering their houses. These and other benefits were appreciated by significantly more recipients of full screening than users of screened ceilings. Full screened houses were 0.26°C hotter at night (P = 0.05) than houses with screened ceilings and 0.51°C (P < 0.001) hotter than houses with no screening (28.43°C), though only 9% of full screened house users and 17% of screened ceiling users complained about the heat. Although 71% of screened doors and 85% of ceilings had suffered some damage after 12 months, the average number of holes of any size was < 5 for doors and < 7 for ceilings. In conclusion, house screening is a well-appreciated and durable vector control tool.

Social Acceptability and Durability of Two Different House Screening Interventions against Exposure to Malaria Vectors, Plasmodium falciparum Infection, and Anemia in Children in The Gambia, West Africa

PubMed Central

Kirby, Matthew J.; Bah, Pateh; Jones, Caroline O. H.; Kelly, Ann H.; Jasseh, Momodou; Lindsay, Steve W.

2010-01-01

The social acceptability and durability of two house screening interventions were addressed using focus group discussions, questionnaires, indoor climate measurements, and durability surveys. Participants recognized that screening stopped mosquitoes (79–96%) and other insects (86–98%) entering their houses. These and other benefits were appreciated by significantly more recipients of full screening than users of screened ceilings. Full screened houses were 0.26°C hotter at night (P = 0.05) than houses with screened ceilings and 0.51°C (P < 0.001) hotter than houses with no screening (28.43°C), though only 9% of full screened house users and 17% of screened ceiling users complained about the heat. Although 71% of screened doors and 85% of ceilings had suffered some damage after 12 months, the average number of holes of any size was < 5 for doors and < 7 for ceilings. In conclusion, house screening is a well-appreciated and durable vector control tool. PMID:21036822

Evaluation of fungal growth on cellulose-containing and inorganic ceiling tile.

PubMed

Karunasena, E; Markham, N; Brasel, T; Cooley, J D; Straus, D C

2001-01-01

Buildings with poor indoor air quality (IAQ) frequently have many areas with surface fungal contamination. Studies have demonstrated that certain fungal genera (e.g., Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys) are able to grow on building materials such as wallpaper, drywall, and ceiling tiles, particularly after water damage has occurred. Due to the increasing awareness of sick building syndrome (SBS), it has become essential to identify building materials that prevent the interior growth of fungi. The objective of this study was to identify building materials that would not support the growth of certain fungal genera, regardless of whether an external food source was made available. The growth of three fungal genera (Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys) was evaluated on cellulose-containing ceiling tile (CCT) and inorganic ceiling tile (ICT). Both types of ceiling tile were exposed to environmental conditions which can occur inside a building. Our results show that ICT did not support the growth of these three fungal genera while CCT did. Our data demonstrate that ICT could serve as an ideal replacement for CCT.

Use of PROMIS for Patients Undergoing Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

PubMed Central

Dowdle, S. Blake; Glass, Natalie; Anthony, Chris A.; Hettrich, Carolyn M.

2017-01-01

Background: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) consists of question banks for health domains through computer adaptive testing (CAT). Hypothesis: For patients with glenohumeral arthritis, (1) there would be high correlation between traditional patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and the PROMIS upper extremity item bank (PROMIS UE) and PROMIS physical function CAT (PROMIS PF CAT), and (2) PROMIS PF CAT would not demonstrate ceiling effects. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Sixty-one patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis were included. Each patient completed the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) assessment form, Marx Shoulder Activity Scale, Short Form–36 physical function scale (SF-36 PF), EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire, Western Ontario Osteoarthritis Shoulder (WOOS) index, PROMIS PF CAT, and the PROMIS UE. Correlation was defined as high (>0.7), moderate (0.4-0.6), or weak (0.2-0.3). Significant floor and ceiling effects were present if more than 15% of individuals scored the lowest or highest possible total score on any PRO. Results: The PROMIS PF demonstrated excellent correlation with the SF-36 PF (r = 0.81, P < .0001) and good correlation with the ASES (r = 0.62, P < .0001), EQ-5D (r = 0.64, P < .001), and WOOS index (r = 0.51, P < .01). The PROMIS PF demonstrated low correlation with the Marx scale (r = 0.29, P = .02). The PROMIS UE demonstrated good correlation with the ASES (r = 0.55, P < .0001), SF-36 (r = 0.53, P < .01), EQ-5D (r = 0.48, P < .01), and WOOS (r = 0.34, P <.01), and poor correlation with the Marx scale (r = 0.06, P = .62). There were no ceiling or floor effects observed. The mean number of items administered by the PROMIS PRO was 4. Conclusion: These data suggest that for a patient population with operative shoulder osteoarthritis, PROMIS UE and PROMIS PF CAT may be valid alternative PROs. Additionally, PROMIS PF CAT offers a decreased question burden with no ceiling effects. PMID:28944248

Real-time modeling of heat distributions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hamann, Hendrik F.; Li, Hongfei; Yarlanki, Srinivas

Techniques for real-time modeling temperature distributions based on streaming sensor data are provided. In one aspect, a method for creating a three-dimensional temperature distribution model for a room having a floor and a ceiling is provided. The method includes the following steps. A ceiling temperature distribution in the room is determined. A floor temperature distribution in the room is determined. An interpolation between the ceiling temperature distribution and the floor temperature distribution is used to obtain the three-dimensional temperature distribution model for the room.

48 CFR 16.201 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for an adjustable price may include a ceiling price, a target price (including target cost), or both. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the ceiling price or target price is subject to adjustment...

48 CFR 16.201 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for an adjustable price may include a ceiling price, a target price (including target cost), or both. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the ceiling price or target price is subject to adjustment...

Interior detail of lobby ceiling design; camera facing east. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior detail of lobby ceiling design; camera facing east. - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Defense Electronics Equipment Operating Center, I Street, terminus west of Cedar Avenue, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

Self-Cleaning Synthetic Adhesive Surfaces Mimicking Tokay Geckos.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Branson, Eric D.; Singh, Seema; Burckel, David Bruce

2006-11-01

A gecko's extraordinary ability to suspend itself from walls and ceilings of varied surface roughness has interested humans for hundreds of years. Many theories and possible explanations describing this phenomenon have been proposed including sticky secretions, microsuckers, and electrostatic forces; however, today it is widely accepted that van der Waals forces play the most important role in this type of dry adhesion. Inarguably, the vital feature that allows a gecko's suspension is the presence of billions 3 of tiny hairs on the pad of its foot called spatula. These features are small enough to reach within van der Waals distancesmore » of any surface (spatula radius %7E100 nm); thus, the combined effect of billions of van der Waals interactions is more than sufficient to hold a gecko's weight to surfaces such as smooth ceilings or wet glass. Two lithographic approaches were used to make hierarchal structures with dimensions similar to the gecko foot dimensions noted above. One approach combined photo-lithography with soft lithography (micro-molding). In this fabrication scheme the fiber feature size, defined by the alumina micromold was 0.2 um in diameter and 60 um in height. The second approach followed more conventional photolithography-based patterning. Patterned features with dimensions %7E0.3 mm in diameter by 0.5 mm tall were produced. We used interfacial force microscopy employing a parabolic diamond tip with a diameter of 200 nm to measure the surface adhesion of these structures. The measured adhesive forces ranged from 0.3 uN - 0.6 uN, yielding an average bonding stress between 50 N/cm2 to 100 N/cm2. By comparison the reported literature value for the average stress of a Tokay gecko foot is 10 N/cm2. Acknowledgements This work was funded by Sandia National Laboratory's Laboratory Directed Research & Development program (LDRD). All coating processes were conducted in the cleanroom facility located at the University of New Mexico's Center for High Technology Materials (CHTM). SEM images were performed at UNM's Center for Micro-Engineering on equipment funded by a NSF New Mexico EPSCoR grant. 4« less

BLDG 10, INTERIOR DETAIL OF WINDOW AND CEILING FEED HATCHES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

BLDG 10, INTERIOR DETAIL OF WINDOW AND CEILING FEED HATCHES - Naval Magazine Lualualei, Headquarters Branch, Storage Building, Kolekole Road near Sixty-first Street intersection, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

18. Photocopy of undated illustration in unidentified publication. CEILING AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Photocopy of undated illustration in unidentified publication. CEILING AND REREDOS PRESERVED IN 1884 RESTORATION - Mission Santa Clara de Asis, Franklin & Grant Streets, Santa Clara, Santa Clara County, CA

48 CFR 243.204-70-2 - Price ceiling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS Change Orders 243.204-70-2 Price ceiling. Unpriced change orders shall include a not-to-exceed price. [75 FR 48277, Aug. 10, 2010] ...

Breaking the glass ceiling: hollow OmniGuide fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Steven G.; Ibanescu, Mihai; Skorobogatiy, Maksim A.; Weisberg, Ori; Engeness, Torkel D.; Soljacic, Marin; Jacobs, Steven A.; Joannopoulos, John D.; Fink, Yoel

2002-04-01

We argue that OmniGuide fibers, which guide light within a hollow core by concentric multilayer films having the property of omnidirectional reflection, have the potential to lift several physical limitations of silica fibers. We show how the strong confinement in OmniGuide fibers greatly suppresses the properties of the cladding materials: even if highly lossy and nonlinear materials are employed, both the intrinsic losses and nonlinearities of silica fibers can be surpassed by orders of magnitude. This feat, impossible to duplicate in an index-guided fiber with existing materials, would open up new regimes for long-distance propagation and dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM). The OmniGuide-fiber modes bear a strong analogy to those of hollow metallic waveguides; from this analogy, we are able to derive several general scaling laws with core radius. Moreover, there is strong loss discrimination between guided modes, depending upon their degree of confinement in the hollow core: this allows large, ostensibly multi-mode cores to be used, with the lowest-loss TE01 mode propagating in an effectively single-mode fashion. Finally, because this TE01 mode is a cylindrically symmetrical ('azimuthally' polarized) singlet state, it is immune to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), unlike the doubly-degenerate linearly-polarized modes in silica fibers that are vulnerable to birefringence.

[The gender gap in Italian medicine].

PubMed

De Simone, Silvia; Podda, Daiana; Lampis, Jessica

2015-01-28

This study is collocated in the debate about the gender gap in Medicine giving voice to female physicians who have damaged the "glass ceiling". Our research offers a contribute to the exploration about the motivations of persistence of gender gap in Medicine despite current changes. This study is based on 21 biographical interviews to female physicians who are managers in Italian hospitals. The themes emerged by data analysis concerned the participants 'discrimination experiences in their hierarchical advancement, the evidences of a persistence of horizontal segregation in some medical specializations, the difficult to find a work-life balance and the effects of this difficult on the female physicians' health. Our research confirmed a persistence of gender gap in the medical world, which disadvantages women in their career choices and in their hierarchical advancement and which appears in the form of invisible barriers impregnated of stereotypes and prejudices that are taken for granted by many men and women, especially those who have the power; these barriers make the female doctors 'health more vulnerable to the event of work-related stress. By the dates emerged the necessity of cultural and institutional interventions, actions for deconstruction of gender stereotypes, and the necessity of intervention for a more flexible and functioning work organization that satisfies the female physicians' needs.

Altitude control in honeybees: joint vision-based learning and guidance.

PubMed

Portelli, Geoffrey; Serres, Julien R; Ruffier, Franck

2017-08-23

Studies on insects' visual guidance systems have shed little light on how learning contributes to insects' altitude control system. In this study, honeybees were trained to fly along a double-roofed tunnel after entering it near either the ceiling or the floor of the tunnel. The honeybees trained to hug the ceiling therefore encountered a sudden change in the tunnel configuration midways: i.e. a "dorsal ditch". Thus, the trained honeybees met a sudden increase in the distance to the ceiling, corresponding to a sudden strong change in the visual cues available in their dorsal field of view. Honeybees reacted by rising quickly and hugging the new, higher ceiling, keeping a similar forward speed, distance to the ceiling and dorsal optic flow to those observed during the training step; whereas bees trained to follow the floor kept on following the floor regardless of the change in the ceiling height. When trained honeybees entered the tunnel via the other entry (the lower or upper entry) to that used during the training step, they quickly changed their altitude and hugged the surface they had previously learned to follow. These findings clearly show that trained honeybees control their altitude based on visual cues memorized during training. The memorized visual cues generated by the surfaces followed form a complex optic flow pattern: trained honeybees may attempt to match the visual cues they perceive with this memorized optic flow pattern by controlling their altitude.

Closeness to God among those doing God's work: a spiritual well-being measure for clergy.

PubMed

Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean; Yang, Chongming; Toth, Matthew; Corbitt Rivers, Monica; Carder, Kenneth

2014-06-01

Measuring spiritual well-being among clergy is particularly important given the high relevance of God to their lives, and yet its measurement is prone to problems such as ceiling effects and conflating religious behaviors with spiritual well-being. To create a measure of closeness to God for Christian clergy, we tested survey items at two time points with 1,513 United Methodist Church clergy. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated support for two, six-item factors: Presence and Power of God in Daily Life, and Presence and Power of God in Ministry. The data supported the predictive and concurrent validity of the two factors and evidenced high reliabilities without ceiling effects. This Clergy Spiritual Well-being Scale may be useful to elucidate the relationship among dimensions of health and well-being in clergy populations.

Psychometric properties of the Calgary Cambridge guides to assess communication skills of undergraduate medical students

PubMed Central

Simmenroth-Nayda, Anne; Heinemann, Stephanie; Nolte, Catharina; Fischer, Thomas; Himmel, Wolfgang

2014-01-01

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the short version of the Calgary Cambridge Guides and to decide whether it can be recommended for use in the assessment of communications skills in young undergraduate medical students. Methods: Using a translated version of the Guide, 30 members from the Department of General Practice rated 5 videotaped encounters between students and simulated patients twice. Item analysis should detect possible floor and/or ceiling effects. The construct validity was investigated using exploratory factor analysis. Intra-rater reliability was measured in an interval of 3 months, inter-rater reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The score distribution of the items showed no ceiling or floor effects. Four of the five factors extracted from the factor analysis represented important constructs of doctor-patient communication The ratings for the first and second round of assessing the videos correlated at 0.75 (p < 0.0001). Intraclass correlation coefficients for each item ranged were moderate and ranged from 0.05 to 0.57. Conclusions: Reasonable score distributions of most items without ceiling or floor effects as well as a good test-retest reliability and construct validity recommend the C-CG as an instrument for assessing communication skills in undergraduate medical students. Some deficiencies in inter-rater reliability are a clear indication that raters need a thorough instruction before using the C-CG. PMID:25480988

Psychometric properties of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score.

PubMed

Celik, Derya

2015-06-01

To translate and culturally adapt the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), a widely used instrument for evaluating disability associated with elbow injuries, into Turkish (MEPS-T) and to determine psychometric properties of the translated version. The MEPS was translated into Turkish using published methodological guidelines. The measurement properties of the MEPS-T (construct validity and floor and ceiling effects) were tested in 91 patients with elbow pathology. The reproducibility of the MEPS-T was tested in 59 patients over 7-14 days. The responsiveness of the MEPS-T was tested in a subgroup of 46 patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis and who received conservative treatment for 6 weeks. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to estimate the test-retest reliability. The construct validity was analyzed with the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36). Effect size (ES) was used to assess the responsiveness. The distribution of floor and ceiling effects was determined. The MEPS-T showed very good test-retest reliability (ICC 0.89). The correlation coefficients between the MEPS-T and DASH and VAS were -0.61 and -0.53, respectively (p < 0.001). The highest correlations were between the MEPS-T and the mental component summary (r = 0.47, p = 0.001) and role emotional (r = 0.45, p = 0.001). The MEPS-T ES, 0.50, was moderate (95% CI 0.33-0.62). We observed no ceiling or floor effects. The MEPS-T represents a valid, reliable and moderately responsive instrument for evaluating patients with elbow disease.

5. Historic American Buildings Survey B. Baxter Matheny, Photographer, Spring, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Historic American Buildings Survey B. Baxter Matheny, Photographer, Spring, 1973 METAL CEILING AND ROSE WINDOW, ABOVE LOWERED CEILING - First United Methodist Church, 200 North Division Street, Carson City, Carson City, NV

2ND FLOOR HALLWAY LOOKING EAST, NOTE PRESSED TIN CEILING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2ND FLOOR HALLWAY LOOKING EAST, NOTE PRESSED TIN CEILING - New York State Soldiers & Sailors Home, Building No. 29, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 76 Veterans Avenue, Bath, Steuben County, NY

37. PATTERNS HANGING FROM CEILING AND OFFICE WALL, NOTE CRAFTSMANSHIP ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

37. PATTERNS HANGING FROM CEILING AND OFFICE WALL, NOTE CRAFTSMANSHIP OF CURVE-LOOKING NORTHWEST. - W. A. Young & Sons Foundry & Machine Shop, On Water Street along Monongahela River, Rices Landing, Greene County, PA

Looking Northwest at First Floor Typical Wall and Ceiling Juncture ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Looking Northwest at First Floor Typical Wall and Ceiling Juncture in Oxide Building and Loading Dock - Hematite Fuel Fabrication Facility, Oxide Building & Oxide Loading Dock, 3300 State Road P, Festus, Jefferson County, MO

INTERIOR DETAIL OF, CEILINGS OF EAST BEDROOM, NORTH WING, SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR DETAIL OF, CEILINGS OF EAST BEDROOM, NORTH WING, SHOWING PART OF MOUNTAIN LION MURAL; CAMERA FACING NORTHEAST - Harry Carey Ranch, Ranch House, 28515 San Francisquito Canyon Road, Saugus, Los Angeles County, CA

50. THIRD FLOOR, HALL, LOOKING SOUTH. Note ceiling extends down ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

50. THIRD FLOOR, HALL, LOOKING SOUTH. Note ceiling extends down over window case and exterior frieze extends halfway down top light of sash - Robinson-Aiken House, 48 Elizabeth Street, Charleston, Charleston County, SC

2. Ice Plant interior, east section, looking north. Insulated walls ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Ice Plant interior, east section, looking north. Insulated walls and ceiling are sheathed in fir. Note condenser coils on ceiling. - Curtis Wharf, Ice Plant, O & Second Streets, Anacortes, Skagit County, WA

Speech perception scores in cochlear implant recipients: An analysis of ceiling effects in the CUNY sentence test (Quiet) in post-lingually deafened cochlear implant recipients.

PubMed

Ebrahimi-Madiseh, Azadeh; Eikelboom, Robert H; Jayakody, Dona Mp; Atlas, Marcus D

2016-01-01

To evaluate the clinical utility of the City University of New York sentence test in a cohort of post-lingually deafened cochlear implants recipients over time. 117 post-lingually deafened, Australian English-speaking CI recipients aged between 23 and 98 years (M = 66 years; SD = 15.09) were recruited. CUNY sentence test scores in quiet were collated and analysed at two cut-offs, 95% and 100%, as ceiling scores. CUNY sentence scores ranged from 4% to 100% (M = 86.75; SD = 20.65), with 38.8% of participants scoring 95% and 16.5% of participants reaching the 100% scores. The percentage of participants reaching the 95% and 100% ceiling scores increased over time (6 and 12 months post-implantation). The distribution of all post-operative CUNY test scores skewed to the right with 82% of test scores reaching above 90%. This study demonstrates that the CUNY test cannot be used as a valid tool to measure the speech perception skills of post-lingually deafened CI recipients over time. This may be overcome by using adaptive test protocols or linguistically, cognitively or contextually demanding test materials. The high percentage of CI recipients achieving ceiling scores for the CUNY sentence test in quiet at 3 months post-implantation, questions the validity of using CUNY in CI assessment test battery and limits its application for use in longitudinal studies evaluating CI outcomes. Further studies are required to examine different methods to overcome this problem.

Translation and validation of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index for use in Nigeria.

PubMed

Asoegwu, C N; Nwawolo, C C; Okubadejo, N U

2017-07-01

The Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) is a validated and reliable measure of severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the instrument for use in Nigeria. This is a methodological study. 71 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis attending two Otolaryngology clinics in Lagos, Nigeria. Using standardized methods and trained translators, the RSDI was translated to vernacular (Yoruba language) and back-translated to culturally appropriate English. Data analysis comprised of assessment of the item quality, content validity and internal consistency of the back-translated Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (bRSDI), and correlation to the original RSDI. Content validity (floor and ceiling effects) showed 0% floor and ceiling effects for the total scores, 0% ceiling effects for all domains and floor effect for physical domain, and 9.9 and 8.5% floor effects for functional and emotional domains, respectively. The mean item-own correlation for physical domain was 0.54 ± 0.08, 0.72 ± 0.08 for functional domain and 0.74 ± 0.07 for emotional domain. All domain item-own correlations were higher than item-other domain correlations. The total Cronbach's alpha was 0.936 and was higher than 0.70 for all the domains representing good internal consistency. Pearson correlation analysis showed strong correlation of RSDI to bRSDI (total score 0.881; p = 0.000, and domain subscores-physical: 0.788; p = 0.000, functional: 0.830; p = 0.000, and emotional: 0.888; p = 0.000). The back-translated Rhinosinusitis Disability Index shows good face and content validity with good internal consistency while correlating linearly and significantly with the original Rhinosinusitis Disability Index and is recommended for use in Nigeria.

18. FIRST FLOOR, DETAIL OF CEILING AND LIGHT FIXTURE (AS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. FIRST FLOOR, DETAIL OF CEILING AND LIGHT FIXTURE (AS SEEN IN SC-135-18), MADE OF BRASS, ORIGINALLY GAS, CONVERTED TO ELECTRICITY, FIXTURE LIT - Market Hall, 188 Meeting Street, Charleston, Charleston County, SC

Needs for and environmental risks from transgenic crops in the developing world.

PubMed

Gressel, Jonathan

2010-11-30

The developing world has many unique constraints to crop production and, lacking inputs, they are best overcome if solutions are seed borne. Classical breeding cannot overcome many of these constraints because the species have attained a 'genetic glass ceiling', the genes are not available within the species. Transgenics can supply the genes, but typically not as 'hand me down genes' from the developed world because of the unique problems: mainly parasitic weeds, and weedy rice, stem borers and post-harvest insects, viral diseases, tropical mycotoxins, anti-feedants, toxic heavy metals and mineral deficiencies. Public sector involvement is imperative for genetically engineering against these constraints, as the private biotechnology sector does not see the developing world as a viable market in most instances. Rice, sorghum, barley, wheat and millets have related weeds, and in certain cases, transgenic gene containment and/or mitigation is necessary to prevent establishment of transgenes in the weedy relatives. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Risk factors for tornado injuries.

PubMed

Eidson, M; Lybarger, J A; Parsons, J E; MacCormack, J N; Freeman, J I

1990-12-01

Tornadoes in North and South Carolina on 28 March 1984 caused 252 people to be injured seriously enough to require hospitalization and 59 to be killed. To evaluate risk factors, we gathered information on 238 (94%) of those hospitalized and 46 (78%) of those killed. Those hospitalized or deceased had statistically significantly more deep cuts, concussions, unconsciousness and broken bones than those with them at the time of the tornado who were not hospitalized or killed. People living in mobile homes were more likely to be hospitalized or die than people occupying conventional houses. Other risk factors for hospitalization or death included advanced age (60+ years), no physical protection (not having been covered with a blanket or other object), having been struck by broken window glass or other falling objects, home lifted off its foundation, collapsed ceiling or floor, or walls blown away. More awareness of the tornado risk before it strikes and better adherence to tornado protection guidelines could reduce injuries and deaths in the future.

Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair.

PubMed

Geim, A K; Dubonos, S V; Grigorieva, I V; Novoselov, K S; Zhukov, A A; Shapoval, S Yu

2003-07-01

The amazing climbing ability of geckos has attracted the interest of philosophers and scientists alike for centuries. However, only in the past few years has progress been made in understanding the mechanism behind this ability, which relies on submicrometre keratin hairs covering the soles of geckos. Each hair produces a miniscule force approximately 10(-7) N (due to van der Waals and/or capillary interactions) but millions of hairs acting together create a formidable adhesion of approximately 10 N x cm(-2): sufficient to keep geckos firmly on their feet, even when upside down on a glass ceiling. It is very tempting to create a new type of adhesive by mimicking the gecko mechanism. Here we report on a prototype of such 'gecko tape' made by microfabrication of dense arrays of flexible plastic pillars, the geometry of which is optimized to ensure their collective adhesion. Our approach shows a way to manufacture self-cleaning, re-attachable dry adhesives, although problems related to their durability and mass production are yet to be resolved.

Developing the doctor manager: reflecting on the personal costs.

PubMed

Mark, A

1995-11-01

These reflections focus on the development of doctors as managers in the National Health Service and the way that their participation is directly influenced by the personal costs perceived to their professional roles as doctors. Research has indicated some of the problems surrounding the development of doctors as managers. Although training has led to a reduction in stress, women doctors are having to contend with a glass ceiling which is double and even sometimes triple glazed, team development is not being addressed adequately, and succession planning is occurring by default rather than design. The application of domain theory to the issue can provide some guidance for the organisation, but as individual organisations like hospitals interpret these changes in a unique way, it is suggested that the key training for the future will need to focus on transition skills between organisations, and will require interpretive and adaptive responses from both doctors and managers if they are to continue to collaborate successfully in the managerial domain.

Inspiration from role models and advice for moving forward.

PubMed

Newman, Michelle G; McGinn, Lata K

2012-12-01

This Behavior Therapy series on overcoming the glass ceiling followed from a highly attended panel at ABCT on the same topic. The current paper summarizes the common themes across the various papers in this series with respect to obstacles prominent women have faced, and how we can learn from their stories to help inform the future. These themes include the importance of role models, messages from a supportive environment, difficulties balancing careers with children, coordinating careers with family, importance of taking charge of one's career, moving forward despite negative internal and external messages, and questions about whether things have changed substantially. In addition, this paper contains a summary of the helpful advice from accomplished women in academia for navigating the academic waters. It is our aspiration that going forward this series will stimulate other conversations as well as increase thought, behavior, solidarity, and awareness about this topic so that we can continue to work toward a future when things will continue to improve for women. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geim, A. K.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Novoselov, K. S.; Zhukov, A. A.; Shapoval, S. Yu.

2003-07-01

The amazing climbing ability of geckos has attracted the interest of philosophers and scientists alike for centuries. However, only in the past few years has progress been made in understanding the mechanism behind this ability, which relies on submicrometre keratin hairs covering the soles of geckos. Each hair produces a miniscule force ~10-7 N (due to van der Waals and/or capillary interactions) but millions of hairs acting together create a formidable adhesion of ~10 N cm-2: sufficient to keep geckos firmly on their feet, even when upside down on a glass ceiling. It is very tempting to create a new type of adhesive by mimicking the gecko mechanism. Here we report on a prototype of such 'gecko tape' made by microfabrication of dense arrays of flexible plastic pillars, the geometry of which is optimized to ensure their collective adhesion. Our approach shows a way to manufacture self-cleaning, re-attachable dry adhesives, although problems related to their durability and mass production are yet to be resolved.

Why Is There a Glass Ceiling for Threading Based Protein Structure Prediction Methods?

PubMed

Skolnick, Jeffrey; Zhou, Hongyi

2017-04-20

Despite their different implementations, comparison of the best threading approaches to the prediction of evolutionary distant protein structures reveals that they tend to succeed or fail on the same protein targets. This is true despite the fact that the structural template library has good templates for all cases. Thus, a key question is why are certain protein structures threadable while others are not. Comparison with threading results on a set of artificial sequences selected for stability further argues that the failure of threading is due to the nature of the protein structures themselves. Using a new contact map based alignment algorithm, we demonstrate that certain folds are highly degenerate in that they can have very similar coarse grained fractions of native contacts aligned and yet differ significantly from the native structure. For threadable proteins, this is not the case. Thus, contemporary threading approaches appear to have reached a plateau, and new approaches to structure prediction are required.

Nothing Changes, Really: Why Women Who Break Through the Glass Ceiling End Up Reinforcing It.

PubMed

Faniko, Klea; Ellemers, Naomi; Derks, Belle; Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio

2017-05-01

Two correlational studies conducted in Switzerland ( N = 222) and Albania ( N = 156) explained the opposition of female managers to gender quotas by examining the origins and consequences of the "Queen Bee (QB)-phenomenon," whereby women who have been successful in male-dominated organizations do not support the advancement of junior women. Results disconfirm previous accounts of the QB-phenomenon as indicating competitiveness among women. Instead, the tendency of women managers to consider themselves as different from other women, and their opposition to gender quotas, emerged when junior women were addressed but not when they considered their direct competitors, other women managers. Personal sacrifices women managers reported having made for career success predicted self-distancing from junior women and opposition to gender quotas targeting these women. We provide a more nuanced picture of what the QB-response is really about, explaining why women managers oppose quotas for junior women, while supporting quotas for women in the same rank.

Submerged combustion melting processes for producing glass and similar materials, and systems for carrying out such processes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Charbonneau, Mark William

Processes of controlling submerged combustion melters, and systems for carrying out the methods. One process includes feeding vitrifiable material into a melter vessel, the melter vessel including a fluid-cooled refractory panel in its floor, ceiling, and/or sidewall, and heating the vitrifiable material with a burner directing combustion products into the melting zone under a level of the molten material in the zone. Burners impart turbulence to the molten material in the melting zone. The fluid-cooled refractory panel is cooled, forming a modified panel having a frozen or highly viscous material layer on a surface of the panel facing the moltenmore » material, and a sensor senses temperature of the modified panel using a protected thermocouple positioned in the modified panel shielded from direct contact with turbulent molten material. Processes include controlling the melter using the temperature of the modified panel. Other processes and systems are presented.« less

States' reading outcomes of students who are d/deaf and hard of hearing.

PubMed

Easterbrooks, Susan R; Beal-Alvarez, Jennifer S

2012-01-01

Historically, researchers have identified that reading outcomes for students in upper grades who are d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) have typically rested around the late 3rd to early 4th grade. In recent years, wide-scale state-level testing has called into question these prognostications. The authors conducted a descriptive, multiunit, embedded-designs case study of 7 states' data from multiyear annual assessments of reading of participants in grades 3, 5, and 8, and in high school. Participants, states' definitions of reading outcomes, and states' reported reading results are described. The authors, who found that many students are reading at levels above the perceived 3rd-to-4th-grade "glass ceiling," build the case for a more hopeful look at reading outcomes for these students than that of the past and recommend approaches for acquiring wide-scale data that will allow professionals in the field to better understand reading outcomes in this population.

Nothing Changes, Really: Why Women Who Break Through the Glass Ceiling End Up Reinforcing It

PubMed Central

Faniko, Klea; Ellemers, Naomi; Derks, Belle; Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio

2017-01-01

Two correlational studies conducted in Switzerland (N = 222) and Albania (N = 156) explained the opposition of female managers to gender quotas by examining the origins and consequences of the “Queen Bee (QB)-phenomenon,” whereby women who have been successful in male-dominated organizations do not support the advancement of junior women. Results disconfirm previous accounts of the QB-phenomenon as indicating competitiveness among women. Instead, the tendency of women managers to consider themselves as different from other women, and their opposition to gender quotas, emerged when junior women were addressed but not when they considered their direct competitors, other women managers. Personal sacrifices women managers reported having made for career success predicted self-distancing from junior women and opposition to gender quotas targeting these women. We provide a more nuanced picture of what the QB-response is really about, explaining why women managers oppose quotas for junior women, while supporting quotas for women in the same rank. PMID:28903635

Effects of Taxi Regulatory Revision in San Diego, California

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-05-01

Effective January 1979 the City of San Diego removed its previous ceiling on taxi licenses and began issuing 6 new taxi permits every month; in July, this limit was raised to 15. In August, the city replaced the standard rate of fare with a variable ...

Evaluation of Ultra High Pressure (UHP) Firefighting in a Room-and-Contents Fire

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-15

Burn Room and Hangar Temperature Prior to Ignition ............................................... 18 Figure 12. Effect of Temperature on Normalized...Figure 20. Maximum Average Temperature and Heat Flux ......................................................... 22 Figure 21. Effect of Maximum Average...Aspirated Ceiling Temperature .................................... 23 Figure 22. Effect of Maximum Average Floor Heat Flux on Extinguishment Quantity

Bubble-induced cave collapse.

PubMed

Girihagama, Lakshika; Nof, Doron; Hancock, Cathrine

2015-01-01

Conventional wisdom among cave divers is that submerged caves in aquifers, such as in Florida or the Yucatan, are unstable due to their ever-growing size from limestone dissolution in water. Cave divers occasionally noted partial cave collapses occurring while they were in the cave, attributing this to their unintentional (and frowned upon) physical contact with the cave walls or the aforementioned "natural" instability of the cave. Here, we suggest that these cave collapses do not necessarily result from cave instability or contacts with walls, but rather from divers bubbles rising to the ceiling and reducing the buoyancy acting on isolated ceiling rocks. Using familiar theories for the strength of flat and arched (un-cracked) beams, we first show that the flat ceiling of a submerged limestone cave can have a horizontal expanse of 63 meters. This is much broader than that of most submerged Florida caves (~ 10 m). Similarly, we show that an arched cave roof can have a still larger expanse of 240 meters, again implying that Florida caves are structurally stable. Using familiar bubble dynamics, fluid dynamics of bubble-induced flows, and accustomed diving practices, we show that a group of 1-3 divers submerged below a loosely connected ceiling rock will quickly trigger it to fall causing a "collapse". We then present a set of qualitative laboratory experiments illustrating such a collapse in a circular laboratory cave (i.e., a cave with a circular cross section), with concave and convex ceilings. In these experiments, a metal ball represented the rock (attached to the cave ceiling with a magnet), and the bubbles were produced using a syringe located at the cave floor.

The role of executive attention in object substitution masking.

PubMed

Filmer, Hannah L; Wells-Peris, Roxanne; Dux, Paul E

2017-05-01

It was long thought that a key characteristic of object substitution masking (OSM) was the requirement for spatial attention to be dispersed for the mask to impact visual sensitivity. However, recent studies have provided evidence questioning whether spatial attention interacts with OSM magnitude, suggesting that the previous reports reflect the impact of performance being at ceiling for the low attention load conditions. Another technique that has been employed to modulate attention in OSM paradigms involves presenting the target stimulus foveally, but with another demanding task shown immediately prior, and thus taxing executive/temporal attention. Under such conditions, when the two tasks occur in close temporal proximity relatively to greater temporal separation, masking is increased. However this effect could also be influenced by performance being at ceiling in some conditions. Here, we manipulated executive attention for a foveated target using a dual-task paradigm. Critically, ceiling performance was avoided by thresholding the target stimulus prior to it being presented under OSM conditions. We found no evidence for an interaction between executive attention load and masking. Collectively, along with the previous findings, our results provide compelling evidence that OSM as a phenomenon occurs independently of attention.

Simultaneous Masking in a Dichotic Emotion Detection Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Voyer, Daniel; Soraggi, Mariana; Brake, Brandy; Wood, Heather-Dawn

2006-01-01

The present study investigated the possible role of ceiling effects in producing laterality effects of small magnitude in dichotic emotion detection. Twenty two right-handed undergraduate students participated in the present experiment. They were required to detect the presence of a target emotion in the expressions tones of happiness, sadness,…

2. GENERAL VIEW OF INTERIOR. NOTE SKYLIGHTS ON VAULTED CEILING. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW OF INTERIOR. NOTE SKYLIGHTS ON VAULTED CEILING. Photocopy of circa 1910 photo published in a 1911 book, Stanley's Views of Philadelphia. - Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives & Granting Annuities, 431 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

14. INTERIOR OF MAIN DECKNOTE LEVERS FROM CEILING CONTROLLED BY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. INTERIOR OF MAIN DECK--NOTE LEVERS FROM CEILING CONTROLLED BY OPERATOR. LEFT HAND LEVER CONTROLLED THROTTLE, RIGHT HAND LEVER CONTROLLED SHOT GUN SWINGER. - Dredge CINCINNATI, Docked on Ohio River at foot of Lighthill Street, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA

Measurements of the response of transport aircraft ceiling panels to fuel pool fires

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bankston, C. P.; Back, L. H.

1985-01-01

Tests were performed to characterize the responses of various aircraft ceiling panel configurations to a simulated post-crash fire. Attention was given to one currently used and four new ceiling configurations exposed to a fuel pool fire in a circulated air enclosure. The tests were controlled to accurately represent conditions in a real fire. The panels were constructed of fiberglass-epoxy, graphite-phenolic resin, fiberglass-phenolic resin, Kevlar-epoxy, and Kevlar-phenolic resin materials. The phenolic resin-backed sheets performed the best under the circumstances, except when combined with Kevlar, which became porous when charred.

Stars on the Ceiling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krupp, E. C.

2016-01-01

Astronomy and celestial imagery have been incorporated into architectural ceilings from antiquity to the present to reference the sky on behalf of a variety of agendas. Burial chambers in Egyptian pyramids and tombs, the Osiris chapel on the roof of Ptolemaic Egypt's Temple of Dendera, ancient Chinese tombs, painted rock shelters in California and the American Southwest, the cupola above a hot bath from medieval Jordan, elaborately illustrated ceilings in Italian cathedrals and palaces, the main concourse in New York's Grand Central Terminal, and a variety of other public buildings in America all brought the sky inside to convey relationships between the architecture, people, and the cosmos. In these interior environments, the symbolic function of the astronomical ceiling is driven by the thematic function of the building. At Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles three signature spaces are equipped with astronomically illustrated ceilings. In content and location, these prominent murals operate symbolically to convey meaning through public display and unexpectedly prompt people to think more expansively about the universe. This artwork is familiar in Los Angeles, but its use in a public observatory puts it outside the range of most commentaries on public art. Although experienced by more than seventy-six million persons over the last eighty years, Griffith Observatory's celestial murals are not well known. Their history, content, character, meaning, and purpose are detailed here.

An experimental investigation devoted to determine heat transfer characteristics in a radiant ceiling heating system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koca, Aliihsan; Acikgoz, Ozgen; Çebi, Alican; Çetin, Gürsel; Dalkilic, Ahmet Selim; Wongwises, Somchai

2018-02-01

Investigations on heated ceiling method can be considered as a new research area in comparison to the common wall heating-cooling and cooled ceiling methods. In this work, heat transfer characteristics of a heated radiant ceiling system was investigated experimentally. There were different configurations for a single room design in order to determine the convective and radiative heat transfer rates. Almost all details on the arrangement of the test chamber, hydraulic circuit and radiant panels, the measurement equipment and experimental method including uncertainty analysis were revealed in detail indicating specific international standards. Total heat transfer amount from the panels were calculated as the sum of radiation to the unheated surfaces, convection to the air, and conduction heat loss from the backside of the panels. Integral expression of the view factors was calculated by means of the numerical evaluations using Matlab code. By means of this experimental chamber, the radiative, convective and total heat-transfer coefficient values along with the heat flux values provided from the ceiling to the unheated surrounding surfaces have been calculated. Moreover, the details of 28 different experimental case study measurements from the experimental chamber including the convective, radiative and total heat flux, and heat output results are given in a Table for other researchers to validate their theoretical models and empirical correlations.

Professional advancement of women in health care management: a conceptual model.

PubMed

Madsen, M K; Blide, L A

1992-11-01

Ragins and Sundstrom suggest three major conclusions based on power and gender differences within organizations. The first is that power develops or detracts as individuals progress along their career track. HIM professionals who accept the challenges that changing roles bring can also develop a new sensitivity to the value of power as a tool. They can use their negotiating skills to avoid being placed in work roles that result in a decrease in power. The second difference between men and women within organizations is that obstacles often impede women's career paths more than men's. Perceptions by women and men of a woman as homemaker and mother create serious conflicts when jobs are demanding and time intensive. Lastly, Ragins and Sundstrom suggest that career progression is influenced by both intrinsic factors (personal and professional) and extrinsic factors (organizational and interpersonal). The interaction between these factors is often driven by gender differences allowing men to progress and succeed, whereas women remain beneath the glass ceiling. HIM professionals, like other women health professionals, are graduating from advanced programs in health care and business administration at a greater rate than ever before in the history of this country. Not all these graduates will be able to acquire top-level administrative positions in the traditional health care institutions (e.g., hospitals). Therefore, if they wish to advance, they may have to move to nontraditional work settings. This is especially true for HIM professionals. The expanding computerized environment in traditional and nontraditional health care settings presents great potential for the development of new roles and responsibilities that have not been identified as male roles. HIM professionals and women in other health care professions who aspire to advance to upper administrative positions in traditional and nontraditional settings must be willing to take the risks inherent in assuming these changing roles and responsibilities. Successful women leaders in upper administrative positions recognize and take opportunities when they are offered and are not reluctant to assume more responsibilities and power in an organization. Lastly, if women are to move through the glass ceiling, health care institutions must become sensitized to the factors that prevent women's advancement and facilitate entry-level opportunities for women in administration. Continuing education and opportunities for mentoring and networking, combined with flexibility in work structures, will promote the integration of women at high administrative levels in health care, not only within their own professions, but in corporate health care as well.

Simulating the energy performance of holographic glazings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papamichael, K.; Beltran, L.; Furler, Reto; Lee, E. S.; Selkowitz, Steven E.; Rubin, Michael

1994-09-01

The light diffraction properties of holographic diffractive structures present an opportunity to improve the daylight performance in side-lit office spaces by redirecting and reflecting sunlight off the ceiling, providing adequate daylight illumination up to 30 ft (9.14 m) from the window wall. Prior studies of prototypical holographic glazings, installed above conventional `view' windows, have shown increased daylight levels over a deeper perimeter area than clear glass, for selected sun positions. In this study, we report on the simulation of the energy performance of prototypical holographic glazings assuming a commercial office building in the inland Los Angeles climate. The simulation of the energy performance involved determination of both luminous and thermal performance. Since the optical complexity of holographic glazings prevented the use of conventional algorithms for the simulation of their luminous performance, we used a newly developed method that combines experimentally determined directional workplane illuminance coefficients with computer-based analytical routines to determine a comprehensive set of daylight factors for many sun positions. These daylight factors were then used within the DOE-2.1D energy simulation program to determine hourly daylight and energy performance over the course of an entire year for four window orientations. Since the prototypical holographic diffractive structures considered in this study were applied on single pane clear glass, we also simulated the performance of hypothetical glazings, assuming the daylight performance of the prototype holographic glazings and the thermal performance of double-pane and low-e glazings. Finally, we addressed various design and implementation issues towards potential performance improvement.

Characterization of air contaminants formed by the interaction of lava and sea water.

PubMed

Kullman, G J; Jones, W G; Cornwell, R J; Parker, J E

1994-05-01

We made environmental measurements to characterize contaminants generated when basaltic lava from Hawaii's Kilauea volcano enters sea water. This interaction of lava with sea water produces large clouds of mist (LAZE). Island winds occasionally directed the LAZE toward the adjacent village of Kalapana and the Hawaii Volcanos National Park, creating health concerns. Environmental samples were taken to measure airborne concentrations of respirable dust, crystalline silica and other mineral compounds, fibers, trace metals, inorganic acids, and organic and inorganic gases. The LAZE contained quantifiable concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF); HCl was predominant. HCl and HF concentrations were highest in dense plumes of LAZE near the sea. The HCl concentration at this sampling location averaged 7.1 ppm; this exceeds the current occupational exposure ceiling of 5 ppm. HF was detected in nearly half the samples, but all concentrations were <1 ppm Sulfur dioxide was detected in one of four short-term indicator tube samples at approximately 1.5 ppm. Airborne particulates were composed largely of chloride salts (predominantly sodium chloride). Crystalline silica concentrations were below detectable limits, less than approximately 0.03 mg/m3 of air. Settled dust samples showed a predominance of glass flakes and glass fibers. Airborne fibers were detected at quantifiable levels in 1 of 11 samples. These fibers were composed largely of hydrated calcium sulfate. These findings suggest that individuals should avoid concentrated plumes of LAZE near its origin to prevent over exposure to inorganic acids, specifically HCl.

Efficacy of two different house screening interventions against exposure to malaria and anaemia in children in The Gambia: a randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

Kirby, Matthew J; Ameh, David; Green, Clare; Jawara, Musa; Milligan, Paul J; Bottomley, Christian; Snell, Paul C; Conway, David J; Lindsay, Steve W

2013-01-01

Summary Background House screening should protect people against malaria. We assessed whether two types of house screening, full screening of windows, doors and closing eaves or installing netting ceilings in local houses, could reduce malaria vector house entry and anaemia in children, in an area of seasonal transmission. Methods 500 occupied houses in and near Farafenni town in The Gambia were randomly assigned to receive full screening, screened ceilings, or no screening, in an area where coverage of insecticide-treated nets was low. Screening was not treated with insecticide. Exposure to mosquitoes indoors was assessed by fortnightly light trap collections, and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and the prevalence of anaemia and parasitaemia measured in children, aged 6 months to 10 years old, at the end of the transmission season. Findings The mean number of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes, the principal malaria vector, was reduced by 59% in houses with full screening (95% CI 46, 69; p<0.001) and 47% in houses with screened ceilings (95% CI 30, 60; p<0.001) compared with unscreened houses (37.5/trap/night). Anaemia prevalence (Hb <80g/L) was 19.0% among children in unscreened houses, compared to 12.3% with full screening, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.53 (0.29, 0.97; p=0.04), and 11.7% with screened ceilings, adjusted OR 0.51, (0.27, 0.96; p=0.04). Mean Hb concentration was higher in children living in fully screened houses and in houses with screened ceilings (104g/L in both groups), than those in unscreened houses (100g/L); adjusted estimates of the differences 3.7g/L (0.3, 7.2; p=0.03) and 4.2g/L (0.6, 7.7; p=0.02) respectively. There was no evidence of an effect on the prevalence of malaria infection. Interpretation House screening substantially reduced the number of mosquitoes inside houses and can contribute to prevention of anaemia in children. Funding Medical Research Council PMID:19732949

12. Detail of boxedin column capital and covered tin ceiling ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Detail of boxed-in column capital and covered tin ceiling in first floor library reading room - National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Western Branch, Ward Memorial Building, Franklin Avenue, southeast of Intersection with Rowland Avenue, Leavenworth, Leavenworth County, KS

Minimising infection--from floor to ceiling.

PubMed

Peake, Sarah

2014-10-01

Dr Sarah Peake, product sustainability manager at specialty chemicals company, Sika--which provides solutions for concrete, waterproofing, roofing, flooring, refurbishment, sealing and bonding, and industry--looks at the fundamentals for keeping floors, walls, and ceilings in hospitals and other healthcare facilities 'in excellent health'.

Detail view of the exposed polychromatic aggregate ceiling designed and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail view of the exposed polychromatic aggregate ceiling designed and cast by John Joseph Earley for the vehicular entrance portals to the courtyard - United States Department of Justice, Constitution Avenue between Ninth & Tenth Streets, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

Taxi Regulatory Revision in Portland Oregon : Background and Implementation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-09-01

The Portland Council has adopted successive waves of taxi regulatory revisions. Effective in Marh, 1979, the previous ceiling on total permits was removed and entry was opened to qualified applicats. The new reulations also provided for flat, discoun...

Comparing a disease-specific and a generic health-related quality of life instrument in subjects with asthma from the general population.

PubMed

Puhan, Milo A; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Bridevaux, Pierre-Olivier; Schindler, Christian; Ackermann-Liebrich, Ursula; Rochat, Thierry; Gerbase, Margaret W

2008-02-15

Few epidemiologic studies have assessed health-related quality of life (HRQL) of asthma patients from a general population and it is unclear which instrument is best suitable for this purpose. We investigated the validity of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and the SF-36 completed by individuals with asthma from the population-based SAPALDIA (Swiss study on air pollution and lung diseases in adults) cohort. The study included 258 participants with a physician-diagnosed asthma who had completed the AQLQ and SF-36. We assessed floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency reliability and cross-sectional validity with a priori hypotheses that correlations between the specific HRQL domains (e.g. "symptoms" or "physical functioning") and the corresponding external validation measures (respiratory symptoms, need for doctor visits, limitation in activities due to asthma and lung function) would capture similar aspects and be correlated moderately (> or = 0.3) to strongly (> or = 0.5), whereas non-corresponding domains be correlated weakly with each other (<0.3). The AQLQ showed pronounced ceiling effects with all median domain scores above 6 (scores varied from 1-7). For the SF-36, ceiling effects were present in 5 out of 8 domains. Cronbach's alpha was >0.7 for all AQLQ and SF-36 domains. Correlations between the AQLQ domains "respiratory symptoms", "activity limitation" and "environmental exposure", and the validation measures ranged from 0.29-0.57. Correlations between the "emotional function" domain and the validation measures were also in this range (0.31-0.55) and not as low as we hypothesized. For the SF-36, correlations between "physical functioning" and "role physical", and the validation measures ranged from 0.25-0.56, whereas "role emotional" and "mental health" correlated with these measures from 0.01-0.23. The AQLQ and the SF-36 showed fairly good internal consistency. Both instruments are limited by ceiling effects, but they appear less pronounced in the SF-36, which also shows a better discrimination between different aspects of HRQL. The SF-36 may therefore be a more valid measure of HRQL than the AQLQ when applied to individuals with asthma from the general population.

Bubble-Induced Cave Collapse

PubMed Central

Girihagama, Lakshika; Nof, Doron; Hancock, Cathrine

2015-01-01

Conventional wisdom among cave divers is that submerged caves in aquifers, such as in Florida or the Yucatan, are unstable due to their ever-growing size from limestone dissolution in water. Cave divers occasionally noted partial cave collapses occurring while they were in the cave, attributing this to their unintentional (and frowned upon) physical contact with the cave walls or the aforementioned “natural” instability of the cave. Here, we suggest that these cave collapses do not necessarily result from cave instability or contacts with walls, but rather from divers bubbles rising to the ceiling and reducing the buoyancy acting on isolated ceiling rocks. Using familiar theories for the strength of flat and arched (un-cracked) beams, we first show that the flat ceiling of a submerged limestone cave can have a horizontal expanse of 63 meters. This is much broader than that of most submerged Florida caves (~ 10 m). Similarly, we show that an arched cave roof can have a still larger expanse of 240 meters, again implying that Florida caves are structurally stable. Using familiar bubble dynamics, fluid dynamics of bubble-induced flows, and accustomed diving practices, we show that a group of 1-3 divers submerged below a loosely connected ceiling rock will quickly trigger it to fall causing a “collapse”. We then present a set of qualitative laboratory experiments illustrating such a collapse in a circular laboratory cave (i.e., a cave with a circular cross section), with concave and convex ceilings. In these experiments, a metal ball represented the rock (attached to the cave ceiling with a magnet), and the bubbles were produced using a syringe located at the cave floor. PMID:25849088

Most efficient questionnaires to measure quality of life, physical function, and pain in patients with metastatic spine disease: a cross-sectional prospective survey study.

PubMed

Paulino Pereira, Nuno Rui; Janssen, Stein J; Raskin, Kevin A; Hornicek, Francis J; Ferrone, Marco L; Shin, John H; Bramer, Jos A M; van Dijk, Cornelis Nicolaas; Schwab, Joseph H

2017-07-01

Assessing quality of life, functional outcome, and pain has become important in assessing the effectiveness of treatment for metastatic spine disease. Many questionnaires are able to measure these outcomes; few are validated in patients with metastatic spine disease. As a result, there is no consensus on the ideal questionnaire to use in these patients. Our study aim was to assess whether certain questionnaires measuring quality of life, functional outcome, and pain (1) correlated with each other, (2) measured the construct they claim to measure, (3) had good coverage-floor and ceiling effects, (4) were reliable, and (5) whether there were differences in completion time between them. This is a prospective cross-sectional survey study from three outpatient clinics (two orthopedic oncology clinics and one neurosurgery clinic) from two affiliated tertiary hospital care centers. We included 100 consecutive patients with metastatic spine disease between July 2014 and February 2016. We excluded non-English-speaking patients. The following questionnaires were given in random order: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) or Neck Disability Index (NDI), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function, PROMIS Pain Intensity, EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), and the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcome Questionnaire (SOSG-OQ). We used exploratory factor analysis-correlating questionnaires with an underlying mathematically derived trait-to assess if questionnaires measured the same concept. Coverage was assessed by floor and ceiling effects, and reliability was assessed by standard error of measurement as a function of ability. Differences in completion times were tested using the Friedman test. Questionnaires measured the construct they were developed for, as demonstrated with high correlations (>0.7) with the underlying trait. A floor effect was present in the PROMIS Pain Intensity (7.0%), ODI or NDI (4.0%), and the PROMIS Physical Function (1.0%) questionnaires. A ceiling effect was present in the EQ-5D questionnaire (6.0%). The SOSG-OQ had no floor or ceiling effect. The PROMIS Physical Function and PROMIS Pain Intensity proved to be the most reliable, whereas the EQ-5D was the least reliable. Completion time differed among questionnaires (p<.001) and was shortest for the PROMIS Pain Intensity (median 24 seconds) and PROMIS Physical Function (median 42 seconds). In patients with metastatic spine disease, we recommend the SOSG-OQ for measuring quality of life, the PROMIS Physical Function for measuring physical function, and the PROMIS Pain Intensity for measuring pain. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Psychometric Properties of the Deep Muscle Contraction Scale for Assessment of the Drawing-in Maneuver in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain.

PubMed

Oliveira, Crystian B; Negrão Filho, Ruben F; Franco, Márcia R; Morelhão, Priscila K; Araujo, Amanda C; Pinto, Rafael Z

2017-06-01

Study Design A prospective cohort study. Background Motor control dysfunctions have been commonly reported in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Physical therapists need clinical tools with adequate psychometric properties to assess such patients in clinical practice. The deep muscle contraction (DMC) scale is a clinical rating scale for assessing patients' ability to voluntarily contract deep abdominal muscles. Objectives To investigate the intrarater reliability, floor and ceiling effects, internal and external responsiveness, and correlation analysis (with ultrasound measures) of the DMC scale in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP undergoing a lumbar stabilization exercise program. Methods Sixty-two patients with chronic nonspecific LBP were included. At baseline, self-report questionnaires were administered to patients and a trained assessor evaluated abdominal muscle recruitment with the DMC scale and ultrasound imaging. Four ratios of the change in abdominal muscle thickness between the resting and contracted states were calculated through the ultrasound measures. After 1 week, the same ultrasound measures and DMC scale were collected again for the reliability analysis. The proportions of patients with the lowest and highest scores on the DMC scale were calculated to investigate floor and ceiling effects. All patients underwent a lumbar stabilization program, administered twice a week for 8 weeks. After the treatment period, all measures were collected again, with the addition of the global perceived effect scale, to assess the internal and external responsiveness of the measures. Correlation coefficients between ultrasound ratios and DMC scale total and subscale scores were also calculated. Results The intrarater reliability of the DMC scale and the 4 ratios of abdominal muscle thickness varied from moderate to excellent. The DMC scale showed no floor or ceiling effects. Results for internal responsiveness of the DMC scale showed large effect sizes (2.26; 84% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06, 2.45), whereas the external responsiveness was below the proposed threshold (area under the curve = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.68). Fair and significant correlations between some ultrasound ratios and DMC subscales were found. Conclusion The DMC scale was demonstrated to be a reliable tool, with no ceiling and floor effects, and to detect change in the ability to contract the deep abdominal muscles after a lumbar stabilization exercise program, but with low accuracy for estimating patient-perceived clinical outcome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(6):432-441. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7140.

18. VIEW OF THE CEILING, THE PIPING TRANSPORTED CHEMICALS FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. VIEW OF THE CEILING, THE PIPING TRANSPORTED CHEMICALS FROM A CHEMICAL PREPARATION ROOM ON THE SECOND FLOOR TO THE FIRST FLOOR PROCESS AREAS. (6/12/73) - Rocky Flats Plant, Plutonium Recovery & Fabrication Facility, North-central section of plant, Golden, Jefferson County, CO

142. OVERHEAD CRANES ON SOUTH WALL AND CEILING OF AGENA ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

142. OVERHEAD CRANES ON SOUTH WALL AND CEILING OF AGENA TRANSFER AREA SHELTER (117A), LSB (BLDG. 770). FORMERLY USED FOR VEHICLE TRANSFER. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

45 CFR 1176.5 - Annual plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES PART-TIME CAREER EMPLOYMENT § 1176.5 Annual plan. (a) An agencywide plan for promoting part-time employment opportunities will be developed annually. This plan will establish annual... administering personnel ceilings, part-time career employees shall be counted against ceiling authorizations as...

Lead Paint Exposure Assessment in High Bays of Johnson Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stanch, Penney; Plaza, Angel; Keprta, Sean

2008-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the program to assess the possibility of lead paint exposure in the high bays of some of the Johnson Space Center buildings. Some of the buildings in the Manned Space Flight Center (MSC) were built in 1962 and predate any considerations to reduce lead in paints and coatings. There are many of these older buildings that contain open shops and work areas that have open ceilings, These shops include those that had operations that use leaded gasoline, batteries, and lead based paints. Test were planned to be conducted in three phases: (1) Surface Dust sampling, (2) personal exposure montioring, and (3) Ceiling paint Sampling. The results of the first two phases were reviewed. After considering the results of the first two phases, and the problems associated with the retrieval of samples from high ceilings, it was determined that the evaluation of ceiling coatings would be done on a project by project and in response to a complaint.

Environmental surfaces and the compression of perceived visual space

PubMed Central

Bian, Zheng; Andersen, George J.

2011-01-01

The present study examined whether the compression of perceived visual space varies according to the type of environmental surface being viewed. To examine this issue, observers made exocentric distance judgments when viewing simulated 3D scenes. In 4 experiments, observers viewed ground and ceiling surfaces and performed either an L-shaped matching task (Experiments 1, 3, and 4) or a bisection task (Experiment 2). Overall, we found considerable compression of perceived exocentric distance on both ground and ceiling surfaces. However, the perceived exocentric distance was less compressed on a ground surface than on a ceiling surface. In addition, this ground surface advantage did not vary systematically as a function of the distance in the scene. These results suggest that the perceived visual space when viewing a ground surface is less compressed than the perceived visual space when viewing a ceiling surface and that the perceived layout of a surface varies as a function of the type of the surface. PMID:21669858

Effect of air deflectors on fan performance in tunnel-ventilated broiler houses with a dropped ceiling

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Air velocity is a critical design parameter for modern commercial broiler houses, owing to the beneficial effects of increased cooling on live performance and thermal comfort in broiler chickens. As a result, design velocities have increased over the last 15 years and broiler growers have installed ...

Fire Protection of Large Air Force Hangars

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-10-01

Aqueous Film - Forming Foam ( AFFF ) in an environment...determining further the effectiveness of 3-percent aqueous film forming foam ( AFFF ); b) determining the effectiveness of AFFF systems at high ceiling...Id SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS fCont/nu» on reverse side If necessary and Identify by block number) Aqueous Film Forming Foam

COBEL model as part of a terminal-area ceiling and visibility (C and V) nowcast system : a progress report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-07-18

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS) is supporting the development of products aimed at providing automated guidance to the air traffic managers for the anticipation of changes in ceiling and visibility ...

Interior view, detail to show the gold painted and glazed ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view, detail to show the gold painted and glazed ceiling of the main entry lobby on Fourteenth Street; bronze chandeliers hang from this ceiling - United States Department of Commerce, Bounded by Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and E streets and Constitution Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

EVALUATION OF FUNGAL GROWTH (PENICILLIUM GLABRUM) ON A CEILING TILE

EPA Science Inventory

The paper gives results of a study employing static chambers to study the impact of different equilibrium relative humidities (RHs) and moisture conditions on the ability of a new ceiling tile to support fungal growth. Amplification of the mold, Penicillium glabrum, occurred at R...

Interior of east side bathroom showing the sloped ceiling and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior of east side bathroom showing the sloped ceiling and window grill openings, light coming from right to left, view facing north-northeast - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Dry Dock No. 1, Latrine, Sixth Street, adjacent to Dry Dock No. 1, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

17. THIRD FLOOR BLDG. 28B, DETAIL ACOUSTIC TILE CEILING LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. THIRD FLOOR BLDG. 28B, DETAIL ACOUSTIC TILE CEILING LOOKING SOUTH. - Fafnir Bearing Plant, Bounded on North side by Myrtle Street, on South side by Orange Street, on East side by Booth Street & on West side by Grove Street, New Britain, Hartford County, CT

48 CFR 16.403-1 - Fixed-price incentive (firm target) contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (firm target) contracts. 16.403-1 Section 16.403-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Fixed-price incentive (firm target) contracts. (a) Description. A fixed-price incentive (firm target) contract specifies a target cost, a target profit, a price ceiling (but not a profit ceiling or floor), and...

48 CFR 16.403-1 - Fixed-price incentive (firm target) contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (firm target) contracts. 16.403-1 Section 16.403-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Fixed-price incentive (firm target) contracts. (a) Description. A fixed-price incentive (firm target) contract specifies a target cost, a target profit, a price ceiling (but not a profit ceiling or floor), and...

Microbial Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Stachybotrys chartarum growing on Gypsum Wallboard and Ceiling tile

EPA Science Inventory

This study compared seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum found in water-damaged buildings to characterize the microbial volatile organic compound (MVOC) emissions profile while growing on gypsum wallboard (W) and ceiling tile (C) coupons. The inoculated coupons with their sub...

UTILITY ROOM WITH CANEC PANEL CEILING AND TONGUE AND GROOVE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

UTILITY ROOM WITH CANEC PANEL CEILING AND TONGUE AND GROOVE WALL BOARDS. VIEW FACING NORTHWEST - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Four-Bedroom, Single-Family Type 10, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

6. VIEW NORTH, INTERIOR OF STORE Note ceiling stripped for ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW NORTH, INTERIOR OF STORE Note ceiling stripped for addition of supports, but tongue and groove wall panelling and shelving showing. To the left the stairway enclosure was added with door for front entry to the upper apartments. - 510 Central Avenue (Commercial Building), Ridgely, Caroline County, MD

3. View looking northeast. Major portions of the ceiling have ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. View looking northeast. Major portions of the ceiling have collapsed (see photo In-250-11). The brackets which were let into the brick to support the soffit of the roof overhang are missing. - Perry Township School No. 3, Middle Mount Vernon & Eickhoff Roads, Evansville, Vanderburgh County, IN

Not "Just Another Brick in the Wall"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zolkower, Betina A.; Rubel, Laurie H.

2015-01-01

"Low threshold, high ceiling" tasks are accessible to diverse learners; invite a wide range of approaches; and hold the potential to further challenge, strengthen, and extend everyone's mathematical reasoning. In this article, the authors present a family of Brick Pyramid problems as examples of "low threshold, high ceiling"…

Comparison of the measurement properties of the Functional Independence and Difficulty Scale with the Barthel Index in community-dwelling elderly people in Japan.

PubMed

Saito, Takashi; Izawa, Kazuhiro P; Matsui, Nobuko; Arai, Kenji; Ando, Makoto; Morimoto, Kazuhiro; Fujita, Naoki; Takahashi, Yuki; Kawazoe, Moe; Watanabe, Shuichiro

2017-04-01

The new Functional Independence and Difficulty Scale (FIDS) is a tool for assessing the performance of basic activities of daily living (BADL). Because many BADL measures already exist, it is important to know whether FIDS can offer added benefit over the existing measures. This study compared measurement properties between the FIDS and a representative BADL assessment tool, the Barthel Index (BI). Recruitment of the participants was done on the basis of convenience sampling. Participants were community-dwelling elderly Japanese subjects (n = 314; age ≥65 years) divided into a healthy elderly group [n = 225; subjects not using long-term care insurance (LTCI) services] and frail elderly group (n = 89; subjects using LTCI services). For each group, ceiling effect (percent participation with the maximum score) was calculated, and it was compared between the two scales. Associations between the FIDS, BI and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 8 Health Survey (SF-8) were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficient and partial correlations. Partial correlations coefficients to SF-8 were compared between the two scales. FIDS showed a relatively small ceiling effect compared to the BI. Compared to the BI, FIDS showed a significant positive partial correlation with the broader aspect of the SF-8 subscales, but the strength of correlation between FIDS and SF-8 was weak to negligible. The FIDS might be less affected by ceiling effect than the BI. Additional studies using a sufficient number of probability samples are needed to clarify whether FIDS has any benefit over BI in terms of correlations with the SF-8.

Measurement properties of the Human Activity Profile questionnaire in hospitalized patients.

PubMed

Souza, Daniel C; Wegner, Fernando; Costa, Lucíola C M; Chiavegato, Luciana D; Lunardi, Adriana C

To test the measurement properties (reproducibility, internal consistency, ceiling and floor effects, and construct validity) of the Human Activity Profile (HAP) questionnaire in hospitalized patients. This measurement properties study recruited one-hundred patients hospitalized for less than 48h for clinical or surgical reasons. The HAP was administered at baseline and after 48h in a test-retest design). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-6) was also administered at baseline, aiming to assess the construct validity. We tested the following measurement properties: reproducibility (reliability assessed by type 2,1 intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1 )); agreement by the standard error of measurement (SEM) and by the minimum detectable change with 90% confidence (MDC 90 ), internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha, construct validity using a chi-square test, and ceiling and floor effects by calculating the proportion of patients who achieved the minimum or maximum scores. Reliability was excellent with an ICC of 0.99 (95% CI=0.98-0.99). SEM was 1.44 points (1.5% of the total score), the MDD 90 was 3.34 points (3.5% of the total score) and the Cronbach's alpha was 0.93 (alpha if item deleted ranging from 0.94 to 0.94). An association was observed between patients classified by HAP and by IPAQ-6 (χ 2 =3.38; p=0.18). Ceiling or floor effects were not observed. The HAP shows adequate measurement properties for the assessment of the physical activity/inactivity level in hospitalized patients. Copyright © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Wall interaction effects for a full-scale helicopter rotor in the NASA Ames 80- by 120-foot wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shinoda, Patrick M.

1994-01-01

A full-scale helicopter rotor test was conducted in the NASA Ames 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel with a four-bladed S-76 rotor system. This wind tunnel test generated a unique and extensive data base covering a wide range of rotor shaft angles-of-attack and rotor thrust conditions from 0 to 100 knots. Three configurations were tested: (1) empty tunnel; (2) test stand body (fuselage) and support system; and (3) fuselage and support system with rotor installed. Empty tunnel wall pressure data are evaluated as a function of tunnel speed to understand the baseline characteristics. Aerodynamic interaction effects between the fuselage and the walls of the tunnel are investigated by comparing wall, ceiling, and floor pressures for various tunnel velocities and fuselage angles-of-attack. Aerodynamic interaction effects between the rotor and the walls of the tunnel are also investigated by comparing wall, ceiling, and floor pressures for various rotor shaft angles, rotor thrust conditions, and tunnel velocities. Empty tunnel wall pressure data show good repeatability and are not affected by tunnel speed. In addition, the tunnel wall pressure profiles are not affected by the presence of the fuselage apart from a pressure shift. Results do not indicate that the tunnel wall pressure profiles are affected by the presence of the rotor. Significant changes in the wall, ceiling, and floor pressure profiles occur with changing tunnel speeds for constant rotor thrust and shaft angle conditions. Significant changes were also observed when varying rotor thrust or rotor shaft angle-of-attack. Other results indicate that dynamic rotor loads and blade motion are influenced by the presence of the tunnel walls at very low tunnel velocity and, together with the wall pressure data, provide a good indication of flow breakdown.

Reliability and validity of the Persian lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) in a heterogeneous sample of outpatients with lower limb musculoskeletal disorders.

PubMed

Negahban, Hossein; Hessam, Masumeh; Tabatabaei, Saeid; Salehi, Reza; Sohani, Soheil Mansour; Mehravar, Mohammad

2014-01-01

The aim was to culturally translate and validate the Persian lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) in a heterogeneous sample of outpatients with lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders (n = 304). This is a prospective methodological study. After a standard forward-backward translation, psychometric properties were assessed in terms of test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, dimensionality, and ceiling or floor effects. The acceptable level of intraclass correlation coefficient >0.70 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient >0.70 was obtained for the Persian LEFS. Correlations between Persian LEFS and Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) subscales of Physical Health component (rs range = 0.38-0.78) were higher than correlations between Persian LEFS and SF-36 subscales of Mental Health component (rs range = 0.15-0.39). A corrected item--total correlation of >0.40 (Spearman's rho) was obtained for all items of the Persian LEFS. Horn's parallel analysis detected a total of two factors. No ceiling or floor effects were detected for the Persian LEFS. The Persian version of the LEFS is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to measure functional status in Persian-speaking patients with different musculoskeletal disorders of the lower extremity. Implications for Rehabilitation The Persian lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) is a reliable, internally consistent and valid instrument, with no ceiling or floor effects, to determine functional status of heterogeneous patients with musculoskeletal disorders of the lower extremity. The Persian version of the LEFS can be used in clinical and research settings to measure function in Iranian patients with different musculoskeletal disorders of the lower extremity.

Measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-5D-3L in psoriasis patients.

PubMed

Poór, Adrienn Katalin; Rencz, Fanni; Brodszky, Valentin; Gulácsi, László; Beretzky, Zsuzsanna; Hidvégi, Bernadett; Holló, Péter; Kárpáti, Sarolta; Péntek, Márta

2017-12-01

The purpose of this study is to assess the measurement properties of EQ-5D-5L compared to EQ-5D-3L in psoriasis patients. A cross-sectional survey was carried out at an academic dermatology clinic in Hungary. Psoriasis patients completed the EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was assessed. The UK value sets were used to calculate the 3L and 5L index scores. We tested the feasibility, ceiling effect, redistribution properties, the level of inconsistency and informativity (Shannon and Shannon Evenness indices). Spearman's rank-order correlations were performed between EQ-5D, EQ VAS, DLQI and PASI scores. Known-groups validity was evaluated by comparing age groups, clinical subtypes and treatment groups. Mean age of the 238 patients was 47 years, and 36.6% of them received biological therapy. Mean EQ-5D index score was 0.77 (SD: 0.26) with the 3L and 0.84 (SD: 0.19) with the 5L. The overall ceiling effect decreased from 37.1 (3L) to 32.9% (5L). Shannon index improved significantly for most dimensions, but Shannon Evenness index improved only in three dimensions. Compared to the 3L, the 5L version confirmed a better convergent validity with PASI, but not with the DLQI. Known-groups validity was equally demonstrated both for the 5L and 3L. The EQ-5D-5L seems to improve measurement properties by reducing ceiling effects, strengthening correlations with PASI and improving informativity. Follow-up studies are needed to test responsiveness and reliability in psoriasis.

Strategy Precedes Operational Effectiveness: Aligning High Graduation Rankings with Competitive Graduation Grade Point Averages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Apprey, Maurice; Bassett, Kimberley C.; Preston-Grimes, Patrice; Lewis, Dion W.; Wood, Beverly

2014-01-01

Two pivotal and interconnected claims are addressed in this article. First, strategy precedes program effectiveness. Second, graduation rates and rankings are insufficient in any account of academic progress for African American students. In this article, graduation is regarded as the floor and not the ceiling, as it were. The ideal situation in…

29 CFR 1910.1000 - Air contaminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... recycling (sorting, blending, cleaning and willowing) and garnetting. See also 1910.1043 for cotton dust... where the exposure limit in § 1910.1026 is stayed or is otherwise not in effect. 6 If the exposure limit in § 1910.1026 is stayed or is otherwise not in effect, the exposure limit is a ceiling of 0.1 mg/m3...

29 CFR 1910.1000 - Air contaminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... recycling (sorting, blending, cleaning and willowing) and garnetting. See also 1910.1043 for cotton dust... where the exposure limit in § 1910.1026 is stayed or is otherwise not in effect. 6 If the exposure limit in § 1910.1026 is stayed or is otherwise not in effect, the exposure limit is a ceiling of 0.1 mg/m3...

29 CFR 1910.1000 - Air contaminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... recycling (sorting, blending, cleaning and willowing) and garnetting. See also 1910.1043 for cotton dust... where the exposure limit in § 1910.1026 is stayed or is otherwise not in effect. 6 If the exposure limit in § 1910.1026 is stayed or is otherwise not in effect, the exposure limit is a ceiling of 0.1 mg/m3...

MASTER BEDROOM. NOTE THE CANEC PANEL CEILING AND TONGUE AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

MASTER BEDROOM. NOTE THE CANEC PANEL CEILING AND TONGUE AND GROOVE WALL BOARDS. VIEW FACING SOUTH - Camp H.M. Smith and Navy Public Works Center Manana Title VII (Capehart) Housing, Three-Bedroom Single-Family Type 7, Birch Circle, Elm Drive, Elm Circle, and Date Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

42 CFR 413.40 - Ceiling on the rate of increase in hospital inpatient costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... October 1, 2002, is the percentage increase projected by the hospital market basket index. (4) Target... target amount for the previous cost reporting period, updated by the market basket percentage increase... each cost reporting period, the ceiling is determined by multiplying the updated target amount, as...

Estimating Stability Class in the Field

Treesearch

Leonidas G. Lavdas

1997-01-01

A simple and easily remembered method is described for estimating cloud ceiling height in the field. Estimating ceiling height provides the means to estimate stability class, a parameter used to help determine Dispersion Index and Low Visibility Occurrence Risk Index, indices used as smoke management aids. Stability class is also used as an input to VSMOKE, an...

78 FR 62494 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Ceiling Fans

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... consumers' decisions about purchasing air conditioning equipment. For example: How much more or less likely are consumers to own or purchase an air conditioner if they already have a ceiling fan? How much more... and to facilitate this process, DOE has identified several related issues in this RFI on which DOE...

Algorithm for Estimating the Plume Centerline Temperature and Ceiling Jet Temperature in the Presence of a Hot Upper Layer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, William D.; Notarianni, Kathy A.; Tapper, Phillip Z.

1998-01-01

The experiments were designed to provide insight into the behavior of jet fuel fires in aircraft hangars and to study the impact of these fires on the design and operation of a variety of fire protection systems. As a result, the test series included small fires designed to investigate the operation of UV/IR detectors and smoke detectors as well as large fires which were used to investigate the operation of ceiling mounted heat detectors and sprinklers. The impact of the presence or absence of draft curtains was also studied in the 15 m hangar. It is shown that in order to predict the plume centerline temperature within experimental uncertainty, the entrainment of the upper layer gas must be modeled. For large fires, the impact of a changing radiation fraction must also be included in the calculation. The dependence of the radial temperature profile of the ceiling jet as a function of layer development is demonstrated and a ceiling jet temperature algorithm which includes the impact of a growing layer is developed.

Does drywall installers' innovative idea reduce the ergonomic exposures of ceiling installation: A field case study.

PubMed

Dasgupta, Priyadarshini Sengupta; Punnett, Laura; Moir, Susan; Kuhn, Sarah; Buchholz, Bryan

2016-07-01

The study was conducted to assess an intervention suggested by the workers to reduce the physical or ergonomic exposures of the drywall installation task. The drywall installers were asked to brainstorm on innovative ideas that could reduce their ergonomic exposures during the drywall installation work. The workers proposed the idea of using a 'deadman' (narrow panel piece) to hold the panels to the ceiling while installing them. The researcher collected quantitative exposure data (PATH, 3DSSPP) at the baseline and intervention phases and compared the phases to find out any change in the exposure while using the 'deadman'. Results showed that ergonomic exposures (such as overhead arm and awkward trunk postures and heavy load handling) were reduced at the intervention phase while using the 'deadman' with an electrically operated lift. The concept of the 'deadman', which was shown to help reduce musculoskeletal exposures during ceiling installation, can be used to fabricate a permanent ergonomic tool to support the ceiling drywall panel. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Effects of reverberation and noise on speech intelligibility in normal-hearing and aided hearing-impaired listeners.

PubMed

Xia, Jing; Xu, Buye; Pentony, Shareka; Xu, Jingjing; Swaminathan, Jayaganesh

2018-03-01

Many hearing-aid wearers have difficulties understanding speech in reverberant noisy environments. This study evaluated the effects of reverberation and noise on speech recognition in normal-hearing listeners and hearing-impaired listeners wearing hearing aids. Sixteen typical acoustic scenes with different amounts of reverberation and various types of noise maskers were simulated using a loudspeaker array in an anechoic chamber. Results showed that, across all listening conditions, speech intelligibility of aided hearing-impaired listeners was poorer than normal-hearing counterparts. Once corrected for ceiling effects, the differences in the effects of reverberation on speech intelligibility between the two groups were much smaller. This suggests that, at least, part of the difference in susceptibility to reverberation between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners was due to ceiling effects. Across both groups, a complex interaction between the noise characteristics and reverberation was observed on the speech intelligibility scores. Further fine-grained analyses of the perception of consonants showed that, for both listener groups, final consonants were more susceptible to reverberation than initial consonants. However, differences in the perception of specific consonant features were observed between the groups.

Review of proton pump inhibitors for the initial treatment of heartburn: is there a dose ceiling effect?

PubMed

Kushner, Pamela R; Peura, David A

2011-05-01

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in clinical practice. However, concerns have been expressed about their long-term use, particularly with regard to bone health, Clostridium difficile infections, and drug interactions with platelet aggregation inhibitors. There has been limited guidance for clinicians concerning appropriate dose selection of PPIs for the initial treatment of heartburn. This review explored whether published clinical trials provide evidence of a ceiling above which higher PPI doses do not provide additional clinical benefit over the lowest approved dose. All articles of randomized, controlled clinical trials in nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in which the effects of two or more doses of the same PPI on symptomatic relief of heartburn were quantified as a study endpoint were identified and analyzed through PubMed searches up to the end of September 2010. The majority of trials evaluated provided no evidence that higher PPI doses were superior to the lowest approved dose for the initial treatment of heartburn. There were no clinically relevant findings with respect to dose dependence and safety outcomes in these studies. Efficacy outcomes from the trials suggest there may be a dose ceiling effect and highlight the need for further research on the use of the lowest effective PPI doses as an appropriate strategy in the initial treatment of uncomplicated heartburn. Observational studies and some meta-analyses have suggested that long-term PPI pharmacotherapy might be associated with safety concerns, which necessitate the periodic evaluation of therapeutic benefit in terms of symptom resolution and regimen tolerability. However, evidence to date suggests that use of the lowest effective dose for the indication is not associated with significant adverse events, particularly in the short term. Clinical practice suggests that patients requiring long-term treatment should be maintained on the lowest dose necessary to control symptoms, and monitored for potentially confounding factors that may lead to safety concerns.

Highlights of experience with a flexible walled test section in the NASA Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolf, Stephen W. D.; Ray, Edward J.

1988-01-01

The unique combination of adaptive wall technology with a contonuous flow cryogenic wind tunnel is described. This powerful combination allows wind tunnel users to carry out 2-D tests at flight Reynolds numbers with wall interference essentially eliminated. Validation testing was conducted to support this claim using well tested symmetrical and cambered airfoils at transonic speeds and high Reynolds numbers. The test section hardware has four solid walls, with the floor and ceiling flexible. The method of adapting/shaping the floor and ceiling to eliminate top and bottom wall interference at its source is outlined. Data comparisons for different size models tested and others in several sophisticated 2-D wind tunnels are made. In addition, the effects of Reynolds number, testing at high lift with associated large flexible wall movements, the uniqueness of the adapted wall shapes, and the effects of sidewall boundary layer control are examined. The 0.3-m TCT is now the most advanced 2-D research facility anywhere.

Psychometric performance of the brazilian version of the Mini-cuestionario de calidad de vida en la hipertensión arterial (MINICHAL).

PubMed

Soutello, Ana Lúcia Soares; Rodrigues, Roberta Cunha Matheus; Jannuzzi, Fernanda Freire; Spana, Thaís Moreira; Gallani, Maria Cecília Bueno Jayme; Nadruz Junior, Wilson

2011-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, ceiling and floor effects, reliability, and convergent construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Mini Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensión Arterial (MINICHAL). The study included 200 hypertensive outpatients in a university hospital and a primary healthcare unit. The MINICHAL was applied in 3.0 (± 1.0) minutes with 100% of the items answered. A "ceiling effect" was observed in both dimensions and in the total score, as well as evidence of measurement stability (ICC=0.74). The convergent validity was confirmed by significant positive correlations between similar dimensions of the MINICHAL and the SF-36, and significant negative correlations with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire - MLHFQ, however, correlations between dissimilar constructs were also observed. It was concluded that the Brazilian version of the MINICHAL presents evidence of reliability and validity when applied to hypertensive outpatients.

Dealing with fixed emissions ceilings in an uncertain future: Offsetting under environmental integrity.

PubMed

Wagner, Fabian; Schöpp, Wolfgang; Amann, Markus

2013-11-15

National emission ceilings are a policy instrument to reduce adverse environmental impacts of transboundary air pollution. Such ceilings for SO2, NOx, NH3 and VOC are established, for example, in the Gothenburg Protocol of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (UNECE, 1999) and the National Emission Ceilings (NEC) Directive of the European Union (EC, 2001a, b). They prescribe for each pollutant a fixed upper limit on emissions for a specific year. Flexibility in achieving them could lower implementation costs if reality develops differently from what was foreseen during negotiations. In this paper, we explore the conditions under which emission reductions for one pollutant (e.g., SO2) could be offset by additional cuts of another pollutant (e.g., NOx) within the same country, without compromising the environmental improvements that are envisaged from the original set of emission ceilings. We employ the impact module of the GAINS (Greenhouse gas - Air pollution Interactions and Synergies) model to examine possible exchange rates across pollutants for the 2012 negotiations on the revision of the Gothenburg Protocol in Europe. Our analysis shows that exchange rates that satisfy the environmental integrity condition can be established, but that their values vary substantially across countries. Extending the environmental integrity condition to downwind countries will require significantly higher exchange rates. We discuss aspects that decision makers would need to consider before adopting an offsetting schema for future international environmental agreements. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessing and Adapting LiDAR-Derived Pit-Free Canopy Height Model Algorithm for Sites with Varying Vegetation Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scholl, V.; Hulslander, D.; Goulden, T.; Wasser, L. A.

2015-12-01

Spatial and temporal monitoring of vegetation structure is important to the ecological community. Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems are used to efficiently survey large forested areas. From LiDAR data, three-dimensional models of forests called canopy height models (CHMs) are generated and used to estimate tree height. A common problem associated with CHMs is data pits, where LiDAR pulses penetrate the top of the canopy, leading to an underestimation of vegetation height. The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) currently implements an algorithm to reduce data pit frequency, which requires two height threshold parameters, increment size and range ceiling. CHMs are produced at a series of height increments up to a height range ceiling and combined to produce a CHM with reduced pits (referred to as a "pit-free" CHM). The current implementation uses static values for the height increment and ceiling (5 and 15 meters, respectively). To facilitate the generation of accurate pit-free CHMs across diverse NEON sites with varying vegetation structure, the impacts of adjusting the height threshold parameters were investigated through development of an algorithm which dynamically selects the height increment and ceiling. A series of pit-free CHMs were generated using three height range ceilings and four height increment values for three ecologically different sites. Height threshold parameters were found to change CHM-derived tree heights up to 36% compared to original CHMs. The extent of the parameters' influence on modelled tree heights was greater than expected, which will be considered during future CHM data product development at NEON. (A) Aerial image of Harvard National Forest, (B) standard CHM containing pits, appearing as black speckles, (C) a pit-free CHM created with the static algorithm implementation, and (D) a pit-free CHM created through varying the height threshold ceiling up to 82 m and the increment to 1 m.

Assessment of nitrogen ceilings for Dutch agricultural soils to avoid adverse environmental impacts.

PubMed

de Vries, W; Kros, H; Oenema, O; Erisman, J W

2001-11-09

In the Netherlands, high traffic density and intensive animal husbandry have led to high emissions of reactive nitrogen (N) into the environment. This leads to a series of environmental impacts, including: (1) nitrate (NO3) contamination of drinking water, (2) eutrophication of freshwater lakes, (3) acidification and biodiversity impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, (4) ozone and particle formation affecting human health, and (5) global climate change induced by emissions of N2O. Measures to control reactive N emissions were, up to now, directed towards those different environmental themes. Here we summarize the results of a study to analyse the agricultural N problem in the Netherlands in an integrated way, which means that all relevant aspects are taken into account simultaneously. A simple N balance model was developed, representing all crucial processes in the N chain, to calculate acceptable N inputs to the farm (so-called N ceiling) and to the soil surface (application in the field) by feed concentrates, organic manure, fertiliser, deposition, and N fixation. The N ceilings were calculated on the basis of critical limits for NO 3 concentrations in groundwater, N concentrations in surface water, and ammonia (NH3) emission targets related to the protection of biodiversity of natural areas. Results show that in most parts of the Netherlands, except the western and the northern part, the N ceilings are limited by NH 3 emissions, which are derived from critical N loads for nature areas, rather than limits for both ground- and surface water. On the national scale, the N ceiling ranges between 372 and 858 kton year(-1) depending on the choice of critical limits. The current N import is 848 kton year(-1). A decrease of nearly 60% is needed to reach the ceilings that are necessary to protect the environment against all adverse impacts of N pollution from agriculture.

Screening Mosquito House Entry Points as a Potential Method for Integrated Control of Endophagic Filariasis, Arbovirus and Malaria Vectors

PubMed Central

Ogoma, Sheila B.; Lweitoijera, Dickson W.; Ngonyani, Hassan; Furer, Benjamin; Russell, Tanya L.; Mukabana, Wolfgang R.; Killeen, Gerry F.; Moore, Sarah J.

2010-01-01

Background Partial mosquito-proofing of houses with screens and ceilings has the potential to reduce indoor densities of malaria mosquitoes. We wish to measure whether it will also reduce indoor densities of vectors of neglected tropical diseases. Methodology The main house entry points preferred by anopheline and culicine vectors were determined through controlled experiments using specially designed experimental huts and village houses in Lupiro village, southern Tanzania. The benefit of screening different entry points (eaves, windows and doors) using PVC-coated fibre glass netting material in terms of reduced indoor densities of mosquitoes was evaluated compared to the control. Findings 23,027 mosquitoes were caught with CDC light traps; 77.9% (17,929) were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, of which 66.2% were An. arabiensis and 33.8% An. gambiae sensu stricto. The remainder comprised 0.2% (50) An. funestus, 10.2% (2359) Culex spp. and 11.6% (2664) Mansonia spp. Screening eaves reduced densities of Anopheles gambiae s. l. (Relative ratio (RR)  = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.98; P = 0.01); Mansonia africana (RR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.76; P<0.001) and Mansonia uniformis (RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.56; P<0.001) but not Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. univittatus or Cx. theileri. Numbers of these species were reduced by screening windows and doors but this was not significant. Significance This study confirms that across Africa, screening eaves protects households against important mosquito vectors of filariasis, Rift Valley Fever and O'Nyong nyong as well as malaria. While full house screening is required to exclude Culex species mosquitoes, screening of eaves alone or fitting ceilings has considerable potential for integrated control of other vectors of filariasis, arbovirus and malaria. PMID:20689815

Preliminary study: Formaldehyde exposure in laboratories of Sharjah university in UAE

PubMed Central

Ahmed, Hafiz Omer

2011-01-01

Objectives Laboratory technicians, students, and instructors are at high risk, because they deal with chemicals including formaldehyde. Thus, this preliminary study was conducted to measure the concentration of formaldehyde in the laboratories of the University of Sharjah in UAE. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two air samples were collected and analyzed for formaldehyde using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 3500. In this method, formaldehyde reacts with chromotropic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid to form a colored solution. The absorbance of the colored solution is read in spectrophotometer at wavelength 580 nm and is proportional to the quantity of the formaldehyde in the solution. Results: For the anatomy laboratory and in the presence of the covered cadaver, the mean concentration of formaldehyde was found to be 0.100 ppm with a range of 0.095–0.105 ppm. Whereas for the other laboratories, the highest mean concentration of formaldehyde was 0.024 ppm in the general microbiology laboratory and the lowest mean concentration of formaldehyde was 0.001 ppm in the environmental health laboratory. The 8-hour (time-weighted average) concentration of formaldehyde was found to be ranging between 0.0003 ppm in environmental health laboratory and 0.026 ppm in the anatomy laboratory. Conclusions: The highest level of concentration of formaldehyde in the presence of the covered cadaver in anatomy laboratory exceeded the recommended ceiling standard established by USA-NIOSH which is 0.1 ppm, but below the ceiling standard established by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists which is 0.3 ppm. Thus, it is recommended that formaldehyde levels should be measured periodically specially during the dissection in the anatomy laboratory, and local exhaust ventilation system should be installed and personal protective equipment such as safety glass and gloves should be available and be used to prevent direct skin or eye contact. PMID:21808499

An overhead specimen handling system for variable workloads.

PubMed

Eggert, A A; Bowers, K L; Smulka, G J; Emmerich, K A; Iwanski, A L; Quam, E F

1999-02-01

This unique overhead specimen handling system requires virtually no floor space and only a minimal amount of bench space. It uses state-of-the-art conveyors suspended near the ceiling to transport, log-in and sort blood specimens in standard specimen containers. Specimens placed into the system at bench-level bins are automatically singulated and loaded onto cleated conveyors and lifted to the main conveyor belt near the ceiling. The barcoded labels are then read as the containers are rotated under an optical scanner. The specimens are then diverted to the appropriate branch conveyor and lowered back to the bench level by cleated conveyors. The specimen handling system is rapid and accurate, requires no special containers, allows laboratorians to move unimpeded below it, and is inexpensive by automation standards. Studies show no adverse effect upon the specimens.

Korean preschoolers' advanced inhibitory control and its relation to other executive skills and mental state understanding.

PubMed

Oh, Seungmi; Lewis, Charlie

2008-01-01

This study assessed executive function and mental state understanding in Korean preschoolers. In Experiment 1, forty 3.5- and 4-year-old Koreans showed ceiling performance on inhibition and switching measures, although their performance on working memory and false belief was comparable to that of Western children. Experiment 2 revealed a similar advantage in a sample of seventy-six 3- and 4-year-old Koreans compared with sixty-four age-matched British children. Korean children younger than 3.5 years of age showed ceiling effects on some inhibition measures despite more stringent protocols and the link between executive function and mental state understanding was not as strong as in the British sample. The results raise key questions about the nature and development of the executive system and its relation to social understanding.

What Are the Primary Limitations in B-Cell Affinity Maturation, and How Much Affinity Maturation Can We Drive with Vaccination? Breaking through Immunity's Glass Ceiling.

PubMed

Kelsoe, Garnett; Haynes, Barton F

2018-05-01

A key goal of HIV-1 vaccine development is the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeted to the vulnerable regions of the HIV envelope. BnAbs develop over time in ∼50% of HIV-1-infected individuals. However, to date, no vaccines have induced bnAbs and few or none of these vaccine-elicited HIV-1 antibodies carry the high frequencies of V(D)J mutations characteristic of bnAbs. Do the high frequencies of mutations characteristic of naturally induced bnAbs represent a fundamental barrier to the induction of bnAbs by vaccines? Recent studies suggest that high frequencies of V(D)J mutations can be achieved by serial vaccination strategies. Rather, it appears that, in the absence of HIV-1 infection, physiologic immune tolerance controls, including a germinal center process termed affinity reversion, may limit vaccine-driven bnAb development by clonal elimination or selecting for mutations incompatible with bnAb activity. Copyright © 2018 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.

Is there a glass ceiling for highly cited scientists at the top of research universities?

PubMed

Ioannidis, John P A

2010-12-01

University leaders aim to protect, shape, and promote the missions of their institutions. I evaluated whether top highly cited scientists are likely to occupy these positions. Of the current leaders of 96 U.S. high research activity universities, only 6 presidents or chancellors were found among the 4009 U.S. scientists listed in the ISIHighlyCited.com database. Of the current leaders of 77 UK universities, only 2 vice-chancellors were found among the 483 UK scientists listed in the same database. In a sample of 100 top-cited clinical medicine scientists and 100 top-cited biology and biochemistry scientists, only 1 and 1, respectively, had served at any time as president of a university. Among the leaders of 25 U.S. universities with the highest citation volumes, only 12 had doctoral degrees in life, natural, physical or computer sciences, and 5 of these 12 had a Hirsch citation index m < 1.0. The participation of highly cited scientists in the top leadership of universities is limited. This could have consequences for the research and overall mission of universities.

The climb to break the glass ceiling in surgery: trends in women progressing from medical school to surgical training and academic leadership from 1994 to 2015.

PubMed

Abelson, Jonathan S; Chartrand, Genevieve; Moo, Tracy-Ann; Moore, Maureen; Yeo, Heather

2016-10-01

There have been many efforts to increase the number of women surgeons. We provide an update of women surgeon representation along the pathway to surgical academia. Data was extracted from Association of American Medical Colleges FACTS and Faculty Administrative Management Online User System as well as GME annual reports starting in 1994 until the last year available for each. The proportion of graduating women medical students has increased on average .5% per year from 1994 to 2014. Women general surgery trainees have more than doubled in number over the same period but represented 38.3% of all general surgery trainees in 2014. Women Full Professors increased on average .3% from 1994 to 2015 but still make up less than 10% of all Full Professors. Despite improvements over the past 20 years, there are still large gender gaps in surgery for trainees and academic leadership. At the current rate of increase, women Full Professors will not achieve gender parity until in 2136. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Performance of PROMIS for Healthy Patients Undergoing Meniscal Surgery.

PubMed

Hancock, Kyle J; Glass, Natalie; Anthony, Chris A; Hettrich, Carolyn M; Albright, John; Amendola, Annunziato; Wolf, Brian R; Bollier, Matthew

2017-06-07

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed as an extensive question bank with multiple health domains that could be utilized for computerized adaptive testing (CAT). In the present study, we investigated the use of the PROMIS Physical Function CAT (PROMIS PF CAT) in an otherwise healthy population scheduled to undergo surgery for meniscal injury with the hypotheses that (1) the PROMIS PF CAT would correlate strongly with patient-reported outcome instruments that measure physical function and would not correlate strongly with those that measure other health domains, (2) there would be no ceiling effects, and (3) the test burden would be significantly less than that of the traditional measures. Patients scheduled to undergo meniscal surgery completed the PROMIS PF CAT, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Marx Knee Activity Rating Scale, Short Form-36 (SF-36), and EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaires. Correlations were defined as high (≥0.7), high-moderate (0.61 to 0.69), moderate (0.4 to 0.6), moderate-weak (0.31 to 0.39), or weak (≤0.3). If ≥15% respondents to a patient-reported outcome measure obtained the highest or lowest possible score, the instrument was determined to have a significant ceiling or floor effect. A total of 107 participants were analyzed. The PROMIS PF CAT had a high correlation with the SF-36 Physical Functioning (PF) (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) and KOOS Sport (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) scores; a high-moderate correlation with the KOOS Quality-of-Life (QOL) (r = 0.63, p < 0.01) and EQ-5D (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) instruments; and a moderate correlation with the SF-36 Pain (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), KOOS Symptoms (r = 0.57, p < 0.01), KOOS Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), and KOOS Pain (r = 0.60, p < 0.01) scores. The majority (89%) of the patients completed the PROMIS PF CAT after answering only 4 items. The PROMIS PF CAT had no floor or ceiling effects, with 0% of the participants achieving the lowest and highest score, respectively. The PROMIS PF CAT correlates strongly with currently used patient-reported outcome measures of physical function and demonstrates no ceiling effects for patients with meniscal injury requiring surgery. It may be a reasonable alternative to more burdensome patient-reported outcome measures.

26 CFR 1.42-14 - Allocation rules for post-2000 State housing credit ceiling amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... credit ceiling amount. 1.42-14 Section 1.42-14 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES Credits Against Tax § 1.42-14 Allocation rules for post-2000..., Estimates of the Population of States. For convenience, the Internal Revenue Service publishes the...

Nellis AFB, Nevada. Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-11-01

uL3BAL CLIMATOLOGY BRANCH PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENLE OF cEILING VERSUS VISIBILITY USAFETAC FROM HOUPLY O.SERVATIONS AIR wATHER SERVICE/MAC...FREAUENCY OF 0CCUN9LNJE OF CEILING VERSUS VISIBILI3Y USAFLTAC FROM HOUPLY OoSLRVAOIONS AIR WATHER SER9ICE/MAC STATION NUM8EV: 723865 STATION NAME: NELLIS

"Training Floors" and "Training Ceilings": Metonyms for Understanding Training Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Felstead, Alan; Jewson, Nick

2014-01-01

This article outlines a conceptual framework for mapping and understanding training trends. It uses the metonyms of floors and ceilings to distinguish between different types of training configurations. The argument is made that the ups and downs of employer reports of training activity are a crude basis on which to make judgements about the…

46 CFR 32.56-45 - Draft stops-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draft stops-T/ALL. 32.56-45 Section 32.56-45 Shipping....56-45 Draft stops—T/ALL. (a) Where ceilings or linings are fitted in accommodation, service, or... if draft stops of “B” Class construction are fitted between the ceiling or lining and the deck or...

46 CFR 32.56-45 - Draft stops-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Draft stops-T/ALL. 32.56-45 Section 32.56-45 Shipping....56-45 Draft stops—T/ALL. (a) Where ceilings or linings are fitted in accommodation, service, or... if draft stops of “B” Class construction are fitted between the ceiling or lining and the deck or...

46 CFR 32.56-45 - Draft stops-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Draft stops-T/ALL. 32.56-45 Section 32.56-45 Shipping....56-45 Draft stops—T/ALL. (a) Where ceilings or linings are fitted in accommodation, service, or... if draft stops of “B” Class construction are fitted between the ceiling or lining and the deck or...

Review Symposium; Dancing on the Ceiling: A Study of Women Managers in Education, by Valerie Hall. London: Paul Chapman, 1996.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Valerie; Gronn, Peter; Jenkin, Mazda; Power, Sally; Reynolds, Cecilia

1999-01-01

Hall and four colleagues review "Dancing on the Ceiling: A Study of Women Managers in Education" (Paul Chapman, 1996). Reviewers agree that Hall's profiles of six British elementary and secondary women headteachers should improve readers' understanding of female managers' development and their preference for "soft,"…

Pythian Powerhouse and Laundry: Historic Building Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

14 4. Wall and ceiling finish ...second floor are poured concrete. The flooring on the first floor is wood. 4. Wall and Ceiling Finish : The inside of the exterior walls are...left as ex- posed cut limestone; however, several coats of paint or sealant have been added (Photo 38). The bathroom walls are wood stud with drywall

Fort Gordon Woodworth Library: Historic Building Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

9 4. Wall and Ceiling Finish ...reference room are covered with replacement carpet. 4. Wall and Ceiling Finish : The inside of the exterior walls are covered with plaster. The...individual rooms are divided by 0’-4” partition walls clad WOODWORTH LIBRARY (page 10) with a mixture of drywall and wood paneling. A 3’-0” plaster

Tool for Movable Ceiling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The Bendix Corp., with the help of NASA's Kennedy Space Center, developed a tool to equalize tensions in the 150 cables of the ceiling. This inexpensive tool used in concert halls was developed first for elevator and crane cables used to lift heavy space vehicles. University of Akron's performing arts hall has been developed to shrink and expand to accommodate audiences as large as 3,000 and as small as 900. Once the hall has been sound tuned, various positions of this ingenious ceiling and related acoustic curtains may be called into play immediately by pushing buttons on a control console programmed previously. With the touch of a finger before an event, a technician may condition the hall for chamber music, symphony, or theater.

Natural convection flows and associated heat transfer processes in room fires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sargent, William Stapf

This report presents the results of experimental investigations of natural convection flows and associated heat transfer processes produced by small fires in rooms with a single door or window opening. Calculation procedures have been developed to model the major aspects of these flows.Two distinct sets of experiments were undertaken.First, in a roughly 1/4 scale facility, a slightly dense solution of brine was allowed to flow into a tank of fresh water. The resulting density difference produced a flow which simulated a very small fire in a room with adiabatic walls. Second, in an approximately 1/2 scale test room, a nearly stoichioinetric mixture of air and natural gas was burned at floor level to model moderate strength fires. In this latter facility, we directly measured the heat conducted through the walls, in addition to determining the gas temperature and composition throughout the room.These two facilities complemented each other. The former offered good flow visualization and allowed us to observe the basic flow phenomena in the absence of heat transfer effects. On the other hand, the latter, which involved relatively larger fires, was a more realistic simulation of an actual room fire, and allowed us to calculate the convective heat transfer to the ceiling and walls. In addition, the stronger sources present in these 1/2 scale tests produced significant secondary flows. These secondary flows along with heat transfer effects act to modify the gas temperature or density profiles within the room from those observed in the 1/4 scale experiments.Several calculation procedures have been developed, based on the far field properties of plumes when the density differences are small (the Boussinesq approximation). The simple point source plume solution is used along with hydraulic analysis of flow through an orifice to estimate the temperatures of the hot ceiling layer gas and of the cooler floor zone fluid, as well as the height of the interface between them. A finite source plume model is combined with conservation equations across the interface to compute the evolution of the plume above the interface. This calculation then provides the starting point for an integral analysis of the flow and heat transfer in the turbulent ceiling jet.The computed results both for the average floor and ceiling zone gas temperatures, and for the connective heat transfer in the ceiling jet agreed reasonably well with our experimental data. This agreement suggests that our computational procedures can be applied to answer practical questions, such as whether the connective heat flux from a given fire in a real room would be sufficient to trigger sprinklers or other detection systems in a given amount of time.

340B Drug Pricing Program Ceiling Price and Manufacturer Civil Monetary Penalties Regulation. Final rule; further delay of effective date.

PubMed

2017-05-19

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) administers section 340B of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA), referred to as the "340B Drug Pricing Program" or the "340B Program." HRSA published a final rule on January 5, 2017, that set forth the calculation of the ceiling price and application of civil monetary penalties. The final rule applied to all drug manufacturers that are required to make their drugs available to covered entities under the 340B Program. In accordance with a January 20, 2017, memorandum from the Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff, entitled "Regulatory Freeze Pending Review," HRSA issued an interim final rule that delayed the effective date of the final rule published in the Federal Register (82 FR 1210, (January 5, 2017)) to May 22, 2017. HHS invited commenters to provide their views on whether a longer delay of the effective date to October 1, 2017, would be more appropriate. After consideration of the comments received on the interim final rule, HHS is delaying the effective date of the January 5, 2017 final rule, to October 1, 2017.