Guidelines for the use of GYPCHEK to control the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Franklin B. Lewis; Michael L. McManus; Noel F. Schneeberger

1979-01-01

This paper presents positive and negative attributes of GYPCHEK for evaluation by land managers contemplating gypsy moth control. Special precautions and procedures are outlined. Environmental and ecological considerations are discussed and results to be expected from the use of GYPCHEK in gypsy moth control are presented.

Alternate hosts of Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen)

Treesearch

Paul A. Godwin; Thomas M. Odell

1977-01-01

A current tactic for biological control of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, is to release its parasites in forests susceptible to gypsy moth damage before the gypsy moth arrives. The basic assumption in these anticipatory releases is that the parasites can find and utilize native insects as hosts in the interim. Blepharipa...

Mortality Risks for Forest Trees Threatened with Gypsy Moth Infestation

Treesearch

Owen W. Herrick; David A. Gansner; David A. Gansner

1987-01-01

Presents guidelines for estimating potential tree mortality associated with gypsy moth defoliation. A tree's crown condition, crown position, and species group can be used to assign probabilities of death. Forest-land managers need such information to develop marking guides and implement silvicultural treatments for forest trees threatened with gypsy moth...

Sampling low-density gypsy moth populations

Treesearch

William E. Wallner; Clive G. Jones; Joseph S. Elkinton; Bruce L. Parker

1991-01-01

The techniques and methodology for sampling gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., at low densities, less than 100 egg masses/ha (EM/ha), are compared. Forest managers have constraints of time and cost, and need a useful, simple predictable means to assist them in sampling gypsy moth populations. A comparison of various techniques coupled with results of...

Forecasting gypsy moth egg-mass density

Treesearch

Robert W. Campbell; Robert W. Campbell

1973-01-01

Several multiple regression models for gypsy moth egg-mass density were developed from data accumulated in eastern New England between 1911 and 1931. Analysis of these models indicates that: (1) The gypsy moth population system was relatively stable in either the OUTBREAK phase or the INNOCUOUS one; (2) Several naturally occurring processes that could terminate the...

Using silviculture to minimize gypsy moth impacts

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk

1991-01-01

Several studies are underway to test and evaluate the use of silvicultural treatments to minimize gypsy moth impacts. Treatment objectives are to change stand susceptibility to gypsy moth defoliation or stand vulnerability to damage after defoliation. Decision charts have been developed to help forest and land managers to select the appropriate treatment for their...

Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2002

Treesearch

Sandra L. C. Fosbroke; Kurt W. Gottschalk; [Editors

2003-01-01

Contains 75 abstracts and papers of oral and poster presentations on gypsy moth and other invasive species biology, molecular biology, ecology, impacts, and management presented at the annual U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species.

Proceedings, 18th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2007

Treesearch

Kurt W., ed. Gottschalk

2008-01-01

Contains 60 abstracts and papers of oral and poster presentations on gypsy moth and other invasive species biology, molecular biology, ecology, impacts, and management presented at the annual U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species.

Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2003

Treesearch

Kurt W., ed. Gottschalk

2004-01-01

Contains 56 abstracts and papers of oral and poster presentations on gypsy moth and other invasive species biology, molecular biology, ecology, impacts, and management presented at the annual U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species.

Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2001

Treesearch

Sandra L.C. Fosbroke; Kurt W., Gottschalk

2001-01-01

Contains 68 abstracts and papers of oral and poster presentations on gypsy moth and other invasive species biology, molecular biology, ecology, impacts, and management presented at the annual U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum of gypsy moth and other invasive species.

Proceedings, 16th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2005

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk

2005-01-01

Contains 61 abstracts and papers of oral and poster presentations on gypsy moth and other invasive species biology, molecular biology, ecology, impacts, and management presented at the annual U. S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species.

Hazard rating forest stands for gypsy moth

Treesearch

Ray R., Jr. Hicks

1991-01-01

A gypsy moth hazard exists when forest conditions prevail that are conducive to extensive damage from gypsy moth. Combining forest hazard rating with information on insect population trends provides the basis for predicting the probability (risk) of an event occurring. The likelihood of defoliation is termed susceptibility and the probability of damage (mortality,...

Effects of gypsy moth outbreaks on North American woodpeckers

Treesearch

Walter D. Koenig; Eric L. Walters; Andrew M. Liebhold

2011-01-01

We examined the effects of the introduced gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) on seven species of North American woodpeckers by matching spatially explicit data on gypsy moth outbreaks with data on breeding and wintering populations. In general, we detected modest effects during outbreaks: during the breeding season one species, the Red-headed Woodpecker...

Forest stand conditions after 13 years of gypsy moth infestation

Treesearch

David L. Feicht; Sandra L. C. Fosbroke; Mark J. Twery

1993-01-01

Of 603 central Pennsylvania plots that were established in 1978 to measure the short-term impact of repeated gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) defoliation, 228 were selected for continued study in 1985. Individual observations of defoliation and tree vigor were continued through 1992. Although two gypsy moth outbreaks occurred across central Pennsylvania...

Effects of temperature on development of Lymantria dispar asiatica and Lymantria dispar japonica (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Treesearch

Samita Limbu; Melody Keena; Fang Chen; Gericke Cook; Hannah Nadel; Kelli Hoover

2017-01-01

Periodic introductions of the Asian subspecies of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar asiatica Vnukovskij and Lymantria dispar japonica Motschulsky, in North America are threatening forests and interrupting foreign trade. Although Asian gypsy moth has similar morphology to that of European and North American gypsy moth, it has several...

Enzyme immunoassays for detection of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Treesearch

Michael Ma

1985-01-01

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for detecting gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). They were used to detect the presence of NPV in hemoplymph samples collected from infected larvae. The incorporation of hybridoma antibodies with these procedures would make them even more specific for gypsy moth...

Spatial analysis of harmonic oscillation of gypsy moth outbreak intensity

Treesearch

Kyle J. Haynes; Andrew M. Liebhold; Derek M. Johnson

2009-01-01

Outbreaks of many forest-defoliating insects are synchronous over broad geographic areas and occur with a period of approximately 10 years. Within the range of the gypsy moth in North America, however, there is considerable geographic heterogeneity in strength of periodicity and the frequency of outbreaks. Furthermore, gypsy moth outbreaks exhibit two significant...

78 FR 63369 - Gypsy Moth Generally Infested Areas; Additions in Wisconsin

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-24

.... APHIS-2012-0075] Gypsy Moth Generally Infested Areas; Additions in Wisconsin AGENCY: Animal and Plant... Wisconsin to the list of generally infested areas based on the detection of infestations of gypsy moth in...- 0075), we amended Sec. 301.45-3(a) by adding portions of Wisconsin to the list of generally infested...

Interactions between nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Nosema sp. infecting gypsy moth

Treesearch

L. S. Bauer; M. McManus; J. Maddox

1991-01-01

Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) is the only entomopathogen that plays an important role in the natural regulation of North American gypsy moth populations. Recent European studies suggest that populations of gypsy moth in Eurasia are regulated primarily by the interactions between NPV and several species of microsporidia. Researchers have proposed that the...

Evaluation of the Abington isolate of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus against a formulation of Gypchek in small field plots

Treesearch

R. E. Webb; M. Shapiro; J. D. Podgwaite; D. D. Cohen; R. L. Ridgway

1991-01-01

The "Abington" isolate of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) was compared with a formulation of Gypchek against a natural gypsy moth population in the Swallow Falls State Forest in Garrett County, MD.

Leading edge gypsy moth population dynamics

Treesearch

M. R. Carter; F. W. Ravlin; M. L. McManus

1991-01-01

Leading edge gypsy moth populations have been the focus of several intervention programs (MDIPM, AIPM). Knowledge of gypsy moth population dynamics in leading edge area is crucial for effective management. Populations in these areas tend to reach outbreak levels (noticeable defoliation) within three to four years after egg masses are first detected. Pheromone traps...

[Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. in the South Urals: Patterns in population dynamics and modelling].

PubMed

Soukhovolsky, V G; Ponomarev, V I; Sokolov, G I; Tarasova, O V; Krasnoperova, P A

2015-01-01

The analysis is conducted on population dynamics of gypsy moth from different habitats of the South Urals. The pattern of cyclic changes in population density is examined, the assessment of temporal conjugation in time series of gypsy moth population dynamics from separate habitats of the South Urals is carried out, the relationships between population density and weather conditions are studied. Based on the results obtained, a statistical model of gypsy moth population dynamics in the South Urals is designed, and estimations are given of regulatory and modifying factors effects on the population dynamics.

Analysis of spatial density dependence in gypsy moth mortality

Treesearch

Andrew Liebhold; Joseph S. Elkinton

1991-01-01

The gypsy moth is perhaps the most widely studied forest insect in the world and much of this research has focused on various aspects of population dynamics. But despite this voluminous amount of research we still lack a good understanding of which, if any, natural enemy species regulate gypsy moth populations. The classical approach to analyzing insect population...

Determining the economic feasibility of salvaging gypsy moth-killed hardwoods

Treesearch

Chris B. LeDoux

1990-01-01

Oak sawlog and pulpwood losses in stands defoliated by gypsy moths have become a critical problem for some forest landowners. The salvage of gypsy moth-killed hardwoods can become an important source of pulpwood and sawlogs. This study documents a methodology and provides guidelines to determine defoliated oak stands that are economically salvageable. Stand data from...

Gypsy moth effects on mast production

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk

1990-01-01

Gypsy moth outbreaks can have drastic effects on many forest resources and uses. Because the gypsy moth prefers oak foliage, oak stands are the most susceptible to defoliation and resultant damage. The value of oak mast for many wildlife species is high. The high carbohydrate content of acorns provides the energy necessary for winter survival. Loss of mast crops due to...

What causes the patterns of gypsy moth defoliation?

Treesearch

Clive G. Jones

1991-01-01

Gypsy moth defoliation is typically observed to occur on xeric ridge tops before more mesic, lowland forest, in oak-dominated habitats in the Northeast. In subsequent years defoliation may also occur in mesic forests. What causes this pattern of defoliation? Differences in the degree of defoliation may be due to differences in the density of gypsy moth populations in...

Interactive effects of defoliation and low resource levels on photosynthesis, growth, and gypsy moth larval response to red oak seedlings

Treesearch

James B. McGraw; Kurt W. Gottschalk

1991-01-01

The potential for defoliation of oak seedlings by gypsy moth is quite high. We were interested in examining the interactions between various natural stresses and resulting gypsy moth feeding preferences and the results of defoliation stress on the growth and photosynthetic responses of the oak seedlings.

Forest susceptibility to the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Andrew M. Liebhold; Kurt W. Gottschalk; Douglas A. Mason; Renate R. Bush

1997-01-01

Since 1868 or 1869, when it was introduced near Boston, the gypsy moth has been slowly expanding its range to include the entire northeastern United States and portions of Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, and Michigan (Liebhold et al. 1992, 1996). It is inevitable that the gypsy moth will continue to spread south and west over the next century.

Silvicultural guidelines for forest stands threatened by the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk

1993-01-01

Ecological and silvicultural information on the interaction of gypsy moth and its host forest types is incorporated into silvicultural guidelines for minimizing the impacts of gypsy moth on forest stands threatened by the insect. Decision charts are used to match stand and insect conditions to the proper prescription that includes instructions for implementing it....

Gypsy moth in the southeastern U.S.: Biology, ecology, and forest management strategies

Treesearch

Bruce W. ​Kauffman; Wayne K. Clatterbuck; Andrew M. Liebhold; David R. Coyle

2017-01-01

The European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) is a non-native insect that was accidentally introduced to North America in 1869 when it escaped cultivation by a French amateur entomologist living near Boston, MA. Despite early efforts to eradicate the species, it became established throughout eastern Massachusetts. Since then, the gypsy moth has...

Introduction and establishment of Entomophaga maimaiga, a fungal pathogen of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Michigan

Treesearch

D. R. Smitley; L. S. Bauer; A. E. Hajek; F. J. Sapio; R. A. Humber

1995-01-01

In 1991, late instars of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were sampled and diagnosed for infections of the pathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper and for gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) at 50 sites in Michigan. Approximately 1,500 larvae were collected and reared from these sites, and no...

Spread of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and Its Relationship to Defoliation

Treesearch

Patrick C. Tobin; Stefanie L. Whitmire

2005-01-01

Gypsy moth management is divided into three components: eradication, suppression, and transition zone management. All three components require knowledge of the boundaries that delimit these areas. Additional interest is also placed on the relationship between population spread and defoliation to prepare for the gypsy moth advance in new areas and minimize its impact....

Tree mortality in mixed pine-hardwood stands defoliated by the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.)

Treesearch

Mark H. Eisenbies; Christopher Davidson; James Johnson; Ralph Amateis; Kurt Gottschalk

2007-01-01

Defoliation by the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and subsequent tree mortality have been well documented in the northeastern United States. In this study we evaluate tree mortality after initial defoliation in mixed pine?hardwood stands in the southeastern United States as the range of European gypsy moth expands.

Assessment of MODIS NDVI time series data products for detecting forest defoliation by gypsy moth outbreaks

Treesearch

Joseph P. Spruce; Steven Sader; Robert E. Ryan; James Smoot; Philip Kuper; al. et.

2011-01-01

This paper discusses an assessment of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series data products for detecting forest defoliation from European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). This paper describes an effort to aid the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service in developing and assessing MODIS-based gypsy moth defoliation...

Impact of Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) on outbreak gypsy moth populations (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): the role of weather

Treesearch

James R. ​Reilly; Ann E. Hajek; Andrew M. Liebhold; Ruth Plymale

2014-01-01

The fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, and Soper is prevalent in gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (L.)] populations throughout North America. To understand how weather-related variables influence gypsy moth–E. maimaiga interactions in the field, we measured fungal infection rates at 12 sites...

Characteristics of Stands Susceptible and Resistant to Gypsy Moth Defoliation

Treesearch

David R. Houston

1983-01-01

Site conditions strongly influence where gypsy moth defohation will occur. In New England, where gypsy moths and foresta have interacted for over a century, some foreats have had a history of repeated defoliation while others have been defo1iated only rarely. The often defohated or susceptible forests characteristically grow on dry sitea such as rocky ridges or deep...

Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of geographic variants of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, reveals a previously undescribed genotypic entity

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., is one of the most destructive forest pests in the world. While the subspecies established in North America is the European gypsy moth (L. dispar dispar), whose females are flightless, the two Asian subspecies, L. dispar asiatica and L. dispar japonica, have flig...

Preliminary results on predation of gypsy moth egg masses in Slovakia

Treesearch

Marek Turcani; Andrew Liebhold; Michael McManus; Julius Novotny

2003-01-01

Predation of gypsy moth egg masses was studied in Slovakia from 1999-2002. Predation on naturally laid egg masses was recorded and linear regression was used to test the hypothesis that predation follows a type II vs. type III functional response. We also investigated the role of egg mass predation in gypsy moth population dynamics. The relative contribution of...

Relationships between overstory composition and gypsy moth egg-mass density

Treesearch

Robert W. Campbell

1974-01-01

Most of the silvicultural recommendations for reducing the hazard of gypsy moth outbreaks have been based in part on the premise that gypsy moth density levels are related closely to the proportion of favored food trees in the overstory. This premise did not prove to be true for a series of plots observed in eastern New England between 1911 and 1931.

Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006

Treesearch

Kurt W., ed. Gottschalk

2007-01-01

Contains three abstracts and papers from the 2005 Forum and 70 abstracts and papers of oral and poster presentations on gypsy moth and other invasive species biology, molecular biology, ecology, impacts, and management presented at the annual U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species.

The Homeowner and the Gypsy Moth: Guidelines for Control

Treesearch

Michael L. McManus; David R. Houston; William E. Wallner

1979-01-01

The gypsy moth is the most important defoliating insect of hardwood trees in the Eastern United States (fig. 1). Since the turn of the century, millions of dollars have been spent in efforts to control or eliminate gypsy moth populations and to retard natural and artificial spread. In the early decades of this century, outbreaks occurred only in New England; today...

A comparison of tree crown condition in areas with and without gypsy moth activity

Treesearch

KaDonna C. Randolph

2005-01-01

This study compared the crown condition of trees within and outside areas of gypsy moth defoliation in Virginia via hypothesis tests of mean differences for five U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis phase 3 crown condition indicators. Significant differences were found between the trees located within and outside gypsy moth...

A comparison of tree crown condition in areas with and without gypsy moth activity

Treesearch

KaDonna C. Randolph

2007-01-01

This study compared the crown condition of trees within and outside areas of gypsy moth defoliation in Virginia via hypothesis tests of mean differences for five U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis phase 3 crown condition indicators. Significant differences were found between the trees located within and outside gypsy moth...

Gypsy moth impacts on oak acorn production

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk

1991-01-01

Gypsy moth outbreaks can have drastic effects on many f a s t resources and uses. Because gypsy moth prefers oak foliage, oak stands are the most susceptible to defoliation and resultant damage. The value of oak mast for many wildlife species is high. The high carbohydrate content of acorns provides the energy necessary for winter survival. Loss of mast crops due to...

Effects of gypsy moth-oriented silvicultural treatments on vertebrate predator communities

Treesearch

Richard D. Greer; Robert C. Whitmore

1991-01-01

The impact of forest thinning, as an alternative gypsy moth management technique, on insectivorous birds and small mammals is being investigated in the West Virginia University Forest. The effects of thinning on predation of gypsy moth larvae and pupae by vertebrates are also being examined. Pre-thinning studies were conducted during the spring, summer, and fall of...

Landscape ecology of gypsy moth in the Northeastern United States

Treesearch

Andrew Liebhold; Joel Halverson; Gregory Elmes; Jay Hutchinson

1991-01-01

The gypsy moth was accidentally introduced to North America near Boston by E. Leopold Trouvelot in 1869. Since that time, the range of the gypsy moth has slowly spread and the generally infested region presently extends as far as Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia and North Carolina. A separate isolated but expanding population exists in Michigan. The goal of this study was...

Gypsy Moth Host Interactions: A Concept of Room and Board

Treesearch

William E.  Wallner

1983-01-01

The influence of host type and condition on the bioecology of gypsy moth are discussed from the viewpoint of room and board. Larval establishment was higher on preferred hosts; less than 5% migrated off them. Nonpreferred hosts lost 10-25% of larvae. Susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae to nucleopolyhedrosis virus increased following 1 or 2 years of defoliation....

Susceptibility of regeneration in clearcuts to defoliation by gypsy moth

Treesearch

Ray R., Jr. Hicks; Robert M. Fultineer; Barbara S. Ware; Kurt W. Gottschalk

1993-01-01

In 1991 and 1992, we observed gypsy moth defoliation of oak regeneration in clearcuts of varying sizes and ages. We established plots in the surrounding mature forests to document ambient gypsy moth population levels and placed subplots within the clearcuts designed to examine the effect of location relative to the clearcut edge. We found that the levels of defoliation...

Fine structure of selected mouthpart sensory organs of gypsy moth larvae

Treesearch

Vonnie D.C. Shields

2011-01-01

Gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.), are major pest defoliators in most of the United States and destroy millions of acres of trees annually. They are highly polyphagous and display a wide host plant preference, feeding on the foliage of hundreds of plants, such as oak, maple, and sweet gum. Lepidopteran larvae, such as the gypsy moth, depend...

Tracking changes in the susceptibility of forest land infested with gypsy moth

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; John W. Quimby; Susan L. King; Stanford L. Arner; David A. Drake

1994-01-01

Does forest land subject to intensive outbreaks of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) become less susceptible to defoliation? A model for estimating the likelihood of gypsy moth defoliation has been developed and validated. It was applied to forest-inventory plot data to quantify trends in the susceptibility of forest land in south-central Pennsylvania during a period of...

Persistent effects of aerial applications of disparlure on gypsy moth: trap catch and mating success

Treesearch

Kevin W. Thorpe; Ksenia S. Tcheslavskaia; Patrick C. Tobin; Laura M. Blackburn; Donna S. Leonard; E. Anderson Roberts

2007-01-01

In forest plots treated aerially with a plastic laminated flake formulation (Disrupt® II) of the gypsy moth sex pheromone disparlure to disrupt gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), mating was monitored the year of treatment and 1-2 years after treatment to determine the effects of the treatment on suppression of...

The effects of gypsy moth defoliation on soil water chemistry

Treesearch

Thomas R., Jr. Eagle; Ray R., Jr. Hicks

1993-01-01

Twenty-eight plots were established in oak stands along the leading edge of gypsy moth migration into north-central West Virginia. Plots were arranged in a 3-chain square grid pattern in areas of varying aspect, percent slope, elevation, site index and species composition. Soft water, gypsy moth frass and leaf fragments generated by larval feeding were collected weekly...

Preparing for the gypsy moth - design and analysis for stand management Dorr Run, Wayne National Forest

Treesearch

J. J. Colbert; Phil Perry; Bradley Onken

1997-01-01

As the advancing front of the gypsy moth continues its spread throughout Ohio, silviculturists on the Wayne National Forest are preparing themselves for potential gypsy moth outbreaks in the coming decade. Through a cooperative effort between the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station and Northeastern Area, Forest Health Protection, the Wayne National Forest, Ohio, is...

Passage of infectious nuclear polyhedrosis virus through the alimentary tracts of two small mammal predators of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Treesearch

R.A. Lautenschlager; J.D. Podgwaite

1977-01-01

The white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque, and the short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda Say, 2 small mammal predators of the gypsy moth, have demonstrated the ability to pass significant amounts of infectious nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) through their alimentary tracts. Ninety-five percent of the gypsy moth...

Modeling Gypsy Moth-Related Tree Mortality Under Different Outbreak Scenarios in Interior Highlands Forests

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk; James M. Guldin; Jimmie J. Colbert

2004-01-01

A simulation was conducted to determine how growth of forests in the Interior Highlands would change under attack by the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). Simulations were conducted for three different outbreak intensities using the Gypsy Moth Stand-Damage Model. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) inventory data were used as input for the simulation...

Allee effects and pulsed invasion by the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Derk M. Johnson; Andrew M. Liebhold; Patrick C. Tobin; Ottar N. Bjornstad

2006-01-01

Biological invasions pose considerable threats to the world's ecosystems and cause substantial economic losses. A prime example is the invasion of the gypsy moth in the United States, for which more than $194 million was spent on management and monitoring between 1985 and 2004 alone. The spread of the gypsy moth across eastern North America is, perhaps, the most...

Bt: One Option for Gypsy Moth Management

Treesearch

Deborah C. Mccullough; Leah S. Bauer

2000-01-01

Though the gypsy moth will never go away, you have a variety of options to help manage this pest during outbreaks. One option involves the use of Bt to protect tree foliage and reduce the annoyance caused by gypsy moth caterpillars during an outbreak. Bt or Btk refers to a microorganism called Bacillus Thuringeniesis var. kurstaki. Bt has been widely adopted for...

Outcrossing colonies of the Otis New Jersey gypsy moth strain and its effect on progeny development

Treesearch

John Allen Tanner; Charles P. Schwalbe

1991-01-01

The Otis New Jersey gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) strain is considered the "white rat" of gypsy moth research. This strain has been laboratory reared for 34 generations. It currently consists of 35 subcolonies or cohorts that have been genetically isolated from one another for several generations. Usually, larvae that hatch at the same...

Slow the Spread: a national program to manage the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Patrick C. Tobin; Laura M. Blackburn

2007-01-01

The gypsy moth is a destructive, nonindigenous pest of forest, shade, and fruit trees that was introduced into the United States in 1869, and is currently established throughout the Northeast and upper Midwest. The Slow the Spread Program is a regional integrated pest management strategy that aims to minimize the rate of gypsy moth spread into uninfested areas. The...

Selection of active strains of the gypsy moth nuclearpolyhedrosis virus

Treesearch

M. Shapiro; E. Dougherty

1985-01-01

The gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) has grown in economic importance as an insect pest over the past 75 years. From a localized infestation of a small geographical area of New England, the gypsy moth has spread to such an extent that is now found over much of the United States. Control measures are varied, but effective biological control is...

Inference of adult female dispersal from the distribution of gypsy moth egg masses in a Japanese city

Treesearch

A.M. Liebhold; Marek Turcani; Naoto Kamata

2008-01-01

The native range of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) spans the temperate forests of Eurasia. Across this region, a clinal female flight polymorphism exists; gypsy moth females in eastern Asia are mostly capable of directed flight, those in western and southern Europe are largely incapable of flight and populations distributed across the centre of...

The effects of tree species and site conditions on gypsy moth survival and growth in Michigan

Treesearch

John A. Witter; Michael E. Montgomery; Charley A. Chilcote; Jennifer L. Stoyenoff

1991-01-01

In 1987, we began a study to determine the relationships between gypsy moth growth and survival and forest site factors. The major objectives of this study were to determine the (1) relationships between gypsy moth survival and growth and different ecosystem conditions, (2) relationships among egg hatch, host phenology, and distribution of small larvae in the...

Proceedings, XV U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2004

Treesearch

Kurt W., ed. Gottschalk

2005-01-01

Contains 61 abstracts and papers of oral and poster presentations on gypsy moth and other invasive species biology, molecular biology, ecology, impacts, and management presented at the annual U. S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species. The online version contains two additional papers that were not available at...

Preliminary results of the FVS gypsy moth event monitor using remeasurement plot data from Northern West Virginia

Treesearch

Matthew P. Perkowski; John R. Brooks; Kurt W. Gottschalk

2008-01-01

Predictions based on the Gypsy Moth Event Monitor were compared to remeasurement plot data from stands receiving gypsy moth defoliation. These stands were part of a silvicultural treatment study located in northern West Virginia that included a sanitation thinning, a presalvage thinning and paired no-treatment controls. In all cases the event monitor under predicted...

Preliminary results on predation of gypsy moth pupae during a period of latency in Slovakia

Treesearch

Marek Turcani; Andrew M. Liebhold; Michael McManus; J& #250; lius Novotn& #253

2003-01-01

Predation of gypsy moth pupae was studied from 2000 -2003 in Slovakia. Predation on artificially reared pupae was recorded and linear regression was used to test the hypothesis that predation follows a type II vs. type III functional response. The role of pupal predation in gypsy moth population dynamics was also investigated. The relative importance of predation of...

Effect of Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus on Selected Mammalian Predators of the Gypsy Moth

Treesearch

R.A. Lautenschlager; C.H. Kircher; J.D. Podgwaite

1977-01-01

Nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the gypsy moth was fed to three mammalian predators of the insect: the white-footed mouse, the short-tailed shrew, and the Virginia opposum in the form of NPV-infected 5th instar gypsy moth larvae, polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB's) mixed in dog food and PIB's mixed in a standard spray formulation. The total amount of NPV...

Passage of nucleopolyhedrosis virus by avian and mammalian predators of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Treesearch

R.A. Lautenschlager; J.D. Podgwaite

1979-01-01

Five species of mammals and 3 species of birds passed polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) through their alimentary tracts in amounts great enough to kIll gypsy moth larvae. In bioassays. Opossums and raccoons passed roughly 5% of the PIB administered by intubation while white-footed mice, a short-tailed shrew, and southern...

User's guide to the stand-damage model: a component of the gypsy moth life system model

Treesearch

J. J. Colbert; George Racin

1995-01-01

The Stand-Damage Model (a component of the Gypsy Moth Life System Model) simulates the growth of a mixed hardwood forest and incorporates the effects of defoliation by gypsy moth or tree harvesting as prescribed by the user. It can be used to assess the damage from expected defoliation, view the differences between various degrees of defoliation, and describe the...

Effects of winter temperatures on gypsy moth egg masses in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

Treesearch

J.A. Andresen; D.G. McCullough; B.E. Potter; C.N. Koller; L.S. Bauer; C. W. Ramm

2001-01-01

Accurate prediction of winter survival of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) eggs and phenology of egg hatch in spring are strongly dependent on temperature and are critical aspects of gypsy moth management programs. We monitored internal temperatures of egg masses at three heights aboveground level and at the four cardinal aspects on oak tree stems at two different...

The Influence of Herbivory on the net rate of Increase of Gypsy Moth Abundance: A Modeling Analysis

Treesearch

 Harry T.  Valentine

1983-01-01

A differential equation model of gypsy moth abundance, average larval dry weight, and food abundance was used to analyze the effects of changes in foliar chemistry on the net per capita rate of increase in a gypsy moth population. If relative consumption rate per larva is unaffected by herbivory, a reduction in the nutritional value of foliage reduces the net rate of...

An insect out of control? The potential for spread and establishment of the gypsy moth in new forest areas in the United States

Treesearch

Max W. McFadden; Michael E. McManus

1991-01-01

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., was introduced from Europe into North America near Boston, Massachusetts, in 1869, and is now well established as a serious defoliator of forest, shade, and fruit trees over much of the eastern United States. Despite substantial efforts to eradicate, contain, or control this pest, the gypsy moth has persisted...

Economic Analysis of the Gypsy Moth Problem in the Northeast: III. Impacts on Homeowners and Managers of Recreation Areas

Treesearch

George H. Moeller; Raymond Marler; Roger E. McCay; William B. White

1977-01-01

The economic impacts of a gypsy moth infestation on homeowners and on managers of recreation areas (commercial, public, and quasi-public) were determined from data collected via interviews with 540 homeowners and 170 managers of recreation areas in New York and Pennsylvania. The approach to measuring the impact of gypsy moth was to determine the interaction of a...

Response of Adult Lymantriid Moths to Illumination Devices in the Russian Far East

Treesearch

William E. Wallner; Lee M. Humble; Robert E. Levin; Yuri N. Baranchikov; Ring T. Carde; Ring T. Carde

1995-01-01

In field studies in the Russian Far East, five types of illuminating devices were evaluated for attracting adult gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), pink gypsy moth, L. mathura Moore, and nun moth, L. monacha (L.). Our objective was to determine if light from commercial lamps suited to out-of-doors floodlighting could be modified to reduce their attractiveness to moths...

Lymantria monacha (nun moth) and L. dispar (gypsy moth) survival and development on improved Pinus radiata

Treesearch

T.M. Withers; M.A. Keena

2001-01-01

The lymantriid forest defoliators, Lymantria monacha L. (nun moth) and Lymantria dispar L. (gypsy moth) are particularly severe pests in other countries in the world, but the ability of these moths to utilise and complete development on Pinus radiata D. Don had never been established. In laboratory trials, colonies of central European L. monacha and Russian far east (...

Evaluation of the effects of light entensity and time interval after the start of scotophase on the female flight propensity of Asian gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Treesearch

Fang Chen; Juan Shi; Melody Keena

2016-01-01

Asian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), females are capable of flight, but little is known about what causes the variation in flight propensity that has been observed. The female flight propensity and capability of Asian gypsy moth from seven geographic populations (three from China, two from Russia, one from Japan, and one...

Molecular characterization of the insect immune protein hemolin and its high induction during embryonic diapause in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Treesearch

K.-Y. Lee; F. M. Horodyski; A. P. Valaitis; D. L. Denlinger

2002-01-01

During the embryonic (pharate first instar) diapause of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, a 55 kDa protein is highly up-regulated in the gut. We now identify that protein as hemolin, an immune protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. We isolated a gypsy moth hemolin cDNA and demonstrated a high degree of similarity with hemolins from three other...

Impact of Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) on outbreak gypsy moth populations (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): the role of weather.

PubMed

Reilly, James R; Hajek, Ann E; Liebhold, Andrew M; Plymale, Ruth

2014-06-01

The fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, and Soper is prevalent in gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (L.)] populations throughout North America. To understand how weather-related variables influence gypsy moth-E. maimaiga interactions in the field, we measured fungal infection rates at 12 sites in central Pennsylvania over 3 yr, concurrently measuring rainfall, soil moisture, humidity, and temperature. Fungal mortality was assessed using both field-collected larvae and laboratory-reared larvae caged on the forest floor. We found significant positive effects of moisture-related variables (rainfall, soil moisture, and relative humidity) on mortality due to fungal infection in both data sets, and significant negative effects of temperature on the mortality of field-collected larvae. Lack of a clear temperature relationship with the mortality of caged larvae may be attributable to differential initiation of infection by resting spores and conidia or to microclimate effects. These relationships may be helpful in understanding how gypsy moth dynamics vary across space and time, and in forecasting how the gypsy moth and fungus will interact as they move into warmer or drier areas, or new weather conditions occur due to climate change.

Interaction between gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and some competitive defoliators

Treesearch

Milka M. Glavendeki& #263; ; Ljubodrag S. Mihajlovi& #263

2007-01-01

Insect defoliators liable to frequent or occasional outbreaks can endanger forestry production and disturb the stability of forest ecosystems. There were studied life cycles, parasitoids, predators and population dynamics of leaf rollers, the winter moths, noctuids and gypsy moth, which occur in oak forests.

Identification and characterization of a RAPD-PCR marker for distinguishing Asian and North American gypsy moths

Treesearch

K.J. Garner; J.M. Slavicek

1996-01-01

The recent introduction of the Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) into North America has necessitated the development of genetic markers to distinguish Asian moths from the established North American population, which originated in Europe. We used RAPD-PCR to identify a DNA length polymorphism that is diagnostic for the two moth strains. The...

Global gypsy--the moth that gets around

Treesearch

W.E. Wallner

1998-01-01

It is difficult to document the total economic impacts of exotic insect pests on eastern U.S. forests. Annual losses to a single introduced pest, the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., have exceeded $30 million from 1980 to 1996. The complicated behavior and actions of humans in accelerating the spread of this "global gypsy" are discussed....

Histochemical study of lectin binding sites in fourth and fifth instar gypsy moth larval midgut epithelium

Treesearch

Algimantas P. Valaitis

2011-01-01

There is evidence that the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, midgut epithelial brush border membrane has membrane-bound glycoconjugates, such as BTR-270 and aminopeptidase N (APN), which function as high affinity binding sites (receptors) for the insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). As gypsy...

General and specific gypsy moth predators

Treesearch

Ronald M. Weseloh

1991-01-01

General larval predators of low-density gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations have been assessed by exposing caterpillars tethered by threads. Most mortality occurred on tree trunks and in leaf litter.

The use of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki for managing gypsy moth populations under the Slow the Spread Program, 1996-2010, relative to the distributional range of threatened and endangered species

Treesearch

Laura M. Blackburn; Donna S. Leonard; Patrick C. Tobin

2011-01-01

The Slow the Spread Program operates along the expanding population front of the gypsy moth, from Minnesota to North Carolina. The primary objective of the program is to eliminate newly-founded colonies that form ahead of the leading edge to reduce the gypsy moth's rate of spread and delay the costs associated with infestation and outbreaks. Although the majority...

Interaction between a Nosema sp. (Microspora: Nosematidae) and Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Infecting the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)1

Treesearch

Leah S. Bauer; Deborah L. Miller; Joseph V. Maddox; Michael L. McManus

1998-01-01

Simultaneous and sequential per os inoculations of gypsy moth larvae with the Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV) and a Nosema sp. from Portugal demonstrated that the interaction of two pathogens during coinfection was variable, ranging from synergistic to antagonistic. Susceptibility of gypsy...

Gypsy moth life system model

Treesearch

J. J. Colbert; G. E. Racin

1991-01-01

The model is composed of four major subsystems that are driven by weather. The stand subsystem incorporates the effects of damage by the gypsy moth into annual tree diameter and height growth as well as tree mortality.

Pennsylvania's experiences with microbial control of the gypsy moth

Treesearch

James O. Nichols

1985-01-01

Pennsylvania's first experience with using Bt on insect control occurred in 1964. For the next 17 years, various projects were conducted, in cooperation with the USFS and industry, in an effort to secure operational status of Bt for gypsy moth suppression. This point was reached in 1982, and the Governor was convinced that the time was right to convert most gypsy...

Leaf Quality and the Host Preferences of Gypsy Moth in the Northern Deciduous Forest

Treesearch

Martin J.  Lechowicz

1983-01-01

Both gypsy morh host preferences and the foliage characteristics thaL have been implicated as factors in host selection were monitored from 1979 to 1982 in a Quercus-Acer-Ostrya forest near Montreal, Quebec. The preliminary analyses of these data suggest the hypothesis that gypsy moth larvae preferentially attack trees that have high sugar:tannin...

Silvicultural treatments and logging costs for minimizing gypsy moth impacts

Treesearch

Michael D. Erickson; Curt C. Hassler; Chris B. LeDoux

1991-01-01

Gypsy moth defoliation is a serious threat to eastern hardwood forests. Felling and skidding costs for harvesting timber in silvicultural thinnings designed to reduce the impacts of the moth were evaluated. Cost of felling the nonmerchantable component of the thinnings to achieve treatment objectives are reported, along with a discussion of the economic feasibility of...

Impact of small mammal predators on gypsy moth

Treesearch

Joseph S. Elkinton; Harvey R. Smith; Andrew M. Liebhold

1991-01-01

Research in western Massachusetts, on Cape Cod, and on Bryant Mountain in Vermont conducted over the past decade has confirmed the importance of mortality during the late larval and pupal stages to gypsy moth population dynamics.

78 FR 24665 - Gypsy Moth Generally Infested Areas; Additions in Wisconsin

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-26

... forest, shade, and commercial trees such as nursery stock and Christmas trees. The gypsy moth regulations... tree growers, and 2 nurseries. We expect that most if not all of these businesses are small according...

Estimating the Effect of Gypsy Moth Defloiation Using MODIS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

deBeurs, K. M.; Townsend, P. A.

2008-01-01

The area of North American forests affected by gypsy moth defoliation continues to expand despite efforts to slow the spread. With the increased area of infestation, ecological, environmental and economic concerns about gypsy moth disturbance remain significant, necessitating coordinated, repeatable and comprehensive monitoring of the areas affected. In this study, our primary objective was to estimate the magnitude of defoliation using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery for a gypsy moth outbreak that occurred in the US central Appalachian Mountains in 2000 and 2001. We focused on determining the appropriate spectral MODIS indices and temporal compositing method to best monitor the effects of gypsy moth defoliation. We tested MODIS-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and two versions of the Normalized Difference Infrared index (NDIIb6 and NDIIb7, using the channels centered on 1640 nm and 2130 nm respectively) for their capacity to map defoliation as estimated by ground observations. In addition, we evaluated three temporal resolutions: daily, 8-day and 16-day data. We validated the results through quantitative comparison to Landsat based defoliation estimates and traditional sketch maps. Our MODIS based defoliation estimates based on NDIIb6 and NDIIb7 closely matched Landsat defoliation estimates derived from field data as well as sketch maps. We conclude that daily MODIS data can be used with confidence to monitor insect defoliation on an annual time scale, at least for larger patches (greater than 0.63 km2). Eight-day and 16-day MODIS composites may be of lesser use due to the ephemeral character of disturbance by the gypsy moth.

Gypsy moth larval defense mechanisms against pathogenic microorganisms

Treesearch

Kathleen S. Shields; Tariq M. Butt

1991-01-01

We investigated the response of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, larval hemocytes to L. dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) administered per os and by injection, and to injected hyphal bodies and natural protoplasts of some entomopathogenic, entomophthoralean fungi.

Felling and skidding cost estimates for thinnings to reduce gypsy moth impacts

Treesearch

Michael D. Erickson; Curt C. Hassler; Chris B. LeDoux

1991-01-01

The gypsy moth is a serious threat to the hardwood forests of the eastern United States. Although chemical treatments currently exist which can be used to help control the impacts of the moth, silvicultural control measures are just now being proposed and tested. Felling and skidding cost estimates for harvesting merchantable timber under two such proposed...

Comparison of methods for estimating the spread of a non-indigenous species

Treesearch

Patrick C. Tobin; Andrew M. Liebhold; E. Anderson Roberts

2007-01-01

Aim: To compare different quantitative approaches for estimating rates of spread in the exotic species gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., using county-level presence/absence data and spatially extensive trapping grids. Location: USA. Methods: We used county-level presence/absence records of the gypsy moth?s distribution in the USA, which are available beginning in 1900,...

Forecasting defoliation by the gypsy moth in oak stands

Treesearch

Robert W. Campbell; Joseph P. Standaert

1974-01-01

A multiple-regression model is presented that reflects statistically significant correlations between defoliation by the gypsy moth, the dependent variable, and a series of biotic and physical independent variables. Both possible uses and shortcomings of this model are discussed.

Measurement of pheromone concentration using a portable electroantennogram

Treesearch

Kevin W. Thorpe; Alexei A. Sharov; Ksenia S. Tcheslavskaia

2003-01-01

Mating disruption is an increasingly important tactic against the gypsy moth in the United States. Since the full implementation of the federal Slow-the-Spread of the Gypsy Moth program in 2000, mating disruption has become the predominant method used.

History of research on modelling gypsy moth population ecology

Treesearch

J. J. Colbert

1991-01-01

History of research to develop models of gypsy moth population dynamics and some related studies are described. Empirical regression-based models are reviewed, and then the more comprehensive process models are discussed. Current model- related research efforts are introduced.

Microbial control of the gypsy moth in recently infested states: experiences and expectations

Treesearch

Timothy C. Tigner

1985-01-01

Experiences and expectations concerning microbial control of the gypsy moth in recently infested states are summarized. Initial experience included mixed results, but expectations remain optimistic. Public sentiment assures continued pressure for improvement in microbial control technology.

Forest stand losses to gypsy moth in the Poconos

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; Owen W. Herrick

1978-01-01

A Study of forest stand losses associated with the gypsy moth outbreak of the early 1970's in the Pocono Mountain Region of northeastern Pennsylvania, showed that while most of the stands incurred little or no loss, a few suffered heavy damage

Tree condition and mortality following defoliation by the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Robert W. Campbell; Harry T. Valentine; Harry T. Valentine

1972-01-01

Relationships between expected defoliation and the subsequent condition and mortality rate among the defoliated trees are almost always important factors in deciding if, when, and where to take control action against a defoliator such as the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L. )

Interactions between microbial agents and gypsy moth parasites

Treesearch

Ronald M. Weseloh

1985-01-01

The parasite Cotesia melanoscelus attacks small gypsy moth larvae more successfully than large ones, and Bacillus thuringiensis retards the growth of caterpillars it does not kill. Together, both factors lead to higher parasitism by C. melanoscelus in areas sprayed with B. thuringiensis than...

Radiographing puparia of tachinid parasites of the gypsy moth, and application in parasite-release programs

Treesearch

T. M. Odell; P. A. Godwin; W. B. White

1974-01-01

A radiographic technique has been developed for observing and quantifying development and mortality of Blepharipa scutellata ( Robineau-Desvoidy), Parasetigena agilis (Robineau-Desvoidy), and Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), tachinid parasites of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.). Puparia...

The effect of various doses of pheromone on mating disruption in gypsy moth population

Treesearch

Ksenia Tcheslavskaia; Alexei A. Sharov; Kevin W. Thorpe; Carlyle C. Brewster

2003-01-01

An experiment was conducted in June-August 2001 in the Cumberland and Appomattox- Buckingham State Forests, Virginia to evaluate the effects of various doses of synthetic pheromone (racemic disparlure) on mating disruption of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.).

Entomophaga maimaiga panzootic in northeastern gypsy moth populations

Treesearch

Ann E. Hajek; Joseph S. Elkinton

1991-01-01

The fungal pathogen causing extensive mortality in gypsy moth larval populations during the 1989 field season has been identified as Entomophaga maimaiga. Identification was based on morphology and in vitro culture requirements, as well as results from allozyme and restriction fragment linked polymorphism analyses. E....

A simple technique for collecting chyle from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L.

Treesearch

Frank S. Kaczmarek; Normand R. Dubois

1979-01-01

A procedure for rapidly obtaining significant quantities of chyle is described. The amount and composition of chyle collected from larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), varied according to the instar examined and the age within the instar.

78 FR 23740 - Gypsy Moth Program; Record of Decision

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-22

... April 2013. Kevin Shea, Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. [FR Doc. 2013... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [Docket No. APHIS-2012-0113] Gypsy Moth Program; Record of Decision AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. ACTION...

The disease complex of the gypsy moth. II. Aerobic bacterial pathogens

Treesearch

J.D. Podgwaite; R.W. Campbell

1972-01-01

Eighty-six pathogenic aerobic bacterial isolates from diseased gypsy moth larvae collected in both sparse and dense populations were characterized and identified as members of the families Bacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Achromobacteraceae. The commonest pathogens were Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus...

Gypsy moths and American dog ticks: Space partners

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hayes, D. K.; Morgan, N. O.; Webb, R. E.; Goans, M. D.

1984-01-01

An experiment intended for the space shuttle and designed to investigate the effects of weightlessness and total darkness on gypsy moth eggs and engorged American dog ticks is described. The objectives are: (1) to reevaluate the effects of zero gravity on the termination of diapause/hibernation of embryonated gypsy moth eggs, (2) to determine the effect of zero gravity on the ovipositions and subsequent hatch from engorged female American dog ticks that have been induced to diapause in the laboratory, and (3) to determine whether morphological or biochemical changes occur in the insects under examination. Results will be compared with those from a similar experiment conducted on Skylab 4.

Assessing MODIS-based Products and Techniques for Detecting Gypsy Moth Defoliation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spruce, Joseph P.; Hargrove, William; Smoot, James C.; Prados, Don; McKellip, Rodney; Sader, Steven A.; Gasser, Jerry; May, George

2008-01-01

The project showed potential of MODIS and VIIRS time series data for contributing defoliation detection products to the USFS forest threat early warning system. This study yielded the first satellite-based wall-to-wall 2001 gypsy moth defoliation map for the study area. Initial results led to follow-on work to map 2007 gypsy moth defoliation over the eastern United States (in progress). MODIS-based defoliation maps offer promise for aiding aerial sketch maps either in planning surveys and/or adjusting acreage estimates of annual defoliation. More work still needs to be done to assess potential of technology for "now casts"of defoliation.

COMPARISON OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES USED IN STUDYING LEPIDOPTERA POPULATION DYNAMICS

EPA Science Inventory

Four methods (light traps, foliage samples, canvas bands, and gypsy moth egg mass surveys) that are used to study the population dynamics of foliage-feeding Lepidoptera were compared for 10 species, including gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. Samples were collected weekly at 12 sit...

Mapping forest risk associated with the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Andrew M. Liebhold; Randall S. Morin; Andrew Lister; Kurt W. Gottschalk; Eugene Luzader; Daniel Twardus

2003-01-01

The gypsy moth was originally introduced near Boston in 1868 or 1869; it has been slowly expanding its range mostly to the south and west. Its slow spread through the Northeast can be attributed to the limited dispersal capabilities of this insect (females do not fly).

Gypsy Moth (Pest Alert-2001)

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service Southern Region and Northern Area State & Private Forestry

2001-01-01

The gypsy moth has been an important pest of hardwoods in the Northeastern United States since its introduction in 1869. Established populations exist in all or parts of 19 states from Maine to Wisconsin and south to Illinois and generally in a southeasterly line from Illinois to northeastern North Carolina.

Survival of Bacillus thuringiensis strains in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae is correlated with production of urease

Treesearch

Phyllis A.W. Martin; Robert R. Jr. Farrar; Michael B. Blackburn

2011-01-01

We tested 50 lepidopteran-toxic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) strains with diverse phenotypes for the ability to survive repeated passages through larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), without intervening growth on artificial media. These experiments have revealed a remarkable correlation...

Predicting the rate of change in timber value for forest stands infested with gypsy moth

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; Owen W. Herrick

1982-01-01

Presents a method for estimating the potential impact of gypsy moth attacks on forest-stand value. Robust regression analysis is used to develop an equation for predicting the rate of change in timber value from easy-to-measure key characteristics of stand condition.

Variation in gypsy moth, with comparisons to other Lymantria spp.

Treesearch

Paul W. Schaefer

1991-01-01

Specimens of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) sensu lato were displayed in museum trays. Many specimens were quarantine laboratory reared during the 1989 season to provide samples (wing venation, frozen adults, prepupal haemolymph, larval feeding behavior, egg mass hair color, head capsule coloration and larval development) for...

Understanding predation: implications toward forest management

Treesearch

Harvey R. Smith

1991-01-01

It is generally accepted that when gypsy moths rest in the litter survival is low due to predation by ground-foraging generalist predators and that predation can maintain these populations indefinitely. Forest Service research on predators of gypsy moth continues to focus on population dynamics, the mechanisms of predation and forest management implications.

Predicting tree mortality following gypsy moth defoliation

Treesearch

D.E. Fosbroke; R.R. Hicks; K.W. Gottschalk

1991-01-01

Appropriate application of gypsy moth control strategies requires an accurate prediction of the distribution and intensity of tree mortality prior to defoliation. This prior information is necessary to better target investments in control activities where they are needed. This poster lays the groundwork for developing hazard-rating systems for forests of the...

Gypcheck environmentally safe viral insecticide for gypsy moth control

Treesearch

Richard Reardon; John Podgwaite; Roger Zerillo

2012-01-01

This handbook is an update of handbook FHTET-2009-01, Gypchek - Bioinsecticide for the Gypsy Moth, printed in July, 2009. This update contains information on virus production, safety evaluations, results of efficacy and deposition evaluations, commercial production, and a copy of the revised registration label, material safety data sheet, and...

Vermont management in focal areas

Treesearch

Judy Rosovsky; Bruce L. Parker; Luke Curtis

1991-01-01

Following the 1979 outbreak of gypsy moths Lymantria dispar L. in Vermont, state personnel began monitoring a number of focal areas for signs of increase in gypsy moth populations. In 1986 data from this early warning system indicated an incipient outbreak. We took advantage of this increase to test an experimental management technique. Would...

New turf for gypsy moth; there's more at risk downrange

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; Owen W. Herrick; Paul S. DeBald; Jesus A. Cota

1983-01-01

Data collected from 600 field plots in central Pennsylvania forests threatened by gypsy moth point to a greater potential for damage downrange. Though greater than in the Poconos, losses are not expected to be spectacular. Still, some forest landowners will suffer heavy tree mortality to the pest.

Overview of hemlock health

Treesearch

Dennis R. Souto; Kathleen S. Shields

2000-01-01

Although many insects and diseases are associated with hemlock, we will, ironically, draw our first conclusion, that hemlocks are very sensitive to the stress of insect defoliation, from a tale of gypsy moth defoliation. The unprecedented gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) outbreak of 1981, when nearly 13 million acres were defoliated in the Northeast...

Recent field research using microbial insecticides against gypsy moth

Treesearch

Lawrence P. Abrahamson; Donald A. Eggen

1985-01-01

Field research since 1978 using different formulations, dosages, and spray volumes of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) against the gypsy moth are reviewed. Problems associated with inconsistent results are discussed, with an emphasis on timing of application. Recommendations for proper use of Bt are presented along with suggestions for further...

Gypsy moth

Treesearch

William Wallner

1989-01-01

The gypsy moth is the most important hardwood defoliating insect in North America. Since its inadvertent introduction into Massachusetts in 1869, it has spread naturally south and west at approximately 5 miles per year. Long distance spread has occurred from human activities such as moving household belongings, camping equipment, motor homes, or other articles...

THE EFFECT OF BACULOVIRUS INFECTION ON ECDYSTEROID TITER IN GYPSY MOTH LARVAE (LYMANTRIA DISPAR).

EPA Science Inventory

Insect baculovirus carries a gene refered to as egt. This gene encodes an enzyme known as ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyl transferase which catalyzes the sugar conjugation of ecdysteroids. Using a gypsy moth embryonic cell line EGT activity of Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus...

Mapping the defoliation potential of gypsy moth

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; Stanford L. Arner; Rachel Riemann Hershey; Susan L. King

1993-01-01

A model that uses forest stand characteristics to estimate the likelihood of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) defoliation has been developed. It was applied to recent forest inventory plot data to produce susceptibility ratings and a map showing defoliation potential for counties in Pennsylvania and six adjacent states on new frontiers of infestation.

Geographic isolates of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus: Genome sequence analysis and pathogenicity against European and Asian gypsy moth strains

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Geographic isolates of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus: Genome sequence analysis and pathogenicity against European and Asian gypsy moth strains. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) at the genomic level, the genomes of three isolates of...

Effects of defoliation by gypsy moth

Treesearch

Mark J. Twery

1991-01-01

Defoliation of trees by the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) has many and varied effects. It causes economic losses through lost forest production and reduced aesthetic qualities of the forest. However, defoliation may improve habitat for many species of wildlife and contribute to increased diversity of eastern forests. Effects on water resources,...

Tree mortality risk of oak due to gypsy moth

Treesearch

K.W. Gottschalk; J.J. Colbert; D.L. Feicht

1998-01-01

We present prediction models for estimating tree mortality resulting from gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, defoliation in mixed oak, Quercus sp., forests. These models differ from previous work by including defoliation as a factor in the analysis. Defoliation intensity, initial tree crown condition (crown vigour), crown position, and...

Vectoring gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus by Apanteles melanoscelus (Hym.:Braconidae)

Treesearch

B. Raimo; R.C. Reardon; J.D. Podgwaite

1977-01-01

Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. larvae were exposed to Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) females contaminated with nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Three methods of contamination (ovipositor, total body surface, and exposure to infected hosts) and two exposure periods (2 and 24 hours) were tested. A significantly greater incidence of...

Response of gypsy moth larvae to homologous and heterologous nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Treesearch

Kathleen S. Shields; Edward M. Dougherty

1991-01-01

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is not particularly susceptible to baculoviruses other than the nuclear polyhedrosis virus originally isolated from the species (LdMNPV). The multiple enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (AcMNPV), a very virulent baculovirus that replicates in a large number of...

Microsporidian pathogens in European gypsy moth populations

Treesearch

Michael L. McManus; Leellen Solter

2003-01-01

The significance of microsporidian pathogens as mortality agents of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in Europe frequently is overlooked. Collections of isolates from 10 different countries suggest that three genera and several biotypes are extant. It is important that the taxonomic placement and phylogeny of currently described genera and species be...

Coping with the gypsy moth on new frontiers of infestation

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; Owen W. Herrick; Garland N. Mason; Kurt W. Gottschalk

1987-01-01

Forest managers on new frontiers of infestation are searching for better ways to cope with the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). Presented herea are information and guidelines for remedial action to minimize future losses. Methods for assessing potential stand defoliation (susceptibility) and mortality (vulnerability), monitoring insect populations, and...

Field transmission of a microsporidian pathogen of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Treesearch

Thomas Kolling; Andreas Linde

2007-01-01

The quantification of the transmission of entomopathogens is important for the evaluation of their establishment and potential as biological control agents, however, only few field or semi-field studies were performed. The microsporidium Vairimorpha sp. was isolated from a gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) population in Bulgaria and is...

Computer analysis and mapping of gypsy moth levels in Pennsylvania using LANDSAT-1 digital data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, D. L.

1975-01-01

The effectiveness of using LANDSAT-1 multispectral digital data and imagery, supplemented by ground truth and aerial photography, was investigated as a new method of surveying gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar (L.)) (Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae) defoliation, which has greatly increased in Pennsylvania in recent years. Since the acreage and severity of gypsy moth defoliation reaches a peak from mid-June through the first few days of July, the July 8, 1973, LANDSAT-1 scene was chosen for analysis. Results indicate that LANDSAT-1 data can be used to discriminate between defoliated and healthy vegetation in Pennsylvania and that digital processing methods can be used to map the extent and degree of defoliation.

Historical Gypsy Moth Defoliation Frequency

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Gypsy moth populations may exist for many years at low densities such that it may be difficult to find any life stages. Then, for reasons that are not completely understood, populations may rise to very high densities and substantial defoliation of the canopy may occur. These data shows the historical frequency (1972-2002) pattern of gypsy moth defoliation as it spreads south and west from the New England states. forested areas with repeated annual defoliation become more stressed and are at increased risk of permanent damage. More information about these resources, including the variables used in this study, may be found here: https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/NERL/ReVA/ReVA_Data.zip.

Recovery of Bacillus thuringiensis and related spore-forming bacteria from soil after application for gypsy moth control

Treesearch

Phyllis A.W. Martin; Elizabeth A. Mongeon; Michael B. Blackburn; Dawn E. Gundersen-Rindal

2011-01-01

Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) has been applied for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) control in forests in the northeastern U.S. for many years. The subspecies of Bt that is used (urstaki) is not common in U.S. soil. We attempted to recover Bt from...

Effectiveness of artificial bark flaps in mediating migration of late-instar gypsy moth larvae

Treesearch

Michael L. McManus; Harvey R. Smith

1984-01-01

Field studies demonstrated that migrating larval instars of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), preferred resting locations placed on tree boles at 4.6 m over those placed at 1.5 and 3 m. More larvae were found beneath bark flaps than beneath flaps of hard black plastic.

Development of appropriate methodologies for sampling gypsy moth populations in moderately sized urban parks and other wooded public lands

Treesearch

K. W. Thorpe; R. L. Ridgway; R. E. Webb

1991-01-01

Egg mass survey data from operational gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) management programs in five Maryland county parks and the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) have demonstrated that improved survey protocols are needed to increase the precision and accuracy of the surveys.

Mesoscale landscape model of gypsy moth phenology

Treesearch

Joseph M. Russo; John G. W. Kelley; Andrew M. Liebhold

1991-01-01

A recently-developed high resolution climatological temperature data base was input into a gypsy moth phenology model. The high resolution data were created from a coupling of 30-year averages of station observations and digital elevation data. The resultant maximum and minimum temperatures have about a 1 km resolution which represents meteorologically the mesoscale....

The disease complex of the gypsy moth. 1. Major components

Treesearch

R.W. Campbell; J.D. Podgwaite

1971-01-01

A study was undertaken to elucidate the impact of the various components of disease on natural populations of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar. Diseased larvae from both sparse and dense populations were examined and categorized on the basis of etiologic and nonetiologic mortality factors. Results indicated a significantly higher incidence of...

Forest type affects predation on gypsy moth pupae

Treesearch

A.M. Liebhold; K.F. Raffa; A.L. Diss; A.L. Diss

2005-01-01

Predation by small mammals has previously been shown to be the largest source of mortality in low-density gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations in established populations in north-eastern North America. Fluctuations in predation levels are critical in determining changes in population densities. We compared small mammal communities and levels of predation on...

Gypsy moth impacts in pine-hardwood mixtures

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk; Mark J. Twery

1989-01-01

Gypsy moth has affected pine-hardwood mixtures, especially oak-pine stands, since the late 1800's. Several old and new studies on impacts in mixed stands are reviewed. When pines are heavily defoliated, considerable growth loss and mortality can occur. Mortality is heaviest in understory white pine trees, Impact information is used to suggest silvicultural...

Performance of gypsy moth larvae on hosts from the Deep South: survival, development and host preferences

Treesearch

C. Wayne Berisford; Todd J. Lanigan; Michael E. Montgomery

1991-01-01

Survival, development time and pupal weights of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., which had fed on southern tree hosts were determined. Five species of oaks, Quercus spp.; sweetgum, Liquidambar styracflua L.; and river birch, Betula nigra L., were found to be acceptable hosts. Survival and...

Variation in the suitability of tree species for the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Michael E. Montgomery

1991-01-01

Lymantria dispar L. is a polyphagous defoliator that feeds on a variety of trees and shrubs. These hosts vary considerably in their nutritional value for the gypsy moth. Classifications patterned after that of Mosher (1915) are used to group potential hosts into categories that correspond to suitable, marginal, and inadequate. Within species...

76 FR 38599 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

.... Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Title: Gypsy Moth Identification Worksheet. OMB Control Number... gypsy moth is one of the most destructive pests of fruit and ornamental trees as well as hardwood... considered to pose an even greater threat to trees and forested areas. In order to determine the presence and...

Susceptibility of the endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki used for gypsy moth suppression in Michigan

Treesearch

Catherine Papp Herms; Deborah G. McCullough; Leah S. Bauer; Robert A. Haack; Norman R. Dubois

1997-01-01

We investigated the phenological and physiological susceptibility of the endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Bt), a product widely used for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) suppression in Michigan and other infested states. We...

A technique for marking first-stage larvae of the gypsy moth for dispersal studies

Treesearch

Thomas M. Odell; Ian H. von Lindern

1976-01-01

Zinc cadmium sulfide fluorescent particles can be used to mark first stage larvae of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.), without effecting changes in their development and behavior. Marked larvae dispersed readily; so the technique could be used to correlate dispersed larvae with any particular source point.

Pathways of nucleopolyhedrosis virus infection in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Treesearch

K. S. Shields

1985-01-01

Gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus polyhedral inclusion bodies dissolve slowly in host digestive fluids, in vitro. Infectious viral material is in the hemocoel two hours after ingestion of inclusion bodies. Hemocytes produce and release nucleocapsids throughout the course of infection, but in the fat body, nearly all nucleocapsids are enveloped and...

Regression estimators for late-instar gypsy moth larvae at low pupulation densities

Treesearch

W.E. Wallnr; A.S. Devito; Stanley J. Zarnoch

1989-01-01

Two regression estimators were developed for determining densities of late-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), larvae from burlap band and pyrethrin spray counts on oak trees in Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York. Studies were conducted by marking larvae on individual burlap banded trees within 15...

Symposium on formulation and application of microbials for spruce budworm and gypsy moth control

Treesearch

J. A. Armstrong; W. G. Yendol

1985-01-01

This panel of experts from Canada and the United States has been brought together to discuss control techniques and strategies employed against these important defoliators - the spruce budworm and the gypsy moth. In selecting the panel we have chosen people with experience ranging from research to control.

Survival of diverse bacillus thuringiensis strains in gypsy moth (Lepidotera: Lymantriidae) is correlated with urease production

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium that can kill a variety of pest insects, but seldom causes epizootics because it replicates poorly in insects. By attempting to repeatedly pass lepidopteran-active B. thuringiensis strains through gypsy moth larvae, we found that only those str...

Classification, genetic variation and pathogenicity of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates from Asia, Europe, and North America

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) has been formulated and applied to control outbreaks of the gypsy moth, L. dispar. To classify and determine the degree of genetic variation among isolates of L. dispar NPVs from different parts of the range of the gypsy moth, partial sequence...

Nontarget impact of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki in central Appalachian mixed broadleaf-pine forests: long-term evaluation of arthropods

Treesearch

John S. Strazanac; George E. Seidel; Vicki Kondo; Cynthia J. Fritzler; Linda Butler

2007-01-01

Current measures for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) control emphasize the use of pheromones, growth regulators, and biopesticides. One of the biopesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk), will continue to be necessary for immediate control of gypsy moth and other forest lepidopteran outbreaks. Although...

Storage of resting spores of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga

Treesearch

Ann E. Hajek; Micheal M. Wheeler; Callie C. Eastburn; Leah S. Bauer

2001-01-01

The fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga causes epizootics in populations of the important North American forest defoliator gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). Increasing use of thisfungus for biological control is dependent on our ability to produce and manipulate the long-lived overwintering resting spores (azygospores). E. maimaiga resting spores undergo obligate...

Anthropogenic drivers of gypsy moth spread

Treesearch

Kevin M. Bigsby; Patrick C. Tobin; Erin O. Sills

2011-01-01

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), is a polyphagous defoliator introduced to Medford, Massachusetts in 1869. It has spread to over 860,000 km2 in North America, but this still only represents 1/4 of its susceptible host range in the United States. To delay defoliation in the remaining susceptible host range, the government...

Interactions between an injected polydnavirus and per os baculovirus in gypsy moth larvae

Treesearch

V. D' Amico; J.D. Podgwaite; R. Zerillo; P. Taylor; R. Fuester

2013-01-01

Larval gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) were co-infected with the L. dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) and the Cotesia melanoscela (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) polydnavirus (CmeBV). CmeBV was given along with a parasitoid egg and calyx products in a stinging event, or in the form of an...

Gypsy Moth (Pest Alert)

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service Northern Area State & Private Forestry and Region 8; Region 8

1995-01-01

The gypsy moth has been a primary defoliator of hardwoods in the Northeastern United States since its introduction in 1869. Although Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and New England are generally infested, isolated infestations have been noted in some North Central, Southern, and Western Seacoast States and are now subject to eradication by the USDA Animal and Plant...

The effects of thinning and gypsy moth defoliation on wood volume growth in oaks

Treesearch

Mary Ann Fajvan; Jim Rentch; Kurt Gottschalk

2008-01-01

Stem dissection and dendroecological methods were used to examine the effects of thinning and defoliation by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) on wood volume increment in oaks (Quercus rubra L., Q. alba L., Q. prinus L.). A model was developed to evaluate radial volume increment growth at three...

Use of molecular probes to detect parasites and retrotransposons in gypsy moths

Treesearch

John H. Werren; Thomas O' Dell

1991-01-01

Retrotransposon screen: Gypsy moth families containing straggling and nonstraggling individuals were divided into categories of straggling, medium, and nonstraggling individuals, from which DNA was extracted. Four families were tested by southern hybridization and probing with ribosomal sequences designed to detect R1 and R2 retrotransposon insertions. Results showed...

Biological efficacy of Gypchek against a low-density leading-edge gypsy moth population

Treesearch

R.E. Webb; G.B. White; T. Sukontarak; J.D. Podgwaite; D. Schumacher; R.C. Reardon

2004-01-01

The USDA's Slow-the-Spread (STS) program seeks to retard the continued spread of the gypsy moth using ecologically desirable treatments such as Gypchek. At "trace" population levels, evaluation of treatment success by defoliation reduction, egg mass reduction, burlap counts, or larval collection is not feasible. We adapted the "bugs-in-bags"...

Interpretation of gypsy moth frontal advance using meteorology in a conditional algorithm

Treesearch

K.L. Frank; P.C. Tobin; Jr. Thistle; Laurence S. Kalkstein

2013-01-01

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is a nonnative species that continues to invade areas in North America. It spreads generally through stratified dispersal where local growth and diffusive spread are coupled with long-distance jumps ahead of the leading edge. Long distance jumps due to anthropogenic movement of life stages is a well-documented...

Double strand RNA-mediated RNA interference through feeding in larval gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

RNA interference (RNAi) has gained popularity in several fields of research, silencing targeted genes by degradation of RNA. The objective of this study was to develop RNAi for use as a molecular tool in the control of the invasive pest Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), gypsy moth, which ha...

A monitoring system for gypsy moth management

Treesearch

F. William Ravlin; S. J. Fleischer; M. R. Carter; E. A. Roberts; M. L. McManus

1991-01-01

Within the last ten years considerable research has been directed toward the development of a gypsy moth monitoring system for project planning at a regional level and for making control decisions at a local level. Pheromones and pheromone-baited traps have been developed and widely used and several egg mass sampling techniques have also been developed. Recently these...

The cost of gypsy moth sex in the city

Treesearch

Kevin M. Bigsby; Mark J. Ambrose; Patrick C. Tobin; Erin O. Sills

2014-01-01

Since its introduction in the 1860s, gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), has periodically defoliated large swaths of forest in the eastern United States. Prior research has suggested that the greatest costs and losses from these outbreaks accrue in residential areas, but these impacts have not been well quantified. We addressed this lacuna with a case...

"Slow the spread" a national program to contain the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Alexei A. Sharov; Donna Leonard; Andrew M. Liebhold; E. Anderson Roberts; Willard Dickerson; Willard Dickerson

2002-01-01

Invasions by alien species can cause substantial damage to our forest resources. The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) represents one example of this problem, and we present here a new strategy for its management that concentrates on containment rather than suppression of outbreaks. The "Slow the Spread" project is a combined federal and state...

Tree mortality following defoliation by the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in the United States: a review

Treesearch

Christopher B. Davidson; Kurt W. Gottschalk; James E. Johnson

1999-01-01

This review presents information related to defoliation by the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and subsequent tree mortality in the eastern United States. The literature describing defoliation-induced tree mortality is extensive, yet questions still remain concerning (1) the association between initial stand composition and subsequent tree...

Short-term effects of gypsy moth defoliation on nongame birds

Treesearch

Robert C. Whitmore; Richard D. Greer

1991-01-01

The response of a nongame bird community to tree defoliation and mortality caused by gypsy moths was studied during the summers of 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1988 in deciduous forest habitat of eastern West Virginia. Birds and structural vegetation characteristics were sampled on 42 permanent stations. The 1984 and 1985 stations were considered undefoliated because whole...

A multiple regression model for parasitization of gypsy moths by the introduced larval parasite Cotesia melanoscelus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Treesearch

Roger W. Fuester

1991-01-01

Cotesia melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) is a bivoltine, solitary, endoparasite of larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). Imported from Europe after the turn of the century, it readily became established and now occurs throughout the generally infested area. Rates of parasitization are highly variable, particularly during the...

Summary of experimental releases of exotic microsporidia: conclusions and recommendations

Treesearch

J. V. Maddox; M. R. Jeffords; M. L. McManus; R. E. Webb

1991-01-01

During a 1985 European expedition, 5 species of microsporidia were obtained from gypsy moth collected in Portugal Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria. From 1986-1989, we released all 5 species of these microsporidia into gypsy moth populations in isolated woodlots in Maryland. This presentation is a summary of the conclusions and recommendations based on the results of our...

Pupal abnormalities among laboratory-reared gypsy moths

Treesearch

Richard W. Hansen

1991-01-01

Gypsy moth cohorts from 10 near-wild strains (one to six previous generations in culture), six wild strains (field-collected egg masses), and the standard "New Jersey" lab strain (34th and 35th generation in culture) were reared on Otis wheat germ-based artificial diet, in a constant environment. Rearings were begun with newly-hatched first instars; pupae...

Epizootiology of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Treesearch

Joseph S. Elkinton; John P. Burand; Kathleen D. Murray; Stephen A. Woods

1991-01-01

Recent experimental findings demonstrate that two distinct waves of mortality of gypsy moth larvae from nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) occurs during larval development. The evidence suggests that early instars acquire lethal doses of NPV from the surface of the egg mass and the cadavers of these larvae produce inoculum that causes a second wave of mortality among...

Effects of gypsy moth infestation on aesthetic preferences and behavior intentions

Treesearch

Samuel M. Brock; Steve Hollenhorst; Wayne Freimund

1991-01-01

Using the Scenic Beauty Estimator (SBE) approach, within-stand color photographs were taken of 27 forested sites representative of the Central Appalachian Plateau. These sites had been repeatedly infested by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) (GM) to varying degrees since 1985, with resulting tree mortality from 6% - 97%. Eighty-one slides (3 slides/site...

Rating forest stands for gypsy moth defoliation

Treesearch

Owen W. Herrick; David A. Gansner; David A. Gansner

1986-01-01

The severity of future defoliation can be estimated from the percentages of basal area in oaks (Quercus), black oak (Q. velutina) and chestnut oak (a prinus), and in trees with good crowns, along with the average diameter of the stand. With information on these variables, the defoliation potential of any hardwood forest stand in an approaching gypsy moth (Lymantria...

Environmental persistence of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L

Treesearch

J.D. Podgwaite; Kathleen Stone Shields; R.T. Zerillo; R.B. Bruen

1979-01-01

A bioassay technique was used to estimate the concentrations of infectious gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) that occur naturaIly in leaf, bark, litter, and soil samples taken from woodland plots in Connecticut and Pennsylvania. These concentrations were then compared to those in samples taken sequentially after treatment of these plots with NPV. Results...

Overall aspects of Bt in forest service cooperative gypsy moth suppression projects

Treesearch

Noel F. Schneeberger

1985-01-01

Improvements in Bt performance and cost, coupled with public concerns over human health risks have elevated Bt to a viable alternative to chemical insecticides. Operational use of Bt in recent years has demonstrated that while foliage protection can generally be achieved in most situations, gypsy moth population reduction cannot. Efforts are needed to improve Bt...

Commercial production of microbials by Reuter Laboratories, inc., for control of the gypsy moth and the spruce budworm

Treesearch

F. D. Obenchain

1985-01-01

Reuter Laboratories announces additions to its line of microbial insecticides with the 1984-85 introduction of a Bacillus thuringiensis, Berliner, variety Kurstaki (HD-1, H-3A3B) wettable powder formulation. Gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus, in experimental production since 1982, is scheduled for commercial introduction as a...

Predicting the female flight capability of gypsy moths by using DNA markers

Treesearch

Melody A. Keena; Marie-José Côté; Phyllis S. Grinberg; William E. Wallner

2011-01-01

Gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) from different geographic origins have different biological and behavioral traits that can affect the risk of establishment and spread in new areas. One behavioral trait of major concern is the capacity of females from some geographic origins to fly, thus increasing the potential rate of spread and making detection...

Proceedings, forest defoliator—host interactions: A comparison between gypsy moth and spruce budworms

Treesearch

Robert L. Talerico; Michael Montgomery

1983-01-01

The Canada/U.S. Spruce Budworms Program in cooperation with the Center for Biological Control of Northeastern Forest Insects and Diseases of the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station co-sponsored this Forest Defoliator-Host Interaction Workshop.This invitational workshop was limited to investigators of the spruce bud worms and gypsy moth in the Forest Service,...

Identification of a non-LTR retrotransposon from the gypsy moth

Treesearch

K.J. Garner; J.M. Slavicek

1999-01-01

A family of highly repetitive elements, named LDT1, has been identified in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. The complete element is 5.4 kb in length and lacks long-terminal repeats, The element contains two open reading frames with a significant amino acid sequence similarity to several non-LTR retrotransposons. The first open reading frame contains...

Predictability of gypsy moth defoliation in central hardwoods: a validation study

Treesearch

David E. Fosbroke; Ray R., Jr. Hicks

1993-01-01

A model for predicting gypsy moth defoliation in central hardwood forests based on stand characteristics was evaluated following a 5-year outbreak in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Study area stand characteristics were similar to those of the areas used to develop the model. Comparisons are made between model predictive capability in two physiographic provinces. The tested...

A field release of genetically engineered gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (LdNPV)

Treesearch

Vincent D' Amico; Joseph S. Elkinton; John D. Podgwaite; James M. Slavicek; Michael L. McManus; John P. Burand

1999-01-01

The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus was genetically engineered for nonpersistence by removal of the gene coding for polyhedrin production and stabilized using a coocclusion process. A β-galactosidase marker gene was inserted into the genetically engineered virus (LdGEV) so that infected larvae could be tested for...

Estimating the Benefits of Gypsy Moth Control on Timberland

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; Owen W. Herrick; Owen W. Herrick

1987-01-01

A recent study of forest stand losses to gypsy moth has provided basic information for evaluating the benefits of control on new frontiers of infestation. Protecting highly susceptible trees from impending attack can prevent a potential loss of 15 percent in their timber value and 2.8 percent in their compound rate of value growth.

Using thinning as a management tool for gypsy moth: the influence on small mammal abundance

Treesearch

R.M. Muzika; S.T. Grushecky; A.M. Liebhold; R.L. Smith

2004-01-01

Silvicultural manipulations may be used to reduce forest susceptibility or vulnerability to defoliation by the gypsy moth. The effects of this management strategy on small mammal abundance were determined by pitfall trapping small mammals 1 year before silvicultural thinnings and for 3 years following thinning in a deciduous montane forest. Sorex cinereus...

European gypsy moth (lymantria dispar L.) outbreaks: a review of the literature

Treesearch

Christopher B. Davidson; Kurt W. Gottschalk; James E. Johnson

2001-01-01

The literature on tree mortality following outbreaks of European gypsy moth was reviewed. The trends in defoliation and mortality and the influence of defoliation on mortality of individual trees and forest stands have been summarized via a regional perspective. The literature showed that: certain tree species are defoliated at higher rates than other species, and...

Dispersal of forest insects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcmanus, M. L.

1979-01-01

Dispersal flights of selected species of forest insects which are associated with periodic outbreaks of pests that occur over large contiguous forested areas are discussed. Gypsy moths, spruce budworms, and forest tent caterpillars were studied for their massive migrations in forested areas. Results indicate that large dispersals into forested areas are due to the females, except in the case of the gypsy moth.

Classification, genetic variation and pathogenicity of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates from Asia, Europe, and North America

Treesearch

Robert L. Harrison; Melody A. Keena; Daniel L. Rowley

2014-01-01

Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) has been formulated and applied to control outbreaks of the gypsy moth, L. dispar. To classify and determine the degree of genetic variation among isolates of L. dispar NPVs from different parts of the range of the gypsy moth, partial sequences of the

N-glycan structures of human transferrin produced by Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth)cells using the LdMNPV expression system

Treesearch

One Choi; Noboru Tomiya; Jung H. Kim; James M. Slavicek; Michael J. Betenbaugh; Yuan C. Lee

2003-01-01

N-glycan structures of recombinant human serum transferrin (hTf) expressed by Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) 652Y cells were determined. The gene encoding hTf was incorporated into a Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. This virus was then...

Gypsy Moth Defoliation Potential in the Ouachita/Ozark Highlands Region

Treesearch

Andrew M. Liebhold; Kurt W. Gottschalk; James M. Guldin; Rose-Marie Muzika

2004-01-01

Abstract - The gypsy moth is expanding its range in North America and is likely to invade the Ouachita/ Ozark Highlands region sometime during this century. A previous analysis indicated that forests in this area are among the most susceptible in North America to defoliation by this insect. We used USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis...

Geographical variation in the periodicity of gypsy moth outbreaks

Treesearch

Derek M. Johnson; Andrew M. Liebhold; Ottar N. Bj& #248rnstad

2006-01-01

The existence of periodic oscillations in populations of forest Lepidoptera is well known. While information exists on how the periods of oscillations vary among different species, there is little prior evidence of variation in periodicity within the range of a single Lepidopteran species. The exotic gypsy moth is an introduced foliage-feeding insect in North America....

Within-population variation in response of red oak seedlings to herbivory by gypsy moth larvae

Treesearch

T. Scott Byington; Kurt W. Gottschalk; James B. McGraw

1994-01-01

The potential for an evolutionary response to gypsy moth (Lymantna dispar L.) herbivory was investigated in red oak (Quercus rubra L.), a preferred host. Seedlings of nine open-pollinated families were grown in a greenhouse and experimentally defoliated by fourth instar larvae in the summer of 1991 to assay for intraspecific...

Defoliation and mortality patterns in forests silviculturally managed for gypsy moth

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk; Rose-Marie Muzika

1995-01-01

Mixed hardwood forests of the Appalachian region support one of the most diverse communities of woody plants in North America, but the composition and relative dominance of the forest changes substantially with slight changes in physiography, soil type, or microclimate. Composition of oak and other species highly preferred by the gypsy moth determines the...

Quantifying horizontal transmission of Nosema lymantriae, a microsporidian pathogen of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae) in field cage studies

Treesearch

Gernot Hoch; Vincent D' Amico; Leellen F. Solter; Milan Zubrik; Michael L. McManus

2008-01-01

Nosema lymantriae is a microsporidian pathogen of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar that has been documented to be at least partially responsible for the collapse of L. dispar outbreak populations in Europe. To quantify horizontal transmission of this pathogen under field conditions we performed caged-tree...

Host specificity of microsporidia pathogenic to the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.): Field studies in Slovakia

Treesearch

Leellen F. Solter; Daniela K. Pilarska; Michael L. McManus; Milan Zubrik; Jan Patocka; Wei-Fone Huang; Julius Novotny

2010-01-01

Several species of microsporidia are important chronic pathogens of Lymantria dispar in Europe but have never been recovered from North American gypsy moth populations. The major issue for their introduction into North American L. dispar populations is concern about their safety to native non-target insects. In this study, we...

Effects of elevated CO2 leaf diet on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) respiration rates

Treesearch

Anita R. Foss; William J. Mattson; Terry M. Trier

2013-01-01

Elevated levels of CO2 affect plant growth and leaf chemistry, which in turn can alter host plant suitability for insect herbivores. We examined the suitability of foliage from trees grown from seedlings since 1997 at Aspen FACE as diet for the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae: paper birch (...

Comparative studies on the influence of Bulgarian Nosema isolates on the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L.

Treesearch

Doerte Goertz; Daniela Pilarska; Andreas Linde

2003-01-01

During an outbreak in 1995 to 1997, two microsporidian isolates were recovered from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.; GM) populations in the vicinities of Veslec and Levishte in northern Bulgaria. Preliminary studies have confirmed that both isolates are morphologically very similiar and belong to the genus Nosema. In this...

Evaluation of Aerially-Applied Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus for Suppression of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar L.

Treesearch

J.D. Wollam; W.G. Yendol; F.B. Lewis

1978-01-01

Single and double applications of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Lymantria dispar L. were evaluated for suppression of a gypsy moth infestation in Pennsylvania. The virus material, purified by isopynic centrifugation, was applied by air at the rate of 2.47 x 1012 polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectare. Two formulations of...

The treatment implementation advisor: a component of the GypsES project

Treesearch

Michael C. Saunders; Michael A. Foster

1991-01-01

The treatment implementation advisor is one of the knowledge based advisory modules of GypsES, a knowledge system environment for decision support in gypsy moth management. Its function is to provide detailed advice on intervention tactics for gypsy moth: e.g. aerial and ground application of insecticides and microbials, inundative or augmentative releases of...

A new species of Proteus isolated from larvae of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.)

Treesearch

B.J. Cosenza; J.D. Podgwaite

1966-01-01

Characteristics of a slime-producing bacterium isolated from living and dead gypsy moth larvae were determined. The bacterium was found to be a motile, gram-negative rod, which fermented glucose, but not lactose. It was oxidase-negative, hydrolyzed urea, deaminated phenylalanine and produced H2S. These characteristics are common to several...

Forest defoliators and climatic change: potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and gypsy moth (Lepidoptera Lymantriidae)

Treesearch

David W. ​Williams; Andrew M. Liebhold

1995-01-01

Changes in geographical ranges and spatial extent of outbreaks of pest species are likely consequences of climatic change. We investigated potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), in Oregon and Pennsylvania,...

Effects of gypsy moth infestation on near-view aesthetic preferences and recreation behavior intentions

Treesearch

S.J. Hollenhorst; S.M. Brock; W.A. Freimund; M.J. Twery

1991-01-01

Using the Scenic Beauty Estimator (SBE) approach, near-view color photographs were taken of 25 forested sites exhibiting gypsy moth induced tree mortality from 6% - 97%. A quadratic function of tree mortality by preference rating best described the variability in ratings ( R2 = .60). The effect of flowering mountain laurel flowers was also...

Impact of enhancin genes on potency of LdNPV in gypsy moth

Treesearch

Kelli Hoover; Jim McNeil; Alyssa Gendron; James. Slavicek

2011-01-01

Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV) contains two enhancin genes (E1 and E2) encoding proteases that degrade key peritrophic matrix (PM) proteins, thereby promoting infection and mortality by the virus. In a previous study, gypsy moth larvae inoculated with LdNPV in which both E1 and E2 were deleted (double deletion virus) resulted in a non-...

Development of insect viruses as pesticides: The case of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in North America

Treesearch

J.D. Podgwaite; H.M. Mazzone

1981-01-01

Biological control, one component of integrated pest management, encompasses the use of several types of biological agents to control insect pest populations. Of these biological control agents, the insect viruses appear to offer one logical alternative to the chemical insecticides. One such virus, the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, Lymantria...

Potential defoliation of trees by outbreak populations of gypsy moth in the Chicago area

Treesearch

David W. Onstad; David J. Nowak; Michael R. Jeffords

1997-01-01

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, will soon become established in much of the Midwest. If an outbreak with extremely high population levels of this serious defoliator is allowed to occur in the Chicago area, what kind of damage can be expected? A model for defoliation, refoliation and mortality was developed based on the number of trees and...

Gypsy moth egg-mass density and subsequent defoliation

Treesearch

Robert W. Campbell

1966-01-01

The relationship between insect density and subsequent defoliation is usually important among the many factors involved in deciding if, when, and where to take control action against a defoliator such as the gypsy moth. Unfortunately, the proportion of the foliage that will be removed by a defoliator in any given place and year depends not only upon the number of...

Differences in wing morphometrics of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) between populations that vary in female flight capability

Treesearch

Juan Shi; Fang Chen; Melody A. Keena

2015-01-01

All male gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., are capable of strong directed flight, but flight in females varies, increasing from west to east geographically across Eurasia. To better understand how the wings differ between female flight capable and flightless strains, a wing morphometric analysis of 821 gypsy moths from eight geographic strains (three...

Isolation and characterization of juvenile hormone esterase from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)

Treesearch

Algimantas P. Valaitis; Joan Jolliff

1991-01-01

Insect metamorphosis is under precise hormonal control. During the last larval stadium, the degradation of juvenile hormone by juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) is essential for the initiation of pupation. Therefore, we have targeted this system for disruption with a strategy to produce a recombinant gypsy moth virus which expresses JHE. In order to clone and insert the...

Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) control with ground-based hydraulic applications of Gypchek, in vitro-produced virus, and Bacillus thuringiensis

Treesearch

Kevin W. Thorpe; John D. Podgwaite; James M. Slavicek; Ralph E. Webb

1998-01-01

Gypchek, a registered microbial insecticide for aerial and ground-based application against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., was field-tested in 1996 and 1997 at 2 doses (1011 and 1012 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per 379 liters (100 gallons) ) and with and without a sunscreen. An in vitro-...

Response of birds to aerial application of nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Treesearch

R.A. Lautenschlager; J.D. Podgwaite

1979-01-01

Resident populations of wild birds and caged quail, Colinus virginianus L., were evaluated to detect short-term effects from aerial applications of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the gypsy moth. NPV in 2 formulations was sprayed on woodland plots in central Pennsylvania. Comparisons of prespray and postspray censuses of the common birds on the...

The West Virginia university forest hazard rating study: the hazards of hazard rating

Treesearch

Ray R., Jr. Hicks; David E. Fosbroke; Shrivenkar Kosuri; Charles B. Yuill

1991-01-01

The West Virginia University (WVU) Forest is a 7,600-acre tract located along the leading edge of gypsy moth infestation. The hazard rating study at the WVU Forest serves three objectives. First, hazard rating is being used to determine the extent and distribution of damage that can be expected when gypsy moth defoliation occurs. Second, susceptibility and...

Site Productivity and Tree Mortality on New Frontiers of Gypsy Moth Infestation

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; David A. Gansner

1987-01-01

Recent analysis of forest stand losses to gypsy moth has provided basic information for analyzing the relationship between forest site productivity and tree mortality on new frontiers of infestation. Poor timber-growing sites had the lowest rates of mortality. Oak mortality (number of trees) amounted to 18 percent on poor sites compared with 26 percent on medium and 28...

Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Pest Alert)

Treesearch

Robert Rabaglia; Daniel Twardus

1990-01-01

The eastern tent caterpillar is often mistaken for the gypsy moth. Though they are similar in appearance, they differ in habits. The fully grown eastern tent caterpillar is about 2 inches long, black with a white stripe along the middle of the back and a row of pale blue oval spots on each side. It is sparsely covered with fine light brown hairs. The gypsy moth...

The gypsy moth in the central hardwoods: research and management needs

Treesearch

Robert Lawrence; Susan Burks; Dennis Haugen; Marc Linit

1997-01-01

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), is the most serious insect defoliator of trees in the Eastern United States. It is currently established in the area northeast of a line from Michigan to Virginia, and occupies most of the Adirondack and Laurentian Mixed Forest Provinces dominated by northern hardwood, spruce and fir forests. The range of the...

Geographic isolates of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus: Genome sequence analysis and pathogenicity against European and Asian gypsy moth strains

Treesearch

Harrison Robert L.; Daniel L. Rowley; Melody A. Keena

2016-01-01

Isolates of the baculovirus species Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus have been formulated and applied to suppress outbreaks of the gypsy moth, L. dispar. To evaluate the genetic diversity in this species at the genomic level, the genomes of three isolates from Massachusetts, USA (LdMNPV-Aba624), Spain (LdMNPV-3054...

Russian and Ukrainian literature on the gypsy moth: an annotated bibliography

Treesearch

Yuri N Baranchikov; Galina N. Nikitenko; Michael E. Montgomery

1998-01-01

This bibliography contains 1185 references to literature on the gypsy moth published from 1837 to 1991 in the territory occupied by the former U.S.S.R. The bibliography is designed to assist researchers within and outside the former U.S.S.R. to identify, locate, and correctly cite the original Russian or Ukrainian references in English. The bibliography contains...

DEPENDENCE OF ECDYSTEROID METABOLISM AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOST LARVAE ON THE TIME OF BACULOVIRUS INFECTION AND THE ACTIVITY OF THE UDP-GLUCOSYL TRANSFERASE GENE.

EPA Science Inventory

Infection of fourth-instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae with the wild-type (Wt) gypsy moth baculovirus, LdNPV on the first day post-molt, or infection of fifth instars on the fifth day post-molt, results in elevated ecdysteroid levels in both he...

Natural occurrence of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar [Lep. : Lymantriidae] in wild birds and mammals

Treesearch

R.A. Lautenschlager; J.D. Podgwaite; D.E. Watson

1980-01-01

Three species of birds and 5 species of mammals were captured in the wild from 2 plots in which mortality from naturally occurring nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) among gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae was 15 % and 70 %. Bioassays of intestinal contents showed that blue jays, Cyanocitta cristata (L.), towhees, ...

The role of behavior in the dispersal of newly hatched gypsy moth larvae

Treesearch

Michael L. Mcmanus; Michael L. Mcmanus

1973-01-01

Newly hatched gypsy moth larvae are morphologically and behaviorally adapted for airborne dispersal. The diel periodicity of both hatching and dispersal from the egg mass and photopositive behavior assure that larvae are in optimal position for dispersal when air turbulence is maximal at midday. The rate of larval activity depends upon ambient temperature and relative...

Localization of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxin-binding molecules in gypsy moth larval gut sections using fluorescence microscopy

Treesearch

Algimantas P. Valaitis

2011-01-01

The microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces Cry toxins, proteins that bind to the brush border membranes of gut epithelial cells of insects that ingest it, disrupting the integrity of the membranes, and leading to cell lysis and insect death. In gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, two toxin-binding molecules for the...

Biomass and Nitrogen Budgets During Larval Development of Lymantria dispar and Choristoneura fumiferana: Allometric Relationships

Treesearch

Michael E. Montgomery

1983-01-01

Spruce budworm larvae grew faster than gypsy moth larvae both in a temporal and relative sense. The budworm larvae had a higher relative growth rate (RGR), biomass conversion efficiency (EGI), and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NOE) than the gypsy moth larvae. As both species matured, relative growth rates, rates of consumption, and conversion efficiencies declined....

Economic analysis of the gypsy moth problem in the northeast: I. applied to commercial forest stands

Treesearch

Roger E. McCay; William B. White

1973-01-01

A method of calculating immediate and future losses caused by the gypsy moth is presented, using examples of pulpwood and sawtimber stands. Discounting of future losses to evaluate their cost in terms of current expenditure is explained. The effect of infestation on forest management is discussed and a format is given for considering control decisions.

Enhancement of biological control agents for use against forest insect pests and diseases through biotechnology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slavicek, James M.

1991-01-01

Research and development efforts in our research group are focused on the generation of more efficacious biological control agents through the techniques of biotechnology for use against forest insect pests and diseases. Effective biological controls for the gypsy moth and for tree fungal wilt pathogens are under development. The successful use of Gypchek, a formulation of the Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV), in gypsy moth control programs has generated considerable interest in that agent. As a consequence of its specificity, LdPNV has negligible adverse ecological impacts compared to most gypsy moth control agents. However, LdNPV is not competitive with other control agents in terms of cost and efficacy. We are investigating several parameters of LdNPV replication and polyhedra production in order to enhance viral potency and efficacy thus mitigating the current disadvantages of LdNPV for gypsy moth control, and have identified LdNPV variants that will facilitate these efforts. Tree endophytic bacteria that synthesize antifungal compounds were identified and an antibiotic compound from one of these bacteria was characterized. The feasibility of developing tree endophytes as biological control agents for tree vascular fungal pathogens is being investigated.

Weight differences of male and female pupae of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and host-sex preference by two parasitoid species Lymantrichneumon disparis and Exorista larvarum.

PubMed

Babaei, Mohammad-Reza; Barari, H; Kara, K

2009-03-01

Weight differences of male and female pupae of gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)] and its two parasitoids Lymantrichneumon disparis (Poda) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Exorista larvarum (L.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) host preference were examined in this study. Lymantria dispar pupae were collected from trunks and branches of 20 Ironwood trees (Parotia persica) in two sampling dates, 10 July 2005 and 24 July 2005. The pest pupae were weighted and then saved at room temperature until adults of gypsy moth or its parasitoids emerged. The most L. dispar pupae collected in the first sampling were male whereas those in the second one were female and both male and female pupae in the second sampling were smaller than those in first sampling. The majority of male pupae (98.29%) were less than 0.6 g and most of female pupae (79.39%) were more than 0.6 g in weight. The most of L. disparis emerged from male pupae of L. dispar, whereas the majority of E. larvarum emerged from female pupae. Implications of the results for biological control strategy of gypsy moth are discussed.

Monitoring, and mapping gypsy moth data in AIPM: the process and problems of implementation

Treesearch

S. J. Fleischer; E. A. Roberts; F. W. Ravlin; R.C. Reardon

1991-01-01

The Appalachian IPM program (AIPM), due to its size (12.8 million acres), location along the leading edge, and use of new technology, will influence the development of gypsy moth management programs. This paper reviews the data collection, management and mapped display of the adult male and egg mass life stages in the AIPM project. Data are field-collected using...

Field evaluation of effect of temperature on release of Disparlure from a pheromone-baited trapping system used to monitor gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Treesearch

Patrick C. Tobin; Aijun Zhang; Ksenia Onufrieva; Donna Leonard

2011-01-01

Traps baited with disparlure, the synthetic form of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), sex pheromone are used to detect newly founded populations and estimate population density across the United States. The lures used in trapping devices are exposed to field conditions with varying climates, which can affect the rate...

Behavior of the gypsy moth life system model and development of synoptic model formulations

Treesearch

J. J. Colbert; Xu Rumei

1991-01-01

Aims of the research: The gypsy moth life system model (GMLSM) is a complex model which incorporates numerous components (both biotic and abiotic) and ecological processes. It is a detailed simulation model which has much biological reality. However, it has not yet been tested with life system data. For such complex models, evaluation and testing cannot be adequately...

Host Preferences of Gypsy Moth on a New Frontier of Infestation

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; Owen W. Herrick; Owen W. Herrick

1985-01-01

Knowing what gypsy moth likes to eat can aid forest managers in making cost-effective control decisions. A recent 5-year study of defoliation in central Pennsylvania gives an up-to-date index of host species preferences. Chestnut oak is the most preferred species. Following in relatively close order are the other oaks and aspen. Hardwood species that rank low on the...

Synchronous Crepuscular Flight of Female Asian Gypsy Moths: Relationships of Light Intensity and Ambient and Body Temperatures

Treesearch

Ralph E. Charlton; Ring T. Carde; William E. Wallner; William E. Wallner

1999-01-01

Female gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) of Asian heritage studied in central Siberia and Germany exhibit a highly synchronous flight at dusk, after light intensity falls to about 2 lux. This critical light intensity sets the timing of flight behaviors independent of ambient temperature. Flight follows several minutes of preflight wing fanning during which females in...

Modeling respiration from snags and coarse woody debris before and after an invasive gypsy moth disturbance

Treesearch

Heidi J. Renninger; Nicholas Carlo; Kenneth L. Clark; Karina V.R. Schäfer

2014-01-01

Although snags and coarse woody debris are a small component of ecosystem respiration, disturbances can significantly increase the mass and respiration from these carbon (C) pools. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure respiration rates of snags and coarse woody debris throughout the year in a forest previously defoliated by gypsy moths, (2) develop models...

Comparison of aerially-applied Gypchek strains against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in the presence of an Entomophaga maimaiga epizootic

Treesearch

R.E. Webb; G.B. White; J.D. Podgwaite; V. D' Amico; J. Slavicek; J. Swearingen; B. Onken; K.W. Thorpe

2005-01-01

The standard strain (LDP-226) of Gypchek®, a nucleopolyhedrovirus product registered by the USDA Forest Service against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was compared against a strain, LdMNPV-203NL (NL = nonliquefying), that was developed for production in cell culture. Both strains were applied by air to U.S. government property in...

Pathogenicity of two nucleopolyhedrovirus products, Virin NSh and Gypchek, for Asian and North American gypsy moth larvae

Treesearch

John Podgwaite; Viatcheslav Martemyanov; Stanislav Bakhvalov

2007-01-01

Periodic intrusions of Asian strains of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., into North America have occurred over the past several years. Preventative measures in the countries of origin and around ports of entry in North America have lowered the risk of invasion and establishment but the threat remains current. Asian strains have a wider host range...

Some negative aspects of using Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in operational programs against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Treesearch

John D. Kegg

1985-01-01

Operational programs to suppress gypsy moth populations in residential and recreational areas first began in New Jersey in May of 1980. Bacillus thuringiensis was used on approximately 17,000 acres applied at the dosage rate of 8 B.I.U.'s in one gallon of water per acre. Two treatments approximately one week apart were applied.

Predicting defoliation by the gypsy moth using egg mass counts and a helper variable

Treesearch

Michael E. Montgomery

1991-01-01

Traditionally, counts of egg masses have been used to predict defoliation by the gypsy moth. Regardless of the method and precision used to obtain the counts, estimates of egg mass density alone often do not provide satisfactory predictions of defoliation. Although defoliation levels greater than 50% are seldom observed if egg mass densities are less than 600 per...

Selection of new more potent strains of Bacillus thuringiensis for use against gypsy moth and spruce budworm

Treesearch

Normand R. Dubois

1985-01-01

The increased use of B. thuringiensis as an alternative to chemical insecticides has stimulated the search for more potent strains. Presently over 1100 strains have been isolated from worldwide sources. Some of these appear to be more effective than the commercially developed HD-1 strain against both the gypsy moth and spruce budworm. One strain in...

Sterile insect technique as a tool for increasing the efficacy of gypsy moth biocontrol

Treesearch

Julius Novotny; Milan Zubrik

2003-01-01

Characteristics such as the duration of the larval stage and attraction of larvae to oviposition by an endoparasitic wasp were evaluated between groups of irradiated and non irradiated gypsy moth larvae. Untreated larvae required a shorter time to reach the adult stage (both male and female). The mortality of larvae was highest at the highest irradiation dose. Pupae...

Identification of three randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction markers for distinguishing Asian and North American Gypsy Moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Treesearch

David E. Schreiber; Karen J. Garner; James M. Slavicek

1997-01-01

Gypsy moths originating in Asia have recently been introduced into North America, making it necessary to develop markers for distinguishing the Asian strain from the established North American population. We have identified 3 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction generated (RAPD-PCR) markers which are specific for either Asian or North American...

Hazard rating for gypsy moth on a Macintosh computer: a component of the GypsES system

Treesearch

Mark J. Twery; Gregory A. Elmes

1991-01-01

As gypsy moth expands into a new region, the threat of damage from its infestation is increasing greatly. The potential economic damage from the pest is extensive, considerably compounding the already substantial aesthetic damage and urban nuisance problems. One way to help forest managers deal with this threat is by providing them with a computer program which can...

Field test with helicopter applications of Gardona against gypsy moth in Pennsylvania

Treesearch

Jack H. Barger; Kenneth Helrich

1975-01-01

In 1972, Gardona® WP was field tested against the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.), in Pennsylvania. Treatments of 1 gal/acre were applied by helicopter on six 100-acre plots, three at 1 pound AI/gal and three at 1.5 pound Al/gal. Check subplots of 0.1-acre were established throughout the area. Before and after spraying, evaluations were...

Use of a secondary host by non-outbreak populations of the gypsy moth. [Pinus rigida; Quercus spp; Lymantria dispar

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rossiter, M.

1987-08-01

Oaks are the favored host of gypsy moths in the northeastern US, although the herbivore expands its host range dramatically during an outbreak. Pitch pine, a secondary host because of its unacceptability for early development, was found to be frequently used for oviposition in oak-pitch pine forests with non-outbreak populations. This observation led to the study of ecological and behavioral factors that can contribute to the use of a secondary host under low-density conditions by an irruptive herbivore species. A series of manipulative field and laboratory experiments plus a study of natural history provided data on the pattern of pitchmore » pine use during the life cycle of the gypsy moth, the effect of pitch pine on larval growth, and the differential impact of natural enemies depending on host use. It was found that: 1) egg masses occurred far more frequently on pitch pine than was expected based on the frequency of pitch pine in forests with low-density gypsy moth populations; 2) in the laboratory, early-instar larvae could not survive on pitch pine while late-instar larvae grew well; 3) in the field, larvae began to use pitch pine to feed and rest after the onset of the fourth instar. Compared to oak, 4) egg masses on pitch pine experienced less parasitism; 5) the microhabitat of pitch pine held less nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), a major mortality agent of the gypsy moth; 6) individuals hatching from eggs laid on pitch pine were less infected with NPV; and 7) larvae dosed with a known amount of NPV survived longer when feeding on pitch pine foliage. The use of pitch pine by individuals in low-density gypsy moth populations appeared to be beneficial and may have an important effect on population dynamics. The mobility associated with host switching by late-instar larvae and with dispersal by first-instar larvae oviposited on unacceptable food may represent an important mechanism for host-range extension.« less

Forest defoliators and climatic change: Potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, D.W.; Liebhold, A.M.

1995-02-01

Changes in geographical ranges and spatial extent of outbreaks of pest species are likely consequences of climatic change. We investigated potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), in Oregon and Pennsylvania, respectively using maps of historial defoliation, climate, and forest type in a geographic information system. Maps of defoliation frequency at a resolution of 2 x 2 km were assembled from historical aerial survey data. Weather maps for mean monthly temperature maxima and minima and precipitation over 30 yr were developed by interpolation. Relationships between defoliation statusmore » and environmental variables were estimated using linear discriminant analysis. Five climatic change scenarios were investigated: an increase of 2{degrees}C, a 2{degrees}C increase with a small increase and a small decrease in precipitation, and projections of two general circulation models (GCMs) after 100 yr at doubled carbon dioxide. With an increase in temperature alone, the projected defoliated area decreased relative to ambient conditions for budworm and increased slightly for gypsy moth. With an increase in temperature and precipitation, defoliated area increased for both species. Conversely, defoliated area decreased for both when temperature increased and precipitation decreased. Results for the GCM scenarios contrasted sharply. For one GCM, defoliation by budworm was projected to cover Oregon completely, whereas no defoliation was projected by gypsy moth in Pennsylvania. For the other, defoliation disappeared completely for budworm and slightly exceeded that under ambient conditions for gypsy moth. The results are discussed in terms of current forest composition and its potential changes. 36 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Potential of VIIRS Time Series Data for Aiding the USDA Forest Service Early Warning System for Forest Health Threats: A Gypsy Moth Defoliation Case Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spruce, Joseph P.; Ryan, Robert E.; Smoot, James; Kuper, Phillip; Prados, Donald; Russell, Jeffrey; Ross, Kenton; Gasser, Gerald; Sader, Steven; McKellip, Rodney

2007-01-01

This report details one of three experiments performed during FY 2007 for the NASA RPC (Rapid Prototyping Capability) at Stennis Space Center. This RPC experiment assesses the potential of VIIRS (Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data for detecting and monitoring forest defoliation from the non-native Eurasian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). The intent of the RPC experiment was to assess the degree to which VIIRS data can provide forest disturbance monitoring information as an input to a forest threat EWS (Early Warning System) as compared to the level of information that can be obtained from MODIS data. The USDA Forest Service (USFS) plans to use MODIS products for generating broad-scaled, regional monitoring products as input to an EWS for forest health threat assessment. NASA SSC is helping the USFS to evaluate and integrate currently available satellite remote sensing technologies and data products for the EWS, including the use of MODIS products for regional monitoring of forest disturbance. Gypsy moth defoliation of the mid-Appalachian highland region was selected as a case study. Gypsy moth is one of eight major forest insect threats listed in the Healthy Forest Restoration Act (HFRA) of 2003; the gypsy moth threatens eastern U.S. hardwood forests, which are also a concern highlighted in the HFRA of 2003. This region was selected for the project because extensive gypsy moth defoliation occurred there over multiple years during the MODIS operational period. This RPC experiment is relevant to several nationally important mapping applications, including agricultural efficiency, coastal management, ecological forecasting, disaster management, and carbon management. In this experiment, MODIS data and VIIRS data simulated from MODIS were assessed for their ability to contribute broad, regional geospatial information on gypsy moth defoliation. Landsat and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) data were used to assess the quality of gypsy moth defoliation mapping products derived from MODIS data and from simulated VIIRS data. The project focused on use of data from MODIS Terra as opposed to MODIS Aqua mainly because only MODIS Terra data was collected during 2000 and 2001-years with comparatively high amounts of gypsy moth defoliation within the study area. The project assessed the quality of VIIRS data simulation products. Hyperion data was employed to assess the quality of MODIS-based VIIRS simulation datasets using image correlation analysis techniques. The ART (Application Research Toolbox) software was used for data simulation. Correlation analysis between MODIS-simulated VIIRS data and Hyperion-simulated VIIRS data for red, NIR (near-infrared), and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) image data products collectively indicate that useful, effective VIIRS simulations can be produced using Hyperion and MODIS data sources. The r(exp 2) for red, NIR, and NDVI products were 0.56, 0.63, and 0.62, respectively, indicating a moderately high correlation between the 2 data sources. Temporal decorrelation from different data acquisition times and image misregistration may have lowered correlation results. The RPC experiment also generated MODIS-based time series data products using the TSPT (Time Series Product Tool) software. Time series of simulated VIIRS NDVI products were produced at approximately 400-meter resolution GSD (Ground Sampling Distance) at nadir for comparison to MODIS NDVI products at either 250- or 500-meter GSD. The project also computed MODIS (MOD02) NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index) products at 500-meter GSD for comparison to NDVI-based products. For each year during 2000-2006, MODIS and VIIRS (simulated from MOD02) time series were computed during the peak gypsy moth defoliation time frame in the study area (approximately June 10 through July 27). Gypsy moth defoliation mapping products from simated VIIRS and MOD02 time series were produced using multiple methods, including image classification and change detection via image differencing. The latter enabled an automated defoliation detection product computed using percent change in maximum NDVI for a peak defoliation period during 2001 compared to maximum NDVI across the entire 2000-2006 time frame. Final gypsy moth defoliation mapping products were assessed for accuracy using randomly sampled locations found on available geospatial reference data (Landsat and ASTER data in conjunction with defoliation map data from the USFS). Extensive gypsy moth defoliation patches were evident on screen displays of multitemporal color composites derived from MODIS data and from simulated VIIRS vegetation index data. Such defoliation was particularly evident for 2001, although widespread denuded forests were also seen for 2000 and 2003. These visualizations were validated using aforementioned reference data. Defoliation patches were visible on displays of MODIS-based NDVI and NDMI data. The viewing of apparent defoliation patches on all of these products necessitated adoption of a specialized temporal data processing method (e.g., maximum NDVI during the peak defoliation time frame). The frequency of cloud cover necessitated this approach. Multitemporal simulated VIIRS and MODIS Terra data both produced effective general classifications of defoliated forest versus other land cover. For 2001, the MOD02-simulated VIIRS 400-meter NDVI classification produced a similar yet slightly lower overall accuracy (87.28 percent with 0.72 Kappa) than the MOD02 250-meter NDVI classification (88.44 percent with 0.75 Kappa). The MOD13 250-meter NDVI classification had a lower overall accuracy (79.13 percent) and a much lower Kappa (0.46). The report discusses accuracy assessment results in much more detail, comparing overall classification and individual class accuracy statistics for simulated VIIRS 400-meter NDVI, MOD02 250-meter NDVI, MOD02-500 meter NDVI, MOD13 250-meter NDVI, and MOD02 500-meter NDMI classifications. Automated defoliation detection products from simulated VIIRS and MOD02 data for 2001 also yielded similar, relatively high overall classification accuracy (85.55 percent for the VIIRS 400-meter NDVI versus 87.28 percent for the MOD02 250-meter NDVI). In contrast, the USFS aerial sketch map of gypsy moth defoliation showed a lower overall classification accuracy at 73.64 percent. The overall classification Kappa values were also similar for the VIIRS (approximately 0.67 Kappa) versus the MOD02 (approximately 0.72 Kappa) automated defoliation detection product, which were much higher than the values exhibited by the USFS sketch map product (overall Kappa of approximately 0.47). The report provides additional details on the accuracy of automated gypsy moth defoliation detection products compared with USFS sketch maps. The results suggest that VIIRS data can be effectively simulated from MODIS data and that VIIRS data will produce gypsy moth defoliation mapping products that are similar to MODIS-based products. The results of the RPC experiment indicate that VIIRS and MODIS data products have good potential for integration into the forest threat EWS. The accuracy assessment was performed only for 2001 because of time constraints and a relative scarcity of cloud-free Landsat and ASTER data for the peak defoliation period of the other years in the 2000-2006 time series. Additional work should be performed to assess the accuracy of gypsy moth defoliation detection products for additional years.The study area (mid-Appalachian highlands) and application (gypsy moth forest defoliation) are not necessarily representative of all forested regions and of all forest threat disturbance agents. Additional work should be performed on other inland and coastal regions as well as for other major forest threats.

Assessing the potential of genotyping-by-sequencing-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify the geographic origins of intercepted gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) specimens: A proof-of-concept study

Treesearch

Sandrine Picq; Melody Keena; Nathan Havill; Don Stewart; Esther Pouliot; Brian Boyle; Roger C. Levesque; Richard C. Hamelin; Michel Cusson

2018-01-01

Forest invasive alien species are a major threat to ecosystem stability and can have enormous economic and social impacts. For this reason, preventing the introduction of Asian gypsy moths (AGM; Lymantria dispar asiatica and L. d. japonica) into North America has been identified as a top priority by North American authorities....

Hybridization and introgression of the two strains of Hokkaikdo gypsy moths as invasions by alien species

Treesearch

Yasutomo Higashiura; Michio Ishihara; Hirofumi Yamaguchi; Nanako Ono; Shin-ichi Tokishita; Hideo Yamagata; Takema Fukatsu

2007-01-01

Male-killing refers to the death of male embryos or larvae, and is well known in a variety of organisms, such as plants, mites, and insects (Hurst et al. 1997). We have found male-killing by about 10 percent females in a Bibai, Hokkaido, Japan, population of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., and have found maternal inheritance of the trait (...

A technique for sexing fully developed embryos and early-instar larvae of the gypsy moth

Treesearch

Gilbert Levesque

1963-01-01

Because variation in sex ratio is an important factor in the population dynamics of the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar), it is necessary to have some means of determining the ratio of males to females in a population at the beginning of the larval period as well as in the later stages. For determining the sex of fully developed embryos and early-...

Deletion of the Lymantria dispar multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyl transferase gene enhances viral killing speed in the last instar of the gypsy moth

Treesearch

James M. Slavicek; Holly J.R. Popham; C.I. Riegel

1999-01-01

The Lymantria dispar multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) is used on a limited basis as a gypsy moth (L. dispar) control agent. In an effort to improve the efficacy (i.e., killing speed) of the LdMNPV, we generated a recombinant viral strain (vEGT-) that does not produce the enzyme ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT). We...

Economic analysis of the gypsy moth problem in the northeast: II. applied to residential property

Treesearch

Brian R. Payne; William B. White; Roger E. McCay; Robert R. McNichols

1973-01-01

Guidelines are presented for determining dollar losses in residential property values from tree mortality caused by the gypsy moth. The method is based on an earlier study in Amherst, Massachusetts, of the contribution of trees to property values. For each target area, the method requires data on property value, lot size, and number of trees 6 inches dbh and larger for...

Isolation and partial characterization of gypsy moth BTR-270, an anionic brush border membrane glycoconjugate that binds Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins with high affinity

Treesearch

Algimantas P. Valaitis; Jeremy L. Jenkins; Mi Kyong Lee; Donald H. Dean; Karen J. Garner

2001-01-01

BTR-270, a gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) brush border membrane molecule that binds Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A toxins with high affinity, was purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. Rabbit antibodies specific for the Bt toxin-binding molecule were raised. Attempts to label BTR-270 by protein-directed techniques were...

Environmental Assessment for Aerial Application of Pesticide for Gypsy Moth Control, Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

spray alternatives, one ground-based spray alternative and one non- insecticide alternative were considered but eliminated from detailed study because...One application would not be effective in reducing gypsy moth populations and protecting host tree foliage. The ground-based insecticide ...present in the affected area, are not susceptible to these EPA-approved insecticides , as long as there applied according to the label. Dimilin

The role of phenotype structure in the population dynamics of gypsy moth in the Lower Dnieper region

Treesearch

Nikolaj M. Derevyanko

1991-01-01

One of the characteristic features of the gypsy moth population in the Lower Dnieper area is its variable larval coloring. Phenotype frequency has been recorded over the years in separate micropopulations at different density levels. The data show the population to consist mainly of gray larvae in all life stages, and their abundance varying from 85 to 99.6 percent....

Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) flight behavior and phenology based on field-deployed automated pheromone-baited traps

Treesearch

Patrick C. Tobin; Kenneth T. Klein; Donna S. Leonard

2009-01-01

Populations of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), are extensively monitored in the United States through the use of pheromone-baited traps.We report on use of automated pheromone-baited traps that use a recording sensor and data logger to record the unique date-time stamp of males as they enter the trap.We deployed a total of 352 automated traps...

Microorganisms associated with production lots of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lep.: Lymantriidae)

Treesearch

J.D. Podgwaite; R.B. Bruen; M. Shapiro

1983-01-01

Samples of a gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek®, were taken each day during a 100-day production run and monitored for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The standard plate count/g of product was 5.97 ± 1.51 x 108 over the 100-day period, while the sporulating bacteria count was 3.81 ± 1.21 x 106...

Disulfide connectivity and reduction in pheromone-binding proteins of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Honson, Nicolette S.; Plettner, Erika

2006-06-01

Males of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, are attracted by a pheromone released by females. Pheromones are detected by olfactory neurons housed in specialized sensory hairs located on the antennae of the male moth. Once pheromone molecules enter the sensilla lymph, a highly abundant pheromone-binding protein (PBP) transports the molecule to the sensory neuron. The PBPs are members of the insect odorant-binding protein family, with six conserved cysteine residues. In this study, the disulfide bond connectivities of the pheromone-binding proteins PBP1 and PBP2 from the gypsy moth were found to be cysteines 19-54, 50-109, and 97-118 for PBP1, and cysteines 19-54, 50-110, and 97-119 for PBP2, as determined by cyanylation reactions and cyanogen bromide chemical cleavage. We have discovered that the second disulfide linkage is the most easily reduced of the three, and this same linkage is missing among four cysteine-containing insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). We are the first to identify the unique steric and electronic properties of this second disulfide linkage.

Virulence and fitness of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in its host Lyrnantria dispar, for pathogen and host strains originating from Asia, Europe, and North America

Treesearch

Charlotte Nielsen; Melody Keena; Ann E. Hajek

2005-01-01

In this study, we tested (1) whether non-North American gypsy moth strains are susceptible to North American isolates of Entomophaga maimaiga and (2) the potential for erosion in the efficacy of E. maimaiga in controlling gypsy moth. We used bioassays to assess the variability in virulence (measured as time to death) as well as fitness of the pathogen (measured as...

Dose responses of in vivo- and in vitro-produced strains of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) applied with and without the virus enhancer Blankophor BBH

Treesearch

John D. Podgwaite; James M. Slavicek; Kevin W. Thorpe; Ralph E. Webb; Roger W. Fuester; Vincent D' Amico; Randel A. Peiffer; Michael A. Valenti

2013-01-01

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) product Gypchek is a microbial pesticide produced by the USDA Forest Service. Gypchek is a mixture of LdMNPV genotypes produced in vivo. Commercial interests prefer to develop a stable, high-potency genotype that can be produced at low cost, preferably in vitro. We sprayed 2 LdMNPV...

Predicted effects of gypsy moth defoliation and climate change on forest carbon dynamics in the New Jersey pine barrens.

PubMed

Kretchun, Alec M; Scheller, Robert M; Lucash, Melissa S; Clark, Kenneth L; Hom, John; Van Tuyl, Steve

2014-01-01

Disturbance regimes within temperate forests can significantly impact carbon cycling. Additionally, projected climate change in combination with multiple, interacting disturbance effects may disrupt the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks at large spatial and temporal scales. We used a spatially explicit forest succession and disturbance model, LANDIS-II, to model the effects of climate change, gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation, and wildfire on the C dynamics of the forests of the New Jersey Pine Barrens over the next century. Climate scenarios were simulated using current climate conditions (baseline), as well as a high emissions scenario (HadCM3 A2 emissions scenario). Our results suggest that long-term changes in C cycling will be driven more by climate change than by fire or gypsy moths over the next century. We also found that simulated disturbances will affect species composition more than tree growth or C sequestration rates at the landscape level. Projected changes in tree species biomass indicate a potential increase in oaks with climate change and gypsy moth defoliation over the course of the 100-year simulation, exacerbating current successional trends towards increased oak abundance. Our research suggests that defoliation under climate change may play a critical role in increasing the variability of tree growth rates and in determining landscape species composition over the next 100 years.

Predicted Effects of Gypsy Moth Defoliation and Climate Change on Forest Carbon Dynamics in the New Jersey Pine Barrens

PubMed Central

Kretchun, Alec M.; Scheller, Robert M.; Lucash, Melissa S.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Hom, John; Van Tuyl, Steve

2014-01-01

Disturbance regimes within temperate forests can significantly impact carbon cycling. Additionally, projected climate change in combination with multiple, interacting disturbance effects may disrupt the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks at large spatial and temporal scales. We used a spatially explicit forest succession and disturbance model, LANDIS-II, to model the effects of climate change, gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation, and wildfire on the C dynamics of the forests of the New Jersey Pine Barrens over the next century. Climate scenarios were simulated using current climate conditions (baseline), as well as a high emissions scenario (HadCM3 A2 emissions scenario). Our results suggest that long-term changes in C cycling will be driven more by climate change than by fire or gypsy moths over the next century. We also found that simulated disturbances will affect species composition more than tree growth or C sequestration rates at the landscape level. Projected changes in tree species biomass indicate a potential increase in oaks with climate change and gypsy moth defoliation over the course of the 100-year simulation, exacerbating current successional trends towards increased oak abundance. Our research suggests that defoliation under climate change may play a critical role in increasing the variability of tree growth rates and in determining landscape species composition over the next 100 years. PMID:25119162

Potential of VIIRS Time Series Data for Aiding the USDA Forest Service Early Warning System for Forest Health Threats: A Gypsy Moth Defoliation Case Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spruce, Joseph P.; Ryan, Robert E.; McKellip, Rodney

2008-01-01

The Healthy Forest Restoration Act of 2003 mandated that a national forest threat Early Warning System (EWS) be developed. The USFS (USDA Forest Service) is currently building this EWS. NASA is helping the USFS to integrate remotely sensed data into the EWS, including MODIS data for monitoring forest disturbance at broad regional scales. This RPC experiment assesses the potential of VIIRS (Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data for contribution to the EWS. In doing so, the RPC project employed multitemporal simulated VIIRS and MODIS data for detecting and monitoring forest defoliation from the non-native Eurasian gypsy moth (Lymantria despar). Gypsy moth is an invasive species threatening eastern U.S. hardwood forests. It is one of eight major forest insect threats listed in the Healthy Forest Restoration Act of 2003. This RPC experiment is relevant to several nationally important mapping applications, including carbon management, ecological forecasting, coastal management, and disaster management

76 FR 28948 - Notice of Request for Extension of Approval of an Information Collection; Importation of Gypsy...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-19

... articles are: Trees without roots (e.g., Christmas trees), trees with roots, shrubs with roots and... shippers of Christmas trees, shrubs, logs, pulpwood, and other articles from gypsy moth-infested provinces...

Interpretation of gypsy moth frontal advance using meteorology in a conditional algorithm.

PubMed

Frank, K L; Tobin, P C; Thistle, H W; Kalkstein, Laurence S

2013-05-01

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is a non-native species that continues to invade areas in North America. It spreads generally through stratified dispersal where local growth and diffusive spread are coupled with long-distance jumps ahead of the leading edge. Long-distance jumps due to anthropogenic movement of life stages is a well-documented spread mechanism. Another mechanism is the atmospheric transport of early instars and adult males, believed to occur over short distances. However, empirical gypsy moth population data continue to support the possibility of alternative methods of long-range dispersal. Such dispersal events seemed to have occurred in the mid- to late-1990s with spread across Lake Michigan to Wisconsin. Such dispersal would be against the prevailing wind flow for the area and would have crossed a significant physical barrier (Lake Michigan). The climatology of the region shows that vigorous cyclones can result in strong easterly winds in the area at the time when early instars are present. It is hypothesized that these storms would enable individuals to be blown across the Lake and explain the appearance of new population centers observed at several locations on the western shore of Lake Michigan nearly simultaneously. A synoptic climatology model coupled with population dynamics data from the area was parameterized to show an association between transport events and population spread from 1996 to 2007. This work highlights the importance of atmospheric transport events relative to the invasion dynamics of the gypsy moth, and serves as a model for understanding this mechanism of spread in other related biological invasions.

Effects of pathogen exposure on life history variation in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)

PubMed Central

Páez, David J.; Fleming-Davies, Arietta E.; Dwyer, Greg

2015-01-01

Investment in host defenses against pathogens may lead to tradeoffs with host fecundity. When such tradeoffs arise from genetic correlations, rates of phenotypic change by natural selection may be affected. However, genetic correlations between host survival and fecundity are rarely quantified. To understand tradeoffs between immune responses to baculovirus exposure and fecundity in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), we estimated genetic correlations between survival probability and traits related to fecundity, such as pupal weight. In addition, we tested whether different virus isolates have different effects on male and female pupal weight. To estimate genetic correlations, we exposed individuals of known relatedness to a single baculovirus isolate. To then evaluate the effect of virus isolate on pupal weight, we exposed a single gypsy moth strain to 16 baculovirus isolates. We found a negative genetic correlation between survival and pupal weight. In addition, virus exposure caused late-pupating females to be identical in weight to males, whereas unexposed females were 2–3 times as large as unexposed males. Finally, we found that female pupal weight is a quadratic function of host mortality across virus isolates, which is likely due to tradeoffs and compensatory growth processes acting at high and low mortality levels, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that fecundity costs may strongly affect the response to selection for disease resistance. In nature, baculoviruses contribute to the regulation of gypsy moth outbreaks, as pathogens often do in forest-defoliating insects. We therefore argue that tradeoffs between host life-history traits may help explain outbreak dynamics. PMID:26201381

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and heat shock proteins (Hsp70) of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae in response to long-term fluoranthene exposure.

PubMed

Mrdaković, Marija; Ilijin, Larisa; Vlahović, Milena; Matić, Dragana; Gavrilović, Anja; Mrkonja, Aleksandra; Perić-Mataruga, Vesna

2016-09-01

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may affect biochemical and physiological processes in living organisms, thus impairing fitness related traits and influencing their populations. This imposes the need for providing early-warning signals of pollution. Our study aimed to examine changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the concentration of heat shock proteins (Hsp70) in homogenates of brain tissues of fifth instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae, exposed to the ubiquitous PAH, fluoranthene, supplemented to the rearing diet. Significantly increased activity of AChE in larvae fed on the diets with high fluoranthene concentrations suggests the necessity for elucidation of the role of AChE in these insects when exposed to PAH pollution. Significant induction of Hsp70 in gypsy moth larvae reared on the diets containing low fluoranthene concentrations, indicate that changes in the level of Hsp70 might be useful as an indicator of pollution in this widespread forest species. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low volume undiluted Btk application against heavy gypsy moth population densities in southern Corsica

Treesearch

Robert A. Fusco; Jean-Claude Martin

2003-01-01

Low volume undiluted applications of Bacillus thuringiensis are common and efficacious against coniferous forest pests such as pine processionary moth and spruce budworm, but have not been common practice against deciduous forest pests due to coverage issues.

Evaluation of the Effects of Light Intensity and Time Interval After the Start of Scotophase on the Female Flight Propensity of Asian Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).

PubMed

Chen, Fang; Shi, Juan; Keena, Melody

2016-04-01

Asian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), females are capable of flight, but little is known about what causes the variation in flight propensity that has been observed. The female flight propensity and capability of Asian gypsy moth from seven geographic populations (three from China, two from Russia, one from Japan, and one from Korea) were compared under all combinations of three light intensities (0.05, 0.10, and 0.40 lux) and during three time intervals after the start of scotophase. A total of 567 females were flight tested. Female flight propensity, time to initiate walking, fanning, and flying, and duration of fanning differed significantly among geographic populations. Females were less likely to voluntarily fly during the 0-1-h time interval after the start of scotophase than during the later time intervals (1-2 and 2-3 h), suggesting that the light intensity cue has to occur at the correct time after the expected start of scotophase for flight initiation. Light intensity did not significantly affect the proportion of females that voluntarily flew, but did impact the timing of the walking and fanning preflight behaviors. The interaction between light intensity and time interval after the start of scotophase had a significant effect on the proportion of females that fanned. The proportion of females with sustained flight capability varied among the populations evaluated. These results may aid in determining the risk of Asian gypsy moth dispersal, but further work is needed to assess other factors that play a role in flight propensity. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America 2016. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.

Laboratory evaluation of transgenic Populus davidiana×Populus bolleana expressing Cry1Ac + SCK, Cry1Ah3, and Cry9Aa3 genes against gypsy moth and fall webworm.

PubMed

Ding, Liping; Chen, Yajuan; Wei, Xiaoli; Ni, Mi; Zhang, Jiewei; Wang, Hongzhi; Zhu, Zhen; Wei, Jianhua

2017-01-01

Transgenic poplar lines 'Shanxin' (Populus davidiana×Populus bolleana) were generated via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic lines carried the expression cassettes of Cry1Ac + SCK, Cry1Ah3, and Cry9Aa3, respectively. The expression levels of the exogenous insect resistance genes in the transgenic lines were determined by Q-PCR and Western blot. Leaves of the transgenic lines were used for insect feeding bioassays on first instar larvae of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea). At 5 d of feeding, the mean mortalities of larvae feeding on Cry1Ac + SCK and Cry1Ah3 transgenic poplars leaves were 97% and 91%, while mortality on Cry9Aa3 transgenic lines was about 49%. All gypsy moth and fall webworm larvae were killed in 7-9 days after feeding on leaves from Cry1Ac + SCK or Cry1Ah3 transgenic poplars, while all the fall webworm larvae were killed in 11 days and about 80% of gypsy moth larvae were dead in 14 days after feeding on those from Cry9Aa3 transgenic lines. It was concluded that the transgenic lines of Cry1Ac + SCK and Cry1Ah3 were highly toxic to larvae of both insect species while lines with Cry9Aa3 had lower toxicity,and H. cunea larvae are more sensitive to the insecticidal proteins compared to L. dispar. Transgenic poplar lines toxic to L. dispar and H. cunea could be used to provide Lepidoptera pest resistance to selected strains of poplar trees.

Comparative analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin binding to gypsy moth, browntail moth, and douglas-fir tussock moth midgut tissue sections using fluorescence microscopy

Treesearch

Algimantas P. Valaitis; John D. Podgwaite

2011-01-01

Many strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produce insecticidal proteins, also referred to as Cry toxins, in crystal inclusions during sporulation. When ingested by insects, the Cry toxins bind to receptors on the brush border midgut epithelial cells and create pores in the epithelial gut membranes resulting in the death of...

Monitoring the defoliation of hardwood forests in Pennsylvania using LANDSAT. [gypsy moth surveys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dottavio, C. L.; Nelson, R. F.; Williams, D. L. (Principal Investigator)

1983-01-01

An automated system for conducting annual gypsy moth defoliation surveys using LANDSAT MSS data and digital processing techniques is described. A two-step preprocessing procedure was developed that uses multitemporal data sets representing forest canopy conditions before and after defoliation to create a digital image in which all nonforest cover types are eliminated or masked out of a LANDSAT image that exhibits insect defoliation. A temporal window for defoliation assessment was identified and a statewide data base was established. A data management system to interface image analysis software with the statewide data base was developed and a cost benefit analysis of this operational system was conducted.

The Pennsylvania defoliation application pilot test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcleod, R. G.; Zobrist, A. L.; Bryant, N. A.

1983-01-01

Satellite imagery for the State of Pennsylvania was digitally mosaicked to provide the seed data base for monitoring defoliation of hardwood trees by the gypsy moth. Two separate mosaics for the state were prepared, one before defoliation and one after defoliation, to determine the extent, direction, and impact of gypsy moth activity in the state. The digital mosaic technology used to construct the data base was transferred to Pennsylvania State University to permit periodic updates to the data base and to assist in planning and abatement activities. Participating agencies or institutions included Goddard Space Flight Center and the Pennsylvania State University Office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources.

AmeriFlux US-Ced Cedar Bridge

DOE Data Explorer

Clark, Ken [USDA Forest Service

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Ced Cedar Bridge. Site Description - Wildfires and prescribed fires are a common occurrence in the NJ Pinelands. Prior to a 1995 nonstand replacing wildfire, the stand was last burned in the very large wildfire in 1963. Plow lines were installed for fire control in December of 2007, followed by a prescribed burns in 2008 and 2013, conducted by the New Jersey Forest Fire Service. Pine looper defoliated the stand in 1998, and Gypsy moth defoliated the understory and deciduos oaks in 2007. Pitch Pines are largely unaffected by defoliation by Gypsy moth.

r and K strategies in some larval and pupal parasitoids of the gypsy moth.

PubMed

Barbosa, Pedro

1977-12-01

The investigations of the bionomics and parasitoid-host interactions of some gypsy moth parasitoids provide an opportunity to consider the role of r and K strategies in the life history of some tachinid and hymenopterous parasitoid species. Available historic data as well as results of recent studies are utilized in an attempt to evaluate the degree to which the data conform to this paradigm. Few studies have provided the information required to evaluate this concept particularly in a parasitoid complex. The concept of r and K also is discussed in relation to biological control strategies, and the implications of this analysis for those arguments are discussed.

Mapping Historic Gypsy Moth Defoliation with MODIS Satellite Data: Implications for Forest Threat Early Warning System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spurce, Joseph P.; Hargrove, William; Ryan, Robert E.; Smooth, James C.; Prados, Don; McKellip, Rodney; Sader, Steven A.; Gasser, Jerry; May, George

2008-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews a project, the goal of which is to study the potential of MODIS data for monitoring historic gypsy moth defoliation. A NASA/USDA Forest Service (USFS) partnership was formed to perform the study. NASA is helping USFS to implement satellite data products into its emerging Forest Threat Early Warning System. The latter system is being developed by the USFS Eastern and Western Forest Threat Assessment Centers. The USFS Forest Threat Centers want to use MODIS time series data for regional monitoring of forest damage (e.g., defoliation) preferably in near real time. The study's methodology is described, and the results of the study are shown.

Gypsy moths get sick too!

Treesearch

Leah S. Bauer

1999-01-01

In June, those large, black, hairy caterpillars really begin to get your attention as they devour your trees, pelt you car with unpleasent dropping, and lounge about on your porch. I am describing the gysy moth, of course, an annoying caterpillar because of its voracious appette, large size, and abundance in many parts of eastern North America.

A Multi-Species TaqMan PCR Assay for the Identification of Asian Gypsy Moths (Lymantria spp.) and Other Invasive Lymantriines of Biosecurity Concern to North America.

PubMed

Stewart, Donald; Zahiri, Reza; Djoumad, Abdelmadjid; Freschi, Luca; Lamarche, Josyanne; Holden, Dave; Cervantes, Sandra; Ojeda, Dario I; Potvin, Amélie; Nisole, Audrey; Béliveau, Catherine; Capron, Arnaud; Kimoto, Troy; Day, Brittany; Yueh, Hesther; Duff, Cameron; Levesque, Roger C; Hamelin, Richard C; Cusson, Michel

2016-01-01

Preventing the introduction and establishment of forest invasive alien species (FIAS) such as the Asian gypsy moth (AGM) is a high-priority goal for countries with extensive forest resources such as Canada. The name AGM designates a group of closely related Lymantria species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) comprising two L. dispar subspecies (L. dispar asiatica, L. dispar japonica) and three closely related Lymantria species (L. umbrosa, L. albescens, L. postalba), all considered potential FIAS in North America. Ships entering Canadian ports are inspected for the presence of suspicious gypsy moth eggs, but those of AGM are impossible to distinguish from eggs of innocuous Lymantria species. To assist regulatory agencies in their identification of these insects, we designed a suite of TaqMan® assays that provide significant improvements over existing molecular assays targeting AGM. The assays presented here can identify all three L. dispar subspecies (including the European gypsy moth, L. dispar dispar), the three other Lymantria species comprising the AGM complex, plus five additional Lymantria species that pose a threat to forests in North America. The suite of assays is built as a "molecular key" (analogous to a taxonomic key) and involves several parallel singleplex and multiplex qPCR reactions. Each reaction uses a combination of primers and probes designed to separate taxa through discriminatory annealing. The success of these assays is based on the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5' region of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) or in its longer, 3' region, as well as on the presence of an indel in the "FS1" nuclear marker, generating North American and Asian alleles, used here to assess Asian introgression into L. dispar dispar. These assays have the advantage of providing rapid and accurate identification of ten Lymantria species and subspecies considered potential FIAS.

Modification of a Pollen Trap Design To Capture Airborne Conidia of Entomophaga maimaiga and Detection of Conidia by Quantitative PCR.

PubMed

Bittner, Tonya D; Hajek, Ann E; Liebhold, Andrew M; Thistle, Harold

2017-09-01

The goal of this study was to develop effective and practical field sampling methods for quantification of aerial deposition of airborne conidia of Entomophaga maimaiga over space and time. This important fungal pathogen is a major cause of larval death in invasive gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ) populations in the United States. Airborne conidia of this pathogen are relatively large (similar in size to pollen), with unusual characteristics, and require specialized methods for collection and quantification. Initially, dry sampling (settling of spores from the air onto a dry surface) was used to confirm the detectability of E. maimaiga at field sites with L. dispar deaths caused by E. maimaiga , using quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods. We then measured the signal degradation of conidial DNA on dry surfaces under field conditions, ultimately rejecting dry sampling as a reliable method due to rapid DNA degradation. We modified a chamber-style trap commonly used in palynology to capture settling spores in buffer. We tested this wet-trapping method in a large-scale (137-km) spore-trapping survey across gypsy moth outbreak regions in Pennsylvania undergoing epizootics, in the summer of 2016. Using 4-day collection periods during the period of late instar and pupal development, we detected variable amounts of target DNA settling from the air. The amounts declined over the season and with distance from the nearest defoliated area, indicating airborne spore dispersal from outbreak areas. IMPORTANCE We report on a method for trapping and quantifying airborne spores of Entomophaga maimaiga , an important fungal pathogen affecting gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ) populations. This method can be used to track dispersal of E. maimaiga from epizootic areas and ultimately to provide critical understanding of the spatial dynamics of gypsy moth-pathogen interactions. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

Area-Wide Analysis of Hardwood Defoliator Effects on Tree Conditions in the Allegheny Plateau

Treesearch

Randall S. Morin; Andrew M. Liebhold; Kurt W. Gottschalk

2004-01-01

The effects of defoliation caused by three foliage feeding insects, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), the cherry scallopshell moth (Hydria prunivorata), and the elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius), on tree mortality and crown conditions were evaluated using data collected from 1984 to 1999 in the Allegheny National Forest located in northwestern Pennsylvania. While...

A simple device for dehairing insect egg masses

Treesearch

Benjamin J. Cosenza; Edwin A. Boger; Normand R. Dubois; Franklin B. Lewis

1963-01-01

The egg masses of some lepidopterous insects are covered by a mat of hairs that for some research purposes must be removed. Doing this by hand is tedious. Besides, the hairs on the egg masses of certain insects such as the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar [L.] and the browntail moth Nygmia phaeorrhoea [Donov.]) can cause severe...

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, FERTI-LOME GYPSY MOTH, JAPANESE BEETLE AND PINE MOTH KILLER, 06/08/1984

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

,'1 •.• 1I11!~: ~ . jqi, ,'III ~~1\\, J.., I! ~"'.h \\1·,." in t (1 II i I ,'( t r ... -: Il t: .11 III', I"",', 1.11 i ,., .'1" I. '\\', IY' r " \\I .... tll I,', ,' It-, "I"'!.'lel' ',."1 b .1 II,. ...

A georeferenced Landsat digital database for forest insect-damage assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, D. L.; Nelson, R. F.; Dottavio, C. L.

1985-01-01

In 1869, the gypsy moth caterpillar was introduced in the U.S. in connection with the experiments of a French scientist. Throughout the insect's period of establishment, gypsy moth populations have periodically increased to epidemic proportions. For programs concerned with preventing the insect's spread, it would be highly desirable to be able to employ a survey technique which could provide timely, accurate, and standardized assessments at a reasonable cost. A project was, therefore, initiated with the aim to demonstrate the usefulness of satellite remotely sensed data for monitoring the insect defoliation of hardwood forests in Pennsylvania. A major effort within this project involved the development of a map-registered Landsat digital database. A complete description of the database developed is provided along with information regarding the employed data management system.

75 FR 78587 - Gypsy Moth Generally Infested Areas; Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Ohio, and Virginia

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-16

..., Lang, Madrid, Mount Abraham, New Sharon, New Vineyard, Perkins, Phillips, Rangeley, Rangeley Plantation..., Kenduskeag, Kingman, Lagrange, Lakeville, Lee, Levant, Lincoln, Long A, Lowell, Mattamiscontis, Mattawamkeag...

Gypchek? use pattern realities

Treesearch

John D. Podgwaite

1991-01-01

Gypchek? is the gypsy moth Baculovirus product developed by the U.S. Forest Service and registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1978. It has since been reregistered (1988) as a minor use pesticide.

Influence of weather on the synchrony of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) outbreaks in New England

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, D.W.; Liebhold, A.M.

1995-10-01

Outbreaks of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were partially synchronous across New England states (Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont) from 1938 to 1992. To explain this synchrony, we investigated the Moran effect, a hypothesis that local population oscillations, which result form similar density-dependent mechanisms operating at time lags, may be synchronized over wide areas by exposure to common weather patterns. We also investigated the theory of climatic release, which ostulates that outbreaks are triggered by climatic factors favorable for population growth. Time series analysis revealed defoliation series in 2 states as 1st-order autoregressive processes and the other 2more » as periodic 2nd-order autoregressive processes. Defoliation residuals series computed using the autoregressive models for each state were cross correlated with series of weather variables recorded in the respective states. The weather variables significantly correlated with defoliation residuals in all 4 states were minimum temperature and precipitation in mid-December in the same gypsy moth generation and minimum temperature in mid- to late July of the previous generation. These weather variables also were correlated strongly among the 4 states. The analyses supported the predictions of the Moran effect and suggest the common weather may synchronize local populations so as to produce pest outbreaks over wide areas. We did not find convincing evidence to support the theory of climatic release. 41 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Consequences of enriched atmospheric CO{sub 2} and defoliation for foliar chemistry and gypsy moth performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lindroth, R.L.; Kinney, K.K.

1998-10-01

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO{sub 2} are likely to interact with other factors affecting plant physiology to alter plant chemical profiles and plant-herbivore interactions. The authors evaluated the independent and interactive effects of enriched CO{sub 2} and artificial defoliation on foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and the consequences of such changes for short-term performance of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). They grew aspen and maple seedlings in ambient and enriched CO{sub 2} environments at the University of wisconsin Biotron. Seven weeks after budbreak, trees in half of the rooms were subjected to 50%more » defoliation. Afterwards, foliage was collected for chemical analyses, and feeding trials were conducted with fourth-stadium gypsy moths. Enriched CO{sub 2} altered foliar levels of water, nitrogen, carbohydrates, and phenolics, and responses generally differed between the two tree species. Defoliation induced chemical changes only in aspen. They found no significant interactions between CO{sub 2} and defoliation for levels of carbon-based defenses (phenolic glycosides and tannins). CO{sub 2} treatment altered the performance of larvae fed aspen, but not maple, whereas defoliation had little effect on performance on insects. In general, results from this experimental system do not support the hypothesis that induction of carbon-based chemical defenses, and attendant effects on insects, will be stronger in a CO{sub 2}-enriched world.« less

77 FR 9620 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-17

... logs, trees, shrubs, and other articles do not harbor plant or insect pests such as the gypsy moth. Failing to collect this information would cripple APHIS' ability to ensure that trees, shrubs, logs, and a...

7 CFR 319.77-5 - Disposition of regulated articles denied entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... accordance with section 414 of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7714). [64 FR 45866, Aug. 23, 1999, as... PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth Host...

AmeriFlux US-Slt Silas Little- New Jersey

DOE Data Explorer

Clark, Ken [USDA Forest Service

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Slt Silas Little- New Jersey. Site Description - Wildfires, prescribed fires, insect defoliation events and windstorms are the common disturbances in the NJ Pinelands. The oak-dominated forest at Silas Little Experimental Forest was most recently defoliated by Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in 2006 to 2008, with complete defoliation occuring in 2007. Following this multi-year defoliation event, oak mortality was significant, and resulted in the death of approximately 20 % of the overstory oaks, and a similar reduction in stand biomass. Previous disturbances have included windstorms and earlier Gypsy moth defoliation events in the 1990's. The last major wildfire to occur at and near the Experimental Forest was in 1963. Since then, a number of prescribed fires have been conducted in the vicinity of the Silas Little flux site.

Effects of fluoranthene on the fitness-related traits and antioxidative defense in Lymantria dispar L.

PubMed

Mrdaković, Marija; Ilijin, Larisa; Vlahović, Milena; Todorović, Dajana; Gavrilović, Anja; Mrkonja, Aleksandra; Perić-Mataruga, Vesna

2015-07-01

This study aimed to examine the effects of ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene, supplemented to an artificial diet, on the fitness-related traits and activity of midgut antioxidative enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and expression of their isoforms in the fifth-instar gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. Prolonged duration of development and reduced weight and relative growth rate were recorded in larvae reared on the diets supplemented with different concentrations of fluoranthene. SOD and CAT activities were significantly higher in the midguts of fluoranthene-treated larvae, compared to that of the control group. Different expression patterns were detected for SOD as well as for CAT isoforms, depending on the supplemented concentration of fluoranthene. Obtained results suggest that the activity of these enzymes in gypsy moth larvae may be used as biomarkers for assessing pollution, even at low concentrations of the pollutant.

Risk Reduction of an Invasive Insect by Targeting Surveillance Efforts with the Assistance of a Phenology Model and International Maritime Shipping Routes and Schedules.

PubMed

Gray, David R

2016-05-01

Reducing the risk of introduction to North America of the invasive Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar asiatica Vnukovskij and L. d. japonica [Motschulsky]) on international maritime vessels involves two tactics: (1) vessels that wish to arrive in Canada or the United States and have visited any Asian port that is subject to regulation during designated times must obtain a predeparture inspection certificate from an approved entity; and (2) vessels with a certificate may be subjected to an additional inspection upon arrival. A decision support tool is described here with which the allocation of inspection resources at North American ports can be partitioned among multiple vessels according to estimates of the potential onboard Asian gypsy moth population and estimates of the onboard larval emergence pattern. The decision support tool assumes that port inspection is uniformly imperfect at the Asian ports and that each visit to a regulated port has potential for the vessel to be contaminated with gypsy moth egg masses. The decision support tool uses a multigenerational phenology model to estimate the potential onboard population of egg masses by calculating the temporal intersection between the dates of port visits to regulated ports and the simulated oviposition pattern in each port. The phenological development of the onboard population is simulated each day of the vessel log until the vessel arrives at the port being protected from introduction. Multiple independent simulations are used to create a probability distribution of the size and timing of larval emergence. © 2015 Society for Risk Analysis.

Asynchrony between Host Plant and Insects-Defoliator within a Tritrophic System: The Role of Herbivore Innate Immunity

PubMed Central

Martemyanov, Vyacheslav V.; Pavlushin, Sergey V.; Dubovskiy, Ivan M.; Yushkova, Yuliya V.; Morosov, Sergey V.; Chernyak, Elena I.; Efimov, Vadim M.; Ruuhola, Teija; Glupov, Victor V.

2015-01-01

The effects of asynchrony in the phenology of spring-feeding insect-defoliators and their host plants on insects’ fitness, as well as the importance of this effect for the population dynamics of outbreaking species of insects, is a widespread and well-documented phenomenon. However, the spreading of this phenomenon through the food chain, and especially those mechanisms operating this spreading, are still unclear. In this paper, we study the effect of seasonally declined leafquality (estimated in terms of phenolics and nitrogen content) on herbivore fitness, immune parameters and resistance against pathogen by using the silver birch Betula pendula—gypsy moth Lymantria dispar—nucleopolyhedrovirus as the tritrophic system. We show that a phenological mismatch induced by the delay in the emergence of gypsy moth larvae and following feeding on mature leaves has negative effects on the female pupal weight, on the rate of larval development and on the activity of phenoloxidase in the plasma of haemolymph. In addition, the larval susceptibility to exogenous nucleopolyhydrovirus infection as well as covert virus activation were both enhanced due to the phenological mismatch. The observed effects of phenological mismatch on insect-baculovirus interaction may partially explain the strong and fast fluctuations in the population dynamics of the gypsy moth that is often observed in the studied part of the defoliator area. This study also reveals some indirect mechanisms of effect related to host plant quality, which operate through the insect innate immune status and affect resistance to both exogenous and endogenous virus. PMID:26115118

Male-biased sex ratios in laboratory rearings of gypsy moth parasitoids

Treesearch

Roger W. Fuester; Kenneth S. Swan; Philip B. Taylor; Keith R. Hopper; Paul Ode

2003-01-01

Male-biased sex ratios in laboratory colonies of parasitic wasps used in biological control are harmful because they can prevent the establishment of introduced species or hinder commercial production of species used for augmentative control.

Teaching Basic Science Environmentally.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Busch, Phylliss

1987-01-01

Discusses how, where, and when to capture indoor and outdoor insects for study: Grasshoppers, Cockroaches, Houseflies, Snowfleas, Stone Flies, Scorpian Flies, Crane Flies, Gypsy Moths, Tent Caterpillars, Bagworms, Praying Mantis, Oak Leaf Skeletonizers, Mourning Cloak Butterflies, Ladybird Beetles, Maple Leaf Cutters, Woolybears. Emphasizes…

7 CFR 301.45 - Notice of quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... prevent the spread of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus), a dangerous insect injurious to forests and shade trees and not theretofore widely prevalent or distributed within or throughout the United...

7 CFR 301.45 - Notice of quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... prevent the spread of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus), a dangerous insect injurious to forests and shade trees and not theretofore widely prevalent or distributed within or throughout the United...

7 CFR 301.45 - Notice of quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... prevent the spread of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus), a dangerous insect injurious to forests and shade trees and not theretofore widely prevalent or distributed within or throughout the United...

7 CFR 301.45 - Notice of quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... prevent the spread of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus), a dangerous insect injurious to forests and shade trees and not theretofore widely prevalent or distributed within or throughout the United...

7 CFR 301.45 - Notice of quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... prevent the spread of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus), a dangerous insect injurious to forests and shade trees and not theretofore widely prevalent or distributed within or throughout the United...

Microimaging of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin-binding proteins in gypsy moth larval gut using confocal fluorescence microscopy

Treesearch

Daniel J. Krofcheck; Algimantas P. Valaitis

2010-01-01

After ingestion by susceptible insect larvae, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins bind to the brush border membranes of gut epithelial cells and disrupt the integrity of the plasma membrane by forming...

Demonstration of the gypsy moth energy budget microclimate model

Treesearch

D. E. Anderson; D. R. Miller; W. E. Wallner

1991-01-01

The use of a "User friendly" version of "GMMICRO" model to quantify the local environment and resulting core temperature of GM larvae under different conditions of canopy defoliation, different forest sites, and different weather conditions was demonstrated.

Jasmonate-Mediated Induced Volatiles in the American Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon: From Gene Expression to Organismal Interactions

PubMed Central

Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R.; Polashock, James; Malo, Edi A.

2013-01-01

Jasmonates, i.e., jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are signaling hormones that regulate a large number of defense responses in plants which in turn affect the plants’ interactions with herbivores and their natural enemies. Here, we investigated the effect of jasmonates on the emission of volatiles in the American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, at different levels of biological organization from gene expression to organismal interactions. At the molecular level, four genes (BCS, LLS, NER1, and TPS21) responded significantly to gypsy moth larval feeding, MeJA, and mechanical wounding, but to different degrees. The most dramatic changes in expression of BCS and TPS21 (genes in the sesquiterpenoid pathway) were when treated with MeJA. Gypsy moth-damaged and MeJA-treated plants also had significantly elevated expression of LLS and NER1 (genes in the monoterpene and homoterpene biosynthesis pathways, respectively). At the biochemical level, MeJA induced a complex blend of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds that differed from gypsy moth and mechanical damage, and followed a diurnal pattern of emission. At the organismal level, numbers of Sparganothis sulfureana moths were lower while numbers of parasitic wasps were higher on sticky traps near MeJA-treated cranberry plants than those near untreated plants. Out of 11 leaf volatiles tested, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, and linalool oxide elicited strong antennal (EAG) responses from S. sulfureana, whereas sesquiterpenes elicited weak EAG responses. In addition, mortality of S. sulfureana larvae increased by about 43% in JA treated cranberry plants as compared with untreated plants, indicating a relationship among adult preference, antennal sensitivity to plant odors, and offspring performance. This study highlights the role of the jasmonate-dependent defensive pathway in the emissions of herbivore-induced volatiles in cranberries and its importance in multi-trophic level interactions. PMID:23641249

Jasmonate-Mediated Induced Volatiles in the American Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon: From Gene Expression to Organismal Interactions.

PubMed

Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R; Polashock, James; Malo, Edi A

2013-01-01

Jasmonates, i.e., jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are signaling hormones that regulate a large number of defense responses in plants which in turn affect the plants' interactions with herbivores and their natural enemies. Here, we investigated the effect of jasmonates on the emission of volatiles in the American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, at different levels of biological organization from gene expression to organismal interactions. At the molecular level, four genes (BCS, LLS, NER1, and TPS21) responded significantly to gypsy moth larval feeding, MeJA, and mechanical wounding, but to different degrees. The most dramatic changes in expression of BCS and TPS21 (genes in the sesquiterpenoid pathway) were when treated with MeJA. Gypsy moth-damaged and MeJA-treated plants also had significantly elevated expression of LLS and NER1 (genes in the monoterpene and homoterpene biosynthesis pathways, respectively). At the biochemical level, MeJA induced a complex blend of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds that differed from gypsy moth and mechanical damage, and followed a diurnal pattern of emission. At the organismal level, numbers of Sparganothis sulfureana moths were lower while numbers of parasitic wasps were higher on sticky traps near MeJA-treated cranberry plants than those near untreated plants. Out of 11 leaf volatiles tested, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, and linalool oxide elicited strong antennal (EAG) responses from S. sulfureana, whereas sesquiterpenes elicited weak EAG responses. In addition, mortality of S. sulfureana larvae increased by about 43% in JA treated cranberry plants as compared with untreated plants, indicating a relationship among adult preference, antennal sensitivity to plant odors, and offspring performance. This study highlights the role of the jasmonate-dependent defensive pathway in the emissions of herbivore-induced volatiles in cranberries and its importance in multi-trophic level interactions.

Density-dependent resistance of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, to its nucleopolyhedrovirus

Treesearch

James R. Reilly; Ann E. Hajek

2007-01-01

The processes controlling disease resistance can strongly influence the population dynamics of insect outbreaks. Evidence that disease resistance is density-dependent is accumulating, but the exact form of this relationship is highly variable from species to species.

In Vitro Spermatogenesis of Gypsy Moth Larvae.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Judy; Loeb, Marcia J.

1994-01-01

Students establish simple cell developmental cultures to observe the process of spermatogenesis, mitosis, and meiosis in living cells. Using the background information, hints for further exploration, and experimental procedures provided, teachers can easily modify this experiment to suit their students needs. (ZWH)

Potential of VIIRS Data for Regional Monitoring of Gypsy Moth Defoliation: Implications for Forest Threat Early Warning System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spruce, Joseph P.; Ryan, Robert E.; Smoot, James C.; Prados, Donald; McKellip, Rodney; Sader. Steven A.; Gasser, Jerry; May, George; Hargrove, William

2007-01-01

A NASA RPC (Rapid Prototyping Capability) experiment was conducted to assess the potential of VIIRS (Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite) data for monitoring non-native gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) defoliation of forests. This experiment compares defoliation detection products computed from simulated VIIRS and from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) time series products as potential inputs to a forest threat EWS (Early Warning System) being developed for the USFS (USDA Forest Service). Gypsy moth causes extensive defoliation of broadleaved forests in the United States and is specifically identified in the Healthy Forest Restoration Act (HFRA) of 2003. The HFRA mandates development of a national forest threat EWS. This system is being built by the USFS and NASA is aiding integration of needed satellite data products into this system, including MODIS products. This RPC experiment enabled the MODIS follow-on, VIIRS, to be evaluated as a data source for EWS forest monitoring products. The experiment included 1) assessment of MODIS-simulated VIIRS NDVI products, and 2) evaluation of gypsy moth defoliation mapping products from MODIS-simulated VIIRS and from MODIS NDVI time series data. This experiment employed MODIS data collected over the approximately 15 million acre mid-Appalachian Highlands during the annual peak defoliation time frame (approximately June 10 through July 27) during 2000-2006. NASA Stennis Application Research Toolbox software was used to produce MODIS-simulated VIIRS data and NASA Stennis Time Series Product Tool software was employed to process MODIS and MODIS-simulated VIIRS time series data scaled to planetary reflectance. MODIS-simulated VIIRS data was assessed through comparison to Hyperion-simulated VIIRS data using data collected during gypsy moth defoliation. Hyperion-simulated MODIS data showed a high correlation with actual MODIS data (NDVI R2 of 0.877 and RMSE of 0.023). MODIS-simulated VIIRS data for the same date showed moderately high correlation with Hyperion-simulated VIIRS data (NDVI R2 of 0.62 and RMSE of 0.035), even though the datasets were collected about a half an hour apart during changing weather conditions. MODIS products (MOD02, MOD09, and MOD13) and MOD02-simulated VIIRS time series data were used to generate defoliation mapping products based on image classification and image differencing change detection techniques. Accuracy of final defoliation mapping products was assessed by image interpreting over 170 randomly sampled locations found on Landsat and ASTER data in conjunction with defoliation map data from the USFS. The MOD02-simulated VIIRS 400-meter NDVI classification produced a similar overall accuracy (87.28 percent with 0.72 Kappa) to the MOD02 250-meter NDVI classification (86.71 percent with 0.71 Kappa). In addition, the VIIRS 400-meter NDVI, MOD02 250-meter NDVI, and MOD02 500-meter NDVI showed good user and producer accuracies for the defoliated forest class (70 percent) and acceptable Kappa values (0.66). MOD02 and MOD02-simulated VIIRS data both showed promise as data sources for regional monitoring of forest disturbance due to insect defoliation.

Reusable autoclavable silicone rubber dish for insect dissection

Treesearch

J.D. Podgwaite; R.D. Neely; R.T. Zerillo

1974-01-01

During a disease-diagnosis study which involved a large number of gypsy moth larvae, Porthetria dispar (L.),it became necessary to develop a dissecting dish that, while possessing the positive attributes of conventional wax and paraffin dishes, also could be sterilized and reused.

Modeling gypsy moth seasonality

Treesearch

J. A. Logan; D. R. Gray

1991-01-01

Maintaining an appropriate seasonality is perhaps the most basic ecological requisite for insects living in temperate environments. The basic ecological importance of seasonality is enough to justify expending considerable effort to accurately model the processes involved. For insects of significant economic consequence, seasonality assumes additional importance...

7 CFR 301.45-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles and outdoor household articles...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... origin of the article is clearly indicated by shipping documents, its identity has been maintained, and... article stating that he or she has inspected the article in accordance with the Gypsy Moth Program Manual...

Gypsy moth IPM

Treesearch

Michael L. McManus; Andrew M. Liebhold

2009-01-01

Over the last 50 years, North American forests have been inundated by a multitude of alien pest invasions. Among these, noteworthy invaders include the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease. These species have greatly altered both the ecological and...

Enzymatic biomarkers as indicators of dietary cadmium in gypsy moth caterpillars.

PubMed

Vlahović, Milena; Mataruga, Vesna Perić; Mrdaković, Marija; Matić, Dragana; Lazarević, Jelica; Nenadović, Vera; Ilijin, Larisa

2013-05-01

Heavy metals damage the structure, chemistry, and function of cells, including enzyme systems inside them. Variation in the profile of biochemical biomarkers in prevalent species should be used for assessing environmental contamination. The present study pays attention to the phosphatases present in the midgut of gypsy moth fourth instar caterpillars, which had been exposed to short- and long-term cadmium intake at 10 and 30 μg Cd/g dry food. Chronic cadmium ingestion significantly inhibited the activity of all examined phosphatases, while only the activity of lysosomal phosphatase was acutely decreased. Total acid phosphatase activity recovered from both long-term cadmium treatments within 3 days. The low index of phenotypic plasticity was connected to high variability of plasticity. Dependence of phosphatase isoforms on genotype and duration of cadmium treatment was determined. We concluded that, with further investigations, profiling of total acid phosphatase activity, as well as the lysosomal fraction can be used as a biomarker for acute sublethal metal toxicity.

Response of small mammals to aerial applications of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Treesearch

R.A. Lautenschlager; H. Rothenbacher; J.D. Podgwaite

1978-01-01

Resident populations of white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque, red-backed voles, Clethrionomys gapperi Vigers, opossums, Didelphis marsupialis L., chipmunks, Tamias striatus L., and raccoons, Procyon lotor L., were evaluated to detect any short term effects from...

GYPCHEK biological insecticide for the gypsy moth

Treesearch

John D. Podgwaite

1999-01-01

With administrative and financial support from its State and Private Forestry division, the USDA Forest Service has directed much effort toward developing viral pesticides that kill forest insect pests. Most environmentally benign viral pesticides are narrow host-range products (Groner 1986) that are most useful in situations where environmental concerns are paramount...

7 CFR 319.77-2 - Regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Regulated articles. 319.77-2 Section 319.77-2....77-2 Regulated articles. In order to prevent the spread of gypsy moth from Canada into noninfested... section are designated as regulated articles. Regulated articles may be imported into the United States...

7 CFR 319.77-2 - Regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Regulated articles. 319.77-2 Section 319.77-2....77-2 Regulated articles. In order to prevent the spread of gypsy moth from Canada into noninfested... section are designated as regulated articles. Regulated articles may be imported into the United States...

7 CFR 319.77-2 - Regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Regulated articles. 319.77-2 Section 319.77-2....77-2 Regulated articles. In order to prevent the spread of gypsy moth from Canada into noninfested... section are designated as regulated articles. Regulated articles may be imported into the United States...

7 CFR 319.77-2 - Regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Regulated articles. 319.77-2 Section 319.77-2....77-2 Regulated articles. In order to prevent the spread of gypsy moth from Canada into noninfested... section are designated as regulated articles. Regulated articles may be imported into the United States...

III. Insects

Treesearch

Jose F. Negron

2011-01-01

RMRS research on insect pests focuses mostly on conifer pests. There is a long history of invasive insects causing significant impacts, mortality, and changes in forest ecosystem structure in North America. Perhaps the most evident example is the introduction of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, into eastern North America in the 1860s (Forbush and Frenald 1896)....

Phenology prediction component of GypsES

Treesearch

Jesse A. Logan; Lukas P. Schaub; F. William Ravlin

1991-01-01

Prediction of phenology is an important component of most pest management programs, and considerable research effort has been expended toward development of predictive tools for gypsy moth phenology. Although phenological prediction is potentially valuable for timing of spray applications (e.g. Bt, or Gypcheck) and other management activities (e.g. placement and...

The backcross sterility technique

Treesearch

V. C. Mastro; A. Pellegrini-Toole

1991-01-01

The sterile insect technique (SIT) and the induced inherited (F1) sterility technique have been investigated for a number of lepidopterous pests, including the gypsy moths. Another technique, backcross sterility, which could potentially prove as or more useful for control of pest species has been developed for the control of only one lepidopteran...

Get to Know Your Neighborhood Pest: An Interdisciplinary Project for Middle School Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zipko, Stephen J.

1982-01-01

Describes an interdisciplinary, month-long minicourse project focusing on the gypsy moth. The project provided students with opportunities to develop analytical and problem-solving skills while studying content from entomology, botany, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, math, art, law, political science, history, English, consumer studies, and…

Spray swath patterns of small aircraft and vertical distribution of microbial spray deposits

Treesearch

W. G. Yendol

1985-01-01

Each year in Northeastern United States over 500,000 acres of oak forests are aerially sprayed to prevent massive defoliation by the gypsy moth. In Pennsylvania alone 400,000 acres were proposed for treatment in 1983 with commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

Identification and characterization of the ecdysteroid UDPglucosyltransferase gene of the Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Treesearch

Christopher I. Riegel; Carita Lanner-Herrera; James M. Slavicek

1994-01-01

We have located, cloned, sequenced and characterized the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) gene from the baculovirus Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus,(LdMNPV), which is specific for the gypsy moth (L. dispar). The egt gene from the related baculovirus Autographa californica...

Neurophysiological and behavioral responses of gypsy moth larvae to insect repellents

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The interactions between insect repellents and the olfactory system have been widely studied, however relatively little is known about the effects of repellents on the gustatory system of insects. In this study, we show that the gustatory receptor neuron (GRN) located in the medial styloconic sensi...

7 CFR 319.77-3 - Gypsy moth infested areas in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... that includes the following parishes: Campobello Island, Dumbarton, Dufferin, Grand Manan Island, St... south and east of the Scotch Lake Road beginning in the west at Bear Island on the St. John River and..., Bright Additional, Cobden, Denis, Garden River First Nation, Indian Reserve #7, Johnson, Korah, Laird...

7 CFR 319.77-3 - Gypsy moth infested areas in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... that includes the following parishes: Campobello Island, Dumbarton, Dufferin, Grand Manan Island, St... south and east of the Scotch Lake Road beginning in the west at Bear Island on the St. John River and..., Bright Additional, Cobden, Denis, Garden River First Nation, Indian Reserve #7, Johnson, Korah, Laird...

7 CFR 319.77-3 - Gypsy moth infested areas in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... that includes the following parishes: Campobello Island, Dumbarton, Dufferin, Grand Manan Island, St... south and east of the Scotch Lake Road beginning in the west at Bear Island on the St. John River and..., Bright Additional, Cobden, Denis, Garden River First Nation, Indian Reserve #7, Johnson, Korah, Laird...

7 CFR 319.77-3 - Gypsy moth infested areas in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... that includes the following parishes: Campobello Island, Dumbarton, Dufferin, Grand Manan Island, St... south and east of the Scotch Lake Road beginning in the west at Bear Island on the St. John River and..., Bright Additional, Cobden, Denis, Garden River First Nation, Indian Reserve #7, Johnson, Korah, Laird...

7 CFR 319.77-3 - Gypsy moth infested areas in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... that includes the following parishes: Campobello Island, Dumbarton, Dufferin, Grand Manan Island, St... south and east of the Scotch Lake Road beginning in the west at Bear Island on the St. John River and..., Bright Additional, Cobden, Denis, Garden River First Nation, Indian Reserve #7, Johnson, Korah, Laird...

Inheritance of female flight in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Treesearch

M.A. Keena; P.S. Grinberg; W.E. Wallner

2007-01-01

A clinal female fight polymorphism exists in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, L., where female flight diminishes from east to west across Eurasia. A Russian population where females are capable of sustained ascending flight and a North American population with females incapable of flight were crossed: parentals, reciprocal F1,...

Monitoring components of GypsES

Treesearch

Lukas P. Schaub; F. William Ravlin; Jesse A. Logan; Shelby J. Fleischer

1991-01-01

The manager needs tools for assistance in planning and interpreting monitoring systems. We are building a system that designs sampling programs by interpreting data about Gypsy Moth, stand condition and management objectives. The system prioritizes areas within the management unit within budgetary constraints and defines the areas to be monitored. The system proposes...

Gypchek®: past and future strategies for use

Treesearch

J. D. Podgwaite

1985-01-01

The development of the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus product Gypchek, and strategies for its use, have been largely patterned after conventional pesticide technology. Prior to Gypchek registration with the Environmental Protection Agency in 1978, several field tests involving variations in virus product, application hardware, dose rates, timing and formulation...

Trends in afforestation in southern Missouri

Treesearch

W. Keith Moser; Mark D. Nelson; Mark H. Hansen; Sean Healey; Warren Cohen

2009-01-01

Past studies of forest disturbance traditionally have focused on biomass loss, e.g., blowdown in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, gypsy moth infestation, the impacts of Hurricanes Hugo and Katrina. Using FIA data and satellite imagery, this study examined a region of the country that is simultaneously experiencing biomass loss due to oak decline and biomass...

Nondormancy in Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores: effects of isolate and cold exposure

Treesearch

Ann E. Hajek; Allison E. Burke; Charlotte Nielsen; Joshua J. Hannam; Leah S. Bauer

2008-01-01

Azygospores (resting spores) of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga are produced in later larval instars of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar and normally enter constitutive dormancy. In the laboratory cadavers of recently dead larvae containing immature azygospores were placed on 1.0% water agar at 20 C for 2 wk after host...

Evaluation of production method and formulation for optimizing in-vitro produced Gypchek

Treesearch

R. E. Webb; G. B. White; K. W. Thorpe; J. M. Slavicek; J. D. Podgwaite; R. W. Fuester; P. B. Taylor; R. A. Peiffer; M. A. Valenti

2003-01-01

Gypchek (USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC), a product with the Lymantria dispar multi-enveloped nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) as the active ingredient, is a general use biopesticide for use against the gypsy moth. Successful field trials with Gypchek incorporated with the commercially-produced Carrier 038 (Valent BioSciences Corp., Libertyville,...

Indiana's forest resource in 2000

Treesearch

Thomas L. Schmidt; Manfred E. Mielke; Phillip T. Marshall

2002-01-01

Results of the 2000 annual inventory of Indiana show that the previous trend of increasing area of forest land and growing-stock volumes has leveled off. Deciduous species continue to dominate Indiana''s forests, accounting for 96 percent of the total growing-stock volume. Known pests in Indiana''s forests include gypsy moth, eastern tent...

Elevational gradient in the cyclicity of a forest-defoliating insect

Treesearch

Kyle J. Haynes; Andrew M. Liebhold; Derek M. Johnson

2012-01-01

Observed changes in the cyclicity of herbivore populations along latitudinal gradients and the hypothesis that shifts in the importance of generalist versus specialist predators explain such gradients has long been a matter of intense interest. In contrast, elevational gradients in population cyclicity are largely unexplored. We quantified the cyclicity of gypsy moth...

Observations on the use of GYPCHEK

Treesearch

F. B. Lewis; R. C. Reardon; A. S. Munson; H. B. Hubbard; N. F. Schneeberger; W. B. White

1979-01-01

This paper reports the results of the 1978 aerial test with the gypsy moth NPV product, GYPCHEK. Although a general population collapse was observed, conclusions could be made on the efficacy of three formulations and two aircraft nozzling systems. The molasses formulation was more effective when applied with Beecomist® nozzles, but Pro-tee®...

The role of Allee effects in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), invasions

Treesearch

Patrick C. Tobin; Christelle Robinet; Derek M. Johnson; Stefanie L. Whitmire; Ottar N. Bjornstad; Andrew M. Liebhold

2009-01-01

Allee effects have been applied historically in efforts to understand the low-density population dynamics of rare and endangered species. Many biological invasions likewise experience the phenomenon of decreasing population growth rates at low population densities because most founding populations of introduced nonnative species occur at low densities. In range...

How to use the Stand-Damage Model: Version 2.0. (Computer program)

Treesearch

J.J. Colbert; George Racin

2001-01-01

The Stand-Damage Model simulates the growth of a forest stand, a spatially homogeneous collection of trees growing on a site. The model simulates growth from an initial inventory, user-prescribed management practices, and the effects of gypsy moth defoliation. Here we provide installation and operating instructions for Version 2.0.

Bacillus thuringiensis toxins trigger receptor shedding from gypsy moth midgut cells

Treesearch

Algimantas P. Valaitis

2007-01-01

The mechanism of action of the Cry1 insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) begins with the processing of these proteins in the larval gut. After proteolytic activation, the Bt toxins bind to specific midgut receptors and insert into the membrane of the gut epithelial cells, causing insect death.

Critical patch size generated by Allee effect in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.)

Treesearch

E. Vercken; A.M. Kramer; P.C. Tobin; J.M. Drake

2011-01-01

Allee effects are important dynamical mechanisms in small-density populations in which per capita population growth rate increases with density. When positive density dependence is sufficiently severe (a 'strong' Allee effect), a critical density arises below which populations do not persist. For spatially distributed populations subject to dispersal, theory...

A system for gathering small mammal data

Treesearch

Robert D. Neely; Robert W. Campbell

1973-01-01

As an aid to studying vertebrate predators of the gypsy moth, a radio telemetry system was designed to detect the death of small mammals and facilitate recovery of the remains. An intraperitoneally implanted radio transmitter is triggered by the drop in body temperature when the animal dies. The device was tested in white-footed mice.

7 CFR 301.45-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 301.45-1 Section 301.45-1 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth § 301.45-1 Definitions. Terms used in the... trailer skirts. Bark. The tough outer covering of the woody stems of trees, shrubs, and other woody plants...

7 CFR 301.45-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 301.45-1 Section 301.45-1 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth § 301.45-1 Definitions. Terms used in the... trailer skirts. Bark. The tough outer covering of the woody stems of trees, shrubs, and other woody plants...

7 CFR 301.45-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 301.45-1 Section 301.45-1 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth § 301.45-1 Definitions. Terms used in the... trailer skirts. Bark. The tough outer covering of the woody stems of trees, shrubs, and other woody plants...

Iowa's forest resources in 2000

Treesearch

Joseph T. II Boykin

2003-01-01

Results of the 2000 annual inventory of Iowa show that there are as estimated 2.5 million acres of forest land; 3.2 billion cubic feet of all live volume on timberland; and 87 million dry tons of all live aboveground tree biomass on timberland. Known pathogens and pests in Iowa's forets include oak wilt and gypsy moth.

Distribution of resting spores of the Lymantria dispar pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in soil and on bark

Treesearch

A. E. Hajek; L. Bauer; M. L. McManus; M. M. Wheeler

1998-01-01

Cadavers of late instar Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larvae killed by the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga predominantly contain resting spores (azygospores). These cadavers frequently remain attached to tree trunks for several weeks before they detach and fall to the ground. Density gradient centrifugation was used to...

Circumpolar variation in periodicity and synchrony among gypsy moth populations

Treesearch

Derek M. Johnson; Andrew M. Liebhold; Ottar N. Bjornstad; Michael L. Mcmanus; Michael L. Mcmanus

2005-01-01

Previous studies or insect dynamics have detected spatial synchrony in intraspecific population dynamics up to, but not exceeding, 1000 km. Oddly, interspecific synchrony has recently been reported at distances well over 1000 km (at continental and circumpolar scales). While the authors implicated climatic effects as the cause for the apparent largescale interspecific...

A strain of Serratia marcescens pathogenic for larvae of Lymantria dispar: Characterization

Treesearch

J.D. Podgwaite; B.J. Cosenza

1976-01-01

A gram-negative bacillus, pathogenic for gypsy moth larvae, was characterized culturally, morphologically, and physiologically as a member of the Serratia group of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The microorganism lacked the pigmentation characteristic of the group but was generally distinguished from closely related members of the family by its...

Ecologically acceptable usage of derivatives of essential oil of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum, as antifeedants against larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar.

PubMed

Popović, Zorica; Kostić, Miroslav; Stanković, Sladjan; Milanović, Slobodan; Sivčev, Ivan; Kostić, Igor; Kljajić, Petar

2013-01-01

Abstract Ethanol solutions of five fractions obtained from essential oil of sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) (F1-F5) were tested for their antifeedant properties against 2(nd) instar gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in laboratory non-choice and feeding-choice experiments. Prior to bioassays, the chemical composition of each fraction was determined by gas chromatography analyses. Significant larval deterrence from feeding was achieved by application of tested solutions to fresh leaves of the host plant. The most effective were were F1 (0.5%), F4 (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5%), and F5 (0.1 and 0.5%), which provided an antifeedant index > 80% after five days. A low rate of larval mortality was observed in no-choice bioassay. In situ screening of chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of plant stress level (assessed by the induced fluorometry) confirmed that the tested compounds did not cause alternations in the photosynthetic efficiency of treated leaves.

Ecologically Acceptable usage of Derivatives of Essential Oil of Sweet Basil, Ocimum basilicum, as Antifeedants Against Larvae of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar

PubMed Central

Popović, Zorica; Kostić, Miroslav; Stanković, Sladjan; Milanović, Slobodan; Sivčev, Ivan; Kostić, Igor; Kljajić, Petar

2013-01-01

Ethanol solutions of five fractions obtained from essential oil of sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) (F1–F5) were tested for their antifeedant properties against 2nd instar gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in laboratory non-choice and feeding-choice experiments. Prior to bioassays, the chemical composition of each fraction was determined by gas chromatography analyses. Significant larval deterrence from feeding was achieved by application of tested solutions to fresh leaves of the host plant. The most effective were were F1 (0.5%), F4 (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5%), and F5 (0.1 and 0.5%), which provided an antifeedant index > 80% after five days. A low rate of larval mortality was observed in no-choice bioassay. In situ screening of chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of plant stress level (assessed by the induced fluorometry) confirmed that the tested compounds did not cause alternations in the photosynthetic efficiency of treated leaves. PMID:24773447

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clark, Ken

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Dix Fort Dix. Site Description - The Fort Dix site is located in the upland forests of the New Jersey Pine Barrens, the largest continuous forested landscape on the Northeastern coastal plain. Upland forests occupy 62% of the 1.1 million acre Pine Barrens and can be divided into three dominant stand types, Oak/Pine (19.1%), Pine/Oak (13.1%), and Pitch Pine/Scrub oak (14.3%). The majority of mature upland forests are the product of regeneration following late 19th century logging and charcoaling activities. Gypsy moths first appeared in the Pinemore » Barrens of New Jersey in 1966. Since the time of arrival, the upland forest stands have undergone several episodes of defoliation, the most significant occurred in 1972, 1981, and 1990. In recent years, the overstory oaks and understory oaks and shrubs of the Fort Dix stand, underwent two periods of defoliation by Gypsy moth, in 2006 and 2007. During these two years, maximum leaf area reached only 70% of the 2005 summer maximum.« less

Herbivore-induced volatiles in the perennial shrub, Vaccinium corymbosum, and their role in inter-branch signaling.

PubMed

Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R; Rodriguez-Saona, Luis E; Frost, Christopher J

2009-02-01

Herbivore feeding activates plant defenses at the site of damage as well as systemically. Systemic defenses can be induced internally by signals transported via phloem or xylem, or externally transmitted by volatiles emitted from the damaged tissues. We investigated the role of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) in activating a defense response between branches in blueberry plants. Blueberries are perennial shrubs that grow by initiating adventitious shoots from a basal crown, which produce new lateral branches. This type of growth constrains vascular connections between shoots and branches within plants. While we found that leaves within a branch were highly connected, vascular connectivity was limited between branches within shoots and absent between branches from different shoots. Larval feeding by gypsy moth, exogenous methyl jasmonate, and mechanical damage differentially induced volatile emissions in blueberry plants, and there was a positive correlation between amount of insect damage and volatile emission rates. Herbivore damage did not affect systemic defense induction when we isolated systemic branches from external exposure to HIPVs. Thus, internal signals were not capable of triggering systemic defenses among branches. However, exposure of branches to HIPVs from an adjacent branch decreased larval consumption by 70% compared to those exposed to volatiles from undamaged branches. This reduction in leaf consumption did not result in decreased volatile emissions, indicating that leaves became more responsive to herbivory (or "primed") after being exposed to HIPVs. Chemical profiles of leaves damaged by gypsy moth caterpillars, exposed to HIPVs, or non-damaged controls revealed that HIPV-exposed leaves had greater chemical similarities to damaged leaves than to control leaves. Insect-damaged leaves and young HIPV-exposed leaves had higher amounts of endogenous cis-jasmonic acid compared to undamaged and non-exposed leaves, respectively. Our results show that exposure to HIPVs triggered systemic induction of direct defenses against gypsy moth and primed volatile emissions, which can be an indirect defense. Blueberry plants appear to rely on HIPVs as external signals for inter-branch communication.

Induced plant defenses, host–pathogen interactions, and forest insect outbreaks

PubMed Central

Elderd, Bret D.; Rehill, Brian J.; Haynes, Kyle J.; Dwyer, Greg

2013-01-01

Cyclic outbreaks of defoliating insects devastate forests, but their causes are poorly understood. Outbreak cycles are often assumed to be driven by density-dependent mortality due to natural enemies, because pathogens and predators cause high mortality and because natural-enemy models reproduce fluctuations in defoliation data. The role of induced defenses is in contrast often dismissed, because toxic effects of defenses are often weak and because induced-defense models explain defoliation data no better than natural-enemy models. Natural-enemy models, however, fail to explain gypsy moth outbreaks in North America, in which outbreaks in forests with a higher percentage of oaks have alternated between severe and mild, whereas outbreaks in forests with a lower percentage of oaks have been uniformly moderate. Here we show that this pattern can be explained by an interaction between induced defenses and a natural enemy. We experimentally induced hydrolyzable-tannin defenses in red oak, to show that induction reduces variability in a gypsy moth’s risk of baculovirus infection. Because this effect can modulate outbreak severity and because oaks are the only genus of gypsy moth host tree that can be induced, we extended a natural-enemy model to allow for spatial variability in inducibility. Our model shows alternating outbreaks in forests with a high frequency of oaks, and uniform outbreaks in forests with a low frequency of oaks, matching the data. The complexity of this effect suggests that detecting effects of induced defenses on defoliator cycles requires a combination of experiments and models. PMID:23966566

Laboratory Assessment of the Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on Native Lepidoptera

Treesearch

John W. Peacock; Dale F. Schweitzer; Jane L. Carter; Normand R. Dubois

1998-01-01

The effect of 2 formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Foray 48B and Dipel 8AF) was evaluated on 42 species of native Lepidoptera in laboratory bioassays using instars that are present in the field at the time of gypsy moth suppression applications. Mortality was significant for 27 of the 42 species evaluated...

7 CFR 301.45-7 - Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles. 301.45-7 Section 301.45-7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth § 301.45-7 Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household...

7 CFR 301.45-7 - Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles. 301.45-7 Section 301.45-7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth § 301.45-7 Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household...

7 CFR 301.45-7 - Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles. 301.45-7 Section 301.45-7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth § 301.45-7 Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household...

7 CFR 301.45-7 - Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles. 301.45-7 Section 301.45-7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth § 301.45-7 Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household...

7 CFR 301.45-7 - Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household articles. 301.45-7 Section 301.45-7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Gypsy Moth § 301.45-7 Assembly and inspection of regulated articles and outdoor household...

Bacteria of living and dead larvae of Porthetria dispar (L.)

Treesearch

John D. Podgwaite; Benjamin J. Cosenza

1966-01-01

A preliminary study of the bacteria associated with living and dead larvae of the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar (L.)) was undertaken to determine what types of micro-organisms may be associated with disease in this insect. Specific objectives of this study were to enumerate the types of aerobic bacteria, and if possible to further elucidate the role...

Wisconsin's forest resources in 2001.

Treesearch

John S. Vissage; Gery J. Brand; Manfred E. Mielke

2003-01-01

Results of the 2001 annual inventory of Wisconsin show about 15.8 million acres of forest land, more than 21.6 billion cubic feet of live volume on forest land, and nearly 584 million dry tons of all live aboveground tree biomass on timberland. Gypsy moth, forest tent caterpillar, twolined chestnut borer, bronze birch borer, ash yellows, and white pine blister rust...

Wisconsin's forest resources in 2002.

Treesearch

John S. Vissage; Gary J. Brand; Manfred E. Mielke

2004-01-01

Results of the 2002 annual inventory of Wisconsin show about 16.0 million acres of forest land, over 22.2 billion cubic feet of live volume on forest land, and nearly 598 million dry tons of all live aboveground tree biomass on timberland. Gypsy moth, forest tent caterpillar, twolined chestnut borer, bronze birch borer, ash yellows, and white pine blister rust were...

76 FR 18510 - Notice of Request for Extension of Approval of an Information Collection; Gypsy Moth...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-04

... Development Center in Massachusetts so that it can be correctly identified through DNA analysis. (Since the... distinguished from each other. DNA analysis is the only way to accurately identify these insects.) The PPQ or... regulatory officials to identify and track specific specimens through the DNA identification tests that we...

Forest product trade impacts of an invasive species: modeling structure and intervention trade-offs

Treesearch

Jeffrey Prestemon; Shushuai Zhu; James A. Turner; Joseph Buongiorno; Ruhong Li

2006-01-01

Asian gypsy and nun moth introductions into the United States, possibly arriving on imported Siberian coniferous logs, threaten domestic forests and product markers and could have global market consequences. We simulate, using the Global Forest Products Model (a spatial equilibrium model of the world forest sector), the consequences under current policies of a...

A Gene for an Extended Phenotype

Treesearch

K. Hoover; M. Grove; M. Gardner; D. P. Hughes; J. McNeil; J. Slavicek

2011-01-01

Manipulation of host behavior by parasites and pathogens has been widely observed, but the basis for these behaviors has remained elusive. Gypsy moths infected by a baculovirus climb to the top of trees to die, liquefy, and "rain" virus on the foliage below to infect new hosts. The viral gene that manipulates climbing behavior of the host was identified,...

Long-term shifts in the cyclicity of outbreaks of a forest-defoliating insect

Treesearch

Andrew J. ​Allstadt; Kyle J. Haynes; Andrew M. Liebhold; Derek M. Johnson

2013-01-01

Recent collapses of population cycles in several species highlight the mutable nature of population behavior as well as the potential role of human-induced environmental change in causing population dynamics to shift. We investigate changes in the cyclicity of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) outbreaks by applying wavelet analysis to an 86-year time...

Guide to the Stand-Damage Model interface management system

Treesearch

George Racin; J. J. Colbert

1995-01-01

This programmer's support document describes the Gypsy Moth Stand-Damage Model interface management system. Management of stand-damage data made it necessary to define structures to store data and provide the mechanisms to manipulate these data. The software provides a user-friendly means to manipulate files, graph and manage outputs, and edit input data. The...

Invasive forest defoliator contributes to the impending downward trend of oak dominance in eastern North America

Treesearch

Randall S. Morin; Andrew M. Liebhold

2016-01-01

Disturbanceby non-native insect species can be an important ecological driver shaping long-term changes in vegetation and plant species composition. While impacts of gypsy moth (Lymatria dispar L.) outbreaks in North American forests have been extensively studied, the results are quite inconsistent, particularly with respect to the amount of tree...

Exotic pests of eastern forests conference proceedings

Treesearch

Kerry O. Britton

1998-01-01

Invasive exotic pest plants, diseases, and insects, have had a dramatic impact on the health and composition of the Eastern forests for many decades. Chestnut blight was discovered in the United States in 1904. Since then, it has virtually destroyed the chestnut population, which once occupied 25 percent of the eastern forest. In the 1860's, the gypsy moth was...

Autographa caljfornica nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in non-permissive Lymantria dispar cell lines

Treesearch

Edward M. Dougherty; David Guzo; Kathleen S. Shields; Dwight E. Lynn; Susan K. Braun

1991-01-01

Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) the prototypic group A baculovirus, has the widest reported host range of the baculoviruses and is considered to be one of the most virulent baculoviruses studied. The gypsy moth Lymantria dispar is not considered a natural host of AcNPV, however. To determine the factors...

Bacillus thuringiensis pore-forming toxins trigger massive shedding of GPI-anchored aminopeptidase N from gypsy moth midgut epithelial cells

Treesearch

Algimantas P. Valaitis

2008-01-01

The insecticidal Cry proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strains are pore-forming toxins (PFTs) that bind to the midgut brush border membrane and cause extensive damage to the midgut epithelial cells of susceptible insect larvae. Force-feeding B. thuringiensis PFTs to Lymantria dispar larvae elicited...

Monitoring the establishment and prevalence of the fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in two Lymantria dispar L. populations in Bulgaria

Treesearch

D. Pilarska; M. McManus; P. Pilarska; G. Georgiev; P. Mirchev; A. Linde

2005-01-01

The establishment and prevalence of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga, (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales), introduced into two gypsy moth populations in Bulgaria, was monitored during 2000-2004. In the Karlovo Region population, where E. maimaiga was introduced in 1999, the fungus was recovered every year and the...

Persistence of invading gypsy moth populations in the United States

Treesearch

Stefanie L. Whitmire; Patrick C. Tobin

2006-01-01

Abstract Exotic invasive species are a mounting threat to native biodiversity, and their effects are gaining more public attention as each new species is detected. Equally important are the dynamics of exotic invasives that are previously well established. While the literature reports many examples of the ability of a newly arrived exotic invader to persist prior to...

76 FR 60358 - Gypsy Moth Generally Infested Areas; Additions in Indiana, Maine, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

... Virginia, and Wisconsin AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. ACTION: Affirmation of... amended the regulations to add areas in Indiana, Maine, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin to..., West Virginia, and Wisconsin to the list of generally infested areas. \\1\\ To view the interim rule and...

World distribution of female flight and genetic variation in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Treesearch

M.A. Keena; M.-J. Cote; P.S. Grinberg; W.E. Wallner

2008-01-01

Female gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., from 46 geographic strains were evaluated for flight capability and related traits. Males from 31 of the same strains were evaluated for genetic diversity using two polymorphic cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial DNA restriction sites, the nuclear FS1 marker, and four microsatellite loci. Females capable of...

76 FR 21613 - Gypsy Moth Generally Infested Areas; Additions in Indiana, Maine, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-18

...;Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 74 / Monday, April 18, 2011 / Rules and Regulations#0;#0; [[Page 21613... effective April 18, 2011. We will consider all comments that we receive on or before June 17, 2011... Baxter State Park; and, in Somerset County, the townships of Bigelow, Lower Enchanted, Pierce Pond, and...

Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 (LdIV1), a new model to study iflaviral persistence in lepidopterans

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The cell line IPLB-LD-652Y derived from the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Linn.) is routinely used to study insect virus-host interactions. Here we report the full genome sequence and biological characteristics of a small RNA virus, designated Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 (LdIV1), that was discovere...

The effects of silvicultural thinning and Lymantria dispar L. defoliation on wood volume growth of Quercus spp.

Treesearch

Mary Ann Fajvan; Kurt W. Gottschalk

2012-01-01

Pre- and post-defoliation radial growth rates were used to examine the effects of silvicultural thinning and two consecutive years of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation on Quercus spp. wood volume production. In the first phase of the study, tree rings from 65 dissected stems, were used to develop polynomial models to...

Comparative biological activities of two nucleopolyhedrovirus preparations: Virin NSH and Gypchek (in Russian)

Treesearch

S.A. Bakhvalov; V.V. Martemyanov; J.D. Podgwaite; J.D. Podgwait

2005-01-01

The biological activities of the viral preparations Virin NSH and Gypchek were determined for two Western Siberia populations (Tatarsk and Altai) and for one American (New Jersey) population of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. There were no significant differences in potency between the two preparations when tested against the Tatarsk population of L. dispar. Gypchek...

Symposium on microbial control of spruce budworm and gypsy moth

Treesearch

F. B. Lewis

1985-01-01

The principal purpose of this Symposium is to take advantage of the CANUSA experience, which has engaged so many of us recently, to share and place in the context of our total experience, the current situation regarding microbial insecticides and their use. The exercise will be useful not only for information exchange ? the traditional purpose of symposia -- but also...

Native and exotic insects and diseases in forest ecosystems in the Hoosier-Shawnee ecological assessment area

Treesearch

Dwight Scarbrough; Jennifer Juzwik

2004-01-01

Various native and exotic insects and diseases affect the forest ecosystems of the Hoosier-Shawnee Ecological Assessment Area. Defoliating insects have had the greatest effects in forests where oak species predominate. Increases in oak decline are expected with the imminent establishment of the European gypsy moth. Insects and pathogens of the pine forests are...

Laboratory and field studies on the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on non-target lepidoptera

Treesearch

John Peacock; Stephen Talley; Taylor Williams; Richard. Reardon

1992-01-01

Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is one of the insecticides considered effective for suppression of gypsy moth infestations, and it is considered to one of the most selective in terms of its effects on other insects. Although B.t. is touted to be "environmentally safe", there is a paucity of field data to support this claim, particularly as...

Wisconsin's forest resources in 2003

Treesearch

John S. Vissage; Gary J. Brand; J.E. Cummings-Carlson,

2005-01-01

Results of the 2003 annual inventory of Wisconsin show about 15.9 million acres of forest land, over 21.9 billion cubic feet of live volume on forest land, and nearly 591 million dry tons of all live aboveground tree biomass on timberland. Gypsy moth, forest tent caterpillar, twolined chestnut borer, bronze birch borer, ash yellows, and oak wilt were among the pests of...

Geographic variation in forest composition and precipitation predict the synchrony of forest insect outbreaks

Treesearch

Kyle J. Haynes; Andrew M. Liebhold; Ottar N. Bjørnstad; Andrew J. Allstadt; Randall S. Morin

2018-01-01

Evaluating the causes of spatial synchrony in population dynamics in nature is notoriously difficult due to a lack of data and appropriate statistical methods. Here, we use a recently developed method, a multivariate extension of the local indicators of spatial autocorrelation statistic, to map geographic variation in the synchrony of gypsy moth outbreaks. Regression...

Simulated impacts of insect defoliation on forest carbon dynamics

Treesearch

D. Medvigy; K.L. Clark; N.S. Skowronski; K.V.R. Schäfer

2012-01-01

Many temperate and boreal forests are subject to insect epidemics. In the eastern US, over 41 million meters squared of tree basal area are thought to be at risk of gypsy moth defoliation. However, the decadal-to-century scale implications of defoliation events for ecosystem carbon dynamics are not well understood. In this study, the effects of defoliation intensity,...

Mapping host-species abundance of three major exotic forest pests

Treesearch

Randall S. Morin; Andrew M. Liebhold; Eugene R. Luzader; Andrew J. Lister; Kurt W. Gottschalk; Daniel B. Twardus

2005-01-01

Periodically over the last century, forests of the Eastern United States devastated by invasive pests. We used existing data to predict the geographical extent of future damage from beech bark disease (BBD), hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), and gypsy moth. The distributions of host species of these alien pests were mapped in 1-km2 cells by interpolating host basal area/ha...

Estimating spread rates of non-native species: the gypsy moth as a case study

Treesearch

Patrick Tobin; Andrew M. Liebhold; E. Anderson Roberts; Laura M. Blackburn

2015-01-01

Estimating rates of spread and generating projections of future range expansion for invasive alien species is a key process in the development of management guidelines and policy. Critical needs to estimate spread rates include the availability of surveys to characterize the spatial distribution of an invading species and the application of analytical methods to...

Harvesting productivity and disturbance estimates of three silvicultural prescriptions in eastern Kentucky

Treesearch

Jason D. Thompson; Bob Rummer; Callie J. Schweitzer

2009-01-01

A large scale silvicultural assessment designed to examine the effectiveness of four treatments in reducing the impacts of gypsy moth infestation and oak decline was implemented on the Daniel Boone National Forest in eastern Kentucky. The study was funded through the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003. The goal of the treatments was to improve the health and vigor...

A general Landsat model to predict canopy defoliation in broadleaf deciduous forests

Treesearch

Phillip A. Townsend; Aditya Singh; Jane R. Foster; Nathan J. Rehberg; Clayton C. Kindon; Keith N. Eshleman; Steven W. Seagle

2012-01-01

Defoliation by insect herbivores can be a persistent disturbance affecting ecosystem functioning. We developed an approach to map canopy defoliation due to gypsy moth based on site differences in Landsat vegetation index values between non-defoliation and defoliation dates. Using field data from two study areas in the U.S. central Appalachians and five different years...

The effects of gypsy moth infestation on gray squirrel habitat and populations

Treesearch

David E. Samuel; Rob Silvester

1991-01-01

The overall objective of this project was to determine the effects of defoliation on gray squirrel habitat. We will evaluate the existing Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) Model for gray squirrels on the University Forest and determine the effects of thinning on HSI values computed for thinned and unthinned stands. Habitat variables used in the U. S. Fish and Wildlife...

Oak silviculture, management, and defoliation effects in France and Germany

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk

1993-01-01

A study tour of four areas of France and Germany (two in each country) was conducted to examine oak silvicultural and managerial practices and the influence of insect defoliators on the ecology and management of oak forests. The French and German situations may provide useful information for managing oak forests and gypsy moth in the United States, especially the...

Weather, distance, synchrony and mate-finding success in Lymantria dispar

Treesearch

D. R. Lance; A. Liebhold; V. C. Mastro

2007-01-01

Mark-recapture experiments were run from 2002 to 2004 to assess factors that influence capture of male gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), in traps baited with (+)-disparlure. Two plot designs were used. One was a center-release design: six and twelve traps were evenly spaced along two concentric circles with radii of 40 and 80 m, respectively, and...

A model for the optimization of the detection and eradication of isolated gypsy moth colonies

Treesearch

Tiffany L. Bogich; Andrew Liebhold; Katriona Shea

2007-01-01

Biological invasions of pest species pose a threat to the stability of ecosystems, both natural and managed (Liebhold et al. 1995, Shogren and Tschirhart 2005). Considerable effort is expended by national and local governments on excluding alien species via detection and eradication of invading populations, but these efforts are not necessarily designed in the most...

Impact of deletion of the Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus PEP gene on viral potency: expression of the green fluorescent protein prevents larval liquefaction

Treesearch

David S. Bischoff; James M. Slavicek

1999-01-01

The Lymantria dispar multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) is an effective biological control agent of the gypsy moth, L. dispar, but is not in general use because the high cost of production limits availability. In an effort to generate a more cost efficient LdMNPV biopesticide, two...

Integrated pest management and the pear thrips

Treesearch

James C. Space

1991-01-01

Although it is a pleasure to be here, our primary reason for being here is far from pleasant. During the last ten years, we have had serious problems with the gypsy moth, western spruce budworm, southern pine beetle, mountain pine beetle, fusiform rust and root diseases and the worst spruce budworm epidemic ever recorded. Just when these outbreaks have largely subsided...

Predicted effects of gypsy moth defoliation and climate change on forest carbon dynamics in the New Jersey Pine Barrens

Treesearch

Alec M. Kretchun; Robert M. Scheller; Melissa S. Lucash; Kenneth L. Clark; John Hom; Steve Van Tuyl; Michael L. Fine

2014-01-01

Disturbance regimes within temperate forests can significantly impact carbon cycling. Additionally, projected climate change in combination with multiple, interacting disturbance effects may disrupt the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks at large spatial and temporal scales. We used a spatially explicit forest succession and disturbance model, LANDIS-II, to...

Knowledge-based geographic information systems on the Macintosh computer: a component of the GypsES project

Treesearch

Gregory Elmes; Thomas Millette; Charles B. Yuill

1991-01-01

GypsES, a decision-support and expert system for the management of Gypsy Moth addresses five related research problems in a modular, computer-based project. The modules are hazard rating, monitoring, prediction, treatment decision and treatment implementation. One common component is a geographic information system designed to function intelligently. We refer to this...

Regeneration in defoliated and thinned hardwood stands of north-central West Virginia

Treesearch

R. M. Muzika; M. J. Twery

1995-01-01

Overstory species regeneration was examined in 1989, prior to gypsy moth defoliation and thinnings, on 16 stands in the West Virginia University Forest. Three stands were thinned and defoliated while five were thinned only and three were defoliated only. Five stands were neither thinned nor defoliated. Data were collected from these stands for three years subsequent to...

Effects of invasive insects and fire on energy exchange and evapotranspiration in the New Jersey pine lands

Treesearch

Kenneth L. Clark; Nicholas Skowronski; Michael Gallagher; Hedi Renninger; Karina Schafer

2012-01-01

We used eddy covariance and meteorological measurements to quantify energy exchange and evapotranspiration (Et) in three representative upland forest stands in the New Jersey Pinelands that were either defoliated by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) or burned in prescribed fires during the study period. Latent (λE) and sensible heat (H)...

Modification of a pollen trap design to capture airborne conidia of Entomophaga maimaiga and detection of conidia by quantitative PCR

Treesearch

Tonya D. Bittner; Ann E. Hajek; Andrew M. Liebhold; Harold Thistle; Dan Cullen

2017-01-01

The goal of this study was to develop effective and practical field sampling methods for quantification of aerial deposition of airborne conidia of Entomophaga maimaiga over space and time. This important fungal pathogen is a major cause of larval death in invasive gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations in the United States...

Using silviculture to sustain upland oak forests under stress on the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky

Treesearch

Callie Jo Schweitzer; Kurt W. Gottschalk; Jeff W. Stringer; Stacy L. Clark; David L. Loftis

2011-01-01

We used a large-scale silvicultural assessment designed to examine the efficacy of five stand-level prescriptions in reducing the potential impacts of gypsy moth infestations and oak decline on upland hardwood forests in Kentucky's Daniel Boone National Forest. Prescriptions involved a mix of intermediate stand treatments aimed at increasing residual tree vigor...

Development of a sampling system for Armillaria rhizomorphs in mixed oak stands: a progress report

Treesearch

Mark J. Twery; Philip M. Wargo

1991-01-01

The assessment of the problems caused by gypsy moth is dependent on a number of characteristics of a forest stand. One of the main impacts of defoliation is the mortality of standing trees. Mortality is seldom caused directly by defoliation, but is usually associated with a secondary agent which attacks the tree in its weakened condition.

Hydrological responses to defoliation and drought of an upland oak/pine forest

Treesearch

K.V.R. Schäfer; H.J. Renninger; K.L. Clark; D. Medvigy

2014-01-01

Hydrologic variability during 2005-2011 was observed and analyzed at an upland oak/pine forest in the New Jersey Pinelands. The forest experienced defoliation by Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in 2007, drought conditions in 2006 and a more severe drought in 2010. By using sap flux and eddy covariance measurements, stream discharge data from USGS,...

Site disturbance and soil impacts resulting from mechanized thinning of upland hardwood stands in Southeastern Kentucky

Treesearch

Jason Thompson; Emily Carter

2015-01-01

A large scale silvicultural trial was designed to examine the effectiveness of five treatments in reducing the potential future impacts of gypsy moth infestation and oak decline on upland hardwood forests in the Daniel Boone National Forest in southeastern Kentucky. Three of the five prescriptions were implemented with a mechanical harvesting system. The system...

A comparison of the adaptations of strains of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus to hosts from spatially isolated populations

Treesearch

V.V. Martemyanov; J.D. Podgwaite; I.A. Belousova; S.V. Pavlushin; J.M. Slavicek; O.A. Baturina; M.R. Kabilov; A.V. Ilyinykh

2017-01-01

The adaptation of pathogens to either their hosts or to environmental conditions is the focus of many current ecological studies. In this work we compared the ability of six spatially-distant Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) strains (three from eastern North America and three from central Asia) to induce acute...

Defoliation and oak mortality in Southern New England

Treesearch

Jeffrey S. Ward

2007-01-01

Crown class and diameter of 4088 upland oaks have been monitored at 10-year intervals since 1927. Plots had three episodes of moderate to heavy defoliation: 1961-1964, 1971-1972, and 1981. Primary defoliators were gypsy moth, canker worm, and elm spanworm. Mortality peaked during the period of 1957-1967 when there were three years of defoliation. Mortality was higher...

[Phenotypic and genetic characterization of nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae from the natural populations of Western Siberia].

PubMed

Bakhvalov, S A; Bakhvalova, V N; Martem'ianov, V V; Morozova, O V

2010-01-01

Six nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) isolates have been isolated from dead larvae of gypsy moth in Western Siberia. Heterogeneity of virulence and reproduction activity was revealed for the NPV isolated by bioassay with Lymantria dispar L. larvae. The findings may suggest phenotypic variation of the NPV isolates. No correlation was found between virulence and reproductive activity with the only exception--the isolate Karassuk with a high virulence and a high reproductive activity. Nucleotide sequences of PCR products with primers specific to the polyhedrin gene were determined for NPV isolated Karassuk and Tatarskyi with the maximum and minimal virulence, respectively. Alignment of the nucleotide sequences demonstrated a high homology of the study polyhedrin gene fragment between NPV Western-Siberian isolates and NPV strains from the USA with two point mutations. The mutations were identical for the NPV isolated from Russia but were different from the known structures of the polyhedrin gene of the American strains. The only one from two found mutations resulted in amino acid substitution in polyhedrin protein. Consequently, the structure of both polyhedrin and encoded protein did not influence on the NPV virulence and reproductive activity.

BRIC-60: Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC)-60

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richards, Stephanie E. (Compiler); Levine, Howard G.; Romero, Vergel

2016-01-01

The Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) is an anodized-aluminum cylinder used to provide passive stowage for investigations evaluating the effects of space flight on small organisms. Specimens flown in the BRIC 60 mm petri dish (BRIC-60) hardware include Lycoperscion esculentum (tomato), Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), Glycine max (soybean) seedlings, Physarum polycephalum (slime mold) cells, Pothetria dispar (gypsy moth) eggs and Ceratodon purpureus (moss).

Interactive effects of resource availabilities and defoliation on photosynthesis, growth, and mortality of red oak seedlings

Treesearch

James B. McGraw; Kurt W. Gottschalk; Milan C. Vavrek; A.L. Chester

1990-01-01

Responses of forest trees to defoliation by insects such as gypsy moth vary greatly from site to site and from individual to individual. To determine whether some of this variation could be explained by variation in other stress factors, red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings were exposed to low and high light, water, mineral nutrient, and defoliation...

Growth of newly established alien populations: comparison of North American gypsy moth colonies with invasion theory

Treesearch

Andrew M. Liebhold; Patrick C. Tobin

2006-01-01

A common characteristic observed in many biological invasions is the existence of a lag between the time of arrival by the alien population and the time when established populations are noticed. Considerable advances have been made in modeling the expansion of invading species, and there is often remarkable congruence between the behavior of these models with spread of...

An exotic pest threat to eastern hemlock: an initiative for management of hemlock woolly adelgid

Treesearch

J. Robert Bridges; Kathleen S. Shields

2003-01-01

Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) is the greatest threat to the health and sustainability of hemlock in eastern North America. The potential ecological impacts of this exotic insect pest can be compared to those of gypsy moth, Dutch elm disease, and chestnut blight. The USDA Forest Service, with the support and cooperation of the National Association of State Foresters and...

Emerging hardwood pest problems and implications for the Central Hardwood region

Treesearch

Bruce D. Moltzan

2003-01-01

Over the last 100 years of human action there has been a correlated increase in the movement of insects and disease to the new world. Chestnut Blight, Dutch Elm Disease, Gypsy Moth, Butternut Canker, and White Pine Blister Rust are stern reminders of historically devastating exotic invasions. Sudden Oak Death, Asian Long-horned Beetle, Oak Wilt, Red Oak Borer, and Oak...

A strain of Serratia marcescens pathogenic for larvae of Lymantria dispar: Infectivity and mechanisms of pathogenicity

Treesearch

J.D. Podgwaite; B.J. Cosenza

1976-01-01

The ED50 of a strain of Serratia marcescens for microinjected instar III and IV gypsy moth larvae was 7.5 and 14.5 viable cells, respectively. Percentage and rate of mortality were found to be highly variable among replicates of the same instar and between instars in free-feeding bioassays. Mortality in second instar larvae...

Temporal analysis and spatial mapping of Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus transcripts and in-vitro translation products

Treesearch

James M. Slavicek; Nancy Hayes-Plazolles

1991-01-01

The Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus LdNPV) is being used as a biopesticide against the gypsy moth. We are attempting to enhance the potency of the LdNPV through recombinant DNA technology. As a prerequisite to genetic manipulation, we have characterized LdNPV gene expression in cell culture through the generation of transcription and...

Recent field studies on the use of Bacillus thuringiensis to control the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.)

Treesearch

Normand R. Dubois

1985-01-01

Efforts to improve the effective use of B. thuringiensis and reduce its application costs has stimulated the development of higher potency formulation. Recent field studies have shown that a single application at 30 BIU/ha (12 BIU/acre) is as effective as the split double application of 20 BIU/ha (8 BIU/acre) formerly recommended. Also results of...

Alien species, agents of global change: ecology and management of the gypsy moth in North America as a case history

Treesearch

Andrew M. Liebhold

2003-01-01

Through out evolutionary history, water and land barriers served to isolate the world's biota into distinct compartments With the advent of greater human mobility and world trade, these barriers are breaking-down and alien species are increasingly being transported into new habitats. Many alien species have had devastating impacts on their environment resulting in...

The effects of defoliation-induced delayed changes in silver birch foliar chemistry on gypsy moth fitness, immune response, and resistance to baculovirus infection.

PubMed

Martemyanov, Vyacheslav V; Dubovskiy, Ivan M; Rantala, Markus J; Salminen, Juha-Pekka; Belousova, Irina A; Pavlushin, Sergey V; Bakhvalov, Stanislav A; Glupov, Victor V

2012-03-01

We tested the effects of defoliation-induced changes in silver birch, Betula pendula, foliar chemistry (delayed induced resistance, DIR) on the fitness and immune defense of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. We measured larval developmental time, pupal weight, rate of survival to the adult stage, and five characteristics of larval immune defense: (1) encapsulation response; (2) phenoloxidase activity; (3) hemocyte concentration and (4) lysozyme-like activity in the hemolymph; and (5) resistance to infection by L. dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). The latter is an entomopathogenic baculovirus that often causes epizootics during outbreaks of L. dispar. We also measured the involvement of foliage non-tannin phenolic compounds in resistance of B. pendula to herbivory as well as the relationship between the compounds we identified and L. dispar development, growth, and survival. Leaves of B. pendula with previous defoliation history contained increased levels of myricetin glycoside, two flavonoid aglycones (acacetin and tetrahydroxy-flavone dimethyl ether), as well as one unidentified simple phenolic. The concentrations of two glycosides of quercetin, as well as the content of one unidentified flavonoid glycoside were significantly decreased under defoliation treatment. DIR of B. pendula retarded larval growth rate and increased lysozyme-like activity in the hemolymph, but did not affect encapsulation response, phenoloxidase activity, or hemocyte count. We did not find any DIR-mediated tritrophic interactions among birch, gypsy moth, and LdMNPV. After viral inoculation, the mean hemocyte counts in larvae reared on an individual tree correlated significantly with the survival of larvae reared on that same tree, indicating that hemocyte density in hemolymph might be associated with resistance to viral infection. We found a strong positive correlation between the concentration of 1-(4″-hydroxyphenyl)-3'-oxopropyl-β-D-glucopyranose and L. dispar survival rate, which may indicate an unlikely role of this dominant non-tannin phenolic in B. pendula defense against L. dispar. Our study also shows that several immune characteristics of insects that function as barriers against different groups of parasites are differently affected by plant induced defenses. This underscores the importance of considering multiple factors when characterizing barriers to insect immunity.

Stream Response to an Extreme Defoliation Event

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gold, A.; Loffredo, J.; Addy, K.; Bernhardt, E. S.; Berdanier, A. B.; Schroth, A. W.; Inamdar, S. P.; Bowden, W. B.

2017-12-01

Extreme climatic events are known to profoundly impact stream flow and stream fluxes. These events can also exert controls on insect outbreaks, which may create marked changes in stream characteristics. The invasive Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) experiences episodic infestations based on extreme climatic conditions within the northeastern U.S. In most years, gypsy moth populations are kept in check by diseases. In 2016 - after successive years of unusually warm, dry spring and summer weather -gypsy moth caterpillars defoliated over half of Rhode Island's 160,000 forested ha. No defoliation of this magnitude had occurred for more than 30 years. We examined one RI headwater stream's response to the defoliation event in 2016 compared with comparable data in 2014 and 2015. Stream temperature and flow was gauged continuously by USGS and dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured with a YSI EXO2 sonde every 30 minutes during a series of deployments in the spring, summer and fall from 2014-2016. We used the single station, open channel method to estimate stream metabolism metrics. We also assessed local climate and stream temperature data from 2009-2016. We observed changes in stream responses during the defoliation event that suggest changes in ET, solar radiation and heat flux. Although the summer of 2016 had more drought stress (PDSI) than previous years, stream flow occurred throughout the summer, in contrast to several years with lower drought stress when stream flow ceased. Air temperature in 2016 was similar to prior years, but stream temperature was substantially higher than the prior seven years, likely due to the loss of canopy shading. DO declined dramatically in 2016 compared to prior years - more than the rising stream temperatures would indicate. Gross Primary Productivity was significantly higher during the year of the defoliation, indicating more total fixation of inorganic carbon from photo-autotrophs. In 2016, Ecosystem Respiration was also higher and Net Ecosystem Productivity indicated it is a heterotrophic stream. Extreme events and fluctuations in climate patterns in the region are expected to increase suggesting that further work on the effects of insect defoliation on forested streams is warranted.

Towards a global barcode library for Lymantria (Lepidoptera: Lymantriinae) tussock moths of biosecurity concern.

PubMed

deWaard, Jeremy R; Mitchell, Andrew; Keena, Melody A; Gopurenko, David; Boykin, Laura M; Armstrong, Karen F; Pogue, Michael G; Lima, Joao; Floyd, Robin; Hanner, Robert H; Humble, Leland M

2010-12-09

Detecting and controlling the movements of invasive species, such as insect pests, relies upon rapid and accurate species identification in order to initiate containment procedures by the appropriate authorities. Many species in the tussock moth genus Lymantria are significant forestry pests, including the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., and consequently have been a focus for the development of molecular diagnostic tools to assist in identifying species and source populations. In this study we expand the taxonomic and geographic coverage of the DNA barcode reference library, and further test the utility of this diagnostic method, both for species/subspecies assignment and for determination of geographic provenance of populations. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcodes were obtained from 518 individuals and 36 species of Lymantria, including sequences assembled and generated from previous studies, vouchered material in public collections, and intercepted specimens obtained from surveillance programs in Canada. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed, revealing high bootstrap support for 90% of species clusters. Bayesian species assignment was also tested, and resulted in correct assignment to species and subspecies in all instances. The performance of barcoding was also compared against the commonly employed NB restriction digest system (also based on COI); while the latter is informative for discriminating gypsy moth subspecies, COI barcode sequences provide greater resolution and generality by encompassing a greater number of haplotypes across all Lymantria species, none shared between species. This study demonstrates the efficacy of DNA barcodes for diagnosing species of Lymantria and reinforces the view that the approach is an under-utilized resource with substantial potential for biosecurity and surveillance. Biomonitoring agencies currently employing the NB restriction digest system would gather more information by transitioning to the use of DNA barcoding, a change which could be made relatively seamlessly as the same gene region underlies both protocols.

Small-mammal abundance at three elevations on a mountain in central Vermont, USA: a sixteen-year record

Treesearch

Robert T. Brooks; Harvey R. Smith; William M. Healy

1998-01-01

As part of a study of forest resilience to gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) defoliation, small mammals were sampled with live (box) and pitfall traps for 16 years at three elevations on a mountain in west-central Vermont, USA. The more mesic, lowerslope location had the most diverse small-mammal community. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were the most commonly...

Female Flight Propensity and Capability in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) from Russia, North America, and Their Reciprocal F1 Hybrids

Treesearch

M.A. Keena

2001-01-01

In the laboratory, the timing of both preflight and flight behaviors of the Asian strain of female gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., was regulated primarily by light intensity. The shortest times to initiation of wing fanning and flight occurred at 0.1 lux, the lowest light intensity evaluated. A gradual decrease in light intensity, compared with an instantaneous...

The ORSER LANDSAT Data Base of Pennsylvania

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turner, B. J.; Williams, D. L.

1982-01-01

A mosaicked LANDSAT data base for Pennsylvania, installed at the computation center of the Pennsylvania State University is described. Initially constructed by Penn State's Office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (ORSER) for the purpose of assisting in state-wide mapping of gypsy moth defoliation, the data base will be available to a variety of potential users. It will provide geometrically correct LANDSAT data accessible by political, jurisdictional, or arbitrary boundaries.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The bibliography contains citations concerning the use of biological agents to control insects and pests. Radiation, genetic breeding, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and pheromones are discussed as alternatives to pesticidal management. Methods for monitoring the effectiveness and environmental impact of these agents are reviewed. Population control of fruit flies, spruce sawflies, flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, gypsy moths, and other agriculturally-important insects is also discussed. (Contains a minimum of 190 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)

Preoutbreak dynamics of a recently established invasive herbivore: roles of natural enemies and habitat structure in stage-specific performance of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in northeastern Wisconsin

Treesearch

Rebecca Hoffman Gray; Craig G. Lorimer; Patrick C. Tobin; Kenneth F. Raffa

2008-01-01

A major challenge to addressing biological invasions is that the need for emergency responses often precludes opportunities to analyze the dynamics between initial establishment and population eruption. Thus, a broader understanding of underlying processes and management opportunities is often lacking. We examined the effects of habitat structure and natural enemies on...

Impacts of insect disturbance on the structure, composition, and functioning of oak-pine forests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medvigy, D.; Schafer, K. V.; Clark, K. L.

2011-12-01

Episodic disturbance is an essential feature of terrestrial ecosystems, and strongly modulates their structure, composition, and functioning. However, dynamic global vegetation models that are commonly used to make ecosystem and terrestrial carbon budget predictions rarely have an explicit representation of disturbance. One reason why disturbance is seldom included is that disturbance tends to operate on spatial scales that are much smaller than typical model resolutions. In response to this problem, the Ecosystem Demography model 2 (ED2) was developed as a way of tracking the fine-scale heterogeneity arising from disturbances. In this study, we used ED2 to simulate an oak-pine forest that experiences episodic defoliation by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L). The model was carefully calibrated against site-level data, and then used to simulate changes in ecosystem composition, structure, and functioning on century time scales. Compared to simulations that include gypsy moth defoliation, we show that simulations that ignore defoliation events lead to much larger ecosystem carbon stores and a larger fraction of deciduous trees relative to evergreen trees. Furthermore, we find that it is essential to preserve the fine-scale nature of the disturbance. Attempts to "smooth out" the defoliation event over an entire grid cells led to large biases in ecosystem structure and functioning.

Census of the bacterial community of the gypsy moth larval midgut by using culturing and culture-independent methods.

PubMed

Broderick, Nichole A; Raffa, Kenneth F; Goodman, Robert M; Handelsman, Jo

2004-01-01

Little is known about bacteria associated with Lepidoptera, the large group of mostly phytophagous insects comprising the moths and butterflies. We inventoried the larval midgut bacteria of a polyphagous foliivore, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), whose gut is highly alkaline, by using traditional culturing and culture-independent methods. We also examined the effects of diet on microbial composition. Analysis of individual third-instar larvae revealed a high degree of similarity of microbial composition among insects fed on the same diet. DNA sequence analysis indicated that most of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes belong to the gamma-Proteobacteria and low G+C gram-positive divisions and that the cultured members represented more than half of the phylotypes identified. Less frequently detected taxa included members of the alpha-Proteobacterium, Actinobacterium, and Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteroides divisions. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from 7 of the 15 cultured organisms and 8 of the 9 sequences identified by PCR amplification diverged from previously reported bacterial sequences. The microbial composition of midguts differed substantially among larvae feeding on a sterilized artificial diet, aspen, larch, white oak, or willow. 16S rRNA analysis of cultured isolates indicated that an Enterococcus species and culture-independent analysis indicated that an Entbacter sp. were both present in all larvae, regardless of the feeding substrate; the sequences of these two phylotypes varied less than 1% among individual insects. These results provide the first comprehensive description of the microbial diversity of a lepidopteran midgut and demonstrate that the plant species in the diet influences the composition of the gut bacterial community.

Comparison of the Hatch of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Eggs from Russia and the United States After Exposure to Different Temperatures and Durations of Low Temperature

Treesearch

Melody A. Keena

1996-01-01

Comparisons are made of the effects of temperature and duration of low temperature on egg hatch of North American and Russian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar), under controlled laboratory conditions. Percentage of hatch of embryonated eggs, days to 1st hatch after incubation at warm temperature and temperal distribution of hatch are used to compare hatch of different...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The bibliography contains citations concerning the use of biological agents to control insects and pests. Radiation, genetic breeding, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and pheromones are discussed as alternatives to pesticidal management. Methods for monitoring the effectiveness and environmental impact of these agents are reviewed. Population control of fruit flies, spruce sawflies, flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, gypsy moths, and other agriculturally-important insects is also discussed. (Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)

Neurophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Gypsy Moth Larvae to Insect Repellents: DEET, IR3535, and Picaridin

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-23

fever mosquito Aedes aegypti [7] have a gustatory receptor neuron (GRN) housed within the labellar sensilla sensitive to DEET (D. melanogaster) and two...mosquito repellents against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Med Vet Entomol 41: 726–730. 6... Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in laboratory assays. Med Vet Entomol 20: 288–293. 7. Sanford JL, Shields VDC, Dickens JC (2013) Gustatory receptor neuron

Legacy of a Pest. A Science, Technology, and Society Curriculum Guide for Understanding and Dealing with Biological Problems. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Case, Laurie J.; And Others

The gypsy moth, an insect brought from Europe to the United States over a century ago, has become the most serious leaf-feeding forest pest in the eastern United States. This packet of instructional materials tells the teacher how to encourage students to explore a biological problem and its impact on society and the environment. It introduces the…

Proactive restoration: planning, implementation, and early results of silvicultural strategies for increasing resilience against gypsy moth infestation in upland oak forests on the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky

Treesearch

Callie Schweitzer; Stacy L. Clark; Kurt W. Gottschalk; Jeff Stringer; Robbie Sitzlar

2014-01-01

Determining targets in forest restoration is a complicated task that can be facilitated by cooperative partnerships. Too often restoration plans are implemented after adverse events that cause widespread tree mortality, such as drought or insect outbreaks, have occurred. Reactive management precludes the use of preemptive management techniques that can result in more...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The bibliography contains citations concerning control and research regarding gypsy moths or lymantria dispar. Both natural and synthetic controls are discussed, including parasites, viral diseases, fungal diseases, bird predation, bacterial diseases, pheromone trapping, insecticides, and physical and chemical localized protection. Laboratory and field studies on sex pheromones, environmental effects on life cycles, effects of feeding behavior, plant-insect interactions, and other research relating to the control of this forest pest are considered. (Contains 250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)

Insect Outbreaks, Host-Pathogen Interactions, and Induced Plant Defenses

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-30

red oaks increases hydrolyzable tannin concentrations20, an induced defense8 that strongly affects average gypsy-moth infection risk in the...laboratory21. Reassuringly, our JA treatment induced hydrolyzable tannins to the same extent as defoliation in nature8 (Table 1, note that control branches...27.05 ± 1.4 Control 23.36 ± 0.9 19.54 ± 0.9 Table 1: Effects of experimental JA spray and natural defoliation on percent hydrolyzable tannin

A pheromone analogue affects the evaporation rate of (+)-disparlure in Lymantria dispar.

PubMed

Sollai, Giorgia; Murgia, Sergio; Secci, Francesco; Frongia, Angelo; Cerboneschi, Anna; Masala, Carla; Liscia, Anna; Crnjar, Roberto; Solari, Paolo

2014-04-01

The gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. is a widespread pest that causes economic damage to cork oak forests. Females produce the sex pheromone (+)-(7R,8S)-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane, known as (+)-disparlure [(+)D], for long-distance attraction of conspecific males. A (+)D analogue, 2-decyl-1-oxaspiro[2.2]pentane (OXP-01), neither stimulating nor attractive by itself, causes short-time inhibition of male response in a 1:1 blend with (+)D. The authors investigated whether and how the biological activity of the natural pheromone is affected by OXP-01 on a long-time basis (up to 16 days), also by looking at possible physicochemical reciprocal interactions. Blending of (+)D with OXP-01 decreased, under low evaporation rate, the pheromone effectiveness, as assessed by electroantennogram recordings. In male trappings, within the first 24 h, OXP-01 decreased and later enhanced the blend attractiveness, but only under high evaporation rate. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy indicates that quantitative retrieval of (+)D from blend cartridges is higher than for pure pheromone, and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements show that OXP-01 produces, possibly by Van der Waals interactions, a bimolecular entity with pheromone causing retention and lengthening of its attractiveness over time. The biological and physicochemical interactions between (+)D and OXP-01 may provide valuable information for the optimisation of pheromone-based control strategies for gypsy moths. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Endogenous fatty acids in olfactory hairs influence pheromone binding protein structure and function in Lymantria dispar.

PubMed

Nardella, Jason; Terrado, Mailyn; Honson, Nicolette S; Plettner, Erika

2015-08-01

The gypsy moth utilizes a pheromone, (7R,8S)-2-methyl-7,8-epoxyoctadecane, for mate location. The pheromone is detected by sensory hairs (sensilla) on the antennae of adult males. Sensilla contain the dendrites of olfactory neurons bathed in lymph, which contains pheromone binding proteins (PBPs). We have extracted and identified free fatty acids from lymph of sensory hairs, and we demonstrate that these function as endogenous ligands for gypsy moth PBP1 and PBP2. Homology modeling of both PBPs, and docking of fatty acids reveal multiple binding sites: one internal, the others external. Pheromone binding assays suggest that these fatty acids increase PBP-pheromone binding affinity. We show that fatty acid binding causes an increase in α-helix content in the N-terminal domain, but not in the C-terminal peptide of both proteins. The C-terminal peptide was shown to form a α-helix in a hydrophobic, homogeneous environment, but not in the presence of fatty acid micelles. Through partition assays we show that the fatty acids prevent adsorption of the pheromone on hydrophobic surfaces and facilitate pheromone partition into an aqueous phase. We propose that lymph is an emulsion of fatty acids and PBP that influence each other and thereby control the partition equilibria of hydrophobic odorants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A survey of hymenopteran parasitoids of forest macrolepidoptera in the central Appalachians.

PubMed

Petrice, T R; Strazanac, J S; Butler, L

2004-04-01

In 1995 and 1996, we conducted a study of the hymenopteran parasitoids of macrolepidopteran larvae in the George Washington National Forest (GWNF), Augusta County, Virginia, and the Monongahela National Forest (MNF), Pocahontas County, West Virginia. Macrolepidopteran larvae were collected from canopy foliage and from under canvas bands placed around tree boles. A total of 115 macrolepidopteran species and 5,235 individual larvae were reared. Forty-two percent (2,221) of the larvae were gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae). A total of 43 primary and secondary (hyperparasitoid) hymenopteran parasitoid species were reared from 46 macrolepidopteran species. Hymenopteran families represented included Ichneumonidae (23 species), Braconidae (19), Eulophidae (6), Perilampidae (1), and Trigonalidae (1). We reared 41 and 28 parasitoid species from the GWNF and the MNF, respectively, with 19 species reared from both forests. Many parasitoid species were collected infrequently, suggesting that they are relatively rare on the sampled hosts. The introduced species Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) (Braconidae), and Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus) (Eulophidae) were among the most commonly reared parasitoids, the latter reared from native hosts. The four most commonly reared native parasitoids were Meteorus hyphantriae, Riley (Braconidae), Microplitis near hyphantriae (Ashmead) (Braconidae), Aleiodes preclarus Marsh & Shaw, and Euplectrus maculiventris (Westwood) (Eulophidae). A total of 53 new hymenopteran parasitoid-macrolepidopteran host records were documented. Results from this study will be used to evaluate long-term treatment effects of regional applications of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, and the gypsy moth fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper on hymenopteran parasitoids of macrolepidopteran larvae.

The ORSER System for the Analysis of Remotely Sensed Digital Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, W. L.; Turner, B. J.

1981-01-01

The main effort of the University of Pennsylvania's Office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (ORSER) is the processing, analysis, and interpretation of multispectral data, most often supplied by NASA in the form of imagery and digital data. The facilities used for data reduction and image enhancement are described as well as the development of algorithms for producing a computer map showing various environmental and land use characteristics of data points in the analyzed scenes. The application of an (ORSER) capability for statewide monitoring of gypsy moth defoliation is discussed.

Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) consumption and utilization of northern red oak and white oak foliage exposed to simulated acid rain and ozone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cannon, W.N. Jr.

1993-06-01

Two-year-old seedlings of white oak, Quercus alba L., and red oak, Q. rubra L., were exposed to ozone (O[sub 3]) fumigations in four continuously stirred tank reactor chambers in the greenhouse for 8 h/d, 3 d/wk for 6 wk. Fumigation treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CFA) and CFA + 0.15 ppm O[sub 3]. Two simulated rain treatments, pH 4.2 and pH 3.0, of-1.25 cm were applied once each week in rain-simulation chambers. Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), third instars were allowed to feed on leaf disks from treated seedlings for 24 h. Leaf area consumed, food assimilated, weight gain, and relativemore » growth rate (RGR) were examined. Overall, larvae fed white oak foliage consumed more foliage and gained more weight than those fed red oak foliage. Response to the fumigation and rain treatments was different for each oak species. On white oak foliage, larvae consumed significantly less foliage treated with CFA + pH 3.0 rain, but the lowest RGR occurred with the 0.15 ppm O[sub 3] + pH 4.2 rain treatment. The most food assimilated, greatest weight gain, and highest RGR occurred with the CFA + pH 4.2 rain control. Red oak foliage consumed was equivalent for all treatments, but foliage exposed to CFA + pH 3.0 rain resulted in more food assimilated, greater weight gain, and higher RGR for that species.« less

Host specificity of microsporidia pathogenic to the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.): field studies in Slovakia.

PubMed

Solter, Leellen F; Pilarska, Daniela K; McManus, Michael L; Zúbrik, Milan; Patocka, Jan; Huang, Wei-Fone; Novotný, Julius

2010-09-01

Several species of microsporidia are important chronic pathogens of Lymantria dispar in Europe but have never been recovered from North American gypsy moth populations. The major issue for their introduction into North American L. dispar populations is concern about their safety to native non-target insects. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of sympatric non-target Lepidoptera to two species of microsporidia, Nosema lymantriae and Vairimorpha disparis, isolated from European populations of L. dispar and applied in field plots in Slovakia. Application of ultra low volume sprays of the microsporidia maximized coverage of infective spores in a complex natural environment and, thus, exposure of non-target species to the pathogens. Of 653 non-target larvae collected from plots treated with V. disparis in 2002, 18 individual larvae representing nine species in four families were infected. These plots were monitored for two subsequent seasons and V. disparis was not recovered from non-target species. Of 2571 non-target larvae collected in N. lymantriae-treated sites, one larva was found to be infected. Both species of microsporidia, particularly N. lymantriae, appear to have a very narrow host range in the field, even when an inundative technique is used for their introduction. V. disparis infections in L. dispar exceeded 40% of recovered larvae in the treated study sites; infection rates were lower in sites sprayed with N. lymantriae. Several naturally-occurring pathogens were recorded from the non-target species. The most common pathogen, isolated from 21 species in eight families, was a microsporidium in the genus Cystosporogenes. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spatial and temporal distribution of airborne Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki during an aerial spray program for gypsy moth eradication.

PubMed

Teschke, K; Chow, Y; Bartlett, K; Ross, A; van Netten, C

2001-01-01

We measured airborne exposures to the biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) during an aerial spray program to eradicate gypsy moths on the west coast of Canada. We aimed to determine whether staying indoors during spraying reduced exposures, to determine the rate of temporal decay of airborne concentrations, and to determine whether drift occurred outside the spray zone. During spraying, the average culturable airborne Btk concentration measured outdoors within the spray zone was 739 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 of air. Outdoor air concentrations decreased over time, quickly in an initial phase with a half time of 3.3 hr, and then more slowly over the following 9 days, with an overall half-time of about 2.4 days. Inside residences during spraying, average concentrations were initially 2-5 times lower than outdoors, but at 5-6 hr after spraying began, indoor concentrations exceeded those outdoors, with an average of 244 CFU/m3 vs. 77 CFU/m3 outdoors, suggesting that the initial benefits of remaining indoors during spraying may not persist as outside air moves indoors with normal daily activities. There was drift of culturable Btk throughout a 125- to 1,000-meter band outside the spray zone where measurements were made, a consequence of the fine aerosol sizes that remained airborne (count median diameters of 4.3 to 7.2 microm). Btk concentrations outside the spray zone were related to wind speed and direction, but not to distance from the spray zone.

Disproportionate photosynthetic decline and inverse relationship between constitutive and induced volatile emissions upon feeding of Quercus robur leaves by large larvae of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)

PubMed Central

Copolovici, Lucian; Pag, Andreea; Kännaste, Astrid; Bodescu, Adina; Tomescu, Daniel; Copolovici, Dana; Soran, Maria-Loredana; Niinemets, Ülo

2018-01-01

Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L., Lymantriinae) is a major pest of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) forests in Europe, but how its infections scale with foliage physiological characteristics, in particular with photosynthesis rates and emissions of volatile organic compounds has not been studied. Differently from the majority of insect herbivores, large larvae of L. dispar rapidly consume leaf area, and can also bite through tough tissues, including secondary and primary leaf veins. Given the rapid and devastating feeding responses, we hypothesized that infection of Q. robur leaves by L. dispar leads to disproportionate scaling of leaf photosynthesis and constitutive isoprene emissions with damaged leaf area, and to less prominent enhancements of induced volatile release. Leaves with 0% (control) to 50% of leaf area removed by larvae were studied. Across this range of infection severity, all physiological characteristics were quantitatively correlated with the degree of damage, but all these traits changed disproportionately with the degree of damage. The net assimilation rate was reduced by almost 10-fold and constitutive isoprene emissions by more than 7-fold, whereas the emissions of green leaf volatiles, monoterpenes, methyl salicylate and the homoterpene (3E)-4,8-dimethy-1,3,7-nonatriene scaled negatively and almost linearly with net assimilation rate through damage treatments. This study demonstrates that feeding by large insect herbivores disproportionately alters photosynthetic rate and constitutive isoprene emissions. Furthermore, the leaves have a surprisingly large capacity for enhancement of induced emissions even when foliage photosynthetic function is severely impaired. PMID:29367792

Mating Disruption as a Suppression Tactic in Programs Targeting Regulated Lepidopteran Pests in US.

PubMed

Lance, David R; Leonard, Donna S; Mastro, Victor C; Walters, Michelle L

2016-07-01

Mating disruption, the broadcast application of sex-attractant pheromone to reduce the ability of insects to locate mates, has proven to be an effective method for suppressing populations of numerous moth pests. Since the conception of mating disruption, the species-specificity and low toxicity of pheromone applications has led to their consideration for use in area-wide programs to manage invasive moths. Case histories are presented for four such programs where the tactic was used in the United States: Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm), Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth), Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth), and Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth). Use of mating disruption against P. gossypiella and L. botrana was restricted primarily to agricultural areas and relied in part (P. gossypiella) or wholly (L. botrana) on hand-applied dispensers. In those programs, mating disruption was integrated with other suppression tactics and considered an important component of overall efforts that are leading toward eradication of the invasive pests from North America. By contrast, L. dispar and E. postvittana are polyphagous pests, where pheromone formulations have been applied aerially as stand-alone treatments across broad areas, including residential neighborhoods. For L. dispar, mating disruption has been a key component in the program to slow the spread of the infestation of this pest, and the applications generally have been well tolerated by the public. For E. postvittana, public outcry halted the use of aerially applied mating disruption after an initial series of treatments, effectively thwarting an attempt to eradicate this pest from California. Reasons for the discrepancies between these two programs are not entirely clear.

Remote sensing program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitmore, R. A., Jr. (Principal Investigator)

1980-01-01

A syllabus and training materials prepared and used in a series of one-day workshops to introduce modern remote sensing technology to selected groups of professional personnel in Vermont are described. Success in using computer compatible tapes, LANDSAT imagery and aerial photographs is reported for the following applications: (1) mapping defoliation of hardwood forests by tent caterpillar and gypsy moth; (2) differentiating conifer species; (3) mapping ground cover of major lake and pond watersheds; (4) inventorying and locating artificially regenerated conifer forest stands; (5) mapping water quality; (6) ascertaining the boat population to quantify recreational activity on lakes and waterways; and (7) identifying potential aquaculture sites.

Gypsy moth defoliation assessment: Forest defoliation in detectable from satellite imagery. [New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, H. J. (Principal Investigator); Rohde, W. G.

1975-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 imagery obtained over eastern Pennsylvania during July 1973, indicates that forest defoliation is detectable from satellite imagery and correlates well with aerial visual survey data. It now appears that two damage classes (heavy and moderate-light) and areas of no visible defoliation can be detected and mapped from properly prepared false composite imagery. In areas where maple is the dominant species or in areas of small woodlots interspersed with agricultural areas, detection and subsequent mapping is more difficult.

Herbivore-induced blueberry volatiles and intra-plant signaling.

PubMed

Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R

2011-12-18

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are commonly emitted from plants after herbivore attack. These HIPVs are mainly regulated by the defensive plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its volatile derivative methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Over the past 3 decades researchers have documented that HIPVs can repel or attract herbivores, attract the natural enemies of herbivores, and in some cases they can induce or prime plant defenses prior to herbivore attack. In a recent paper, I reported that feeding by gypsy moth caterpillars, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage induce the emissions of volatiles from blueberry plants, albeit differently. In addition, blueberry branches respond to HIPVs emitted from neighboring branches of the same plant by increasing the levels of JA and resistance to herbivores (i.e., direct plant defenses), and by priming volatile emissions (i.e., indirect plant defenses). Similar findings have been reported recently for sagebrush, poplar, and lima beans. Here, I describe a push-pull method for collecting blueberry volatiles induced by herbivore (gypsy moth) feeding, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage. The volatile collection unit consists of a 4 L volatile collection chamber, a 2-piece guillotine, an air delivery system that purifies incoming air, and a vacuum system connected to a trap filled with Super-Q adsorbent to collect volatiles. Volatiles collected in Super-Q traps are eluted with dichloromethane and then separated and quantified using Gas Chromatography (GC). This volatile collection method was used in my study to investigate the volatile response of undamaged branches to exposure to volatiles from herbivore-damaged branches within blueberry plants. These methods are described here. Briefly, undamaged blueberry branches are exposed to HIPVs from neighboring branches within the same plant. Using the same techniques described above, volatiles emitted from branches after exposure to HIPVs are collected and analyzed.

Investigation of forestry resources and other remote sensing data. 1: LANDSAT. 2: Remote sensing of volcanic emissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Birnie, R. W.; Stoiber, R. E. (Principal Investigator)

1983-01-01

Computer classification of LANDSAT data was used for forest type mapping in New England. The ability to classify areas of hardwood, softwood, and mixed tree types was assessed along with determining clearcut regions and gypsy moth defoliation. Applications of the information to forest management and locating potential deer yards were investigated. The principal activities concerned with remote sensing of volcanic emissions centered around the development of remote sensors for SO2 and HCl gas, and their use at appropriate volcanic sites. Two major areas were investigated (Masaya, Nicaragua, and St. Helens, Washington) along with several minor ones.

Monitoring gypsy moth defoliation by applying change detection techniques to Landsat imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, D. L.; Stauffer, M. L.

1978-01-01

The overall objective of a research effort at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center is to develop and evaluate digital image processing techniques that will facilitate the assessment of the intensity and spatial distribution of forest insect damage in Northeastern U.S. forests using remotely sensed data from Landsats 1, 2 and C. Automated change detection techniques are presently being investigated as a method of isolating the areas of change in the forest canopy resulting from pest outbreaks. In order to follow the change detection approach, Landsat scene correction and overlay capabilities are utilized to provide multispectral/multitemporal image files of 'defoliation' and 'nondefoliation' forest stand conditions.

Detecting forest canopy change due to insect activity using Landsat MSS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, R. F.

1983-01-01

Multitemporal Landsat multispectral scanner data were analyzed to test various computer-aided analysis techniques for detecting significant forest canopy alteration. Three data transformations - differencing, ratioing, and a vegetative index difference - were tested to determine which best delineated gypsy moth defoliation. Response surface analyses were conducted to determine optimal threshold levels for the individual transformed bands and band combinations. Results indicate that, of the three transformations investigated, a vegetative index difference (VID) transformation most accurately delineates forest canopy change. Band 5 (0.6 to 0.7 micron ratioed data did nearly as well. However, other single bands and band combinations did not improve upon the band 5 ratio and VID results.

Effects of CO{sub 2} and NO{sub 3}{sup -} availability on deciduous trees: Phytochemistry and insect performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kinney, K.K.; Lindroth, R.L.; Jung, S.M.

1997-01-01

Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO{sub 2} will interact with other environmental factors to influence the physiology and ecology of trees. This research evaluated how plant phytochemical responses to enriched atmospheric CO{sub 2} are affected by the availability of soil nitrate (NO{sub 3}{sup -}) and how these chemical changes alter performance of a tree-feeding folivore. Seedlings of three deciduous tree species were grown in ambient or elevated CO{sub 2} in combination with low or high soil NO{sub 3}{sup -} availability. Lymantria dispar larvae were reared on foliage (aspen and maple). Concentrations of nitrogen and soluble protein decreased, whereas concentrations of starch,more » condensed tannins, and ellagitannins increased, in response to elevated CO{sub 2} and/or low NO{sub 3}{sup -}. Responses of simple carbohydrates and phenolic glycosides were variable absolute (net) changes in foliar C:N ratios were greatest for aspen and least for oak, whereas relative changes were greatest for maple and least for aspen. Elevated CO{sub 2} treatments had little effect on gypsy moth development time, growth rate, or larval mass. Larvae reared on aspen foliage grown under elevated CO{sub 2} exhibited increased consumption but decreased conversion efficiencies. Gypsy moth responses to NO{sub 3}{sup -} were strongly host specific. The magnitude of insect response elicited by resource-mediated shifts in host chemistry will depend on how levels of compounds with specific importance to insect fitness are affected. Relatively few true interactions occured between carbon and nitrogen availability and insect performance. Tree species frequently interacted with CO{sub 2} and/or NO{sub 3}{sup -} availability to affect both parameters. The effects of elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2} on terrestrial plant communities will depend on species composition and soil nutrient availability. 54 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Herbivore-induced Blueberry Volatiles and Intra-plant Signaling

PubMed Central

Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R.

2011-01-01

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are commonly emitted from plants after herbivore attack1,2. These HIPVs are mainly regulated by the defensive plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its volatile derivative methyl jasmonate (MeJA)3,4,5. Over the past 3 decades researchers have documented that HIPVs can repel or attract herbivores, attract the natural enemies of herbivores, and in some cases they can induce or prime plant defenses prior to herbivore attack. In a recent paper6, I reported that feeding by gypsy moth caterpillars, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage induce the emissions of volatiles from blueberry plants, albeit differently. In addition, blueberry branches respond to HIPVs emitted from neighboring branches of the same plant by increasing the levels of JA and resistance to herbivores (i.e., direct plant defenses), and by priming volatile emissions (i.e., indirect plant defenses). Similar findings have been reported recently for sagebrush7, poplar8, and lima beans9.. Here, I describe a push-pull method for collecting blueberry volatiles induced by herbivore (gypsy moth) feeding, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage. The volatile collection unit consists of a 4 L volatile collection chamber, a 2-piece guillotine, an air delivery system that purifies incoming air, and a vacuum system connected to a trap filled with Super-Q adsorbent to collect volatiles5,6,10. Volatiles collected in Super-Q traps are eluted with dichloromethane and then separated and quantified using Gas Chromatography (GC). This volatile collection method was used n my study6 to investigate the volatile response of undamaged branches to exposure to volatiles from herbivore-damaged branches within blueberry plants. These methods are described here. Briefly, undamaged blueberry branches are exposed to HIPVs from neighboring branches within the same plant. Using the same techniques described above, volatiles emitted from branches after exposure to HIPVs are collected and analyzed. PMID:22214939

Effects on fish and wildlife of chemical treatments of large areas

USGS Publications Warehouse

George, J.L.

1959-01-01

Summary: The history of field investigations of the effects of DDT on wildlife is reviewed briefly, from the initial studies in 1945 through the more recent studies of the effects of the large-scale programs for spruce-budworm control and gypsy-moth eradication. DDT dosages and procedures that are recommended for protection of wildlife are reviewed. Effects of aldrin, heptachlor, and toxaphene are discussed in connection with the grasshopper and Mormon cricket control programs. Delayed and indirect effects of chemical treatments are emphasized as an important current problem. Cited in this connection are fish losses in the Yellowstone and Miramichi rivers and losses of wildlife from eating earthworms a year after treatment of the area with DDT. Currently recommended procedures to safeguard wildlife in pesticidal programs are listed.

Role of phermones and kairmones for insect suppression systems and their possible health and environmental impacts.

PubMed Central

Knipling, E F

1976-01-01

Insects produce pheromones as a chemical communication system to facilitate reproduction. These highly active chemical attractants have been synthesized for some of the most important insect pests, including the boll weevil, gypsy moth, codling moth, tobacco budworm, European corn borer, and several bark beetles. While none of the synthetic sex attractants have yet been developed for use in insect control, they offer opportunities for the future both as control agents and to greatly improved insect detection. Investigations are underway on insect trapping systems employing the phermones and on air permeation techniques to disrupt insect reproduction. The pheromones are generally highly species-specific and are not likely to pose hazards to nontarget organisms in the environment. Toxicological studies indicate that they are low in toxicity to mammals, birds, and fish, but adequate toxicological data are necessary before they can be registered for use in insect control. Another new class of compounds called kaironomes has been discovered. These chemicals are involved in the detection of hosts or prey by insect parasites and predators. Kairomones may prove useful in manipulating natural or released biological agents for more effective biological control of insect pests. No information is yet available on the toxicology of these chemicals. PMID:789061

New Remote Sensing Methods for Labeling Disturbance Agents in Appalachian Forests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hughes, M. J.; Hayes, D. J.

2014-12-01

Forests in the eastern United States are species rich and affected by a variety of disturbance agents such as fire, invasive insects, diseases, and storm events. Millions of hectares of forest are disturbed each year, altering the forest carbon sink and changing forest nutrient cycles. The magnitude and direction of these changes, though, can be different for different disturbance agents. For example, trees that burn in severe fire rapidly release stored carbon into the atmosphere whereas standing deadwood from insect attacks decompose slowly while atmospheric carbon is fixed in regenerating vegetation. The diagnosis and attribution of these processes require accurate and reliable estimates of the extent and frequency of different disturbance agents. Here, a new method is presented that classifies disturbance events identified using time-series analysis of Landsat TM imagery. The method exploits information about changes in the canopy heterogeneity as measured by several texture indices within forest patches. Classifiers were trained using data from the US Forest Service Aerial Detection Surveys and currently differentiate between fires, southern pine beetle, gypsy moth, hemlock woolly adelgid, beech bark disease, anthracnose, and storm events. In addition, the classifier returns a value of 'uncertain' when it is unable to make a clear determination, which is currently approximately 10% of identified disturbances. Classification accuracy for the remainder is 81%, though is variable between agents. For example, the classifier performs well in identifying southern pine beetle and gypsy moth affected areas, but poorly in identifying storms. Reliabilities are similar to accuracies for each agent. The results presented are the first yearly, regional-scale estimates of forest disturbance partitioned by disturbance agent. We find good correspondence with previously described patterns of disturbance and distribution, including direct observational evidence of their predicted periodicities over entire ecoregions. Such estimates are vital for forest monitoring and to better understand the role of the dynamic forest carbon sink in order to reduce uncertainty in atmospheric carbon models. Future work must focus on the inclusion of direct anthropogenic changes such as harvest and urbanization.

Heavy metal concentrations of the endoparasitoid Glyptapanteles liparidis bouche (hymenoptera) in contaminated Lymantria dispar L. Larvaie (lepidoptera)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bischof, C.

1995-10-01

The braconid wasp Glyptapanteles liparidis is one of the main parasitoids of the forest pest insect Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) and therefore a regulator of the pest population. The eggs of the endoparasitoid are deposited in early larval stages of the host. The parasitoid larvae develop in the haemolymph of the host and feed exclusively on the nutrients of the haemolymph. Applied metals at the No-observed-effect-concentration level for L. dispar did not affect G. liparidis directly. Instead the parasitoid development is probably influenced by the alteration of the trophic situations within the host due to its metal stress. This studymore » provides information on the metal concentration of the parasitoid larvae shortly before their eclosion from the host. 19 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.« less

Overview of prohibited and permitted plant regulatory listing systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Westbrooks, Randy G.; Tasker, Alan V.

2011-01-01

Pest risk analysis is a process that evaluates the risks involved with a proposed species to help determine whether it should be permitted or denied entry into a country, and how the risks could be managed if it is imported. The prohibited listing approach was developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s in response to outbreaks of plant and animals pests such as foot and mouth disease of livestock, Mediterranean fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann), and Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). Under this approach, selected species of concern are evaluated to determine if they should be regulated for entry. Under the permitted listing approach that was first used on a national level in Australia in the 1990s, all species that are proposed for introduction are assessed to determine if they should be regulated.

Development of a data management front end for use with a LANDSAT based information system. [assessing gypsy moth defoliation damage in Pennsylvania

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turner, B. J. (Principal Investigator)

1982-01-01

A user friendly front end was constructed to facilitate access to the LANDSAT mosaic data base supplied by JPL and to process both LANDSAT and ancillary data. Archieval and retrieval techniques were developed to efficiently handle this data base and make it compatible with requirements of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry. Procedures are ready for: (1) forming the forest/nonforest mask in ORSER compressed map format using GSFC-supplied classification procedures; (2) registering data from a new scene (defoliated) to the mask (which may involve mosaicking if the area encompasses two LANDSAT scenes; (3) producing a masked new data set using the MASK program; (4) analyzing this data set to produce a map showing degrees of defoliation, output on the Versatec plotter; and (5) producing color composite maps by a diazo-type process.

Phenotypic Variation in Overwinter Environmental Transmission of a Baculovirus and the Cost of Virulence.

PubMed

Fleming-Davies, Arietta E; Dwyer, Greg

2015-12-01

A pathogen's ability to persist in the environment is an ecologically important trait, and variation in this trait may promote coexistence of different pathogen strains. We asked whether naturally occurring isolates of the baculovirus that infects gypsy moth larvae varied in their overwinter environmental transmission and whether this variation was consistent with a trade-off or an upper limit to virulence that might promote pathogen diversity. We used experimental manipulations to replicate the natural overwinter infection process, using 16 field-collected isolates. Virus isolates varied substantially in the fraction of larvae infected, leading to differences in overwinter transmission rates. Furthermore, isolates that killed more larvae also had higher rates of early larval death in which no infectious particles were produced, consistent with a cost of high virulence. Our results thus support the existence of a cost that could impose an upper limit to virulence even in a highly virulent pathogen.

Development of a data management front-end for use with a LANDSAT-based information system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turner, B. J.

1982-01-01

The development and implementation of a data management front-end system for use with a LANDSAT based information system that facilitates the processsing of both LANDSAT and ancillary data was examined. The final tasks, reported on here, involved; (1) the implementation of the VICAR image processing software system at Penn State and the development of a user-friendly front-end for this system; (2) the implementation of JPL-developed software based on VICAR, for mosaicking LANDSAT scenes; (3) the creation and storage of a mosiac of 1981 summer LANDSAT data for the entire state of Pennsylvania; (4) demonstrations of the defoliation assessment procedure for Perry and Centre Counties, and presentation of the results at the 1982 National Gypsy Moth Review Meeting, and (5) the training of Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry personnel in the use of the defoliation analysis system.

The prevalence of female obesity in the world and in the Slovak Gypsy women.

PubMed

Dolinska, S; Kudlackova, M; Ginter, E

2007-01-01

Paper is focused (1) on the comparison of some parameters (body height, body weight, blood pressure, BMI values) in Gypsy and non-Gypsy women from eastern and western Slovakia; (2) on the comparison of biochemical parameters in the Gypsy minority and majority of western Slovakia. There is not enough of available reliable data on health status of Slovak Gypsy minority. Gypsy and non-Gypsy women (57 and 56 subjects) from the western region of Slovakia (Zlate Klasy, Gbely) as well as Gypsy and non-Gypsy women (393 and 444 subjects) from the eastern region of Slovakia (Presov region) were investigated. Values of body height, body weight, blood pressure and calculated values of BMI (body mass index) were performed. Biochemical parameters of 269 Gypsies and 346 non-Gypsy persons from western Slovakia were measured. The statistically significant cut-off point was p < 0.05. In all age groups, the BMI values of Gypsy women were higher than those of non-Gypsy women. The occurrence of obesity, overweight, and hypertension was higher in the Gypsy population from both eastern and western regions of Slovakia. In the group of Gypsy minority of western Slovakia, the parameters of metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia--high concentrations of triglycerides, low concentrations of HDL cholesterol, high concentrations of fasting insulin, and high values of insulin resistance) were found to be significantly changed. These findings suggest that the risk of atherogenesis in Gypsy minority has considerably increased and this is caused by unfavourable factors such as an increase in the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, smoking and the deficiency in protective substances leading to dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and diabetes (Fig. 2, Tab. 4, Ref 10). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.

Modeling Optimal Strategies for Finding a Resource-Linked, Windborne Odor Plume: Theories, Robotics, and Biomimetic Lessons from Flying Insects.

PubMed

Bau, Josep; Cardé, Ring T

2015-09-01

Male moths locate females by navigating along her pheromone plume, often flying hundreds of meters en route. As the first male to find a calling female is most apt to be her mate, this can be termed "a race to find the female" and it is assumed to be under strong selective pressure for efficiency and rapidity. Locating a distant, odor-linked resource involves two strategies. The first is to contact the outer envelope of the odor plume. When wind direction is relatively invariant, the plume stretches and then crosswind flights may be favored, although when wind direction shifts over 60°, upwind and downwind paths may be optimal. Alternatively, the path may be random with respect to the direction of wind flow, with periodic changes in direction, as in either Lévy or Random Walks. After first detecting the pheromone, a second strategy follows: moths navigate along the plume by heading upwind when the pheromone is detected, with crosswind casting to re-establish contact if the plume is lost. This orientation path is not straightforward in nature, however, because atmospheric turbulence fragments the plume, thereby creating large odor gaps. Furthermore, a shifting wind direction can lead the responder out of the plume. One way to explore which strategies are optimal for enabling initial contact with the plume and subsequent navigation is through modeling of plumes' dispersal and of insects' flight strategies. Our simulations using the flight characteristics of the male gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) suggest that search strategies similar to Lévy Walks are most apt to result in a high probability of contact with plumes. Although a searching trajectory aimed predominately crosswind performed almost as well as those with a random orientation when wind direction was relatively stable, downwind biased trajectories were least successful. A random orientation with respect to immediate wind flow, as used in our simulations of Lévy and Random Walks, seems optimal both for initial discovery of the plume and likelihood of locating an odor source. In the two available direct field observations, moths adopted a random orientation with respect to concurrent wind direction. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Diflubenzuron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eisler, R.

1992-01-01

Diflubenzuron (1(4chlorophenyl)3(2,6difluorobenzoyl)urea), also known as dimilin, is a potent broad spectrum insect growth regulator that interferes with chitin synthesis at time of molting and is effective in controlling immature stages of insects. Diflubenzuron was approved for domestic use in 1976 to control gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), and in 1979 against the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis). By 1989 this compound was also registered for domestic use against mosquitos, forest Lepidoptera, mushroom flies, and leaf-eating insect pests of citrus, woody ornamentals, vegetables, and fruit. Diflubenzuron seldom persists for more than a few days in soil and water. When used properly in forest management, it is unlikely to be leached into ground water from the application site. Degradation in water and soil is most rapid when small particle formulations are applied; microorganisms are abundant; and at elevated pH, temperature, and organic loading. Chemical and biological processes initially yield 2,6difluorobenzoic acid and 4chlorophenylurea.

Interpretation and mapping of gypsy moth defoilation from ERTS (LANDSAT)-1 temporal composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcmurtry, G. J.; Petersen, G. W. (Principal Investigator); Kowalik, W. S.

1975-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Photointerpretation of temporally composited color Diazo transparencies of ERTS(LANDSAT) images is a practical method for detecting and locating levels of widespread defoliation. ERTS 9 x 9 inch images are essentially orthographic and are produced at a nearly constant 1:1,000,000 scale. This allows direct superposition of scenes for temporal composites. ERTS coverage provides a sweeping 180 km (110 mile) wide view, permitting one interpreter to rapidly delineate defoliation in an area requiring days and weeks of work by aerial surveys or computerized processing. Defoliation boundaries can be located on the images within maximum errors on the order of hundreds of meters. The enhancement process is much less expensive than aerial surveys or computerized processing. Maps produced directly from interpretation are manageable working products. The 18 day periodic coverage of ERTS is not frequent enough to replace aerial survey mapping because defoliation and refoliation move as waves.

Scale-dependent portfolio effects explain growth inflation and volatility reduction in landscape demography

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Population demography is central to fundamental ecology and for predicting range shifts, decline of threatened species, and spread of invasive organisms. There is a mismatch between most demographic work, carried out on few populations and at local scales, and the need to predict dynamics at landscape and regional scales. Inspired by concepts from landscape ecology and Markowitz’s portfolio theory, we develop a landscape portfolio platform to quantify and predict the behavior of multiple populations, scaling up the expectation and variance of the dynamics of an ensemble of populations. We illustrate this framework using a 35-y time series on gypsy moth populations. We demonstrate the demography accumulation curve in which the collective growth of the ensemble depends on the number of local populations included, highlighting a minimum but adequate number of populations for both regional-scale persistence and cross-scale inference. The attainable set of landscape portfolios further suggests tools for regional population management for both threatened and invasive species. PMID:29109261

A common founder mutation in FANCA underlies the world's highest prevalence of Fanconi anemia in Gypsy families from Spain.

PubMed

Callén, Elsa; Casado, José A; Tischkowitz, Marc D; Bueren, Juan A; Creus, Amadeu; Marcos, Ricard; Dasí, Angeles; Estella, Jesús M; Muñoz, Arturo; Ortega, Juan J; de Winter, Johan; Joenje, Hans; Schindler, Detlev; Hanenberg, Helmut; Hodgson, Shirley V; Mathew, Christopher G; Surrallés, Jordi

2005-03-01

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disease characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Here we have identified Spanish Gypsies as the ethnic group with the world's highest prevalence of FA (carrier frequency of 1/64-1/70). DNA sequencing of the FANCA gene in 8 unrelated Spanish Gypsy FA families after retroviral subtyping revealed a homozygous FANCA mutation (295C>T) leading to FANCA truncation and FA pathway disruption. This mutation appeared specific for Spanish Gypsies as it is not found in other Gypsy patients with FA from Hungary, Germany, Slovakia, and Ireland. Haplotype analysis showed that Spanish Gypsy patients all share the same haplotype. Our data thus suggest that the high incidence of FA among Spanish Gypsies is due to an ancestral founder mutation in FANCA that originated in Spain less than 600 years ago. The high carrier frequency makes the Spanish Gypsies a population model to study FA heterozygote mutations in cancer.

The Song of the Other/Public Space as a Learning Environment and Gypsy Musicians in Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozer, Ulas

2013-01-01

This work focuses on both public musical practices of Gypsy musicians who live in the Thracian land lying within the northwest of Turkey, and musical learning that takes place here. I primarily highlight the historic dimensions of the relation between Gypsies and music and emphasized musicianship in the lives of Gypsies as a fundamental class…

"It's because it's cancer, not because you're a Traveller"-exploring lay understanding of cancer in English Romany Gypsy and Irish Traveller communities.

PubMed

Berlin, Jenni; Smith, David; Newton, Paul

2018-06-01

The lay understanding of cancer among English Romany Gypsies and Irish Travellers, has not been studied in depth before. Lay understandings of cancer, and illness in general, varies between different ethnic groups suggesting that procedures that work for one community may not work for another. Therefore, the measures that are in place in the UK to educate and treat people with cancer may not work for the - often hard to reach - Gypsy and Traveller communities. This study explores Gypsies and Travellers lay perceptions of cancer. In collaboration with community interviewers, 18 Gypsies and Travellers were recruited to take part in this study. Data comes from four semi-structured focus groups that were transcribed and thematically analysed using data-driven coding. A lack of trust of the wider society has contributed to some Gypsies and Travellers' health related practices as has the persistence of old customs that negatively influence their health. As a reticence towards seeking outside help often exists, information about cancer is sought from family members. When engaged with cancer services however, Gypsies and Travellers generally feel them to be non-discriminative. Health professionals need to develop a better understanding of Gypsy and Travellers' health beliefs and practices in order to successfully interact with them. Information about cancer has to be delivered in an understandable form and to places where it reaches these communities. Because of historical societal discrimination, including by some health services, engaging with Gypsies and Travellers may require considerably more time and effort. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of a nucleocapsid-like region and of two distinct primer tRNALys,2 binding sites in the endogenous retrovirus Gypsy.

PubMed

Gabus, Caroline; Ivanyi-Nagy, Roland; Depollier, Julien; Bucheton, Alain; Pelisson, Alain; Darlix, Jean-Luc

2006-01-01

Mobile LTR-retroelements comprising retroviruses and LTR-retrotransposons form a large part of eukaryotic genomes. Their mode of replication and abundance favour the notion that they are major actors in eukaryote evolution. The Gypsy retroelement can spread in the germ line of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster via both env-independent and env-dependent processes. Thus, Gypsy is both an active retrotransposon and an infectious retrovirus resembling the gammaretrovirus MuLV. However, unlike gammaretroviruses, the Gypsy Gag structural precursor is not processed into Matrix, Capsid and Nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. In contrast, it has features in common with Gag of the ancient yeast TY1 retroelement. These characteristics of Gypsy make it a very interesting model to study replication of a retroelement at the frontier between ancient retrotransposons and retroviruses. We investigated Gypsy replication using an in vitro model system and transfection of insect cells. Results show that an unstructured domain of Gypsy Gag has all the properties of a retroviral NC. This NC-like peptide forms ribonucleoparticle-like complexes upon binding Gypsy RNA and directs the annealing of primer tRNA(Lys,2) to two distinct primer binding sites (PBS) at the genome 5' and 3' ends. Only the 5' PBS is indispensable for cDNA synthesis in vitro and in Drosophila cells.

Characterization of a nucleocapsid-like region and of two distinct primer tRNALys,2 binding sites in the endogenous retrovirus Gypsy

PubMed Central

Gabus, Caroline; Ivanyi-Nagy, Roland; Depollier, Julien; Bucheton, Alain; Pelisson, Alain; Darlix, Jean-Luc

2006-01-01

Mobile LTR-retroelements comprising retroviruses and LTR-retrotransposons form a large part of eukaryotic genomes. Their mode of replication and abundance favour the notion that they are major actors in eukaryote evolution. The Gypsy retroelement can spread in the germ line of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster via both env-independent and env-dependent processes. Thus, Gypsy is both an active retrotransposon and an infectious retrovirus resembling the gammaretrovirus MuLV. However, unlike gammaretroviruses, the Gypsy Gag structural precursor is not processed into Matrix, Capsid and Nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. In contrast, it has features in common with Gag of the ancient yeast TY1 retroelement. These characteristics of Gypsy make it a very interesting model to study replication of a retroelement at the frontier between ancient retrotransposons and retroviruses. We investigated Gypsy replication using an in vitro model system and transfection of insect cells. Results show that an unstructured domain of Gypsy Gag has all the properties of a retroviral NC. This NC-like peptide forms ribonucleoparticle-like complexes upon binding Gypsy RNA and directs the annealing of primer tRNALys,2 to two distinct primer binding sites (PBS) at the genome 5′ and 3′ ends. Only the 5′ PBS is indispensable for cDNA synthesis in vitro and in Drosophila cells. PMID:17040893

Traveller gypsies and primary care.

PubMed Central

Feder, G

1989-01-01

Traveller gypsies have resided in the British Isles for over 500 years, making them one of our oldest ethnic minorities. They experience widespread prejudice and discrimination from the settled population. In the sphere of health care the marginalization of traveller gypsies has resulted in poor access to services and relative neglect of their health needs. In this paper the health of traveller gypsies is reviewed from the perspective of primary care, and the role of general practitioners in improving health care for this community is discussed. PMID:2560026

In between: gypsy in Drosophila melanogaster reveals new insights into endogenous retrovirus evolution.

PubMed

Touret, Franck; Guiguen, François; Greenland, Timothy; Terzian, Christophe

2014-12-09

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that are able to synthesize a DNA copy of their genome and insert it into a chromosome of the host cell. Sequencing of different eukaryote genomes has revealed the presence of many such endogenous retroviral sequences. The mechanisms by which these retroviral sequences have colonized the genome are still unknown, and the endogenous retrovirus gypsy of Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful experimental model for deciphering this process in vivo. Gypsy is expressed in a layer of somatic cells, and then transferred into the oocyte by an unknown mechanism. This critical step is the start of the endogenization process. Moreover gypsy has been shown to have infectious properties, probably due to its envelope gene acquired from a baculovirus. Recently we have also shown that gypsy maternal transmission is reduced in the presence of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. These studies demonstrate that gypsy is a unique and powerful model for understanding the endogenization of retroviruses.

In between: Gypsy in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals New Insights into Endogenous Retrovirus Evolution

PubMed Central

Touret, Franck; Guiguen, François; Greenland, Timothy; Terzian, Christophe

2014-01-01

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that are able to synthesize a DNA copy of their genome and insert it into a chromosome of the host cell. Sequencing of different eukaryote genomes has revealed the presence of many such endogenous retroviral sequences. The mechanisms by which these retroviral sequences have colonized the genome are still unknown, and the endogenous retrovirus gypsy of Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful experimental model for deciphering this process in vivo. Gypsy is expressed in a layer of somatic cells, and then transferred into the oocyte by an unknown mechanism. This critical step is the start of the endogenization process. Moreover gypsy has been shown to have infectious properties, probably due to its envelope gene acquired from a baculovirus. Recently we have also shown that gypsy maternal transmission is reduced in the presence of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. These studies demonstrate that gypsy is a unique and powerful model for understanding the endogenization of retroviruses. PMID:25502325

Flamenco, a gene controlling the gypsy retrovirus of drosophila melanogaster

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prud`homme, N.; Gans, M.; Masson, M.

1995-02-01

Gypsy is an endogenous retrovirus of Drosophila melanogaster. It is table and does not transpose with detectable frequencies in most Drosophila strains. However, we have characterized unstable strains, known as MG, in which it transposes at high frequency. These stocks contain more copies of gypsy than usual stocks. Transposition results in mutations in several genes such as ovo and cut. They are stable and are due to gypsy insertions. Integrations into the ovo{sup D1} female sterile-dominant mutation result in a null allele of the gene and occurrence of fertile females. This phenomenon, known as the ovo{sup D1} reversion assay, canmore » be used to quantitate gypsy activity. We have shown that the properties of MG strains result from mutation of a host gene that we called flamenco (flam). It has a strict maternal effect on gypsy mobilization: transposition occurs at high frequency only in the germ line of the progeny of females homozygous for mutations of the gene. It is located at position 65.9 (20A1-3) on the X chromosome. The mutant allele present in MG strains is essentially recessive. Flamenco seems to control the infective properties of gypsy. 40 refs., 10 figs., 6 tabs.« less

Proteolytic Processing and Assembly of gag and gag-pol Proteins of TED, a Baculovirus-Associated Retrotransposon of the Gypsy Family

PubMed Central

Hajek, Kathryn L.; Friesen, Paul D.

1998-01-01

TED (transposable element D) is an env-containing member of the gypsy family of retrotransposons that represents a possible retrovirus of invertebrates. This lepidopteran (moth) retroelement contains gag and pol genes that encode proteins capable of forming viruslike particles (VLP) with reverse transcriptase. Since VLP are likely intermediates in TED transposition, we investigated the roles of gag and pol in TED capsid assembly and maturation. By using constructed baculovirus vectors and TED Gag-specific antiserum, we show that the principal translation product of gag (Pr55gag) is cleaved to produce a single VLP structural protein, p37gag. Replacement of Asp436 within the retrovirus-like active site of the pol-encoded protease (PR) abolished Pr55gag cleavage and demonstrated the requirement for PR in capsid processing. As shown by expression of an in-frame fusion of TED gag and pol, PR is derived from the Gag-Pol polyprotein Pr195gag-pol. The PR cleavage site within Pr55gag was mapped to a position near the junction of a basic, nucleocapsid-like domain and a C-terminal acidic domain. Once released by cleavage, the C-terminal fragment was not detected. This acidic fragment was dispensable for VLP assembly, as demonstrated by the formation of VLP by C-terminal Pr55gag truncation proteins and replacement of the acidic domain with a heterologous protein. In contrast, C-terminal deletions that extended into the adjacent nucleocapsid-like domain of Pr55gag abolished VLP recovery and demonstrated that this central region contributes to VLP assembly or stability, or both. Collectively, these data suggest that the single TED protein p37gag provides both capsid and nucleocapsid functions. TED may therefore use a simple processing strategy for VLP assembly and genome packaging. PMID:9765414

Proteolytic processing and assembly of gag and gag-pol proteins of TED, a baculovirus-associated retrotransposon of the gypsy family.

PubMed

Hajek, K L; Friesen, P D

1998-11-01

TED (transposable element D) is an env-containing member of the gypsy family of retrotransposons that represents a possible retrovirus of invertebrates. This lepidopteran (moth) retroelement contains gag and pol genes that encode proteins capable of forming viruslike particles (VLP) with reverse transcriptase. Since VLP are likely intermediates in TED transposition, we investigated the roles of gag and pol in TED capsid assembly and maturation. By using constructed baculovirus vectors and TED Gag-specific antiserum, we show that the principal translation product of gag (Pr55(gag)) is cleaved to produce a single VLP structural protein, p37(gag). Replacement of Asp436 within the retrovirus-like active site of the pol-encoded protease (PR) abolished Pr55(gag) cleavage and demonstrated the requirement for PR in capsid processing. As shown by expression of an in-frame fusion of TED gag and pol, PR is derived from the Gag-Pol polyprotein Pr195(gag-pol). The PR cleavage site within Pr55(gag) was mapped to a position near the junction of a basic, nucleocapsid-like domain and a C-terminal acidic domain. Once released by cleavage, the C-terminal fragment was not detected. This acidic fragment was dispensable for VLP assembly, as demonstrated by the formation of VLP by C-terminal Pr55(gag) truncation proteins and replacement of the acidic domain with a heterologous protein. In contrast, C-terminal deletions that extended into the adjacent nucleocapsid-like domain of Pr55(gag) abolished VLP recovery and demonstrated that this central region contributes to VLP assembly or stability, or both. Collectively, these data suggest that the single TED protein p37(gag) provides both capsid and nucleocapsid functions. TED may therefore use a simple processing strategy for VLP assembly and genome packaging.

Gypsy Children, Space, and the School Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levinson, Martin P.; Sparkes, Andrew C.

2005-01-01

This article draws on data generated from a 3-1/2-year ethnographic study of the interface between Gypsy culture and the educational system in England. The evidence suggests that Gypsy children have distinctive spatial orientations that are embedded in their own culture and life experience. These relate to issues revolving around degrees of…

Marginal Groups in Marginal Times: Gypsy and Traveller Parents and Home Education in England, UK

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhopal, Kalwant; Myers, Martin

2016-01-01

This article examines the experiences of home education for Gypsy and Traveller groups in England, UK. We argue that home education is perceived in a particular historical "moment" characterised in the media and more generally throughout society by "risk". Against this backdrop this article considers Gypsy and Traveller…

Gypsy Students in the UK: The Impact of 'Mobility' on Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Martin

2018-01-01

This paper argues that Gypsy students in primary and secondary education in the UK are marginalised because of ambiguous understandings of their 'mobility'. Drawing on research conducted on the south coast of England, it examines Gypsy families' experiences of education. Despite often describing their identity in relation to travelling or…

In the Driver's Seat

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanistreet, Paul

2005-01-01

In this article, the author reports on a unique project which is helping members of gypsy and traveller communities to pass their driving theory test, and, in the process, to improve their literacy skills. The Sheffield Gypsy Traveller Support Group is a centre offering a wide range of specialist services to gypsies and travellers, from welfare…

'Caravan wives' and 'decent girls': Gypsy-Traveller women's perceptions of gender, culture and morality in the North of England.

PubMed

Casey, Rionach

2014-01-01

This paper examines the beliefs and practices that constitute gender among Gypsy-Traveller women and then attempts to discern the consequences that flow from these. It analyses gender ideology and expectations among women and the shared investment in the moral identity attached to being a good Gypsy-Traveller wife. The paper argues that 'Gypsy-Traveller woman' cannot be understood as an identity that stands apart from gender and racial oppression. It is within this context that the tension between change and permanence in gender relations is played out. It argues that the maintenance of cultural taboos embodied and symbolised in the surveillance of womens' bodies is an important issue that problematises the construction of Gypsy-Traveller women. It posits that the appeal to morality may represent as much an avoidance of anxiety as a defence of marked gendered divisions within Gypsy-Traveller society. The paper suggests that the demands of cultural survival play a significant role in framing the degree to which women are willing or able to challenge the status quo.

H1 tau haplotype-related genomic variation at 17q21.3 as an Asian heritage of the European Gypsy population.

PubMed

Almos, P Z; Horváth, S; Czibula, A; Raskó, I; Sipos, B; Bihari, P; Béres, J; Juhász, A; Janka, Z; Kálmán, J

2008-11-01

In this study, we examine the frequency of a 900 kb inversion at 17q21.3 in the Gypsy and Caucasian populations of Hungary, which may reflect the Asian origin of Gypsy populations. Of the two haplotypes (H1 and H2), H2 is thought to be exclusively of Caucasian origin, and its occurrence in other racial groups is likely to reflect admixture. In our sample, the H1 haplotype was significantly more frequent in the Gypsy population (89.8 vs 75.5%, P<0.001) and was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (P=0.017). The 17q21.3 region includes the gene of microtubule-associated protein tau, and this result might imply higher sensitivity to H1 haplotype-related multifactorial tauopathies among Gypsies.

Interaction between a pair of gypsy insulators or between heterologous gypsy and Wari insulators modulates Flp site-specific recombination in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Krivega, Margarita; Savitskaya, Ekaterina; Krivega, Ivan; Karakozova, Marina; Parshikov, Aleksander; Golovnin, Anton; Georgiev, Pavel

2010-08-01

Chromatin insulators block the action of transcriptional enhancers when interposed between an enhancer and a promoter. An Flp technology was used to examine interactions between Drosophila gypsy and Wari insulators in somatic and germ cells. The gypsy insulator consists of 12 binding sites for the Su(Hw) protein, while the endogenous Wari insulator, located on the 3' side of the white gene, is independent from the Su(Hw) protein. Insertion of the gypsy but not Wari insulator between FRT sites strongly blocks recombination between Flp dimers bound to FRT sites located on the same chromatid (recombination in cis) or in sister chromatids (unequal recombination in trans). At the same time, the interaction between Wari and gypsy insulators regulates the efficiency of Flp-mediated recombination. Thus, insulators may have a role in controlling interactions between distantly located protein complexes (not only those involved in transcriptional gene regulation) on the same chromosome or on sister chromatids in somatic and germ cells. We have also found that the frequency of Flp-mediated recombination between FRT sites is strongly dependent on the relative orientation of gypsy insulators. Taken together, our results indicate that the interactions between insulators can be visualized by Flp technology and that insulators may be involved in blocking undesirable interactions between proteins at the two-chromatid phase of the cell cycle.

Promoting Gypsy Children's Behavioural Engagement and School Success: Evidence from a Four-Wave Longitudinal Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosário, Pedro; Núñez, José Carlos; Vallejo, Guillermo; Azevedo, Raquel; Pereira, Raquel; Moreira, Tânia; Fuentes, Sonia; Valle, Antonio

2017-01-01

Low schooling, high non-attendance and school dropout rates are critical phenomena within disadvantaged groups, especially among the Gypsy community. For example, in the UK, 10%-25% of Gypsy children do not attend school regularly and have significantly higher levels of overall absence from school (percentage of half-day sessions missed) than…

At the Crossroads: Gypsy and Traveller Parents' Perceptions of Education, Protection and Social Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Martin; McGhee, Derek; Bhopal, Kalwant

2010-01-01

This article uses empirical data gathered during a pilot study funded by a local education authority to consider Gypsy and Traveller parents' perceptions of education. It examines the changing role of education within the lives of Gypsy and Traveller parents and children reflecting changing social circumstances, in particular how many parents now…

Conflicting Value Systems: Gypsy Females and the Home-School Interface

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levinson, Martin P.; Sparkes, Andrew C.

2006-01-01

Drawing on data from a three-year ethnographic study of Gypsy life in England, this article explores the experience and attitudes of Gypsy women regarding the home-school interface. Specific attention is given to the following: role expectations in the different contexts; changing perceptions of role in the face of economic and social change; the…