The Identification of Factors Affecting the Development and Practice of School-Based Counseling in Different National Contexts: A Grounded Theory Study Using a Worldwide Sample of Descriptive Journal Articles and Book Chapters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Ian; Lauterbach, Alexandra; Carey, John

2015-01-01

A grounded theory methodology was used to analyze articles and book chapters describing the development and practice of school-based counseling in 25 different countries in order to identify the factors that affect development and practice. An 11-factor analytic framework was developed. Factors include: Cultural Factors, National Needs, Larger…

Ground Water Atlas of the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2000-01-01

PrefaceThe Ground Water Atlas of the United States presents a comprehensive summary of the Nation's ground-water resources and is a basic reference for the location, geography, geology, and hydrologic characteristics of the major aquifers in the Nation. The information was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies during the course of many years of study. Results of the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, a systematic study of the Nation's major aquifers by the U.S. Geological Survey, were used as a major, but not exclusive, source of information of the Atlas. The Atlas, which is designed in a graphical format that is supported by descriptive discussions, includes 13 chapters, each representing areas that collectively cover the 50 States and Puerto Rico, as well as the U.S. Virgin Islands. Each chapter of the Atlas presents and describes hydrogeologic and hydrologic conditions for the major aquifers in each regional area. The scale of the Atlas does not allow portrayal of minor features of the geology or hydrology of each aquifer presented, nor does it include detailed discussion of minor aquifers. Those readers who seek detailed local information for the aquifers will find extensive lists of references at the end of each chapter. The introductory chapter in this volume presents an overview of ground-water conditions Nationwide and gives an example of an aquifer in each of six hydrogeologic settings.

Chapter A9. Safety in Field Activities

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lane, Susan L.; Ray, Ronald G.

1998-01-01

The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) describes protocols (requirements and recommendations) and provides guidelines for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. This chapter of the manual addresses topics related to personal safety to be used in the collection of water-quality data, including: policies and general regulations on field safety; transportation of people and equipment; implementation of surface-water and ground-water activities; procedures for handling chemicals; and information on potentially hazardous environmental conditions, animals, and plants. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.' The URL for this page is http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/ index.html.

The Cerrillos Uplift, the La Bajada Constriction, and Hydrogeologic Framework of the Santo Domingo Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Minor, Scott A.

2006-01-01

The geologic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic properties of the La Bajada constriction and Santo Domingo Basin, northern New Mexico, result from tectonic and volcanic processes of the late Tertiary and Quaternary Rio Grande rift. An integrated geologic and geophysical assessment in the La Bajada constriction allows development of a geologic framework that can provide input for regional ground-water flow models. These models then can provide better estimates of future water supplies in a region that largely subsists on aquifers in Rio Grande rift basins. The combination of surface geologic investigations (stratigraphic and structural studies; chapters A, B, C, and E), airborne geophysics (aeromagnetic and time-domain electromagnetic surveys; chapters D and F), ground geophysical measurements (gravity and magnetotelluric surveys; chapters D and F), and data from the few wells in the area (chapter G) provides new constraints on the hydrogeologic framework of this area. Summary results of our investigations are synthesized in chapter G. Through-going aquifers consisting of ancestral Rio Grande axial-river sand and gravel and of coarse western-piedmont gravel form the predominant ground-water pathways through the partly buried structural trough defining the La Bajada constriction between Espa?ola and Santo Domingo Basins. Thick, clay-rich Cretaceous marine shales of low hydraulic conductivity form a pervasive regional confining unit within the Cerrillos uplift on the southeast flank of the constriction. Numerous, dominantly north-northwest-striking, intrabasin faults that project part way across the La Bajada constriction create a matrix of laterally and vertically variable hydrogeologic compartments that locally partition and deflect ground-water flow parallel to faults.

Wireless Telemetry and Command (T and C) Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jiang, Hui; Horan, Stephen

2000-01-01

The Wireless Telemetry and Command (T&C) program is to investigate methods of using commercial telecommunications service providers to support command and telemetry services between a remote user and a base station. While the initial development is based on ground networks, the development is being done with an eye towards future space communications needs. Both NASA and the Air Force have indicated a plan to consider the use of commercial telecommunications providers to support their space missions. To do this, there will need to be an understanding of the requirements and limitations of interfacing with the commercial providers. The eventual payoff will be the reduced operations cost and the ability to tap into commercial services being developed by the commercial networks. This should enable easier realization of EP services to the end points, commercial routing of data, and quicker integration of new services into the space mission operations. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this program is not just to provide wireless radio communications for T&C services but to enhance those services through wireless networking and provider enhancements that come with the networks. In the following chapters, the detailed technical procedure will be showed step by step. Chapter 2 will talk about the general idea of simulation as well as the implementation of data acquisition including sensor array data and GPS data. Chapter 3 will talk about how to use LabVEEW and Component Works to do wireless communication simulation and how to distribute the real-time information over the Internet by using Visual Basic and ActiveX controls. Also talk about the test configuration and validation. Chapter 4 will show the test results both from In-Lab test and Networking Test. Chapter 5 will summarize the whole procedure and give the perspective for the future consideration.

Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater: Introduction and Overview

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thurman, E.M.; Meyer, M.T.

1996-01-01

Several future research topics for herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water are outlined in this chapter. They are herbicide usage, chemical analysis of metabolites, and fate and transport of metabolites in surface and ground water. These three ideas follow the themes in this book, which are the summary of a symposium of the American Chemical Society on herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water. First, geographic information systems allow the spatial distribution of herbicide-use data to be combined with geochemical information on fate and transport of herbicides. Next these two types of information are useful in predicting the kinds of metabolites present and their probable distribution in surface and ground water. Finally, methods development efforts may be focused on these specific target analytes. This chapter discusses these three concepts and provides an introduction to this book on the analysis, chemistry, and fate and transport of herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water.

40 CFR 143-215.75 - Title

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2002-07-01

...: Acceptability of Information Section 6: Security f. Chapter 9: Severability g. Chapter 10: Effective Date.... (g) Release detection recordkeeping. Section 22a-449(d)-105 Release Reporting, Investigation, and.... (e) Initial site characterization. (f) Free product removal. (g) Investigations for soil and ground...

Gaia DR2 documentation Chapter 6: Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sartoretti, P.; Blomme, R.; David, M.; Seabroke, G.

2018-04-01

This chapter of the Gaia DR2 documentation describes the processing and validation of the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) data. A more detailed description of the processing is provided in Sartoretti et al. (2018) and of the validation in Katz et al. (2018). A description of the RVS instrument is provided in Cropper et al. (2018).

Ground-water levels in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Briar, David W.; Lawlor, S.M.; Stone, M.A.; Parliman, D.J.; Schaefer, J.L.; Kendy, Eloise

1996-01-01

The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program is a series of studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to analyze regional ground-water systems that compose a major portion of the Nation's water supply (Sun, 1986). The Northern Rocky Mountains Intermontane Basins is one of the study regions in this national program. The main objectives of the RASA studies are to (1) describe the groundwater systems as they exist today, (2) analyze the known changes that have led to the systems present condition, (3) combine results of previous studies in a regional analysis, where possible, and (4) provide means by which effects of future ground-water development can be estimated.The purpose of this study, which began in 1990, was to increase understanding of the hydrogeology of the intermontane basins of the Northern Rocky Mountains area. This report is Chapter B of a three-part series and shows the general distribution of ground-water levels in basin-fill deposits in the study area. Chapter A (Tuck and others, 1996) describes the geologic history and generalized hydrogeologic units. Chapter C (Clark and Dutton, 1996) describes the quality of ground and surface waters in the study area.Ground-water levels shown in this report were measured primarily during summer 1991 and summer 1992; however, historical water levels were used for areas where more recent data could not be obtained. The information provided allows for the evaluation of general directions of ground-water flow, identification of recharge and discharge areas, and determination of hydraulic gradients within basin-fill deposits.

The Challenge of the Urban School Site.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Deborah, Ed.; Lucas, Bill, Ed.; Titman, Wendy, Ed.; Hayward, Siobhan, Ed.

This guidebook provides information on improving urban school grounds in the United Kingdom to enhance children's lives. Chapters provide the experiences from other schools on the topics of greening the urban school grounds; the multi-cultural aspects of developing urban school grounds; organization of limited space; issues involving seating,…

Filling in the gaps: Illuminating (a) Clearing mechanisms in transitional protoplanetary disks, and (b) Quantitative illiteracy among undergraduate science students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Follette, Katherine Brutlag

What processes are responsible for the dispersal of protoplanetary disks? In this dissertation, beginning with a brief Introduction to planet detection, disk dispersal and high-contrast imaging in Chapter 1, I will describe how ground-based adaptive optics (AO) imaging can help to inform these processes. Chapter 2 presents Polarized Differential Imaging (PDI) of the transitional disk SR21 at H-band taken as part of the Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru (SEEDS). These observations were the first to show that transition disk cavities can appear markedly different at different wavelengths. The observation that the sub-mm cavity is absent in NIR scattered light is consistent with grain filtration at a planet-induced gap edge. Chapter 3 presents SEEDS data of the transition disk Oph IRS 48. This highly asymmetrical disk is also most consistent with a planet-induced clearing mechanism. In particular, the images reveal both the disk cavity and a spiral arm/divot that had not been imaged previously. This study demonstrates the power of multiwavelength PDI imaging to verify disk structure and to probe azimuthal variation in grain properties. Chapter 4 presents Magellan visible light adaptive optics imaging of the silhouette disk Orion 218-354. In addition to its technical merits, these observations reveal the surprising fact that this very young disk is optically thin at H-alpha. The simplest explanation for this observation is that significant grain growth has occurred in this disk, which may be responsible for the pre-transitional nature of its SED. Chapter 5 presents brief descriptions of several other works-in-progress that build on my previous work. These include the MagAO Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS), which will probe the inner regions of transition disks at unprecedented resolution in search of young planets in the process of formation. Chapters 6-8 represent my educational research in quantitative literacy, beginning with an introduction to the literature and study motivation in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 describes the development and validation of the Quantitative Reasoning for College Science (QuaRCS) Assessment instrument. Chapter 8 briefly describes the next steps for Phase II of the QuaRCS study.

Training Course in Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering: Reference Manual. Chapters 4, Ground Motion Characterization, and 8, Liquefaction and Seismic Settlement.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-12-01

This manual was written to provide training on how to apply principles of geotechnical earthquake engineering to planning, design, and retrofit of highway facilities. Reproduced here are two chapters 4 and 8 in the settlement, respectively. These cha...

Using the Earth to Heat and Cool Homes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Stephen G.

The heat collecting capacity of the earth and or the earth's ground waters and surface waters exist as potential energy sources for home heating and cooling. Techniques and devices associated with use of the earth's thermal energy capabilities are presented and evaluated in this four-chapter report. Included in these chapters are: (1) descriptions…

Chi Sigma Iota Chapter Leadership and Professional Identity Development in Early Career Counselors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luke, Melissa; Goodrich, Kristopher M.

2010-01-01

As the academic and professional honor society of counseling, Chi Sigma Iota (CSI) has been recognized in developing advocacy, leadership, and professional identity in student and professional members. A qualitative, grounded theory study was conducted to investigate experiences of 15 early career counselors who were CSI chapter leaders as…

Higher Education Policy and Institutional Change: Intentions and Outcomes in Turbulent Environments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trowler, Paul R., Ed.

The chapters in this collection focus on three levels of analysis of higher education: national policymaking, institutional strategy, and the ground level of departments and individual academics. Examples from various countries are analyzed in light of recent theoretical understandings of the policy process. The chapters are: (1) Introduction:…

Chapter A. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Strong Ground Motion

USGS Publications Warehouse

Borcherdt, Roger D.

1994-01-01

Strong ground motion generated by the Loma Prieta, Calif., earthquake (MS~7.1) of October 17, 1989, resulted in at least 63 deaths, more than 3,757 injuries, and damage estimated to exceed $5.9 billion. Strong ground motion severely damaged critical lifelines (freeway overpasses, bridges, and pipelines), caused severe damage to poorly constructed buildings, and induced a significant number of ground failures associated with liquefaction and landsliding. It also caused a significant proportion of the damage and loss of life at distances as far as 100 km from the epicenter. Consequently, understanding the characteristics of the strong ground motion associated with the earthquake is fundamental to understanding the earthquake's devastating impact on society. The papers assembled in this chapter address this problem. Damage to vulnerable structures from the earthquake varied substantially with the distance from the causative fault and the type of underlying geologic deposits. Most of the damage and loss of life occurred in areas underlain by 'soft soil'. Quantifying these effects is important for understanding the tragic concentrations of damage in such areas as Santa Cruz and the Marina and Embarcadero Districts of San Francisco, and the failures of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and the Interstate Highway 880 overpass. Most importantly, understanding these effects is a necessary prerequisite for improving mitigation measures for larger earthquakes likely to occur much closer to densely urbanized areas in the San Francisco Bay region. The earthquake generated an especially important data set for understanding variations in the severity of strong ground motion. Instrumental strong-motion recordings were obtained at 131 sites located from about 6 to 175 km from the rupture zone. This set of recordings, the largest yet collected for an event of this size, was obtained from sites on various geologic deposits, including a unique set on 'soft soil' deposits (artificial fill and bay mud). These exceptional ground-motion data are used by the authors of the papers in this chapter to infer radiation characteristics of the earthquake source, identify dominant propagation characteristics of the Earth?s crust, quantify amplification characteristics of near-surface geologic deposits, develop general amplification factors for site-dependent building-code provisions, and revise earthquake-hazard assessments for the San Francisco Bay region. Interpretations of additional data recorded in well-instrumented buildings, dams, and freeway overpasses are provided in other chapters of this report.

14 CFR 417.111 - Launch plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... controls identified by a launch operator's ground safety analysis and implementation of the ground safety.... (ii) For each toxic propellant, any hazard controls and process constraints determined under the... classification and compatibility group as defined by part 420 of this chapter. (3) A graphic depiction of the...

The application of spaceborne GPS to atmospheric limb sounding and global change monitoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melbourne, W. G.; Davis, E. S.; Duncan, C. B.; Hajj, G. A.; Hardy, K. R.; Kursinski, E. R.; Meehan, T. K.; Young, L. E.; Yunck, T. P.

1994-01-01

This monograph is intended for readers with minimal background in radio science who seek a relatively comprehensive treatment of the mission and technical aspects of an Earth-orbiting radio occultation satellite. Part 1 (chapters 1-6) describes mission concepts and programmatic information; Part 2 (chapters 7-12) deals with the theoretical aspects of analyzing and interpreting radio occultation measurements. In this mission concept the navigation signals from a Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite that is being occulted by the Earth's limb are observed by a GPS flight receiver on board a low Earth orbiter (LEO) satellite. This technique can be used to recover profiles of the Earth's atmospheric refractivity, pressure, and temperature using small, dedicated, and relatively low-cost space systems. Chapter 2 summarizes the basic space system concepts of the limb-sounding technique and describes a low-cost strawman demonstration mission. Chapter 3 discusses some of the scientific benefits of using radio occultation on a suite of small satellites. Chapter 4 provides a more detailed discussion of several system elements in a radio occultation mission, including the launch system for small payloads, the LEO microsat, the GPS constellation, the GPS flight receiver payload, the mission operations ground control and data receiving system, the ground-based GPS global tracking network for precision orbit determination, and the central data processing and archive system. Chapter 5 addresses the various technology readiness questions that invariably arise. Chapter 6 discusses the overall costs of a demonstration mission such as GPS/MET (meteorological) proposed by the University Navstar Consortium (UNAVCO). Chapter 7 describes a geometrical optics approach to coplanar atmospheric occultation. Chapter 8 addresses major questions regarding accuracy of the occultation techniques. Chapter 9 describes some simulations that have been performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the recovered profiles of atmospheric parameters to different error sources, such as departure from spherical symmetry, water vapor, etc. Chapter 10 discusses horizontal and vertical resolution associated with limb sounders in general. Chapter 11 treats selected Fresnel diffraction techniques that can be used in radio occultation measurements to sharpen resolution. Chapter 12 provides brief discussions on selected special topics, such as strategies for handling interference and multipath processes that may arise for rays traveling in the lower troposphere.

Vector Pursuit Path Tracking for Autonomous Ground Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-08-01

vi INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1...other geometric path-tracking techniques. 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION An autonomous vehicle is one that is capable of automatic navigation. It is...Joint Architecture for Unmanned Ground Vehicles ( JAUGS ) working group meeting held at the University of Florida. 5 Figure 1.5: Autonomous

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series. Volume 41; Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeh, Eueng-nan; Barnes, Robert A.; Darzi, Michael; Kumar, Lakshmi; Early, Edward A.; Johnson, B. Carol; Mueller, James L.; Trees, Charles C.

1997-01-01

This document provides brief reports, or case studies, on a number of investigations sponsored by the Calibration and Validation Team (CVT) within the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project. Chapter I describes the calibration and characterization of the GSFC sphere, which was used in the recent recalibration of the SeaWiFS instrument. Chapter 2 presents a revision of the diffuse attenuation coefficient, K(490), algorithm based on the SeaWiFS wavelengths. Chapter 3 provides an implementation scheme for an algorithm to remove out-of-band radiance when using a sensor calibration based on a finite width (truncated) spectral response function, e.g., between the 1% transmission points. Chapter 4 describes the implementation schemes for the stray light quality flag (local area coverage [LAC] and global area coverage [GAC]) and the LAC stray light correction.

Participant-Driven Managed Supports: Breaking New Ground. A Handbook on Applying Managed Care Strategies to Developmental Disabilities Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melda, Kerri, Ed.

This guide discusses participant-driven managed support in which people with disabilities and their families steer their own futures by having more control over the money used to provide long-term supports. After an introductory chapter, chapter 2, "What Is Managed Care," describes managed care, traditional managed care players, and the 10 tools…

Water and water use in southern Nevada [Chapter 3] (Executive Summary)

Treesearch

Wayne R. Belcher; Michael J. Moran; Megan E. Rogers

2013-01-01

Water and water use in southern Nevada is an important issue. The scarcity of water resources for both human and biologic communities often leads to intense competition for both surface and ground waters. Anthropogenic and climate change impacts on scarce water resources need to be understood to assess human and ecosystem health for southern Nevada. Chapter 3 outlines...

Grounded for Life?! Stop Blowing Your Fuse and Start Communicating with Your Teenager.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tracy, Louise Felton

This parenting guide looks at the way parenting has been working and suggests a better way. It offers a process for parenting that helps parents distinguish the important issues for healthy teen growth. Chapter 1 discusses how children challenge and how parents are challenged. Chapter 2 suggests that parents can begin by changing themselves in…

41 CFR 101-20.0 - Cross-reference to the Federal Management Regulation (FMR) 41 CFR chapter 102 parts 1 through 220).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Federal Management Regulation (FMR) 41 CFR chapter 102 parts 1 through 220). 101-20.0 Section 101-20.0 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND SPACE 20-MANAGEMENT OF BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS § 101-20.0 Cross...

46 CFR 154.235 - Cargo tank location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... specified in Table 172.180 of this chapter; and (3) 30 inches (760 mm) from the shell plating. (b) For type... for grounding penetration specified in Table 172.180 of this chapter; and (2) 30 inches (760 mm) from... bottom height or 13.8 in. (350 mm). [CGD 74-289, 44 FR 26009, May 3, 1979, as amended by CGD 79-023, 48...

Act No. 62, Penal Code, 29 December 1987.

PubMed

1988-01-01

This document contains various provisions of the 1987 Cuban Penal Code. Chapter 6 of Title 8 (crimes against life and bodily integrity) outlaws abortion and sets prison terms for its performance under various circumstances. Chapter 7 sets a penalty of five to 12 years imprisonment for performing a sterilization procedure. Chapter 8 outlines the penalties for abandonment of minors and incompetent or helpless people. Under Title 9 (crimes against individual rights), Chapter 8 renders it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of sex, race, color, or national origin. Chapter 1 of Title 11 deals with crimes against the normal development of sexual relations, setting penalties for rape, pederasty with violence, and lascivious abuse. Chapter 2 covers crimes against the normal development of the family such as incest, sexual relations with a minor, bigamy, illegal marriage, and substitution of one child for another. Chapter 3 places penalties for crimes against the normal development of childhood and youth, such as the corruption of minors, the neglect of minors, and the failure to support minors.

14 CFR 61.1 - Applicability and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., or flight training device for meeting the appropriate training and flight time requirements for an... this chapter and is in compliance with § 61.217, when conducting ground training in accordance with the... conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her...

Frequency Response Function Based Damage Identification for Aerospace Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oliver, Joseph Acton

Structural health monitoring technologies continue to be pursued for aerospace structures in the interests of increased safety and, when combined with health prognosis, efficiency in life-cycle management. The current dissertation develops and validates damage identification technology as a critical component for structural health monitoring of aerospace structures and, in particular, composite unmanned aerial vehicles. The primary innovation is a statistical least-squares damage identification algorithm based in concepts of parameter estimation and model update. The algorithm uses frequency response function based residual force vectors derived from distributed vibration measurements to update a structural finite element model through statistically weighted least-squares minimization producing location and quantification of the damage, estimation uncertainty, and an updated model. Advantages compared to other approaches include robust applicability to systems which are heavily damped, large, and noisy, with a relatively low number of distributed measurement points compared to the number of analytical degrees-of-freedom of an associated analytical structural model (e.g., modal finite element model). Motivation, research objectives, and a dissertation summary are discussed in Chapter 1 followed by a literature review in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 gives background theory and the damage identification algorithm derivation followed by a study of fundamental algorithm behavior on a two degree-of-freedom mass-spring system with generalized damping. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of noise then successfully proves the algorithm against competing methods using an analytical eight degree-of-freedom mass-spring system with non-proportional structural damping. Chapter 5 extends use of the algorithm to finite element models, including solutions for numerical issues, approaches for modeling damping approximately in reduced coordinates, and analytical validation using a composite sandwich plate model. Chapter 6 presents the final extension to experimental systems-including methods for initial baseline correlation and data reduction-and validates the algorithm on an experimental composite plate with impact damage. The final chapter deviates from development and validation of the primary algorithm to discuss development of an experimental scaled-wing test bed as part of a collaborative effort for developing structural health monitoring and prognosis technology. The dissertation concludes with an overview of technical conclusions and recommendations for future work.

Density-Functional Theory Study of Materials and Their Properties at Non-Zero Temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antolin, Nikolas

Density functional theory (DFT) has proven useful in providing energetic and structural data to inform higher levels of simulation as well as populate materials databases. However, DFT does not intrinsically include temperature effects that are critical to determining materials behavior in real-world applications. By considering the magnitude of critical energy differences in a system to be studied, one may select the appropriate level of additional theory with which to supplement DFT to obtain meaningful results with respect to temperature-induced behavior. This thesis details studies on three materials systems, representing three distinct levels of additional theory used in the study of thermally-induced behavior. After introducing the concepts involved in extracting thermal data from atomistics and density functional theory in chapters 1 and 2, chapter 3 details studies on a Ni-base superalloy system and its behavior in creep testing at high temperature due to planar defects. Chapters 4 and 5 detail work on thermal stabilization of BCC phases which are unstable without temperature effects and the progress in calculating the thermodynamic stability of vacancies in these and other BCC systems. Chapter 6 describes a study of thermal effects coupling to magnetism in indium antimonide (InSb), which are the result of previously unobserved coupling between phonons and magnetic field in a diamagnetic material. All three of the systems studied exhibit materials properties which are strongly temperature-dependent, but the level of theory necessary to study them varies from simple ground state calculations to consideration of the effects of single vibrational modes within the material. Since many of the approaches used and introduced here are computationally intensive and push the limits of publicly available computational resources, this thesis puts additional focus on optimizing code execution and choosing an appropriate level of theory to probe a given material system. An inappropriate level of theory can either be computationally wasteful (or unfeasible) or yield meaningless results; it is only by the inclusion of appropriate thermal effects, determined by system to be considered, that valid results can be obtained. Though much progress has been made in generalizing the approaches described in this thesis, further research will be necessary if we hope to fulfill the lofty goal of a universally applicable method of extracting thermal data from first principles in a way that guarantees valid and useful results.

A Novel Interdisciplinary Approach to Socio-Technical Complexity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bassetti, Chiara

The chapter presents a novel interdisciplinary approach that integrates micro-sociological analysis into computer-vision and pattern-recognition modeling and algorithms, the purpose being to tackle socio-technical complexity at a systemic yet micro-grounded level. The approach is empirically-grounded and both theoretically- and analytically-driven, yet systemic and multidimensional, semi-supervised and computable, and oriented towards large scale applications. The chapter describes the proposed approach especially as for its sociological foundations, and as applied to the analysis of a particular setting --i.e. sport-spectator crowds. Crowds, better defined as large gatherings, are almost ever-present in our societies, and capturing their dynamics is crucial. From social sciences to public safety management and emergency response, modeling and predicting large gatherings' presence and dynamics, thus possibly preventing critical situations and being able to properly react to them, is fundamental. This is where semi/automated technologies can make the difference. The work presented in this chapter is intended as a scientific step towards such an objective.

Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stonestrom, David A.; Constantz, Jim; Ferré, Ty P.A.; Leake, Stanley A.

2007-01-01

Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States results from the complex interplay of climate, geology, and vegetation across widely ranging spatial and temporal scales. Present-day recharge tends to be narrowly focused in time and space. Widespread water-table declines accompanied agricultural development during the twentieth century, demonstrating that sustainable ground-water supplies are not guaranteed when part of the extracted resource represents paleorecharge. Climatic controls on ground-water recharge range from seasonal cycles of summer monsoonal and winter frontal storms to multimillennial cycles of glacial and interglacial periods. Precipitation patterns reflect global-scale interactions among the oceans, atmosphere, and continents. Large-scale climatic influences associated with El Niño and Pacific Decadal Oscillations strongly, but irregularly, control weather in the study area, so that year-to-year variations in precipitation and ground-water recharge are large and difficult to predict. Proxy data indicate geologically recent periods of naturally occurring multidecadal droughts unlike any in the modern instrumental record. Any anthropogenically induced climate change will likely reduce ground-water recharge through diminished snowpack at higher elevations. Future changes in El Niño and monsoonal patterns, both crucial to precipitation in the study area, are highly uncertain in current models. Current land-use modifications influence ground-water recharge through vegetation, irrigation, and impermeable area. High mountain ranges bounding the study area—the San Bernadino Mountains and Sierra Nevada to the west, and the Wasatch and southern Colorado Rocky Mountains to the east—provide external geologic controls on ground-water recharge. Internal geologic controls stem from tectonic processes that led to numerous, variably connected alluvial-filled basins, exposure of extensive Paleozoic aquifers in mountainous recharge areas, and distinct modes of recharge in the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range subregions.The chapters in this professional paper present (first) an overview of climatic and hydrogeologic framework (chapter A), followed by a regional analysis of ground-water recharge across the entire study area (chapter B). These are followed by an overview of site-specific case studies representing different subareas of the geographically diverse arid and semiarid southwestern United States (chapter C); the case studies themselves follow in chapters D–K. The regional analysis includes detailed hydrologic modeling within the framework of a high-resolution geographic-information system (GIS). Results from the regional analysis are used to explore both the distribution of ground-water recharge for mean climatic conditions as well as the influence of two climatic patterns—the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation—that impart a high degree of variability to the hydrologic cycle. Individual case studies employ a variety of geophysical and geochemical techniques to investigate recharge processes and relate the processes to local geologic and climatic conditions. All of the case studies made use of naturally occurring tracers to quantify recharge. Thermal and geophysical techniques that were developed in the course of the studies are presented in appendices.The quantification of ground-water recharge in arid settings is inherently difficult due to the generally low amount of recharge, its spatially and temporally spotty nature, and the absence of techniques for directly measuring fluxes entering the saturated zone from the unsaturated zone. Deep water tables in arid alluvial basins correspond to thick unsaturated zones that produce up to millennial time lags between changes in hydrologic conditions at the land surface and subsequent changes in recharge to underlying ground water. Recent advances in physical, chemical, isotopic, and modeling techniques have fostered new types of recharge assessments. Chemical and isotopic techniques include an increasing variety of environmental tracers that are useful and robust. Physically based techniques include the use of heat as a tracer and computationally intensive geophysical imaging tools for characterizing hydrologic conditions in the unsaturated zone. Modeling-based techniques include spatially distributed water-budget computations using high-resolution remotely sensed and ground-based geographic data. Application of these techniques to arid and semiarid settings in the southwestern United States reveals distinct patterns of recharge corresponding to geologic setting, climatic and vegetative history, and land use. Analysis of recharge patterns shows that large expanses of alluvial basin floors are drying out under current climatic conditions, with little to no recharge to underlying ground water. Ground-water recharge occurs mainly beneath upland catchments in which thin soils overlie permeable bedrock, ephemeral channels in which flow may average only several hours per year, and active agricultural areas. The chapters in this professional paper represent a coordinated attempt to develop a better understanding of one of the Nation's most critical yet difficult-to-quantify renewable resources.

Algorithm Updates for the Fourth SeaWiFS Data Reprocessing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooker, Stanford, B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); Patt, Frederick S.; Barnes, Robert A.; Eplee, Robert E., Jr.; Franz, Bryan A.; Robinson, Wayne D.; Feldman, Gene Carl; Bailey, Sean W.

2003-01-01

The efforts to improve the data quality for the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data products have continued, following the third reprocessing of the global data set in May 2000. Analyses have been ongoing to address all aspects of the processing algorithms, particularly the calibration methodologies, atmospheric correction, and data flagging and masking. All proposed changes were subjected to rigorous testing, evaluation and validation. The results of these activities culminated in the fourth reprocessing, which was completed in July 2002. The algorithm changes, which were implemented for this reprocessing, are described in the chapters of this volume. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the activities leading up to the fourth reprocessing, and summarizes the effects of the changes. Chapter 2 describes the modifications to the on-orbit calibration, specifically the focal plane temperature correction and the temporal dependence. Chapter 3 describes the changes to the vicarious calibration, including the stray light correction to the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) data and improved data screening procedures. Chapter 4 describes improvements to the near-infrared (NIR) band correction algorithm. Chapter 5 describes changes to the atmospheric correction and the oceanic property retrieval algorithms, including out-of-band corrections, NIR noise reduction, and handling of unusual conditions. Chapter 6 describes various changes to the flags and masks, to increase the number of valid retrievals, improve the detection of the flag conditions, and add new flags. Chapter 7 describes modifications to the level-la and level-3 algorithms, to improve the navigation accuracy, correct certain types of spacecraft time anomalies, and correct a binning logic error. Chapter 8 describes the algorithm used to generate the SeaWiFS photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) product. Chapter 9 describes a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, which is used in one of the changes described in Chapter 4. Finally, Chapter 10 describes a comparison of results from the third and fourth reprocessings along the US. Northeast coast.

Attention and competition in figure-ground perception.

PubMed

Peterson, Mary A; Salvagio, Elizabeth

2009-01-01

What are the roles of attention and competition in determining where objects lie in the visual field, a phenomenon known as figure-ground perception? In this chapter, we review evidence that attention and other high-level factors such as familiarity affect figure-ground perception, and we discuss models that implement these effects. Next, we consider the Biased Competition Model of Attention in which attention is used to resolve the competition for neural representation between two nearby stimuli; in this model the response to the stimulus that loses the competition is suppressed. In the remainder of the chapter we discuss recent behavioral evidence that figure-ground perception entails between-object competition in which the response to the shape of the losing competitor is suppressed. We also describe two experiments testing whether more attention is drawn to resolve greater figure-ground competition, as would be expected if the Biased Competition Model of Attention extends to figure-ground perception. In these experiments we find that responses to targets on the location of a losing strong competitor are slowed, consistent with the idea that the location of the losing competitor is suppressed, but responses to targets on the winning competitor are not speeded, which is inconsistent with the hypothesis that attention is used to resolve figure-ground competition. In closing, we discuss evidence that attention can operate by suppression as well as by facilitation.

U.S. Geological Survey Middle Rio Grande Basin Study; Proceedings of the first annual workshop, Denver, Colorado, November 12-14, 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bartolino, James R.

1997-01-01

Approximately 40 percent (about 600,000 people) of the total population of New Mexico lives within the Middle Rio Grande Basin, which includes the City of Albuquerque. Ongoing analyses of the central portion of the Middle Rio Grande Basin by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque and other cooperators have shown that ground water in the basin is not as readily accessible as earlier studies indicated. A more complete characterization of the ground-water resources of the entire Middle Rio Grande Basin is hampered by a scarcity of data in the northern and southern areas of the basin. The USGS Middle Rio Grande Basin Study is a 5-year effort by the USGS and other agencies to improve the understanding of the hydrology, geology, and land-surface characteristics of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. The primary objective of this study is to improve the understanding of the water resources of the basin. Of particular interest is to determine the extent of hydrologic connection between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer. Additionally, ground-water quality affects the availability of water supplies in the basin. Improving the existing USGS- constructed ground-water flow model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin will integrate all the various tasks that improve our knowledge of the various components of the Middle Rio Grande water budget. Part of this improvement will be accompanied by extended knowledge of the aquifer system beyond the Albuquerque area into the northern and southern reaches of the basin. Other improvements will be based on understanding gained through process-oriented research and improved geologic characterization of the deposits. The USGS will study the hydrology, geology, and land-surface characteristics of the basin to provide the scientific information needed for water- resources management and for managers to plan for water supplies needed for a growing population. To facilitate exchange of information among the many USGS scientists working in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, yearly technical meetings are planned for the anticipated 5-year study. These meetings provide an opportunity to present research results and plan new field efforts. This report documents the results of research presented at the first technical workshop held in Denver, Colorado, in November 1996. The report is organized into this introduction, five chapters that focus on USGS investigations in progress in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, and three appendixes with supplemental information. The first chapter provides an overview of the USGS program in the basin. The second chapter describes geographic data and analysis efforts in the basin. The third chapter details work being done on the hydrogeologic framework of the basin. The fourth chapter describes studies on ground-water availability in the basin and is divided into three areas of research: ground-water/surface-water interaction, ground-water flow and aquifer properties, and recharge. The fifth chapter is devoted to an overview of New Mexico District Cooperative Program studies in the basin. Finally, the appendixes list publications and presentations made during the first year of the study and 1996 workshop attendees. The report concludes with a list of selected references relevant to the study. The information in this report presents preliminary results of an evolving study. As the study progresses and individual projects publish their results in more detail, the USGS hopes to expand the scientific basis needed for management decisions regarding the Middle Rio Grande Basin.

Comparative Evaluation of Veriflow® Salmonella Species to USDA and FDA Culture-Based Methods for the Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food and Environmental Samples.

PubMed

Puri, Amrita; Joelsson, Adam C; Terkhorn, Shawn P; Brown, Ashley S; Gaudioso, Zara E; Siciliano, Nicholas A

2017-09-01

Veriflow® Salmonella species (Veriflow SS) is a molecular-based assay for the presumptive detection of Salmonella spp. from environmental surfaces (stainless steel, sealed concrete, plastic, and ceramic tile), dairy (2% milk), raw meat (20% fat ground beef), chicken carcasses, and ready-to-eat (RTE) food (hot dogs). The assay utilizes a PCR detection method coupled with a rapid, visual, flow-based assay that develops in 3 min post-PCR amplification and requires only an 18 h enrichment for maximum sensitivity. The Veriflow SS system eliminates the need for sample purification, gel electrophoresis, or fluorophore-based detection of target amplification and does not require complex data analysis. This Performance Tested MethodSM validation study demonstrated the ability of the Veriflow SS method to detect low levels of artificially inoculated or naturally occurring Salmonella spp. in eight distinct environmental and food matrixes. In each reference comparison study, probability of detection analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between the Veriflow SS method and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Chapter 4.06 and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 5 reference methods. A total of 104 Salmonella strains were detected in the inclusivity study, and 35 nonspecific organisms went undetected in the exclusivity study. The study results show that the Veriflow SS method is a sensitive, selective, and robust assay for the presumptive detection of Salmonella spp. sampled from environmental surfaces (stainless steel, sealed concrete, plastic, and ceramic tile), dairy (2% milk), raw meat (20% fat ground beef), chicken carcasses, and RTE food (hot dogs).

Landscape habitats [Chapter 2

Treesearch

C. L. Simmons

1994-01-01

This landscape habitat description is based on a ground reconnaissance of the Lost Lake, West Glacier Lake, and East Glacier Lake portions of GLEES conducted during 10 days in July-September 1986 and on subsequent photo interpretation of 1:6000 scale color-infrared photographs. A ground check was conducted in July-August 1987. The classification used is a physiognomic...

Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stonestrom, David A.; Constantz, Jim

2003-01-01

Stream temperature has long been recognized as an important water quality parameter. Temperature plays a key role in the health of a stream?s aquatic life, both in the water column and in the benthic habitat of streambed sediments. Many fish are sensitive to temperature. For example, anadromous salmon require specific temperature ranges to successfully develop, migrate, and spawn [see Halupka and others, 2000]. Metabolic rates, oxygen requirements and availability, predation patterns, and susceptibility of organisms to contaminants are but a few of the many environmental responses regulated by temperature. Hydrologists traditionally treated streams and ground water as distinct, independent resources to be utilized and managed separately. With increasing demands on water supplies, however, hydrologists realized that streams and ground water are parts of a single, interconnected resource [see Winter and others, 1998]. Attempts to distinguish these resources for analytical or regulatory purposes are fraught with difficulty because each domain can supply (or drain) the other, with attendant possibilities for contamination exchange. Sustained depletion of one resource usually results in depletion of the other, propagating adverse effects within the watershed. An understanding of the interconnections between surface water and ground water is therefore essential. This understanding is still incomplete, but receiving growing attention from the research community. Exchanges between streams and shallow ground-water systems play a key role in controlling temperatures not only in streams, but also in their underlying sediments. As a result, analyses of subsurface temperature patterns provide information about surface-water/ground-water interactions. Chemical tracers are commonly used for tracing flow between streams and ground water. Introduction of chemical tracers in near-stream environments is, however, limited by real and perceived issues regarding introduced contamination and practical constraints. As an alternative, naturally occurring variations in temperature can be used to track (or trace) the heat carried by flowing water. The hydraulic transport of heat enables its use as a tracer. Differences between temperatures in the stream and surrounding sediments are now being analyzed to trace the movement of ground water to and from streams. As shown in the subsequent chapters of this circular, tracing the transport of heat leads to a better understanding of the magnitudes and mechanisms of stream/ground-water exchanges, and helps quantify the resulting effects on stream and streambed temperatures. Chapter 1 describes the general principals and procedures by which the natural transport of heat can be utilized to infer the movement of subsurface water near streams. This information sets the foundation for understanding the advanced applications in chapters 2 through 8. Each of these chapters provides a case study, using heat tracing as a tool, of interactions between surface water and ground water for a different location in the western United States. Technical details of the use of heat as an environmental tracer appear in appendices.

Effect of coherent structures on energetic particle intensity in the solar wind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tessein, Jeffrey A.

Solar energetic particles in the solar wind are accelerated in both solar flares and shocks assocated with fast coronal mass ejections. They follow the interplanetary magnetic field and, upon reaching Earth, have implications for space weather. Space weather affects astronaut health and orbiting equipment through radiation hazard and electrical infrastructure on the ground with ground induced currents. Economic im- pacts include disruption of GPS and redirection of commercial polar flights due to a dangerous radiation environment over the poles. By studying how these particles interact with the magnetic fields we can better predict onset times and diffusion of these events. We find, using superposed epoch analysis and conditional statisitics from spacecraft observations that there is a strong association between energetic particles in the solar wind and magnetic discontinuities. This may be related to turbulent dissipa- tion mechanisms in which coherent structures in the solar wind seem to be preferred sites of heating, plasma instabilites and dissipation. In the case of energetic particles, magnetic reconnection and transport in flux tubes are likely to play a role. Though we focus on data away from large shocks, trapping can occur in the downstream region of shocks due to the preponderance of compressive turbulence in these areas. This thesis lays the ground work for the results described above with an intro- duction to solar wind and heliospheric physics in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 is an intro- duction to the acceleration mechanisms that give rise to observed energetic particle events. Chapter 3 describes various data analysis techniques and statistics that are bread and butter when analyzing spacecraft data for turbulence and energetic particle studies. Chapter 4 is a digression that covers preliminary studies that were done on the side; scale dependent kurtosis, ergodic studies and initial conditions for simulations. Chapter 5 contains that central published results of this thesis, that there is a strong association between energetic particle intensity and magnetic discontinuties and that the correlation is can be attributed to transport and local acceleration.

42 CFR 476.84 - Changes as a result of DRG validation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Changes as a result of DRG validation. 476.84... DRG validation. A provider or practitioner may obtain a review by a QIO under part 473 of this chapter... result of QIO validation activities. ...

"Unusually Successful": Pittsfield Chapter 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shiminski, James A.

The United States Education Department recognizes projects that effectively meet the special needs of educationally deprived students. In 1992, the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Chapter 1 preschool program earned national validation as an "unusually successful" compensatory education program. The program has served as a statewide model, and…

Measuring Environmental Factors: Unique and Overlapping International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Coverage of 5 Instruments.

PubMed

Heinemann, Allen W; Miskovic, Ana; Semik, Patrick; Wong, Alex; Dashner, Jessica; Baum, Carolyn; Magasi, Susan; Hammel, Joy; Tulsky, David S; Garcia, Sofia F; Jerousek, Sara; Lai, Jin-Shei; Carlozzi, Noelle E; Gray, David B

2016-12-01

To describe the unique and overlapping content of the newly developed Environmental Factors Item Banks (EFIB) and 7 legacy environmental factor instruments, and to evaluate the EFIB's construct validity by examining associations with legacy instruments. Cross-sectional, observational cohort. Community. A sample of community-dwelling adults with stroke, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury (N=568). None. EFIB covering domains of the built and natural environment; systems, services, and policies; social environment; and access to information and technology; the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF) short form; the Facilitators and Barriers Survey/Mobility (FABS/M) short form; the Home and Community Environment Instrument (HACE); the Measure of the Quality of the Environment (MQE) short form; and 3 of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System's (PROMIS) Quality of Social Support measures. The EFIB and legacy instruments assess most of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) environmental factors chapters, including chapter 1 (products and technology; 75 items corresponding to 11 codes), chapter 2 (natural environment and human-made changes; 31 items corresponding to 7 codes), chapter 3 (support and relationships; 74 items corresponding to 7 codes), chapter 4 (attitudes; 83 items corresponding to 8 codes), and chapter 5 (services, systems, and policies; 72 items corresponding to 16 codes). Construct validity is provided by moderate correlations between EFIB measures and the CHIEF, MQE barriers, HACE technology mobility, FABS/M community built features, and PROMIS item banks and by small correlations with other legacy instruments. Only 5 of the 66 legacy instrument correlation coefficients are moderate, suggesting they measure unique aspects of the environment, whereas all intra-EFIB correlations were at least moderate. The EFIB measures provide a brief and focused assessment of ICF environmental factor chapters. The pattern of correlations with legacy instruments provides initial evidence of construct validity. Copyright © 2016 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modeling and Design of GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors and Hot Electron Transistors through Monte Carlo Particle-based Device Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soligo, Riccardo

In this work, the insight provided by our sophisticated Full Band Monte Carlo simulator is used to analyze the behavior of state-of-art devices like GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors and Hot Electron Transistors. Chapter 1 is dedicated to the description of the simulation tool used to obtain the results shown in this work. Moreover, a separate section is dedicated the set up of a procedure to validate to the tunneling algorithm recently implemented in the simulator. Chapter 2 introduces High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs), state-of-art devices characterized by highly non linear transport phenomena that require the use of advanced simulation methods. The techniques for device modeling are described applied to a recent GaN-HEMT, and they are validated with experimental measurements. The main techniques characterization techniques are also described, including the original contribution provided by this work. Chapter 3 focuses on a popular technique to enhance HEMTs performance: the down-scaling of the device dimensions. In particular, this chapter is dedicated to lateral scaling and the calculation of a limiting cutoff frequency for a device of vanishing length. Finally, Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 describe the modeling of Hot Electron Transistors (HETs). The simulation approach is validated by matching the current characteristics with the experimental one before variations of the layouts are proposed to increase the current gain to values suitable for amplification. The frequency response of these layouts is calculated, and modeled by a small signal circuit. For this purpose, a method to directly calculate the capacitance is developed which provides a graphical picture of the capacitative phenomena that limit the frequency response in devices. In Chapter 5 the properties of the hot electrons are investigated for different injection energies, which are obtained by changing the layout of the emitter barrier. Moreover, the large signal characterization of the HET is shown for different layouts, where the collector barrier was scaled.

Validity of student’s misconceptions diagnosis on chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases using three-tier diagnostic test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jauhariyah, M. N. R.; Zulfa, I.; Harizah, Z.; Setyarsih, W.

2018-04-01

In the learning process, students still have misconceptions although the concept has been taught by the teacher. One of the causes of misconceptions comes from the students themselves. The teacher often does not know that students have misconceptions because the assessment that has been given does not review the cause of misconception that occurs in students. Students have misconception especially in Abstract concept like in chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases. Because of that, this study made three tier diagnostic instrument test to diagnose student’s misconception in chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases. Moreover, it is also done an analysis in order to know the quality of instrument that has been made. According to the trials, the percentage of average internal validity is about 84.6% which means it is in proper to use and the reliability of instrument is 0.752, meaning reliable to use. This instrument used to diagnose the students’ misconceptions on chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases.

A selection of biomechanical research problems: From modeling to experimentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbasi, Cyrus Omid

The research undertakings within this manuscript illustrate the importance of biomechanics in today's science. Without doubt, biomechanics can be utilized to obtain a better understanding of many unsolved mysteries involved in the field of medicine. Moreover, biomechanics can be used to develop better prosthetic or surgical devices as well. Chapter 2 represents a medical problem, which has not been solved for more than a century. With the use of fundamental principles of biomechanics', a better insight of this problem and its possible causes were obtained. Chapter 3 investigates the mechanical interaction between the human teeth and some processed food products during mastication, which is a routine but crucial daily activity of a human being. Chapter 4 looks at a problem within the field of surgery. In this chapter the stability and reliability of two different Suturing-Techniques are explored. Chapters 5 and 6 represent new patent designs as a result of the investigations made in Chapter 4. Chapter 7 studies the impact and load transfer patterns during the collision between a child's head and the ground. All of the above mentioned chapters show the significance of biomechanics in solving a range of different medical problems that involve physical and or mechanical characters.

Gaia DR2 documentation Chapter 8: Astrophysical Parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manteiga, M.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M.; Creevey, O.; Ordenovic, C.; Mary, N.; Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A.; Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.

2018-04-01

This chapter of the Gaia DR2 documentation describes Apsis, the Astrophysical Parameters Inference System used for processing Gaia DR2 data. Beyond this documentation, a complete description of the processing and the results, as well as additional validations, have been published in Andrae et al. (2018).

48 CFR 702.170-17 - Automated Directives System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... “Automated Directives System” (“ADS”) sets forth the Agency's policies and essential procedures, as well as supplementary informational references. It contains six functional series, interim policy updates, valid USAID handbook chapters, a resource library, and a glossary. References to “ADS” throughout this chapter 7 are...

Chapter A6. Field Measurements

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilde, Franceska D.; Radtke, Dean B.

1998-01-01

The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) provides guidelines and standard procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. Chapter A6 presents procedures and guidelines for the collection of data on air and water temperature, and on dissolved-oxygen concentrations, specific electrical conductance, pH, reduction-oxidation potential, alkalinity, and turbidity in water. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters are posted on the World Wide Web on the USGS page 'National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data.' The URL for this page is http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A (accessed August 6, 2005).

Final Report for Dynamic Models for Causal Analysis of Panel Data. Models for Change in Quantitative Variables, Part I Deterministic Models. Part II, Chapter 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hannan, Michael T.

This document is part of a series of chapters described in SO 011 759. Addressing the question of effective models to measure change and the change process, the author suggests that linear structural equation systems may be viewed as steady state outcomes of continuous-change models and have rich sociological grounding. Two interpretations of the…

5 CFR 838.1121 - Procedures and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) COURT ORDERS AFFECTING RETIREMENT BENEFITS Court Orders Under the Child Abuse... requirements applicable to legal process under part 581 of this chapter apply to OPM's administration of child... 581 of this chapter that appears valid on its face. (2)(i) After OPM has determined that a child abuse...

40 CFR 97.632 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or appendix D to part 75 of this chapter. (b) Audit decertification...

40 CFR 97.732 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or appendix D to part 75 of this chapter. (b) Audit decertification...

40 CFR 97.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of appendix D to part 75 of this chapter... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 97.632 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or appendix D to part 75 of this chapter. (b) Audit decertification...

40 CFR 97.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of appendix D to part 75 of this chapter... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 97.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of appendix D to part 75 of this chapter... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 97.732 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or appendix D to part 75 of this chapter. (b) Audit decertification...

40 CFR 97.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of appendix D to part 75 of this chapter... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 97.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of appendix D to part 75 of this chapter... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 97.632 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or appendix D to part 75 of this chapter. (b) Audit decertification...

40 CFR 97.732 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or appendix D to part 75 of this chapter. (b) Audit decertification...

U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bartolino, James R.

1999-01-01

Approximately 40 percent (about 600,000 people) of the total population of New Mexico lives within the Middle Rio Grande Basin, which includes the City of Albuquerque. Ongoing analyses of the central portion of the Middle Rio Grande Basin by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque and other agencies have shown that ground water in the basin is not as readily accessible as earlier studies indicated. A more complete characterization of the ground-water resources of the entire Middle Rio Grande Basin is hampered by a scarcity of data in the northern and southern areas of the basin. The USGS Middle Rio Grande Basin study is a 5-year effort by the USGS and other agencies to improve the understanding of the hydrology, geology, and land-surface characteristics of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. The primary objective of this study is to improve the understanding of the water resources of the basin. Of particular interest is to determine the extent of hydrologic connection between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer. Additionally, ground-water quality affects the availability of water supplies in the basin. Improving the existing USGS-constructed ground-water flow model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin will integrate all the various tasks that improve our knowledge of the various components of the Middle Rio Grande water budget. Part of this improvement will be accompanied by extended knowledge of the aquifer system beyond the Albuquerque area into the northern and southern reaches of the basin. Other improvements will be based on understanding gained through process-oriented research and improved geologic characterization of the deposits. The USGS and cooperating agencies will study the hydrology, geology, and land-surface characteristics of the basin to provide the scientific information needed for water-resources management and for managers to plan for water supplies needed for a growing population. To facilitate exchange of information among the scientists working on the Middle Rio Grande Basin study, yearly technical meetings have been held for each of the first 3 years of the anticipated 5-year study. These meetings provide an opportunity to present research results and plan new field efforts. This report documents the results of research presented at the third annual technical workshop held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999. The report is organized into this introduction and five chapters that focus on Middle Rio Grande Basin study investigations in progress in the Middle Rio Grande Basin. The first chapter describes geographic data and analysis efforts in the basin. The second chapter details work being done on the hydrogeologic and geologic framework of the basin. The third chapter describes studies on ground-water recharge in the basin. The fourth chapter provides details on the research on the ground-water flow system in the basin, including modeling efforts. The fifth chapter is devoted to an overview of New Mexico District Cooperative Program studies in the basin. The information in this report presents preliminary results of an evolving study. As the study progresses and individual projects publish their results in more detail, the USGS hopes to expand the scientific basis needed for management decisions regarding the Middle Rio Grande Basin.

To See the Unseen: A History of Planetary Radar Astronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butrica, Andrew J.

1996-01-01

This book relates the history of planetary radar astronomy from its origins in radar to the present day and secondarily to bring to light that history as a case of 'Big Equipment but not Big Science'. Chapter One sketches the emergence of radar astronomy as an ongoing scientific activity at Jodrell Bank, where radar research revealed that meteors were part of the solar system. The chief Big Science driving early radar astronomy experiments was ionospheric research. Chapter Two links the Cold War and the Space Race to the first radar experiments attempted on planetary targets, while recounting the initial achievements of planetary radar, namely, the refinement of the astronomical unit and the rotational rate and direction of Venus. Chapter Three discusses early attempts to organize radar astronomy and the efforts at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory, in conjunction with Harvard radio astronomers, to acquire antenna time unfettered by military priorities. Here, the chief Big Science influencing the development of planetary radar astronomy was radio astronomy. Chapter Four spotlights the evolution of planetary radar astronomy at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a NASA facility, at Cornell University's Arecibo Observatory, and at Jodrell Bank. A congeries of funding from the military, the National Science Foundation, and finally NASA marked that evolution, which culminated in planetary radar astronomy finding a single Big Science patron, NASA. Chapter Five analyzes planetary radar astronomy as a science using the theoretical framework provided by philosopher of science Thomas Kuhn. Chapter Six explores the shift in planetary radar astronomy beginning in the 1970s that resulted from its financial and institutional relationship with NASA Big Science. Chapter Seven addresses the Magellan mission and its relation to the evolution of planetary radar astronomy from a ground-based to a space-based activity. Chapters Eight and Nine discuss the research carried out at ground-based facilities by this transformed planetary radar astronomy, as well as the upgrading of the Arecibo and Goldstone radars. A technical essay appended to this book provides an overview of planetary radar techniques, especially range-Doppler mapping.

Fire effects on flaked stone, ground stone, and other stone artifacts [Chapter 4

Treesearch

Krista Deal

2012-01-01

Lithic artifacts can be divided into two broad classes, flaked stone and ground stone, that overlap depending on the defining criteria. For this discussion, flaked stone is used to describe objects that cut, scrape, pierce, saw, hack, etch, drill, or perforate, and the debris (debitage) created when these items are manufactured. Objects made of flaked stone include...

The MiSPOT System: Personalized Publicity and Marketing over Interactive Digital TV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

López-Nores, Martín; Pazos-Arias, José Juan; Blanco-Fernández, Yolanda; García-Duque, Jorge; Tubío-Pardavila, Ricardo; Rey-López, Marta

The development of Interactive Digital TV bears a great potential for electronic commerce, which remains heavily underexploited to date. The early initiatives to harness these technologies rely on the advertising techniques traditionally employed by the television industry, which have proven deficiencies related to viewers' comfort, locality and targeting. Furthermore, out of dedicated channels, there are very few attempts to provide interactive commercial functionalities through the TV, for example to sell products or to hire services. This chapter presents an overview of a system called MiSPOT that introduces solutions to these problems in two levels: (i) to advertise items that match the preferences and needs of the viewers, without interfering with their enjoyment of the TV programs; and (ii) to assemble specialized interactive applications that provide them with tailor-made commercial functionalities. These solutions are grounded on techniques from the Semantic Web, and are valid for both domestic TV receivers and mobile ones.

Experimental design methodologies in the optimization of chiral CE or CEC separations: an overview.

PubMed

Dejaegher, Bieke; Mangelings, Debby; Vander Heyden, Yvan

2013-01-01

In this chapter, an overview of experimental designs to develop chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatographic (CEC) methods is presented. Method development is generally divided into technique selection, method optimization, and method validation. In the method optimization part, often two phases can be distinguished, i.e., a screening and an optimization phase. In method validation, the method is evaluated on its fit for purpose. A validation item, also applying experimental designs, is robustness testing. In the screening phase and in robustness testing, screening designs are applied. During the optimization phase, response surface designs are used. The different design types and their application steps are discussed in this chapter and illustrated by examples of chiral CE and CEC methods.

Summary of BISON Development and Validation Activities - NEAMS FY16 Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williamson, R. L.; Pastore, G.; Gamble, K. A.

This summary report contains an overview of work performed under the work package en- titled “FY2016 NEAMS INL-Engineering Scale Fuel Performance (BISON)” A first chapter identifies the specific FY-16 milestones, providing a basic description of the associated work and references to related detailed documentation. Where applicable, a representative technical result is provided. A second chapter summarizes major additional accomplishments, which in- clude: 1) publication of a journal article on solution verification and validation of BISON for LWR fuel, 2) publication of a journal article on 3D Missing Pellet Surface (MPS) analysis of BWR fuel, 3) use of BISON to designmore » a unique 3D MPS validation experiment for future in- stallation in the Halden research reactor, 4) participation in an OECD benchmark on Pellet Clad Mechanical Interaction (PCMI), 5) participation in an OECD benchmark on Reactivity Insertion Accident (RIA) analysis, 6) participation in an OECD activity on uncertainity quantification and sensitivity analysis in nuclear fuel modeling and 7) major improvements to BISON’s fission gas behavior models. A final chapter outlines FY-17 future work.« less

Chapter A5. Processing of Water Samples

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilde, Franceska D.; Radtke, Dean B.; Gibs, Jacob; Iwatsubo, Rick T.

1999-01-01

The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) describes protocols and provides guidelines for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. This chapter addresses methods to be used in processing water samples to be analyzed for inorganic and organic chemical substances, including the bottling of composite, pumped, and bailed samples and subsamples; sample filtration; solid-phase extraction for pesticide analyses; sample preservation; and sample handling and shipping. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.' The URL for this page is http:/ /water.usgs.gov/lookup/get?newpubs.

Validation of the maximum allowable amounts of recycled binder, RAP, and RAS using accelerated pavement testing - interim report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-01

This report summarizes the work conducted on Project 0-6682 up to August 31, 2013. The report is : organized in five chapters corresponding to separate tasks in the project work plan, as follows: : Chapter 1 presents the summary of the findings f...

40 CFR 97.532 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or appendix E to, part 75 of this chapter...

40 CFR 97.532 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or appendix E to, part 75 of this chapter...

40 CFR 97.532 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Whenever any monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or appendix E to, part 75 of this chapter...

SeaWiFS Postlaunch Calibration and Validation Analyses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); McClain, Charles R.; Ainsworth, Ewa J.; Barnes, Robert A.; Eplee, Robert E., Jr.; Patt, Frederick S.; Robinson, Wayne D.; Wang, Menghua; Bailey, Sean W.

2000-01-01

The effort to resolve data quality issues and improve on the initial data evaluation methodologies of the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project was an extensive one. These evaluations have resulted, to date, in three major reprocessings of the entire data set where each reprocessing addressed the data quality issues that could be identified up to the time of each reprocessing. The number of chapters (21) needed to document this extensive work in the SeaWiFS Postlaunch Technical Report Series requires three volumes. The chapters in Volumes 9, 10, and 11 are in a logical order sequencing through sensor calibration, atmospheric correction, masks and flags, product evaluations, and bio-optical algorithms. The first chapter of Volume 9 is an overview of the calibration and validation program, including a table of activities from the inception of the SeaWiFS Project. Chapter 2 describes the fine adjustments of sensor detector knee radiances, i.e., radiance levels where three of the four detectors in each SeaWiFS band saturate. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the analyses of the lunar and solar calibration time series, respectively, which are used to track the temporal changes in radiometric sensitivity in each band. Chapter 5 outlines the procedure used to adjust band 7 relative to band 8 to derive reasonable aerosol radiances in band 7 as compared to those in band 8 in the vicinity of Lanai, Hawaii, the vicarious calibration site. Chapter 6 presents the procedure used to estimate the vicarious calibration gain adjustment factors for bands 1-6 using the waterleaving radiances from the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) offshore of Lanai. Chapter 7 provides the adjustments to the coccolithophore flag algorithm which were required for improved performance over the prelaunch version. Chapter 8 is an overview of the numerous modifications to the atmospheric correction algorithm that have been implemented. Chapter 9 describes the methodology used to remove artifacts of sun glint contamination for portions of the imagery outside the sun glint mask. Finally, Chapter 10 explains a modification to the ozone interpolation method to account for actual time differences between the SeaWiFS and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) orbits.

Validating Pseudo-dynamic Source Models against Observed Ground Motion Data at the SCEC Broadband Platform, Ver 16.5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, S. G.

2016-12-01

Simulation-based ground motion prediction approaches have several benefits over empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). For instance, full 3-component waveforms can be produced and site-specific hazard analysis is also possible. However, it is important to validate them against observed ground motion data to confirm their efficiency and validity before practical uses. There have been community efforts for these purposes, which are supported by the Broadband Platform (BBP) project at the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). In the simulation-based ground motion prediction approaches, it is a critical element to prepare a possible range of scenario rupture models. I developed a pseudo-dynamic source model for Mw 6.5-7.0 by analyzing a number of dynamic rupture models, based on 1-point and 2-point statistics of earthquake source parameters (Song et al. 2014; Song 2016). In this study, the developed pseudo-dynamic source models were tested against observed ground motion data at the SCEC BBP, Ver 16.5. The validation was performed at two stages. At the first stage, simulated ground motions were validated against observed ground motion data for past events such as the 1992 Landers and 1994 Northridge, California, earthquakes. At the second stage, they were validated against the latest version of empirical GMPEs, i.e., NGA-West2. The validation results show that the simulated ground motions produce ground motion intensities compatible with observed ground motion data at both stages. The compatibility of the pseudo-dynamic source models with the omega-square spectral decay and the standard deviation of the simulated ground motion intensities are also discussed in the study

Friendly Neighborhood Computer Project. Extension of the IBM NJE network to DEC VAX computers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Raffenetti, R.C.; Bertoncini, P.J.; Engert, D.E.

1984-07-01

This manual is divided into six chapters. The first is an overview of the VAX NJE emulator system and describes what can be done with the VAX NJE emulator software. The second chapter describes the commands that users of the VAX systems will use. Each command description includes the format of the command, a list of valid options and parameters and their meanings, and several short examples of command use. The third chapter describes the commands and capabilities for sending general, sequential files from and to VAX VMS nodes. The fourth chapter describes how to transmit data to a VAXmore » from other computer systems on the network. The fifth chapter explains how to exchange electronic mail with IBM CMS users and with users of other VAX VMS systems connected by NJE communications. The sixth chapter describes operator procedures and the additional commands operators may use.« less

Validation of the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire.

PubMed

Morley, David; Dummett, Sarah; Kelly, Laura; Dawson, Jill; Fitzpatrick, Ray; Jenkinson, Crispin

2016-01-01

There is growing interest in the management of long-term conditions and in keeping people active and participating in the community. Testing the effectiveness of interventions that aim to affect activities and participation can be challenging without a well-developed, valid, and reliable instrument. This study therefore aims to develop a patient-reported outcome measure, the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire (Ox-PAQ), which is theoretically grounded in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and fully compliant with current best practice guidelines. Questionnaire items generated from patient interviews and based on the nine chapters of the ICF were administered by postal survey to 386 people with three neurological conditions: motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Participants also completed the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and EQ-5D-5L. Thus, 334 participants completed the survey, a response rate of 86.5%. Factor analysis techniques identified three Ox-PAQ domains, consisting of 23 items, accounting for 72.8% of variance. Internal reliability for the three domains was high (Cronbach's α: 0.81-0.96), as was test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation: 0.83-0.92). Concurrent validity was demonstrated through highly significant relationships with relevant domains of the MOS SF-36 and the EQ- 5D-5L. Assessment of known-groups validity identified significant differences in Ox-PAQ scores among the three conditions included in the survey. Results suggest that the Ox-PAQ is a valid and reliable measure of participation and activity. The measure will now be validated in a range of further conditions, and additional properties, such as responsiveness, will also be assessed in the next phase of the instrument's development.

Validation of the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire

PubMed Central

Morley, David; Dummett, Sarah; Kelly, Laura; Dawson, Jill; Fitzpatrick, Ray; Jenkinson, Crispin

2016-01-01

Purpose There is growing interest in the management of long-term conditions and in keeping people active and participating in the community. Testing the effectiveness of interventions that aim to affect activities and participation can be challenging without a well-developed, valid, and reliable instrument. This study therefore aims to develop a patient-reported outcome measure, the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire (Ox-PAQ), which is theoretically grounded in the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and fully compliant with current best practice guidelines. Methods Questionnaire items generated from patient interviews and based on the nine chapters of the ICF were administered by postal survey to 386 people with three neurological conditions: motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. Participants also completed the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and EQ-5D-5L. Results Thus, 334 participants completed the survey, a response rate of 86.5%. Factor analysis techniques identified three Ox-PAQ domains, consisting of 23 items, accounting for 72.8% of variance. Internal reliability for the three domains was high (Cronbach’s α: 0.81–0.96), as was test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation: 0.83–0.92). Concurrent validity was demonstrated through highly significant relationships with relevant domains of the MOS SF-36 and the EQ- 5D-5L. Assessment of known-groups validity identified significant differences in Ox-PAQ scores among the three conditions included in the survey. Conclusion Results suggest that the Ox-PAQ is a valid and reliable measure of participation and activity. The measure will now be validated in a range of further conditions, and additional properties, such as responsiveness, will also be assessed in the next phase of the instrument’s development. PMID:27366108

Aerothermodynamics of Blunt Body Entry Vehicles. Chapter 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hollis, Brian R.; Borrelli, Salvatore

2011-01-01

In this chapter, the aerothermodynamic phenomena of blunt body entry vehicles are discussed. Four topics will be considered that present challenges to current computational modeling techniques for blunt body environments: turbulent flow, non-equilibrium flow, rarefied flow, and radiation transport. Examples of comparisons between computational tools to ground and flight-test data will be presented in order to illustrate the challenges existing in the numerical modeling of each of these phenomena and to provide test cases for evaluation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code predictions.

Recommended Research on Artificial Gravity. Chapter 13

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vernikos, Joan; Paloski, William; Fuller, Charles; Clement, Gilles

2006-01-01

Based on the summaries presented in the above sections of what is still to be learned on the effects of artificial gravity on human functions, this chapter will discuss the short- and long-term steps of research required to understand fundamentals and to validate operational aspects of using artificial gravity as an effective countermeasure for long-duration space travel.

SERENITY in Air Traffic Management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Felici, Massimo; Meduri, Valentino; Tedeschi, Alessandra; Riccucci, Carlo

This chapter is concerned with the validation of an implementation of the SERENITY Runtime Framework (SRF) tailored for the Air Traffic Management (ATM) domain. It reports our experience in the design and validation phases of a tool, which relies on the SRF in order to support Security and Dependability (S&D) Patterns into work practices. In particular, this chapter pinpoints the activities concerning the identification of S&D Patterns, the design of an ATM prototype and its validation. The validation activities involve qualitative as well as quantitative approaches. These activities as a whole highlight the validation process for adopting S&D Patterns within the ATM domain. Moreover, they stress how S&D Patters enhance and relate to critical features within an industry domain. The empirical results point out that S&D Patterns relate to work practices. Furthermore, they highlight design and validation activities in order to tailor systems relying on S&D Patterns to specific application domains. This strengths and supports the adoption of S&D Patterns in order to address AmI (Ambient Intelligence) requirements (e.g., awareness, proactiveness, resilience, etc.) within the ATM domain.

Validation of Metrics as Error Predictors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendling, Jan

In this chapter, we test the validity of metrics that were defined in the previous chapter for predicting errors in EPC business process models. In Section 5.1, we provide an overview of how the analysis data is generated. Section 5.2 describes the sample of EPCs from practice that we use for the analysis. Here we discuss a disaggregation by the EPC model group and by error as well as a correlation analysis between metrics and error. Based on this sample, we calculate a logistic regression model for predicting error probability with the metrics as input variables in Section 5.3. In Section 5.4, we then test the regression function for an independent sample of EPC models from textbooks as a cross-validation. Section 5.5 summarizes the findings.

Chapter A7. Biological Indicators

USGS Publications Warehouse

Myers, Donna N.; Wilde, Franceska D.

2003-01-01

The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) provides guidelines and standard procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. This chapter of the manual includes procedures for the (1) determination of biochemical oxygen demand using a 5-day bioassay test; (2) collection, identification, and enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria; (3) collection of samples and information on two laboratory methods for fecal indicator viruses (coliphages); and (4) collection of samples for protozoan pathogens. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters are posted on the World Wide Web on the USGS page 'National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data.' The URL for this page is http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A/ (accessed November 25, 2003).

Efficient and automatic wireless geohazard monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rubin, Marc J.

In this dissertation, we present our research contributions geared towards creating an automated and efficient wireless sensor network (WSN) for geohazard monitoring. Specifically, this dissertation addresses three overall technical research problems inherent in implementing and deploying such a WSN, i.e., 1) automated event detection from geophysical data, 2) efficient wireless transmission, and 3) low-cost wireless hardware. In addition, after presenting algorithms, experimentation, and results from these three overall problems, we take a step back and discuss how, when, and why such scientific work matters in a geohazardous risk scenario. First, in Chapter 2, we discuss automated geohazard event detection within geophysical data. In particular, we present our pattern recognition workflow that can automatically detect snow avalanche events in seismic (geophone sensor) data. This workflow includes customized signal preprocessing for feature extraction, cluster-based stratified sub-sampling for majority class reduction, and experimentation with 12 different machine learning algorithms; results show that a decision stump classifier achieved 99.8% accuracy, 88.8% recall, and 13.2% precision in detecting avalanches within seismic data collected in the mountains above Davos, Switzerland, an improvement on previous work in the field. To address the second overall research problem (i.e., efficient wireless transmission), we present and evaluate our on-mote compressive sampling algorithm called Randomized Timing Vector (RTV) in Chapter 3 and compare our approach to four other on-mote, lossy compression algorithms in Chapter 4. Results from our work show that our RTV algorithm outperforms current on-mote compressive sampling algorithms and performs comparably to (and in many cases better than) the four state-of-the-art, on-mote lossy compression techniques. The main benefit of RTV is that it can guarantee a desired level of compression performance (and thus, radio usage and power consumption) without subjugating recovered signal quality. Another benefit of RTV is its simplicity and low computational overhead; by sampling directly in compressed form, RTV vastly decreases the amount of memory space and computation time required for on-mote compression. Third, in Chapter 5, we present and evaluate our custom, low-cost, Arduino-based wireless hardware (i.e., GeoMoteShield) developed for wireless seismic data acquisition. In particular, we first provide details regarding the motivation, design, and implementation of our custom GeoMoteShield and then compare our custom hardware against two much more expensive systems, i.e., a traditional wired seismograph and a "from-the-ground-up" wireless mote developed by SmartGeo colleagues. We validate our custom WSN of nine GeoMoteShields using controlled lab tests and then further evaluate the WSN's performance during two seismic field tests, i.e., a "walk-away" test and a seismic refraction survey. Results show that our low-cost, Arduino-based GeoMoteShield performs comparably to a much more expensive wired system and a "from the ground up" wireless mote in terms of signal precision, accuracy, and time synchronization. Finally, in Chapter 6, we provide a broad literature review and discussion of how, when, and why scientific work matters in geohazardous risk scenarios. This work is geared towards scientists conducting research within fields involving geohazard risk assessment and mitigation. In particular, this chapter reviews three topics from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Policy (STEP): 1) risk, scientific uncertainty, and policy, 2) society's perceptions of risk, and 3) the effectiveness of risk communication. Though this chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive STEP literature survey, it addresses many pertinent questions and provides guidance to scientists and engineers operating in such fields. In short, this chapter aims to answer three main questions, i.e., 1) "when does scientific work influence policy decisions?", 2) "how does scientific work impact people's perception of risk?", and 3) "how is technical scientific work communicated to the non-scientific community?".

Acoustic Scattering by Near-Surface Inhomogeneities in Porous Media

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-02-21

surfaces [8]. Recently, this empirical model has been replaced by a more rigorous mi- crostructural model [9]. Here, the acoustical characteristics of...boundaries. A discussion of how ground acoustic characteristics are modelled then follows, with the chapter being concluded by a brief summary. 3.1...of ground acoustic char- acteristics, with particular emphasis on the Four parameter model of Atten- borough, that will be used extensively later. 48

Proclamation No. R. 151, Natal Code of Zulu Law, 3 September 1987.

PubMed

1988-01-01

This document contains major provisions of the 1987 South African Proclamation amending the Natal Code of Zulu Law. Chapter 4 of these provisions covers personal status, property rights, the age of majority, and houses or families of which children become members. Chapter 5 deals with family heads in general, the earnings of minor children, the ownership and control of family property, the control of family members, and the responsibilities and privileges of family heads. The seventh chapter regulates customary marriages in general, the investigation of complaints about unreasonable withholding of consent on the part of a father or guardian, reporting of the arranged marriage date and payment of fees, the appointment and duties of official witnesses, the payment of "lobolo," the registration of customary marriages, issuance of the certificate of customary marriage, grounds for divorce, grounds for a declaration of nullity, duties of the party seeking the divorce, return of lobolo, child custody, and "ukungena" unions. The provisions of the eight chapter include the date of payment and delivery of lobolo and death of the lobolo cattle, the women who may receive lobolo, the constitution of lobolo, the amount of lobolo paid for women of varying social ranks, claims relative to lobolo payments, and the claiming of a ngquthu beast. Chapter 9 details the family system in terms of the establishment of senior or affiliated houses, the status of the first wife, the status of wives taken by a commoner subsequent to the first wife, a formal declaration of intention to divide a family home into sections, the declaration of the status of a second and subsequent wives, the declaration of the status of a third wife as a qade wife, junior houses affiliated with senior houses, the status of wives of the hereditary chief, the circumstances when members may leave a family home, and the property of a girl entering a customary marriage. The tenth chapter contains the laws of inheritance and succession, including testate and intestate inheritance of certain property, the rule of primogeniture, and cases of customary marriage. Chapter 12 defines actionable wrongs, which include damage to the reputation of an unmarried girl, the seduction of an unmarried female, adultery, and the abduction of a wife, child, or ward. Finally, Chapter 13 decrees that Black females are not to be considered chattels or property.

Hydrogeology and hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mesko, Thomas O.; Swain, Lindsay A.; Hollyday, E.F.

2000-01-01

Severe and prolonged droughts between 1961 and 1988, combined with increased demands for freshwater supplies in the United States, have resulted in a critical need to assess the potential for development of ground- and surface-water supplies. Rapid industrial growth and urban expansion have caused existing freshwater supplies to be used at or near maximum capacity. Begun in 1978, the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a systematic effort to study a number of the Nation's most important aquifer systems, which, in aggregate, underlie much of the country and represent an important component of the Nation's total water supply. The broad objective for each of the 28 studies in the program is to assemble geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information, to analyze and develop an understanding of the system, and to develop predictive capabilities that will contribute to the effective management of the system.In 1988, as part of the RASA Program, the USGS began a 6-year study of the ground-water resources of parts of 11 States in the Eastern United States (Swain and others, 1991). The study was designated the Appalachian Valley and Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (APRASA). The APRASA team investigated ground-water resources primarily in the unglaciated part of the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, the New England, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces (fig. 1). For the purposes of this report, the small area in the New England Physiographic Province that is within the study area in New Jersey and Pennsylvania was considered part of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The results of the APRASA are contained in about 50 reports and abstracts, including reports on simulation of ground-water flow in three type areas, this atlas, and chapters in Professional Paper 1422. These chapters include the summary (Chapter A), descriptions of recharge rates and surface- and ground-water relations (Chapter B), hydrogeologic terranes in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province (Chapter C), and ground-water geochemistry (Chapter D).The purposes of this atlas are to summarize the hydrogeology, to describe an analysis of maps and well records, and to present a classification and map of the hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces within the APRASA study area. Hydrogeologic terranes are defined for this atlas as regionally mappable areas characterized by similar water-yielding properties of a grouping of selected rock types. The hydrogeologic terranes represent areas of distinct hydrologic character. The terranes are intended to help water users locate and develop adequate water supplies and to help hydrologists interpret the regional hydrogeology.Previous investigations provide maps and descriptions of the geologic units, describe the local quantity and quality of ground water within these units, and establish the statistical methods for comparing the water-yielding properties of these units. State geologic maps show the distribution of geologic units at a scale of 1:500,000 for Alabama (Osborne and others, 1989), Georgia (Lawton and others, 1976), North Carolina (Brown and Parker, 1985), and Virginia (Calver and Hobbs, 1963). State maps show geologic units at a scale of 1:250,000 for Maryland (Cleaves and others, 1968), New Jersey (Lewis and Kummel, 1912), Pennsylvania (Berg and others, 1980), South Carolina (Overstreet and Bell, 1965), Tennessee (Hardeman, 1966), and West Virginia (Cardwell and others, 1968). Quadrangle geologic maps show geologic units at a scale of 1:24,000 for parts of Delaware within the APRASA area (Woodruff and Thompson, 1972, 1975). Many reports have been published describing the groundwater resources of a county, parts of a county, multi-county areas, or river basins.The statistical methods used in this atlas are based largely on those used by Helsel and Hirsch (1992) and by Knopman (1990, p. 7-9). In her analysis of well records in the USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory (GWSI) data base, Knopman (1990) ranked factors that must be taken into account when assessing the water-yielding potential of the rocks in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in Pennsylvania. Readers are referred to Helsel and Hirsch (1992) and Knopman (1990) for details regarding statistical methods.

Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the bedrock aquifers along the western margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robson, Stanley G.; Van Slyke, George D.; Graham, Glenn

1998-01-01

Severe and prolonged droughts between 1961 and 1988, combined with increased demands for freshwater supplies in the United States, have resulted in a critical need to assess the potential for development of ground- and surface-water supplies. Rapid industrial growth and urban expansion have caused existing freshwater supplies to be used at or near maximum capacity. Begun in 1978, the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a systematic effort to study a number of the Nation's most important aquifer systems, which, in aggregate, underlie much of the country and represent an important component of the Nation's total water supply. The broad objective for each of the 28 studies in the program is to assemble geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information, to analyze and develop an understanding of the system, and to develop predictive capabilities that will contribute to the effective management of the system.In 1988, as part of the RASA Program, the USGS began a 6-year study of the ground-water resources of parts of 11 States in the Eastern United States (Swain and others, 1991). The study was designated the Appalachian Valley and Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (APRASA). The APRASA team investigated ground-water resources primarily in the unglaciated part of the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, the New England, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces (fig. 1). For the purposes of this report, the small area in the New England Physiographic Province that is within the study area in New Jersey and Pennsylvania was considered part of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The results of the APRASA are contained in about 50 reports and abstracts, including reports on simulation of ground-water flow in three type areas, this atlas, and chapters in Professional Paper 1422. These chapters include the summary (Chapter A), descriptions of recharge rates and surface- and ground-water relations (Chapter B), hydrogeologic terranes in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province (Chapter C), and ground-water geochemistry (Chapter D).The purposes of this atlas are to summarize the hydrogeology, to describe an analysis of maps and well records, and to present a classification and map of the hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces within the APRASA study area. Hydrogeologic terranes are defined for this atlas as regionally mappable areas characterized by similar water-yielding properties of a grouping of selected rock types. The hydrogeologic terranes represent areas of distinct hydrologic character. The terranes are intended to help water users locate and develop adequate water supplies and to help hydrologists interpret the regional hydrogeology.Previous investigations provide maps and descriptions of the geologic units, describe the local quantity and quality of ground water within these units, and establish the statistical methods for comparing the water-yielding propertics of these units. State geologic maps show the distribution of geologic units at a scale of 1:500,000 for Alabama (Osborne and others, 1989), Georgia (Lawton and others, 1976), North Carolina (Brown and Parker, 1985), and Virginia (Calver and Hobbs, 1963). State maps show geologic units at a scale of 1:250,000 for Maryland (Cleaves and others, 1968), New Jersey (Lewis and Kummel, 1912), Pennsylvania (Berg and others, 1980), South Carolina (Overstreet and Bell, 1965), Tennessee (Hardeman, 1966), and West Virginia (Cardwell and others, 1968). Quadrangle geologic maps show geologic units at a scale of 1:24,000 for parts of Delaware within the APRASA area (Woodruff and Thompson, 1972, 1975). Many reports have been published describing the groundwater resources of a county, parts of a county, multi-county areas, or river basins.The statistical methods used in this atlas are based largely on those used by Helsel and Hirsch (1992) and by Knopman (1990, p. 7-9). In her analysis of well records in the USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory (GWSI) data base, Knopman (1990) ranked factors that must be taken into account when assessing the water-yielding potential of the rocks in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in Pennsylvania. Readers are referred to Helsel and Hirsch (1992) and Knopman (1990) for details regarding statistical methods.

Validation of simulated earthquake ground motions based on evolution of intensity and frequency content

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rezaeian, Sanaz; Zhong, Peng; Hartzell, Stephen; Zareian, Farzin

2015-01-01

Simulated earthquake ground motions can be used in many recent engineering applications that require time series as input excitations. However, applicability and validation of simulations are subjects of debate in the seismological and engineering communities. We propose a validation methodology at the waveform level and directly based on characteristics that are expected to influence most structural and geotechnical response parameters. In particular, three time-dependent validation metrics are used to evaluate the evolving intensity, frequency, and bandwidth of a waveform. These validation metrics capture nonstationarities in intensity and frequency content of waveforms, making them ideal to address nonlinear response of structural systems. A two-component error vector is proposed to quantify the average and shape differences between these validation metrics for a simulated and recorded ground-motion pair. Because these metrics are directly related to the waveform characteristics, they provide easily interpretable feedback to seismologists for modifying their ground-motion simulation models. To further simplify the use and interpretation of these metrics for engineers, it is shown how six scalar key parameters, including duration, intensity, and predominant frequency, can be extracted from the validation metrics. The proposed validation methodology is a step forward in paving the road for utilization of simulated ground motions in engineering practice and is demonstrated using examples of recorded and simulated ground motions from the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake.

Executive Coaching Practices in the Adult Workplace

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campone, Francine

2015-01-01

This chapter provides an overview of key principles and practices in executive coaching. Coaching is discussed as a reflective learning opportunity and offers the theoretical grounding, strategies, and case studies for each of four key elements of a coaching engagement.

Program Planning in Health Professions Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Steven W.; Lawson, Luan

2018-01-01

In this chapter, the major concepts from program planning in adult education will be applied to health professions education (HPE). Curriculum planning and program planning will be differentiated, and program development and planning will be grounded in a systems thinking approach.

Quantification of Energy Release in Composite Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Minnetyan, Levon

2003-01-01

Energy release rate is usually suggested as a quantifier for assessing structural damage tolerance. Computational prediction of energy release rate is based on composite mechanics with micro-stress level damage assessment, finite element structural analysis and damage progression tracking modules. This report examines several issues associated with energy release rates in composite structures as follows: Chapter I demonstrates computational simulation of an adhesively bonded composite joint and validates the computed energy release rates by comparison with acoustic emission signals in the overall sense. Chapter II investigates the effect of crack plane orientation with respect to fiber direction on the energy release rates. Chapter III quantifies the effects of contiguous constraint plies on the residual stiffness of a 90 ply subjected to transverse tensile fractures. Chapter IV compares ICAN and ICAN/JAVA solutions of composites. Chapter V examines the effects of composite structural geometry and boundary conditions on damage progression characteristics.

Quantification of Energy Release in Composite Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Minnetyan, Levon; Chamis, Christos C. (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

Energy release rate is usually suggested as a quantifier for assessing structural damage tolerance. Computational prediction of energy release rate is based on composite mechanics with micro-stress level damage assessment, finite element structural analysis and damage progression tracking modules. This report examines several issues associated with energy release rates in composite structures as follows: Chapter I demonstrates computational simulation of an adhesively bonded composite joint and validates the computed energy release rates by comparison with acoustic emission signals in the overall sense. Chapter II investigates the effect of crack plane orientation with respect to fiber direction on the energy release rates. Chapter III quantifies the effects of contiguous constraint plies on the residual stiffness of a 90 deg ply subjected to transverse tensile fractures. Chapter IV compares ICAN and ICAN/JAVA solutions of composites. Chapter V examines the effects of composite structural geometry and boundary conditions on damage progression characteristics.

Physical Test Validation for Job Selection. Chapter 5

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-09-21

Borgs perceived exertion andlpain scaling method. Champaign: Human Kinetics . 17. Brooks, G., & Fahey, T (1984). Exercise physiology: Human bioenergetics...Eds.), Measurement concepts in physical education and exercise science. Champaign: Human Kinetics . 44. Jackson, A. S., Blair, S. N., Mahar, M. T...Chapter 5: Physical Test Evaluation for Job Selection 94. Wilmore, J. H., & Costill, D. L. (1994). Physiology of sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human

Analytical Design of Evolvable Software for High-Assurance Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-02-14

Mathematical expression for the Total Sum of Squares which measures the variability that results when all values are treated as a combined sample coming from...primarily interested in background on software design and high-assurance computing, research in software architecture generation or evaluation...respectively. Those readers solely interested in the validation of a software design approach should at the minimum read Chapter 6 followed by Chapter

Development and Validation of Career Development Guidelines by Task/Activity Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Professions: Industrial Hygiene and Safety Professional. Final Report. Technical Report XII.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vernon, Ralph J.; And Others

This report summarizes research findings which resulted in development of curricula for occupational safety and health professions based on task/activity analyses and related performance objectives. The first seven chapters focus on the seven objectives. Chapter 1, Literature Review and Selection of Employers, concerns tasks required for…

2011 Congressional Report on Defense Business Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-30

of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1 . REPORT DATE 30 APR 2011 2 . REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00...amended CongressionalReport 1 DefenseBusinessOperations 2 CongressionalReport Chapter 2 : Process Improvements Chapter 2 highlights enterprise...systems are developed through the construct of the Department’s five core business areas: 1 . Human Resources Management (HRM) 2 . Weapons Systems

42 CFR 476.84 - Changes as a result of DRG validation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Changes as a result of DRG validation. 476.84... § 476.84 Changes as a result of DRG validation. A provider or practitioner may obtain a review by a QIO under part 473 of this chapter for changes in diagnostic and procedural coding that resulted in a change...

42 CFR 476.84 - Changes as a result of DRG validation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Changes as a result of DRG validation. 476.84... § 476.84 Changes as a result of DRG validation. A provider or practitioner may obtain a review by a QIO under part 473 of this chapter for changes in diagnostic and procedural coding that resulted in a change...

42 CFR 476.84 - Changes as a result of DRG validation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Changes as a result of DRG validation. 476.84... § 476.84 Changes as a result of DRG validation. A provider or practitioner may obtain a review by a QIO under part 473 of this chapter for changes in diagnostic and procedural coding that resulted in a change...

42 CFR 476.84 - Changes as a result of DRG validation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Changes as a result of DRG validation. 476.84... § 476.84 Changes as a result of DRG validation. A provider or practitioner may obtain a review by a QIO under part 473 of this chapter for changes in diagnostic and procedural coding that resulted in a change...

Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hult, Marc F.

1987-01-01

Predictions of the evolution and ultimate geometry of contaminant plumes resulting from spills require quantitative descriptions of the rate of mass transfer from the organic fluid to ground water. Pfannkuch presents laboratory and field work that describe how the the rate of oil dissolution, and therefore the strength of the contaminant source, is controlled by fluctuations in ground-water velocity and water-table fluctuations.

Preparations for Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)Ground Validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bidwell, S. W.; Bibyk, I. K.; Duming, J. F.; Everett, D. F.; Smith, E. A.; Wolff, D. B.

2004-01-01

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) program is an international partnership led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). GPM will improve climate, weather, and hydro-meterorological forecasts through more frequent and more accurate measurement of precipitation across the globe. This paper describes the concept and the preparations for Ground Validation within the GPM program. Ground Validation (GV) plays a critical role in the program by investigating and quantitatively assessing the errors within the satellite retrievals. These quantitative estimates of retrieval errors will assist the scientific community by bounding the errors within their research products. The two fundamental requirements of the GPM Ground Validation program are: (1) error characterization of the precipitation retrievals and (2) continual improvement of the satellite retrieval algorithms. These two driving requirements determine the measurements, instrumentation, and location for ground observations. This paper describes GV plans for estimating the systematic and random components of retrieval error and for characterizing the spatial and temporal structure of the error. This paper describes the GPM program for algorithm improvement in which error models are developed and experimentally explored to uncover the physical causes of errors within the retrievals. GPM will ensure that information gained through Ground Validation is applied to future improvements in the spaceborne retrieval algorithms. This paper discusses the potential locations for validation measurement and research, the anticipated contributions of GPM's international partners, and the interaction of Ground Validation with other GPM program elements.

VALUE: Valid Assessment of Learning in Undergraduate Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhodes, Terrel L.

2008-01-01

This chapter discusses the Association of American Colleges and Universities' (AAC&U's) Valid Assessment of Learning in Undergraduate Education (VALUE) project, which aims to demonstrate that faculty across the country share fundamental expectations about student learning on all of the essential learning outcomes deemed critical for student…

Japanese Patterns of Behavior.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lebra, Takie Sugiyama

This book attempts to shed light on the seemingly contradictory aspects of Japanese behavior. Separate chapters, grounded in interaction-oriented social scientific theory, focus on the themes of social relativism, belongingness, empathy, dependency, occupying the proper place, reciprocity, situational interaction, early socialization, selfhood,…

Evaluation of depleted uranium in the environment at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland and Yuma Proving Grounds, Arizona. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kennedy, P.L.; Clements, W.H.; Myers, O.B.

1995-01-01

This report represents an evaluation of depleted uranium (DU) introduced into the environment at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds (APG), Maryland and Yuma Proving Grounds (YPG) Arizona. This was a cooperative project between the Environmental Sciences and Statistical Analyses Groups at LANL and with the Department of Fishery and Wildlife Biology at Colorado State University. The project represents a unique approach to assessing the environmental impact of DU in two dissimilar ecosystems. Ecological exposure models were created for each ecosystem and sensitivity/uncertainty analyses were conducted to identify exposure pathways which were most influential in the fate and transport of DU inmore » the environment. Research included field sampling, field exposure experiment, and laboratory experiments. The first section addresses DU at the APG site. Chapter topics include bioenergetics-based food web model; field exposure experiments; bioconcentration by phytoplankton and the toxicity of U to zooplankton; physical processes governing the desorption of uranium from sediment to water; transfer of uranium from sediment to benthic invertebrates; spead of adsorpion by benthic invertebrates; uptake of uranium by fish. The final section of the report addresses DU at the YPG site. Chapters include the following information: Du transport processes and pathway model; field studies of performance of exposure model; uptake and elimination rates for kangaroo rates; chemical toxicity in kangaroo rat kidneys.« less

Maple

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nicolaides, Roy A.; Walkington, Noel J.

1996-06-01

A knowledge of one or more high level symbolic mathematics programs is rapidly becoming a necessity for mathematics users from all fields of science. The aim of this book is to provide a solid grounding in Maple, one of the best known of these programs. The authors combine efficiency and economy of exposition with a complete coverage of Maple. The book has twelve chapters, of which eight are completely accessible to anyone who has completed calculus and linear sequences as taught in American universities. These chapters cover the great majority of Maple's capabilities. There are also three chapters on Maple programming that can be read without prior programming experience, although knowledge of a high level programming language (Basic, Fortran, C etc.) will help. There is also a chapter on some relevant aspects of algebra. Above all, the book allows the reader to extract value from Maple without wasting time and effort in the learning process. It is the fastest track to expertise for Maple users in mathematics and computer science.

On the use of higher order wave forms in the search for gravitational waves emitted by compact binary coalescences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McKechan, David J. A.

2010-11-01

This thesis concerns the use, in gravitational wave data analysis, of higher order wave form models of the gravitational radiation emitted by compact binary coalescences. We begin with an introductory chapter that includes an overview of the theory of general relativity, gravitational radiation and ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors. We then discuss, in Chapter 2, the gravitational waves emitted by compact binary coalescences, with an explanation of higher order waveforms and how they differ from leading order waveforms we also introduce the post-Newtonian formalism. In Chapter 3 the method and results of a gravitational wave search for low mass compact binary coalescences using a subset of LIGO's 5th science run data are presented and in the subsequent chapter we examine how one could use higher order waveforms in such analyses. We follow the development of a new search algorithm that incorporates higher order waveforms with promising results for detection efficiency and parameter estimation. In Chapter 5, a new method of windowing time-domain waveforms that offers benefit to gravitational wave searches is presented. The final chapter covers the development of a game designed as an outreach project to raise public awareness and understanding of the search for gravitational waves.

Improvements on mapping soil liquefaction at a regional scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Jing

Earthquake induced soil liquefaction is an important secondary hazard during earthquakes and can lead to significant damage to infrastructure. Mapping liquefaction hazard is important in both planning for earthquake events and guiding relief efforts by positioning resources once the events have occurred. This dissertation addresses two aspects of liquefaction hazard mapping at a regional scale including 1) predictive liquefaction hazard mapping and 2) post-liquefaction cataloging. First, current predictive hazard liquefaction mapping relies on detailed geologic maps and geotechnical data, which are not always available in at-risk regions. This dissertation improves the predictive liquefaction hazard mapping by the development and validation of geospatial liquefaction models (Chapter 2 and 3) that predict liquefaction extent and are appropriate for global application. The geospatial liquefaction models are developed using logistic regression from a liquefaction database consisting of the data from 27 earthquake events from six countries. The model that performs best over the entire dataset includes peak ground velocity (PGV), VS30, distance to river, distance to coast, and precipitation. The model that performs best over the noncoastal dataset includes PGV, VS30, water table depth, distance to water body, and precipitation. Second, post-earthquake liquefaction cataloging historically relies on field investigation that is often limited by time and expense, and therefore results in limited and incomplete liquefaction inventories. This dissertation improves the post-earthquake cataloging by the development and validation of a remote sensing-based method that can be quickly applied over a broad region after an earthquake and provide a detailed map of liquefaction surface effects (Chapter 4). Our method uses the optical satellite images before and after an earthquake event from the WorldView-2 satellite with 2 m spatial resolution and eight spectral bands. Our method uses the changes of spectral variables that are sensitive to surface moisture and soil characteristics paired with a supervised classification.

Chapter 17: Residential Behavior Evaluation Protocol. The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kurnik, Charles W.; Stewart, James; Todd, Annika

Residential behavior-based (BB) programs use strategies grounded in the behavioral and social sciences to influence household energy use. These may include providing households with real-time or delayed feedback about their energy use; supplying energy efficiency education and tips; rewarding households for reducing their energy use; comparing households to their peers; and establishing games, tournaments, and competitions. BB programs often target multiple energy end uses and encourage energy savings, demand savings, or both. Savings from BB programs are usually a small percentage of energy use, typically less than 5 percent. Utilities will continue to implement residential BB programs as large-scale, randomizedmore » control trials (RCTs); however, some are now experimenting with alternative program designs that are smaller scale; involve new communication channels such as the web, social media, and text messaging; or that employ novel strategies for encouraging behavior change (for example, Facebook competitions). These programs will create new evaluation challenges and may require different evaluation methods than those currently employed to verify any savings they generate. Quasi-experimental methods, however, require stronger assumptions to yield valid savings estimates and may not measure savings with the same degree of validity and accuracy as randomized experiments.« less

5 CFR 838.1121 - Procedures and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) COURT ORDERS AFFECTING RETIREMENT BENEFITS Court Orders Under the Child Abuse... 581 of this chapter that appears valid on its face. (2)(i) After OPM has determined that a child abuse... validity of the legal process. (ii) OPM will not delay compliance with a child abuse judgment enforcement...

5 CFR 838.1121 - Procedures and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) COURT ORDERS AFFECTING RETIREMENT BENEFITS Court Orders Under the Child Abuse... 581 of this chapter that appears valid on its face. (2)(i) After OPM has determined that a child abuse... validity of the legal process. (ii) OPM will not delay compliance with a child abuse judgment enforcement...

5 CFR 838.1121 - Procedures and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) COURT ORDERS AFFECTING RETIREMENT BENEFITS Court Orders Under the Child Abuse... 581 of this chapter that appears valid on its face. (2)(i) After OPM has determined that a child abuse... validity of the legal process. (ii) OPM will not delay compliance with a child abuse judgment enforcement...

5 CFR 838.1121 - Procedures and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) COURT ORDERS AFFECTING RETIREMENT BENEFITS Court Orders Under the Child Abuse... 581 of this chapter that appears valid on its face. (2)(i) After OPM has determined that a child abuse... validity of the legal process. (ii) OPM will not delay compliance with a child abuse judgment enforcement...

40 CFR 97.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

40 CFR 97.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or subpart H of, or appendix D or... monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not be considered valid...

With Portfolio in Hand. Validating the New Teacher Professionalism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyons, Nona, Ed.

This book suggests that portfolios can become a new kind of credential of competent and effective teachers. The book includes 5 parts with 16 chapters. Part 1, "Prologue," offers: (1) "Portfolio Possibilities: Validating a New Teacher Professionalism" (Nona Lyons) and (2) "Teacher Portfolios: A Theoretical Activity"…

Plume Measurement System (PLUMES) Calibration Experiment

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-08-01

calibration chamber was lished and documented. To apply acoustic designed and built Particles were suspended technology to monitoring suspended sedi- in the...procedures are described in Chap- ter 2. Repeatability of the experiments and validity of the results are de - scribed in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, the range...went into their design . The first two subsections give an overview of the calibration chamber and its characteristics. The remaining subsections describe

14 CFR 417.417 - Propellants and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 417.417 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LICENSING LAUNCH SAFETY Ground Safety § 417.417 Propellants and explosives. (a) A launch operator must comply with the explosive safety criteria in part 420 of this chapter. (b) A...

Wetlands, Chapter 17

Treesearch

T.L. Greaver; L. Liu; R. Bobbink

2011-01-01

The U.S. Clean Water Act defines wetlands as "those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions".

World commercial aircraft accidents: 1st edition, 1946--1991

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kimura, C.Y.

1992-02-01

This report is a compilation of all accidents world-wide involving aircraft in commercial service which resulted in the loss of the airframe or one or more fatality, or both. This information has been gathered in order to present a complete inventory of commercial aircraft accidents. Events involving military action, sabotage, terrorist bombings, hijackings, suicides, and industrial ground accidents are included within this list. This report is organized into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter contains the compilation of accidents involving world commercial jet aircraft from 1952 to 1991. The third chapter presents a compilation ofmore » accidents involving world commercial turboprop aircraft from 1952 to 1991. The fourth chapter presents a compilation of accidents involving world commercial pistonprop aircraft with four or more engines from 1946 to 1991. Each accident compilation or database in chapters two, three and four is presented in chronological order. Each accident is presented with information the following categories: date of accident, airline or operator and its flight number (if known), type of flight, type of aircraft and model, aircraft registration number, construction number/manufacturers serial number, aircraft damage resulting from accident, accident flight phase, accident location, number of fatalities, number of occupants, references used to compile the information, and finally cause, remarks, or description (brief) of the accident. The fifth chapter presents a list of all commercial aircraft accidents for all aircraft types with 100 or more fatalities in order of decreasing number of fatalities. Chapter six presents the commercial aircraft accidents for all aircraft types by flight phase. Future editions of this report will have additional follow-on chapters which will present other studies still in preparation at the time this edition was being prepared.« less

Can One Satellite Data Set Validation Another? Validation of Envisat SCIAMACHY Data by Comparisons with NOAA-16 SBUV/2 and ERS-2 GOME

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hilsenrath, E.; Bojkov, B. R.; Labow, G.; Weber, M.; Burrows, J.

2004-01-01

Validation of satellite data remains a high priority for the construction of climate data sets. Traditionally ground based measurements have provided the primary comparison data for validation. For some atmospheric parameters such as ozone, a thoroughly validated satellite data record can be used to validate a new instrument s data product in addition to using ground based data. Comparing validated data with new satellite data has several advantages; availability of much more data, which will improve precision, larger geographical coverage, and the footprints are closer in size, which removes uncertainty due to different observed atmospheric volumes. To demonstrate the applicability and some limitations of this technique, observations from the newly launched SCIAMACHY instrument were compared with the NOM-16 SBW/2 and ERS-2 GOME instruments. The SBW/2 data had all ready undergone validation by comparing to the total ozone ground network. Overall the SCIAMACHY data were found to low by 3% with respect to satellite data and 1% low with respect to ground station data. There appears to be seasonal and or solar zenith angle dependences in the comparisons with SBW/2 where differences increase with higher solar zenith angles. It is known that accuracies in both satellite and ground based total ozone algorithms decrease at high solar zenith angles. There is a strong need for more accurate measurement from and the ground under these conditions. At the present time SCIAMACHY data are limited and longer data set with more coverage in both hemispheres is needed to unravel the cause of these differences.

The Challenges of Gangs and Youth Violence in the Schools. Fourth CCBD Mini-Library Series: Addressing the Diverse Needs of Children and Youth with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders--Programs That Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, Sharon H.; Van Acker, Richard

Review of the current knowledge concerning youth violence and gang behavior considers risk factors for violence and gang formation, functions served by violence and gang membership, and strategies that have been empirically validated to be either beneficial or ineffective. Following an introductory chapter, the first chapter looks at the nature of…

Chapter 19. Forbs for seeding range and wildlife habitats

Treesearch

Richard Stevens; Stephen B. Monsen

2004-01-01

Forbs are abundant in all vegetative types throughout the Intermountain West. Most are found intermixed in grasslands and as understory plants in shrub and forest types. Forbs provide ground cover, soil stability, community (flora and fauna) diversity, nutritious forage, and are of aesthetic value.

An Analysis and Validation of Vocational Special Needs Inservice Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, James M.; And Others

This report presents the results of a four-year effort to develop a valid and reliable inservice needs assessment instrument. (The instrument was designed to identify competencies that should be the focus of inservice training for vocational educators who teach or provide services to special needs learners.) Chapter I is an introduction. Chapter…

9 CFR 381.22 - Conditions for receiving inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... have conducted a hazard analysis and developed and validated a HACCP plan, in accordance with §§ 417.2... exceed 90 days, during which period the establishment must validate its HACCP plan. (c) Before producing... developed a HACCP plan applicable to that product in accordance with § 417.2 of this chapter. During a...

9 CFR 381.22 - Conditions for receiving inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... have conducted a hazard analysis and developed and validated a HACCP plan, in accordance with §§ 417.2... exceed 90 days, during which period the establishment must validate its HACCP plan. (c) Before producing... developed a HACCP plan applicable to that product in accordance with § 417.2 of this chapter. During a...

Using Ground-Based Measurements and Retrievals to Validate Satellite Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dong, Xiquan

2002-01-01

The proposed research is to use the DOE ARM ground-based measurements and retrievals as the ground-truth references for validating satellite cloud results and retrieving algorithms. This validation effort includes four different ways: (1) cloud properties on different satellites, therefore different sensors, TRMM VIRS and TERRA MODIS; (2) cloud properties at different climatic regions, such as DOE ARM SGP, NSA, and TWP sites; (3) different cloud types, low and high level cloud properties; and (4) day and night retrieving algorithms. Validation of satellite-retrieved cloud properties is very difficult and a long-term effort because of significant spatial and temporal differences between the surface and satellite observing platforms. The ground-based measurements and retrievals, only carefully analyzed and validated, can provide a baseline for estimating errors in the satellite products. Even though the validation effort is so difficult, a significant progress has been made during the proposed study period, and the major accomplishments are summarized in the follow.

Statistical problems in measuring surface ozone and modelling its patterns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hutchison, Paul Stewart

The Thesis examines ground level air pollution data supplied by ITE Bush, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. There is a brief examination of sulphur dioxide concentration data, but the Thesis is primarily concerned with ozone. The diurnal behaviour of ozone is the major topic, and a new methodology of classification of 'ozone days' is introduced and discussed. In chapter 2, the inverse Gaussian distribution is considered and rejected as a possible alternative to the standard approach of using the lognormal as a model for the frequency distribution of observed sulphur dioxide concentrations. In chapter 3, the behaviour of digital gas pollution analysers is investigated by making use of data obtained from two such machines operating side by side. A time series model of the differences between the readings obtained from the two machines is considered, and possible effects on modelling discussed. In chapter 4, the changes in the diurnal behaviour of ozone over a year are examined. A new approach involving a distortion of the time axis is shown to give diurnal ozone curves more homogeneous properties and have beneficial effects for modelling purposes. Chapter 5 extends the analysis of the diurnal behaviour of ozone begun in chapter 4 by considering individual 'ozone days' and attempting to classify them as one of several typical 'types' of day. The time distortion method introduced in chapter 4 is used, and a new classification methodology is introduced for considering data of this type. The statistical properties of this method are discussed in chapter 6.

A Comparison of Model Calculation and Measurement of Absorbed Dose for Proton Irradiation. Chapter 5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zapp, N.; Semones, E.; Saganti, P.; Cucinotta, F.

2003-01-01

With the increase in the amount of time spent EVA that is necessary to complete the construction and subsequent maintenance of ISS, it will become increasingly important for ground support personnel to accurately characterize the radiation exposures incurred by EVA crewmembers. Since exposure measurements cannot be taken within the organs of interest, it is necessary to estimate these exposures by calculation. To validate the methods and tools used to develop these estimates, it is necessary to model experiments performed in a controlled environment. This work is such an effort. A human phantom was outfitted with detector equipment and then placed in American EMU and Orlan-M EVA space suits. The suited phantom was irradiated at the LLUPTF with proton beams of known energies. Absorbed dose measurements were made by the spaceflight operational dosimetrist from JSC at multiple sites in the skin, eye, brain, stomach, and small intestine locations in the phantom. These exposures are then modeled using the BRYNTRN radiation transport code developed at the NASA Langley Research Center, and the CAM (computerized anatomical male) human geometry model of Billings and Yucker. Comparisons of absorbed dose calculations with measurements show excellent agreement. This suggests that there is reason to be confident in the ability of both the transport code and the human body model to estimate proton exposure in ground-based laboratory experiments.

Search for Low-Mass Dark Matter wtih SuperCDMS Soudan and Study of Shorted Electric Field Configurations in CDMS Detectors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schneck, Kristiana

The area of dark matter is one of the most interesting and exciting topics in physics today. Existing at the intersection of particle physics and astrophysics, the existence of a new dark matter particle can be used to explain many astrophysical and cosmological observations, as well as to reconcile outstanding issues in the standard model of particle physics. Experiments such as SuperCDMS are built to detect dark matter in the lab by looking for low-energy nuclear recoils produced by collisions between dark matter particles and atoms in terrestrial detectors. SuperCDMS Soudan is particularly well-suited to follow up on possible hintsmore » of low-mass dark matter seen by other recent experiments because of its low thresholds and excellent background discrimination. Analyzing SuperCDMS Soudan data to look for low-mass dark matter comes with particular challenges because of the low signal-to-noise very near threshold. However, with a detailed background model developed by scaling high-energy events down into the low-energy signal region, SuperCDMS Soudan produced worldleading limits on the existence of low-mass dark matter. In addition, a few SuperCDMS Soudan detectors experienced cold hardware problems that can affect the data collected. Of particular interest is one detector considered for the low-mass WIMP search that has one of its charge electrodes shorted to chassis ground. Three events were observed in this detector upon unblinding the SuperCDMS Soudan low-energy data, even though <1 event was expected based on pre-unblinding calulations. However, the data collected by the shorted detector may have been compromised since an electrode shorted to ground will modify the electric field in the detector. The SuperCDMS Detector Monte Carlo (DMC) provides an excellent way to model the effects of the modified electric field, so a new model of the expected backgrounds in the low-mass WIMP search is developed using the DMC to try to explain how the short may have affected the data collected. This thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 1 gives a broad introduction to dark matter, discussing the astrophysical and cosmological evidence for its existence, listing several possible particle physics candidates, and outlining several experimental strategies to look for dark matter. Chapter 2 is an overview of CDMS detector technology and the experimental setup at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, with a focus on how data coming out of Soudan is analyzed. Chapter 3 presents results from a search for low-mass dark matter at SuperCDMS Soudan and discusses the interpretation of the results. Chapter 4 contains follow-up work that uses the CDMS Detector Monte Carlo (DMC) to understand the possible systematics associated with a detector that had one of its charge electrodes shorted to ground. This chapter represents the first time the DMC has been used to inform ongoing CDMS analysis. Chapter 5 takes a brief detour into the world of effective field theory (EFT), examining the consequences of an expanded set of possible WIMP-nucleon interactions in the EFT framework. Finally, Chapter 6 wraps up the material of the previous chapters and discusses how the research presented in this thesis can be applied as CDMS moves toward SuperCDMS SNOLAB.« less

Measurements of Ground Acoustic Environments for Small Solid Rocket Motor Firings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vu, Bruce; Plotkin, Ken

2011-01-01

Mobile launcher deck and tower are exposed to severe acoustic environments during launch. These environments, if not properly managed, can weaken ground support equipment and result in structure failure. The objectives of this study were: (1) Characterize the acoustic ground environment with and without water suppression systems. (2) Validate the ground acoustic prediction based on scaling of Saturn V data. and (3) Validate a semi-empirical acoustic analysis.

Inventory of File sref_em.t03z.pgrb132.p1.f00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

0-0.1 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 402 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 403 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 404 0.1-0.4 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric

49 CFR 195.1 - Which pipelines are covered by this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY... may petition the Administrator, under § 190.9 of this chapter, for approval to operate under PHMSA... non-pipeline mode of transportation; or (ii) Through facilities located on the grounds of a materials...

The Principal: Leadership for the Effective and Productive School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bookbinder, Robert M.

This book synthesizes research findings on principal effectiveness, viewing the principal as a key factor in ensuring school effectiveness and productivity. Methodology includes an extensive literature review, participation and observation grounded in theory, and pragmatic responses to conditions and issues. Chapter 1 presents an overview of…

Progressive Reconstruction: A Methodology for Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

ground. Actions taken under this plan involved resettlement to strategic hamlets , relocating over five hundred thousand people by 1953...Malayan Emergency: 1948-1960, (New York: Bantam Books, 1971(1987)) Chapter 2 “The Man who Loved Shakespeare , the turning of Osman China.” 215-229

The Digital Identity of Student Affairs Professionals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahlquist, Josie

2016-01-01

This chapter highlights opportunities in the digital space for student affairs professionals. A blended approach, grounded in the new technology competency recently added in the ACPA and NASPA student affairs professional competencies, is proposed for student affairs professionals' digital identity development. It includes the awareness of one's…

40 CFR 194.51 - Consideration of protected individual.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Consideration of protected individual... Individual and Ground-Water Protection Requirements § 194.51 Consideration of protected individual. Compliance assessments that analyze compliance with § 191.15 of this chapter shall assume that an individual...

40 CFR 194.52 - Consideration of exposure pathways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Consideration of exposure pathways... Individual and Ground-Water Protection Requirements § 194.52 Consideration of exposure pathways. In compliance assessments that analyze compliance with § 191.15 of this chapter, all potential exposure pathways...

40 CFR 194.52 - Consideration of exposure pathways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Consideration of exposure pathways... Individual and Ground-Water Protection Requirements § 194.52 Consideration of exposure pathways. In compliance assessments that analyze compliance with § 191.15 of this chapter, all potential exposure pathways...

40 CFR 194.52 - Consideration of exposure pathways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Consideration of exposure pathways... Individual and Ground-Water Protection Requirements § 194.52 Consideration of exposure pathways. In compliance assessments that analyze compliance with § 191.15 of this chapter, all potential exposure pathways...

40 CFR 194.52 - Consideration of exposure pathways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Consideration of exposure pathways. 194... Individual and Ground-Water Protection Requirements § 194.52 Consideration of exposure pathways. In compliance assessments that analyze compliance with § 191.15 of this chapter, all potential exposure pathways...

40 CFR 194.52 - Consideration of exposure pathways.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Consideration of exposure pathways... Individual and Ground-Water Protection Requirements § 194.52 Consideration of exposure pathways. In compliance assessments that analyze compliance with § 191.15 of this chapter, all potential exposure pathways...

Culturally Responsive Integrative Learning Environments: A Critical Displacement Approach.

PubMed

Mahoney, Antron D

2016-12-01

This chapter outlines a critical framework for developing culturally responsive integrative learning environments in leadership education. The framework is grounded in the scholarship of women of color feminism and offers implications for transforming curricular and cocurricular leadership programs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company.

47 CFR 22.801 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scope. 22.801 Section 22.801 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Air-Ground... elsewhere in this part and in part 1 of this chapter that generally apply to the Public Mobile Services. In...

47 CFR 22.801 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scope. 22.801 Section 22.801 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Air-Ground... elsewhere in this part and in part 1 of this chapter that generally apply to the Public Mobile Services. In...

47 CFR 22.801 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scope. 22.801 Section 22.801 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Air-Ground... elsewhere in this part and in part 1 of this chapter that generally apply to the Public Mobile Services. In...

47 CFR 22.801 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scope. 22.801 Section 22.801 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Air-Ground... elsewhere in this part and in part 1 of this chapter that generally apply to the Public Mobile Services. In...

Sports Fields: A Manual for Design Construction and Maintenance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puhalla, Jim; Krans, Jeff; Goatley, Mike

Comprehensive technical reference information is provided for those responsible for the design, construction, renovation, or maintenance of sports grounds. Chapters illustrate specific design elements of all popular sports facilities, and explain how those elements are integrated in a successful project; explore commonly encountered sports field…

24 CFR 3285.404 - Severe climatic conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

....404 Severe climatic conditions. In frost-susceptible soil locations, ground anchor augers must be installed below the frost line, unless the foundation system is frost-protected to prevent the effects of frost heave, in accordance with acceptable engineering practice and § 3280.306 of this chapter and...

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) Science Implementation Plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petersen, Walter A.; Hou, Arthur Y.

2008-01-01

For pre-launch algorithm development and post-launch product evaluation Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) goes beyond direct comparisons of surface rain rates between ground and satellite measurements to provide the means for improving retrieval algorithms and model applications.Three approaches to GPM GV include direct statistical validation (at the surface), precipitation physics validation (in a vertical columns), and integrated science validation (4-dimensional). These three approaches support five themes: core satellite error characterization; constellation satellites validation; development of physical models of snow, cloud water, and mixed phase; development of cloud-resolving model (CRM) and land-surface models to bridge observations and algorithms; and, development of coupled CRM-land surface modeling for basin-scale water budget studies and natural hazard prediction. This presentation describes the implementation of these approaches.

The Development of Statistics Textbook Supported with ICT and Portfolio-Based Assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hendikawati, Putriaji; Yuni Arini, Florentina

2016-02-01

This research was development research that aimed to develop and produce a Statistics textbook model that supported with information and communication technology (ICT) and Portfolio-Based Assessment. This book was designed for students of mathematics at the college to improve students’ ability in mathematical connection and communication. There were three stages in this research i.e. define, design, and develop. The textbooks consisted of 10 chapters which each chapter contains introduction, core materials and include examples and exercises. The textbook developed phase begins with the early stages of designed the book (draft 1) which then validated by experts. Revision of draft 1 produced draft 2 which then limited test for readability test book. Furthermore, revision of draft 2 produced textbook draft 3 which simulated on a small sample to produce a valid model textbook. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics. The analysis showed that the Statistics textbook model that supported with ICT and Portfolio-Based Assessment valid and fill up the criteria of practicality.

Developing calculus textbook model that supported with GeoGebra to enhancing students’ mathematical problem solving and mathematical representation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dewi, N. R.; Arini, F. Y.

2018-03-01

The main purpose of this research is developing and produces a Calculus textbook model that supported with GeoGebra. This book was designed to enhancing students’ mathematical problem solving and mathematical representation. There were three stages in this research i.e. define, design, and develop. The textbooks consisted of 6 chapters which each chapter contains introduction, core materials and include examples and exercises. The textbook developed phase begins with the early stages of designed the book (draft 1) which then validated by experts. Revision of draft 1 produced draft 2. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The analysis showed that the Calculus textbook model that supported with GeoGebra, valid and fill up the criteria of practicality.

Low-Frequency Waves in HF Heating of the Ionosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, A. S.; Eliasson, B.; Milikh, G. M.; Najmi, A.; Papadopoulos, K.; Shao, X.; Vartanyan, A.

2016-02-01

Ionospheric heating experiments have enabled an exploration of the ionosphere as a large-scale natural laboratory for the study of many plasma processes. These experiments inject high-frequency (HF) radio waves using high-power transmitters and an array of ground- and space-based diagnostics. This chapter discusses the excitation and propagation of low-frequency waves in HF heating of the ionosphere. The theoretical aspects and the associated models and simulations, and the results from experiments, mostly from the HAARP facility, are presented together to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the relevant plasma processes. The chapter presents the plasma model of the ionosphere for describing the physical processes during HF heating, the numerical code, and the simulations of the excitation of low-frequency waves by HF heating. It then gives the simulations of the high-latitude ionosphere and mid-latitude ionosphere. The chapter also briefly discusses the role of kinetic processes associated with wave generation.

Introduction to the geologic and geophysical studies of Fort Irwin, California: Chapter A in Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Buesch, David C.

2014-01-01

Geologic and geophysical investigations in the vicinity of Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, have been completed in support of groundwater investigations, and are presented in eight chapters of this report. A generalized surficial geologic map along with field and borehole investigations conducted during 2010–11 provide a lithostratigraphic and structural framework for the area during the Cenozoic. Electromagnetic properties of resistivity were measured in the laboratory on hand and core samples, and compared to borehole geophysical resistivity data. These data were used in conjunction with ground-based time-domain and airborne data and interpretations to provide a framework for the shallow lithologic units and structure. Gravity and aeromagnetic maps cover areas ~4 to 5 times that of Fort Irwin. Each chapter includes hydrogeologic applications of the data or model results.

Field-Effects in Large Axial Ratio Liquid Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lonberg, Franklin J.

This paper consists of an introduction and four chapters, the abstracts of which are presented below. Chapter 2. The subject of this chapter is the dynamic periodic structures which are observed in the twist Frederiks transition. It is found that, for fields above a material dependent level, a transient periodic distortion is observed. The wave vector is parallel to the unperturbed director and increases with increasing field. A theoretical model and experimental data are presented. Chapter 3. The subject of this chapter is the discovery of a new equilibrium structure in the splay Frederiks transition. Experimental observation has shown that the imposition of a field, just above the critical strength, produces a periodic distortion in the polymer liquid crystal PBG. This periodic state is not dynamic in origin but it is a true ground state. An analysis of the energy of a liquid crystal, in the splay Frederiks transition geometry, shows that in materials with K(,1)/K(,3) > 3.3 the periodic distortion will have a lower critical field than the uniform distortion. Chapter 4. The subject of this chapter is the dynamics of the bend Frederiks transition in large axial ratio nematics. Experimental evidence is presented to show that there is a distortion mode which occurs at field greater than 2H(,c), which is very fast and does not grow exponentially. An analysis of the equations of motion shows that a mode with wave length half that of the static equilibrium mode will have these properties. Chapter 5. The bend Frederiks transition is use to show that the bend and splay elastic constants are linear in concentration in PBG. Interpretation of this result is made in connection with models of the elastic energy in liquid crystal made of semi-flexible partiles.

Torts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, William J., Jr.

This chapter examines cases reported during 1990 that involved tort claims within the school context. A tort is a civil wrong, other than breach of contract, for which a court provides relief in the form of damages. Included are cases involving school officials, school employees, students, and in some instances others visiting school grounds. Tort…

Teaching Mathematics to Middle School Students with Learning Difficulties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montague, Marjorie, Ed.; Jitendra, Asha K., Ed.

2006-01-01

A highly practical resource for special educators and classroom teachers, this book provides specific instructional guidance illustrated with vignettes, examples, and sample lesson plans. Every chapter is grounded in research and addresses the nuts and bolts of teaching math to students who are not adequately prepared for the challenging middle…

Institutional Collaborations in Ireland: Leveraging an Increased International Presence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eddy, Pamela L.

2010-01-01

This chapter highlights how shifts in policy within Ireland toward increased global rankings and quality of educational programs and a heightened interest in research have been operationalized on the ground. The Higher Education Authority initiated a Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions (PRTLI) to provide seed money for research…

Water and soils

Treesearch

Carl C. Trettin

2004-01-01

In the second chapter, Ge Sun and others discuss the effects of management of southern forests on water quantity and quality. Their thorough review of water quality and quantity research in the South provides valuable insights. This research has shown that the greatest changes in streamwater yield or ground-water table occur immediately following forest land...

Blueprint for a Green School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chase, Jayni

The 20 chapters in this book focus on the creation of environmentally safe and healthy school buildings and grounds and on what school administrators, teachers, maintenance staff, students, community leaders and parents can do to meet this goal. The guide functions as an introduction to environmental problems and issues relevant to schools,…

Teaching with Cases: Learning to Question.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boehrer, John; Linsky, Marty

1990-01-01

This chapter discusses the origins of the case method, looks at the question of what is a case, gives ideas about learning in case teaching, the purposes it can serve in the classroom, the ground rules for case discussion, including the role of questions, and new directions for case teaching. (MLW)

14 CFR 61.31 - Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... holder is already qualified. (k) Additional training required for night vision goggle operations. (1... aircraft using night vision goggles only if that person receives and logs ground training from an...: (i) Applicable portions of this chapter that relate to night vision goggle limitations and flight...

14 CFR 61.31 - Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... holder is already qualified. (k) Additional training required for night vision goggle operations. (1... aircraft using night vision goggles only if that person receives and logs ground training from an...: (i) Applicable portions of this chapter that relate to night vision goggle limitations and flight...

Chapter Four - Shoot apical meristem form and function. In:

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) generates above-ground aerial organs throughout the lifespan of higher plants. In order to fulfill this function, the meristem must maintain a balance between the self-renewal of a reservoir of central stem cells and organ initiation from peripheral cells. The activit...

Torts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thurston, Paul W.

This chapter reports cases decided during 1981 that involved some type of tort claim within the school context. Torts are civil claims brought against a person or organization on grounds that the person or organization violated a responsibility not to injure another party. The cases are organized according to the particular type of tort involved.…

Torts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thurston, Paul W.

This chapter reports cases that involve some type of tort claim within the school context. Torts are civil claims brought against a person or organization on grounds that the person or organization violated a responsibility not to injure another party. Most of the cases discussed deal with accusations that the school or an employee of the school…

Modelling public support for wildland fire policy

Treesearch

J.D. Absher; J.J. Vaske

2007-01-01

Theoretically grounded explanations of wildland fire policy can be improved by empirically documenting the causal influences of support for (or opposition to) management alternatives. This chapter proposes a model based on the specificity principle (i.e. correspondence between measured variables to empirically examine four common wildland fire policies in relation to...

Investigations of Galaxy Clusters Using Gravitational Lensing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wiesner, Matthew P.

2014-08-01

In this dissertation, we discuss the properties of galaxy clusters that have been determined using strong and weak gravitational lensing. A galaxy cluster is a collection of galaxies that are bound together by the force of gravity, while gravitational lensing is the bending of light by gravity. Strong lensing is the formation of arcs or rings of light surrounding clusters and weak lensing is a change in the apparent shapes of many galaxies. In this work we examine the properties of several samples of galaxy clusters using gravitational lensing. In Chapter 1 we introduce astrophysical theory of galaxy clusters andmore » gravitational lensing. In Chapter 2 we examine evidence from our data that galaxy clusters are more concentrated than cosmology would predict. In Chapter 3 we investigate whether our assumptions about the number of galaxies in our clusters was valid by examining new data. In Chapter 4 we describe a determination of a relationship between mass and number of galaxies in a cluster at higher redshift than has been found before. In Chapter 5 we describe a model of the mass distribution in one of the ten lensing systems discovered by our group at Fermilab. Finally in Chapter 6 we summarize our conclusions.« less

SeaWiFS technical report series. Volume 28: SeaWiFS algorithms, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); Acker, James G. (Editor); Mcclain, Charles R.; Arrigo, Kevin; Esaias, Wayne E.; Darzi, Michael; Patt, Frederick S.; Evans, Robert H.; Brown, James W.

1995-01-01

This document provides five brief reports that address several algorithm investigations sponsored by the Calibration and Validation Team (CVT) within the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project. This volume, therefore, has been designated as the first in a series of algorithm volumes. Chapter 1 describes the initial suite of masks, used to prevent further processing of contaminated radiometric data, and flags, which are employed to mark data whose quality (due to a variety of factors) may be suspect. In addition to providing the mask and flag algorithms, this chapter also describes the initial strategy for their implementation. Chapter 2 evaluates various strategies for the detection of clouds and ice in high latitude (polar and sub-polar regions) using Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data. Chapter 3 presents an algorithm designed for detecting and masking coccolithosphore blooms in the open ocean. Chapter 4 outlines a proposed scheme for correcting the out-of-band response when SeaWiFS is in orbit. Chapter 5 gives a detailed description of the algorithm designed to apply sensor calibration data during the processing of level-1b data.

Safety Considerations in the Ground Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kirkpatrick, Paul D.; Palo, Thomas E.

2007-01-01

In the history of humankind, every great space adventure has begun on the ground. While this seems to be stating the obvious, mission and spacecraft designers who have overlooked this fact have paid a high price, either in loss or damage to the spacecraft pre-launch, or in mission failure or reduction. Spacecraft personnel may risk not only their flight hardware, but they may also risk their lives, their co-workers lives and even the general public by not heeding safety on the ground. Their eyes may be on the stars but their feet are on the ground! One additional comment: Although the design requirements are very different for human rated and nonhuman rated flight hardware, while on the ground that flight hardware (and its ground support equipment) doesn't care about what it is flying on. On the ground, additional requirements are often levied to protect the work force and general public. (Authors' Note: The source material for this chapter is primarily taken from the Kennedy Space Center Handbook (KHB) 1700.7/45 SW Handbook S-100 Space Shuttle Payload Ground Safety Handbook and the authors' personal experiences.

Evaluation of the 3M™ Petrifilm™ Salmonella express system for the detection of Salmonella species in selected foods: collaborative study.

PubMed

Bird, Patrick; Flannery, Jonathan; Crowley, Erin; Agin, James; Goins, David; Jechorek, Robert

2014-01-01

The 3M™ Petriflm™ Salmonella Express (SALX) System is a simple, ready-to-use chromogenic culture medium system for the rapid qualitative detection and biochemical confirmation of Salmonella spp. in food and food process environmental samples. The 3M Petrifilm SALX System was compared using an unpaired study design in a multilaboratory collaborative study to the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (MLG) 4.07 (2013) Isolation and Identification of Salmonella from Meat, Poultry, Pasteurized Egg and Catfish Products and Carcass and Environmental Sponges for raw ground beef and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) Chapter 5, Salmonella (2011) reference method for dry dog food following the current AOAC validation guidelines. For this study, a total of 17 laboratories located throughout the continental United States evaluated 1872 test portions. For the 3M Petrifilm SALX System, raw ground beef was analyzed using 25 g test portions, and dry dog food was analyzed using 375 g test portions. For the reference methods, 25 g test portions of each inatrix were analyzed. The two matrices were artificially contaminated with Salmonella at three inoculation levels: an uninoculated control level (0 CFU/test portion), a low inoculum level (0.2-2 CFU/test portion), and a high inoculum level (2-5 CFU/test portion). Each inoculation level was statistically analyzed using the probability of detection statistical model. For the raw ground beef and dry dog food test portions, no significant differences at the 95% confidence interval were observed in the number of positive samples detected by the 3M Petrifilm SALX System versus either the USDA/FSIS-MLG or FDA/BAM methods.

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series. Volume 38; SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation Quality Control Procedures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); McClain, Charles R.; Darzi, Michael; Barnes, Robert A.; Eplee, Robert E.; Firestone, James K.; Patt, Frederick S.; Robinson, Wayne D.; Schieber, Brian D.;

Ground Target Modeling and Validation Conference (10th) Held in Houghton, Michigan, on 17-19 August 1999

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

electrically small or only have a greater size in one dimension will not have a significant impact on the total RCS. At 1000 MHz, the components on the model ...7^/43- L"^y 16 % 6 ^Ly Cc>v y to-*^ r*r+r g,^\\oS^ Proceedings ? Tenth Annual Ground Target Modeling and Validation Conference August 1999...of the Tenth Annual Ground Target Modeling and Validation Conference (Unclassified) \\2. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) William R Reynolds and Tracy T. Maki 13a

Stochastic ground motion simulation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rezaeian, Sanaz; Xiaodan, Sun; Beer, Michael; Kougioumtzoglou, Ioannis A.; Patelli, Edoardo; Siu-Kui Au, Ivan

2014-01-01

Strong earthquake ground motion records are fundamental in engineering applications. Ground motion time series are used in response-history dynamic analysis of structural or geotechnical systems. In such analysis, the validity of predicted responses depends on the validity of the input excitations. Ground motion records are also used to develop ground motion prediction equations(GMPEs) for intensity measures such as spectral accelerations that are used in response-spectrum dynamic analysis. Despite the thousands of available strong ground motion records, there remains a shortage of records for large-magnitude earthquakes at short distances or in specific regions, as well as records that sample specific combinations of source, path, and site characteristics.

SeaWiFS Postlaunch Technical Report Series. Volume 11; SeaWIFS Postlaunch Calibration and Validation Analyses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); OReilly, John E.; Maritorena, Stephane; OBrien, Margaret C.; Siegel, David A.; Toole, Dierdre; Mueller, James L.; Mitchell, B. Greg; Kahru, Mati;

Using high-resolution satellite imagery to assess populations of animals in the Antarctic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LaRue, Michelle Ann

The Southern Ocean is one of the most rapidly-changing ecosystems on the planet due to the effects of climate change and commercial fishing for ecologically-important krill and fish. It is imperative that populations of indicator species, such as penguins and seals, be monitored at regional- to global scales to decouple the effects of climate and anthropogenic changes for appropriate ecosystem-based management of the Southern Ocean. Remotely monitoring populations through high-resolution satellite imagery is currently the only feasible way to gain information about population trends of penguins and seals in Antarctica. In my first chapter, I review the literature where high-resolution satellite imagery has been used to assess populations of animals in polar regions. Building on this literature, my second chapter focuses on estimating changes in abundance in the Weddell seal population in Erebus Bay. I found a strong correlation between ground and satellite counts, and this finding provides an alternate method for assessing populations of Weddell seals in areas where less is known about population status. My third chapter explores how size of the guano stain of Adelie penguins can be used to predict population size. Using high-resolution imagery and ground counts, I built a model to estimate the breeding population of Adelie penguins using a supervised classification to estimate guano size. These results suggest that the size of guano stain is an accurate predictor of population size, and can be applied to estimate remote Adelie penguin colonies. In my fourth chapter, I use air photos, satellite imagery, climate and mark-resight data to determine that climate change has positively impacted the population of Adelie penguins at Beaufort Island through a habitat release that ultimately affected the dynamics within the southern Ross Sea metapopulation. Finally, for my fifth chapter I combined the literature with observations from aerial surveys and satellite imagery to determine that emperor penguins are not philopatric. These results have implications for interpreting long-term modeling studies and I suggest that future research should account for metapopulation dynamics within emperor penguin populations. Combined, my dissertation provides resources and new insights for effective management of the Southern Ocean ecosystem.

21 CFR 312.110 - Import and export requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... drug has valid marketing authorization in Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland..., and § 1.101 of this chapter; or (3) The drug is being exported to Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan...

Environmental Issues in Further and Higher Education. Conference Proceedings (Bristol, England, United Kingdom).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khan, Shirley Ali; And Others

1993-01-01

A conference was held to improve the environmental awareness of colleges in such areas as energy conservation, waste management, transportation policy, and use of grounds. This document contains the presentations of speakers who attended the conference. Chapter 1, "Greening Further and Higher Education" (Shirley Ali Khan), discusses the…

7 CFR 301.32-10 - Treatments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... treating fruits and vegetables as provided in part 305 of this chapter. These treatments must take place at... equipment at a rate of 2.4 oz of technical grade malathion and 9.6 oz of protein hydrolysate per acre. The... USDA-approved spinosad formulation and 48 oz of protein hydrolysate per acre. For ground applications...

Adolescents and Inclusion: Transforming Secondary Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bauer, Anne M.; Brown, Glenda Myree

Written with teachers, administrators, and students of Purcell Marian High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, this book is grounded in a 2-year action research project that created an inclusive high school. Chapter 1 provides snapshots of interactions in an inclusive high school and refutes some of the concerns expressed by teachers and administrators.…

Storing and Predicting Dynamic Attributes in a World Model Knowledge Store

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................16 Motivation and...be addressed and summarily solved by future robotic engineers. 16 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The world of mobile, intelligent robotics is...Office of the Secretary of Defense charted what was then the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Ground Vehicles Working Group ( JAUGS WG). JAUGS has since

Storing and Predicting Dynamic Attributes in a World Model Knowledge Store

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-01

14 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ... INTRODUCTION The world of mobile, intelligent robotics is expanding rapidly. As the shape, size, function and capabilities of these systems change, so...Ground Vehicles Working Group ( JAUGS WG). JAUGS has since transitioned to encompass the realm of all unmanned systems. It is the goal of the working group

Teaching Music to Students with Special Needs: A Label-Free Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammel, Alice; Hourigan, Ryan

2011-01-01

A practical guide & reference manual, "Teaching Music to Students with Special Needs" addresses special needs in the broadest possible sense to equip teachers with proven, research-based curricular strategies that are grounded in both best practice and current special education law. Chapters address the full range of topics and issues music…

40 CFR 436.31 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... this chapter shall apply to this subpart. (b) The term “mine dewatering” shall mean any water that is... efforts of the mine operator. This term shall also include wet pit overflows caused solely by direct rainfall and ground water seepage. However, if a mine is also used for treatment of process generated waste...

40 CFR 436.31 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... this chapter shall apply to this subpart. (b) The term “mine dewatering” shall mean any water that is... efforts of the mine operator. This term shall also include wet pit overflows caused solely by direct rainfall and ground water seepage. However, if a mine is also used for treatment of process generated waste...

Selecting Effective Treatments: A Comprehensive, Systematic Guide to Treating Mental Disorders. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seligman, Linda

This book presents an overview of the major types of mental disorders, accompanied by treatment models that are structured, comprehensive, grounded in research, and likely to be effective. Chapter topics are: (1) "Introduction to Effective Treatment Planning"; (2) "Mental Disorders in Infants, Children, and Adolescents"; (3) "Situationally…

8 CFR 1003.102 - Grounds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... student or law graduate as defined in § 1292.1(a)(2) of this chapter, any fee or compensation for specific services rendered for any person, except that a law student or law graduate may be regularly compensated by... fact and is warranted by existing law or by a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or...

Chapter 13: Applying GTR 220 Concepts on the Sagehen Experimental Forest

Treesearch

P. Stine; S. Conway

2012-01-01

Applying science to the practice of forest management is a difficult process. Scientific results tend to be expressed in terms such as variances, confidence intervals, and probability distributions. Rarely does science provide unequivocal information, yet land managers must make definitive decisions on the ground. The General Technical Report "An Ecosystem...

Restoration of temperate savannas and woodlands [Chapter 11

Treesearch

Brice B. Hanberry; John M. Kabrick; Peter W. Dunwiddie; Tibor Hartel; Theresa B. Jain; Benjamin O. Knapp

2017-01-01

Savannas and woodlands are open forest phases that occur along a gradient between grasslands and closed canopy forests. These ecosystems are characterized by open to nearly closed canopies of overstorey trees, relatively sparse midstorey and understorey woody vegetation, and dense, species-rich ground flora. In contrast to closed forests, the dominant and codominant...

DHO: Discovery--Stargazing from the Ground Up

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Leary, Niall

2013-01-01

In 2008, the Digital Humanities Observatory was charged with creating an all-island gateway to Irish digital collections and resources. A key factor in the achievement of this goal was the development of the web application, "DHO: Discovery." This chapter will describe what "DHO: Discovery" was intended to be and to what extent…

Chapter 15: Inland Habitat Suitability for the Marbled Murrelet in Southcentral Alaska

Treesearch

Katherine J. Kuletz; Dennis K. Marks; Nancy L. Naslund; Nike J. Goodson; Mary B. Cody

1995-01-01

The majority of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) nest in Alaska, where they sometimes nest on the ground, and their nesting habitat requirements are not well understood. The inland activity of murrelets was surveyed, and habitat features measured, between 1991 and 1993, in Prince William Sound, Kenai Fjords National Park and Afognak...

Preparing Teachers to Teach English as an International Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matsuda, Aya, Ed.

2017-01-01

This book explores ways to prepare teachers to teach English as an International Language (EIL) and provides theoretically-grounded models for EIL-informed teacher education. The volume includes two chapters that present a theoretical approach and principles in EIL teacher education, followed by a collection of descriptions of field-tested teacher…

77 FR 50956 - Exclusion of Tethered Launches From Licensing Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-23

..., but do not apply to amateur rocket activities or to space activities carried out by the United States... hitting the ground. Some of these tethered launches met the FAA's amateur rocket activity criteria,\\1\\ and thus were excluded from chapter III requirements. Those that did not meet the amateur rocket criteria...

Chapter 6: Tree-compatible ground covers for reforestation and erosion control

Treesearch

J. Burger; V. Davis; C. Zipper; J. Skousen; C. Barton; P. Angel

2017-01-01

Productive native forests create economic value for landowners, produce raw materials for wood-based products, and provide benefits such as watershed control, water quality protection, carbon storage, wildlife habitat, and native plant diversity. Owners of lands mined for coal in the Appalachian region are increasingly interested in assuring that productive forests are...

Snapshot Imaging Spectrometry in the Visible and Long Wave Infrared

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maione, Bryan David

Imaging spectrometry is an optical technique in which the spectral content of an object is measured at each location in space. The main advantage of this modality is that it enables characterization beyond what is possible with a conventional camera, since spectral information is generally related to the chemical composition of the object. Due to this, imaging spectrometers are often capable of detecting targets that are either morphologically inconsistent, or even under resolved. A specific class of imaging spectrometer, known as a snapshot system, seeks to measure all spatial and spectral information simultaneously, thereby rectifying artifacts associated with scanning designs, and enabling the measurement of temporally dynamic scenes. Snapshot designs are the focus of this dissertation. Three designs for snapshot imaging spectrometers are developed, each providing novel contributions to the field of imaging spectrometry. In chapter 2, the first spatially heterodyned snapshot imaging spectrometer is modeled and experimentally validated. Spatial heterodyning is a technique commonly implemented in non-imaging Fourier transform spectrometry. For Fourier transform imaging spectrometers, spatial heterodyning improves the spectral resolution trade space. Additionally, in this chapter a unique neural network based spectral calibration is developed and determined to be an improvement beyond Fourier and linear operator based techniques. Leveraging spatial heterodyning as developed in chapter 2, in chapter 3, a high spectral resolution snapshot Fourier transform imaging spectrometer, based on a Savart plate interferometer, is developed and experimentally validated. The sensor presented in this chapter is the highest spectral resolution sensor in its class. High spectral resolution enables the sensor to discriminate narrowly spaced spectral lines. The capabilities of neural networks in imaging spectrometry are further explored in this chapter. Neural networks are used to perform single target detection on raw instrument data, thereby eliminating the need for an explicit spectral calibration step. As an extension of the results in chapter 2, neural networks are once again demonstrated to be an improvement when compared to linear operator based detection. In chapter 4 a non-interferometric design is developed for the long wave infrared (wavelengths spanning 8-12 microns). The imaging spectrometer developed in this chapter is a multi-aperture filtered microbolometer. Since the detector is uncooled, the presented design is ultra-compact and low power. Additionally, cost effective polymer absorption filters are used in lieu of interference filters. Since, each measurement of the system is spectrally multiplexed, an SNR advantage is realized. A theoretical model for the filtered design is developed, and the performance of the sensor for detecting liquid contaminants is investigated. Similar to past chapters, neural networks are used and achieve false detection rates of less than 1%. Lastly, this dissertation is concluded with a discussion on future work and potential impact of these devices.

Ground-water models: Validate or invalidate

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bredehoeft, J.D.; Konikow, Leonard F.

1993-01-01

The word validation has a clear meaning to both the scientific community and the general public. Within the scientific community the validation of scientific theory has been the subject of philosophical debate. The philosopher of science, Karl Popper, argued that scientific theory cannot be validated, only invalidated. Popper’s view is not the only opinion in this debate; however, many scientists today agree with Popper (including the authors). To the general public, proclaiming that a ground-water model is validated carries with it an aura of correctness that we do not believe many of us who model would claim. We can place all the caveats we wish, but the public has its own understanding of what the word implies. Using the word valid with respect to models misleads the public; verification carries with it similar connotations as far as the public is concerned. Our point is this: using the terms validation and verification are misleading, at best. These terms should be abandoned by the ground-water community.

Where Do I Start (Beginning the Investigation)?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kornacki, Jeffrey L.

No doubt some will open directly to this chapter, because your product is contaminated with an undesirable microbe, or perhaps you have been asked to do such an investigation for another company's facility not previously observed by you and naturally you want tips on how to find where the contaminant is getting into the product stream. This chapter takes the reader through the process of beginning the investigation including understanding the process including the production schedule and critically reviewing previously generated laboratory data. Understanding the critical control points and validity of their critical limits is also important. Scoping the extent of the problem is next. It is always a good idea for the factory to have a rigorously validated cleaning and sanitation procedure that provides a documented "sanitation breakpoint," which can be useful in the "scoping" process, although some contamination events may extend past these "break-points." Touring the facility is next wherein preliminary pre-selection of areas for future sampling can be done. Operational samples and observations in non-food contact areas can be taken at this time. Then the operations personnel need to be consulted and plans made for an appropriate amount of time to observe equipment break down for "post-operational" sampling and "pre-operational" investigational sampling. Hence the chapter further discusses preparing operations personnel for the disruptions that go along with these investigations and assembling the sampling team. The chapter concludes with a discussion of post-startup observations after an investigation and sampling.

RF Systems in Space. Volume I. Space Antennas Frequency (SARF) Simulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-04-01

lens SBR designs were investigated. The survivability of an SBR system was analyzed. The design of ground based SBR validation experiments for large...aperture SBR concepts were investigated. SBR designs were investigated for ground target detection. N1’IS GRAMI DTIC TAB E Unannounced E Justificat... designs :~~.~...: .-..:. ->.. - . *.* . ..- . . .. . -. . ..- . .4. To analyze the survivability of space radar 5. To design ground-based validation

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Part B permit application [of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)]. Volume 11, Chapter D, Appendix D4--Chapter D, Appendix D17: Revision 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-03-01

This volume contains appendices D4 through D17 which cover the following: Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site environmental report; ecological monitoring program at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; site characterization; regional and site geology and hydrology; general geology; dissolution features; ground water hydrology; typical carbon sorption bed efficiency; VOC monitoring plan for bin-room tests; chemical compatibility analysis of waste forms and container materials; probable maximum precipitation; WHIP supplementary roof support system room 1, panel 1; and corrosion risk assessment of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant ``humid`` test bins.

The role of water in unconventional in situ energy resource extraction technologies: Chapter 7 in Food, energy, and water: The chemistry connection

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gallegos, Tanya J.; Bern, Carleton R.; Birdwell, Justin E.; Haines, Seth S.; Engle, Mark A.

2015-01-01

Global trends toward developing new energy resources from lower grade, larger tonnage deposits that are not generally accessible using “conventional” extraction methods involve variations of subsurface in situ extraction techniques including in situ oil-shale retorting, hydraulic fracturing of petroleum reservoirs, and in situ recovery (ISR) of uranium. Although these methods are economically feasible and perhaps result in a smaller above-ground land-use footprint, there remain uncertainties regarding potential subsurface impacts to groundwater. This chapter provides an overview of the role of water in these technologies and the opportunities and challenges for water reuse and recycling.

Asteroseismology: Data Analysis Methods and Interpretation for Space and Ground-based Facilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campante, T. L.

2012-06-01

This dissertation has been submitted to the Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD degree in Astronomy. The scientific results presented herein follow from the research activity performed under the supervision of Dr. Mário João Monteiro at the Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto and Dr. Hans Kjeldsen at the Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet. The dissertation is composed of three chapters and a list of appendices. Chapter 1 serves as an unpretentious and rather general introduction to the field of asteroseismology of solar-like stars. It starts with a historical account of the field of asteroseismology followed by a general review of the basic physics and properties of stellar pulsations. Emphasis is then naturally placed on the stochastic excitation of stellar oscillations and on the potential of asteroseismic inference. The chapter closes with a discussion about observational techniques and the observational status of the field. Chapter 2 is devoted to the subject of data analysis in asteroseismology. This is an extensive subject, therefore, a compilation is presented of the relevant data analysis methods and techniques employed contemporarily in asteroseismology of solar-like stars. Special attention has been drawn to the subject of statistical inference both from the competing Bayesian and frequentist perspectives. The chapter ends with a description of the implementation of a pipeline for mode parameter analysis of Kepler data. In the course of these two first chapters, reference is made to a series of articles led by the author (or otherwise having greatly benefited from his contribution) that can be found in Appendices A to E. Chapter 3 then goes on to present a series of additional published results.

Application and Validation of Concept Maturity Assessment Framework

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

process. The following chapter will discuss a proposed methodology for validation of the concept maturity framwork and its Concept Evaluation and...of each contractor‟s conceptual solution and any gaps in information that may have been overlooked. The organization also commented that the... conceptual and does not have a specific system tied to it is often vulnerable to losing interest and potentially funding from decision makers. However

Telemetry Standards, RCC Standard 106-17. Chapter 26. TmNSDataMessage Transfer Protocol

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

Channel (RTSPDataChannel) ............................................ 26-13 26.4.3 Reliability Critical (RC) Delivery Protocol...error status code specified in RFC 2326 for "Request-URI Too Large" is 虮". 26.4.1.5 Request Types RTSPDataSources shall return valid ...to the following requirements. • Valid TmNSDataMessages shall be delivered containing the original Packages matching the requested

33 CFR 107.220 - Permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... chapter VII, subchapter C, parts 730-774 for the export of the vessel to Cuba; and (4) A copy of a valid... applicant's travel-related transactions in Cuba. Applicants who do not require such an OFAC specific license...

Multiresolution Approach for Noncontact Measurements of Arterial Pulse Using Thermal Imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chekmenev, Sergey Y.; Farag, Aly A.; Miller, William M.; Essock, Edward A.; Bhatnagar, Aruni

This chapter presents a novel computer vision methodology for noncontact and nonintrusive measurements of arterial pulse. This is the only investigation that links the knowledge of human physiology and anatomy, advances in thermal infrared (IR) imaging and computer vision to produce noncontact and nonintrusive measurements of the arterial pulse in both time and frequency domains. The proposed approach has a physical and physiological basis and as such is of a fundamental nature. A thermal IR camera was used to capture the heat pattern from superficial arteries, and a blood vessel model was proposed to describe the pulsatile nature of the blood flow. A multiresolution wavelet-based signal analysis approach was applied to extract the arterial pulse waveform, which lends itself to various physiological measurements. We validated our results using a traditional contact vital signs monitor as a ground truth. Eight people of different age, race and gender have been tested in our study consistent with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations and internal review board approval. The resultant arterial pulse waveforms exactly matched the ground truth oximetry readings. The essence of our approach is the automatic detection of region of measurement (ROM) of the arterial pulse, from which the arterial pulse waveform is extracted. To the best of our knowledge, the correspondence between noncontact thermal IR imaging-based measurements of the arterial pulse in the time domain and traditional contact approaches has never been reported in the literature.

Aremnia and AEE: Expanding an energy network in a struggling country

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Good, L.

1997-06-01

In 1995, the National Capital Chapter (NCC) of the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) made the first overtures to offer assistance in starting a sister chapter in the tiny country of Armenia, a former Soviet Republic in southeastern Europe. This year the effort went into high gear, and it breaks new ground. An AEE chapter has never been founded in this manner. The task comes without instructions. Although AEE`s {open_quotes}Chapter Starter Kit{close_quotes} helps develop goals and an action plan, it cannot address building cultural bridges, dealing with national pride, working with a corporate cosponsor or arranging financial aid. These solutionsmore » must come from within. They cannot be prescribed. This paper describes the process, still in progress, that is testing the water, dealing with barriers and overcoming uncertainty. An equal partner in this venture is Resource Management Associates (RMA) of Madison, Inc., a highly respected contractor to the US Agency for International Development (US AID). Although based in Wisconsin, the company has planted secure roots in Armenia. RMA did not hesitate to step up to the plate. RMA`s commitment and on-site presence allows NCC to sleep well back in Washington.« less

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: a natural laboratory for studying basaltic volcanism: Chapter 1 in Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tilling, Robert I.; Kauahikaua, James P.; Brantley, Steven R.; Neal, Christina A.; Poland, Michael P.; Takahashi, T. Jane; Landowski, Claire M.

2014-01-01

This chapter summarizes HVO’s history and some of the scientific achievements made possible by this permanent observatory over the past century as it grew from a small wooden structure with only a small staff and few instruments to a modern, well-staffed, world-class facility with state-of-the-art monitoring networks that constantly track volcanic and earthquake activity. The many successes of HVO, from improving basic knowledge about basaltic volcanism to providing hands-on experience and training for hundreds of scientists and students and serving as the testing ground for new instruments and technologies, stem directly from the acquisition, integration, and analysis of multiple datasets that span many decades of observations of frequent eruptive activity. HVO’s history of the compilation, interpretation, and communication of long-term volcano monitoring and eruption data (for instance, seismic, geodetic, and petrologic-geochemical data and detailed eruption chronologies) is perhaps unparalleled in the world community of volcano observatories. The discussion and conclusions drawn in this chapter, which emphasize developments since the 75th anniversary of HVO in 1987, are general and retrospective and are intended to provide context for the more detailed, topically focused chapters of this volume.

Validation and understanding of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol products (C5) using ground-based measurements from the handheld Sun photometer network in China

Treesearch

Zhanqing Li; Feng Niu; Kwon-Ho Lee; Jinyuan Xin; Wei Min Hao; Bryce L. Nordgren; Yuesi Wang; Pucai Wang

2007-01-01

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) currently provides the most extensive aerosol retrievals on a global basis, but validation is limited to a small number of ground stations. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of Collection 4 and 5 MODIS aerosol products using ground measurements from the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network (CSHNET). The...

Inventory of File sref_nmm.t03z.pgrb132.p1.f00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 403 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 404 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 405 0.1-0.4 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content

Inventory of File sref_nmb.t03z.pgrb132.p1.f00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 403 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 404 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 405 0.1-0.4 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content

Experimental Validation: Subscale Aircraft Ground Facilities and Integrated Test Capability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bailey, Roger M.; Hostetler, Robert W., Jr.; Barnes, Kevin N.; Belcastro, Celeste M.; Belcastro, Christine M.

2005-01-01

Experimental testing is an important aspect of validating complex integrated safety critical aircraft technologies. The Airborne Subscale Transport Aircraft Research (AirSTAR) Testbed is being developed at NASA Langley to validate technologies under conditions that cannot be flight validated with full-scale vehicles. The AirSTAR capability comprises a series of flying sub-scale models, associated ground-support equipment, and a base research station at NASA Langley. The subscale model capability utilizes a generic 5.5% scaled transport class vehicle known as the Generic Transport Model (GTM). The AirSTAR Ground Facilities encompass the hardware and software infrastructure necessary to provide comprehensive support services for the GTM testbed. The ground facilities support remote piloting of the GTM aircraft, and include all subsystems required for data/video telemetry, experimental flight control algorithm implementation and evaluation, GTM simulation, data recording/archiving, and audio communications. The ground facilities include a self-contained, motorized vehicle serving as a mobile research command/operations center, capable of deployment to remote sites when conducting GTM flight experiments. The ground facilities also include a laboratory based at NASA LaRC providing near identical capabilities as the mobile command/operations center, as well as the capability to receive data/video/audio from, and send data/audio to the mobile command/operations center during GTM flight experiments.

NASA airborne laser altimetry and ICESat-2 post-launch data validation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brunt, K. M.; Neumann, T.; Studinger, M.; Hawley, R. L.; Markus, T.

2016-12-01

A series of NASA airborne lidars have made repeated surveys over an 11,000-m ground-based kinematic GPS traverse near Summit Station, Greenland. These ground-based data were used to assess the surface elevation bias and measurement precision of two airborne laser altimeters: Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) and Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS). Data from the ongoing monthly traverses allowed for the assessment of 8 airborne lidar campaigns; elevation biases for these altimeters were less than 12.2 cm, while assessments of surface measurement precision were less than 9.1 cm. Results from the analyses of the Greenland ground-based GPS and airborne lidar data provide guidance for validation strategies for Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) elevation and elevation-change data products. Specifically, a nested approach to validation is required, where ground-based GPS data are used to constrain the bias and measurement precision of the airborne lidar data; airborne surveys can then be designed and conducted on longer length-scales to provide the amount of airborne data required to make more statistically meaningful assessments of satellite elevation data. This nested validation approach will continue for the ground-traverse in Greenland; further, the ICESat-2 Project Science Office has plans to conduct similar coordinated ground-based and airborne data collection in Antarctica.

Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary

USGS Publications Warehouse

Miller, James A.

1999-01-01

The Ground Water Atlas of the United States provides a summary of the most important information available for each principal aquifer, or rock unit that will yield usable quantities of water to wells, throughout the 50 States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The Atlas is an outgrowth of the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a program that investigated 24 of the most important aquifers and aquifer systems of the Nation and one in the Caribbean Islands (fig. 1). The objectives of the RASA program were to define the geologic and hydrologic frameworks of each aquifer system, to assess the geochemistry of the water in the system, to characterize the ground-water flow system, and to describe the effects of development on the flow system. Although the RASA studies did not cover the entire Nation, they compiled much of the data needed to make the National assessments of ground-water resources presented in the Ground Water Atlas of the United States. The Atlas, however, describes the location, extent, and geologic and hydrologic characteristics of all the important aquifers in the United States, including those not studied by the RASA program. The Atlas is written so that it can be understood by readers who are not hydrologists. Simple language is used to explain technical terms. The principles that control the presence, movement, and chemical quality of ground water in different climatic, topographic, and geologic settings are clearly illustrated. The Atlas is, therefore, useful as a teaching tool for introductory courses in hydrology or hydrogeology at the college level and as an overview of ground-water conditions for consultants who need information about an individual aquifer. It also serves as an introduction to regional and National ground-water resources for lawmakers, personnel of local, State, or Federal agencies, or anyone who needs to understand ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality. The purpose of the Ground Water Atlas of the United States is to summarize, in one publication with a common format, the most important ground-water information that has been collected over many years by the USGS, other Federal agencies, and State and local water management agencies. The purpose of this introductory chapter is to describe the content of the Atlas; to discuss the characteristics, use, and limitations of the maps and other types of illustrations used in the different chapters of the book; to summarize the locations of the principal aquifers on a Nationwide map; and to give an example of an aquifer in each principal hydrogeologic setting.

Deep Time Iterations: Familiarity, Horizons, and Pattern among Finland's Nuclear Waste Safety Experts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ialenti, Vincent Francis

This ethnography reconsiders nuclear waste risk's deep time horizons' often-sensationalized aesthetics of horror, sublimity, and awe. It does so by tracking how Finland's nuclear energy and waste experts made visions of distant future Finlands appear more intelligible through mundane corporate, regulatory, financial, and technoscientific practices. Each chapter unpacks how informants iterated and reiterated traces of the very familiar to establish shared grounds of continuity for moving forward in time. Chapter 1 explores how Finland's energy sector's "mankala" cooperative corporate form was iterated and reiterated to give shape to political and financial time horizons. Chapter 2 explores how workplace role distinctions between recruit/retiree and junior/senior were iterated and reiterated to reckon nuclear personnel successions' intergenerational horizons. Chapter 3 explores how input/output and part/whole distinctions were iterated and reiterated to help model distant future worlds in a portfolio of "Safety Case" evidence made to demonstrate the Olkiluoto repository's safety to Finnish nuclear regulator STUK. Chapter 4 explores how Safety Case experts iterated and reiterated memories of a deceased predecessor figure in everyday engagements with deep time. What emerges are three insights about how futures attain discernible features--insights about the "continuity," "thinkability," and "extensibility" of expert thought--that, I argue, can help twenty-first century experts better navigate not only deep time, but also unknown futures of nuclear technologies, planetary environment, and expertise itself.

Workbook for estimating effects of accidental explosions in propellant ground handling and transport systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, W. E.; Kulesz, J. J.; Ricker, R. E.; Westine, P. S.; Parr, V. B.; Vargas, L. M.; Moseley, P. K.

1978-01-01

A workbook is presented to supplement an earlier NASA publication, which was intended to provide the designer and safety engineer with rapid methods for predicting damage and hazards from explosions of liquid propellant and compressed gas vessels used in ground storage, transport and handling. Information is presented in the form of graphs and tables to allow easy calculation, using only desk or handheld calculators. Topics covered in various chapters are: (1) estimates of explosive yield; (2) characteristics of pressure waves; (3) effects of pressure waves; (4) characteristics of fragments; and (5) effects of fragments and related topics.

The Relationship between Ground Permittivity and the Input Impedance of a Horizontal Dipole near Ground

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-01

only one of the terms. Thus, the inverse transform of the dyadic part of R is accomplished by simply replacing KK with -VtV t, where Vt is the x-y...KK/k2 . (2.30) The inverse transform of RTE can be found in the Laplace transform tables [18] or [19] to be L-I RE)=-2 J2 (kt4 iT)L-tRTE) = (2.31) -2...discussed in further detail in the next chapter. 9 The inverse transform of the second term of the reflection dyadic, Ro, is somewhat more difficult than

Grain optical properties

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanner, Martha

1988-01-01

The optical properties of small grains provide the link between the infrared observations presented in Chapter 1 and the dust composition described in Chapter 3. In this session, the optical properties were discussed from the viewpoint of modeling the emission from the dust coma and the scattering in order to draw inference about the dust size distribution and composition. The optical properties are applied to the analysis of the infrared data in several ways, and these different uses should be kept in mind when judging the validity of the methods for applying optical constants to real grains.

Advances in integration of photovoltaic power and energy production in practical systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fartaria, Tomas Oliveira

This thesis presents advances in integration of photovoltaic (PV) power and energy in practical systems, such as existing power plants in buildings or directly integrated in the public electrical grid. It starts by providing an analyze of the current state of PV power and some of its limitations. The work done in this thesis begins by providing a model to compute mutual shading in large PV plants, and after provides a study of the integration of a PV plant in a biogas power plant. The remainder sections focus on the work done for project PVCROPS, which consisted on the construction and operation of two prototypes composed of a PV system and a novel battery connected to a building and to the public electrical grid. These prototypes were then used to test energy management strategies and validate the suitability of the two advanced batteries (a lithium-ion battery and a vanadium redox ow battery) for households (BIPV) and PV plants. This thesis is divided in 7 chapters: Chapter 1 provides an introduction to explain and develop the main research questions studied for this thesis; Chapter 2 presents the development of a ray-tracing model to compute shading in large PV elds (with or without trackers); Chapter 3 shows the simulation of hybridizing a biogas plant with a PV plant, using biogas as energy storage; Chapters 4 and 5 present the construction, programming, and initial operation of both prototypes (Chapter 4), EMS testing oriented to BIPV systems (Chapter 5). Finally, Chapters 6 provides some future lines of investigation that can follow this thesis, and Chapter 7 shows a synopsis of the main conclusions of this work.

A new music therapy engagement scale for persons with dementia.

PubMed

Tan, Jane; Wee, Shiou-Liang; Yeo, Pei Shi; Choo, Juliet; Ritholz, Michele; Yap, Philip

2018-05-25

ABSTRACTObjectives:To develop and validate a new scale to assess music therapy engagement in persons with dementia (PWDs). A draft scale was derived from literature review and >2 years of qualitative recording of PWDs during music therapy. Content validity was attained through iterative consultations, trial sessions, and revisions. The final five-item Music Therapy Engagement scale for Dementia (MTED) assessed music and non-music related elements. Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were assessed over 120 music therapy sessions. MTED was validated with the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-being Observation Tool, Holden Communication Scale, and Participant Engagement Observation Checklist - Music Sessions. A total of 62 PWDs (83.2 ± 7.7 years, modified version of the mini-mental state examination = 13.2/30 ± 4.1) in an acute hospital dementia unit were involved. The mean MTED score was 13.02/30 ± 4.27; internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87) and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.96) were good. Principal component analysis revealed a one-factor structure with Eigen value > 1 (3.27), which explained 65.4% of the variance. MTED demonstrated good construct validity. The MTED total score correlated strongly with the combined items comprising Pleasure, Interest, Sadness, and Sustained attention of the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-being Observation Tool (rs = 0.88, p < 0.001). MTED is a clinically appropriate and psychometrically valid scale to evaluate music therapy engagement in PWDs.

Language and Literacy Development in Bilingual Settings. Challenges in Language and Literacy Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durgunoglu, Aydin Yucesan, Ed.; Goldenberg, Claude, Ed.

2010-01-01

Grounded in state-of-the-art research, this book explores how English language learners develop both the oral language and literacy skills necessary for school success. Chapters examine the cognitive bases of English acquisition, and how the process is different for children from alphabetic (such as Spanish) and nonalphabetic (such as Chinese)…

Chapter 2: Population status on breeding grounds

Treesearch

Robert M. Marshall

2000-01-01

In his review of the overall population status of the southwestern willow flycatcher, Unitt (1987) concluded that "Even if a few hundred pairs persist in New Mexico, the total population of the subspecies is well under 1000 pairs; I suspect 500 is more likely." Since Unitt's review, a substantial amount of information has been collected rangewide on the...

7 CFR 301.32-10 - Treatments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... alternative to treating fruits and vegetables as provided in part 305 of this chapter. These treatments must... aircraft or ground equipment at a rate of 2.4 oz of technical grade malathion and 9.6 oz of protein... rate of 0.01 oz of a USDA-approved spinosad formulation and 48 oz of protein hydrolysate per acre. For...

Promoting Change in Schools: Ground Level Practices That Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiles, Jon W.

This book rests on two major tenets. First, our way of looking at change in schools governs our ability to approach the process of changing. Second, most schools fail miserably at managing change, resulting in the pulling of many chains without much progress. The first of six chapters, "Understanding the Uniqueness of Schools," discusses the…

Controls on meadow distribution and characteristics [chapter 2

Treesearch

Dru Germanoski; Jerry R. Miller; Mark L. Lord

2011-01-01

Meadow complexes are located in distinct geomorphic and hydrologic settings that allow groundwater to be at or near the ground surface during at least part of the year. Meadows are manifestations of the subsurface flow system, and their distribution is controlled by factors that cause localized zones of groundwater discharge. Knowledge of the factors that serve as...

COST 728 Project Report: Urbanization of Meteorological and Air Quality Models - Chapter 5 - Model Urbanization Strategy: Summaries, Recommendations and Requirements

EPA Science Inventory

The urban canopy (UC), the layer of the atmosphere between the ground and the top of the highest buildings, is the region where people live and human activities take place. Because of this importance (e.g., human health, preservation of buildings) significant efforts have been d...

The Atlantic Alliance at 35. Foreign Policy Association Headline Series, No. 268.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DePorte, A. W.

One in a series of booklets whose purpose is to stimulate greater and more effective understanding of world affairs among Americans, this six-chapter report examines the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) first 35 years and probes the extent to which the alliance can find common ground on the perennial issues of military doctrine,…

The Mentor's Guide: Facilitating Effective Learning Relationships. The Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zachary, Lois J.

Intended for readers in the business world and in nonprofit and higher education settings, this guide offers a framework for informed mentoring practice. It combines discussion and exercises. Chapter 1 grounds the mentor's work in a learner-centered approach to mentoring and presents a mentoring paradigm consistent with andragogical principles and…

V. S. Lebedev and I. L. Beigman, Physics of Highly Excited Atoms and Ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mewe, R.

1999-07-01

This book contains a comprehensive description of the basic principles of the theoretical spectroscopy and experimental spectroscopic diagnostics of Rydberg atoms and ions, i.e., atoms in highly excited states with a very large principal quantum number (n≫1). Rydberg atoms are characterized by a number of peculiar physical properties as compared to atoms in the ground or a low excited state. They have a very small ionization potential (∝1/n2), the highly excited electron has a small orbital velocity (∝1/n), the radius (∝n2) is very large, the excited electron has a long orbital period (∝n3), and the radiation lifetime is very long (∝n3-5). At the same time the R. atom is very sensitive to perturbations from external fields in collisions with charged and neutral targets. In recent years, R. atoms have been observed in laboratory and cosmic conditions for n up to ˜1000, which means that the size amounts to about 0.1 mm, ˜106 times that of an atom in the ground state. The scope of this monograph is to familiarize the reader with today's approaches and methods for describing isolated R. atoms and ions, radiative transitions between highly excited states, and photoionization and photorecombination processes. The authors present a number of efficient methods for describing the structure and properties of R. atoms and calculating processes of collisions with neutral and charged particles as well as spectral-line broadening and shift of Rydberg atomic series in gases, cool and hot plasmas in laboratories and in astrophysical sources. Particular attention is paid to a comparison of theoretical results with available experimental data. The book contains 9 chapters. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the basic properties of R. atoms (ions), Chapter 2 is devoted to an account of general methods describing an isolated Rydberg atom. Chapter 3 is focussed on the recent achievements in calculations of form factors and dipole matrix elements of different types of bound-bound and bound-free radiative transitions. Chapter 4 concentrates on the formulation of basic theoretical methods and physical approaches to collisions involving R. atoms. Chapters 5 to 8 contain a systematic description of major directions and modern techniques in the collision theory of R. atoms and ions with atoms, molecules, electrons, and ions. Finally, Chapter 9 deals with the spectral-line broadening and shift of R. atomic series induced by collisions with neutral and charged particles. A subject index of four pages and 250 references are given. This monograph will be a basic tool and reference for all scientists working in the fields of plasma physics, spectroscopy, physics of electronic and atomic collisions, as well as astrophysics, radio astronomy, and space physics.

Inventory of File sref_nmb.t03z.pgrb132.p1.f06.grib2

Science.gov Websites

6 hour fcst Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 403 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW 6 hour fcst Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 404 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL 6 hour fcst Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 405 0.1-0.4 m below ground SOILW 6 hour fcst Volumetric Soil Moisture Content

Inventory of File sref_em.t03z.pgrb132.p1.f06.grib2

Science.gov Websites

6 hour fcst Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 402 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW 6 hour fcst Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 403 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL 6 hour fcst Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 404 0.1-0.4 m below ground SOILW 6 hour fcst Volumetric Soil Moisture Content

Inventory of File sref_nmm.t03z.pgrb132.p1.f06.grib2

Science.gov Websites

6 hour fcst Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 403 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW 6 hour fcst Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 404 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL 6 hour fcst Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 405 0.1-0.4 m below ground SOILW 6 hour fcst Volumetric Soil Moisture Content

Development and evaluation of clicker methodology for introductory physics courses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Albert H.

Many educators understand that lectures are cost effective but not learning efficient, so continue to search for ways to increase active student participation in this traditionally passive learning environment. In-class polling systems, or "clickers", are inexpensive and reliable tools allowing students to actively participate in lectures by answering multiple-choice questions. Students assess their learning in real time by observing instant polling summaries displayed in front of them. This in turn motivates additional discussions which increase the opportunity for active learning. We wanted to develop a comprehensive clicker methodology that creates an active lecture environment for a broad spectrum of students taking introductory physics courses. We wanted our methodology to incorporate many findings of contemporary learning science. It is recognized that learning requires active construction; students need to be actively involved in their own learning process. Learning also depends on preexisting knowledge; students construct new knowledge and understandings based on what they already know and believe. Learning is context dependent; students who have learned to apply a concept in one context may not be able to recognize and apply the same concept in a different context, even when both contexts are considered to be isomorphic by experts. On this basis, we developed question sequences, each involving the same concept but having different contexts. Answer choices are designed to address students preexisting knowledge. These sequences are used with the clickers to promote active discussions and multiple assessments. We have created, validated, and evaluated sequences sufficient in number to populate all of introductory physics courses. Our research has found that using clickers with our question sequences significantly improved student conceptual understanding. Our research has also found how to best measure student conceptual gain using research-based instruments. Finally, we discovered that students need to have full access to the question sequences after lectures to reap the maximum benefit. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to our research. Chapter 2 provides a literature review relevant for our research. Chapter 3 discusses the creation of the clicker question sequences. Chapter 4 provides a picture of the validation process involving both physics experts and the introductory physics students. Chapter 5 describes how the sequences have been used with clickers in lectures. Chapter 6 provides the evaluation of the effectiveness of the clicker methodology. Chapter 7 contains a brief summary of research results and conclusions.

SIMBIOS Normalized Water-Leaving Radiance Calibration and Validation: Sensor Response, Atmospheric Corrections, Stray Light and Sun Glint. Chapter 14

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, James L.

2001-01-01

This Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) contract supports acquisition of match up radiometric and bio-optical data for validation of Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and other ocean color satellites, and evaluation of uncertainty budgets and protocols for in situ measurements of normalized water leaving radiances.

Hydrogeologic Settings and Ground-Water Flow Simulations for Regional Studies of the Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants to Public-Supply Wells - Studies Begun in 2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paschke, Suzanne S.

2007-01-01

This study of the Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants to public-supply wells (TANC study) is being conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program and was designed to increase understanding of the most important factors to consider in ground-water vulnerability assessments. The seven TANC studies that began in 2001 used retrospective data and ground-water flow models to evaluate hydrogeologic variables that affect aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability at a regional scale. Ground-water flow characteristics, regional water budgets, pumping-well information, and water-quality data were compiled from existing data and used to develop conceptual models of ground-water conditions for each study area. Steady-state regional ground-water flow models were used to represent the conceptual models, and advective particle-tracking simulations were used to compute areas contributing recharge and traveltimes from recharge to selected public-supply wells. Retrospective data and modeling results were tabulated into a relational database for future analysis. Seven study areas were selected to evaluate a range of hydrogeologic settings and management practices across the Nation: the Salt Lake Valley, Utah; the Eagle Valley and Spanish Springs Valley, Nevada; the San Joaquin Valley, California; the Northern Tampa Bay region, Florida; the Pomperaug River Basin, Connecticut; the Great Miami River Basin, Ohio; and the Eastern High Plains, Nebraska. This Professional Paper Chapter presents the hydrogeologic settings and documents the ground-water flow models for each of the NAWQA TANC regional study areas that began work in 2001. Methods used to compile retrospective data, determine contributing areas of public-supply wells, and characterize oxidation-reduction (redox) conditions also are presented. This Professional Paper Chapter provides the foundation for future susceptibility and vulnerability analyses in the TANC study areas and comparisons among regional aquifer systems. The report is organized in sections. In addition to the introductory section (Section 1) are seven sections that present the hydrogeologic characterization and ground-water flow model documentation for each TANC regional study area (Sections 2 through 8). Abstracts in Sections 2 through 8 provide summaries and major findings for each regional study area.

Space Weather Products and Tools Used in Auroral Monitoring and Forecasting at CCMC/SWRC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zheng, Yihua; Rastaetter, Lutz

2015-01-01

Key points discussed in this chapter are (1) the importance of aurora research to scientific advances and space weather applications, (2) space weather products at CCMC that are relevant to aurora monitoring and forecasting, and (3) the need for more effort from the whole community to achieve a better and long-lead-time forecast of auroral activity. Aurora, as manifestations of solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling that occurs in a region of space that is relatively easy to access for sounding rockets, satellites, and other types of observational platforms, serves as a natural laboratory for studying the underlying physics of the complex system. From a space weather application perspective, auroras can cause surface charging of technological assets passing through the region, result in scintillation effects affecting communication and navigation, and cause radar cluttering that hinders military and civilian applications. Indirectly, an aurora and its currents can induce geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) on the ground, which poses major concerns for the wellbeing and operation of power grids, particularly during periods of intense geomagnetic activity. In addition, accurate auroral forecasting is desired for auroral tourism. In this chapter, we first review some of the existing auroral models and discuss past validation efforts. Such efforts are crucial in transitioning a model(s) from research to operations and for further model improvement and development that also benefits scientific endeavors. Then we will focus on products and tools that are used for auroral monitoring and forecasting at the Space Weather Research Center (SWRC). As part of the CCMC (Community Coordinated Modeling Center), SWRC has been providing space weather services since 2010.

Preschool Age Populations Research Needs - NCS Dietary Assessment Literature Review

Cancer.gov

Drawing conclusions from the validation studies on preschool populations discussed in this chapter is difficult because of the varied study designs, the relatively small study populations, and limited number of studies on each dietary assessment method.

Upscaling sparse ground-based soil moisture observations for the validation of satellite surface soil moisture products

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The contrast between the point-scale nature of current ground-based soil moisture instrumentation and the footprint resolution (typically >100 square kilometers) of satellites used to retrieve soil moisture poses a significant challenge for the validation of data products from satellite missions suc...

Construct Validity: Advances in Theory and Methodology

PubMed Central

Strauss, Milton E.; Smith, Gregory T.

2008-01-01

Measures of psychological constructs are validated by testing whether they relate to measures of other constructs as specified by theory. Each test of relations between measures reflects on the validity of both the measures and the theory driving the test. Construct validation concerns the simultaneous process of measure and theory validation. In this chapter, we review the recent history of validation efforts in clinical psychological science that has led to this perspective, and we review five recent advances in validation theory and methodology of importance for clinical researchers. These are: the emergence of nonjustificationist philosophy of science; an increasing appreciation for theory and the need for informative tests of construct validity; valid construct representation in experimental psychopathology; the need to avoid representing multidimensional constructs with a single score; and the emergence of effective new statistical tools for the evaluation of convergent and discriminant validity. PMID:19086835

Broadband Ground Motion Simulation Recipe for Scenario Hazard Assessment in Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koketsu, K.; Fujiwara, H.; Irikura, K.

2014-12-01

The National Seismic Hazard Maps for Japan, which consist of probabilistic seismic hazard maps (PSHMs) and scenario earthquake shaking maps (SESMs), have been published every year since 2005 by the Earthquake Research Committee (ERC) in the Headquarter for Earthquake Research Promotion, which was established in the Japanese government after the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The publication was interrupted due to problems in the PSHMs revealed by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, and the Subcommittee for Evaluations of Strong Ground Motions ('Subcommittee') has been examining the problems for two and a half years (ERC, 2013; Fujiwara, 2014). However, the SESMs and the broadband ground motion simulation recipe used in them are still valid at least for crustal earthquakes. Here, we outline this recipe and show the results of validation tests for it.Irikura and Miyake (2001) and Irikura (2004) developed a recipe for simulating strong ground motions from future crustal earthquakes based on a characterization of their source models (Irikura recipe). The result of the characterization is called a characterized source model, where a rectangular fault includes a few rectangular asperities. Each asperity and the background area surrounding the asperities have their own uniform stress drops. The Irikura recipe defines the parameters of the fault and asperities, and how to simulate broadband ground motions from the characterized source model. The recipe for the SESMs was constructed following the Irikura recipe (ERC, 2005). The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) then made simulation codes along this recipe to generate SESMs (Fujiwara et al., 2006; Morikawa et al., 2011). The Subcommittee in 2002 validated a preliminary version of the SESM recipe by comparing simulated and observed ground motions for the 2000 Tottori earthquake. In 2007 and 2008, the Subcommittee carried out detailed validations of the current version of the SESM recipe and the NIED codes using ground motions from the 2005 Fukuoka earthquake. Irikura and Miyake (2011) summarized the latter validations, concluding that the ground motions were successfully simulated as shown in the figure. This indicates that the recipe has enough potential to generate broadband ground motions for scenario hazard assessment in Japan.

Prototype of NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Ground Validation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwaller, M. R.; Morris, K. R.; Petersen, W. A.

2007-01-01

NASA is developing a Ground Validation System (GVS) as one of its contributions to the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM). The GPM GVS provides an independent means for evaluation, diagnosis, and ultimately improvement of GPM spaceborne measurements and precipitation products. NASA's GPM GVS consists of three elements: field campaigns/physical validation, direct network validation, and modeling and simulation. The GVS prototype of direct network validation compares Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite-borne radar data to similar measurements from the U.S. national network of operational weather radars. A prototype field campaign has also been conducted; modeling and simulation prototypes are under consideration.

106 17 Telemetry Standards Chapter 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-31

high frequency STC space -time code SOQPSK shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying UHF ultra- high frequency US&P United States...and Possessions VCO voltage-controlled oscillator VHF very- high frequency WCS Wireless Communication Service Telemetry Standards, RCC Standard...get interference. a. Telemetry Bands Air and space -to-ground telemetering is allocated in the ultra- high frequency (UHF) bands 1435 to 1535, 2200

The Historical and Social Context of U.S. Middle School Education a Practical Guidebook for School Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harley, Sue

2010-01-01

The six chapters in this research involve the history and development of middle schools from the early conceptions of junior high school to the ground breaking research by the Carnegie Foundation on changes in how young adolescent students develop, are taught and transitioned from elementary levels to high school. Professional literature reporting…

Design Research with Educational Systems: Investigating and Supporting Improvements in the Quality of Mathematics Teaching and Learning at Scale

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cobb, Paul; Jackson, Kara; Smith, Thomas; Sorum, Michael; Henrick, Erin

2013-01-01

This chapter describes a partnership with four urban districts that aimed to develop an empirically grounded theory of action for improving the quality of mathematics instruction at scale. Each year, we conducted a data collection, analysis, and feedback cycle in each district that involved documenting the district's improvement strategies,…

Chapter 1: Setting the Stage--Research into Physical Activity Relationships and Children's Progress toward Achievement of the National Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graber, Kim C.; Woods, Amelia Mays; Castelli, Darla M.

2007-01-01

Grounded in social cognitive and self-determination theory, one purpose of the large-scale investigation reported in this volume was to determine whether elementary-aged children (7-12 years old) are progressing toward attainment of the psychomotor assessments that have been recommended for predicting achievement of National Association for Sport…

Measurement and importance of dissolved organic carbon. Chapter 13

Treesearch

Randall Kolka; Peter Weishampel; Mats Froberg

2008-01-01

The flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from an ecosystem can be a significant component of carbon (C) budgets especially in watersheds containing wetlands. Although internal ecosystem cycling of DOC is generally greater than the fluxes to ground or surface waters, it is the transport out of the system that is a main research focus for carbon accounting. In...

PLANNED CHANGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH--FIGURE AND GROUND. CHAPTER 2, CHANGE PROCESSES IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MILES, MATTHEW B.

PLANNED CHANGE, CONDITIONED BY THE STATE OF THE SYSTEM IN WHICH IT OCCURS, MUST TAKE THE IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH AS A PRIMARY TARGET. THE HEALTHY SCHOOL SYSTEM IS ABLE TO FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY AND TO DEVELOP INTO A MORE FULLY FUNCTIONING SYSTEM. OF TEN ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH DIMENSIONS APPLICABLE TO SCHOOLS, THREE ARE TASK CENTERED…

Modified ground-truthing: an accurate and cost-effective food environment validation method for town and rural areas.

PubMed

Caspi, Caitlin Eicher; Friebur, Robin

2016-03-17

A major concern in food environment research is the lack of accuracy in commercial business listings of food stores, which are convenient and commonly used. Accuracy concerns may be particularly pronounced in rural areas. Ground-truthing or on-site verification has been deemed the necessary standard to validate business listings, but researchers perceive this process to be costly and time-consuming. This study calculated the accuracy and cost of ground-truthing three town/rural areas in Minnesota, USA (an area of 564 miles, or 908 km), and simulated a modified validation process to increase efficiency without comprising accuracy. For traditional ground-truthing, all streets in the study area were driven, while the route and geographic coordinates of food stores were recorded. The process required 1510 miles (2430 km) of driving and 114 staff hours. The ground-truthed list of stores was compared with commercial business listings, which had an average positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.57 and sensitivity of 0.62 across the three sites. Using observations from the field, a modified process was proposed in which only the streets located within central commercial clusters (the 1/8 mile or 200 m buffer around any cluster of 2 stores) would be validated. Modified ground-truthing would have yielded an estimated PPV of 1.00 and sensitivity of 0.95, and would have resulted in a reduction in approximately 88 % of the mileage costs. We conclude that ground-truthing is necessary in town/rural settings. The modified ground-truthing process, with excellent accuracy at a fraction of the costs, suggests a new standard and warrants further evaluation.

Environmental Effects on Volcanic Eruptions:From Deep Ocean to Deep Space. Chapter 3. Volcanism and Ice Interactions on Earth and Mars. Chapter 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, Mary G.; Allen, Carlton C.; Gudmundsson, Magnus T.; Gulick, Virginia C.; Jakobsson, Sveinn P.; Lucchitta, Baerbel K.; Skilling, Ian P.; Waitt, Richard B.

2000-01-01

CONCLUSION Volcano/ice interactions produce meltwater. Meltwater can enter the groundwater cycle and under the influence of hydrothermal systems, it can be later discharged to form channels and valleys or cycled upward to melt permafrost. Water or ice-saturated ground can erupt into phreatic craters when covered by lava. Violent mixing of meltwater and volcanic material and rapid release can generate lahars or jokulhlaups, that have the ability to freight coarse material, great distances downslope from the vent. Eruption into meltwater generate unique appearing edifices, that are definitive indicators of volcano/ice interaction. These features are hyaloclastic ridges or mounds and if capped by lava, tuyas. On Earth, volcano/ice interactions are limited to alpine regions and ice-capped polar and temperate regions. On Mars, where precipitation may be an ancient phenomenon, these interactions may be limited to areas of ground ice accumulation or the northern lowlands where water may have ponded fairly late in martian history. The recognition of features caused by volcano/ice interactions could provide strong constraints for the history of volatiles on Mars.

Ground-truth collections at the MTI core sites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garrett, Alfred J.; Kurzeja, Robert J.; Parker, Matthew J.; O'Steen, Byron L.; Pendergast, Malcolm M.; Villa-Aleman, Eliel

2001-08-01

The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) selected 13 sites across the continental US and one site in the western Pacific to serve as the primary or core site for collection of ground truth data for validation of MTI science algorithms. Imagery and ground truth data from several of these sites are presented in this paper. These sites are the Comanche Peak, Pilgrim and Turkey Point power plants, Ivanpah playas, Crater Lake, Stennis Space Center and the Tropical Western Pacific ARM site on the island of Nauru. Ground truth data includes water temperatures (bulk and skin), radiometric data, meteorological data and plant operating data. The organizations that manage these sites assist SRTC with its ground truth data collections and also give the MTI project a variety of ground truth measurements that they make for their own purposes. Collectively, the ground truth data from the 14 core sites constitute a comprehensive database for science algorithm validation.

The GPM Ground Validation Program: Pre to Post-Launch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petersen, W. A.

2014-12-01

NASA GPM Ground Validation (GV) activities have transitioned from the pre to post-launch era. Prior to launch direct validation networks and associated partner institutions were identified world-wide, covering a plethora of precipitation regimes. In the U.S. direct GV efforts focused on use of new operational products such as the NOAA Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor suite (MRMS) for TRMM validation and GPM radiometer algorithm database development. In the post-launch, MRMS products including precipitation rate, types and data quality are being routinely generated to facilitate statistical GV of instantaneous and merged GPM products. To assess precipitation column impacts on product uncertainties, range-gate to pixel-level validation of both Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and GPM microwave imager data are performed using GPM Validation Network (VN) ground radar and satellite data processing software. VN software ingests quality-controlled volumetric radar datasets and geo-matches those data to coincident DPR and radiometer level-II data. When combined MRMS and VN datasets enable more comprehensive interpretation of ground-satellite estimation uncertainties. To support physical validation efforts eight (one) field campaigns have been conducted in the pre (post) launch era. The campaigns span regimes from northern latitude cold-season snow to warm tropical rain. Most recently the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) took place in the mountains of North Carolina and involved combined airborne and ground-based measurements of orographic precipitation and hydrologic processes underneath the GPM Core satellite. One more U.S. GV field campaign (OLYMPEX) is planned for late 2015 and will address cold-season precipitation estimation, process and hydrology in the orographic and oceanic domains of western Washington State. Finally, continuous direct and physical validation measurements are also being conducted at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility multi-radar, gauge and disdrometer facility located in coastal Virginia. This presentation will summarize the evolution of the NASA GPM GV program from pre to post-launch eras and highlight early evaluations of GPM satellite datasets.

Training Guide for Observation and Interviewing in Marine Corps Task Analysis. Training Manual 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-08-01

McGraw- Hill Book Co., 1954. This is a comprehensive text that treats theory and sta- tistical operations in psychological testing . Chapter 14 deals...with reliability and validity of measures. -44- Reliabilitv and Validity (cont’d.) Cronbach, L., ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING , 2nd ed., New...Commandant of the Marine Corps (Code RD) And Monitored By Personnel and Training Research Programs Psychological Sciences Division Office of Naval

Design and Implementation of an Innovative Residential PV System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Najm, Elie Michel

This work focuses on the design and implementation of an innovative residential PV system. In chapter one, after an introduction related to the rapid growth of solar systems' installations, the most commonly used state of the art solar power electronics' configurations are discussed, which leads to introducing the proposed DC/DC parallel configuration. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the power electronics' configurations are deliberated. The scope of work in the power electronics is defined in this chapter to be related to the panel side DC/DC converter. System integration and mechanical proposals are also within the scope of work and are discussed in later chapters. Operation principle of a novel low cost PV converter is proposed in chapter 2. The proposal is based on an innovative, simplified analog implementation of a master/slave methodology resulting in an efficient, soft-switched interleaved variable frequency flybacks, operating in the boundary conduction mode (BCM). The scheme concept and circuit configuration, operation principle and theoretical waveforms, design equations, and design considerations are presented. Furthermore, design examples are also given, illustrating the significance of the newly derived frequency equation for flybacks operating in BCM. In chapters 3, 4, and 5, the design implementation and optimization of the novel DC/DC converter illustrated in chapter 2 are discussed. In chapter 3, a detailed variable frequency BCM flyback design model leading to optimizing the component selections and transformer design, detailed in chapter 4, is presented. Furthermore, in chapter 4, the method enabling the use of lower voltage rating switching devices is also discussed. In chapter 5, circuitry related to Start-UP, drive for the main switching devices, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) as well as turn OFF soft switching and interleaving control are fully detailed. The experimental results of the proposed DC/DC converter are presented in chapter 6. In chapter 7, a novel integration method is proposed for the residential PV solar system. The proposal presents solutions to challenges experimented in the implementation of today's approaches. Faster installation time, easier system grounding, and integration of the power electronics in order to reduce the number of connectors' and system cost are detailed. Installers with special skills as well as special tools are not required for implementing the proposed system integration. Photos of the experimental results related to the installation of a 3kW system, which was fully completed in less than an hour and a half, are also presented.

Application of triple collocation in ground-based validation of soil moisture active/passive (SMAP) level 2 data products

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The validation of the soil moisture retrievals from the recently-launched NASA Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) satellite is important prior to their full public release. Uncertainty in attempts to characterize footprint-scale surface-layer soil moisture using point-scale ground observations has ...

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation: Plans and Preparations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwaller, M.; Bidwell, S.; Durning, F. J.; Smith, E.

2004-01-01

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) program is an international partnership led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). GPM will improve climate, weather, and hydro-meteorological forecasts through more frequent and more accurate measurement of precipitation across the globe. This paper describes the concept, the planning, and the preparations for Ground Validation within the GPM program. Ground Validation (GV) plays an important role in the program by investigating and quantitatively assessing the errors within the satellite retrievals. These quantitative estimates of retrieval errors will assist the scientific community by bounding the errors within their research products. The two fundamental requirements of the GPM Ground Validation program are: (1) error characterization of the precipitation retrievals and (2) continual improvement of the satellite retrieval algorithms. These two driving requirements determine the measurements, instrumentation, and location for ground observations. This paper outlines GV plans for estimating the systematic and random components of retrieval error and for characterizing the spatial p d temporal structure of the error and plans for algorithm improvement in which error models are developed and experimentally explored to uncover the physical causes of errors within the retrievals. This paper discusses NASA locations for GV measurements as well as anticipated locations from international GPM partners. NASA's primary locations for validation measurements are an oceanic site at Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and a continental site in north-central Oklahoma at the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program site.

Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit. AOAC Performance Tested Method(SM) 021203.

PubMed

Li, Jun; Cheung, Win Den; Opdyke, Jason; Harvey, John; Chong, Songchun; Moon, Cheol Gon

2012-01-01

Salmonella, one of the most common causes of foodborne illness, is a significant public health concern worldwide. There is a need in the food industry for methods that are simple, rapid, and sensitive for the detection of foodborne pathogens. In this study, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit, a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Salmonella, was evaluated according to the current AOAC guidelines. The validation consisted of lot-to-lot consistency, stability, robustness, and inclusivity/exclusivity studies, as well as a method comparison of 10 different food matrixes. In the validation, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit was used in conjunction with the Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus PCR system and the Samsung Food Testing Software for the detection of Salmonella species. The performance of the assays was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service-Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (USDA/FSIS-MLG) 4.05: Isolation and Identification of Salmonella from Meat, Poultry, Pasteurized Egg, and Catfish and the and U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) Chapter 5 Salmonella reference methods. The validation was conducted using an unpaired study design for detection of Salmonella spp. in raw ground beef, raw pork, raw ground pork, raw chicken wings, raw salmon, alfalfa sprouts, pasteurized orange juice, peanut butter, pasteurized whole milk, and shell eggs. The Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit demonstrated lot-to-lot consistency among three independent lots as well as ruggedness with minor modifications to changes in enrichment incubation time, enrichment incubation temperature, and DNA sample volume for PCR reaction. Stability was observed for 13 months at -20 degrees C and 3 months at 5 degrees C. For the inclusivity/exclusivity study, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit correctly identified 147 Salmonella species isolates out of 147 isolates tested from each of three different enrichment broths (a total of 441 isolates detected), and correctly excluded all 31 nontarget strains analyzed. For the method comparison, statistical analysis was conducted according to the Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square formula for unpaired test portions, and there was no significant difference in the number of positive samples detected between the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit and the USDA/FSIS-MLG and FDA/BAM reference methods for all 10 food matrixes.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barnes, Charles Ashley

In Chapter 2 several experimental and data analysis methods used in this thesis are described. In Chapter 3 steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the concentration of the efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a, in the feces of animals and it was found that their levels far exceed those reported to be inhibitory to efflux pumps. In Chapter 4 the solvation dynamics of 6-Propionyl-2-(N,Ndimethyl) aminonaphthalene (PRODAN) was studied in reverse micelles. The two fluorescent states of PRODAN solvate on different time scales and as such care must be exercised in solvation dynamic studies involving it andmore » its analogs. In Chapter 5 we studied the experimental and theoretical solvation dynamics of coumarin 153 (C153) in wild-type (WT) and modified myoglobins. Based on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence studies, we have concluded that it is important to thoroughly characterize the structure of a protein and probe system before comparing the theoretical and experimental results. In Chapter 6 the photophysical and spectral properties of a derivative of the medically relevant compound curcumin called cyclocurcumin was studied. Based on NMR, fluorescence, and absorption studies, the ground- and excited-states of cyclocurcumin are complicated by the existence of multiple structural isomers. In Chapter 7 the hydrolysis of cellulose by a pure form of cellulase in an ionic liquid, HEMA, and its aqueous mixtures at various temperatures were studied with the goal of increasing the cellulose to glucose conversion for biofuel production. It was found that HEMA imparts an additional stability to cellulase and can allow for faster conversion of cellulose to glucose using a pre-treatment step in comparison to only buffer.« less

Validation of Broadband Ground Motion Simulations for Japanese Crustal Earthquakes by the Recipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iwaki, A.; Maeda, T.; Morikawa, N.; Miyake, H.; Fujiwara, H.

2015-12-01

The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP) of Japan has organized the broadband ground motion simulation method into a standard procedure called the "recipe" (HERP, 2009). In the recipe, the source rupture is represented by the characterized source model (Irikura and Miyake, 2011). The broadband ground motion time histories are computed by a hybrid approach: the 3-D finite-difference method (Aoi et al. 2004) and the stochastic Green's function method (Dan and Sato, 1998; Dan et al. 2000) for the long- (> 1　s) and short-period (< 1 s) components, respectively, using the 3-D velocity structure model. As the engineering significance of scenario earthquake ground motion prediction is increasing, thorough verification and validation are required for the simulation methods. This study presents the self-validation of the recipe for two MW6.6 crustal events in Japan, the 2000 Tottori and 2004 Chuetsu (Niigata) earthquakes. We first compare the simulated velocity time series with the observation. Main features of the velocity waveforms, such as the near-fault pulses and the large later phases on deep sediment sites are well reproduced by the simulations. Then we evaluate 5% damped pseudo acceleration spectra (PSA) in the framework of the SCEC Broadband Platform (BBP) validation (Dreger et al. 2015). The validation results are generally acceptable in the period range 0.1 - 10 s, whereas those in the shortest period range (0.01-0.1 s) are less satisfactory. We also evaluate the simulations with the 1-D velocity structure models used in the SCEC BBP validation exercise. Although the goodness-of-fit parameters for PSA do not significantly differ from those for the 3-D velocity structure model, noticeable differences in velocity waveforms are observed. Our results suggest the importance of 1) well-constrained 3-D velocity structure model for broadband ground motion simulations and 2) evaluation of time series of ground motion as well as response spectra.

Integrity Is More than Validity: Seeking Credible, Usable, and Ethical Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rallis, Sharon F.; Lawrence, Rachael B.

2017-01-01

This chapter introduces integrity and use as central concepts for judging research quality. Analyzing an illustrative case through the NRC Guiding Principles for Education Research and Terenzini's tiers of intelligence, we demonstrate the centrality of research integrity to use.

21 CFR 1311.100 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... pharmacy may process electronic prescriptions for controlled substances only if all of the following conditions are met: (1) The pharmacy uses a pharmacy application that meets all of the applicable... pharmacy, specified in part 1306 of this chapter, to ensure the validity of a controlled substance...

46 CFR 91.20-15 - Scope of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... appliances, fire-detecting and extinguishing equipment, pilot boarding equipment, pollution prevention... accordance with approved plans, and determine that the vessel is in possession of a valid certificate issued... applicable regulations in subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter. For example, fire-detecting...

46 CFR 91.20-15 - Scope of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... appliances, fire-detecting and extinguishing equipment, pilot boarding equipment, pollution prevention... accordance with approved plans, and determine that the vessel is in possession of a valid certificate issued... applicable regulations in subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter. For example, fire-detecting...

46 CFR 91.20-15 - Scope of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... appliances, fire-detecting and extinguishing equipment, pilot boarding equipment, pollution prevention... accordance with approved plans, and determine that the vessel is in possession of a valid certificate issued... applicable regulations in subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter. For example, fire-detecting...

46 CFR 91.20-15 - Scope of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... appliances, fire-detecting and extinguishing equipment, pilot boarding equipment, pollution prevention... accordance with approved plans, and determine that the vessel is in possession of a valid certificate issued... applicable regulations in subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter. For example, fire-detecting...

46 CFR 91.20-15 - Scope of inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... appliances, fire-detecting and extinguishing equipment, pilot boarding equipment, pollution prevention... accordance with approved plans, and determine that the vessel is in possession of a valid certificate issued... applicable regulations in subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter. For example, fire-detecting...

Double-Pulsed 2-Micrometer Lidar Validation for Atmospheric CO2 Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, Upendra N.; Refaat, Tamer F.; Yu, Jirong; Petros, Mulugeta; Remus, Ruben

2015-01-01

A double-pulsed, 2-micron Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar instrument for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements is successfully developed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). Based on direct detection technique, the instrument can be operated on ground or onboard a small aircraft. Key features of this compact, rugged and reliable IPDA lidar includes high transmitted laser energy, wavelength tuning, switching and locking, and sensitive detection. As a proof of concept, the IPDA ground and airborne CO2 measurement and validation will be presented. IPDA lidar CO2 measurements ground validation were conducted at NASA LaRC using hard targets and a calibrated in-situ sensor. Airborne validation, conducted onboard the NASA B-200 aircraft, included CO2 plum detection from power stations incinerators, comparison to in-flight CO2 in-situ sensor and comparison to air sampling at different altitude conducted by NOAA at the same site. Airborne measurements, spanning for 20 hours, were obtained from different target conditions. Ground targets included soil, vegetation, sand, snow and ocean. In addition, cloud slicing was examined over the ocean. These flight validations were conducted at different altitudes, up to 7 km, with different wavelength controlled weighing functions. CO2 measurement results agree with modeling conducted through the different sensors, as will be discussed.

Extension and Validation of a Hybrid Particle-Finite Element Method for Hypervelocity Impact Simulation. Chapter 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fahrenthold, Eric P.; Shivarama, Ravishankar

2004-01-01

The hybrid particle-finite element method of Fahrenthold and Horban, developed for the simulation of hypervelocity impact problems, has been extended to include new formulations of the particle-element kinematics, additional constitutive models, and an improved numerical implementation. The extended formulation has been validated in three dimensional simulations of published impact experiments. The test cases demonstrate good agreement with experiment, good parallel speedup, and numerical convergence of the simulation results.

Ground and Space Radar Volume Matching and Comparison Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, Kenneth; Schwaller, Mathew

2010-01-01

This software enables easy comparison of ground- and space-based radar observations. The software was initially designed to compare ground radar reflectivity from operational, ground based Sand C-band meteorological radars with comparable measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite s Precipitation Radar (PR) instrument. The software is also applicable to other ground-based and space-based radars. The ground and space radar volume matching and comparison software was developed in response to requirements defined by the Ground Validation System (GVS) of Goddard s Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) project. This software innovation is specifically concerned with simplifying the comparison of ground- and spacebased radar measurements for the purpose of GPM algorithm and data product validation. This software is unique in that it provides an operational environment to routinely create comparison products, and uses a direct geometric approach to derive common volumes of space- and ground-based radar data. In this approach, spatially coincident volumes are defined by the intersection of individual space-based Precipitation Radar rays with the each of the conical elevation sweeps of the ground radar. Thus, the resampled volume elements of the space and ground radar reflectivity can be directly compared to one another.

Attitude change: persuasion and social influence.

PubMed

Wood, W

2000-01-01

This chapter reviews empirical and theoretical developments in research on social influence and message-based persuasion. The review emphasizes research published during the period from 1996-1998. Across these literatures, three central motives have been identified that generate attitude change and resistance. These involve concerns with the self, with others and the rewards/punishments they can provide, and with a valid understanding of reality. The motives have implications for information processing and for attitude change in public and private contexts. Motives in persuasion also have been investigated in research on attitude functions and cognitive dissonance theory. In addition, the chapter reviews the relatively unique aspects of each literature: In persuasion, it considers the cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying attitude change, especially dual-mode processing models, recipients' affective reactions, and biased processing. In social influence, the chapter considers how attitudes are embedded in social relations, including social identity theory and majority/minority group influence.

Gaia DR2 documentation Chapter 3: Astrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hobbs, D.; Lindegren, L.; Bastian, U.; Klioner, S.; Butkevich, A.; Stephenson, C.; Hernandez, J.; Lammers, U.; Bombrun, A.; Mignard, F.; Altmann, M.; Davidson, M.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; Fernández-Hernández, J.; Siddiqui, H.; Utrilla Molina, E.

2018-04-01

This chapter of the Gaia DR2 documentation describes the models and processing steps used for the astrometric core solution, namely, the Astrometric Global Iterative Solution (AGIS). The inputs to this solution rely heavily on the basic observables (or astrometric elementaries) which have been pre-processed and discussed in Chapter 2, the results of which were published in Fabricius et al. (2016). The models consist of reference systems and time scales; assumed linear stellar motion and relativistic light deflection; in addition to fundamental constants and the transformation of coordinate systems. Higher level inputs such as: planetary and solar system ephemeris; Gaia tracking and orbit information; initial quasar catalogues and BAM data are all needed for the processing described here. The astrometric calibration models are outlined followed by the details processing steps which give AGIS its name. We also present a basic quality assessment and validation of the scientific results (for details, see Lindegren et al. 2018).

Fundamentals of Condensed Matter Physics Marvin L. Cohen and Steven G. Louie

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Devanathan, Ram

This graduate level textbook on Condensed Matter Physics is written lucidly by two leading luminaries in this field. The volume draws its material from the graduate course in condensed matter physics that has been offered by the authors for several decades at the University of California, Berkeley. Cohen and Louie have done an admirable job of guiding the reader gradually from elementary concepts to advanced topics. The book is divided into four main parts that have four chapters each. Chapter 1 presents models of solids in terms of interacting atoms, which is appropriate for the ground state, and excitations tomore » describe collective effects. Chapter 2 deals with the properties of electrons in crystalline materials. The authors introduce the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and then proceed to the periodic potential approximation. Chapter 3 discusses energy bands in materials and covers concepts from the free electron model to the tight binding model and periodic boundary conditions. Chapter 4 starts with fixed atomic cores and introduces lattice vibrations, phonons, and the concept of density of states. By the end of this part, the student should have a basic understanding of electrons and phonons in materials. Part II presents electron dynamics and the response of materials to external probes. Chapter 5 covers the effective Hamiltonian approximation and the motion of the electron under a perturbation, such as an external field. The discussion moves to many-electron interactions and the exchange-correlation energy in Chapter 6, the widely-used Density Functional Theory (DFT) in chapter 7, and the dielectric response function in Chapter 8. The next two parts of the book cover advanced topics. Part III begins with a discussion of the response of materials to photons in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 goes into the details of electron-phonon interactions in different materials and introduces the polaron. Chapter 11 presents electron dynamics in a magnetic field and Chapter 12 discusses electrical and thermal transport in materials. Part IV takes the reader further into many body effects, superconductivity, and nanoscale materials. The authors introduce Feynman diagrams and many-body perturbation theory in Chapter 13, theories of superconductivity in Chapter 14, magnetism in Chapter 15, and low dimensional systems in Chapter 16. The first two parts are required reading for the beginner planning to perform DFT calculations. The advanced student interested in conducting research in condensed matter physics will benefit from continuing on to the last two parts. There is a set of problems at the end of each part. The narrative is aided by equations and detailed figures. References at the end of the book direct the reader to relevant books and review articles for each chapter. The inside covers include a periodic table and a useful list of fundamental physical constants. The authors present the underlying mathematics elegantly, which makes the textbook quite readable for those with a good mathematical background. Students lacking a firm footing in math will find the terrain rough after Chapter 1. This field has seen many good undergraduate textbooks including those by Kittel and by Ashcroft and Mermin. This volume fills the need for a rigorous graduate level textbook, and is a required addition to the bookshelf of every condensed matter physicist. Cohen and Louie have brought refreshing clarity to a challenging subject and made it eminently accessible to the motivated student.« less

Study Guide for a Beginning Course in Ground-Water Hydrology: Part 1 -- Course Participants

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

and Lonnquist, 1971 , fig. 7.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Vector areas associated with branches in a square-mesh finite...water reservoir. (From Bennett and Giusti, 1971 .). 112 Location and general geographic features of Long Island, New York. (From Franke and...Techniques of Water- Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 2, Chapter Fl, 97 p. Stallman, R. W., 1971 , Aquifer-test design

Ground-based Opportunities for Astrometry

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

those stars (Dinescu eta/. 2005) leads to a measurement of the tangential velocity of the Sagittarius dwarf and a definitive orbit. Several other...Currently accepted Lambda cold-dark-matter (CDM) cosmological models (see also Chapter 28) predict several hundred merging dwarf galaxies within 1...nination of tations with I) diagrams. o parallaxes lial velocity tarius dwarf of possible eta/. 2005) a definitive ttion of their uti on. :Is

It is Time the United States Air Force Changes the way it Feeds its Airmen

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

narrative , phenomenology , ethnography , case study , and grounded theory . In purpose, these strategies are...methodology) the research will be analyzed. Methodology A qualitative research methodology and specifically a case study strategy for the...well as theory building in chapter five . Finally, in regards to reliability, Yin’s (2003) case study protocol guidance was used as a means to

Department of Defense Spacelift in a Fiscally Constrained Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-16

or space operations. Space weather may impact spacecraft and ground-based systems. Space weather is influenced by phenomena such as solar flare...shareholders included Rocket and Science Corporation Energia (Russian- based company), a Norwegian shipbuilder, and two Ukrainian rocket firms (Hennigan...Hennigan 2011b). In October 2010, Sea Launch AG emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection as a result of Rocket and Science Corporation Energia

Seismic Study of Tremor, Deep Long-Period Earthquakes, and Basin Amplification of Ground Motion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Jiangang

In this thesis, we use seismic data and seismological tools to investigate three topics, (1) triggering between slow slip (tremor as proxy) and nearby small earthquakes, (2) mechanisms of deep-long period earthquakes beneath Mount St. Helens, and (3) ground motion amplification in Seattle Basin. In Chapter 1, we investigate 12-year earthquake and tremor catalogs for southwest Japan, and find nearby small intraslab earthquakes are weakly correlated with tremor. In particular, intraslab earthquakes tend to be followed by tremor more often than expected at random, while the excess number of tremor before earthquakes is not as significant. The underlying triggering mechanism of tremor and inferred slow slip by earthquakes is most likely to be the dynamic stress changes (several to several tens of kPa) rather than the much smaller static stress changes. In Chapter 2, we use the catalog DLPs as templates to search for repeating events at Mount St. Helens (MSH). We have detected 277 DLPs, compared to only 22 events previously in the catalog from 2007 to 2016. Three templates from the catalog are single events, while all other templates produced matches, identifying loci of repeated activity. Overall, the detected DLPs show no significant correlation with either the subduction zone tremor and slow slip (ETS) west of MSH, or the shallow seismicity. Temporal analysis shows an elevated rate of DLPs at time of compressional tidal stress, suggesting their possible association with magmatic and/or fluid activity. We observed variable S wave polarization of the DLPs from the most productive DLP source region, indicating their source mechanisms are not identical. In Chapter 3, we use noise correlation to retrieve the empirical green's functions (EGFs) in Seattle Basin. Consistent amplitudes measured from noise EGFs, teleseismic S wave and numerical simulations all suggest the usefulness of the amplitude of EGFs. For surface wave with period of 5-10 sec propagating from west to east, the ground motion is amplified by a factor of up to 3 within the basin. The bias of EGFs from noise heterogeneity and uncertainties of synthetics due to inaccuracy of velocity model are still to be investigated.

Navigating the patent landscapes for nanotechnology: English gardens or tangled grounds?

PubMed

Sylvester, Douglas J; Bowman, Diana M

2011-01-01

The patent landscape, like a garden, can tell you much about its designers and users: their motivations, biases, and general interests. While both patent landscapes and gardens may appear to the casual observer as refined and ordered, an in-depth exploration of the terrain is likely to reveal unforeseen challenges including, for example, alien species, thickets, and trolls. As this chapter illustrates, patent landscapes are dynamic and have been forced to continually evolve in response to technological innovation. While emerging technologies such as biotechnology and information communication technology have challenged the traditional patent landscape, the overarching framework and design have largely remained intact. But will this always be the case? The aim of this chapter is to highlight how nanotechnology is challenging the existing structures and underlying foundation of the patent landscape and the implications thereof for the technology, industry, and public more generally. The chapter concludes by asking the question whether the current patent landscape will be able to withstand the ubiquitous nature of the technology, or whether nanotechnology will be a catalyst for governments and policy makers for overhauling the current landscape design.

Application of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to ground subsidence hazard mapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Inhye; Choi, Jaewon; Jin Lee, Moung; Lee, Saro

2012-11-01

We constructed hazard maps of ground subsidence around abandoned underground coal mines (AUCMs) in Samcheok City, Korea, using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a geographical information system (GIS). To evaluate the factors related to ground subsidence, a spatial database was constructed from topographic, geologic, mine tunnel, land use, and ground subsidence maps. An attribute database was also constructed from field investigations and reports on existing ground subsidence areas at the study site. Five major factors causing ground subsidence were extracted: (1) depth of drift; (2) distance from drift; (3) slope gradient; (4) geology; and (5) land use. The adaptive ANFIS model with different types of membership functions (MFs) was then applied for ground subsidence hazard mapping in the study area. Two ground subsidence hazard maps were prepared using the different MFs. Finally, the resulting ground subsidence hazard maps were validated using the ground subsidence test data which were not used for training the ANFIS. The validation results showed 95.12% accuracy using the generalized bell-shaped MF model and 94.94% accuracy using the Sigmoidal2 MF model. These accuracy results show that an ANFIS can be an effective tool in ground subsidence hazard mapping. Analysis of ground subsidence with the ANFIS model suggests that quantitative analysis of ground subsidence near AUCMs is possible.

Effective Lagrangians and Current Algebra in Three Dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferretti, Gabriele

In this thesis we study three dimensional field theories that arise as effective Lagrangians of quantum chromodynamics in Minkowski space with signature (2,1) (QCD3). In the first chapter, we explain the method of effective Langrangians and the relevance of current algebra techniques to field theory. We also provide the physical motivations for the study of QCD3 as a toy model for confinement and as a theory of quantum antiferromagnets (QAF). In chapter two, we derive the relevant effective Lagrangian by studying the low energy behavior of QCD3, paying particular attention to how the global symmetries are realized at the quantum level. In chapter three, we show how baryons arise as topological solitons of the effective Lagrangian and also show that their statistics depends on the number of colors as predicted by the quark model. We calculate mass splitting and magnetic moments of the soliton and find logarithmic corrections to the naive quark model predictions. In chapter four, we drive the current algebra of the theory. We find that the current algebra is a co -homologically non-trivial generalization of Kac-Moody algebras to three dimensions. This fact may provide a new, non -perturbative way to quantize the theory. In chapter five, we discuss the renormalizability of the model in the large-N expansion. We prove the validity of the non-renormalization theorem and compute the critical exponents in a specific limiting case, the CP^ {N-1} model with a Chern-Simons term. Finally, chapter six contains some brief concluding remarks.

Ground water investigations in Utah to June 30, 1936: A part of Chapter 8 in Twentieth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1935-1936

USGS Publications Warehouse

Taylor, G.H.; Thomas, H.E.

1936-01-01

During the past few years of drouth the importance of ground-water supplies has become more fully appreciated. During this time, because of subnormal replenishment of the ground-water reservoirs and the increased withdrawals from wells, the ground-water levels have declined in most developed areas in the State, a condition which has made the well owners acutely aware that ground water is not inexhaustible. Numerous cases of contention between well owners resulted in increased demands for adequate regulation of the appropriation and use of ground water. Realizing that more information concerning the ground water of the State was imperative, not only to administer the ground-water regulations but to prepare for the conservation and replenishment of existing supplies and development of new supplies, the State Legislature enacted, during its 1935 session, Senate Bill 206, which authorized the State Engineer to make an investigation of the ground water of the State. To provide for the expenses of the investigation, the bill allotted /$10,000 to the State Engineer, this sum to be matched by a State or Federal organization, and the investigation to be carried out co-operatively during the biennium beginning July 1, 1935. A co-operative agreement between the State Engineer and the United States Geological Survey was made on July 1, 1935.

Subscale Validation of the Subsurface Active Filtration of Exhaust (SAFE) Approach to the NTP Ground Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall, William M.; Borowski, Stanley K.; Bulman, Mel; Joyner, Russell; Martin, Charles R.

2015-01-01

Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) has been recognized as an enabling technology for missions to Mars and beyond. However, one of the key challenges of developing a nuclear thermal rocket is conducting verification and development tests on the ground. A number of ground test options are presented, with the Sub-surface Active Filtration of Exhaust (SAFE) method identified as a preferred path forward for the NTP program. The SAFE concept utilizes the natural soil characteristics present at the Nevada National Security Site to provide a natural filter for nuclear rocket exhaust during ground testing. A validation method of the SAFE concept is presented, utilizing a non-nuclear sub-scale hydrogen/oxygen rocket seeded with detectible radioisotopes. Additionally, some alternative ground test concepts, based upon the SAFE concept, are presented. Finally, an overview of the ongoing discussions of developing a ground test campaign are presented.

40 CFR 96.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and...

40 CFR 96.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and...

40 CFR 96.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and...

40 CFR 96.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and...

40 CFR 96.172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and...

40 CFR 96.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... the Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data...

40 CFR 96.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... the Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data...

40 CFR 96.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... the Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data...

40 CFR 96.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... the Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data...

40 CFR 96.372 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D or... the Administrator revokes prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data...

Model Based Optimal Control, Estimation, and Validation of Lithium-Ion Batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perez, Hector Eduardo

This dissertation focuses on developing and experimentally validating model based control techniques to enhance the operation of lithium ion batteries, safely. An overview of the contributions to address the challenges that arise are provided below. Chapter 1: This chapter provides an introduction to battery fundamentals, models, and control and estimation techniques. Additionally, it provides motivation for the contributions of this dissertation. Chapter 2: This chapter examines reference governor (RG) methods for satisfying state constraints in Li-ion batteries. Mathematically, these constraints are formulated from a first principles electrochemical model. Consequently, the constraints explicitly model specific degradation mechanisms, such as lithium plating, lithium depletion, and overheating. This contrasts with the present paradigm of limiting measured voltage, current, and/or temperature. The critical challenges, however, are that (i) the electrochemical states evolve according to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, and (ii) the states are not physically measurable. Assuming available state and parameter estimates, this chapter develops RGs for electrochemical battery models. The results demonstrate how electrochemical model state information can be utilized to ensure safe operation, while simultaneously enhancing energy capacity, power, and charge speeds in Li-ion batteries. Chapter 3: Complex multi-partial differential equation (PDE) electrochemical battery models are characterized by parameters that are often difficult to measure or identify. This parametric uncertainty influences the state estimates of electrochemical model-based observers for applications such as state-of-charge (SOC) estimation. This chapter develops two sensitivity-based interval observers that map bounded parameter uncertainty to state estimation intervals, within the context of electrochemical PDE models and SOC estimation. Theoretically, this chapter extends the notion of interval observers to PDE models using a sensitivity-based approach. Practically, this chapter quantifies the sensitivity of battery state estimates to parameter variations, enabling robust battery management schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed sensitivity-based interval observers is verified via a numerical study for the range of uncertain parameters. Chapter 4: This chapter seeks to derive insight on battery charging control using electrochemistry models. Directly using full order complex multi-partial differential equation (PDE) electrochemical battery models is difficult and sometimes impossible to implement. This chapter develops an approach for obtaining optimal charge control schemes, while ensuring safety through constraint satisfaction. An optimal charge control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled reduced order electrochemical-thermal model which conserves key electrochemical and thermal state information. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau (LGR) pseudo-spectral method with adaptive multi-mesh-interval collocation is employed to solve the resulting nonlinear multi-state optimal control problem. Minimum time charge protocols are analyzed in detail subject to solid and electrolyte phase concentration constraints, as well as temperature constraints. The optimization scheme is examined using different input current bounds, and an insight on battery design for fast charging is provided. Experimental results are provided to compare the tradeoffs between an electrochemical-thermal model based optimal charge protocol and a traditional charge protocol. Chapter 5: Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This chapter proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multi-objective optimal control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled electro-thermal-aging battery model, where electrical and aging sub-models depend upon the core temperature captured by a two-state thermal sub-model. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau (LGR) pseudo-spectral method with adaptive multi-mesh-interval collocation is employed to solve the resulting highly nonlinear six-state optimal control problem. Charge time and health degradation are therefore optimally traded off, subject to both electrical and thermal constraints. Minimum-time, minimum-aging, and balanced charge scenarios are examined in detail. Sensitivities to the upper voltage bound, ambient temperature, and cooling convection resistance are investigated as well. Experimental results are provided to compare the tradeoffs between a balanced and traditional charge protocol. Chapter 6: This chapter provides concluding remarks on the findings of this dissertation and a discussion of future work.

Local figure-ground cues are valid for natural images.

PubMed

Fowlkes, Charless C; Martin, David R; Malik, Jitendra

2007-06-08

Figure-ground organization refers to the visual perception that a contour separating two regions belongs to one of the regions. Recent studies have found neural correlates of figure-ground assignment in V2 as early as 10-25 ms after response onset, providing strong support for the role of local bottom-up processing. How much information about figure-ground assignment is available from locally computed cues? Using a large collection of natural images, in which neighboring regions were assigned a figure-ground relation by human observers, we quantified the extent to which figural regions locally tend to be smaller, more convex, and lie below ground regions. Our results suggest that these Gestalt cues are ecologically valid, and we quantify their relative power. We have also developed a simple bottom-up computational model of figure-ground assignment that takes image contours as input. Using parameters fit to natural image statistics, the model is capable of matching human-level performance when scene context limited.

Helicopter simulation validation using flight data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Key, D. L.; Hansen, R. S.; Cleveland, W. B.; Abbott, W. Y.

1982-01-01

A joint NASA/Army effort to perform a systematic ground-based piloted simulation validation assessment is described. The best available mathematical model for the subject helicopter (UH-60A Black Hawk) was programmed for real-time operation. Flight data were obtained to validate the math model, and to develop models for the pilot control strategy while performing mission-type tasks. The validated math model is to be combined with motion and visual systems to perform ground based simulation. Comparisons of the control strategy obtained in flight with that obtained on the simulator are to be used as the basis for assessing the fidelity of the results obtained in the simulator.

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series. Volume 42; Satellite Primary Productivity Data and Algorithm Development: A Science Plan for Mission to Planet Earth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Falkowski, Paul G.; Behrenfeld, Michael J.; Esaias, Wayne E.; Balch, William; Campbell, Janet W.; Iverson, Richard L.; Kiefer, Dale A.; Morel, Andre; Yoder, James A.; Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor);

Developing Thermal Density Functional Theory Using the Asymmetric Hubbard Dimer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Justin Clifford

In this dissertation, I introduce both ground-state and thermal density functional theory. Throughout I use the asymmetric two-site Hubbard model, called the Hubbard dimer for short, to better understand and/or develop these theories. This model is used because it can be solved analytically and it contains all the necessary physics while still being conceptually simple enough to tease apart the various aspects of density functional theory. Ground-state density functional theory has seen broad use in many disciplines including physics, chemistry, geology, and material science and has led to a number of important physical and technological successes. In the first two chapters I elucidate the behavior of the ground-state theory using the Hubbard dimer. The simplicity of the model allows me to showcase aspects of the theory that are common points of confusion within the electronic structure community, e.g. the fundamental gap problem. The next two chapters focus on thermal density functional theory which has been coming to prominence as the study of warm dense matter has become a growing interest at the national laboratories and in the astronomical body community. The Hubbard dimer allows me to do the first ever exact thermal density functional theory calculation. In this work I am better able to understand the approximations used in thermal density functional theory and can point to why they succeed and fail. This also allows me to illustrate old conditions and derive new ones. I conclude with an overview of the work and a few different directions in which the asymmetric Hubbard dimer could be used further.

GPM Ground Validation: Pre to Post-Launch Era

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petersen, Walt; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail; Huffman, George

2015-04-01

NASA GPM Ground Validation (GV) activities have transitioned from the pre to post-launch era. Prior to launch direct validation networks and associated partner institutions were identified world-wide, covering a plethora of precipitation regimes. In the U.S. direct GV efforts focused on use of new operational products such as the NOAA Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor suite (MRMS) for TRMM validation and GPM radiometer algorithm database development. In the post-launch, MRMS products including precipitation rate, accumulation, types and data quality are being routinely generated to facilitate statistical GV of instantaneous (e.g., Level II orbit) and merged (e.g., IMERG) GPM products. Toward assessing precipitation column impacts on product uncertainties, range-gate to pixel-level validation of both Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and GPM microwave imager data are performed using GPM Validation Network (VN) ground radar and satellite data processing software. VN software ingests quality-controlled volumetric radar datasets and geo-matches those data to coincident DPR and radiometer level-II data. When combined MRMS and VN datasets enable more comprehensive interpretation of both ground and satellite-based estimation uncertainties. To support physical validation efforts eight (one) field campaigns have been conducted in the pre (post) launch era. The campaigns span regimes from northern latitude cold-season snow to warm tropical rain. Most recently the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) took place in the mountains of North Carolina and involved combined airborne and ground-based measurements of orographic precipitation and hydrologic processes underneath the GPM Core satellite. One more U.S. GV field campaign (OLYMPEX) is planned for late 2015 and will address cold-season precipitation estimation, process and hydrology in the orographic and oceanic domains of western Washington State. Finally, continuous direct and physical validation measurements are also being conducted at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility multi-radar, gauge and disdrometer facility located in coastal Virginia. This presentation will summarize the evolution of the NASA GPM GV program from pre to post-launch eras and place focus on evaluation of year-1 post-launch GPM satellite datasets including Level II GPROF, DPR and Combined algorithms, and Level III IMERG products.

40 CFR 96.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of or... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 96.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of or... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 96.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of or... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 96.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of or... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 96.272 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures in subpart D of or... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

21 CFR 606.100 - Standard operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection when tested under § 610.40 of this chapter, or when a blood... viral clearance procedures; (iii) To notify consignees to quarantine in-date blood and blood components... are manufactured using validated viral clearance procedures; (iv) To determine the suitability for...

Exploring the variability in how educators attend to science classroom interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gillespie, Colleen Elizabeth

Many researchers assert educators must develop a shared instructional vision in order for schools to be effective. While this research tends to focus on educators' alignment around goals of science classrooms, I argue that we can't assume that educators agree on what they see when they look at science classrooms. In this dissertation, I explore the variability in what teachers and leaders notice in science classroom episodes and how they reason about what they notice. I ground my studies in real classroom practice: a videotaped lesson in the first study and a live classroom observation in the second. In Chapter 2, I discuss the importance of grounding discussions about teaching and learning in classroom artifacts, a commitment that motivates my dissertation: educators may have a shared vision when discussing teaching and learning in the abstract but disagree about whether that vision is being realized in a classroom. I then describe and analyze the video clip I used in my interviews, highlighting moments that I consider to be good teaching and learning. In Chapter 3, I present my first study, in which I showed this episode to 15 different science teachers, science instructional leaders, and principals. I found that participants attended to many different features in the episode, which led to significant disagreement about what is happening in the episode. Additionally, I found that these differences in attention corresponded to differences in how participants were framing the activity of watching the clip. In Chapter 4, I explore the attentional variability of one science instructional leader, Valerie, in multiple contexts. In addition to interviewing Valerie about the videotaped lesson, I also observed Valerie engage in an "observation cycle" with a teacher. Even though Valerie is quite skilled at attending to student thinking in some contexts, I found that Valerie's attention is strongly context-dependent and gets pulled away from students' scientific thinking when she uses a district mandated form. Finally, in Chapter 5 I summarize my findings and describe the implications my work has for both research and practice.

Modeling habitat and environmental factors affecting mosquito abundance in Chesapeake, Virginia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bellows, Alan Scott

The models I present in this dissertation were designed to enable mosquito control agencies in the mid-Atlantic region that oversee large jurisdictions to rapidly track the spatial and temporal distributions of mosquito species, especially those species known to be vectors of eastern equine encephalitis and West Nile virus. I was able to keep these models streamlined, user-friendly, and not cost-prohibitive using empirically based digital data to analyze mosquito-abundance patterns in real landscapes. This research is presented in three major chapters: (II) a series of semi-static habitat suitability indices (HSI) grounded on well-documented associations between mosquito abundance and environmental variables, (III) a dynamic model for predicting both spatial and temporal mosquito abundance based on a topographic soil moisture index and recent weather patterns, and (IV) a set of protocols laid out to aid mosquito control agencies for the use of these models. The HSIs (Chapter II) were based on relationships of mosquitoes to digital surrogates of soil moisture and vegetation characteristics. These models grouped mosquitoes species derived from similarities in habitat requirements, life-cycle type, and vector competence. Quantification of relationships was determined using multiple linear regression models. As in Chapter II, relationships between mosquito abundance and environmental factors in Chapter III were quantified using regression models. However, because this model was, in part, a function of changes in weather patterns, it enables the prediction of both 'where' and 'when' mosquito outbreaks are likely to occur. This model is distinctive among similar studies in the literature because of my use of NOAA's NEXRAD Doppler radar (3-hr precipitation accumulation data) to quantify the spatial and temporal distributions in precipitation accumulation. \\ Chapter IV is unique among the chapters in this dissertation because in lieu of presenting new research, it summarizes the preprocessing steps and analyses used in the HSIs and the dynamic, weather-based, model generated in Chapters II and III. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader and potential users with the necessary protocols for modeling the spatial and temporal abundances and distributions of mosquitoes, with emphasis on Culiseta melanura, in a real-world landscape of the mid-Atlantic region. This chapter also provides enhancements that could easily be incorporated into an environmentally sensitive integrated pest management program.

Deviant Earthquakes: Data-driven Constraints on the Variability in Earthquake Source Properties and Seismic Hazard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trugman, Daniel Taylor

The complexity of the earthquake rupture process makes earthquakes inherently unpredictable. Seismic hazard forecasts often presume that the rate of earthquake occurrence can be adequately modeled as a space-time homogenenous or stationary Poisson process and that the relation between the dynamical source properties of small and large earthquakes obey self-similar scaling relations. While these simplified models provide useful approximations and encapsulate the first-order statistical features of the historical seismic record, they are inconsistent with the complexity underlying earthquake occurrence and can lead to misleading assessments of seismic hazard when applied in practice. The six principle chapters of this thesis explore the extent to which the behavior of real earthquakes deviates from these simplified models, and the implications that the observed deviations have for our understanding of earthquake rupture processes and seismic hazard. Chapter 1 provides a brief thematic overview and introduction to the scope of this thesis. Chapter 2 examines the complexity of the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake, focusing on the relation between its unexpected and unprecedented occurrence and anthropogenic stresses from the nearby Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field. Chapter 3 compares long-term changes in seismicity within California's three largest geothermal fields in an effort to characterize the relative influence of natural and anthropogenic stress transients on local seismic hazard. Chapter 4 describes a hybrid, hierarchical clustering algorithm that can be used to relocate earthquakes using waveform cross-correlation, and applies the new algorithm to study the spatiotemporal evolution of two recent seismic swarms in western Nevada. Chapter 5 describes a new spectral decomposition technique that can be used to analyze the dynamic source properties of large datasets of earthquakes, and applies this approach to revisit the question of self-similar scaling of southern California seismicity. Chapter 6 builds upon these results and applies the same spectral decomposition technique to examine the source properties of several thousand recent earthquakes in southern Kansas that are likely human-induced by massive oil and gas operations in the region. Chapter 7 studies the connection between source spectral properties and earthquake hazard, focusing on spatial variations in dynamic stress drop and its influence on ground motion amplitudes. Finally, Chapter 8 provides a summary of the key findings of and relations between these studies, and outlines potential avenues of future research.

Web-based data acquisition and management system for GOSAT validation Lidar data analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okumura, Hiroshi; Takubo, Shoichiro; Kawasaki, Takeru; Abdullah, Indra N.; Uchino, Osamu; Morino, Isamu; Yokota, Tatsuya; Nagai, Tomohiro; Sakai, Tetsu; Maki, Takashi; Arai, Kohei

2012-11-01

An web-base data acquisition and management system for GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observation SATellite) validation lidar data analysis is developed. The system consists of data acquisition sub-system (DAS) and data management sub-system (DMS). DAS written in Perl language acquires AMeDAS ground-level meteorological data, Rawinsonde upper-air meteorological data, ground-level oxidant data, skyradiometer data, skyview camera images, meteorological satellite IR image data and GOSAT validation lidar data. DMS written in PHP language demonstrates satellite-pass date and all acquired data.

Proposal for Ground Safety Review Coordination at ISS Launch Sites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kirkpatrick, Paul D.

2010-01-01

As the transportation of ISS payloads and cargo shifts from KSC to other launch sites, close coordination of ground safety review processes would be of benefit to all parties. The benefit would have the launch sites receiving consistent data that would require less effort to review while still meeting their needs. Until recently, ground safety focus for the ISS program has been almost exclusively for prelaunch processing at KSC/post-landing processing at KSC/DFRC Each launch site, used by the ISS Program, has a ground safety review process. Ground safety viewed as local prerogative. Up till now, ground processing has consisted of low risk/low hazard items; but this will not always be the case. Recent coordination issues associated with the ground safety review of ORU's to be processed at Tanegashima for HTV-2, illustrate that IP ground safety review processes are not well understood by the ISS community at large. Confusion for data providers (US only?). Lack of internal review process for data being submitted to launch sites can lead to inconsistent submittals. NCRs/HRs. Majority of IP ground safety requirements are based upon old KHB 1700.7 (now KNPR 8715.3, Chapter 20). Proposals include: Establish a ground safety working group as part of the MS&MAP. Search for efficiencies in requirements and data submittal processes. Document processes in NSTS 13830/SSP 30599. Each launch site report out its payload ground safety status at the F2F (Monthly's as required). Completions/due dates/NCRs/issues/changes. Establish internal processes for review of ground safety submittals.

Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation and agricultural crops: knowledge gain and knowledge gap after 40 years of research

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Lyon, John G.; Huete, Alfredo; Edited by Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Lyon, John G.; Huete, Alfredo

2011-01-01

The focus of this chapter was to summarize the advances made over last 40+ years, as reported in various chapters of this book, in understanding, modeling, and mapping terrestrial vegetation using hyperspectral remote sensing (or imaging spectroscopy) using sensors that are ground-based, truck-mounted, airborne, and spaceborne. As we have seen in various chapters of this book and synthesized in this chapter, the advances made include: (a) significantly improved characterization and modeling of a wide array of biophysical and biochemical properties of vegetation, (b) ability to discriminate plant species and vegetation types with high degree of accuracies (c) reducing uncertainties in determining net primary productivity or carbon assessments from terrestrial vegetation, (d) improved crop productivity and water productivity models, (b), (e) ability to access stress resulting from causes such as management practices, pests and disease, water deficit or excess; , and (f) establishing more sensitive wavebands and indices to detect plant water\\moisture content. The advent of spaceborne hyperspectral sensors (e.g., NASA’s Hyperion, ESA’s PROBA, and upcoming NASA’s HyspIRI) and numerous methods and techniques espoused in this book to overcome Hughes phenomenon or data redundancy when handling large volumes of hyperspectral data have generated tremendous interest in advancing our hyperspectral applications knowledge base over larger spatial extent such as region, nation, continent, and globe.

Chapter A6. Section 6.1. Temperature

USGS Publications Warehouse

Revised by Wilde, Franceska D.

2006-01-01

Accurate temperature measurements are required for accurate determinations of important environmental parameters such as pH, specific electrical conductance, and dissolved oxygen, and to the determination of chemical reaction rates and equilibria, biological activity, and physical fluid properties. This section of the National Field Manual (NFM) describes U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) guidance and protocols for measurement of temperature in air, ground water, and surface water and calibration of the equipment used.

Simulating the Mind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dietrich, Dietmar; Fodor, Georg; Zucker, Gerhard; Bruckner, Dietmar

The approach to developing models described within the following chapters breaks with some of the previously used approaches in Artificial Intelligence. This is the first attempt to use methods from psychoanalysis organized in a strictly topdown design method in order to take an important step towards the creation of intelligent systems. Hence, the vision and the research hypothesis are described in the beginning and will hopefully prove to have sufficient grounds for this approach.

Finding Common Ground: A Call for Collaboration. Promoting State Interagency Efforts To Reduce the Impact of Perinatal Alcohol and Other Drug Use on Families.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Virginia H.; Hutchins, Ellen

This manual assists state agencies in developing public policy and programs to address prevention and treatment for the abuse of alcohol and other drugs by women during pregnancy. It stresses the importance of collaborative action among the many agencies involved. The first chapter is a specific call for collaboration, noting several federal…

Introduction: what are early successional habitats, why are they important, and how can they be sustained? Chapter 1.

Treesearch

Cathryn H. Greenberg; Beverly S. Collins; Frank R., III Thompson; William H. McNab

2011-01-01

There is a rising concern among natural resource scientists and managers about decline of the many plant and animal species associated with early successional habitats. There is no concise definition of early successional habitats. However, all have a well developed ground cover or shrub and young tree component, lack a closed, mature tree canopy, and are created or...

Strategies for Validation Testing of Ground Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Annis, Tammy; Sowards, Stephanie

2009-01-01

In order to accomplish the full Vision for Space Exploration announced by former President George W. Bush in 2004, NASA will have to develop a new space transportation system and supporting infrastructure. The main portion of this supporting infrastructure will reside at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida and will either be newly developed or a modification of existing vehicle processing and launch facilities, including Ground Support Equipment (GSE). This type of large-scale launch site development is unprecedented since the time of the Apollo Program. In order to accomplish this successfully within the limited budget and schedule constraints a combination of traditional and innovative strategies for Verification and Validation (V&V) have been developed. The core of these strategies consists of a building-block approach to V&V, starting with component V&V and ending with a comprehensive end-to-end validation test of the complete launch site, called a Ground Element Integration Test (GEIT). This paper will outline these strategies and provide the high level planning for meeting the challenges of implementing V&V on a large-scale development program. KEY WORDS: Systems, Elements, Subsystem, Integration Test, Ground Systems, Ground Support Equipment, Component, End Item, Test and Verification Requirements (TVR), Verification Requirements (VR)

Ground validation of DPR precipitation rate over Italy using H-SAF validation methodology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puca, Silvia; Petracca, Marco; Sebastianelli, Stefano; Vulpiani, Gianfranco

2017-04-01

The H-SAF project (Satellite Application Facility on support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management, funded by EUMETSAT) is aimed at retrieving key hydrological parameters such as precipitation, soil moisture and snow cover. Within the H-SAF consortium, the Product Precipitation Validation Group (PPVG) evaluate the accuracy of instantaneous and accumulated precipitation products with respect to ground radar and rain gauge data adopting the same methodology (using a Unique Common Code) throughout Europe. The adopted validation methodology can be summarized by the following few steps: (1) ground data (radar and rain gauge) quality control; (2) spatial interpolation of rain gauge measurements; (3) up-scaling of radar data to satellite native grid; (4) temporal comparison of satellite and ground-based precipitation products; and (5) production and evaluation of continuous and multi-categorical statistical scores for long time series and case studies. The statistical scores are evaluated taking into account the satellite product native grid. With the recent advent of the GPM era starting in march 2014, more new global precipitation products are available. The validation methodology developed in H-SAF can be easily applicable to different precipitation products. In this work, we have validated instantaneous precipitation data estimated from DPR (Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar) instrument onboard of the GPM-CO (Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory) satellite. In particular, we have analyzed the near surface and estimated precipitation fields collected in the 2A-Level for 3 different scans (NS, MS and HS). The Italian radar mosaic managed by the National Department of Civil Protection available operationally every 10 minutes is used as ground reference data. The results obtained highlight the capability of the DPR to identify properly the precipitation areas with higher accuracy in estimating the stratiform precipitation (especially for the HS). An underestimation of the rainfall rate are observed in the retrieval of some convective case studies. The analysis of several (stratiform and convective) events occurred in the Mediterranean area in the last two years highlights the capability of the DPR to observe interesting features of the precipitation clouds and to estimate the ground rain intensity.

Onboard Autonomy and Ground Operations Automation for the Intelligent Payload Experiment (IPEX) CubeSat Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chien, Steve; Doubleday, Joshua; Ortega, Kevin; Tran, Daniel; Bellardo, John; Williams, Austin; Piug-Suari, Jordi; Crum, Gary; Flatley, Thomas

2012-01-01

The Intelligent Payload Experiment (IPEX) is a cubesat manifested for launch in October 2013 that will flight validate autonomous operations for onboard instrument processing and product generation for the Intelligent Payload Module (IPM) of the Hyperspectral Infra-red Imager (HyspIRI) mission concept. We first describe the ground and flight operations concept for HyspIRI IPM operations. We then describe the ground and flight operations concept for the IPEX mission and how that will validate HyspIRI IPM operations. We then detail the current status of the mission and outline the schedule for future development.

78 FR 25750 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-02

... technology and systems for the purpose of collecting, validating and verifying information, processing and... Information Collection Activities: Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Public Comment Request ACTION....C. Chapter 35), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) will submit an Information...

40 CFR 97.72 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... assurance or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the...) Audit decertification. Whenever both an audit of an emission monitoring system and a review of the... certification or recertification application submission and at the time of the audit, the Administrator will...

Evaluating Federal Social Programs: An Uncertain Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levitan, Sar A.; Wurzburg, Gregory K.

This study of the federal government's evaluation of social programs indicates that it is virtually impossible to establish a bias-free, valid, and reliable system of inquiry to determine the effects of social programs. Divided into five chapters, the document examines the aspirations and limitations of evaluations, methodology, evaluation in the…

50 CFR 697.7 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) American lobster. (1) In addition to the prohibitions specified in § 600.725 of this chapter, it is unlawful for any person owning or operating a vessel issued a Federal limited access American lobster permit under § 697.4 or a vessel or person holding a valid State of Maine American lobster permit or...

50 CFR 697.7 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) American lobster. (1) In addition to the prohibitions specified in § 600.725 of this chapter, it is unlawful for any person owning or operating a vessel issued a Federal limited access American lobster permit under § 697.4 or a vessel or person holding a valid State of Maine American lobster permit or...

75 FR 64245 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-19

... impacts on marine mammals were valid. Affected Public: Business or other for-profit organizations... of information under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35). Agency... have a negligible impact on the species or stock(s) and will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on...

Validation of Microbial Source Tracking Markers and Detection Protocols: Considerations for Effective Interpretation

EPA Science Inventory

The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of MST marker characteristics, to describe performance criteria of detection protocols used and to offer guidelines for the effective interpretation of the results. Since the trend in the research community has shifted towards (q...

Improving Quality in Education: Dynamic Approaches to School Improvement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Creemers, Bert P. M.; Kyriakides, Leonidas

2011-01-01

This book explores an approach to school improvement that merges the traditions of educational effectiveness research and school improvement efforts. It displays how the dynamic model, which is theoretical and empirically validated, can be used in both traditions. Each chapter integrates evidence from international and national studies, showing…

40 CFR 97.432 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 97.432 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 60.4172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures... certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not...

40 CFR 97.432 - Monitoring system out-of-control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures... prospectively the certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the...

40 CFR 60.4172 - Out of control periods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... monitoring system fails to meet the quality-assurance and quality-control requirements or data validation requirements of part 75 of this chapter, data shall be substituted using the applicable missing data procedures... certification status of the monitoring system. The data measured and recorded by the monitoring system shall not...

[Myokard-Perfusions-SPECT. Myocardial perfusion SPECT - Update S1 guideline].

PubMed

Lindner, Oliver; Bengel, Frank; Burchert, Wolfgang; Dörr, Rolf; Hacker, Marcus; Schäfer, Wolfgang; Schäfers, Michael A; Schmidt, Matthias; Schwaiger, Markus; Vom Dahl, Jürgen; Zimmermann, Rainer

2017-08-14

The S1 guideline for myocardial perfusion SPECT has been published by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) and is valid until 2/2022. This paper is a short summary with comments on all chapters and subchapters wich were modified and amended.

Symbolic Instruments and the Internet Mediation of Knowledge and Expertise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Nicola F.

2014-01-01

In this chapter, I demonstrate how Bourdieu's (1991) notion of symbolic instruments, that is structured and structuring structures, can be applied to the Internet to demonstrate the mediation and construction of knowledge and validation of expertise. This qualitative pilot study explored the online language and interrelationship between expertise,…

21 CFR 312.110 - Import and export requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... drug has valid marketing authorization in Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland..., and § 1.101 of this chapter; or (3) The drug is being exported to Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan... specifications; (iv) The drug is not in conflict with the importing country's laws; (v) The outer shipping...

21 CFR 312.110 - Import and export requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... drug has valid marketing authorization in Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland..., and § 1.101 of this chapter; or (3) The drug is being exported to Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan... specifications; (iv) The drug is not in conflict with the importing country's laws; (v) The outer shipping...

21 CFR 312.110 - Import and export requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... drug has valid marketing authorization in Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland..., and § 1.101 of this chapter; or (3) The drug is being exported to Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan... specifications; (iv) The drug is not in conflict with the importing country's laws; (v) The outer shipping...

Why a True Account of Human Development Requires Exemplar Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Damon, William; Colby, Anne

2013-01-01

This chapter uses moral psychology to illustrate why exemplar methods are essential for building a valid, complete understanding of key domains of human development. Social psychological, economic, and biological-evolutionary paradigms for studying morality rely on samples drawn from the general population. This research reveals a bleak picture of…

Handbook of Asian American Psychology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Lee C., Ed.; Zane, Nolan W. S., Ed.

This handbook integrates descriptions and evaluations of current psychological research on all ethnic subgroups of Asian Americans, providing insights into the diverse and varied nature of Asian American cultures. Following a Foreword by Dick Suinn, the chapters are: (1) "An Overview" (Lee C. Lee); (2) "Research Methods: The Construct Validity of…

Geodetic imaging of tectonic deformation with InSAR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fattahi, Heresh

Precise measurements of ground deformation across the plate boundaries are crucial observations to evaluate the location of strain localization and to understand the pattern of strain accumulation at depth. Such information can be used to evaluate the possible location and magnitude of future earthquakes. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) potentially can deliver small-scale (few mm/yr) ground displacement over long distances (hundreds of kilometers) across the plate boundaries and over continents. However, Given the ground displacement as our signal of interest, the InSAR observations of ground deformation are usually affected by several sources of systematic and random noises. In this dissertation I identify several sources of systematic and random noise, develop new methods to model and mitigate the systematic noise and to evaluate the uncertainty of the ground displacement measured with InSAR. I use the developed approach to characterize the tectonic deformation and evaluate the rate of strain accumulation along the Chaman fault system, the western boundary of the India with Eurasia tectonic plates. I evaluate the bias due to the topographic residuals in the InSAR range-change time-series and develope a new method to estimate the topographic residuals and mitigate the effect from the InSAR range-change time-series (Chapter 2). I develop a new method to evaluate the uncertainty of the InSAR velocity field due to the uncertainty of the satellite orbits (Chapter 3) and a new algorithm to automatically detect and correct the phase unwrapping errors in a dense network of interferograms (Chapter 4). I develop a new approach to evaluate the impact of systematic and stochastic components of the tropospheric delay on the InSAR displacement time-series and its uncertainty (Chapter 5). Using the new InSAR time-series approach developed in the previous chapters, I study the tectonic deformation across the western boundary of the India plate with Eurasia and evaluated the rate of strain accumulation along the Chaman fault system (Chapter 5). I also evaluate the co-seismic and post-seismic displacement of a moderate M5.5 earthquake on the Ghazaband fault (Chapter 6). The developed methods to mitigate the systematic noise from InSAR time-series, significantly improve the accuracy of the InSAR displacement time-series and velocity. The approaches to evaluate the effect of the stochastic components of noise in InSAR displacement time-series enable us to obtain the variance-covariance matrix of the InSAR displacement time-series and to express their uncertainties. The effect of the topographic residuals in the InSAR range-change time-series is proportional to the perpendicular baseline history of the set of SAR acquisitions. The proposed method for topographic residual correction, efficiently corrects the displacement time-series. Evaluation of the uncertainty of velocity due to the orbital errors shows that for modern SAR satellites with precise orbits such as TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1, the uncertainty of 0.2 mm/yr per 100 km and for older satellites with less accurate orbits such as ERS and Envisat, the uncertainty of 1.5 and 0.5mm/yr per 100 km, respectively are achievable. However, the uncertainty due to the orbital errors depends on the orbital uncertainties, the number and time span of SAR acquisitions. Contribution of the tropospheric delay to the InSAR range-change time-series can be subdivided to systematic (seasonal delay) and stochastic components. The systematic component biases the displacement times-series and velocity field as a function of the acquisition time and the non-seasonal component significantly contributes to the InSAR uncertainty. Both components are spatially correlated and therefore the covariance of noise between pixels should be considered for evaluating the uncertainty due to the random tropospheric delay. The relative velocity uncertainty due to the random tropospheric delay depends on the scatter of the random tropospheric delay, and is inversely proportional to the number of acquisitions, and the total time span covered by the SAR acquisitions. InSAR observations across the Chaman fault system shows that relative motion between India and Eurasia in the western boundary is distributed among different faults. The InSAR velocity field indicates strain localization on the Chaman fault and Ghazaband fault with slip rates of ~8 and ~16 mm/yr, respectively. High rate of strain accumulation on the Ghazaband fault and lack of evidence for rupturing the fault during the 1935 Quetta earthquake indicates that enough strain has been accumulated for large (M>7) earthquake, which threatens Balochistan and the City of Quetta. Chaman fault from latitudes ~29.5 N to ~32.5 N is creeping with a maximum surface creep rate of 8 mm/yr, which indicates that Chaman fault is only partially locked and therefore moderate earthquakes (M<7) similar to what has been recorded in last 100 years are expected.

A physiological and biomechanical comparison of over-ground, treadmill and ergometer wheelchair propulsion.

PubMed

Mason, Barry; Lenton, John; Leicht, Christof; Goosey-Tolfrey, Victoria

2014-01-01

The purpose of the study was to determine which laboratory-based modality provides the most valid physiological and biomechanical representation of over-ground sports wheelchair propulsion. Fifteen able-bodied participants with previous experience of wheelchair propulsion performed a 3-minute exercise trial at three speeds (4, 6 and 8 km ∙ h(-1)) in three testing modalities over separate sessions: (i) over-ground propulsion on a wooden sprung surface; (ii) wheelchair ergometer propulsion; (iii) treadmill propulsion at four different gradients (0%, 0.7%, 1.0% and 1,3%). A 0.7% treadmill gradient was shown to best reflect the oxygen uptake (7.3 to 9.1% coefficient of variation (CV)) and heart rate responses (4.9 to 6.4% CV) of over-ground propulsion at 4 and 6 km ∙ h(-1). A 1.0% treadmill gradient provided a more valid representation of oxygen uptake during over-ground propulsion at 8 km ∙ h(-1) (8.6% CV). Physiological demand was significantly underestimated in the 0% gradient and overestimated in the 1.3% gradient and wheelchair ergometer trials compared to over-ground trials (P<0.05). No laboratory-based modality provided a valid representation of the forces applied during OG (≥ 18.4% CV). To conclude, a 0.7% treadmill gradient is recommended to replicate over-ground wheelchair propulsion at lower speeds (4 and 6 km ∙ h(-1)) whereas a 1.0% gradient may be more suitable at 8 km ∙ h(-1).

Local Magnetism in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems with Orbital Degrees of Freedom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ducatman, Samuel Charles

The central aim of my research is to explain the connection between the macroscopic behavior and the microscopic physics of strongly correlated electron systems with orbital degrees of freedom through the use of effective models. My dissertation focuses on the sub-class of these materials where electrons appear to be localized by interactions, and magnetic ions have well measured magnetic moments. This suggests that we can capture the low-energy physics of the material by employing a minimal model featuring localized spins which interact with each other through exchange couplings. I describe Fe1+y Te and beta-Li2IrO3 with effective models primarily focusing on the spins of the magnetic ions, in this case Fe and Ir, respectively. The goal with both materials is to gain insight and make predictions for experimentalists. In chapter 2, I focus on Fe1+yTe. I describe why we believe the magnetic ground state of this material, with an observed Bragg peak at Q +/- pi/2, pi/2), can be described by a Heisenberg model with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd neighbor interactions. I present two possible ground states of this model in the small J1 limit, the bicollinear and plaquette states. In order to predict which ground state the model prefers, I calculate the spin wave spectrum with 1/S corrections, and I find the model naturally selects the "plaquette state." I give a brief description of the ways this result could be tested using experimental techniques such as polarized neutron scattering. In chapter 3, I extend the model used in chapter 2. This is necessary because the Heisenberg model we employed cannot explain why Fe1+yTe undergoes a phase transition as y is increased. We add an additional elements to our calculation; we assume that electrons in some of the Fe 3D orbitals have selectively localized while others remain itinerant. We write a new Hamiltonian, where localized moments acquire a new long-range RKKY-like interaction from interactions with the itinerant electrons. We are able to reproduce the phase diagram found from experimentalists, and make predictions about how Fe1+y Te could potentially be driven into a "stripe" magnetic ground state. In chapter 4, I examine another strongly correlated material, beta-Li 2IrO3, which exhibits Kitaev physics. I begin with a minimal model employing nearest neighbor isotropic and anisotropic exchange couplings between neighboring Iridium ions. I calculate the phase diagram, and find two states. I characterize both states in terms of spins along the zigzag chains of the hyperhoneycomb lattice, and calculate linear spin waves for both states. I find that, besides for special points in our phase diagram, the excitations are gapped. As the spectrum has many branches, I calculate the dynamic structure factor to find which branches of the spin wave spectrum have the highest intensity. It will be interesting to compare my dynamic structure factor results to single crystal inelastic neutron scattering, which to this point has not been performed for beta-Li2IrO3.

Engineering uses of physics-based ground motion simulations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Baker, Jack W.; Luco, Nicolas; Abrahamson, Norman A.; Graves, Robert W.; Maechling, Phillip J.; Olsen, Kim B.

2014-01-01

This paper summarizes validation methodologies focused on enabling ground motion simulations to be used with confidence in engineering applications such as seismic hazard analysis and dynmaic analysis of structural and geotechnical systems. Numberical simullation of ground motion from large erthquakes, utilizing physics-based models of earthquake rupture and wave propagation, is an area of active research in the earth science community. Refinement and validatoin of these models require collaboration between earthquake scientists and engineering users, and testing/rating methodolgies for simulated ground motions to be used with confidence in engineering applications. This paper provides an introduction to this field and an overview of current research activities being coordinated by the Souther California Earthquake Center (SCEC). These activities are related both to advancing the science and computational infrastructure needed to produce ground motion simulations, as well as to engineering validation procedures. Current research areas and anticipated future achievements are also discussed.

Introducing the VISAGE project - Visualization for Integrated Satellite, Airborne, and Ground-based data Exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gatlin, P. N.; Conover, H.; Berendes, T.; Maskey, M.; Naeger, A. R.; Wingo, S. M.

2017-12-01

A key component of NASA's Earth observation system is its field experiments, for intensive observation of particular weather phenomena, or for ground validation of satellite observations. These experiments collect data from a wide variety of airborne and ground-based instruments, on different spatial and temporal scales, often in unique formats. The field data are often used with high volume satellite observations that have very different spatial and temporal coverage. The challenges inherent in working with such diverse datasets make it difficult for scientists to rapidly collect and analyze the data for physical process studies and validation of satellite algorithms. The newly-funded VISAGE project will address these issues by combining and extending nascent efforts to provide on-line data fusion, exploration, analysis and delivery capabilities. A key building block is the Field Campaign Explorer (FCX), which allows users to examine data collected during field campaigns and simplifies data acquisition for event-based research. VISAGE will extend FCX's capabilities beyond interactive visualization and exploration of coincident datasets, to provide interrogation of data values and basic analyses such as ratios and differences between data fields. The project will also incorporate new, higher level fused and aggregated analysis products from the System for Integrating Multi-platform data to Build the Atmospheric column (SIMBA), which combines satellite and ground-based observations into a common gridded atmospheric column data product; and the Validation Network (VN), which compiles a nationwide database of coincident ground- and satellite-based radar measurements of precipitation for larger scale scientific analysis. The VISAGE proof-of-concept will target "golden cases" from Global Precipitation Measurement Ground Validation campaigns. This presentation will introduce the VISAGE project, initial accomplishments and near term plans.

Dynamics of Atmospheric Boundary Layers: Large-Eddy Simulations and Reduced Analytical Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Momen, Mostafa

Real-world atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers (ABL) involve many inherent complexities, the understanding and modeling of which manifestly exceeds our current capabilities. Previous studies largely focused on the "textbook ABL", which is (quasi) steady and barotropic. However, it is evident that the "real-world ABL", even over flat terrain, rarely meets such simplifying assumptions. The present thesis aims to illustrate and model four complicating features of ABLs that have been overlooked thus far despite their ubiquity: 1) unsteady pressure gradients in neutral ABLs (Chapters 2 and 3), 2) interacting effects of unsteady pressure gradients and static stability in diabatic ABLs (Chapter 4), 3) time-variable buoyancy fluxes (Chapter 5) , and 4) impacts of baroclinicity in neutral and diabatic ABLs (Chapter 6). State-of-the-art large-eddy simulations will be used as a tool to explain the underlying physics and to validate analytical models we develop for these features. Chapter 2 focuses on the turbulence equilibrium: when the forcing time scale is comparable to the turbulence time scale, the turbulence is shown to be out of equilibrium, and the velocity profiles depart from the log-law; However, for longer, and surprisingly for shorter forcing times, quasi-equilibrium is maintained. In Chapter 3, a reduced analytical model, based on the Navier-Stokes equations, will be introduced and shown to be analogous to a damped oscillator where inertial, Coriolis, and friction forces mirror the mass, spring, and damper, respectively. When a steady buoyancy (stable or unstable) is superposed on the unsteady pressure gradient, the same model structure can be maintained, but the damping term, corresponding to friction forces and vertical coupling, needs to account for stability. However, for the reverse case with variable buoyancy flux and stability, the model needs to be extended to allow time-variable damper coefficient. These extensions of the analytical model are presented respectively in Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 6 investigates the interacting effects of baroclinicity (direction and strength) and stability on ABLs. Cold advection and positive shear increased the friction velocity, the low-level jet elevation and strength while warm advection and negative shear acted opposite. Finally, Chapter 7 provides a synthesis and a future outlook.

An Inverse Kinematic Approach Using Groebner Basis Theory Applied to Gait Cycle Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

stance phase begins with initial contact, heel strike , and ends with toe off. The swing phase begins at toe off and ends with the heel striking the ground...and transition phase (10%). Recall, that the gait cycle begins when the heel strikes the ground of one foot and ends when that same foot strikes the...Validation of Knee Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 12 Validation of Ankle Angle

A methodology to estimate representativeness of LAI station observation for validation: a case study with Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) in situ data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Baodong; Li, Jing; Liu, Qinhuo; Zeng, Yelu; Yin, Gaofei

2014-11-01

Leaf Area Index (LAI) is known as a key vegetation biophysical variable. To effectively use remote sensing LAI products in various disciplines, it is critical to understand the accuracy of them. The common method for the validation of LAI products is firstly establish the empirical relationship between the field data and high-resolution imagery, to derive LAI maps, then aggregate high-resolution LAI maps to match moderate-resolution LAI products. This method is just suited for the small region, and its frequencies of measurement are limited. Therefore, the continuous observing LAI datasets from ground station network are important for the validation of multi-temporal LAI products. However, due to the scale mismatch between the point observation in the ground station and the pixel observation, the direct comparison will bring the scale error. Thus it is needed to evaluate the representativeness of ground station measurement within pixel scale of products for the reasonable validation. In this paper, a case study with Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) in situ data was taken to introduce a methodology to estimate representativeness of LAI station observation for validating LAI products. We first analyzed the indicators to evaluate the observation representativeness, and then graded the station measurement data. Finally, the LAI measurement data which can represent the pixel scale was used to validate the MODIS, GLASS and GEOV1 LAI products. The result shows that the best agreement is reached between the GLASS and GEOV1, while the lowest uncertainty is achieved by GEOV1 followed by GLASS and MODIS. We conclude that the ground station measurement data can validate multi-temporal LAI products objectively based on the evaluation indicators of station observation representativeness, which can also improve the reliability for the validation of remote sensing products.

Assessing the validity of commercial and municipal food environment data sets in Vancouver, Canada.

PubMed

Daepp, Madeleine Ig; Black, Jennifer

2017-10-01

The present study assessed systematic bias and the effects of data set error on the validity of food environment measures in two municipal and two commercial secondary data sets. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and concordance were calculated by comparing two municipal and two commercial secondary data sets with ground-truthed data collected within 800 m buffers surrounding twenty-six schools. Logistic regression examined associations of sensitivity and PPV with commercial density and neighbourhood socio-economic deprivation. Kendall's τ estimated correlations between density and proximity of food outlets near schools constructed with secondary data sets v. ground-truthed data. Vancouver, Canada. Food retailers located within 800 m of twenty-six schools RESULTS: All data sets scored relatively poorly across validity measures, although, overall, municipal data sets had higher levels of validity than did commercial data sets. Food outlets were more likely to be missing from municipal health inspections lists and commercial data sets in neighbourhoods with higher commercial density. Still, both proximity and density measures constructed from all secondary data sets were highly correlated (Kendall's τ>0·70) with measures constructed from ground-truthed data. Despite relatively low levels of validity in all secondary data sets examined, food environment measures constructed from secondary data sets remained highly correlated with ground-truthed data. Findings suggest that secondary data sets can be used to measure the food environment, although estimates should be treated with caution in areas with high commercial density.

Key issues in the design of NO{sub x} emission trading programs to reduce ground-level ozone. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nichols, A.; Harrison, D.

1994-07-01

This report is the first product of a study being conducted by National Economic Research Associates for the Electric Power Research Institute to evaluate various market-based alternatives for managing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) as part of strategies to achieve the ambient ozone standard. The report focuses on choices in the design of relatively broad, ambitious emission trading programs, rather than on more modest programs designed to generate offsets within a regulatory framework that continues to rely primarily on traditional emission standards and nontransferable permits. After a brief introductory chapter, Chapter 2 reviews both the conceptual underpinnings of emissionmore » trading and prior experience. This review suggests the need for clear initial allocations-generally based on emission caps-to simplify trading while assuring the achievement of emission-reduction goals. Chapter 3 lays out the basic choices required in establishing an emission trading program. For concreteness, the basic design is discussed in terms of trading among utilities and other large stationary sources of NO{sub x}, generally the most promising candidates for trading. Chapter 4 discusses various ways in which a basic trading program could be extended to other source categories and to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the other major precursor of ozone. Chapter 5 analyzes various ways in which trading programs can be refined to focus control efforts on those times and at those locations where ozone problems are most severe. Although highly refined targeting programs are unlikely to be worth the effort, modest differentials can be implemented by making the number of allowances required for each ton of emissions vary with the time and location of emissions. Chapter 6 reviews various alternatives for making the initial allocation of emission allowances among sources in the trading program, breaking the process into two components, an emission rate and an activity level.« less

Ensemble of ground subsidence hazard maps using fuzzy logic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Inhye; Lee, Jiyeong; Saro, Lee

2014-06-01

Hazard maps of ground subsidence around abandoned underground coal mines (AUCMs) in Samcheok, Korea, were constructed using fuzzy ensemble techniques and a geographical information system (GIS). To evaluate the factors related to ground subsidence, a spatial database was constructed from topographic, geologic, mine tunnel, land use, groundwater, and ground subsidence maps. Spatial data, topography, geology, and various ground-engineering data for the subsidence area were collected and compiled in a database for mapping ground-subsidence hazard (GSH). The subsidence area was randomly split 70/30 for training and validation of the models. The relationships between the detected ground-subsidence area and the factors were identified and quantified by frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The relationships were used as factor ratings in the overlay analysis to create ground-subsidence hazard indexes and maps. The three GSH maps were then used as new input factors and integrated using fuzzy-ensemble methods to make better hazard maps. All of the hazard maps were validated by comparison with known subsidence areas that were not used directly in the analysis. As the result, the ensemble model was found to be more effective in terms of prediction accuracy than the individual model.

Climate change: overview of data sources, observed and predicted temperature changes, and impacts on public and environmental health

Treesearch

David H. Levinson; Christopher J. Fettig

2014-01-01

This chapter addresses the societal and the environmental impacts of climate change related to increasing surface temperatures on air quality and forest health. Increasing temperatures at and near the earth’s surface, due to both a warming climate and urban heat island effects, have been shown to increase ground-level ozone concentrations in cities across the U.S. In...

Chapter A6. Section 6.4. pH

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilde, Franceska D.; Busenberg, Eurybiades; Radtke, Dean B.

2006-01-01

Measurement of pH is critical to the understanding of the viability and vulnerability of environmental waters and is considered a master variable in determining the aqueous geochemistry of an aqueous system. pH is a measure that represents the hydrogen-ion concentration (activity) of a solution. This section of the National Field Manual (NFM) describes U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) guidance and protocols for measurement of pH in ground and surface waters.

Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey. Book 3, Applications of Hydraulics. Chapter B2, Introduction to Ground-Water Hydraulics: Programed Text for Self-Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Gordon D.

This programmed text of self-instruction is one of a series of manuals on techniques describing procedures for planning and executing specialized work in water-resources investigations. It has been prepared on the assumption that the reader has completed standard courses in calculus and college physics and is presented in eight parts. Part I…

ISINGLASS Auroral Sounding Rocket Campaign Data Synthesis: Radar, Imagery, and In Situ Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clayton, R.; Lynch, K. A.; Evans, T.; Hampton, D. L.; Burleigh, M.; Zettergren, M. D.; Varney, R. H.; Reimer, A.; Hysell, D. L.; Michell, R.; Samara, M.; Grubbs, G. A., II

2017-12-01

E-field and flow variations across auroral arc boundaries are typically sub-grid measurements for ground based sensors such as radars and imagers, even for quiet stable arcs. In situ measurements can provide small scale resolution, but only provide a snapshot at a localized time and place. Using ground based and in situ measurements of the ISINGLASS auroral sounding rocket campaign in conjunction, we use the in situ measurements to validate ground based synthesis of these small scale observations based on the classification of auroral arcs in Marklund(1984). With validation of this technique, sub-grid information can be gained from radar data using particular visible auroral features during times where only ground based measurements are present. The ISINGLASS campaign (Poker Flat Alaska, Winter 2017) included the nights of Feb 22 2017 and Mar 02 2017, which possessed multiple stable arc boundaries that can be used for synthesis, including the two events into which the ISINGLASS rockets were launched. On Mar 02 from 0700 to 0800 UT, two stable slowly southward-propagating auroral arcs persisted within the instrument field of view, and lasted for a period of >15min. The second of these events contains the 36.304 rocket trajectory, while both events have full ground support from camera imagery and radar. Data synthesis from these events is accomplished using Butler (2010), Vennell (2009), and manually selected auroral boundaries from ground based cameras. With determination of the auroral arc boundaries from ground based imagery, a prediction of the fields along the length of a long straight arc boundary can be made using the ground based radar data, even on a sub-radar-grid scale, using the Marklund arc boundary classification. We assume that fields everywhere along a long stable arc boundary should be the same. Given a long stable arc, measurements anywhere along the arc (i.e. from PFISR) can be replicated along the length of the boundary. This prediction can then be validated from the in situ measurements of the fields from the ISINGLASS campaign. Upon successful synthesis and validation of the ground based data for the times where in situ data are present, the same analysis will be applied to similar long straight stable arcs during the campaign window when ground support is present to further explore the data synthesis method.

Spatial Dimension as a Variable in Quantum Mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doren, Douglas James

Several approximation methods potentially useful in electronic structure calculations are developed. These methods all treat the spatial dimension, D, as a variable. In an Introduction, the motivations for these methods are described, with special attention to the semiclassical 1/D expansion. Several terms in this expansion have been calculated for two-electron atoms. The results have qualitative appeal but poor convergence properties when D = 3. Chapter 1 shows that this convergence problem is due to singularities in the energy at D = 1 and a method of removing their effects is demonstrated. Chapter 2 treats several model problems, showing how to identify special dimensions at which the energy becomes singular or the Hamiltonian simplifies. Expansions are developed about these special finite values of D which are quite accurate at low order, regardless of the physical parameters of the Hamiltonian. In Chapter 3, expansions about singular points in the energy at finite values of D are used to resum the 1/D series in cases where its leading orders are not sufficient. This leads to a hybrid expansion which typically improves on both the 1/D and the finite D series. These methods are applied in Chapter 4 to two -electron atoms. The ground state energy of few-electron systems is dominated by the presence of a pole when D = 1. The residue of this pole is determined by the eigenvalue of a simple limiting Schrodinger equation. The limit and first order correction are determined for both unapproximated nonrelativistic two-electron atoms and the Hartree-Fock approximation to them. The hybrid expansion using only the first few terms in the 1/D series determines the energy at arbitrary D, providing estimates accurate to four or five figures when D = 3. Degeneracies between D = 3 states and those in nonphysical dimensions are developed in Chapter 5 which provide additional applications for this series. Chapter 6 illustrates these methods in an application to the H(' -) ion, an especially stringent test case. Proposals for future work in this field are described in the final chapter.

Ultracool Dwarfs and their companions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blake, Cullen H.

This thesis explores new techniques for making precise measurements of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, collectively known as Ultracool Dwarfs (UCDs). These new techniques are directly applicable to the search for extrasolar planets and efforts to test theoretical models of stellar structure and evolution at the bottom of the main sequence. The first three chapters of this thesis describe the development and application of a new technique for making radial velocity measurements of UCDs at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The first chapter describes a pilot study that demonstrates a significant improvement over previous work on Doppler measurements in the NIR. Using this technique we have carried out a Doppler survey of 65 L dwarfs. The second chapter describes the discovery of a new spectroscopic binary that may be one of the most important for constraining theoretical models of UCDs. The third chapter describes the Doppler survey in detail and presents measurements of a new spectroscopic binary system that is an excellent candidate for a giant planetary companion to a mid-L dwarf. This chapter also includes a discussion of the of the rotation, space motions, and binarity of the L dwarfs in the survey sample. The fourth chapter describes efforts to obtain precise photometric measurements of UCDs with the Peters Automated Infrared Imaging Telescope (PAIRITEL). Using software scheduling and data reduction systems designed in part by the author, PAIRITEL gathered more than 10 6 seconds of observations of a sample of 20 UCDs. We investigate the limitations to ground-based infrared photometry and characterize the ability of a system like PAIRITEL to detect transits of UCDs by Earth-like planets. The fifth chapter explores the potential impact of future synoptic surveys on studies of UCDs. Surveys like Pan-STARRS and LSST will obtain a small number of high-quality observations of a large number of UCDs. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we demonstrate that such data can be used to reliably detect low-mass eclipsing binary stars. We present the discovery of a double- lined eclipsing binary system that allows us to directly measure the masses and radii of two M dwarfs.

Validation of SCIAMACHY and TOMS UV Radiances Using Ground and Space Observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hilsenrath, E.; Bhartia, P. K.; Bojkov, B. R.; Kowalewski, M.; Labow, G.; Ahmad, Z.

2004-01-01

Verification of a stratospheric ozone recovery remains a high priority for environmental research and policy definition. Models predict an ozone recovery at a much lower rate than the measured depletion rate observed to date. Therefore improved precision of the satellite and ground ozone observing systems are required over the long term to verify its recovery. We show that validation of satellite radiances from space and from the ground can be a very effective means for correcting long term drifts of backscatter type satellite measurements and can be used to cross calibrate all B W instruments in orbit (TOMS, SBW/2, GOME, SCIAMACHY, OM, GOME-2, OMPS). This method bypasses the retrieval algorithms used for both satellite and ground based measurements that are normally used to validate and correct the satellite data. Radiance comparisons employ forward models and are inherently more accurate than inverse (retrieval) algorithms. This approach however requires well calibrated instruments and an accurate radiative transfer model that accounts for aerosols. TOMS and SCIAMACHY calibrations are checked to demonstrate this method and to demonstrate applicability for long term trends.

Pain assessment in children: theoretical and empirical validity.

PubMed

Villarruel, A M; Denyes, M J

1991-12-01

Valid assessment of pain in children is foundational for both the nursing practice and research domains, yet few validated methods of pain measurement are currently available for young children. This article describes an innovative research approach used in the development of photographic instruments to measure pain intensity in young African-American and Hispanic children. The instruments were designed to enable children to participate actively in their own care and to do so in ways that are congruent with their developmental and cultural heritage. Conceptualization of the instruments, methodological development, and validation processes grounded in Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing are described. The authors discuss the ways in which the gaps between nursing theory, research, and practice are narrowed when development of instruments to measure clinical nursing phenomena are grounded in nursing theory, validated through research and utilized in practice settings.

21 CFR 814.118 - Denial of approval or withdrawal of approval of an HDE.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... contains an untrue statement of material fact, or omits material information; (5) The device's labeling... in compliance with the good laboratory practice regulations in part 58 of this chapter and no reason... conducting the study and the good laboratory practice regulations do not support the validity of the study...

21 CFR 1305.21 - Requirements for electronic orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) To be valid, the purchaser must sign an electronic order for a Schedule I or II controlled substance... 1311 of this chapter. (b) The following data fields must be included on an electronic order for... either the purchaser or the supplier). (8) The quantity in a single package or container. (9) The number...

21 CFR 1305.21 - Requirements for electronic orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) To be valid, the purchaser must sign an electronic order for a Schedule I or II controlled substance... 1311 of this chapter. (b) The following data fields must be included on an electronic order for... either the purchaser or the supplier). (8) The quantity in a single package or container. (9) The number...

Choosing among Tests of Emotional Intelligence: What Is the Evidence?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McEnrue, Mary Pat; Groves, Kevin

2006-01-01

This article provides a comprehensive review of research regarding five types of validity for each of four major tests used to measure emotional intelligence (EI). It culls and synthesizes information scattered among a host of articles in academic journals, technical reports, chapters, and books, as well as unpublished papers and manuscripts. It…

Mental Health Research and Practice in Minority Communities: Development of Culturally Sensitive Training Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miranda, Manuel R., Ed.; Kitano, Harry H. L., Ed.

Ten studies concerned with developing culturally sensitive programs for mental health treatment of American minority groups are presented. Chapters 1-5 discuss variables to be considered when creating such programs. Work in cross-cultural settings has raised questions about the validity of some of the newly developed psychiatric diagnostic…

33 CFR 155.400 - Platform machinery space drainage on oceangoing fixed and floating drilling rigs and other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Complies with the oily-water separating equipment requirements of a valid National Pollutant Discharge... Chapter I; (2) Complies with the oily-water separating equipment requirements for oceangoing ships of 400... installed bilge pumping system for discharge of oily mixtures from platform machinery spaces into the sea...

33 CFR 155.400 - Platform machinery space drainage on oceangoing fixed and floating drilling rigs and other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Complies with the oily-water separating equipment requirements of a valid National Pollutant Discharge... Chapter I; (2) Complies with the oily-water separating equipment requirements for oceangoing ships of 400... installed bilge pumping system for discharge of oily mixtures from platform machinery spaces into the sea...

33 CFR 155.400 - Platform machinery space drainage on oceangoing fixed and floating drilling rigs and other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Complies with the oily-water separating equipment requirements of a valid National Pollutant Discharge... Chapter I; (2) Complies with the oily-water separating equipment requirements for oceangoing ships of 400... installed bilge pumping system for discharge of oily mixtures from platform machinery spaces into the sea...

33 CFR 155.400 - Platform machinery space drainage on oceangoing fixed and floating drilling rigs and other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Complies with the oily-water separating equipment requirements of a valid National Pollutant Discharge... Chapter I; (2) Complies with the oily-water separating equipment requirements for oceangoing ships of 400... installed bilge pumping system for discharge of oily mixtures from platform machinery spaces into the sea...

22 CFR 53.2 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORT REQUIREMENT AND EXCEPTIONS § 53.2 Exceptions. (a) U.S. citizens, as defined in § 41.0 of this chapter, are not required to bear U.S. passports when traveling... required to bear a valid U.S. passport to enter or depart the United States: (1) When traveling as a member...

22 CFR 53.2 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORT REQUIREMENT AND EXCEPTIONS § 53.2 Exceptions. (a) U.S. citizens, as defined in § 41.0 of this chapter, are not required to bear U.S. passports when traveling... required to bear a valid U.S. passport to enter or depart the United States: (1) When traveling as a member...

22 CFR 53.2 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORT REQUIREMENT AND EXCEPTIONS § 53.2 Exceptions. (a) U.S. citizens, as defined in § 41.0 of this chapter, are not required to bear U.S. passports when traveling... required to bear a valid U.S. passport to enter or depart the United States: (1) When traveling as a member...

22 CFR 53.2 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORT REQUIREMENT AND EXCEPTIONS § 53.2 Exceptions. (a) U.S. citizens, as defined in § 41.0 of this chapter, are not required to bear U.S. passports when traveling... required to bear a valid U.S. passport to enter or depart the United States: (1) When traveling as a member...

22 CFR 53.2 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE NATIONALITY AND PASSPORTS PASSPORT REQUIREMENT AND EXCEPTIONS § 53.2 Exceptions. (a) U.S. citizens, as defined in § 41.0 of this chapter, are not required to bear U.S. passports when traveling... required to bear a valid U.S. passport to enter or depart the United States: (1) When traveling as a member...

A Literature Review and Analysis of Mode Deactivation Therapy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Apsche, Jack A.

2010-01-01

This article is a review of articles, chapters and current research examining Mode Deactivation Therapy. Current applications of MDT suggest that mindfulness is a core component of MDT, as well as acceptance, defusion and validation, clarification and redirection of the functional alternative beliefs. These components are the core of MDT and a…

The Importance of Longitudinal Pretest-Posttest Designs in Estimating College Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seifert, Tricia A.; Pascarella, Ernest T.; Erkel, Sherri I.; Goodman, Kathleen M.

2010-01-01

In this chapter, the authors discuss the issue of research design in conducting inquiry on college impact and demonstrate the importance of longitudinal pretest-posttest designs in maximizing the internal validity of findings. They begin by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of different types of research design in the college impact…

Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, Volume XVI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smart, John C., Ed.

This volume contains essays related to various aspects of higher education, focusing on both educational theory and research. The chapters are: (1) "Apologia pro Vita Mia" (Robert Berdahl); (2) "Varieties of Validity: Quality in Qualitative Research" (Yvonna S. Lincoln); (3) "Academic Freedom and Federal Courts in the 1990s: The Legitimation of…

A Search for a Philosophy of Vocational Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Law, Charles J., Jr.

In the light of the manifest need for a clear, concise, defineable philosophical base the author presents an historical review of vocational education in the United States, and questions the validity of its early beliefs and tenets in terms of the needs of today's society. Five chapters discuss the following topics: (1) the pressure for…

Pathways to Success; A Resource Manual for the Dissemination of Successful Educational Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soper, Dorothy

This manual is designed to describe and disseminate information about innovative New Jersey educational programs that have been validated by the standards and guidelines of the United States Office of Education as successful, cost effective, and exportable. Chapter 1 contains an overview of the development process for educational programs and…

Design and Validation of CRISPR/Cas9 Systems for Targeted Gene Modification in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

PubMed

Lee, Ciaran M; Zhu, Haibao; Davis, Timothy H; Deshmukh, Harshahardhan; Bao, Gang

2017-01-01

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful tool for precision genome editing. The ability to accurately modify genomic DNA in situ with single nucleotide precision opens up new possibilities for not only basic research but also biotechnology applications and clinical translation. In this chapter, we outline the procedures for design, screening, and validation of CRISPR/Cas9 systems for targeted modification of coding sequences in the human genome and how to perform genome editing in induced pluripotent stem cells with high efficiency and specificity.

Modeling Terrorism Risk to the Air Transportation System: An Independent Assessment of TSA’s Risk Management Analysis Tool and Associated Methods

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

our own work for this discussion. DoD Instruction 5000.61 defines model validation as “the pro - cess of determining the degree to which a model and its... determined that RMAT is highly con - crete code, potentially leading to redundancies in the code itself and making RMAT more difficult to maintain...system con - ceptual models valid, and are the data used to support them adequate? (Chapters Two and Three) 2. Are the sources and methods for populating

The Validity of the earth and space science learning materials with orientation on multiple intelligences and character education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liliawati, W.; Utama, J. A.; Ramalis, T. R.; Rochman, A. A.

2018-03-01

Validation of the Earth and Space Science learning the material in the chapter of the Earth's Protector based on experts (media & content expert and practitioners) and junior high school students' responses are presented. The data came from the development phase of the 4D method (Define, Design, Develop, Dissemination) which consist of two steps: expert appraisal and developmental testing. The instrument employed is rubric of suitability among the book contents with multiple intelligences activities, character education, a standard of book assessment, a questionnaires and close procedure. The appropriateness of the book contents with multiple intelligences, character education and standard of book assessment is in a good category. Meanwhile, students who used the book in their learning process gave a highly positive response; the book was easy to be understood. In general, the result of cloze procedure indicates high readability of the book. As our conclusion is the book chapter of the Earth's Protector can be used as a learning material accommodating students’ multiple intelligences and character internalization.

Spatial prediction of ground subsidence susceptibility using an artificial neural network.

PubMed

Lee, Saro; Park, Inhye; Choi, Jong-Kuk

2012-02-01

Ground subsidence in abandoned underground coal mine areas can result in loss of life and property. We analyzed ground subsidence susceptibility (GSS) around abandoned coal mines in Jeong-am, Gangwon-do, South Korea, using artificial neural network (ANN) and geographic information system approaches. Spatial data of subsidence area, topography, and geology, as well as various ground-engineering data, were collected and used to create a raster database of relevant factors for a GSS map. Eight major factors causing ground subsidence were extracted from the existing ground subsidence area: slope, depth of coal mine, distance from pit, groundwater depth, rock-mass rating, distance from fault, geology, and land use. Areas of ground subsidence were randomly divided into a training set to analyze GSS using the ANN and a test set to validate the predicted GSS map. Weights of each factor's relative importance were determined by the back-propagation training algorithms and applied to the input factor. The GSS was then calculated using the weights, and GSS maps were created. The process was repeated ten times to check the stability of analysis model using a different training data set. The map was validated using area-under-the-curve analysis with the ground subsidence areas that had not been used to train the model. The validation showed prediction accuracies between 94.84 and 95.98%, representing overall satisfactory agreement. Among the input factors, "distance from fault" had the highest average weight (i.e., 1.5477), indicating that this factor was most important. The generated maps can be used to estimate hazards to people, property, and existing infrastructure, such as the transportation network, and as part of land-use and infrastructure planning.

Downward longwave surface radiation from sun-synchronous satellite data - Validation of methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Darnell, W. L.; Gupta, S. K.; Staylor, W. F.

1986-01-01

An extensive study has been carried out to validate a satellite technique for estimating downward longwave radiation at the surface. The technique, mostly developed earlier, uses operational sun-synchronous satellite data and a radiative transfer model to provide the surface flux estimates. The satellite-derived fluxes were compared directly with corresponding ground-measured fluxes at four different sites in the United States for a common one-year period. This provided a study of seasonal variations as well as a diversity of meteorological conditions. Dome heating errors in the ground-measured fluxes were also investigated and were corrected prior to the comparisons. Comparison of the monthly averaged fluxes from the satellite and ground sources for all four sites for the entire year showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a standard error of estimate of 10 W/sq m. A brief description of the technique is provided, and the results validating the technique are presented.

Systematic review of the psychometric properties and theoretical grounding of instruments evaluating self-care in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Caro-Bautista, Jorge; Martín-Santos, Francisco Javier; Morales-Asencio, Jose Miguel

2014-06-01

To determine the psychometric properties and theoretical grounding of instruments that evaluate self-care behaviour or barriers in people with type 2 diabetes. There are many instruments designed to evaluate self-care behaviour or barriers in this population, but knowledge about their psychometric validation processes is lacking. Systematic review. We conducted a search for psychometric or validation studies published between January 1990-December 2012. We carried out searches in Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuolid, BibliPRO and Google SCHOLAR to identify instruments that evaluated self-care behaviours or barriers to diabetes self-care. We conducted a systematic review with the following inclusion criteria: Psychometric or clinimetric validation studies that included patients with type 2 diabetes (exclusively or partially) and which analysed self-care behaviour or barriers to self-care and proxies like self-efficacy or empowerment, from a multidimensional approach. Language: Spanish or English. Two authors independently assessed the quality of the studies and extracted data using Terwee's proposed criteria: psychometrics properties, dimensionality, theoretical ground and population used for validation through each included instrument. Sixteen instruments achieved the inclusion criteria for the review. We detected important methodological flaws in many of the selected instruments. Only the Self-management Profile for Type 2 Diabetes and Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale met half of Terwee's quality criteria. There are no instruments for identifying self-care behaviours or barriers elaborated with a strong validation process. Further research should be carried out to provide patients, clinicians and researchers with valid and reliable instruments that are methodologically solid and theoretically grounded. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Inventory of File nam.t00z.hawaiinest.hiresf00.tm00.gr

Science.gov Websites

m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 589 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 590 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL analysis Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 591 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil

Inventory of File nam.t00z.awp24200.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 034 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 035 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL analysis Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 036 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature

Inventory of File nam.t00z.firewxnest.hiresf00.tm00.gr

Science.gov Websites

m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 589 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 590 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL analysis Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 591 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil

Inventory of File nam.t00z.awip3200.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 620 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 621 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL analysis Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 622 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil

Inventory of File nam.t00z.conusnest.hiresf00.tm00.gri

Science.gov Websites

m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 589 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 590 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL analysis Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 591 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil

Inventory of File nam.t00z.alaskanest.hiresf00.tm00.gr

Science.gov Websites

m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 589 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 590 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL analysis Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 591 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil

Frustrated Magnetism in Low-Dimensional Lattices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tovar, Mayra

2011-12-01

In this dissertation we present the results of a theoretical investigation of spin models on two-dimensional and quasi one-dimensional lattices, all unified under the concept of quantum frustrated antiferromagnetism, and all discussing various aspects of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice. In the Introduction (Chapter 1), we discuss at some length such concepts as frustration and superexchange, among others, which are of common relevance in the rest of the chapters. In Chapter 2, we study the effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions on the zero-temperature magnetic susceptibility of systems whose low energy can be described by short-range valence bond states. Our work shows that this treatment is consistent with the experimentally observed non-vanishing susceptibility---in the specified temperature limit---of the spin-1/2 kagome antiferromagnetic compound ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2, also known as herbertsmithite. Although the objective of this work is explaining the aforementioned characteristic of the experimental system, our methods are more general and we apply them to the checkerboard and Shastry-Sutherland lattices as well. In Chapter 3, we discuss our findings in the study of ghost-mediated domain wall interactions in the diamondback ladder. These domain walls are the the spin excitations---the kinks and the antikinks---separating the ground states along one chain of the ladder. While as individual entities an antikink is energy costly and a kink energy free, our study finds that both interact via the ghosts that they produce in the opposite side of the ladder from where they are located. Through the study of these ghosts, we find that domain walls proliferate in the system above a critical value of the system's coupling constants. It is this proliferation that makes their treatment as free, non-interacting particles impossible, so we study here their interactions both quantitatively and qualitatively, in a region where the latter are yet not very strong, namely below the critical point. Based on the calculated two-body interaction potential, domain walls interact attractively (repulsively) when separated at even (odd) distances, with a strength that decays as 1/sp, where s is their separation and p<1. We also consider higher-order interactions. In the last chapter, Chapter 4, we present our study of the spin-1 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Our approach is to first consider an SU(2)-symmetric parent Hamiltonian with known ground states on the S=1 kagome lattice, in which nearest-neighbor Heisenberg interactions are already present. We then enhance these interactions by an additional Heisenberg term added perturbatively in order to move the system closer to a pure Heisenberg antiferromagnet. The results of this enhancement is obtaining a description of the system in terms of an effective Hamiltonian, namely a transverse field Ising AF on the triangular lattice. Based on the particular values of this effective Hamiltonian, our system is found to be in the order-by-disorder phase.

Design, Development, Testing, and Evaluation: Human Factors Engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adelstein, Bernard; Hobbs, Alan; OHara, John; Null, Cynthia

2006-01-01

While human-system interaction occurs in all phases of system development and operation, this chapter on Human Factors in the DDT&E for Reliable Spacecraft Systems is restricted to the elements that involve "direct contact" with spacecraft systems. Such interactions will encompass all phases of human activity during the design, fabrication, testing, operation, and maintenance phases of the spacecraft lifespan. This section will therefore consider practices that would accommodate and promote effective, safe, reliable, and robust human interaction with spacecraft systems. By restricting this chapter to what the team terms "direct contact" with the spacecraft, "remote" factors not directly involved in the development and operation of the vehicle, such as management and organizational issues, have been purposely excluded. However, the design of vehicle elements that enable and promote ground control activities such as monitoring, feedback, correction and reversal (override) of on-board human and automation process are considered as per NPR8705.2A, Section 3.3.

History of Artificial Gravity. Chapter 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clement, Gilles; Bukley, Angie; Paloski, William

2006-01-01

This chapter reviews the past and current projects on artificial gravity during space missions. The idea of a rotating wheel-like space station providing artificial gravity goes back in the writings of Tsiolkovsky, Noordung, and Wernher von Braun. Its most famous fictional representation is in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, which also depicts spin-generated artificial gravity aboard a space station and a spaceship bound for Jupiter. The O Neill-type space colony provides another classic illustration of this technique. A more realistic approach to rotating the space station is to provide astronauts with a smaller centrifuge contained within a spacecraft. The astronauts would go into it for a workout, and get their gravity therapeutic dose for a certain period of time, daily or a few times a week. This simpler concept is current being tested during ground-based studies in several laboratories around the world.

Multi-scale characterization of dissolution structures and porosity distribution in the upper part of the Biscayne aquifer using ground penetrating radar (GPR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mount, Gregory J.

The karst Biscayne aquifer is characterized by a heterogeneous spatial arrangement of porosity, making hydrogeological characterization difficult. In this dissertation, I investigate the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR), for understanding the spatial distribution of porosity variability in the Miami Limestone presented as a compilation of studies where scale of measurement is progressively increased to account for varying dimensions of dissolution features. In Chapter 2, GPR in zero offset acquisition mode is used to investigate the 2-D distribution of porosity and dielectric permittivity in a block of Miami Limestone at the laboratory scale (< 1.0 m). Petrophysical models based on fully saturated and unsaturated water conditions are used to estimate porosity and solid dielectric permittivity of the limestone. Results show a good correspondence between analytical and GPR-based porosity estimates and show variability between 22.0-66.0 %. In Chapter 3, GPR in common offset and common midpoint acquisition mode are used to estimate bulk porosity of the unsaturated Miami Limestone at the field scale (10.0-100.0 m). Estimates of porosity are based on the assumption that the directly measured water table reflector is flat and that any deviation is attributed to changes in velocity due to porosity variability. Results show sharp changes in porosity ranging between 33.2-60.9 % attributed to dissolution areas. In Chapter 4, GPR in common offset mode is used to characterize porosity variability in the saturated Biscayne aquifer at 100-1000 m field scales. The presence of numerous diffraction hyperbolae are used to estimate electromagnetic wave velocity and asses both horizontal and vertical changes in porosity after application of a petrophysical model. Results show porosity variability between 23.0-41.0 % and confirm the presence of isolated areas that could serve as enhanced infiltration or recharge. This research allows for the identification and delineation areas of macroporosity areas at 0.01 m lateral resolution and shows variability of porosity at different scales, reaching 37.0 % within 1.3 m, associated with areas of enhanced dissolution. Such improved resolution of porosity estimates can benefit water management efforts and transport modelling and help to better understand small scale relationships between ground water and surface water interactions.

Improved Tandem Measurement Techniques for Aerosol Particle Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rawat, Vivek Kumar

Non-spherical, chemically inhomogeneous (complex) nanoparticles are encountered in a number of natural and engineered environments, including combustion systems (which produces highly non-spherical aggregates), reactors used in gas-phase materials synthesis of doped or multicomponent materials, and in ambient air. These nanoparticles are often highly diverse in size, composition and shape, and hence require determination of property distribution functions for accurate characterization. This thesis focuses on development of tandem mobility-mass measurement techniques coupled with appropriate data inversion routines to facilitate measurement of two dimensional size-mass distribution functions while correcting for the non-idealities of the instruments. Chapter 1 provides the detailed background and motivation for the studies performed in this thesis. In chapter 2, the development of an inversion routine is described which is employed to determine two dimensional size-mass distribution functions from Differential Mobility Analyzer-Aerosol Particle Mass analyzer tandem measurements. Chapter 3 demonstrates the application of the two dimensional distribution function to compute cumulative mass distribution function and also evaluates the validity of this technique by comparing the calculated total mass concentrations to measured values for a variety of aerosols. In Chapter 4, this tandem measurement technique with the inversion routine is employed to analyze colloidal suspensions. Chapter 5 focuses on application of a transverse modulation ion mobility spectrometer coupled with a mass spectrometer to study the effect of vapor dopants on the mobility shifts of sub 2 nm peptide ion clusters. These mobility shifts are then compared to models based on vapor uptake theories. Finally, in Chapter 6, a conclusion of all the studies performed in this thesis is provided and future avenues of research are discussed.

EOS-Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI): Validation Requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brinksma, E. J.; McPeters, R.; deHaan, J. F.; Levelt, P. F.; Hilsenrath, E.; Bhartia, P. K.

2003-01-01

OMI is an advanced hyperspectral instrument that measures backscattered radiation in the UV and visible. It will be flown as part of the EOS Aura mission and provide data on atmospheric chemistry that is highly synergistic with other Aura instruments HIRDLS, MLS, and TES. OMI is designed to measure total ozone, aerosols, cloud information, and UV irradiances, continuing the TOMS series of global mapped products but with higher spatial resolution. In addition its hyperspectral capability enables measurements of trace gases such as SO2, NO2, HCHO, BrO, and OClO. A plan for validation of the various OM1 products is now being formulated. Validation of the total column and UVB products will rely heavily on existing networks of instruments, like NDSC. NASA and its European partners are planning aircraft missions for the validation of Aura instruments. New instruments and techniques (DOAS systems for example) will need to be developed, both ground and aircraft based. Lidar systems are needed for validation of the vertical distributions of ozone, aerosols, NO2 and possibly SO2. The validation emphasis will be on the retrieval of these products under polluted conditions. This is challenging because they often depend on the tropospheric profiles of the product in question, and because of large spatial variations in the troposphere. Most existing ground stations are located in, and equipped for, pristine environments. This is also true for almost all NDSC stations. OMI validation will need ground based sites in polluted environments and specially developed instruments, complementing the existing instrumentation.

48 CFR 227.7103-13 - Government right to review, verify, challenge and validate asserted restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... validation. Contracting officers must have reasonable grounds to challenge the current validity of an... available information pertaining to the assertion. All challenges must be made in accordance with the provisions of the clause at 252.227-7037, Validation of Restrictive Markings on Technical Data. (1) Challenge...

Frailty's Place in Ethics and Law: Some Thoughts on Equality and Autonomy and on Limits and Possibilities for Aging Citizens.

PubMed

McNally, Mary; Lahey, William

2015-01-01

Consideration of ethical and legal themes relating to frailty must engage with the concern that frailty is a pejorative concept that validates and reinforces the disadvantage and vulnerability of aging adults. In this chapter, we consider whether a greater focus on frailty may indeed be part of the solution to the disadvantages that aging adults face in achieving equality and maintaining their autonomy within systems that have used their frailty to deny them equality and autonomy. First, by examining equality both as an ethical norm and as a requirement for protections against discrimination, we raise questions about the grounds on which health providers and health systems can be required to give equal concern and respect to the needs of frail older persons. Second, we explore autonomy and identify the tension between meaningful self-determination and prevailing ethical and legal norms associated with informed choice. Third, we argue that a proper understanding of frailty is essential within both of these themes; it respects equality by enabling health providers and systems to identify and address the distinct care needs of aging adults and helps to align informed choice theory with appropriate processes for decision-making about those needs. 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Science and ecological literacy in undergraduate field studies education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mapp, Kim J.

There is an ever-increasing number of issues that face our world today; from climate change, water and food scarcity, to pollution and resource extraction. Science and ecology play fundamental roles in these problems, and yet the understanding of these fields is limited in our society (Miller, 2002; McBride, Brewer, Berkowitz, and Borrie, 2013). Across the nation students are finishing their undergraduate degrees and are expected to enter the workforce and society with the skills needed to succeed. The deficit of science and ecological literacy in these students has been recognized and a call for reform begun (D'Avanzo, 2003 and NRC, 2009). This mixed-methods study looked at how a field studies course could fill the gap of science and ecological literacy in undergraduates. Using grounded theory, five key themes were data-derived; definitions, systems thinking, human's role in the environment, impetus for change and transference. These themes where then triangulated for validity and reliability through qualitative and quantitative assessments. A sixth theme was also identified, the learning environment. Due to limited data to support this themes' development and reliability it is discussed in Chapter 5 to provide recommendations for further research. Key findings show that this field studies program influenced students' science and ecological literacy through educational theory and practice.

Atmospheric Signals Associated with Major Earthquakes. A Multi-Sensor Approach. Chapter 9

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ouzounov, Dimitar; Pulinets, Sergey; Hattori, Katsumi; Kafatos, Menas; Taylor, Patrick

2011-01-01

We are studying the possibility of a connection between atmospheric observation recorded by several ground and satellites as earthquakes precursors. Our main goal is to search for the existence and cause of physical phenomenon related to prior earthquake activity and to gain a better understanding of the physics of earthquake and earthquake cycles. The recent catastrophic earthquake in Japan in March 2011 has provided a renewed interest in the important question of the existence of precursory signals preceding strong earthquakes. We will demonstrate our approach based on integration and analysis of several atmospheric and environmental parameters that were found associated with earthquakes. These observations include: thermal infrared radiation, radon! ion activities; air temperature and humidity and a concentration of electrons in the ionosphere. We describe a possible physical link between atmospheric observations with earthquake precursors using the latest Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling model, one of several paradigms used to explain our observations. Initial results for the period of2003-2009 are presented from our systematic hind-cast validation studies. We present our findings of multi-sensor atmospheric precursory signals for two major earthquakes in Japan, M6.7 Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki of July16, 2007 and the latest M9.0 great Tohoku earthquakes of March 11,2011

VISAGE Visualization for Integrated Satellite, Airborne and Ground-Based Data Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Conover, Helen; Berendes, Todd; Naeger, Aaron; Maskey, Manil; Gatlin, Patrick; Wingo, Stephanie; Kulkarni, Ajinkya; Gupta, Shivangi; Nagaraj, Sriraksha; Wolff, David;

Dynamic model for predicting growth of salmonella spp. in ground sterile pork

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Predictive model for Salmonella spp. growth in ground pork was developed and validated using kinetic growth data. Salmonella spp. kinetic growth data in ground pork was collected at several isothermal conditions (between 10 and 45C) and Baranyi model was fitted to describe the growth at each temper...

Atmospheric Polarization Imaging with Variable Aerosols, Clouds, and Surface Albedo

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

but partly supported by AFOSR polarization funds); 6. Mr. Gavin Lommatsch – undergraduate student developing NIR polarimetry ; 7. Ms. Elizabeth...grant: 1. J. S. Tyo, D. B. Chenault, J. A. Shaw, D. H. Goldstein, “Techniques in Imaging Polarimetry ,” Chapter 18 in D. H. Goldstein, Polarized Light...A. Barta, J. Gal, B. Suhai, and O. Haiman, “Ground-based full-sky imaging polarimetry of rapidly skies and its use for polarimetric cloud detection

Inactivation of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Infectious Medical Waste. A Literature Review of Current On-Site Treatment Technologies.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

by thermal inactivation, removal in soil, and dilution in ground and surface waters . 0 18 Chapter II: Treatment Technologies Kinetics of Thermal...reaction with water in which the proteins coagulate or precipitate. This is analogous to heat transforming the raw egg medium into a rigid egg white...to either allow germination and outgrowth after adsorption and diffusion of nutrients and water , or penetration of high energy levels of heat which

Competing Visions of Aerospace Power: A Language for the 21st Century.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-02-21

Power and the Ground War in Vietnam (Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, January 1988; Richard J. Overy, "Air Power and the... Richard the Lionhearted. These warriors studied carefully all five books of the De re militari, but they particularly valued the 26 chapters on...measure, or even to express in precise terms.ඇ 62 Beyerchen, "Clausewitz, Nonlinearity, and War," 63. Quoted in Andrew G. B. Vallance , "The

An Independent Evaluation of the Engineer Proving Ground.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-03-01

includes such prestigious hotels as the Ritz - Carlton . The Reston/Dulles corridor includes a major international airport. As such, one would expect...Development Plan 2-9 Next Steps 2-10 Chapter 3. Market Analysis of Planned EPG Land Uses 3-1 Office Space 3-1 Housing 3-10 Hotels /Motels 3-13... hotel and retail space. The proposed land use allo- cation is currently under review by Fairfax County. Table 2-1 summarizes the Army’s proposed

Ground-water development and problems in Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Crosthwaite, E.G.

1954-01-01

The development of groundwater for irrigation in Idaho, as most of you know, has proceeded at phenomenal rate since the Second World War. In the period 1907 to 1944 inclusive only about 328 valid permits and licenses to appropriate ground water were issued by the state. thereafter 28 permits became valid in 1945, 83 in 1946, and 121 in 1947. Sine 1947 permits and licenses have been issued at the rate of more than 400 a year.  

Educating science teachers for sustainability: questions, contradictions and possibilities for rethinking learning and pedagogy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahm, Jrène; Gorges, Anna

2017-09-01

In this review, we explore what educating science teachers for sustainability implies according to the 23 book chapters and many sampled teacher education and science methods courses in the edited book by Susan Stratton, Rita Hagevick, Allan Feldman and Mark Bloom, entitled Educating Science Teachers for Sustainability, published in 2015 by Springer as part of the ASTE Series in Science Education. We situate the review in the current complex landscape of discourses around sustainability education, exploring its grounding in an anthropocentric ideology next to emancipatory practices and a holistic vision of the world. We offer a quick overview of the chapters and themes addressed. We then take up some ideas to think with. We are particularly invested in thinking about the implications of sustainability education as going beyond science teachers and science education, and as implying a serious engagement with and critique of current unsustainable ways of living. We play with the idea of taking sustainability education beyond neoliberal ideals of education and offer some suggestions by bringing in voices of students, youth, land-based learning and the idea of living sustainability. We also explore what indigenous scholars and epistemologies could have contributed to an exploration of sustainability education, a voice that was absent in the book, yet helps desettle the conversation and actions taken, moving the discourse beyond an Eurocentric grounding.

Inventory of File nam.t00z.awip3d06.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

below ground TSOIL 6 hour fcst Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 433 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW 6 hour fcst Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 434 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL 6 hour fcst Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 435 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL 6 hour fcst

The Deformation of Overburden Soil and Interaction with Pile Foundations of Bridges Induced by Normal Faulting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Liang-Chun; Li, Chien-Hung; Chan, Pei-Chen; Lin, Ming-Lang

2017-04-01

According to the investigations of well-known disastrous earthquakes in recent years, ground deformation induced by faulting is one of the causes for engineering structure damages in addition to strong ground motion. Most of structures located on faulting zone has been destroyed by fault offset. Take the Norcia Earthquake in Italy (2016, Mw=6.2) as an example, the highway bridge in Arquata crossing the rupture area of the active normal fault suffered a quantity of displacement which causing abutment settlement, the piers of bridge fractured and so on. However, The Seismic Design Provisions and Commentary for Highway Bridges in Taiwan, the stating of it in the general rule of first chapter, the design in bridges crossing active fault: "This specification is not applicable of making design in bridges crossing or near active fault, that design ought to the other particular considerations ".This indicates that the safty of bridges crossing active fault are not only consider the seismic performance, the most ground deformation should be attended. In this research, to understand the failure mechanism and the deformation characteristics, we will organize the case which the bridges subjected faulting at home and abroad. The processes of research are through physical sandbox experiment and numerical simulation by discrete element models (PFC3-D). The normal fault case in Taiwan is Shanchiao Fault. As above, the research can explore the deformation in overburden soil and the influences in the foundations of bridges by normal faulting. While we can understand the behavior of foundations, we will make the bridge superstructures into two separations, simple beam and continuous beam and make a further research on the main control variables in bridges by faulting. Through the above mentioned, we can then give appropriate suggestions about planning considerations and design approaches. This research presents results from sandbox experiment and 3-D numerical analysis to simulate overburden soil and embedded pile foundations subjected to normal faulting. In order to validate this numerical model, it is compared to sandbox experiments. Since the 3-D numerical analysis corresponds to the sandbox expeiments, the response of pile foundations and ground deformation induced by normal faulting are discussed. To understand the 3-D behavior of ground deformation and pile foundations, the observation such as the triangular shear zone, the width of primary deformation zone and the inclination, displacements, of the pile foundations are discussed in experiments and simulations. Furthermore, to understand the safty of bridges crossing faulting zone. The different superstructures of bridges, simple beam and continuous beam will be discussed subsequently in simulations.

Review of Army Officer Educational System. Volume 1. Summary Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1971-12-01

13-5 V. StaffingGuide. . . . . . . . .. 13-6 VI. Academic Facilities .................. 13-9 VII. Educational Innovations . . . . . .... . 13-10 14...report does not lean heavily on statistical support. It gives references, research, and statistical data only when essential to validity, accuracy, or...Leadership, History, Interbranch and Interservice Education , Facilities , Regulations, Staffing Guide, Educational Innovations Chapter 14 - Concluding

Designing Assessments for Instruction and Accountability: An Application of Validity Theory to Assessing Scientific Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frederiksen, John R.; White, Barbara Y.

2004-01-01

This chapter is concerned with how assessments of students' work in classrooms, although primarily intended to promote learning, can also become an important source of information for evaluating a school's effectiveness within an accountability system. The authors begin their discussion by considering issues of fairness, to schools and to their…

Mercury and halogens in coal: Chapter 2

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kolker, Allan; Quick, Jeffrey C.; Granite, Evan J.; Pennline, Henry W.; Senior, Constance L.

2014-01-01

Apart from mercury itself, coal rank and halogen content are among the most important factors inherent in coal that determine the proportion of mercury captured by conventional controls during coal combustion. This chapter reviews how mercury in coal occurs, gives available concentration data for mercury in U.S. and international commercial coals, and provides an overview of the natural variation in halogens that influence mercury capture. Three databases, the U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (USGS COALQUAL) database for in-ground coals, and the 1999 and 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Information Collection Request (ICR) databases for coals delivered to power stations, provide extensive results for mercury and other parameters that are compared in this chapter. In addition to the United States, detailed characterization of mercury is available on a nationwide basis for China, whose mean values in recent compilations are very similar to the United States in-ground mean of 0.17 ppm mercury. Available data for the next five largest producers (India, Australia, South Africa, the Russian Federation, and Indonesia) are more limited and with the possible exceptions of Australia and the Russian Federation, do not allow nationwide means for mercury in coal to be calculated. Chlorine in coal varies as a function of rank and correspondingly, depth of burial. As discussed elsewhere in this volume, on a proportional basis, bromine is more effective than chlorine in promoting mercury oxidation in flue gas and capture by conventional controls. The ratio of bromine to chlorine in coal is indicative of the proportion of halogens present in formation waters within a coal basin. This ratio is relatively constant except in coals that have interacted with deep-basin brines that have reached halite saturation, enriching residual fluids in bromine. Results presented here help optimize mercury capture by conventional controls and provide a starting point for implementation of mercury-specific controls discussed elsewhere in this volume.

Development of 2-D-MAX-DOAS and retrievals of trace gases and aerosols optical properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ortega, Ivan

Air pollution is a major problem worldwide that adversely a_ects human health, impacts ecosystems and climate. In the atmosphere, there are hundreds of important compounds participating in complex atmospheric reactions linked to air quality and climate. Aerosols are relevant because they modify the radiation balance, a_ect clouds, and thus Earth albedo. The amount of aerosol is often characterized by the vertical integral through the entire height of the atmosphere of the logarithm fraction of incident light that is extinguished called Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). The AOD at 550 nm (AOD550) over land is 0.19 (multi annual global mean), and that over oceans is 0.13. About 43 % of the Earth surface shows AOD550 smaller than 0.1. There is a need for measurement techniques that are optimized to measure aerosol optical properties under low AOD conditions, sample spatial scales that resemble satellite ground-pixels and atmospheric models, and help integrate remote sensing and in-situ observations to obtain optical closure on the effects of aerosols and trace gases in our changing environment. In this work, I present the recent development of the University of Colorado two dimensional (2-D) Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument to measure the azimuth and altitude distribution of trace gases and aerosol optical properties simultaneously with a single instrument. The instrument measures solar scattered light from any direction in the sky, including direct sun light in the hyperspectral domain. In Chapter 2, I describe the capabilities of 2-D measurements in the context of retrievals of azimuth distributions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), and glyoxal (CHOCHO), which are precursors for tropospheric O3 and aerosols. The measurements were carried out during the Multi-Axis DOAS Comparison campaign for Aerosols and Trace gases (MAD-CAT) campaign in Mainz, Germany and show the ability to bridge spatial scales to satellites and atmospheric models. Chapter 3 presents an innovative retrieval approach to measure AOD430 and the aerosol phase function parameter, g, without the need for absolute radiance calibration; the retrieval is based on solar azimuth distributions of the Raman Scattering Probability (RSP), the near-absolute Rotational Raman Scattering (RRS) intensity, during the Department of Energy Two Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) at Cape Cod, MA. Furthermore, the TCAP field campaign provides a unique dataset to evaluate innovative retrieval algorithms and perform radiation closure studies. In Chapters 4 I describe the effect of persistent elevated aerosol layers on the apparent absorption of the collision induced absorption of oxygen (O2-O2, or O4) as seen by the ground based 2-D-MAX-DOAS. Chapter 5 discusses the effect of chemical composition of aerosols for optical closure of aerosol extinction as characterized by ground based (2-D-MAX-DOAS) and airborne remote sensing instruments (HSRL-2) and in-situ observations of aerosol optical properties calculated from size distributions measured aboard the DoE G-1 aircraft. Chapter 5 also includes a discussion on the effects of dry, moist, and size-corrections that need to be applied to the in-situ observations in order to infer extinction in the atmosphere. In the final Chapter 6, I present a comprehensive analysis of CHOCHO, HCHO, and NO2 column measurements obtained in multiple field deployments of MAX-DOAS under different NOx (NO + NO2) conditions and VOC precursors. In particular, I assess the magnitude of the ratio of CHOCHO to HCHO (RGF), which has been proposed as a metric to distinguish biogenic and/or anthropogenic VOC (BVOC/AVOC) influences, and show with box-modeling that the concentration of NO2 and dictates the value of RGF . I proposed a new metric of RGF based on box-modeling and field measurements to distinguish AVOC/BVOC influences and split in BVOCs.

In Pursuit of New Worlds: Searches for and Studies of Transiting Exoplanets from Three Space-Based Observatories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ballard, Sarah Ashley

2012-01-01

This thesis presents studies of transiting exoplanets using observations gathered in large part from space, with the NASA EPOXI Mission, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Kepler Mission. The first part of this thesis describes searches for additional transiting planets in known exoplanet systems, using time series photometry gathered as part of the NASA EPOXI Mission. Using the EPOXI light curves spanning weeks for each star, we searched six exoplanetary systems for signatures of additional transiting planets. These six systems include five hosts to hot Jupiters: HAT-P-4, TrES-3, TrES-2, WASP-3, and HAT-P-7, and one host to a hot Neptune: GJ 436. We place upper limits on the presence of additional transiting planets in the super-Earth radius range for GJ 436 in Chapter 2, and in the Neptune-to-Saturn radius range for the other five systems in Chapter 4. Chapter 3 details a search for additional transits of a hypothesized planet smaller than the Earth, whose presence was suggested by the EPOXI observations of GJ 436. In that study, we demonstrate the sensitivity of Warm Spitzer observations to transits of a sub-Earth-sized planet. The fifth chapter details the characterization and validation of the Kepler-19 system, which hosts a transiting 2.2 R⊕ planet, Kepler-19b. We demonstrate the planetary nature of the transit signal with an analysis that combines information from high-resolution spectroscopy, the shape of the transit light curve, adaptive optics imaging, and near-infrared transits of the planet. The sinusoidal variation in the transit times of Kepler-19b indicates the presence of an additional perturbing body, and comprises the first definitive detection of a planet using the transit timing variation method. While we cannot uniquely determine the mass and orbital period of Kepler-19c, we establish that its mass must be less than 6 times the mass of Jupiter. The sixth chapter presents evidence for the validation of a 2.0 R ⊕ planet residing in the habitable zone of a low-mass star, Kepler Object of Interest 1361.01. We discuss the theoretical composition of the planet, and address issues specific to habitability of planets orbiting M dwarfs.

Constraints and conundrums resulting from ground-deformation measurements made during the 2004-2005 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Chapter 14 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dzurisin, Daniel; Lisowski, Michael; Poland, Michael P.; Sherrod, David R.; LaHusen, Richard G.; Sherrod, David R.; Scott, William E.; Stauffer, Peter H.

2008-01-01

Lack of precursory inflation suggests that the volcano was poised to erupt magma already stored in a crustal reservoir when JRO1 was installed in 1997. Trilateration and campaign GPS data indicate surface dilatation, presumably caused by reservoir expansion between 1982 and 1991, but no measurable deformation between 1991 and 2003. We conclude that all three of the traditionally reliable eruption precursors (seismicity, ground deformation, and volcanic gas emission) failed to provide warning that an eruption was imminent until a few days before a visible welt appeared at the surface--a situation reminiscent of the 1980 north-flank bulge at Mount St. Helens.

Bubbles, voids, and bumps in time: The new cosmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cornell, James

The history and current status of theoretical and observational cosmology are examined in chapters based on the Lowell Lectures, given in Boston and Washington DC in spring 1987. Topics addressed include the Aristotelian, Copernican, Newtonian, and Einsteinian universes; the measurement of the universe (redshifts and standard candles); mapping the universe (slices and bubbles); dark matter and missing mass; and the big bang and cosmic inflation. Six basic outstanding problems are identified, and the potential contributions of planned ground-based and space observatories to their solution are discussed. Particular attention is given to CCD detectors for large ground-based telescopes, the VLA, VLBI arrays, the ESO Very Large Telescope, the 10-m Keck telescope on Mauna Kea, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Gamma-Ray Observatory, and the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility.

Islamic values in the Kuwaiti curriculum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alshahen, Ghanim A.

This study investigated the influence of Islamic values on the curriculum, in particular the Islamic studies and science curricula. Three questionnaires were developed, validated, and used to investigate teachers' and pupils' attitudes toward Islamic values in the curriculum. Four main sections deal with Islamic values in the Islamic studies and science curricula, namely: Islamic values in the textbook, teaching Islamic values, the relationship between Islamic values and the science curriculum, and the Islamic values model. Two instruments were used in this study: questionnaires and interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative data were generated from the sample, which consisted of Islamic studies and science teachers and supervisors in intermediate schools, and pupils studying in the eighth grade in intermediate schools. In the last case, the data were gathered by questionnaire only. The interviews and questionnaires provided explanatory data. The research was carried out in three phases, considering respectively 55 Islamic studies teachers, 55 science teachers who teach the eighth grade in intermediate schools, and 786 pupils who study in the eighth grade in 20 schools. In each school, the researcher selected two classes. This thesis consists of eight chapters. Chapter One provides a general introduction and highlights the general framework of this study. Chapter Two is concerned with the development of the education system in Kuwait and the objectives of the Islamic studies and science curricula in the intermediate stage. Chapter Three presents the conceptions of values, the Islamic values model, and Islamic values in the curriculum. Chapter Four describes the objectives of the study, and its research design methods and procedures used to develop the instruments. The sampling procedure, the data collection procedures, and the statistical methods used to analyse the data are also described. Chapter Five presents and interprets the findings of this study. Data analysis in this chapter deals with the Islamic studies and science teachers' questionnaires and both the teachers' and supervisors' interviews. The interview findings are dealt with according to the key themes. Chapter Seven discusses the main findings related to Islamic values in both curricula. Chapter Eight reflects on the main themes of the investigation as a whole. It gives a brief description of the aims and methods of the study and sets out the major findings, their importance, and limitations. Finally, the study concludes with several recommendations and suggestions for developing Islamic values in the curriculum.

8 CFR 212.3 - Application for the exercise of discretion under section 212(c).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... these previously unidentified grounds or upon new ground(s), a new application must be filed. (e) Filing... shall be made to the Immigration Court. (b) Filing of application. The application may be filed prior to... Immigration Judge as provided in paragraph (e) of this section. (d) Validity. Once an application is approved...

Validation and Error Characterization for the Global Precipitation Measurement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bidwell, Steven W.; Adams, W. J.; Everett, D. F.; Smith, E. A.; Yuter, S. E.

2003-01-01

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is an international effort to increase scientific knowledge on the global water cycle with specific goals of improving the understanding and the predictions of climate, weather, and hydrology. These goals will be achieved through several satellites specifically dedicated to GPM along with the integration of numerous meteorological satellite data streams from international and domestic partners. The GPM effort is led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States and the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan. In addition to the spaceborne assets, international and domestic partners will provide ground-based resources for validating the satellite observations and retrievals. This paper describes the validation effort of Global Precipitation Measurement to provide quantitative estimates on the errors of the GPM satellite retrievals. The GPM validation approach will build upon the research experience of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) retrieval comparisons and its validation program. The GPM ground validation program will employ instrumentation, physical infrastructure, and research capabilities at Supersites located in important meteorological regimes of the globe. NASA will provide two Supersites, one in a tropical oceanic and the other in a mid-latitude continental regime. GPM international partners will provide Supersites for other important regimes. Those objectives or regimes not addressed by Supersites will be covered through focused field experiments. This paper describes the specific errors that GPM ground validation will address, quantify, and relate to the GPM satellite physical retrievals. GPM will attempt to identify the source of errors within retrievals including those of instrument calibration, retrieval physical assumptions, and algorithm applicability. With the identification of error sources, improvements will be made to the respective calibration, assumption, or algorithm. The instrumentation and techniques of the Supersites will be discussed. The GPM core satellite, with its dual-frequency radar and conically scanning radiometer, will provide insight into precipitation drop-size distributions and potentially increased measurement capabilities of light rain and snowfall. The ground validation program will include instrumentation and techniques commensurate with these new measurement capabilities.

Inventory of File spread.sref.cluster1.f03.grib2

Science.gov Websites

Records: 40 Number Level/Layer Parameter Forecast Valid Description 001 2 m above ground TMP 3 hour fcst Temperature [K] std dev 002 2 m above ground TMP 3 hour fcst Temperature [K] std dev 003 2 m above ground SPFH 3 hour fcst Specific Humidity [kg/kg] std dev 004 2 m above ground RH 3 hour fcst Relative Humidity

Inventory of File mean.sref.cluster1.f03.grib2

Science.gov Websites

Records: 40 Number Level/Layer Parameter Forecast Valid Description 001 2 m above ground TMP 3 hour fcst Temperature [K] wt ens-mean 002 2 m above ground TMP 3 hour fcst Temperature [K] wt ens-mean 003 2 m above ground SPFH 3 hour fcst Specific Humidity [kg/kg] wt ens-mean 004 2 m above ground RH 3 hour fcst

SAS molecular tests Escherichia coli O157 detection kit. Performance tested method 031203.

PubMed

Bapanpally, Chandra; Montier, Laura; Khan, Shah; Kasra, Akif; Brunelle, Sharon L

2014-01-01

The SAS Molecular tests Escherichia coli O157 Detection method, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method, performed as well as or better than the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference methods for ground beef, beef trim, bagged mixed lettuce, and fresh spinach. Ground beef (30% fat, 25 g test portion) was validated for 7-8 h enrichment, leafy greens were validated in a 6-7 h enrichment, and ground beef (30% fat, 375 g composite test portion) and beef trim (375 g composite test portion) were validated in a 16-20 h enrichment. The method performance for meat and leafy green matrixes was also shown to be acceptable under conditions of co-enrichment with Salmonella. Thus, after a short co-enrichment step, ground beef, beef trim, lettuce, and spinach can be tested for both Salmonella and E. coli O157. The SAS Molecular tests Salmonella Detection Kit was validated using the same test portions as for the SAS Molecular tests E. coli O157 Detection Kit and those results are presented in a separate report. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing revealed no false negatives and no false positives among the 50 E. coli 0157 strains, including H7 and non-motile strains, and 30 non-E. coli O157 strains examined. Finally, the method was shown to be robust when variations to DNA extract hold time and DNA volume were varied. The method comparison and robustness data suggest a full 7 h enrichment time should be used for 25 g ground beef test portions.

A new map of permafrost distribution on the Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Defu; Zhao, Lin; Sheng, Yu; Chen, Ji; Hu, Guojie; Wu, Tonghua; Wu, Jichun; Xie, Changwei; Wu, Xiaodong; Pang, Qiangqiang; Wang, Wu; Du, Erji; Li, Wangping; Liu, Guangyue; Li, Jing; Qin, Yanhui; Qiao, Yongping; Wang, Zhiwei; Shi, Jianzong; Cheng, Guodong

2017-11-01

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has the largest areas of permafrost terrain in the mid- and low-latitude regions of the world. Some permafrost distribution maps have been compiled but, due to limited data sources, ambiguous criteria, inadequate validation, and deficiency of high-quality spatial data sets, there is high uncertainty in the mapping of the permafrost distribution on the TP. We generated a new permafrost map based on freezing and thawing indices from modified Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperatures (LSTs) and validated this map using various ground-based data sets. The soil thermal properties of five soil types across the TP were estimated according to an empirical equation and soil properties (moisture content and bulk density). The temperature at the top of permafrost (TTOP) model was applied to simulate the permafrost distribution. Permafrost, seasonally frozen ground, and unfrozen ground covered areas of 1.06 × 106 km2 (0.97-1.15 × 106 km2, 90 % confidence interval) (40 %), 1.46 × 106 (56 %), and 0.03 × 106 km2 (1 %), respectively, excluding glaciers and lakes. Ground-based observations of the permafrost distribution across the five investigated regions (IRs, located in the transition zones of the permafrost and seasonally frozen ground) and three highway transects (across the entire permafrost regions from north to south) were used to validate the model. Validation results showed that the kappa coefficient varied from 0.38 to 0.78 with a mean of 0.57 for the five IRs and 0.62 to 0.74 with a mean of 0.68 within the three transects. Compared with earlier studies, the TTOP modelling results show greater accuracy. The results provide more detailed information on the permafrost distribution and basic data for use in future research on the Tibetan Plateau permafrost.

The ESA SMOS Validation Rehearsal Campaign at the Valencia Anchor Station Area in the Framework of the SMOS Cal/Val AO Project no. 3252

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lopez-Baeza, E.

2009-04-01

Since 2001, the Valencia Anchor Station is currently being prepared for the validation of SMOS land products. The site has recently been selected by the Mission as a core validation site, mainly due to the reasonable homogeneous characteristics of the area which make it appropriate to undertake the validation of SMOS Level 2 land products during the Mission Commissioning Phase, before attempting more complex areas. Close to SMOS launch, ESA defined and designed the SMOS Validation Rehearsal Campaign Plan with the purpose of repeating the Commissioning Phase execution with all centers, all tools, all participants, all structures, all data available, assuming that all tools and structures are ready and trying to produce as close as possible the post-launch conditions. The aim was to test the readiness, the ensemble coordination and the speed of operations to be able to avoid as far as possible any unexpected deficiencies of the plan and procedure during the real Commissioning Phase campaigns. For the rehearsal activity which successfully took place in April 2008, a control area of 10 x 10 km2 was chosen at the Valencia Anchor Station study area where a network of ground soil moisture measuring stations is being set up based on the definition of homogeneous physio-hydrological units, attending to climatic, soil type, lithology, geology, elevation, slope and vegetation cover conditions. These stations are linked via a wireless communication system to a master post accessible via internet. Complementary to the ground measurements, flight operations were performed over the control area using the Helsinki University of Technology TKK Short Skyvan research aircraft. The payload for the campaign consisted of the following instruments: (i) L-band radiometer EMIRAD (Technical University of Denmark, TUD), (ii) HUT-2D L-band imaging interferometric radiometer (TKK), (iii) PARIS GPS reflectrometry system (Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia, IEEC), (iv) IR sensor (Finnish Institute of Maritime Research, FIMR). Together with the ground soil moisture measurements, other ground and meteorological measurements from the Valencia Anchor Station area, kindly provided by other institutions, are currently been used to simulate passive microwave brightness temperature to have satellite "match ups" for validation purposes and to test the retrieval algorithms. The spatialization of the ground measurements up to a SMOS pixel is carried out by using a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer (SVAT) model (SURFEX, SURFace EXternalisée) from Météo France. Output data, particularly soil moisture, will then be used to simulate the L-band surface emission through the use of the L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere) model. For that purpose, the microwave model uses specific ground information regarding the soil and vegetation properties provided by the validation teams. The aggregation of the brightness temperatures at the SMOS pixel scale is then carried out in an operational way taking into account the SMOS viewing configuration and antenna properties. This paper presents an overview of the ESA SMOS Validation Rehearsal Campaign at the Valencia Anchor Station area making more emphasis on the development of the ground activities which are significant for the performance of the different validation components and giving an outline of the methodology to be used for the whole SMOS Reference Pixel.

Location and site characteristics of the ambient ground-water-quality-monitoring network in West Virginia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kozar, M.D.; Brown, D.P.

1995-01-01

Ground-water-quality-monitoring sites have been established in compliance with the 1991 West Virginia "Groundwater Protection Act." One of the provisions of the "Groundwater Protection Act" is to conduct ground-water sampling, data collection, analyses, and evaluation with sufficient frequency so as to ascertain the characteristics and quality of ground water and the sufficiency of the ground- water protection programs established pursuant to the act (Chapter 20 of the code of West Virginia, 1991, Article 5-M). Information for 26 monitoring sites (wells and springs) which comprise the Statewide ambient ground-water-quality-monitoring network is presented. Areas in which monitoring sites were needed were determined by the West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection, Office of Water Resources in consultation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Initial sites were chosen on the basis of recent hydrogeologic investigations conducted by the USGS and from data stored in the USGS Ground Water Site Inventory database. Land use, aquifer setting, and areal coverage of the State are three of the more important criteria used in site selection. A field reconnaissance was conducted to locate and evaluate the adequacy of selected wells and springs. Descriptive information consisting of site, geologic, well construction, and aquifer-test data has been compiled. The 26 sites will be sampled periodically for iron, manganese, most common ions (for example, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate), volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (for example, pesticides and industrial solvents), and fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus bacteria. Background information explaining ground-water systems and water quality within the State has been included.

A Study of a Classical Leader: Sun Tzu and His Influence on Mao Tse-Tung

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-01

lived. The primary source for this chapter is Dr. Samuel B. Griffith’s translation of the treatise from Sun Hsing- yen , a leading Chinese authority on Sun...Ch in, Wei, Han, Chao, Yen , and Yueh. The latter two states played no major parts in the wars which were to eventually unite China. Because all the...troops. 8. The nine variables: The nine variables of tactics are as follows: (.) You should not encamp in low-lying ground. (2.) In communicating

Aerothermodynamics of blunt body entry vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hollis, Brian R.; Borrelli, Salvatore

2012-01-01

In this chapter, the aerothermodynamic phenomena of blunt body entry vehicles are discussed. Four topics will be considered that present challenges to current computational modeling techniques for blunt body environments: turbulent flow, non-equilibrium flow, rarefied flow, and radiation transport. Examples of comparisons between computational tools to ground and flight-test data will be presented in order to illustrate the challenges existing in the numerical modeling of each of these phenomena and to provide test cases for evaluation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code predictions.

Quest for the High Ground: The Development of SEAD Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-06-01

Gulf War,” Journal of Electronic Defense 14, no. 5 (May 1991), 44. 81 Group Captain A G B Vallance , “The Gulf War: First Thoughts on the Use of Air...showed the use of mass to concentrate the effects of firepower and saturate enemy defenses. Vallance , 31. 83 The Soviet General Staff was highly...April 1991, 49. Vallance , 30-31. 87 Keaney, 273. 24 Chapter 3 Air Defense Systems Effective suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) operations

Cultivating Fertile Grounds: Enhancing and Extending the Scientific Base of Social and Emotional Learning--A Commentary on "The Scientific Base Linking Social and Emotional Learning to School Success," a Chapter by Joseph E. Zins, Michelle R. Bloodworth, Roger P. Weissberg, and Herbert J. Walberg

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manz, Patricia H.

2007-01-01

Joseph Zins was a forerunner in empirically demonstrating the interrelationship of SEL interventions and school success. This commentary highlights his perspectives on the accumulating body of evidence for the academic gains that have been associated with various SEL interventions and aims to show how new research methodologies can further extend…

Aerosol Remote Sensing from AERONET, the Ground-Based Satellite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holben, Brent N.

2012-01-01

Atmospheric particles including mineral dust, biomass burning smoke, pollution from carbonaceous aerosols and sulfates, sea salt, impact air quality and climate. The Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, established in the early 1990s, is a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks of Sun/sky radiometers distributed around the world, which provides a long-term, continuous and readily accessible public domain database of aerosol optical (e.g., aerosol optical depth) and microphysical (e.g., aerosol volume size distribution) properties for aerosol characterization, validation of satellite retrievals, and synergism with Earth science databases. Climatological aerosol properties will be presented at key worldwide locations exhibiting discrete dominant aerosol types. Further, AERONET's temporary mesoscale network campaign (e.g., UAE2, TIGERZ, DRAGON-USA.) results that attempt to quantify spatial and temporal variability of aerosol properties, establish validation of ground-based aerosol retrievals using aircraft profile measurements, and measure aerosol properties on compatible spatial scales with satellite retrievals and aerosol transport models allowing for more robust validation will be discussed.

Initial Development and Validation of the Global Citizenship Scale

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morais, Duarte B.; Ogden, Anthony C.

2011-01-01

The purpose of this article is to report on the initial development of a theoretically grounded and empirically validated scale to measure global citizenship. The methodology employed is multi-faceted, including two expert face validity trials, extensive exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with multiple datasets, and a series of three…

Microbiological Validation of the IVGEN System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Porter, David A.

2013-01-01

The principal purpose of this report is to describe a validation process that can be performed in part on the ground prior to launch, and in space for the IVGEN system. The general approach taken is derived from standard pharmaceutical industry validation schemes modified to fit the special requirements of in-space usage.

Identifying and Interpreting Stratification in Sedimentary Rocks on Mars: Insight from Rover and Orbital Observations and Terrestrial Field Analogs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edgar, Lauren A.

Sedimentary rocks on Mars provide insight into past aqueous and atmospheric processes, climate regimes, and potential habitability. The stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary rocks on Mars is similar to that of Earth, indicating that the processes that govern deposition and erosion on Mars can be reasonably inferred through reference to analogous terrestrial systems. This dissertation aims to understand Martian surface processes through the use of (1) ground-based observations from the Mars Exploration Rovers, (2) orbital data from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and (3) the use of terrestrial field analogs to understand bedforms and sediment transport on Mars. Chapters 1 and 2 trace the history of aqueous activity at Meridiani Planum, through the reconstruction of eolian bedforms at Victoria crater, and the identification of a potential mudstone facies at Santa Maria crater. Chapter 3 uses Terrestrial Laser Scanning to study cross-bedding in pyroclastic surge deposits on Earth in order to understand sediment transport in these events and to establish criteria for their identification on Mars. The final chapter analyzes stratal geometries in the Martian North Polar Layered Deposits using tools for sequence stratigraphic analysis, to better constrain past surface processes and past climate conditions on Mars.

Developing a professional approach to work-based assessments in rheumatology.

PubMed

Haines, Catherine; Dennick, Reg; da Silva, José António P

2013-04-01

This chapter discusses how doctors in key European countries develop and maintain professional standards of clinical knowledge in their specialism, rheumatology, with particular reference to how they are assessed in the workplace. The authors discuss key educational theories related to learning and assessment, including experiential learning, reflective practice, how formative and summative assessments drive experiential learning and the essential principles of reliability and validity. This chapter also considers the challenge of ensuring that professional attitudes towards assessment and reflective practice are developed alongside cognitive and practical skills, with reference to current frameworks, including the UK and North America. The chapter lists, describes and explains the main summative assessments used in postgraduate medicine in the UK. We advocate the development of the professional reflective-practitioner attitude as the best way of approaching the range of work-based assessments that trainees need to engage in. Our account concludes by briefly discussing the barriers that may impede professional approaches to assessing competence in rheumatology. A summary states how individual practitioners may contribute to a more effective process in their roles as assessors and trainees. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Caracterisation et modelisation de la degradation des proprietes fonctionnelles des AMF soumis a un chargement cyclique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paradis, Alexandre

The principal objective of the present thesis is to elaborate a computational model describing the mechanical properties of NiTi under different loading conditions. Secondary objectives are to build an experimental database of NiTi under stress, strain and temperature in order to validate the versatility of the new model proposed herewith. The simulation model used presently at Laboratoire sur les Alliage a Memoire et les Systemes Intelligents (LAMSI) of ETS is showing good behaviour in quasi-static loading. However, dynamic loading with the same model do not allows one to include degradation. The goal of the present thesis is to build a model capable of describing such degradation in a relatively accurate manner. Some experimental testing and results will be presented. In particular, new results on the behaviour of NiTi being paused during cycling are presented in chapter 2. A model is developed in chapter 3 based on Likhachev's micromechanical model. Good agreement is found with experimental data. Finally, an adaptation of the model is presented in chapter 4, allowing it to be eventually implemented into a finite-element commercial software.

Volatile organic compounds in the nation's ground water and drinking-water supply wells

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zogorski, John S.; Carter, Janet M.; Ivahnenko, Tamara; Lapham, Wayne W.; Moran, Michael J.; Rowe, Barbara L.; Squillace, Paul J.; Toccalino, Patricia L.

2006-01-01

This national assessment of 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water gives emphasis to the occurrence of VOCs in aquifers that are used as an important supply of drinking water. In contrast to the monitoring of VOC contamination of ground water at point-source release sites, such as landfills and leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs), our investigations of aquifers are designed as large-scale resource assessments that provide a general characterization of water-quality conditions. Nearly all of the aquifers included in this assessment have been identified as regionally extensive aquifers or aquifer systems. The assessment of ground water (Chapter 3) included analyses of about 3,500 water samples collected during 1985-2001 from various types of wells, representing almost 100 different aquifer studies. This is the first national assessment of the occurrence of a large number of VOCs with different uses, and the assessment addresses key questions about VOCs in aquifers. The assessment also provides a foundation for subsequent decadal assessments of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to ascertain long-term trends of VOC occurrence in these aquifers.

Monitoring Agents for Assisting NASA Engineers with Shuttle Ground Processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Semmel, Glenn S.; Davis, Steven R.; Leucht, Kurt W.; Rowe, Danil A.; Smith, Kevin E.; Boeloeni, Ladislau

2005-01-01

The Spaceport Processing Systems Branch at NASA Kennedy Space Center has designed, developed, and deployed a rule-based agent to monitor the Space Shuttle's ground processing telemetry stream. The NASA Engineering Shuttle Telemetry Agent increases situational awareness for system and hardware engineers during ground processing of the Shuttle's subsystems. The agent provides autonomous monitoring of the telemetry stream and automatically alerts system engineers when user defined conditions are satisfied. Efficiency and safety are improved through increased automation. Sandia National Labs' Java Expert System Shell is employed as the agent's rule engine. The shell's predicate logic lends itself well to capturing the heuristics and specifying the engineering rules within this domain. The declarative paradigm of the rule-based agent yields a highly modular and scalable design spanning multiple subsystems of the Shuttle. Several hundred monitoring rules have been written thus far with corresponding notifications sent to Shuttle engineers. This chapter discusses the rule-based telemetry agent used for Space Shuttle ground processing. We present the problem domain along with design and development considerations such as information modeling, knowledge capture, and the deployment of the product. We also present ongoing work with other condition monitoring agents.

Cosmic Rays in the Earth's Atmosphere and Underground

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorman, Lev I.

2004-08-01

This book consists of four parts. In the first part (Chapters 1-4) a full overview is given of the theoretical and experimental basis of Cosmic Ray (CR) research in the atmosphere and underground for Geophysics and Space Physics; the development of CR research and a short history of many fundamental discoveries, main properties of primary and secondary CR, methods of transformation of CR observation data in the atmosphere and underground to space, and the experimental basis of CR research underground and on the ground, on balloons and on satellites and space probes. The second part (Chapters 5-9) is devoted to the influence of atmospheric properties on CR, so called CR meteorological effects; pressure, temperature, humidity, snow, wind, gravitation, and atmospheric electric field effects. The inverse problem - the influence of CR properties on the atmosphere and atmospheric processes is considered in the third part (Chapters 10-14); influence on atmospheric, nuclear and chemical compositions, ionization and radio-wave propagation, formation of thunderstorms and lightning, clouds and climate change. The fourth part (Chapters 15-18) describes many realized and potential applications of CR research in different branches of Science and Technology; Meteorology and Aerodrome Service, Geology and Geophysical Prospecting, Hydrology and Agricultural Applications, Archaeology and Medicine, Seismology and Big Earthquakes Forecasting, Space Weather and Environment Monitoring/Forecasting. The book ends with a list providing more than 1,500 full references, a discussion on future developments and unsolved problems, as well as object and author indices. This book will be useful for experts in different branches of Science and Technology, and for students to be used as additional literature to text-books.

Evaluating Satellite and Supercomputing Technologies for Improved Coastal Ecosystem Assessments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCarthy, Matthew James

Water quality and wetlands represent two vital elements of a healthy coastal ecosystem. Both experienced substantial declines in the U.S. during the 20th century. Overall coastal wetland cover decreased over 50% in the 20th century due to coastal development and water pollution. Management and legislative efforts have successfully addressed some of the problems and threats, but recent research indicates that the diffuse impacts of climate change and non-point source pollution may be the primary drivers of current and future water-quality and wetland stress. In order to respond to these pervasive threats, traditional management approaches need to adopt modern technological tools for more synoptic, frequent and fine-scale monitoring and assessment. In this dissertation, I explored some of the applications possible with new, commercial satellite imagery to better assess the status of coastal ecosystems. Large-scale land-cover change influences the quality of adjacent coastal water. Satellite imagery has been used to derive land-cover maps since the 1960's. It provides multiple data points with which to evaluate the effects of land-cover change on water quality. The objective of the first chapter of this research was to determine how 40 years of land-cover change in the Tampa Bay watershed (6,500 km2) may have affected turbidity and chlorophyll concentration - two proxies for coastal water quality. Land cover classes were evaluated along with precipitation and wind stress as explanatory variables. Results varied between analyses for the entire estuary and those of segments within the bay. Changes in developed land percent cover best explained the turbidity and chlorophyll-concentration time series for the entire bay (R2 > 0.75, p < 0.02). The paucity of official land-cover maps (i.e. five maps) restricted the temporal resolution of the assessments. Furthermore, most estuaries along the Gulf of Mexico do not have forty years of water-quality time series with which to perform evaluations against land-cover change. Ocean-color satellite imagery was used to derive proxies for coastal water with near-daily satellite observations since 2000. The goal of chapter two was to identify drivers of turbidity variability for 11 National Estuary Program water bodies along the Gulf of Mexico. Land cover assessments could not be used as an explanatory variable because of the low temporal resolution (i.e. approximately one map per five-year period). Ocean color metrics were evaluated against atmospheric, meteorological, and oceanographic variables including precipitation, wind speed, U and V wind vectors, river discharge, and water level over weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual time steps. Climate indices like the North Atlantic Oscillation and El Nino Southern Oscillation index were also examined as possible drivers of long-term changes. Extreme turbidity events were defined by the 90th and 95th percentile observations over each time step. Wind speed, river discharge and El Nino best explained variability in turbidity time-series and extreme events (R2 > 0.2, p < 0.05), but this varied substantially between time steps and estuaries. The background land cover analyses conducted for coastal water quality studies showed that there are substantial discrepancies between the wetland extent estimates mapped by local, state and federal agencies. The third chapter of my research sought to examine these differences and evaluate the accuracy and precision of wetland maps using high spatial-resolution (i.e. two-meter) WorldView-2 satellite imagery. Ground validation data showed that wetlands mapped at two study sites in Tampa Bay were more accurately identified by WorldView-2 than by Landsat imagery (30-meter resolution). When compared to maps produced separately by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Florida Water Management District, and National Wetland Inventory, we found that these historical land cover products overestimated by 2-10 times the actual extent of wetlands as identified in the WorldView-2 maps. We could find no study that had utilized more than six of these commercial images for a given project. Part of the problem is cost of the images, but there is also the cost of processing the images, which is typically done one at a time and with substantial human interaction. Chapter four explains an approach to automate the preprocessing and classification of imagery to detect wetlands within the Tampa Bay watershed (6,500 km2). Software scripts in Python, Matlab and Linux were used to ingest 130 WorldView-2 images and to generate maps that included wetlands, uplands, water, and bare and developed land. These maps proved to be more accurate at identifying forested wetland (78%) than those by NOAA, SWFWMD, and NWI (45-65%) based on ground validation data. Typical processing methods would have required 4-5 months to complete this work, but this protocol completed the 130 images in under 24 hours. Chapter five of the dissertation reviews coastal management case studies that have used satellite technologies. The objective was to illustrate the utility of this technology. The management sectors reviewed included coral reefs, wetlands, water quality, public health, and fisheries and aquaculture.

Error and Uncertainty Quantification in Precipitation Retrievals from GPM/DPR Using Ground-based Dual-Polarization Radar Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chandra, Chandrasekar V.; Chen*, Haonan; Petersen, Walter

2017-04-01

The active Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and passive radiometer onboard Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission's Core Observatory extend the observation range attained by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) from tropical to most of the globe [1]. Through improved measurements of precipitation, the GPM mission is helping to advance our understanding of Earth's water and energy cycle, as well as climate changes. Ground Validation (GV) is an indispensable part of the GPM satellite mission. In the pre-launch era, several international validation experiments had already generated a substantial dataset that could be used to develop and test the pre-launch GPM algorithms. After launch, more ground validation field campaigns were conducted to further evaluate GPM precipitation data products as well as the sensitivities of retrieval algorithms. Among various validation equipment, ground based dual-polarization radar has shown great advantages to conduct precipitation estimation over a wide area in a relatively short time span. Therefore, radar is always a key component in all the validation field experiments. In addition, the radar polarization diversity has great potential to characterize precipitation microphysics through the identification of raindrop size distribution and different hydrometeor types [2]. Currently, all the radar sites comprising the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88DP) network are operating in dual-polarization mode. However, most of the operational radar based precipitation products are produced at coarse resolution typically on 1 km by 1 km spatial grids, focusing on precipitation accumulations at temporal scales of 1-h, 3-h, 6-h, 12-h, and/or 24-h (daily). Their capability for instantaneous GPM product validation is severely limited due to the spatial and temporal mismatching between observations from the ground and space. This paper first presents the rationale and opportunities of using dual-polarization radar in validation of precipitation retrievals from GPM/DPR. A new dual-polarization radar rainfall algorithm is proposed on this ground and implemented for WSR-88DP radar observations, especially when there are GPM satellite overpasses. In addition, an interpolation scheme is developed in order to map the WSR-88DP radar rainfall estimates that are updated every five-six minutes into instantaneous scale ( 1 minute). Detailed comparisons between instantaneous precipitation retrievals from GPM/DPR and WSR-88DP estimates before and after interpolation are investigated from a statistical perspective. [1] Hou, A., R. Kakar, S. Neeck, and Coauthors, 2014: The Global Precipitation Measurement Mission. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 701-722. [2] Chen, Haonan, V. Chandrasekar, and R. Bechini, 2017: An Improved Dual-Polarization Radar Rainfall Algorithm (DROPS2.0): Application in NASA IFloodS Field Campaign. Journal of Hydrometeorology. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-16-0124.1

Inventory of File ndas.t12z.awip3d00.tm03.grib2

Science.gov Websites

parameter in canopy conductance [Fraction] 529 surface RCSOL analysis Soil moisture parameter in canopy -0.1 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 532 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 533 0.1-0.4 m below ground TSOIL

A statistically valid method for using FIA plots to guide spectral class rejection in producing stratification maps

Treesearch

Michael L. Hoppus; Andrew J. Lister

2002-01-01

A Landsat TM classification method (iterative guided spectral class rejection) produced a forest cover map of southern West Virginia that provided the stratification layer for producing estimates of timberland area from Forest Service FIA ground plots using a stratified sampling technique. These same high quality and expensive FIA ground plots provided ground reference...

Global Precipitation Mission Visualization Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwaller, Mathew

2011-01-01

The Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) software provides graphic visualization tools that enable easy comparison of ground- and space-based radar observations. It was initially designed to compare ground radar reflectivity from operational, ground-based, S- and C-band meteorological radars with comparable measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite's precipitation radar instrument. This design is also applicable to other groundbased and space-based radars, and allows both ground- and space-based radar data to be compared for validation purposes. The tool creates an operational system that routinely performs several steps. It ingests satellite radar data (precipitation radar data from TRMM) and groundbased meteorological radar data from a number of sources. Principally, the ground radar data comes from national networks of weather radars (see figure). The data ingested by the visualization tool must conform to the data formats used in GPM Validation Network Geometry-matched data product generation. The software also performs match-ups of the radar volume data for the ground- and space-based data, as well as statistical and graphical analysis (including two-dimensional graphical displays) on the match-up data. The visualization tool software is written in IDL, and can be operated either in the IDL development environment or as a stand-alone executable function.

Model for Atmospheric Propagation of Spatially Combined Laser Beams

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

thesis modeling tools is discussed. In Chapter 6, the thesis validated the model with analytical computations and simulations result from...using propagation model . Based on both the analytical computation and WaveTrain results, the diraction e ects simulated in the propagation model are...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS MODEL FOR ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF SPATIALLY COMBINED LASER BEAMS by Kum Leong Lee

Development of a Prototype H-46 Helicopter Diagnostic Expert System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-01

SQUADRON MAINTEN\\NCE: CURRENT PROCESS AND CA D S INTEG R ,ATIO N ........................................ 14 A. MAINTENANCE DATA SYSTEM...increasce the effectiveness of the maintenance process should enhance the ability of achieving :hee objectives. Artificial intelligence techniques offer a...completeiy validated. G. ORGANIZATION OF STUDY Chapter II contains a description of the Naval Aviation Maintenance Program’s Maintenance Data System (MDS

Assessment of English Language Learners in the Era of New Academic Content Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Alison L.; Carroll, Patricia E.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this chapter is twofold: (1) to provide a detailed review of current language assessment policies and practices with English language learner (ELL) students under the federal requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB; 2001) and relevant research in order to evaluate their technical quality and validity, and (2) to examine…

The teratology testing of cosmetics.

PubMed

Spézia, François; Barrow, Paul C

2013-01-01

In Europe, the developmental toxicity testing (including teratogenicity) of new cosmetic ingredients is performed according to the Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC: only alternatives leading to full replacement of animal experiments should be used. This chapter presents the three scientifically validated animal alternative methods for the assessment of embryotoxicity: the embryonic stem cell test (EST), the micromass (MM) assay, and the whole embryo culture (WEC) assay.

Design of photonic phased array switches using nano electromechanical systems on silicon-on-insulator integration platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hussein, Ali Abdulsattar

This thesis presents an introduction to the design and simulation of a novel class of integrated photonic phased array switch elements. The main objective is to use nano-electromechanical (NEMS) based phase shifters of cascaded under-etched slot nanowires that are compact in size and require a small amount of power to operate them. The structure of the switch elements is organized such that it brings the phase shifting elements to the exterior sides of the photonic circuits. The transition slot couplers, used to interconnect the phase shifters, are designed to enable biasing one of the silicon beams of each phase shifter from an electrode located at the side of the phase shifter. The other silicon beam of each phase shifter is biased through the rest of the silicon structure of the switch element, which is taken as a ground. Phased array switch elements ranging from 2x2 up to 8x8 multiple-inputs/multiple-outputs (MIMO) are conveniently designed within reasonable footprints native to the current fabrication technologies. Chapter one presents the general layout of the various designs of the switch elements and demonstrates their novel features. This demonstration will show how waveguide disturbances in the interconnecting network from conventional switch elements can be avoided by adopting an innovative design. Some possible applications for the designed switch elements of different sizes and topologies are indicated throughout the chapter. Chapter two presents the design of the multimode interference (MMI) couplers used in the switch elements as splitters, combiners and waveguide crossovers. Simulation data and design methodologies for the multimode couplers of interest are detailed in this chapter. Chapter three presents the design and analysis of the NEMS-operated phase shifters. Both simulations and numerical analysis are utilized in the design of a 0°-180° capable NEMS-operated phase shifter. Additionally, the response of some of the designed photonic phased array switch elements is demonstrated in this chapter. An executive summary and conclusions sections are also included in the thesis.

Coarse Scale In Situ Albedo Observations over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces and Validation Strategy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Q.; Wu, X.; Wen, J.; BAI, J., Sr.

2017-12-01

To evaluate and improve the quality of coarse-pixel land surface albedo products, validation with ground measurements of albedo is crucial over the spatially and temporally heterogeneous land surface. The performance of albedo validation depends on the quality of ground-based albedo measurements at a corresponding coarse-pixel scale, which can be conceptualized as the "truth" value of albedo at coarse-pixel scale. The wireless sensor network (WSN) technology provides access to continuously observe on the large pixel scale. Taking the albedo products as an example, this paper was dedicated to the validation of coarse-scale albedo products over heterogeneous surfaces based on the WSN observed data, which is aiming at narrowing down the uncertainty of results caused by the spatial scaling mismatch between satellite and ground measurements over heterogeneous surfaces. The reference value of albedo at coarse-pixel scale can be obtained through an upscaling transform function based on all of the observations for that pixel. We will devote to further improve and develop new method that that are better able to account for the spatio-temporal characteristic of surface albedo in the future. Additionally, how to use the widely distributed single site measurements over the heterogeneous surfaces is also a question to be answered. Keywords: Remote sensing; Albedo; Validation; Wireless sensor network (WSN); Upscaling; Heterogeneous land surface; Albedo truth at coarse-pixel scale

Tools for Model Building and Optimization into Near-Atomic Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy Density Maps.

PubMed

DiMaio, F; Chiu, W

2016-01-01

Electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) has advanced dramatically to become a viable tool for high-resolution structural biology research. The ultimate outcome of a cryoEM study is an atomic model of a macromolecule or its complex with interacting partners. This chapter describes a variety of algorithms and software to build a de novo model based on the cryoEM 3D density map, to optimize the model with the best stereochemistry restraints and finally to validate the model with proper protocols. The full process of atomic structure determination from a cryoEM map is described. The tools outlined in this chapter should prove extremely valuable in revealing atomic interactions guided by cryoEM data. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Innovative Approaches in Chronic Disease Management: Health Literacy Solutions and Opportunities for Research Validation.

PubMed

Villaire, Michael; Gonzalez, Diana Peña; Johnson, Kirby L

2017-01-01

This chapter discusses the need for innovative health literacy solutions to combat extensive chronic disease prevalence and costs. The authors explore the intersection of chronic disease management and health literacy. They provide specific examples of successful health literacy interventions for managing several highly prevalent chronic diseases. This is followed by suggestions on pairing research and practice to support effective disease management programs. In addition, the authors discuss strategies for collection and dissemination of knowledge gained from collaborations between researchers and practitioners. They identify current challenges specific to disseminating information from the health literacy field and offer potential solutions. The chapter concludes with a brief look at future directions and organizational opportunities to integrate health literacy practices to address the need for effective chronic disease management.

Topics in Nonsupersymmetric Scattering Amplitudes in Gauge and Gravity Theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nohle, Joshua David

In Chapters 1 and 2, we introduce and review the duality between color and kinematics in Yang-Mills theory uncovered by Bern, Carrasco and Johansson (BCJ). In Chapter 3, we provide evidence in favor of the conjectured duality between color and kinematics for the case of nonsupersymmetric pure Yang-Mills amplitudes by constructing a form of the one-loop four-point amplitude of this theory that makes the duality manifest. Our construction is valid in any dimension. We also describe a duality-satisfying representation for the two-loop four-point amplitude with identical four-dimensional external helicities. We use these results to obtain corresponding gravity integrands for a theory containing a graviton, dilaton, and antisymmetric tensor, simply by replacing color factors with specified diagram numerators. Using this, we give explicit forms of ultraviolet divergences at one loop in four, six, and eight dimensions, and at two loops in four dimensions. In Chapter 4, we extend the four-point one-loop nonsupersymmetric pure Yang-Mills discussion of Chapter 3 to include fermions and scalars circulating in the loop with all external gluons. This gives another nontrivial loop-level example showing that the duality between color and kinematics holds in nonsupersymmetric gauge theory. The construction is valid in any spacetime dimension and written in terms of formal polarization vectors. We also convert these expressions into a four-dimensional form with explicit external helicity states. Using this, we compare our results to one-loop duality-satisfying amplitudes that are already present in literature. In Chapter 5, we switch from the topic of color-kinematics duality to discuss the recently renewed interest in the soft behavior of gravitons and gluons. Specifically, we discuss the subleading low-energy behavior. Cachazo and Strominger recently proposed an extension of the soft-graviton theorem found by Weinberg. In addition, they proved the validity of their extension at tree level. This was motivated by a Virasoro symmetry of the gravity S-matrix related to BMS symmetry. As shown long ago by Weinberg, the leading soft behavior is not corrected by loops. In contrast, we show in Chapter 6 that with the standard definition of soft limits in dimensional regularization, the subleading behavior is anomalous and modified by loop effects. We argue that there are no new types of corrections to the first subleading behavior beyond one loop and to the second subleading behavior beyond two loops. To facilitate our investigation, we introduce a new momentum-conservation prescription for defining the subleading terms of the soft limit. We discuss the loop-level subleading soft behavior of gauge-theory amplitudes before turning to gravity amplitudes. In Chapter 7, we show that at tree level, on-shell gauge invariance can be used to fully determine the first subleading soft-gluon behavior and the first two subleading soft-graviton behaviors. Our proofs of the behaviors for n-gluon and n-graviton tree amplitudes are valid in D dimensions and are similar to Low's proof of universality of the first subleading behavior of photons. In contrast to photons coupling to massive particles, in four dimensions the soft behaviors of gluons and gravitons are corrected by loop effects. We comment on how such corrections arise from this perspective. We also show that loop corrections in graviton amplitudes arising from scalar loops appear only at the second soft subleading order. This case is particularly transparent because it is not entangled with graviton infrared singularities. Our result suggests that if we set aside the issue of infrared singularities, soft-graviton Ward identities of extended BMS symmetry are not anomalous through the first subleading order. Finally, in Chapter 8, we conclude this dissertation with a discussion of the evanescent effects on nonsupersymmetric gravity at two loops. Evanescent operators such as the Gauss- Bonnet term have vanishing perturbative matrix elements in exactly D = 4 dimensions. Similarly, evanescent fields do not propagate in D = 4; a three-form field is in this class, since it is dual to a cosmological-constant contribution. In this chapter, we show that evanescent operators and fields modify the leading ultraviolet divergence in pure gravity. To analyze the divergence, we compute the two-loop identical-helicity four-graviton amplitude and determine the coefficient of the associated (non-evanescent) R3 counterterm studied long ago by Goroff and Sagnotti. We compare two pairs of theories that are dual in D = 4: gravity coupled to nothing or to three-form matter, and gravity coupled to zero-form or to two-form matter. Duff and van Nieuwenhuizen showed that, curiously, the one-loop conformal anomaly---the coefficient of the Gauss-Bonnet operator---changes under p-form duality transformations. We concur, and also find that the leading R3 divergence changes under duality transformations. Nevertheless, in both cases the physical renormalized two-loop identical-helicity four-graviton amplitude can be chosen to respect duality. Its renormalization-scale dependence is unaltered. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Scaling and validation of breakaway connection for multi-post ground signs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

Multi-post ground signs installed adjacent to Florida roadways must be designed for both hurricane wind loading and vehicle : collision loading. With respect to hurricanes, all structural sign components must be designed to survive applicable code-sp...

Regional analysis of ground-water recharge: Chapter B in Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States (Professional Paper 1703)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.; Stonestrom, David A.; Constantz, Jim; Ferré, Ty P.A.; Leake, Stanley A.

2007-01-01

A modeling analysis of runoff and ground-water recharge for the arid and semiarid southwestern United States was performed to investigate the interactions of climate and other controlling factors and to place the eight study-site investigations into a regional context. A distributed-parameter water-balance model (the Basin Characterization Model, or BCM) was used in the analysis. Data requirements of the BCM included digital representations of topography, soils, geology, and vegetation, together with monthly time-series of precipitation and air-temperature data. Time-series of potential evapotranspiration were generated by using a submodel for solar radiation, taking into account topographic shading, cloudiness, and vegetation density. Snowpack accumulation and melting were modeled using precipitation and air-temperature data. Amounts of water available for runoff and ground-water recharge were calculated on the basis of water-budget considerations by using measured- and generated-meteorologic time series together with estimates of soil-water storage and saturated hydraulic conductivity of subsoil geologic units. Calculations were made on a computational grid with a horizontal resolution of about 270 meters for the entire 1,033,840 square-kilometer study area. The modeling analysis was composed of 194 basins, including the eight basins containing ground-water recharge-site investigations. For each grid cell, the BCM computed monthly values of potential evapotranspiration, soil-water storage, in-place ground-water recharge, and runoff (potential stream flow). A fixed percentage of runoff was assumed to become recharge beneath channels operating at a finer resolution than the computational grid of the BCM. Monthly precipitation and temperature data from 1941 to 2004 were used to explore climatic variability in runoff and ground-water recharge.The selected approach provided a framework for classifying study-site basins with respect to climate and dominant recharge processes. The average climate for all 194 basins ranged from hyperarid to humid, with arid and semiarid basins predominating (fig. 6, chapter A, this volume). Four of the 194 basins had an aridity index of dry subhumid; two of the basins were humid. Of the eight recharge-study sites, six were in semiarid basins, and two were in arid basins. Average-annual potential evapotranspiration showed a regional gradient from less than 1 m/yr in the northeastern part of the study area to more than 2 m/yr in the southwestern part of the study area. Average-annual precipitation was lowest in the two arid-site basins and highest in the two study-site basins in southern Arizona. The relative amount of runoff to in-place recharge varied throughout the study area, reflecting differences primarily in soil water-holding capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity of subsoil materials, and snowpack dynamics. Climatic forcing expressed in El Niño and Pacific Decadal Oscillation indices strongly influenced the generation of precipitation throughout the study area. Positive values of both indices correlated with the highest amounts of runoff and ground-water recharge.

The Facial Expression Coding System (FACES): Development, Validation, and Utility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kring, Ann M.; Sloan, Denise M.

2007-01-01

This article presents information on the development and validation of the Facial Expression Coding System (FACES; A. M. Kring & D. Sloan, 1991). Grounded in a dimensional model of emotion, FACES provides information on the valence (positive, negative) of facial expressive behavior. In 5 studies, reliability and validity data from 13 diverse…

Aerocapture, Entry, Descent and Landing (AEDL) Human Planetary Landing Systems. Section 10: AEDL Analysis, Test and Validation Infrastructure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arnold, J.; Cheatwood, N.; Powell, D.; Wolf, A.; Guensey, C.; Rivellini, T.; Venkatapathy, E.; Beard, T.; Beutter, B.; Laub, B.

2005-01-01

Contents include the following: 3 Listing of critical capabilities (knowledge, procedures, training, facilities) and metrics for validating that they are mission ready. Examples of critical capabilities and validation metrics: ground test and simulations. Flight testing to prove capabilities are mission ready. Issues and recommendations.

Validation of Satellite Retrieved Land Surface Variables

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lakshmi, Venkataraman; Susskind, Joel

1999-01-01

The effective use of satellite observations of the land surface is limited by the lack of high spatial resolution ground data sets for validation of satellite products. Recent large scale field experiments include FIFE, HAPEX-Sahel and BOREAS which provide us with data sets that have large spatial coverage and long time coverage. It is the objective of this paper to characterize the difference between the satellite estimates and the ground observations. This study and others along similar lines will help us in utilization of satellite retrieved data in large scale modeling studies.

In-Situ Load System for Calibrating and Validating Aerodynamic Properties of Scaled Aircraft in Ground-Based Aerospace Testing Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lynn, Keith C. (Inventor); Acheson, Michael J. (Inventor); Commo, Sean A. (Inventor); Landman, Drew (Inventor)

2016-01-01

An In-Situ Load System for calibrating and validating aerodynamic properties of scaled aircraft in ground-based aerospace testing applications includes an assembly having upper and lower components that are pivotably interconnected. A test weight can be connected to the lower component to apply a known force to a force balance. The orientation of the force balance can be varied, and the measured forces from the force balance can be compared to applied loads at various orientations to thereby develop calibration factors.

Particulate matter concentration mapping from MODIS satellite data: a Vietnamese case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Thanh T. N.; Bui, Hung Q.; Pham, Ha V.; Luu, Hung V.; Man, Chuc D.; Pham, Hai N.; Le, Ha T.; Nguyen, Thuy T.

2015-09-01

Particulate Matter (PM) pollution is one of the most important air quality concerns in Vietnam. In this study, we integrate ground-based measurements, meteorological and satellite data to map temporal PM concentrations at a 10 × 10 km grid for the entire of Vietnam. We specifically used MODIS Aqua and Terra data and developed statistically-significant regression models to map and extend the ground-based PM concentrations. We validated our models over diverse geographic provinces i.e., North East, Red River Delta, North Central Coast and South Central Coast in Vietnam. Validation suggested good results for satellite-derived PM2.5 data compared to ground-based PM2.5 (n = 285, r2 = 0.411, RMSE = 20.299 μg m-3 and RE = 39.789%). Further, validation of satellite-derived PM2.5 on two independent datasets for North East and South Central Coast suggested similar results (n = 40, r2 = 0.455, RMSE = 21.512 μg m-3, RE = 45.236% and n = 45, r2 = 0.444, RMSE = 8.551 μg m-3, RE = 46.446% respectively). Also, our satellite-derived PM2.5 maps were able to replicate seasonal and spatial trends of ground-based measurements in four different regions. Our results highlight the potential use of MODIS datasets for PM estimation at a regional scale in Vietnam. However, model limitation in capturing maximal or minimal PM2.5 peaks needs further investigations on ground data, atmospheric conditions and physical aspects.

Validation of Alternative In Vitro Methods to Animal Testing: Concepts, Challenges, Processes and Tools.

PubMed

Griesinger, Claudius; Desprez, Bertrand; Coecke, Sandra; Casey, Warren; Zuang, Valérie

This chapter explores the concepts, processes, tools and challenges relating to the validation of alternative methods for toxicity and safety testing. In general terms, validation is the process of assessing the appropriateness and usefulness of a tool for its intended purpose. Validation is routinely used in various contexts in science, technology, the manufacturing and services sectors. It serves to assess the fitness-for-purpose of devices, systems, software up to entire methodologies. In the area of toxicity testing, validation plays an indispensable role: "alternative approaches" are increasingly replacing animal models as predictive tools and it needs to be demonstrated that these novel methods are fit for purpose. Alternative approaches include in vitro test methods, non-testing approaches such as predictive computer models up to entire testing and assessment strategies composed of method suites, data sources and decision-aiding tools. Data generated with alternative approaches are ultimately used for decision-making on public health and the protection of the environment. It is therefore essential that the underlying methods and methodologies are thoroughly characterised, assessed and transparently documented through validation studies involving impartial actors. Importantly, validation serves as a filter to ensure that only test methods able to produce data that help to address legislative requirements (e.g. EU's REACH legislation) are accepted as official testing tools and, owing to the globalisation of markets, recognised on international level (e.g. through inclusion in OECD test guidelines). Since validation creates a credible and transparent evidence base on test methods, it provides a quality stamp, supporting companies developing and marketing alternative methods and creating considerable business opportunities. Validation of alternative methods is conducted through scientific studies assessing two key hypotheses, reliability and relevance of the test method for a given purpose. Relevance encapsulates the scientific basis of the test method, its capacity to predict adverse effects in the "target system" (i.e. human health or the environment) as well as its applicability for the intended purpose. In this chapter we focus on the validation of non-animal in vitro alternative testing methods and review the concepts, challenges, processes and tools fundamental to the validation of in vitro methods intended for hazard testing of chemicals. We explore major challenges and peculiarities of validation in this area. Based on the notion that validation per se is a scientific endeavour that needs to adhere to key scientific principles, namely objectivity and appropriate choice of methodology, we examine basic aspects of study design and management, and provide illustrations of statistical approaches to describe predictive performance of validated test methods as well as their reliability.

Inventory of File nam.t00z.awip1206.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

TMP 6 hour fcst Temperature [K] 048 0-0.1 m below ground TSOIL 6 hour fcst Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 049 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW 6 hour fcst Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 050 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL 6 hour fcst Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen

Inventory of File nam.t00z.awip1200.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

analysis Temperature [K] 048 0-0.1 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 049 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 050 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL analysis Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 051 0.1-0.4 m

Microfluidic platform for studying the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whipple, Devin Talmage

Diminishing supplies of conventional energy sources and growing concern over greenhouse gas emissions present significant challenges to supplying the world's rapidly increasing demand for energy. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide has the potential to address many of these issues by providing a means of storing electricity in chemical form. Storing electrical energy as chemicals is beneficial for leveling the output of clean, but intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Electrical energy stored as chemicals can also be used as carbon neutral fuels for portable applications allowing petroleum derived fuels in the transportation sector to be replaced by more environmentally friendly energy sources. However, to be a viable technology, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide needs to have both high current densities and energetic efficiencies (Chapter 1). Although many researchers have studied the electrochemical reduction of CO2 including parameters such as catalysts, electrolytes and temperature, further investigation is needed to improve the understanding of this process and optimize the performance (Chapter 2). This dissertation reports the development and validation of a microfluidic reactor for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (Chapter 3). The design uses a flowing liquid electrolyte instead of the typical polymer electrolyte membrane. In addition to other benefits, this flowing electrolyte gives the reactor great flexibility, allowing independent analysis of each electrode and the testing of a wide variety of conditions. In this work, the microfluidic reactor has been used in the following areas: • Comparison of different metal catalysts for the reduction of CO2 to formic acid and carbon monoxide (Chapter 4). • Investigation of the effects of the electrolyte pH on the reduction of CO2 to formic acid and carbon monoxide (Chapter 5). • Study of amine based electrolytes for lowering the overpotentials for CO2 reduction and suppressing undesirable hydrogen evolution (Chapter 6). • Investigation of the effects of reaction temperature on the Faradaic efficiency and current density for CO2 reduction on several catalysts (Chapter 7). These studies demonstrate the utility of this flexible reactor design and provide increased understanding of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and the critical parameters for optimization of this process.

Engineering applications of strong ground motion simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Somerville, Paul

1993-02-01

The formulation, validation and application of a procedure for simulating strong ground motions for use in engineering practice are described. The procedure uses empirical source functions (derived from near-source strong motion recordings of small earthquakes) to provide a realistic representation of effects such as source radiation that are difficult to model at high frequencies due to their partly stochastic behavior. Wave propagation effects are modeled using simplified Green's functions that are designed to transfer empirical source functions from their recording sites to those required for use in simulations at a specific site. The procedure has been validated against strong motion recordings of both crustal and subduction earthquakes. For the validation process we choose earthquakes whose source models (including a spatially heterogeneous distribution of the slip of the fault) are independently known and which have abundant strong motion recordings. A quantitative measurement of the fit between the simulated and recorded motion in this validation process is used to estimate the modeling and random uncertainty associated with the simulation procedure. This modeling and random uncertainty is one part of the overall uncertainty in estimates of ground motions of future earthquakes at a specific site derived using the simulation procedure. The other contribution to uncertainty is that due to uncertainty in the source parameters of future earthquakes that affect the site, which is estimated from a suite of simulations generated by varying the source parameters over their ranges of uncertainty. In this paper, we describe the validation of the simulation procedure for crustal earthquakes against strong motion recordings of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake, and for subduction earthquakes against the 1985 Michoacán, Mexico, and Valparaiso, Chile, earthquakes. We then show examples of the application of the simulation procedure to the estimatation of the design response spectra for crustal earthquakes at a power plant site in California and for subduction earthquakes in the Seattle-Portland region. We also demonstrate the use of simulation methods for modeling the attenuation of strong ground motion, and show evidence of the effect of critical reflections from the lower crust in causing the observed flattening of the attenuation of strong ground motion from the 1988 Saguenay, Quebec, and 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes.

The NASA CloudSat/GPM Light Precipitation Validation Experiment (LPVEx)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petersen, Walter A.; L'Ecuyer, Tristan; Moisseev, Dmitri

2011-01-01

Ground-based measurements of cool-season precipitation at mid and high latitudes (e.g., above 45 deg N/S) suggest that a significant fraction of the total precipitation volume falls in the form of light rain, i.e., at rates less than or equal to a few mm/h. These cool-season light rainfall events often originate in situations of a low-altitude (e.g., lower than 2 km) melting level and pose a significant challenge to the fidelity of all satellite-based precipitation measurements, especially those relying on the use of multifrequency passive microwave (PMW) radiometers. As a result, significant disagreements exist between satellite estimates of rainfall accumulation poleward of 45 deg. Ongoing efforts to develop, improve, and ultimately evaluate physically-based algorithms designed to detect and accurately quantify high latitude rainfall, however, suffer from a general lack of detailed, observationally-based ground validation datasets. These datasets serve as a physically consistent framework from which to test and refine algorithm assumptions, and as a means to build the library of algorithm retrieval databases in higher latitude cold-season light precipitation regimes. These databases are especially relevant to NASA's CloudSat and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) ground validation programs that are collecting high-latitude precipitation measurements in meteorological systems associated with frequent coolseason light precipitation events. In an effort to improve the inventory of cool-season high-latitude light precipitation databases and advance the physical process assumptions made in satellite-based precipitation retrieval algorithm development, the CloudSat and GPM mission ground validation programs collaborated with the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), the University of Helsinki (UH), and Environment Canada (EC) to conduct the Light Precipitation Validation Experiment (LPVEx). The LPVEx field campaign was designed to make detailed measurements of cool-season light precipitation by leveraging existing infrastructure in the Helsinki Precipitation Testbed. LPVEx was conducted during the months of September--October, 2010 and featured coordinated ground and airborne remote sensing components designed to observe and quantify the precipitation physics associated with light rain in low-altitude melting layer environments over the Gulf of Finland and neighboring land mass surrounding Helsinki, Finland.

Validation in Support of Internationally Harmonised OECD Test Guidelines for Assessing the Safety of Chemicals.

PubMed

Gourmelon, Anne; Delrue, Nathalie

Ten years elapsed since the OECD published the Guidance document on the validation and international regulatory acceptance of test methods for hazard assessment. Much experience has been gained since then in validation centres, in countries and at the OECD on a variety of test methods that were subjected to validation studies. This chapter reviews validation principles and highlights common features that appear to be important for further regulatory acceptance across studies. Existing OECD-agreed validation principles will most likely generally remain relevant and applicable to address challenges associated with the validation of future test methods. Some adaptations may be needed to take into account the level of technique introduced in test systems, but demonstration of relevance and reliability will continue to play a central role as pre-requisite for the regulatory acceptance. Demonstration of relevance will become more challenging for test methods that form part of a set of predictive tools and methods, and that do not stand alone. OECD is keen on ensuring that while these concepts evolve, countries can continue to rely on valid methods and harmonised approaches for an efficient testing and assessment of chemicals.

Effective Electronic Security: Process for the Development and Validation from Requirements to Testing

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

ABBREVIATIONS ANSI American National Standards Institute ASIS American Society of Industrial Security CCTV Closed Circuit Television CONOPS...is globally recognized for the development and maintenance of standards. ASTM defines a specification as an explicit set of requirements...www.rkb.us/saver/. One of the SAVER reports titled CCTV Technology Handbook has a chapter on system design. The report uses terms like functional

Separating the Signal from the Noise: An Examination of Student and Teacher Scores Based on Student Learning Objectives (SLOs) in One State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckley, Katie Hills

2015-01-01

Despite the prevalence of student learning objectives (SLOs) in teacher evaluation systems throughout the United States, research on the validity of student and teacher SLO scores used for high-stakes decisions is lacking. For this reason, this dissertation is comprised of two chapters that examine student and teacher-level SLO performance data…

Serrasalmidae — Piranhas and Pacus

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nico, Leo; Jegu, Michel; Andrade, Marcelo C

2017-01-01

The family Serrasalmidae is a morphologically and ecologically diverse group of South American freshwater fishes consisting of 16 genera and about 91 valid species. This chapter is a summary of the current state of knowledge on serrasalmid taxonomy, species richness, and ecology, and provides an identification key to the genera and references to relevant literature for species-level identifications. Included is information on native and non-native populations.

26 CFR 31.3121(k)-4 - Constructive filing of waivers of exemption from social security taxes by certain tax-exempt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... from social security taxes by certain tax-exempt organizations. 31.3121(k)-4 Section 31.3121(k)-4... Contributions Act (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) General Provisions § 31.3121(k)-4 Constructive... organization did not file a valid waiver certificate under section 3121(k)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of...

26 CFR 31.3121(k)-4 - Constructive filing of waivers of exemption from social security taxes by certain tax-exempt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... from social security taxes by certain tax-exempt organizations. 31.3121(k)-4 Section 31.3121(k)-4... Contributions Act (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) General Provisions § 31.3121(k)-4 Constructive... organization did not file a valid waiver certificate under section 3121(k)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of...

26 CFR 31.3121(k)-4 - Constructive filing of waivers of exemption from social security taxes by certain tax-exempt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... from social security taxes by certain tax-exempt organizations. 31.3121(k)-4 Section 31.3121(k)-4... Contributions Act (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) General Provisions § 31.3121(k)-4 Constructive... organization did not file a valid waiver certificate under section 3121(k)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of...

26 CFR 31.3121(k)-4 - Constructive filing of waivers of exemption from social security taxes by certain tax-exempt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... from social security taxes by certain tax-exempt organizations. 31.3121(k)-4 Section 31.3121(k)-4... Contributions Act (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) General Provisions § 31.3121(k)-4 Constructive... organization did not file a valid waiver certificate under section 3121(k)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of...

Gene Transfers Between Distantly Related Organisms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doolittle, Russell F.

2003-01-01

With the completion of numerous microbial genome sequences, reports of individual gene transfers between distantly related prokaryotes have become commonplace. On the other hand, transfers between prokaryotes and eukaryotes still excite the imagination. Many of these claims may be premature, but some are certainly valid. In this chapter, the kinds of supporting data needed to propose transfers between distantly related organisms and cite some interesting examples are considered.

Validation Summary Report: TLD Systems, Ltd., TLD HP 9000/MIL-STD-1750A Ada Compiler System, Ver 2.9.0, HP-UX Ver 7.0 (Host) to running TLDmps (Target), 920319W1.11243

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-30

9G.dgal. Wath ~nglon. DC 20503l 1. AGENCY USE (Leave 2. REPORT j3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES I Final: 30 April 92 4. TITLE AND 5.FUNDING Validation Summary...2-4 CHAPTER 3 PROCESSING INFORMATION 3.1 TESTING EVIRaONMflr.. ............ ............ 3-1 3.2 SUM’MARYYOOTE TRESUT ESU.L...ACVC an Ada implementation must process each test of the customized test suite according to the Ada Standard. 1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS Ada Compiler

A Selection of Test Cases for the Validation of Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flows (Quelques cas d’essai pour la validation de la simulation des gros tourbillons dans les ecoulements turbulents)

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

they approach the more useful (higher) Reynolds numbers. 8.6 SUMMARY OF COMPLEX FLOWS SQUARE DUCT CMPO00 UDOv 6.5 x 10’i E Yokosawa ei al. 164] pg...Sheets for: Chapter 8. Complex Flows 184 185 CMPOO: Flow in a square duct - Experiments Yokosawa , Fujita, Hirota, & Iwata 1. Description of the flow...These are the experiments of Yokosawa ei al (1989). Air was blown through a flow meter and a settling chamber into a square duct. Measuremsents were

Inventory of File nam.t00z.awip3d00.tm00.grib2

Science.gov Websites

Specific Humidity [kg/kg] 432 0-0.1 m below ground TSOIL analysis Soil Temperature Validation to deprecate [K] 433 0-0.1 m below ground SOILW analysis Volumetric Soil Moisture Content [Fraction] 434 0-0.1 m below ground SOILL analysis Liquid Volumetric Soil Moisture (non Frozen) [Proportion] 435 0.1-0.4 m