46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55... AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer; or any other law enforcement officer authorized to...

46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55... AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer; or any other law enforcement officer authorized to...

46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55... AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer; or any other law enforcement officer authorized to...

46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55... AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer; or any other law enforcement officer authorized to...

20 CFR 401.155 - Law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Law enforcement purposes. 401.155 Section 401... INFORMATION Disclosure of Official Records and Information § 401.155 Law enforcement purposes. (a) General. The Privacy Act allows us to disclose information for law enforcement purposes under certain...

49 CFR 1544.217 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement personnel. 1544.217 Section 1544... AND COMMERCIAL OPERATORS Operations § 1544.217 Law enforcement personnel. (a) The following applies to... for law enforcement personnel meeting the qualifications and standards specified in §§ 1542.215 and...

45 CFR 164.412 - Law enforcement delay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement delay. 164.412 Section 164.412 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED... § 164.412 Law enforcement delay. If a law enforcement official states to a covered entity or business...

32 CFR 634.26 - Traffic law enforcement principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Traffic law enforcement principles. 634.26... ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Traffic Supervision § 634.26 Traffic law enforcement principles. (a) Traffic law enforcement should motivate drivers to operate vehicles...

32 CFR 634.26 - Traffic law enforcement principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Traffic law enforcement principles. 634.26... ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Traffic Supervision § 634.26 Traffic law enforcement principles. (a) Traffic law enforcement should motivate drivers to operate vehicles...

49 CFR 1546.211 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement personnel. 1546.211 Section 1546... § 1546.211 Law enforcement personnel. (a) At airports within the United States not governed by part 1542...) When using a screening system required by § 1546.101(a), (b), or (c), provide for law enforcement...

24 CFR 291.520 - Eligible law enforcement officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Eligible law enforcement officers... Neighbor Next Door Sales Program § 291.520 Eligible law enforcement officers. A person qualifies as a law... law enforcement agency of the federal government, a state, a unit of general local government, or an...

25 CFR 11.909 - Law enforcement records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER COURTS OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODE Children's Court § 11.909 Law enforcement records. (a) Law enforcement records and files... minor's parents or guardian, the presenting officer, or others by order of the children's court. ...

Psychiatric Disability in Law Enforcement Officers.

PubMed

Price, Marilyn

2017-03-01

Law enforcement officers all across the world are exposed to violence, confrontation, and traumatic incidents. They regularly witness death and suffering and are at risk of personal injury. Psychiatric sequelae include an increased risk for trauma-related symptoms, depression, alcohol-use disorders, and stress-related medical conditions. Law enforcement officers have been applying for early disability retirement pensions at an increased rate for stress-related psychiatric and medical conditions. As a result, law enforcement agencies are prematurely losing valuable resources, officers with training and experience. Departments have become proactive in trying to address mental health issues to prevent psychiatric disability by implementing employee wellness plans and stress reduction interventions. Programs have been developed to mitigate the effects of stress on law enforcement personnel. Many law enforcement agencies have developed strategies to encourage early confidential referral for psychiatric treatment. They utilize peer support groups and employee assistance programs and develop alliances with mental health professionals. When these approaches fail, a fitness for duty process can be used to identify impairment in work functioning due to psychiatric factors with the prospect of later returning the officer to full duty. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER TRAINING, BASIC COURSE, UNIT II, A UNIT OF THE OHIO LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS' TRAINING PROGRAM, LEARNER'S MANUAL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

REESE, ROBERT M.; AND OTHERS

STUDENTS MAY USE THIS MANUAL IN A LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING PROGRAM FOR INSERVICE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS AND RECRUITS. IT WAS DEVELOPED BY A STATEWIDE COMMITTEE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING CONSULTANTS, SPECIALISTS, AND AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND WAS TESTED BY A SUBJECT MATTER SPECIALIST IN A PILOT-CLASS STUDY. THE PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE…

49 CFR 1542.219 - Supplementing law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Supplementing law enforcement personnel. 1542.219... Operations § 1542.219 Supplementing law enforcement personnel. (a) When TSA decides, after being notified by... private law enforcement personnel are available to carry out the requirements of § 1542.215, TSA may...

29 CFR 553.211 - Law enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Enforcement Employees of Public Agencies Exemption Requirements § 553.211 Law enforcement activities. (a) As... subordinates who are empowered by State statute or local ordinance to enforce laws designed to maintain public... undergone or will undergo on-the-job training and/or a course of instruction and study which typically...

20 CFR 638.805 - Security and law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Security and law enforcement. 638.805 Section... and law enforcement. (a) The Job Corps Director shall provide guidelines to protect the security of... jurisdiction with the appropriate State and locality with respect to criminal law enforcement as long as a...

45 CFR 5.68 - Exemption seven: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exemption seven: Law enforcement. 5.68 Section 5... INFORMATION REGULATIONS Reasons for Withholding Some Records § 5.68 Exemption seven: Law enforcement. We are not required to disclose information or records that the government has compiled for law enforcement...

20 CFR 638.805 - Security and law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Security and law enforcement. 638.805 Section... and law enforcement. (a) The Job Corps Director shall provide guidelines to protect the security of... jurisdiction with the appropriate State and locality with respect to criminal law enforcement as long as a...

Law Enforcement School Programs. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arkansas Safe Schools Initiative Division, 2010

2010-01-01

The school shooting incidents during the decade of the 1990's prompted an increase of law enforcement presence in schools. The School Violence Resource Center (SVRC) at the Criminal Justice Institute (CJI) University of Arkansas System undertook a project to determine what programs law enforcement agencies currently provide in their local schools…

49 CFR 1542.215 - Law enforcement support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement support. 1542.215 Section 1542.215..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.215 Law... program under § 1542.103(a) or (b) must provide: (1) Law enforcement personnel in the number and manner...

46 CFR 4.03-55 - Law enforcement officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Law enforcement officer. 4.03-55 Section 4.03-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC MARINE CASUALTIES AND INVESTIGATIONS Definitions § 4.03-55 Law enforcement officer. Law enforcement officer means a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer...

Law enforcement suicide: a national analysis.

PubMed

Violanti, John M; Robinson, Cynthia F; Shen, Rui

2013-01-01

Previous research suggests that there is an elevated risk of suicide among workers within law enforcement occupations. The present study examined the proportionate mortality for suicide in law enforcement in comparison to the US working population during 1999, 2003-2004, and 2007, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Occupational Mortality Surveillance data. We analyzed data for all law enforcement occupations and focused on two specific law enforcement occupational categories-detectives/criminal investigators/ police and corrections officers. Suicides were also explored by race, gender and ethnicity. The results of the study showed proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for suicide were significantly high for all races and sexes combined (all law enforcement--PMR = 169, 95% CI = 150-191, p < 0.01, 264 deaths; detectives/criminal investigators/police--PMR = 182, 95% CI = 150-218, p < 0.01, 115 deaths; and corrections officers-PMR = 141, 95% CI = 111-178, p < 0.01, 73 deaths). Detectives/criminal investigators/police had the higher suicide risk (an 82% increase) compared to corrections officers (a 41% increase). When analyzed by race and sex, suicide PMRs for Caucasian males were significantly high for both occupations-detectives/ criminal investigators/police (PMR = 133; 95% CI = 108-162, p < 0.01; corrections officers--PMR = 134, 95% CI = 102-173, p < 0.01). A significantly high (PMR = 244, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 147-380) ratio was found among Hispanic males in the law enforcement combined category, and a similarly high PMR was found among Hispanic detectives/criminal investigators/police (PMR = 388, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 168-765). There were small numbers of deaths among female and African American officers. The results included significantly increased risk for suicide among detectives/criminal investigators/police and corrections officers, which suggests that additional study could provide

Anthropometry of Law Enforcement Officers

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-09-10

were obtained in a sur- vey of Air Force women with regard to height, although they tended to underestimate their weight (table 8). Although the...ESTIMATED BODY DIMENSIONS. Measured Height (in) Estimated Difference Law Enforcement Officers Army Men* Air Force Women** 70.04 68.71 63.82 71.07...69.81 64.80 1.03 0.90 0.98 Measured Weight (lb) Estimated Difference Law Enforcement Officers Army Men* Air Force Women** 189.60 159.10

Enforcement of the child passenger protection law

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-10-01

This report describes the Tennessee law enforcement agencies and their role in the enforcement of the child passenger protection law. Chapter I introduces the importance of protecting child passengers in motor vehicles, describes the child passenger ...

GAMING LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROBLEMS,

DTIC Science & Technology

and techniques of gaming as they apply to the study of law enforcement problems in general, and to show how gaming may assist in identifying and overcoming some of the major pitfalls in law enforcement planning. (Author)

Maritime Law Enforcement: A Critical Capability for the Navy?

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

the need for robust maritime security utilizing law enforcement capabilities is in demand. 2. National Concern The significance of nontraditional... utilize their navies for maritime law enforcement.16 So, why does the U.S. Navy not perform law enforcement? The Navy defers on law enforcement...Summer, 2007), 30. 31 Geoffrey Mones and Andrew Webb, “The Coast Guard Needs Help from the . . . Navy and Marine Corps,” Vol. 130: Proceedings 130, no

49 CFR 1542.217 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....217 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.217 Law enforcement personnel. (a) Each airport operator must ensure that law enforcement personnel used...

49 CFR 1542.217 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....217 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.217 Law enforcement personnel. (a) Each airport operator must ensure that law enforcement personnel used...

49 CFR 1542.217 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....217 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.217 Law enforcement personnel. (a) Each airport operator must ensure that law enforcement personnel used...

49 CFR 1542.217 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....217 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.217 Law enforcement personnel. (a) Each airport operator must ensure that law enforcement personnel used...

Remote, wireless stakeout surveillance for law enforcement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ford, Mike; Klein, Allen; Smith, Stan; Jones, John Paul

2005-05-01

Inflation combined with the added burden of homeland security requirements, is increasing pressure on local law enforcement budgets and manpower resources. The problem is: how can law enforcement agencies fulfill all of their requirements? How can they respond to these requirements, including homeland security, with limited manpower? Civil Rights considerations also place constraints on law enforcement. One possible solution is the Remote Law Enforcement Surveillance System (RLESS) concept. RLESS makes more efficient use of existing manpower while avoiding infringement on civil liberties. RLESS provides the capability for unattended stakeout and surveillance. Many stakeout or surveillance operations are conducted by vice, homicide, organized crime or other task forces. Lasting from days to weeks. Many large drug stings last months involving many persons of interest. A single surveillance mission usually involves a minimum of two persons X 3 shifts per day conducting active observation, equating to 48 man-hours per day. Their tasks include watching, listening, and documenting with photography. Recent military developments have included new technologies and techniques that enable remote unattended observation of areas or points of interest. This capability is now available to support law enforcement stakeouts, thereby significantly minimizes the stresses on manpower.

Law enforcement attitudes toward overdose prevention and response.

PubMed

Green, Traci C; Zaller, Nickolas; Palacios, Wilson R; Bowman, Sarah E; Ray, Madeline; Heimer, Robert; Case, Patricia

2013-12-01

Law enforcement is often the first to respond to medical emergencies in the community, including overdose. Due to the nature of their job, officers have also witnessed first-hand the changing demographic of drug users and devastating effects on their community associated with the epidemic of nonmedical prescription opioid use in the United States. Despite this seminal role, little data exist on law enforcement attitudes toward overdose prevention and response. We conducted key informant interviews as part of a 12-week Rapid Assessment and Response (RAR) process that aimed to better understand and prevent nonmedical prescription opioid use and overdose deaths in locations in Connecticut and Rhode Island experiencing overdose "outbreaks." Interviews with 13 law enforcement officials across three study sites were analyzed to uncover themes on overdose prevention and naloxone. Findings indicated support for law enforcement involvement in overdose prevention. Hesitancy around naloxone administration by laypersons was evident. Interview themes highlighted officers' feelings of futility and frustration with their current overdose response options, the lack of accessible local drug treatment, the cycle of addiction, and the pervasiveness of easily accessible prescription opioid medications in their communities. Overdose prevention and response, which for some officers included law enforcement-administered naloxone, were viewed as components of community policing and good police-community relations. Emerging trends, such as existing law enforcement medical interventions and Good Samaritan Laws, suggest the need for broader law enforcement engagement around this pressing public health crisis, even in suburban and small town locations, to promote public safety. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Law enforcement attitudes toward overdose prevention and response

PubMed Central

Green, Traci C.; Zaller, Nickolas; Palacios, Wilson R.; Bowman, Sarah E.; Ray, Madeline; Heimer, Robert; Case, Patricia

2014-01-01

Background Law enforcement is often the first to respond to medical emergencies in the community, including overdose. Due to the nature of their job, officers have also witnessed first-hand the changing demographic of drug users and devastating effects on their community associated with the epidemic of nonmedical prescription opioid use in the United States. Despite this seminal role, little data exist on law enforcement attitudes toward overdose prevention and response. Methods We conducted key informant interviews as part of a 12-week Rapid Assessment and Response (RAR) process that aimed to better understand and prevent nonmedical prescription opioid use and overdose deaths in locations in Connecticut and Rhode Island experiencing overdose “outbreaks.” Interviews with 13 law enforcement officials across three study sites were analyzed to uncover themes on overdose prevention and naloxone. Results Findings indicated support for law enforcement involvement in overdose prevention. Hesitancy around naloxone administration by laypersons was evident. Interview themes highlighted officers’ feelings of futility and frustration with their current overdose response options, the lack of accessible local drug treatment, the cycle of addiction, and the pervasiveness of easily accessible prescription opioid medications in their communities. Overdose prevention and response, which for some officers included law enforcement-administered naloxone, were viewed as components of community policing and good police-community relations. Conclusion Emerging trends, such as existing law enforcement medical interventions and Good Samaritan Laws, suggest the need for broader law enforcement engagement around this pressing public health crisis, even in suburban and small town locations, to promote public safety. PMID:24051061

32 CFR 806b.8 - Obtaining law enforcement records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Obtaining law enforcement records. 806b.8... ADMINISTRATION PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Obtaining Law Enforcement Records and Confidentiality Promises § 806b.8 Obtaining law enforcement records. The Commander, Air Force Office of Special Investigation; the Commander...

25 CFR 11.1003 - Law enforcement officer's duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Law enforcement officer's duties. 11.1003 Section 11.1003... LAW AND ORDER CODE Juvenile Offender Procedure § 11.1003 Law enforcement officer's duties. A law... verbal advice or warning as may be appropriate, unless shelter care or detention is necessary. (c) If the...

Death notification: considerations for law enforcement personnel.

PubMed

Hart, C W; DeBernardo, Caren R

2004-01-01

Death notification is among the most unpleasant and uncomfortable tasks a law enforcement officer undertakes. For years, law enforcement officers have been performing notifications that involved life threatening injuries or death from tragedies including suicide. Unfortunately, many officers have performed this task without appropriate training. Performing notifications can be physically and emotionally exhausting. Expressing the right words, understanding families' emotions, and responding with empathy are paramount. The attitude, demeanor, professionalism, and sensitivity of law enforcement officers projected during a notification are critical. The delivery of a notification can remain etched in a family member's memory forever. Many notifications have left family members with the perception that law enforcement officers are callous, thoughtless, and insensitive. This negative perception can be overcome through training and practice. This article presents several factors that supervisors and officers should consider in the notification process and offers guidelines to consider to best serve your agency and the community.

32 CFR 806b.8 - Obtaining law enforcement records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Obtaining law enforcement records. 806b.8 Section 806b.8 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Obtaining Law Enforcement Records and Confidentiality Promises § 806b.8 Obtaining law enforcement records. The Commander, Air...

33 CFR 88.11 - Law enforcement vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... display a flashing blue light when engaged in direct law enforcement or public safety activities. This light must be located so that it does not interfere with the visibility of the vessel's navigation lights. (b) The blue light described in this section may be displayed by law enforcement vessels of the...

33 CFR 88.11 - Law enforcement vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... display a flashing blue light when engaged in direct law enforcement or public safety activities. This light must be located so that it does not interfere with the visibility of the vessel's navigation lights. (b) The blue light described in this section may be displayed by law enforcement vessels of the...

33 CFR 88.11 - Law enforcement vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... display a flashing blue light when engaged in direct law enforcement or public safety activities. This light must be located so that it does not interfere with the visibility of the vessel's navigation lights. (b) The blue light described in this section may be displayed by law enforcement vessels of the...

33 CFR 88.11 - Law enforcement vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... display a flashing blue light when engaged in direct law enforcement or public safety activities. This light must be located so that it does not interfere with the visibility of the vessel's navigation lights. (b) The blue light described in this section may be displayed by law enforcement vessels of the...

33 CFR 88.11 - Law enforcement vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... display a flashing blue light when engaged in direct law enforcement or public safety activities. This light must be located so that it does not interfere with the visibility of the vessel's navigation lights. (b) The blue light described in this section may be displayed by law enforcement vessels of the...

Hunting, law enforcement, and African primate conservation.

PubMed

N'Goran, Paul K; Boesch, Christophe; Mundry, Roger; N'Goran, Eliezer K; Herbinger, Ilka; Yapi, Fabrice A; Kühl, Hjalmar S

2012-06-01

Primates are regularly hunted for bushmeat in tropical forests, and systematic ecological monitoring can help determine the effect hunting has on these and other hunted species. Monitoring can also be used to inform law enforcement and managers of where hunting is concentrated. We evaluated the effects of law enforcement informed by monitoring data on density and spatial distribution of 8 monkey species in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. We conducted intensive surveys of monkeys and looked for signs of human activity throughout the park. We also gathered information on the activities of law-enforcement personnel related to hunting and evaluated the relative effects of hunting, forest cover and proximity to rivers, and conservation effort on primate distribution and density. The effects of hunting on monkeys varied among species. Red colobus monkeys (Procolobus badius) were most affected and Campbell's monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli) were least affected by hunting. Density of monkeys irrespective of species was up to 100 times higher near a research station and tourism site in the southwestern section of the park, where there is little hunting, than in the southeastern part of the park. The results of our monitoring guided law-enforcement patrols toward zones with the most hunting activity. Such systematic coordination of ecological monitoring and law enforcement may be applicable at other sites. ©2012 Society for Conservation Biology.

27 CFR 478.134 - Sale of firearms to law enforcement officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... AMMUNITION Records § 478.134 Sale of firearms to law enforcement officers. (a) Law enforcement officers... complete Form 4473 or Form 5300.35. The law enforcement officer purchasing the firearm may purchase a...) In Federal law enforcement offices, the supervisor in charge of the office to which the Federal...

Innovative telecommunications for law enforcement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sohn, R. L.

1976-01-01

The operation of computer-aided dispatch, mobile digital communications, and automatic vehicle location systems used in law enforcement is discussed, and characteristics of systems used by different agencies are compared. With reference to computer-aided dispatch systems, the data base components, dispatcher work load, extent of usage, and design trends are surveyed. The capabilities, levels of communication, and traffic load of mobile digital communications systems are examined. Different automatic vehicle location systems are distinguished, and two systems are evaluated. Other aspects of the application of innovative technology to operational command, control, and communications systems for law enforcement agencies are described.

45 CFR 5.68 - Exemption seven: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws or... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Exemption seven: Law enforcement. 5.68 Section 5... INFORMATION REGULATIONS Reasons for Withholding Some Records § 5.68 Exemption seven: Law enforcement. We are...

45 CFR 5.68 - Exemption seven: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws or... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Exemption seven: Law enforcement. 5.68 Section 5... INFORMATION REGULATIONS Reasons for Withholding Some Records § 5.68 Exemption seven: Law enforcement. We are...

45 CFR 5.68 - Exemption seven: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws or... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Exemption seven: Law enforcement. 5.68 Section 5... INFORMATION REGULATIONS Reasons for Withholding Some Records § 5.68 Exemption seven: Law enforcement. We are...

45 CFR 5.68 - Exemption seven: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws or... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Exemption seven: Law enforcement. 5.68 Section 5... INFORMATION REGULATIONS Reasons for Withholding Some Records § 5.68 Exemption seven: Law enforcement. We are...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: CNG Powers Law Enforcement in Arkansas

Science.gov Websites

CNG Powers Law Enforcement in Arkansas to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center : CNG Powers Law Enforcement in Arkansas on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: CNG Powers Law Enforcement in Arkansas on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: CNG Powers Law

78 FR 21826 - Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

... Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies AGENCY: Department of Defense. ACTION: Final rule... to DoD support provided to Federal, State, and local civilian law enforcement agencies, including... for the Department of Defense support of civilian law enforcement agencies. This rule provides...

28 CFR 0.29j - Law enforcement authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Law enforcement authority. 0.29j Section...-Office of the Inspector General § 0.29j Law enforcement authority. Subject to guidelines promulgated by...) Detect and assist in the prosecution of crimes in violation of the laws of the United States and to...

25 CFR 11.1103 - Law enforcement officer's duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... LAW AND ORDER CODE Minor-in-Need-of-Care Procedure § 11.1103 Law enforcement officer's duties. Upon... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Law enforcement officer's duties. 11.1103 Section 11.1103... custodian and issue a verbal advice or warning as may be appropriate, unless shelter care is necessary. (b...

25 CFR 12.36 - Does other law enforcement training count?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Does other law enforcement training count? 12.36 Section 12.36 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Qualifications and Training Requirements § 12.36 Does other law enforcement training count? All requests for evaluation of equivalent...

Remote data entry and retrieval for law enforcement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwasowsky, Bohdan R.; Capraro, Gerard T.; Berdan, Gerald B.; Capraro, Christopher T.

1997-02-01

Law enforcement personnel need to capture and retrieve quality multimedia data in `real time' while in the field. This is not done today, for the most part. Most law enforcement officers gather data on handwritten forms and retrieve data via voice communications or fax. This approach is time consuming, costly, prone to errors, and may require months before some data are entered into a usable law enforcement database. With advances in the computing and communications industries, it is now possible to communicate with anyone using a laptop computer or personal digital assistant (PDA), given a phone line, an RF modem, or cellular capability. Many law enforcement officers have access to laptop computers within their vehicles and can stay in touch with their command center and/or retrieve data from local, state, or federal databases. However, this same capability is not available once they leave the vehicle or if the officer is on a beat, motorcycle, or horseback. This paper investigates the issues and reviews the state of the art for integrating a PDA into the gathering and retrieving of multimedia data for law enforcement.

Perspectives on law enforcement in recreation areas

Treesearch

Lawrence C. Hadley

1971-01-01

The nature and scope of law-enforcement problems in the National Park System are of increasing concern to park and recreation area managers. A positive response by management in terms of formulating and executing a fully professional and effective enforcement program is vital for sustaining public confidence that Parks are safe for individual and family use. Law...

Impaired driving enforcement practices among state and local law enforcement agencies in the United States.

PubMed

Eichelberger, Angela H; McCartt, Anne T

2016-09-01

Alcohol-impaired driving (DUI) persists as a substantial problem, yet detailed data on DUI enforcement practices are rarely collected. The present study surveyed state and local law enforcement agencies about their DUI enforcement activities. Telephone interviews were conducted with law enforcement liaisons in state highway safety offices. Officers from a nationally representative sample of municipal, county, and state law enforcement agencies were also interviewed about their agency's DUI enforcement activities, including the types of enforcement, frequency of use, and whether activities were publicized. Response rates were 100% among law enforcement liaisons, 86% among county agencies, 93% among municipal agencies, and 98% among state agencies. Based on the highway safety office survey, 38 states conducted sobriety checkpoints in 2011. Nationally, 58% of law enforcement agencies reported that they conducted or helped conduct sobriety checkpoints during 2011-12, with 14% of all agencies conducting them monthly or more frequently. The vast majority (87%) of agencies reported conducting dedicated DUI patrols. However, dedicated DUI patrols were less likely to be publicized than checkpoints. Less than a quarter of agencies reported using passive alcohol sensors to improve detection of alcohol-impaired drivers. Results show that 38 states conducted sobriety checkpoints in 2011, little changed from a previous survey in 2000. Despite evidence of effectiveness, many agencies do not conduct frequent, publicized DUI enforcement or use passive alcohol sensors. The survey suggests that there are several areas in which impaired driving enforcement could be improved: increasing the frequency of special enforcement, such as sobriety checkpoints and/or dedicated patrols; publicizing these efforts to maximize deterrent effects; and using passive alcohol sensors to improve detection of alcohol-impaired drivers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and National Safety Council. All rights

32 CFR 634.26 - Traffic law enforcement principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... safely within traffic laws and regulations and maintain an effective and efficient flow of traffic... 32 National Defense 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Traffic law enforcement principles. 634.26... ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Traffic Supervision § 634.26 Traffic...

32 CFR 634.26 - Traffic law enforcement principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... safely within traffic laws and regulations and maintain an effective and efficient flow of traffic... 32 National Defense 4 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Traffic law enforcement principles. 634.26... ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Traffic Supervision § 634.26 Traffic...

32 CFR 634.26 - Traffic law enforcement principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... safely within traffic laws and regulations and maintain an effective and efficient flow of traffic... 32 National Defense 4 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Traffic law enforcement principles. 634.26... ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Traffic Supervision § 634.26 Traffic...

21 CFR 1301.24 - Exemption of law enforcement officials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption of law enforcement officials. 1301.24 Section 1301.24 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REGISTRATION OF MANUFACTURERS, DISTRIBUTORS, AND DISPENSERS OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Exceptions to Registration and Fees § 1301.24 Exemption of law enforcement...

21 CFR 1309.26 - Exemption of law enforcement officials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption of law enforcement officials. 1309.26 Section 1309.26 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REGISTRATION OF MANUFACTURERS, DISTRIBUTORS, IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF LIST I CHEMICALS Requirements for Registration § 1309.26 Exemption of law enforcement...

Android-based E-Traffic law enforcement system in Surakarta City

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yulianto, Budi; Setiono

2018-03-01

The urban advancement is always overpowered by the increasing number of vehicles as the need for movement of people and goods. This can lead to traffic problems if there is no effort on the implementation of traffic management and engineering, and traffic law enforcement. In this case, the Government of Surakarta City has implemented various policies and regulations related to traffic management and engineering in order to run traffic in an orderly, safe and comfortable manner according to the applicable law. However, conditions in the field shows that traffic violations still occurred frequently due to the weakness of traffic law enforcement in terms of human resources and the system. In this connection, a tool is needed to support traffic law enforcement, especially in relation to the reporting system of traffic violations. This study aims to develop an Android-based traffic violations reporting application (E-Traffic Law Enforcement) as part of the traffic law enforcement system in Surakarta City. The Android-apps records the location and time of the traffic violations incident along with the visual evidence of the infringement. This information will be connected to the database system to detect offenders and to do the traffic law enforcement process.

Information Sharing and Interoperability in Law Enforcement: An Investigation of Federal Criminal Justice Information Systems Use by State/Local Law Enforcement Organizations

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-09

reduction, marijuana eradication, mobile enforcement teams, and the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force. The DEA also operates eight laboratories...Owens’ Columbine Review Commission. Denver , CO: State of Colorado . Council on Foreign Relations. 2002. FBI and Law Enforcement. Washington DC...results of this research indicate high usage and perceived usefulness of the National Crime Information Center Network (NCIC Net), National Law

Campus Law Enforcement Agencies, 1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reaves, Brian A.; Goldberg, Andrew L.

To determine the nature of law enforcement services provided on campuses in the context of the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act, the U.S. Department of Justice surveyed four-year institutions of higher education in the United States with 2,500 or more students. This report presents data collected from nearly 600 campus law enforcement…

Restraint use law enforcement intervention in Latino communities.

PubMed

Schaechter, Judy; Uhlhorn, Susan B

2011-11-01

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for U.S. Latinos aged 1 to 35 years. Restraint use is an effective means of prevention of motor vehicle crash injury. Effective interventions to raise restraint use include the following: legislation, law enforcement, education, and equipment distribution. The effects of law enforcement interventions in Latino immigrant communities are understudied. We measured the community-level effect of a combined intervention that included warnings and citations phase enforcement in Latino communities. We designed and implemented in two of three Latino-majority communities a multicomponent intervention consisting of a community awareness campaign, restraint use education with equipment distribution, and a two-staged law enforcement intervention. Restraint use observations were conducted in all three communities at baseline, after the warnings phase and again after the citations phase of the intervention were completed. The combined intervention of community awareness, education, child passenger restraint distribution, and law enforcement focused on educational traffic stops with incentives and warnings was associated with a significant increase in both driver and child passenger restraint use in one intervention community, but only driver restraint increased to a level of significance in the other intervention community; significant increase was also noted among nonintervention drivers. The citations phase of the intervention did not result in a significant increase in restraint use and was complicated by interruptions due to unlicensed drivers. The combined effort of community awareness, education, equipment distribution and law enforcement intervention that included incentives and warnings may be effective at increasing seat belt use in Latino communities without the need for citations.

Law Enforcement Officer Training, Basic Course. Learner's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Dept. of Education, Columbus. Trade and Industrial Education Service.

Developed by the State Division of Vocational Education, this learner's manual is designed to provide law enforcement officers with a better understanding of the many problems involved in providing good law enforcement services. The objectives of this program are to determine local, county, regional and state needs, to implement a program to meet…

Law Enforcement Strategies for Preventing Rail Trespassing Risk Factors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-03-01

The Volpe Center has investigated law enforcement methods that have successfully prevented trespassing along the railroad right of way. The types of law enforcement strategies currently being used and procedures followed in the field are documented, ...

28 CFR 0.29j - Law enforcement authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Law enforcement authority. 0.29j Section 0.29j Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 4-Office of the Inspector General § 0.29j Law enforcement authority. Subject to guidelines promulgated by the Attorney General, Special Agents of the Offic...

Eyewitness Evidence: A Trainer's Manual for Law Enforcement. NIJ Special Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Justice, Washington, DC. National Inst. of Justice.

This training manual and guide (which consists of a set of 142 slides) were created by experienced law enforcement investigators, prosecutors, defense lawyers, and psychology researchers and are intended to be used by law enforcement trainers to teach law enforcement personnel how to collect accurate and reliable eyewitness evidence. The manual…

49 CFR 801.57 - Records compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Records compiled for law enforcement purposes. 801... compiled for law enforcement purposes. Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(7), any records compiled for law or..., would disclose investigative procedures and practices, or would endanger the life or security of law...

Future law enforcement officers and social workers: perceptions of domestic violence.

PubMed

McMullan, Elizabeth C; Carlan, Philip E; Nored, Lisa S

2010-08-01

This study compares perceptions of domestic violence for college students planning to work in law enforcement with students aspiring to careers in social work and non-law-enforcement criminal justice (N = 491). The study involves students attending four public universities across one Southern state who completed a survey (spring of 2006) measuring whether various scenarios were (1) related to domestic violence, and (2) worthy of being reported to law enforcement. Findings indicate that all student groups (law enforcement, non-law-enforcement criminal justice, and social work) tended to identify the various scenarios as domestic violence (and worthy of being reported) regardless of the person's sexual orientation, violence severity, and offender's or victim's gender. However, law enforcement students are less sensitive to domestic violence when compared with social work and non-law enforcement criminal justice students. Findings reveal that (1) graduate students, (2) female students, and (3) White students (compared with African American students in general) attending majority White universities were more likely to identify domestic violence and its worthiness of being reported.The data in this study indicate that criminal justice programs produce graduates who are reasonably sensitive toward the importance of appropriate domestic violence response but could still improve using the techniques employed within social work programs.

Forest Service law enforcement officer report: nationwide study

Treesearch

Deborah J. Chavez; Joanne F. Tynon

2007-01-01

This study is the first in a series of studies to evaluate perceptions of USDA Forest Service law enforcement personnel of the roles, responsibilities, and issues entailed in their jobs. An email survey was administered to 404 law enforcement officers (LEOs) in national forests across the United States. In all, 294 were completed and returned. In response to the safety...

A Phenomenological Exploration of Black Male Law Enforcement Officers' Perspectives of Racial Profiling and Their Law Enforcement Career Exploration and Commitment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salters, Gregory A.

2013-01-01

This phenomenological study explored Black male law enforcement officers' perspectives of how racial profiling shaped their decisions to explore and commit to a law enforcement career. Criterion and snow ball sampling was used to obtain the 17 participants for this study. Super's (1990) archway model was used as the theoretical…

75 FR 81547 - Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-28

...] Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies AGENCY: Department of Defense. ACTION: Proposed rule... to DoD support provided to Federal, State, and local civilian law enforcement efforts, including.... Section 202, Public Law 104-4, ``Unfunded Mandates Reform Act'' It has been certified that 32 CFR part 182...

Medical support for law enforcement-extended operations incidents.

PubMed

Levy, Matthew J; Tang, Nelson

2014-01-01

As the complexity and frequency of law enforcement-extended operations incidents continue to increase, so do the opportunities for adverse health and well-being impacts on the responding officers. These types of clinical encounters have not been well characterized nor have the medical response strategies which have been developed to effectively manage these encounters been well described. The purpose of this article is to provide a descriptive epidemiology of the clinical encounters reported during extended law enforcement operations, as well as to describe a best practices approach for their effective management. This study retrospectively examined the clinical encounters of the Maryland State Police (MSP) Tactical Medical Unit (TMU) during law enforcement extended operations incidents lasting 8 or more hours. In addition, a qualitative analysis was performed on clinical data collected by federal law enforcement agencies during their extended operations. Forty-four percent of missions (455/1,047) supported by the MSP TMU lasted 8 or more hours. Twenty-six percent of these missions (117/455) resulted in at least one patient encounter. Nineteen percent of patient chief complaints (45/238) were related to heat illness/ dehydration. Fifteen percent of encounters (36/238) were for musculoskeletal injury/pain. Eight percent of patients (19/238) had nonspecific sick call (minor illness) complaints. The next most common occurring complaints were cold-related injuries, headache, sinus congestion, and wound/laceration, each of which accounted for 7 percent of patients (16/238), respectively. Analysis of federal law enforcement agencies' response to such events yielded similar clinical encounters. A wide range of health problems are reported by extended law enforcement operations personnel. Timely and effective treatment of these problems can help ensure that the broader operations mission is not compromised. An appropriate operational strategy for managing health complaints

Research notes : effects of enhanced law enforcement on vehicle speeds.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-06-01

The combination of increased demands on Oregons transportation system and restricted resources in law enforcement led the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) to investigate the relationship between motorists speeds and law enforcement le...

Improving Law Enforcement Cross Cultural Competencies through Continued Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sereni-Massinger, Christine; Wood, Nancy

2016-01-01

Over the last thirty years Community Oriented Policing (COP) has spawned advancements in creating community partnerships with law enforcement agencies. Agencies that focus on such partnerships have served to reduce crime and resolve conflict. However, community opinions towards law enforcement have become increasingly negative due to recent civil…

Nonfatal Injuries to Law Enforcement Officers: A Rise in Assaults.

PubMed

Tiesman, Hope M; Gwilliam, Melody; Konda, Srinivas; Rojek, Jeff; Marsh, Suzanne

2018-04-01

Limited studies exist that describe nonfatal work-related injuries to law enforcement officers. The aim of this study is to provide national estimates and trends of nonfatal injuries to law enforcement officers from 2003 through 2014. Nonfatal injuries were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Occupational Supplement. Data were obtained for injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments from 2003 to 2014. Nonfatal injury rates were calculated using denominators from the Current Population Survey. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze temporal trends. Data were analyzed in 2016-2017. Between 2003 and 2014, an estimated 669,100 law enforcement officers were treated in U.S. emergency departments for nonfatal injuries. The overall rate of 635 per 10,000 full-time equivalents was three times higher than all other U.S. workers rate (213 per 10,000 full-time equivalents). The three leading injury events were assaults and violent acts (35%), bodily reactions and exertion (15%), and transportation incidents (14%). Injury rates were highest for the youngest officers, aged 21-24 years. Male and female law enforcement officers had similar nonfatal injury rates. Rates for most injuries remained stable; however, rates for assault-related injuries grew among law enforcement officers between 2003 and 2011. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Occupational Supplement data demonstrate a significant upward trend in assault injuries among U.S. law enforcement officers and this warrants further investigation. Police-citizen interactions are dynamic social encounters and evidence-based policing is vital to the health and safety of both police and civilians. The law enforcement community should energize efforts toward the study of how policing tactics impact both officer and citizen injuries. Published by Elsevier Inc.

43 CFR 422.9 - Reclamation law enforcement contracts and cooperative agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reclamation law enforcement contracts and... PROJECTS Program Requirements § 422.9 Reclamation law enforcement contracts and cooperative agreements. (a... Federal laws. (b) Each contract and cooperative agreement authorizing the exercise of Reclamation law...

28 CFR 29.5 - Notification of law enforcement officials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Notification of law enforcement officials. 29.5 Section 29.5 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT PREVENTION ACT REGULATIONS § 29.5 Notification of law enforcement officials. In addition to the actions enumerated in § 29.4...

36 CFR 1270.50 - Consultation with law enforcement agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Consultation with law enforcement agencies. 1270.50 Section 1270.50 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS Presidential Records Compiled for Law Enforcement Purposes § 1270.50 Consultation with...

Wisconsin's Drug Laws and Enforcement. Staff Brief 89-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthias, Mary

This document provides information on current Wisconsin statutes and state-level activities relating to the enforcement of controlled substances laws, including assistance provided to local law enforcement agencies. Part I of this document describes the Uniform Controlled Substances Act as enacted by Wisconsin, other statutes which may be used to…

Analysis of Environmental Law Enforcement Mechanism Based on Economic Principle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Hongjun; Shao, Haohao; Cai, Xuesen

2017-11-01

Strengthening and improving the environmental law enforcement mechanism is an important way to protect the ecological environment. This paper is based on economical principles, we did analysis of the marginal management costs by using Pigou means and the marginal transaction costs by using Coase means vary with the quantity growth of pollutant discharge Enterprises. We analyzed all this information, then we got the conclusion as follows. In the process of strengthening the environmental law enforcement mechanism, firstly, we should fully mobilize all aspects of environmental law enforcement, such as legislative bodies and law enforcement agencies, public welfare organizations, television, newspapers, enterprises, people and so on, they need to form a reasonable and organic structure system; then we should use various management means, such as government regulation, legal sanctions, fines, persuasion and denounce, they also need to form an organic structural system.

Law enforcement attitudes towards naloxone following opioid overdose training.

PubMed

Purviance, Donna; Ray, Bradley; Tracy, Abigail; Southard, Erik

2017-01-01

Opioid intoxication and overdoses are life-threatening emergencies requiring rapid treatment. One response to this has been to train law enforcement to detect the signs of an opioid overdose and train them to administer naloxone to reverse the effects. Although not a new concept, few studies have attempted to examine this policy. At 4 different locations in Indiana, law enforcement personnel were trained to detect the signs of an opioid-related overdose and how to administer naloxone to reverse the effects of the overdose. Pre and post surveys were administered at each location (N = 97). To examine changes in attitudes following training, the authors included items from the Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS), which measures respondents' competency, concerns, and readiness to administer naloxone. Among the full sample, naloxone training resulted in significant increases in competency, concerns, and readiness. Examining changes in attitudes by each location revealed that the training had the greatest effect on competency to administer naloxone and in easing concerns that law enforcement personal might have in administering naloxone. This study adds to others in showing that law enforcement personnel are receptive to naloxone training and that the OOAS is able to capture these attitudes. This study advances this literature by examining pre-post changes across multiple locations. As the distribution of naloxone continues to proliferate, this study and the OOAS may be valuable towards the development of an evidence-based training model for law enforcement.

Evaluation of Louisiana's safety belt law change to primary enforcement

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-09-01

Some states allow an officer to stop a vehicle for an observed belt law violation alone (primary enforcement). Most require that the initial stop be made for some other violation before a belt law citation can be issued (secondary enforcement). On No...

Booster seat law enforcement : examples from Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Washington.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of State booster seat laws : (enhanced child restraint laws) and examine the most effective strategies that law enforcement agencies can : use to enforce booster seat laws. The research i...

Volunteer Flying Organizations: Law Enforcements Untapped Resource

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

ORGANIZATIONS: LAW ENFORCEMENT’S UNTAPPED RESOURCE by Christopher R. Laird December 2016 Thesis Advisor: Erik Dahl Second Reader: Laura...DATES COVERED Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE VOLUNTEER FLYING ORGANIZATIONS: LAW ENFORCEMENT’S UNTAPPED RESOURCE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6...is unlimited. 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) Given the fiscal constraints of today’s law enforcement environment

Building on mental health training for law enforcement: strengthening community partnerships.

PubMed

Campbell, Jorien; Ahalt, Cyrus; Hagar, Randall; Arroyo, William

2017-09-11

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the current state of law enforcement training related to the high number of interactions with persons with mental illness, and to recommend next steps in preparing law enforcement to effectively meet this challenge. Design/methodology/approach The authors reviewed the current literature on relevant law enforcement training programs, focusing primarily on crisis intervention team (CIT) training, and used the case example of California to identify opportunities to improve and enhance law enforcement preparedness for the challenge of responding to persons with mental illness. Findings Broad-based community partnerships working together to develop programs that meet the local needs of both those with mental illness and law enforcement, the availability of mental health treatment centers with no-refusal policies, and a coordinating person or agency to effectively liaise among stakeholders are critical enhancements to CIT training. Originality/value As increasing attention is paid to adverse interactions between police and vulnerable populations, this paper identifies policies that would build on existing training programs to improve police responses to persons with mental illness.

Recruiting & Retaining Women: A Self-Assessment Guide for Law Enforcement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrington, Penny E.

This document presents information, guidelines, and resource materials to help law enforcement administrators address issues related to recruiting and retaining women in law enforcement. Its 14 chapters contain the following sections: statement of the problem; legal issues; possible solutions, model policies, and practices; expert assistance,…

20 CFR 402.105 - Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... enforcement purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption seven for withholding records: Law... INFORMATION AND RECORDS TO THE PUBLIC § 402.105 Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement. We...

20 CFR 402.105 - Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... enforcement purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exemption seven for withholding records: Law... INFORMATION AND RECORDS TO THE PUBLIC § 402.105 Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement. We...

20 CFR 402.105 - Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... enforcement purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exemption seven for withholding records: Law... INFORMATION AND RECORDS TO THE PUBLIC § 402.105 Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement. We...

20 CFR 402.105 - Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... enforcement purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exemption seven for withholding records: Law... INFORMATION AND RECORDS TO THE PUBLIC § 402.105 Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement. We...

20 CFR 402.105 - Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... enforcement purposes. The records may apply to actual or potential violations of either criminal or civil laws... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exemption seven for withholding records: Law... INFORMATION AND RECORDS TO THE PUBLIC § 402.105 Exemption seven for withholding records: Law enforcement. We...

The corruption process of a law enforcement officer: a paradigm of occupational stress and deviancy.

PubMed

McCafferty, F L; Souryal, S; McCafferty, M A

1998-01-01

The public does not want all laws enforced. In the closed society of law enforcement institutions, police discretion, the conspiracy of silence, the lack of an administration with integrity, and susceptible law enforcement officers contribute to the development of corruption from occupational deviance. Corruption in law enforcement agencies may have similar roots in business, law, medicine, and other professions. Understanding the law enforcement corruption paradigm may therefore be helpful in correcting and curbing corruption in other professions.

Patterns of Alcohol Policy Enforcement Activities among Local Law Enforcement Agencies: A Latent Class Analysis

PubMed Central

Erickson, Darin J.; Rutledge, Patricia C.; Lenk, Kathleen M.; Nelson, Toben F.; Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Toomey, Traci L.

2015-01-01

Aims We assessed levels and patterns of alcohol policy enforcement activities among U.S. local law enforcement agencies. Design/Setting/Participants We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 1,631 local law enforcement agencies across the 50 states. Measures/Methods We assessed 29 alcohol policy enforcement activities within each of five enforcement domains—underage alcohol possession/consumption, underage alcohol provision, underage alcohol sales, impaired driving, and overservice of alcohol—and conducted a series of latent class analyses to identify unique classes or patterns of enforcement activity for each domain. Findings We identified three to four unique enforcement activity classes for each of the enforcement domains. In four of the domains, we identified a Uniformly Low class (i.e., little or no enforcement) and a Uniformly High enforcement activity class (i.e., relatively high levels of enforcement), with one or two middle classes where some but not all activities were conducted. The underage provision domain had a Uniformly Low class but not a Uniformly High class. The Uniformly Low class was the most prevalent class in three domains: underage provision (58%), underage sales (61%), and overservice (79%). In contrast, less than a quarter of agencies were in Uniformly High classes. Conclusions We identified qualitatively distinct patterns of enforcement activity, with a large proportion of agencies in classes characterized by little or no enforcement and fewer agencies in high enforcement classes. An important next step is to determine if these patterns are associated with rates of alcohol use and alcohol-related injury and mortality. PMID:26877822

Sexual Harassment in the Law Enforcement Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irons, Nicholas H.

Considerable confusion exists over male/female relationships in the work place, especially in such male-dominated professions as law enforcement. The laws governing sexual harassment offer unclear guidelines regarding the definition of harm that results from such harassment. This paper addresses the special problems of sexual harassment in the…

28 CFR 513.20 - Release of information to law enforcement agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Release of information to law enforcement agencies. 513.20 Section 513.20 Judicial Administration BUREAU OF PRISONS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE GENERAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION ACCESS TO RECORDS Release of Information to Law Enforcement Agencies § 513.20 Release of information to law...

25 CFR 12.41 - Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement... INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.41 Who keeps statistics for Indian country... the same reporting format and submit the same statistical reports to the Office of Law Enforcement...

25 CFR 12.41 - Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement... INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.41 Who keeps statistics for Indian country... the same reporting format and submit the same statistical reports to the Office of Law Enforcement...

43 CFR 422.5 - Responsibilities of the Law Enforcement Administrator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Responsibilities of the Law Enforcement Administrator. 422.5 Section 422.5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY AT BUREAU OF RECLAMATION PROJECTS Responsibilities § 422.5 Responsibilities of...

LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER TRAINING, BASIC COURSE, UNIT II, INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

REESE, ROBERT M.; AND OTHERS

INSTRUCTORS MAY USE THIS MANUAL IN CONDUCTING A TRAINING PROGRAM FOR INSERVICE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS AND RECRUITS. IT WAS DEVELOPED BY A STATEWIDE COMMITTEE OF STATE LAW ENFORCEMENT CONSULTANTS, SPECIALISTS, AND AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND WAS TESTED BY A SUBJECT-MATTER SPECIALIST IN PILOT-CLASS STUDY. THE TRAINING PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE…

Randomized Trial of Law Enforcement Training on Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teagardin, Jill; Dixon, Dennis R.; Smith, Marlena N.; Granpeesheh, Doreen

2012-01-01

The core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are likely to affect interactions between law enforcement officers and persons with ASD. If law enforcement officers are not trained to identify and appropriately respond to persons with ASD, it is possible that officers may exacerbate a situation, resulting in unnecessary trauma, injury, or…

25 CFR 12.51 - Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct? 12.51 Section 12.51 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.51 Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct? All law enforcement...

Recommendations for Changes in Laws, Resources and Programs Related to Drug Law Enforcement. Discussion Paper 89-2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthias, Mary

This document lists recommendations for changes in laws, resources and programs relating to drug law enforcement made to the Wisconsin Special Committee on Drug Law Enforcement, as of August 25, 1989. Some of the recommendations are based on comments of Committee members, rather than persons testifying to the Committee. Each recommendation is…

Corruption in law enforcement: a paradigm of occupational stress and deviancy.

PubMed

McCafferty, F L; McCafferty, M A

1998-01-01

In the closed society of a law enforcement agency, factors such as the conspiracy of silence, authoritarian supervision, and police discretion contribute to corruption. This article describes various types of corrupt behavior by police officers, reports the incidence of corruption in law enforcement agencies, discusses psychiatric conditions that may arise from corruption and also contribute to further corruption, and reviews proposed remedies for corruption. It also suggests that an understanding of corruption in law enforcement might be helpful in understanding, correcting, and preventing corruption in other professions, including medicine.

Retail price as an outcome measure for the effectiveness of drug law enforcement.

PubMed

Bright, David A; Ritter, Alison

2010-09-01

One outcome measure of law enforcement effectiveness is the reduction in drug consumption which occurs as a result of law enforcement interventions. A theoretical relationship between drug consumption and retail price has promoted the use of retail price as a surrogate measure for consumption. In the current article, retail price is examined as a potential outcome measure for the effectiveness of law enforcement. The predictions regarding the relationship between law enforcement intensity and price are only partially supported by research. Explanations for the disconnect between the drug law enforcement activity and retail price include: rapid adaptation by market players, enforcement swamping, assumptions of rational actors, short-run versus long-run effects, structure of the illicit market, simultaneous changes that affect price in perverse ways, the role of violence in markets, and data limitations. Researchers who use retail price as an outcome measure need to take into account the complex relationship between drug law enforcement interventions and the retail price of illicit drugs. Viable outcome measures which can be used as complements to retail price are worth investigation. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Comparison of Military and Law Enforcement Body Armour.

PubMed

Orr, Robin; Schram, Ben; Pope, Rodney

2018-02-14

Law-enforcement officers increasingly wear body armour for protection; wearing body armour is common practice in military populations. Law-enforcement and military occupational demands are vastly different and military-styled body armour may not be suitable for law-enforcement. This study investigated differences between selected military body armour (MBA: 6.4 kg) and law-enforcement body armour (LEBA: 2.1 kg) in impacts on postural sway, vertical jump, agility, a functional movement screen (FMS), task simulations (vehicle exit; victim recovery), and subjective measures. Ten volunteer police officers (six females, four males) were randomly allocated to one of the designs on each of two days. Body armour type did not significantly affect postural sway, vertical jump, vehicle exit and 5 m sprint times, or victim recovery times. Both armour types increased sway velocity and sway-path length in the final five seconds compared to the first 5 s of a balance task. The MBA was associated with significantly slower times to complete the agility task, poorer FMS total scores, and poorer subjective ratings of performance and comfort. The LEBA was perceived as more comfortable and received more positive performance ratings during the agility test and task simulations. The impacts of MBA and LEBA differed significantly and they should not be considered interchangeable.

A Comparison of Military and Law Enforcement Body Armour

PubMed Central

Pope, Rodney

2018-01-01

Law-enforcement officers increasingly wear body armour for protection; wearing body armour is common practice in military populations. Law-enforcement and military occupational demands are vastly different and military-styled body armour may not be suitable for law-enforcement. This study investigated differences between selected military body armour (MBA: 6.4 kg) and law-enforcement body armour (LEBA: 2.1 kg) in impacts on postural sway, vertical jump, agility, a functional movement screen (FMS), task simulations (vehicle exit; victim recovery), and subjective measures. Ten volunteer police officers (six females, four males) were randomly allocated to one of the designs on each of two days. Body armour type did not significantly affect postural sway, vertical jump, vehicle exit and 5 m sprint times, or victim recovery times. Both armour types increased sway velocity and sway-path length in the final five seconds compared to the first 5 s of a balance task. The MBA was associated with significantly slower times to complete the agility task, poorer FMS total scores, and poorer subjective ratings of performance and comfort. The LEBA was perceived as more comfortable and received more positive performance ratings during the agility test and task simulations. The impacts of MBA and LEBA differed significantly and they should not be considered interchangeable. PMID:29443905

Forensic imaging tools for law enforcement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

SMITHPETER,COLIN L.; SANDISON,DAVID R.; VARGO,TIMOTHY D.

2000-01-01

Conventional methods of gathering forensic evidence at crime scenes are encumbered by difficulties that limit local law enforcement efforts to apprehend offenders and bring them to justice. Working with a local law-enforcement agency, Sandia National Laboratories has developed a prototype multispectral imaging system that can speed up the investigative search task and provide additional and more accurate evidence. The system, called the Criminalistics Light-imaging Unit (CLU), has demonstrated the capabilities of locating fluorescing evidence at crime scenes under normal lighting conditions and of imaging other types of evidence, such as untreated fingerprints, by direct white-light reflectance. CLU employs state ofmore » the art technology that provides for viewing and recording of the entire search process on videotape. This report describes the work performed by Sandia to design, build, evaluate, and commercialize CLU.« less

THE USE OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING IN CORRECTIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT,

DTIC Science & Technology

Reviews the reasons, methods, accomplishments and goals of the use of electronic data processing in the fields of correction and law enforcement . Suggest...statistical and case history data in building a sounder theoretical base in the field of law enforcement . (Author)

Technical Review of Law Enforcement Standards and Guides Relative to Incident Management

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stenner, Robert D.; Salter, R.; Stanton, J. R.

2009-03-24

In an effort to locate potential law enforcement-related standards that support incident management, a team from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) contacted representatives from the National Institute of Standards-Office of Law Enforcement Standards (NIST-OLES), National Institute of Justice (NIJ), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Secret Service, ASTM International committees that have a law enforcement focus, and a variety of individuals from local and regional law enforcement organizations. Discussions were held with various state and local law enforcement organizations. The NIJ has published several specific equipment-related law enforcement standards that were included in the review, but it appears that lawmore » enforcement program and process-type standards are developed principally by organizations that operate at the state and local level. Input is provided from state regulations and codes and from external non-government organizations (NGOs) that provide national standards. The standards that are adopted from external organizations or developed independently by state authorities are available for use by local law enforcement agencies on a voluntary basis. The extent to which they are used depends on the respective jurisdictions involved. In some instances, use of state and local disseminated standards is mandatory, but in most cases, use is voluntary. Usually, the extent to which these standards are used appears to depend on whether or not jurisdictions receive certification from a “governing” entity due to their use and compliance with the standards. In some cases, these certification-based standards are used in principal but without certification or other compliance monitoring. In general, these standards appear to be routinely used for qualification, selection for employment, and training. In these standards, the term “Peace Officer” is frequently used to refer to law enforcement personnel. This technical review of

The Expanded Application of Forensic Science and Law Enforcement Methodologies in Army Counterintelligence

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

THE EXPANDED APPLICATION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT METHODOLOGIES IN ARMY COUNTERINTELLIGENCE A RESEARCH PROJECT...Jul 2017 The Expanded Application of Forensic Science and Law Enforcement Methodologies in Army Counterintelligence CW2 Stockham, Braden E. National...forensic science resources, law enforcement methodologies and procedures, and basic investigative training. In order to determine if these changes would

An Initial evaluation of law enforcement overdose training in Rhode Island.

PubMed

Saucier, Cory D; Zaller, Nickolas; Macmadu, Alexandria; Green, Traci C

2016-05-01

To assess initial change in knowledge, self-efficacy, and anticipated behaviors among Rhode Island law enforcement officers on drug overdose response and prevention. Law enforcement officers (N=316) voluntarily completed a pre-post evaluation immediately before and after taking part in overdose prevention and response trainings. Assessment items included measures of knowledge (Brief Overdose Recognition and Response Assessment (BORRA)), self-efficacy, attitudes toward drugs and overdose prevention, awareness of the Good Samaritan Law, and open-ended items pertaining to overdose knowledge and response behaviors. Non-parametric tests measured within-group and between-group differences. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests evaluated changes in BORRA scores and self-efficacy items. McNemar's tests assessed changes regarding the Good Samaritan law and open-ended items. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests measured post-training change in attitudes. Law enforcement officers demonstrated statistically significant improvements in self-efficacy (identifying signs of opioid overdose, naloxone indication, counseling witnesses in overdose prevention, and referring witnesses for more information), overdose identification knowledge (BORRA mean increased from 7.00 to 10.39), naloxone administration knowledge (BORRA mean increased from 10.15 to 12.59), Good Samaritan Law awareness (17.9% increase after training), and anticipated behaviors in response to future observed overdose (65.7% changed from passive to active response post training). Harm reduction programs can provide law enforcement officers with the knowledge and skills necessary to intervene and reduce overdose mortality. Given the statistically significant improvements in self-efficacy, attitudinal changes, and Good Samaritan law awareness, law enforcement officers are more prepared to actively interact with drug users during a drug-involved emergency. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Notification: Audit of EPA's Office of Criminal Enforcement, Forensics and Training's Law Enforcement Availability Pay Reporting

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Project #OA-FY18-0075, November 30, 2017. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on the EPA Office of Criminal Enforcement, Forensics and Training's (OCEFT's) law enforcement availability pay (LEAP) reporting.

25 CFR 12.35 - Do Indian country law enforcement officers complete any special training?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement officers complete any special training? 12.35 Section 12.35 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Qualifications and Training Requirements § 12.35 Do Indian country law enforcement officers complete any...

43 CFR 422.3 - Reclamation law enforcement policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., professional law enforcement program on Reclamation project facilities, and to protect Federal project lands... Federal laws, regulations, and policies of the Department; (d) To ensure that approved standards are... criminal and intelligence information with other Federal, State, local, and tribal agencies, as appropriate...

43 CFR 422.3 - Reclamation law enforcement policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., professional law enforcement program on Reclamation project facilities, and to protect Federal project lands... Federal laws, regulations, and policies of the Department; (d) To ensure that approved standards are... criminal and intelligence information with other Federal, State, local, and tribal agencies, as appropriate...

Prescription opioid forgery: reporting to law enforcement and protection of medical information.

PubMed

Singh, Naileshni; Fishman, Scott; Rich, Ben; Orlowski, Anna

2013-06-01

To review confidentiality requirements of prescribers who become aware of a forged prescription. A case is reviewed in which a prescriber believes that a prescription has been forged. The literature and law related to prescription forgery and confidentiality are reviewed. Although prescription forgery is a crime, the prescriber's responsibility for reporting to law enforcement is not clear under current state and federal law. Federal laws and regulations, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), do not permit prescribers in all circumstances to disclose prescription fraud to law enforcement. Under common circumstances, HIPAA may prohibit prescribers from reporting prescription forgery to law enforcement. However, collaborating with a dispensing pharmacist may offer a lawful pathway to reporting prescription forgery. State legislature may consider laws that clarify the reporting responsibilities of prescribers in cases of prescription forgery. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Law enforcement tools available at the Savannah River Site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hofstetter, K.J.

A number of nuclear technologies developed and applied at the Savannah River Site in support of nuclear weapons material production and environmental remediation can be applied to problems in law enforcement. Techniques and equipment for high-sensitivity analyses of samples are available to identify and quantify trace elements and establish origins and histories of forensic evidence removed from crime scenes. While some of theses capabilities are available at local crime laboratories, state-of-the-art equipment and breakthroughs in analytical techniques are continually being developed at DOE laboratories. Extensive experience with the handling of radioactive samples at the DOE labs minimizes the chances ofmore » cross-contamination of evidence received from law enforcement. In addition to high-sensitivity analyses, many of the field techniques developed for use in a nuclear facility can assist law enforcement personnel in detecting illicit materials and operations, in retrieving of pertinent evidence and in surveying crime scenes. Some of these tools include chemical sniffers, hand-held detectors, thermal imaging, etc. In addition, mobile laboratories can be deployed to a crime scene to provide field screening of potential evidence. A variety of portable sensors can be deployed on vehicle, aerial, surface or submersible platforms to assist in the location of pertinent evidence or illicit operations. Several specific nuclear technologies available to law enforcement and their potential uses are discussed.« less

[Treasury Law Enforcement School. Course 14. "Evidence." Student Guide, Text, and Handout.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of the Treasury, Washington, DC. Consolidated Law Enforcement Training Center.

This packet of three booklets, which includes a student guide, textbook, and handbook, is illustrative of other booklets available from the Treasury Law Enforcement School designed for training law enforcement officers in Federal law. The material in this course, related primarily to criminal cases, focuses on presenting evidence to the court to…

Increasing Capacity & Changing the Culture: Volunteer Management in Law Enforcement

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

6. AUTHOR(S) Donna Cayson 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943...5000 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) N/A 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING...mission performance in a law enforcement agency’s volunteer program? Furthermore, the research will address the role of volunteers in law enforcement

25 CFR 12.63 - Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well? 12.63 Section 12.63 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.63 Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well? Law...

Liability: the complicated task of licensing law enforcement technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hops, Larry W.; Overlin, Trudy K.

1997-01-01

This paper discusses a situation where a company (licensor) requires a liability policy as a condition of a license agreement, when licensing law enforcement technologies. The purpose of this discussion is to evaluate the reasons behind the need for extensive liability policies to protect licensors when marketing their law enforcement technologies to private industry. Finding a solution to the problem, therefore reducing the potential for high liability insurance costs, would be desirable. Since the risks associated with most technologies are virtually unknown, and because such technologies are used in very unpredictable legal environments, alternative ways of guaranteeing research and development enterprises that they will be covered against product liability are needed. Without such protection, licensors may require licensees to indemnify them beyond the usual guarantees provided in a licensing agreement, which may make the license too costly for smaller businesses. When the share of the market is limited to larger corporations, competition suffers and ultimately the cost to law enforcement agencies increases.

The Law Enforcement Officer Stress Survey (LEOSS): Evaluation of Psychometric Properties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Hasselt, Vincent B.; Sheehan, Donald C.; Malcolm, Abigail S.; Sellers, Alfred H.; Baker, Monty T.; Couwels, Judy

2008-01-01

This study establishes the reliability and validity of the Law Enforcement Officer Stress Survey (LEOSS), a short early-warning stress-screening measure for law enforcement officers. The initial phase of LEOSS development employed the behavioral-analytic model to construct a 25-item instrument specifically geared toward evaluation of stress in…

Law Enforcement. Ohio's Competency Analysis Profile.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Vocational Instructional Materials Lab.

This Ohio Competency Analysis Profile (OCAP), derived from a modified Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) process, is a current comprehensive and verified employer competency program list for law enforcement. Each unit (with or without subunits) contains competencies and competency builders that identify the occupational, academic, and employability…

Law enforcement officers' opinions about gun locks: anchors on life jackets?

PubMed Central

Coyne-Beasley, T; Johnson, R

2001-01-01

Objectives—One way law enforcement officers support firearm safety is by promoting the use of gun locks. This investigation examined law enforcement officers' willingness to use gun locks on their own guns, as well as their opinions regarding gun locks in general. Setting—Law enforcement officers from an urban agency in the southern region of the United States. Methods—Free keyed cable gun locks were distributed to all law enforcement officers in one agency who wanted one, and then an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted about their subsequent use of, and attitudes toward, these devices. Results—About half of the 207 officers collected gun locks (n=103). Nearly three quarters (73%) completed and returned the questionnaire. Two thirds reported that they were not using the gun lock they collected (65%), and over half disagreed that gun lock use should be required (56%). Very few cited any actual or potential technical problems with the device. An important reason given for non-use of gun locks related to being able to access the weapon quickly in case of an emergency. Conclusions—The findings highlight the need for further investigation into law enforcement officers' attitudes toward gun locks, the degree to which their attitudes affect their firearm safety counseling, and the need to develop a gun safety device that can be disengaged quickly. PMID:11565984

Harnessing the power of multimedia in offender-based law enforcement information systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmerman, Alan P.

1997-02-01

Criminal offenders are increasingly administratively processed by automated multimedia information systems. During this processing, case and offender biographical data, mugshot photos, fingerprints and other valuable information and media are collected by law enforcement officers. As part of their criminal investigations, law enforcement officers are routinely called to solve criminal cases based upon limited evidence . . . evidence increasingly comprised of human DNA, ballistic casings and projectiles, chemical residues, latent fingerprints, surveillance camera facial images and voices. As multimedia systems receive greater use in law enforcement, traditional approaches used to index text data are not appropriate for images and signal data which comprise a multimedia database. Multimedia systems with integrated advanced pattern matching tools will provide law enforcement the ability to effectively locate multimedia information based upon content, without reliance upon the accuracy or completeness of text-based indexing.

43 CFR 422.6 - Responsibilities of the Chief Law Enforcement Officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Responsibilities of the Chief Law Enforcement Officer. 422.6 Section 422.6 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY AT BUREAU OF RECLAMATION PROJECTS Responsibilities § 422.6 Responsibilities of...

Future Law Enforcement Officers and Social Workers: Perceptions of Domestic Violence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMullan, Elizabeth C.; Carlan, Philip E.; Nored, Lisa S.

2010-01-01

This study compares perceptions of domestic violence for college students planning to work in law enforcement with students aspiring to careers in social work and non-law-enforcement criminal justice (N = 491). The study involves students attending four public universities across one Southern state who completed a survey (spring of 2006) measuring…

29 CFR 553.211 - Law enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... subordinates who are empowered by State statute or local ordinance to enforce laws designed to maintain public... include, for example, fish and game wardens or criminal investigative agents assigned to the office of a...

29 CFR 553.211 - Law enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... subordinates who are empowered by State statute or local ordinance to enforce laws designed to maintain public... include, for example, fish and game wardens or criminal investigative agents assigned to the office of a...

29 CFR 553.211 - Law enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... subordinates who are empowered by State statute or local ordinance to enforce laws designed to maintain public... include, for example, fish and game wardens or criminal investigative agents assigned to the office of a...

29 CFR 553.211 - Law enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... subordinates who are empowered by State statute or local ordinance to enforce laws designed to maintain public... include, for example, fish and game wardens or criminal investigative agents assigned to the office of a...

25 CFR 12.51 - Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct? 12.51 Section 12.51 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.51 Must Indian country law enforcement officers...

25 CFR 12.63 - Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well? 12.63 Section 12.63 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.63 Do Indian country law enforcement...

25 CFR 12.51 - Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct? 12.51 Section 12.51 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.51 Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow...

25 CFR 12.51 - Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct? 12.51 Section 12.51 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.51 Must Indian country law enforcement officers...

25 CFR 12.63 - Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well? 12.63 Section 12.63 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.63 Do Indian country law enforcement...

25 CFR 12.63 - Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well? 12.63 Section 12.63 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.63 Do Indian country law enforcement...

25 CFR 12.63 - Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement officers perform other duties as well? 12.63 Section 12.63 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.63 Do Indian country law enforcement...

25 CFR 12.51 - Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Must Indian country law enforcement officers follow a code of conduct? 12.51 Section 12.51 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.51 Must Indian country law enforcement officers...

Drug Testing Park Law Enforcement Officers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murrell, Dan S.; And Others

1991-01-01

Discusses drug testing for park law enforcement officers, presenting drug screening guidelines for park managers. The article examines how to establish programs, whether to screen, legal aspects, and implications of the Handicap Act (which makes it difficult to dismiss employees claiming the handicap of substance abuse without providing…

Prehospital chemical restraint of a noncommunicative autistic minor by law enforcement.

PubMed

Ho, Jeffrey D; Nystrom, Paul C; Calvo, Darryl V; Berris, Marc S; Norlin, Jeffrey F; Clinton, Joseph E

2012-01-01

When responders are dealing with an agitated patient in the field, safety for all involved may sometimes only be accomplished with physical or chemical restraints. While experiences using chemical restraint in the prehospital setting are found in the medical literature, the use of this by law enforcement as a first-response restraint has not previously been described. We report a case of successful law enforcement-administered sedation of a noncommunicative, autistic, and violent minor using intramuscular droperidol and diphenhydramine. Although this case has some unique characteristics that allowed chemical restraint to be given by the law enforcement agency, it calls attention to some specific prehospital issues that need to be addressed when dealing with autistic patients with extreme agitation.

States upgrade to primary enforcement seat belt laws : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-09-01

States with primary seat belt enforcement laws consistently : have higher observed daytime seat belt use rates than secondary : law States. Secondary belt law States, on the other : hand, consistently have more motor vehicle fatalities who : were not...

Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" campaign.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-08-01

The objective of this report was to document the results of the "Buckle Up Kentucky: It's the Law & It's Enforced" campaign in Kentucky. Data were also taken to document the change in usage after enactment of the primary enforcement law. The campaign...

Professional Development: A Six-Year Data Evaluation of HIDTA Law Enforcement Task Force Training Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burnett, Larry D.

2012-01-01

This is a nationwide six-year data study of law enforcement training and professional development in relationship to workplace productivity. Why do we care about law enforcement training and professional development? Because the law enforcement environment is not standing still. Unlawful activity, and in particular drug trafficking strategies,…

12 CFR 503.2 - Exemptions of records containing investigatory material compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... with enforcing criminal or civil laws. (d) Documents exempted. Exemptions will be applied only when... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. 503.2 Section 503.2 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. (a) Scope. The Office has established a system of records...

12 CFR 503.2 - Exemptions of records containing investigatory material compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... with enforcing criminal or civil laws. (d) Documents exempted. Exemptions will be applied only when... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. 503.2 Section 503.2 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. (a) Scope. The Office has established a system of records...

12 CFR 503.2 - Exemptions of records containing investigatory material compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... with enforcing criminal or civil laws. (d) Documents exempted. Exemptions will be applied only when... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. 503.2 Section 503.2 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. (a) Scope. The Office has established a system of records...

12 CFR 503.2 - Exemptions of records containing investigatory material compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... with enforcing criminal or civil laws. (d) Documents exempted. Exemptions will be applied only when... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. 503.2 Section 503.2 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. (a) Scope. The Office has established a system of records...

12 CFR 503.2 - Exemptions of records containing investigatory material compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... with enforcing criminal or civil laws. (d) Documents exempted. Exemptions will be applied only when... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. 503.2 Section 503.2 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT... material compiled for law enforcement purposes. (a) Scope. The Office has established a system of records...

Therapy with Law Enforcement Couples: Clinical Management of the "High-Risk Lifestyle."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borum, Randy; Philpot, Carol

1993-01-01

Reviews three primary ways in which law enforcement can affect relationships (organizational influences, peer/socialization influences, and police role influences). Identifies some common difficulties encountered by law enforcement couples and provides some basic goals and strategies for engaging them in treatment and addressing these issues in…

20 CFR 10.735 - When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer... EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.735 When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA? (a) A law enforcement...

20 CFR 10.735 - When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer... EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.735 When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA? (a) A law enforcement...

20 CFR 10.735 - When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer... EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.735 When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA? (a) A law enforcement...

20 CFR 10.735 - When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer... EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.735 When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA? (a) A law enforcement...

20 CFR 10.735 - When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer... EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.735 When is a non-Federal law enforcement officer (LEO) covered under the FECA? (a) A law enforcement...

43 CFR 422.8 - Requirements for law enforcement functions and programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... enforcement authority. (a) The law enforcement program must provide for control, accountability, coordination, and clear lines of authority and communication. This organizational structure must apply both within...

Pattern of law enforcement-related injuries in the United States.

PubMed

Chang, David C; Williams, Mallory; Sangji, Naveen F; Britt, L D; Rogers, Selwyn O

2016-06-01

The pattern of law enforcement-related injuries of police and civilians in the United States is unknown. Data were aggregated from the Federal Bureau of Investigations, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System, and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2003 to 2011. Law enforcement-related injuries in the CDC Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System and the NIS were identified using E-codes 970-976, which are meant to identify "injuries inflicted by the police or other law-enforcing agents, including military on duty, in the course of arresting or attempting to arrest lawbreakers, suppressing disturbances, maintaining order, and other legal action." The CDC reported a total of 715,118 nonfatal injuries and 3,156 fatal injuries from 2003 to 2011. In contrast, for the same period, the NIS identified a total of 3,958 patients, ranging from 348 to 572 per year. Among the injured, 1,548 (48.0%) were white, 866 were black (26.8%), and 605 were Hispanic (18.8%); 1,011 patients (25.5%) were injured by firearms, while 2,304 (58.2%) experienced blows or manhandling. Firearm-injured hospitalized patients are more likely to be male, black or Hispanics, and in the age group of 18 years to 39 years. The majority of law enforcement-related injuries are among white or black young men. Hispanic patients are more likely to be injured by a firearm than struck. When injured by firearm, white and black patients are more likely to die compared with Hispanic patients. Unfortunately, data about these injuries are scattered across multiple data systems. A uniform national system to aggregate these data sources is needed to better understand the scope of the problem, for both law enforcement personnel and civilians. Epidemiologic study, level III.

49 CFR 1546.211 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....211 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY FOREIGN AIR CARRIER SECURITY Operations § 1546.211 Law enforcement personnel. (a) At airports within the United States not governed by part 1542...

49 CFR 1546.211 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....211 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY FOREIGN AIR CARRIER SECURITY Operations § 1546.211 Law enforcement personnel. (a) At airports within the United States not governed by part 1542...

49 CFR 1546.211 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....211 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY FOREIGN AIR CARRIER SECURITY Operations § 1546.211 Law enforcement personnel. (a) At airports within the United States not governed by part 1542...

49 CFR 1546.211 - Law enforcement personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....211 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY FOREIGN AIR CARRIER SECURITY Operations § 1546.211 Law enforcement personnel. (a) At airports within the United States not governed by part 1542...

25 CFR 12.41 - Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement activities? 12.41 Section 12.41 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.41 Who keeps statistics for Indian country...

25 CFR 12.41 - Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement activities? 12.41 Section 12.41 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.41 Who keeps statistics for Indian country...

25 CFR 12.41 - Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Who keeps statistics for Indian country law enforcement activities? 12.41 Section 12.41 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.41 Who keeps statistics for Indian country...

Enforcement following 0.08% BAC law change: Sex-specific consequences of changing arrest practices?

PubMed Central

Schwartz, Jennifer; Davaran, Ardavan

2013-01-01

This research evaluated effects of stricter 0.08% BAC drunken driving law on changes in sex-specific DUI arrest rates, controlling for increased law enforcement resources and shifts in DUI-related behaviors. Another main purpose, the study assessed female/male differences in arrest increases due to broader enforcement standards and efforts. Panel data was assembled for 24 states over 1990–2007 on DUI arrests, alcohol policy, law enforcement resources, drinking and drunken driving prevalence. Two-way fixed-effects seemingly unrelated regression models predicted female versus male changes in DUI arrests following implementation of lower legal limits of intoxication, net controls. Findings suggest, first, a broader legal definition of drunken driving intending to officially sanction less serious offenders (0.08% vs. 0.10% BAC) was associated with increased DUI arrests for both sexes. Second, growth in specialized DUI-enforcement units also was related to increased arrests. Whereas male and female arrest trends were equally affected by the direct net-widening effects of 0.08% BAC alcohol-policy, specialized DUI-enforcement efforts to dig deeper into the offender-pool had stronger arrest-producing effects on females, particularly prior to law change. Specifying how changes in law and enforcement resources affect arrest outcomes is an important precursor to alcohol-policy analyses of effectiveness. A potential unintended consequence, effects of law and enforcement may differ across population segments. PMID:23773958

25 CFR 12.21 - What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.21 What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties? BIA law enforcement officers... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement...

25 CFR 12.21 - What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.21 What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties? BIA law enforcement officers... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement...

25 CFR 12.21 - What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.21 What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties? BIA law enforcement officers... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement...

25 CFR 12.21 - What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.21 What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties? BIA law enforcement officers... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement...

Attitudes, Perceptions, and Aging Knowledge of Future Law Enforcement and Recreation Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kurth, Maria L.; Intrieri, Robert C.

2017-01-01

The present study assessed knowledge of aging, ageism, and attitudes toward aging in undergraduate recreation and law enforcement majors. Past research with psychology, social work, and nursing majors showed that greater knowledge of aging was related to fewer ageist attitudes and beliefs. The results showed that law enforcement students possessed…

Relationships Among Stress Measures, Risk Factors, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Law Enforcement Officers

PubMed Central

Ramey, Sandra L.; Downing, Nancy R.; Franke, Warren D.; Perkhounkova, Yelena; Alasagheirin, Mohammad H.

2011-01-01

Law enforcement officers suffer higher morbidity and mortality rates from all causes than the general population. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for a significant portion of the excess illness, with a reported prevalence as high as 1.7 times that of the general population. To determine which occupational hazards cause this increased risk and morbidity, it is imperative to study law enforcement officers before they retire. The long-range goal of our research is to reduce the incidence of CVD-related illness and death among aging law enforcement officers. The purpose of the present study was to measure pro- and anti-atherogenic inflammatory markers in blood samples from law enforcement officers (n = 71) and determine what types of occupation-related stress correlate with differences in these markers. For each outcome variable of interest, we developed separate regression models. Two groups of potential predictors were examined for inclusion in the models. Selected measures of stress were examined for inclusion in the models, in addition to general covariates, such as gender, ethnicity, years in law enforcement, and body mass index. Our results revealed statistically significant relationships between several physiologic variables and measures of stress. PMID:21362637

Attitudes of North Carolina law enforcement officers toward syringe decriminalization

PubMed Central

Davis, Corey S.; Johnston, Jill; Zerden, Lisa de Saxe; Clark, Katie; Castillo, Tessie; Childs, Robert

2015-01-01

Background North Carolina, like much of the U.S. South, is disproportionately affected by HIV and hepatitis. This persistently high disease burden may be driven in part by laws that criminalize the possession and distribution of syringes for illicit drug use. Legal change to decriminalize syringes may reduce infection rates in the state, but is unlikely absent support from law enforcement actors. Methods We analyzed the responses of 350 North Carolina law enforcement officers to a confidential, anonymous survey. The survey instrument collected data regarding self-reported needle-stick injury (NSI), blood borne disease risk perception and attitudes toward syringe decriminalization. Results 82% of respondents reported that contracting HIV was a “big concern” for them. 3.8% of respondents reported ever receiving a job-related NSI, a rate of 36 NSI per 10,000 officer-years. Majorities of respondents reported positive views regarding syringe decriminalization, with approximately 63% agreeing that it would be “good for the community” and 60% agreeing that it would be “good for law enforcement.” Black and female officers were significantly less likely to agree that on-the-job NSI was a “big concern” and significantly more likely to agree that it would be good for law enforcement. Conclusions These findings suggest that many North Carolina LEOs understand the public health benefits of syringe access programs and may be inclined to support syringe decriminalization legislation. Further research is indicated to determine the causes of observed differences in perceptions of bloodborne disease risk and attitudes toward syringe decriminalization by race and sex. PMID:25193720

Attitudes of North Carolina law enforcement officers toward syringe decriminalization.

PubMed

Davis, Corey S; Johnston, Jill; de Saxe Zerden, Lisa; Clark, Katie; Castillo, Tessie; Childs, Robert

2014-11-01

North Carolina, like much of the U.S. South, is disproportionately affected by HIV and hepatitis. This persistently high disease burden may be driven in part by laws that criminalize the possession and distribution of syringes for illicit drug use. Legal change to decriminalize syringes may reduce infection rates in the state, but is unlikely absent support from law enforcement actors. We analyzed the responses of 350 North Carolina law enforcement officers to a confidential, anonymous survey. The survey instrument collected data regarding self-reported needle-stick injury (NSI), blood borne disease risk perception and attitudes toward syringe decriminalization. 82% of respondents reported that contracting HIV was a "big concern" for them. 3.8% of respondents reported ever receiving a job-related NSI, a rate of 36 NSI per 10,000 officer-years. Majorities of respondents reported positive views regarding syringe decriminalization, with approximately 63% agreeing that it would be "good for the community" and 60% agreeing that it would be "good for law enforcement." Black and female officers were significantly less likely to agree that on-the-job NSI was a "big concern" and significantly more likely to agree that it would be good for law enforcement. These findings suggest that many North Carolina LEOs understand the public health benefits of syringe access programs and may be inclined to support syringe decriminalization legislation. Further research is indicated to determine the causes of observed differences in perceptions of bloodborne disease risk and attitudes toward syringe decriminalization by race and sex. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Law Enforcement Officer Training, Basic Course. A Unit of the Ohio Law Enforcement Officers' Training Program. Instructor's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Dept. of Education, Columbus. Trade and Industrial Education Service.

Developed by the State Division of Vocational Education with the help of qualified consultants, this instructor's manual is for use in teaching the fundamental law enforcement procedures. Suggested time allotment, teaching guides, and presentation methods are included for each of the training procedures. Line drawings and photographs supplement…

The Linkage between Secondary Victimization by Law Enforcement and Rape Case Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patterson, Debra

2011-01-01

Prior research has suggested that almost half of rape victims are treated by law enforcement in ways that they experience as upsetting (termed "secondary victimization"). However, it remains unknown why some victims have negative experiences with law enforcement and others do not. The purpose of this study is to explore victims' experiences with…

Law Enforcement and Emergency Medicine: An Ethical Analysis.

PubMed

Baker, Eileen F; Moskop, John C; Geiderman, Joel M; Iserson, Kenneth V; Marco, Catherine A; Derse, Arthur R

2016-11-01

Emergency physicians frequently interact with law enforcement officers and patients in their custody. As always, the emergency physician's primary professional responsibility is to promote patient welfare, and his or her first duty is to the patient. Emergency physicians should treat criminals, suspects, and prisoners with the same respect and attention they afford other patients while ensuring the safety of staff, visitors, and other patients. Respect for patient privacy and protection of confidentiality are of paramount importance to the patient-physician relationship. Simultaneously, emergency physicians should attempt to accommodate law enforcement personnel in a professional manner, enlisting their aid when necessary. Often this relates to the emergency physician's socially imposed duties, governed by state laws, to report infectious diseases, suspicion of abuse or neglect, and threats of harm. It is the emergency physician's duty to maintain patient confidentiality while complying with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations and state law. Copyright © 2016 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Impaired Driving Enforcement: A Program Guide for Law Enforcement and Highway Safety Administrators

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-06-01

Law enforcement and highway safety administrators are an integral part of the solution to reduce injury and death on our roadways caused by impaired drivers. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and the National Highway Traffic Sa...

Enforcement following 0.08% BAC law change: sex-specific consequences of changing arrest practices?

PubMed

Schwartz, Jennifer; Davaran, Ardavan

2013-10-01

This research evaluated effects of stricter 0.08% BAC drunken driving law on changes in sex-specific DUI arrest rates, controlling for increased law enforcement resources and shifts in DUI-related behaviors. Another main purpose, the study assessed female/male differences in arrest increases due to broader enforcement standards and efforts. Panel data was assembled for 24 states over 1990-2007 on DUI arrests, alcohol policy, law enforcement resources, drinking and drunken driving prevalence. Two-way fixed-effects seemingly unrelated regression models predicted female versus male changes in DUI arrests following implementation of lower legal limits of intoxication, net controls. Findings suggest, first, that a broader legal definition of drunken driving intending to officially sanction less serious offenders (0.08% vs. 0.10% BAC) was associated with increased DUI arrests for both sexes. Second, growth in specialized DUI-enforcement units also was related to increased arrests. Whereas male and female arrest trends were equally affected by the direct net-widening effects of 0.08% BAC alcohol-policy, specialized DUI-enforcement efforts to dig deeper into the offender-pool had stronger arrest-producing effects on females, particularly prior to law change. Specifying how changes in law and enforcement resources affect arrest outcomes is an important pre-cursor to alcohol-policy analyses of effectiveness. A potential unintended consequence, effects of law and enforcement may differ across population segments. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fatal Injuries of Law Enforcement/Correctional Officers Attacked with Sharp-Edged Weapons.

PubMed

Chenpanas, Patsy; Bir, Cynthia

2017-05-01

According to the National Law Enforcement Memorial Fund, there were 117 law enforcement fatalities in the United States in 2015. Assaults with sharp-edged weapons have resulted in a total of over 400 fatalities in the United States. The goal of the current research was to examine sharp-edged weapon assaults against law enforcement and correctional agents that resulted in a fatal outcome. A total of twelve autopsy reports were reviewed from across the United States. Four cases involved law enforcement officers, seven involved correctional officers, and one was an off-duty border officer. The male-to-female ratio was 11:1. A total of 70.2% of the wounds analyzed were stab wounds (n = 85), and 29.8% of the wounds were slash wounds (n = 36). Based on this review, the neck, shoulder, and chest regions were the most vulnerable to single fatal stab/slash wounds. Multiple stab/slash wounds often resulted in exsanguination. The use of body armor was only noted in one case. © 2016 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2007 campaign.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-08-01

The objective of this report was to document the results of the "Buckle Up Kentucky: It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2007 campaign in Kentucky. Data were also taken to document the change in usage after enactment of the primary enforcement law. The cam...

Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2004 campaign.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-07-01

The objective of this report was to document the results of the "Buckle Up Kentucky: It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2004 campaign in Kentucky. Data were also taken to document the change in usage after enactment of the primary enforcement law. The cam...

Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2006 campaign.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-07-01

The objective of this report was to document the results of the "Buckle Up Kentucky: It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2006 campaign in Kentucky. Data were also taken to document the change in usage after enactment of the primary enforcement law. The cam...

Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2005 campaign.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-07-01

The objective of this report was to document the results of the "Buckle Up Kentucky: It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2005 campaign in Kentucky. Data were also taken to document the change in usage after enactment of the primary enforcement law. The cam...

A Descriptive Analysis of Care Provided by Law Enforcement Prior to EMS Arrival in the United States.

PubMed

Klassen, Aaron B; Core, S Brent; Lohse, Christine M; Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D

2018-04-01

Study Objectives Law enforcement is increasingly viewed as a key component in the out-of-hospital chain of survival, with expanded roles in cardiac arrest, narcotic overdose, and traumatic bleeding. Little is known about the nature of care provided by law enforcement prior to the arrival of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) assets. The purpose of the current study was to perform a descriptive analysis of events reported to a national EMS database. This study was a descriptive analysis of the 2014 National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) public release research data set, containing EMS emergency response data from 41 states. Code E09_02 1200 specifically identifies care provided by law enforcement prior to EMS arrival. A total of 25,835,729 unique events were reported. Of events in which pre-arrival care was documented, 2.0% received prior aid by law enforcement. Patients receiving law enforcement care prior to EMS arrival were more likely to be younger (52.8 [SD=23.3] years versus 58.7 [SD=23.3] years), male (54.8% versus 46.7%), and white (80.3% versus 77.5%). Basic Life Support (BLS) EMS response was twice as likely in patients receiving prior aid by law enforcement. Multiple-casualty incidents were five times more likely with prior aid by law enforcement. Compared with prior aid by other services, law enforcement pre-arrival care was more likely with motor vehicle accidents, firearm assaults, knife assaults, blunt assaults, and drug overdoses, and less likely at falls and childbirths. Cardiac arrest was significantly more common in patients receiving prior aid by law enforcement (16.5% versus 2.6%). Tourniquet application and naloxone administration were more common in the law enforcement prior aid group. Where noted, law enforcement pre-arrival care occurs in 2.0% of EMS patient encounters. The majority of cases involve cardiac arrest, motor vehicle accidents, and assaults. Better understanding of the nature of law enforcement care is

45 CFR 164.412 - Law enforcement delay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Law enforcement delay. 164.412 Section 164.412 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Notification in the Case of Breach of Unsecured Protected Health Information...

45 CFR 164.412 - Law enforcement delay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Law enforcement delay. 164.412 Section 164.412 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Notification in the Case of Breach of Unsecured Protected Health Information...

45 CFR 164.412 - Law enforcement delay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Law enforcement delay. 164.412 Section 164.412 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Notification in the Case of Breach of Unsecured Protected Health Information...

45 CFR 164.412 - Law enforcement delay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Law enforcement delay. 164.412 Section 164.412 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Notification in the Case of Breach of Unsecured Protected Health Information...

Preventing Youth Suicide: Issues for Law Enforcement Personnel

PubMed Central

Walsh, Elaine; Eggert, Leona L.

2008-01-01

Suicide is a leading cause of death for adolescents. A number of problem behaviors associated with youth suicide fall into the purview of law enforcement personnel, and they are therefore in a position to detect risk and prevent suicidal behaviors. Eight hundred one youth identified as having school difficulty, a group at increased risk for both suicide and legal problems, participated in a paper and pencil survey followed by an interview focusing on suicide risk and protective factors. Linear regression was used to examine the ability of factors within each risk and protective factor dimension to predict current suicide risk. The study goal was to determine the most relevant factors influencing suicide risk in each domain examined. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for assessment and policy for law enforcement personnel. PMID:18644625

DWI [Driving While Intoxicated] Law Enforcement Training Project: Student Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carnahan, James E.; And Others

The student manual has been prepared to serve as a workbook to assist the student officer in successfully completing the Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) Law Enforcement Training Course. It is organized under 16 subject headings (orientation, alcohol and highway safety, preparation for alcohol enforcement task, detection of the drinking…

State and local law enforcement agency efforts to prevent sales to obviously intoxicated patrons

PubMed Central

Lenk, Kathleen M.; Toomey, Traci L.; Nelson, Toben F.; Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Erickson, Darin J.

2013-01-01

Alcohol sales to intoxicated patrons are illegal and may lead to public health issues such as traffic crashes and violence. Over the past several decades, considerable effort has been made to reduce alcohol sales to underage persons but less attention has been given to the issue of sales to obviously intoxicated patrons. Studies have found a high likelihood of sales to obviously intoxicated patrons (i.e., overservice), but little is known about efforts by enforcement agencies to reduce these sales. We conducted a survey of statewide alcohol enforcement agencies and local law enforcement agencies across the U.S. to assess their strategies for enforcing laws prohibiting alcohol sales to intoxicated patrons at licensed alcohol establishments. We randomly sampled 1,631 local agencies (1082 participated), and surveyed all 49 statewide agencies that conduct alcohol enforcement. Sales to obviously intoxicated patrons were reported to be somewhat or very common in their jurisdiction by 55% of local agencies and 90% of state agencies. Twenty percent of local and 60% of state agencies reported conducting enforcement efforts to reduce sales to obviously intoxicated patrons in the past year. Among these agencies, fewer than half used specific enforcement strategies on at least a monthly basis to prevent overservice of alcohol. Among local agencies, enforcement efforts were more common among agencies that had a full-time officer specifically assigned to carry out alcohol enforcement efforts. Enforcement of laws prohibiting alcohol sales to obviously intoxicated patrons is an underutilized strategy to reduce alcohol-related problems, especially among local law enforcement agencies. PMID:24068596

State and local law enforcement agency efforts to prevent sales to obviously intoxicated patrons.

PubMed

Lenk, Kathleen M; Toomey, Traci L; Nelson, Toben F; Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Erickson, Darin J

2014-04-01

Alcohol sales to intoxicated patrons are illegal and may lead to public health issues such as traffic crashes and violence. Over the past several decades, considerable effort has been made to reduce alcohol sales to underage persons but less attention has been given to the issue of sales to obviously intoxicated patrons. Studies have found a high likelihood of sales to obviously intoxicated patrons (i.e., overservice), but little is known about efforts by enforcement agencies to reduce these sales. We conducted a survey of statewide alcohol enforcement agencies and local law enforcement agencies across the US to assess their strategies for enforcing laws prohibiting alcohol sales to intoxicated patrons at licensed alcohol establishments. We randomly sampled 1,631 local agencies (1,082 participated), and surveyed all 49 statewide agencies that conduct alcohol enforcement. Sales to obviously intoxicated patrons were reported to be somewhat or very common in their jurisdiction by 55 % of local agencies and 90 % of state agencies. Twenty percent of local and 60 % of state agencies reported conducting enforcement efforts to reduce sales to obviously intoxicated patrons in the past year. Among these agencies, fewer than half used specific enforcement strategies on at least a monthly basis to prevent overservice of alcohol. Among local agencies, enforcement efforts were more common among agencies that had a full-time officer specifically assigned to carry out alcohol enforcement efforts. Enforcement of laws prohibiting alcohol sales to obviously intoxicated patrons is an underutilized strategy to reduce alcohol-related problems, especially among local law enforcement agencies.

Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws in the United States: a national survey of state and local agencies.

PubMed

Erickson, Darin J; Farbakhsh, Kian; Toomey, Traci L; Lenk, Kathleen M; Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Nelson, Toben F

2015-01-01

Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws is an important component of efforts to prevent alcohol-involved motor vehicle fatalities. Little is known about the use of drinking-driving enforcement strategies by state and local law enforcement agencies or whether the use of strategies differs by agency and jurisdiction characteristics. We conducted two national surveys, with state patrol agencies (n = 48) and with a sample of local law enforcement agencies (n = 1,082) selected according to state and jurisdiction population size. We examined 3 primary enforcement strategies (sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, and enforcement of open container laws) and tested whether use of these strategies differed by jurisdiction and agency characteristics across state and local law enforcement agencies Most state patrol agencies reported conducting sobriety checkpoints (72.9%) and saturation patrols (95.8%), whereas less than half (43.8%) reported enforcing open container laws. In contrast, a lower proportion of local law enforcement agencies reported using these alcohol-impaired driving enforcement strategies (41.5, 62.7, and 41.1%, respectively). Sobriety checkpoint enforcement was more common in states in the dry South region (vs. wet and moderate regions). Among local law enforcement agencies, agencies with a full-time alcohol enforcement officer and agencies located in areas where drinking-driving was perceived to be very common (vs. not/somewhat common) were more likely to conduct multiple types of impaired driving enforcement. Recommended enforcement strategies to detect and prevent alcohol-impaired driving are employed in some jurisdictions and underutilized in others. Future research should explore the relationship of enforcement with drinking and driving behavior and alcohol-involved motor vehicle fatalities.

Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws in the United States: A national survey of state and local agencies

PubMed Central

Erickson, Darin J.; Farbakhsh, Kian; Toomey, Traci L.; Lenk, Kathleen M.; Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Nelson, Toben F.

2015-01-01

Objectives Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws is an important component of efforts to prevent alcohol-involved motor-vehicle fatalities. Little is known about the use of drinking-driving enforcement strategies by state and local law enforcement agencies or whether the use of strategies differs by agency and jurisdiction characteristics. Methods We conducted two national surveys, with state patrol agencies (n=48) and with a sample of local law enforcement agencies (n=1,082) selected according to state and jurisdiction population size. We examined three primary enforcement strategies (sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, and enforcement of open container laws), and tested whether use of these strategies differed by jurisdiction and agency characteristics across state and local law enforcement agencies Results Most state patrol agencies reported conducting sobriety checkpoints (72.9%) and saturation patrols (95.8%), while less than half (43.8%) reported enforcing open container laws. In contrast, a lower proportion of local law enforcement agencies reported using these alcohol-impaired driving enforcement strategies (41.5%; 62.7%; 41.1% respectively). Sobriety checkpoint enforcement was more common in states in the dry South region (vs. wet and moderate regions). Among local law enforcement agencies, agencies with a full-time alcohol enforcement officer and agencies located in areas where drinking-driving was perceived to be very common (vs. not/somewhat common) were more likely to conduct multiple types of impaired driving enforcement. Conclusions Recommended enforcement strategies to detect and prevent alcohol-impaired driving are employed in some jurisdictions and underutilized in others. Future research should explore the relationship of enforcement with drinking and driving behavior and alcohol-involved motor-vehicle fatalities. PMID:25802970

Pathways to Identity: Aiding Law Enforcement in Identification Tasks With Visual Analytics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bruce, Joseph R.; Scholtz, Jean; Hodges, Duncan

The nature of identity has changed dramatically in recent years, and has grown in complexity. Identities are defined in multiple domains: biological and psychological elements strongly contribute, but also biographical and cyber elements are necessary to complete the picture. Law enforcement is beginning to adjust to these changes, recognizing its importance in criminal justice. The SuperIdentity project seeks to aid law enforcement officials in their identification tasks through research of techniques for discovering identity traits, generation of statistical models of identity and analysis of identity traits through visualization. We present use cases compiled through user interviews in multiple fields, includingmore » law enforcement, as well as the modeling and visualization tools design to aid in those use cases.« less

Pathways to Identity. Using Visualization to Aid Law Enforcement in Identification Tasks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bruce, Joseph R.; Scholtz, Jean; Hodges, Duncan

The nature of identity has changed dramatically in recent years and has grown in complexity. Identities are defined in multiple domains: biological and psychological elements strongly contribute, but biographical and cyber elements also are necessary to complete the picture. Law enforcement is beginning to adjust to these changes, recognizing identity’s importance in criminal justice. The SuperIdentity project seeks to aid law enforcement officials in their identification tasks through research of techniques for discovering identity traits, generation of statistical models of identity and analysis of identity traits through visualization. We present use cases compiled through user interviews in multiple fields, includingmore » law enforcement, and describe the modeling and visualization tools design to aid in those use cases.« less

Primed for death: Law enforcement-citizen homicides, social media, and retaliatory violence.

PubMed

Bejan, Vladimir; Hickman, Matthew; Parkin, William S; Pozo, Veronica F

2018-01-01

We examine whether retaliatory violence exists between law enforcement and citizens while controlling for any social media contagion effect related to prior fatal encounters. Analyzed using a trivariate dynamic structural vector-autoregressive model, daily time-series data over a 21-month period captured the frequencies of police killed in the line of duty, police deadly use of force incidents, and social media coverage. The results support a significant retaliatory violence effect against minorities by police, yet there is no evidence of retaliatory violence against law enforcement officers by minorities. Also, social media coverage of the Black Lives Matter movement increases the risk of fatal victimization to both law enforcement officers and minorities. Possible explanations for these results are based in rational choice and terror management theories.

Intimate Partner Violence within Law Enforcement Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Anita S.; Lo, Celia C.

2011-01-01

Using data from the Baltimore Police Stress and Domestic Violence study, the authors examined how exposure to stressful events on the job affects law enforcement employees' physical aggression toward domestic partners, evaluating the role of negative emotions and authoritarian spillover in mediating the impact of such task-related stress. The…

49 CFR 1542.215 - Law enforcement support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.215 Law enforcement support. (a) In accordance with § 1542.217, each airport operator required to have a security... system. (b) Each airport required to have a security program under § 1542.103(c) must ensure that: (1...

49 CFR 1542.215 - Law enforcement support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.215 Law enforcement support. (a) In accordance with § 1542.217, each airport operator required to have a security... system. (b) Each airport required to have a security program under § 1542.103(c) must ensure that: (1...

49 CFR 1542.215 - Law enforcement support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.215 Law enforcement support. (a) In accordance with § 1542.217, each airport operator required to have a security... system. (b) Each airport required to have a security program under § 1542.103(c) must ensure that: (1...

49 CFR 1542.215 - Law enforcement support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY AIRPORT SECURITY Operations § 1542.215 Law enforcement support. (a) In accordance with § 1542.217, each airport operator required to have a security... system. (b) Each airport required to have a security program under § 1542.103(c) must ensure that: (1...

Evaluation of FY 1987 safety belt use law state enforcement grants

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-03-01

The report presents information and an evaluation of safety belt use law enforcement grants provided to 17 states through supplemental 403 grants during FY 1987. Elmira-type programs were to serve as a model in order to demonstrate that basic enforce...

76 FR 27355 - Law Enforcement Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System Selection and Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-11

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Office of Justice Programs [OJP (NIJ) Docket No. 1553] Law Enforcement Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System Selection and Application Guide AGENCY: National... of Justice (NIJ) will make available, to the general public, the ``Law Enforcement Vehicular Digital...

75 FR 78269 - Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System (VDMERS) Standard for Law Enforcement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-15

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Office of Justice Programs [OJP (NIJ) Docket No. 1538] Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System (VDMERS) Standard for Law Enforcement AGENCY: National Institute of... ``Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System Standard for Law Enforcement.'' The opportunity to...

Targeting adults who provide alcohol to underage youth: results from a national survey of local law enforcement agencies.

PubMed

Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Toomey, Traci L; Lenk, Kathleen M; Nelson, Toben F; Erickson, Darin J

2015-06-01

We investigated what local enforcement agencies are doing to target adults who provide alcohol to underage youth; what types of enforcement activities are being conducted to target adult providers; and factors that encourage enforcement activities that target adult providers. We surveyed 1,056 local law enforcement agencies in the US and measured whether or not the agency conducted enforcement activities that target adults who provide alcohol to underage youth. We also measured whether certain agency and jurisdiction characteristics were associated with enforcement activities that target adults who provide alcohol to underage youth. Less than half (42%) of local enforcement agencies conducted enforcement efforts targeting adults who provide alcohol to underage youth. Agencies that conducted the enforcement activities targeting adult providers were significantly more likely to have a full time officer specific to alcohol enforcement, a division specific to alcohol enforcement, a social host law, and to perceive underage drinking was very common. Results suggest that targeting social providers (i.e., adults over 21 years of age) will require greater law enforcement resources, implementation of underage drinking laws (e.g., social host policies), and changing perceptions among law enforcement regarding underage drinking. Future studies are needed to identify the most effective enforcement efforts and to examine how enforcement efforts are prospectively linked to alcohol consumption.

28 CFR 97.18 - Notification of local law enforcement prior to scheduled stops.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Notification of local law enforcement prior to scheduled stops. 97.18 Section 97.18 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR PRIVATE ENTITIES PROVIDING PRISONER OR DETAINEE SERVICES § 97.18 Notification of local law enforcement prior to scheduled stops. When...

Primed for death: Law enforcement-citizen homicides, social media, and retaliatory violence

PubMed Central

Bejan, Vladimir; Hickman, Matthew; Pozo, Veronica F.

2018-01-01

We examine whether retaliatory violence exists between law enforcement and citizens while controlling for any social media contagion effect related to prior fatal encounters. Analyzed using a trivariate dynamic structural vector-autoregressive model, daily time-series data over a 21-month period captured the frequencies of police killed in the line of duty, police deadly use of force incidents, and social media coverage. The results support a significant retaliatory violence effect against minorities by police, yet there is no evidence of retaliatory violence against law enforcement officers by minorities. Also, social media coverage of the Black Lives Matter movement increases the risk of fatal victimization to both law enforcement officers and minorities. Possible explanations for these results are based in rational choice and terror management theories. PMID:29320548

The effective use of unmanned aerial vehicles for local law enforcement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gasque, Leighton

This qualitative study was done to interview local law enforcement in Murfreesboro, Tennessee to determine if unmanned aerial vehicles could increase the safety of policy officers. Many police officers face dangerous scenarios on a daily basis; however, officers must also perform non-criminal related responsibilities that could put them in hazardous situations. UAVs have multiple capabilities that can decrease the number of hazards in an emergency situation whether it is environmental, traffic related, criminal activity, or investigations. Officers were interviewed to find whether or not unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) could be useful manpower on the police force. The study was also used to find whether or not officers foresee UAVs being used in law enforcement. The study revealed that UAVs could be used to add useful manpower to law enforcement based on the capabilities a UAV may have. Police officers cannot confirm whether or not they would be able to use a UAV until further research is conducted to examine the relation of costs to usage.

Guidelines for Working with Law Enforcement Agencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corn, Michael

2007-01-01

Many security professionals choose the career because of an interest in the technology of security. Few realize the degree to which a contemporary security office interacts with law enforcement agencies (LEAs) such as the FBI and state, local, and campus police. As the field of information security has matured, the language of risk management is…

Child Support Enforcement Amendments of 1984. Public Law 98-378.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC.

This document is the text of Public Law 98-378, the Child Support Enforcement Amendments of 1984. The act amends part D of title IV of the Social Security Act to assure, through mandatory income withholding, incentive payments to states, and other improvements in the child support enforcement program, that all children in the United States who are…

25 CFR 12.42 - Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.42 Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other agencies... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Do Indian country law enforcement programs share...

25 CFR 12.42 - Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.42 Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other agencies... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement programs share...

25 CFR 12.42 - Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.42 Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other agencies... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement programs share...

25 CFR 12.42 - Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.42 Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other agencies... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement programs share...

Targeting Adults Who Provide Alcohol to Underage Youth: Results from a National Survey of Local Law Enforcement Agencies

PubMed Central

Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Toomey, Traci L.; Lenk, Kathleen M.; Nelson, Toben F.; Erickson, Darin J.

2014-01-01

Objective We investigated what local enforcement agencies are doing to target adults who provide alcohol to underage youth; what types of enforcement activities are being conducted to target adult providers; and factors that encourage enforcement activities that target adult providers. Method We surveyed 1056 local law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and measured whether or not the agency conducted enforcement activities that target adults who provide alcohol to underage youth. We also measured whether certain agency and jurisdiction characteristics were associated with enforcement activities that target adults who provide alcohol to underage youth. Results Less than half (42%) of local enforcement agencies conducted enforcement efforts targeting adults who provide alcohol to underage youth. Agencies that conducted the enforcement activities targeting adult providers were significantly more likely to have a full time officer specific to alcohol enforcement, a division specific to alcohol enforcement, a social host law, and to perceive underage drinking was very common. Conclusions Results suggest that targeting social providers (i.e., adults over 21 years of age) will require greater law enforcement resources, implementation of underage drinking laws (e.g., social host policies), and changing perceptions among law enforcement regarding underage drinking. Future studies are needed to identify the most effective enforcement efforts and to examine how enforcement efforts are prospectively linked to alcohol consumption. PMID:25466432

Review of Canine Deaths While in Service in US Civilian Law Enforcement (2002-2012).

PubMed

Stojsih, Sarah E; Baker, Janice L; Les, Clifford M; Bir, Cynthia A

2014-01-01

Working dogs have been proven effective in multiple military and law enforcement applications. Similar to their human counterparts, understanding mortality while still in service can help improve treatment of injuries, and improve equipment and training, to potentially reduce deaths. This is a retrospective study to characterize mortality of working dogs used in civilian law enforcement. Reported causes of death were gathered from two working dog and law enforcement officer memorial websites. Of the 867 civilian law enforcement dogs reported to these memorial websites from 2002 to 2012 with reported causes of death while in service, the deaths of 318 were categorized as traumatic. The leading reported causes of traumatic death or euthanasia include trauma as a result of a vehicle strike, 25.8% (n=82); heatstroke, 24.8% (n=79); and penetrating ballistic trauma, 23.0% (n=73). Although the information gathered was from online sources, this study casts some light on the risks that civilian law enforcement dogs undergo as part of the tasks to which they are assigned. These data underscore the need for a comprehensive database for this specialized population of working dogs to provide the robust, reliable data needed to develop prevention and treatment strategies for this valuable resource. 2014.

Secondary harm mitigation: A more humanitarian framework for international drug law enforcement.

PubMed

Blaustein, Jarrett; McLay, Miki; McCulloch, Jude

2017-08-01

This article introduces the concept of 'secondary harm mitigation' as a framework for improving the humanitarian credentials of international drug law enforcement agencies. The concept is rooted in a critical analysis of the compatibility of the harm reduction philosophy with Australia's international drug law enforcement practices. On a utilitarian level, the net benefits of international drug law enforcement are determined to be, at best inconclusive, arguably counterproductive and in most cases, incalculable. On a humanitarian level, international drug law enforcement is also determined to be problematic from a criminological standpoint because it generates secondary harms and it is indifferent to the vulnerability of individuals who participate in illicit drug trafficking. Accordingly, the article concludes that a philosophy of harm reduction grounded in the public health perspective is inadequate for mitigating secondary harms arising from Australia's efforts to combat international illicit drug trafficking. A tentative list of secondary harm mitigation principles is presented and the article argues that secondary harm mitigation should replace supply reduction as a core tenet of Australia's National Drug Strategy. The article also concludes that secondary harm mitigation may provide a viable framework for stimulating a productive dialogue between those who advocate prohibition and those who call for decriminalisation at the global level. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

5 CFR 551.216 - Law enforcement activities and 7(k) coverage for FLSA pay and exemption determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Law enforcement activities and 7(k... ACT Exemptions and Exclusions § 551.216 Law enforcement activities and 7(k) coverage for FLSA pay and... section 7(k) of the Act apply to certain categories of law enforcement employees based on appropriate...

5 CFR 551.216 - Law enforcement activities and 7(k) coverage for FLSA pay and exemption determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Law enforcement activities and 7(k... ACT Exemptions and Exclusions § 551.216 Law enforcement activities and 7(k) coverage for FLSA pay and... section 7(k) of the Act apply to certain categories of law enforcement employees based on appropriate...

Kalaban: Young drug users' engagements with law enforcement in the Philippines.

PubMed

Lasco, Gideon

2018-02-01

A violent 'war on drugs' continues to be waged in the Philippines, even as the use of drugs - particular methamphetamine - continues to rise. Furnishing contextual background to the current situation, this paper explores how long-running law enforcement approaches in the Philippines might be viewed by those in their receiving end by presenting findings of an ethnography among marginalized young men. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among 20 young men throughout a 12-month period of participant-observation from December 2011 to September 2013. Young people make use of various 'tactics' to keep using drugs and evade law enforcement, even as drug use itself is a tactic in their everyday lives. A sense of hypocrisy and injustice, borne of their own experiences, informs their view of law enforcers, whom they call kalaban (enemy). They feel they are being unfairly targeted, but in their view, this danger is just part of the perils of their everyday lives. Young men's resort to various tactics speaks of an agency that is often ignored in public discourses. Their 'lay assessments of risks' and experience-based perceptions of law enforcement raises questions about the efficacy of fear-based anti-drug campaigns. Overall, the study offers an ethnographic argument against the punitive methods being employed by the Philippines, and for measures that reframe the relationship between police and young drug users - from hostility to trust. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

43 CFR 422.10 - Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. 422.10 Section 422.10 Public Lands: Interior Regulations... exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. (a) The CLEO must ensure that each officer receiving an...

43 CFR 422.10 - Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. 422.10 Section 422.10 Public Lands: Interior Regulations... exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. (a) The CLEO must ensure that each officer receiving an...

43 CFR 422.10 - Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. 422.10 Section 422.10 Public Lands: Interior Regulations... exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. (a) The CLEO must ensure that each officer receiving an...

43 CFR 422.10 - Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. 422.10 Section 422.10 Public Lands: Interior Regulations... exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. (a) The CLEO must ensure that each officer receiving an...

43 CFR 422.10 - Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Requirements for authorizing officers to exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. 422.10 Section 422.10 Public Lands: Interior Regulations... exercise Reclamation law enforcement authority. (a) The CLEO must ensure that each officer receiving an...

Application of automatic vehicle location in law enforcement: An introductory planning guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, G. R.; Leflang, W. G.

1976-01-01

A set of planning guidelines for the application of automatic vehicle location (AVL) to law enforcement is presented. Some essential characteristics and applications of AVL are outlined; systems in the operational or planning phases are discussed. Requirements analysis, system concept design, implementation planning, and performance and cost modeling are described and demonstrated with numerous examples. A detailed description of a typical law enforcement AVL system, and a list of vendor sources are given in appendixes.

25 CFR 12.2 - What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... of Law Enforcement Services? 12.2 Section 12.2 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Responsibilities § 12.2 What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services? The Director of the Office of Law...

25 CFR 12.2 - What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of Law Enforcement Services? 12.2 Section 12.2 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Responsibilities § 12.2 What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services? The Director of the Office of Law...

25 CFR 12.2 - What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of Law Enforcement Services? 12.2 Section 12.2 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Responsibilities § 12.2 What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services? The Director of the Office of Law...

25 CFR 12.2 - What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of Law Enforcement Services? 12.2 Section 12.2 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Responsibilities § 12.2 What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services? The Director of the Office of Law...

Requirements Development for Interoperability Simulation Capability for Law Enforcement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holter, Gregory M.

2004-05-19

The National Counterdrug Center (NCC) was initially authorized by Congress in FY 1999 appropriations to create a simulation-based counterdrug interoperability training capability. As the lead organization for Research and Analysis to support the NCC, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) was responsible for developing the requirements for this interoperability simulation capability. These requirements were structured to address the hardware and software components of the system, as well as the deployment and use of the system. The original set of requirements was developed through a process of conducting a user-based survey of requirements for the simulation capability, coupled with an analysismore » of similar development efforts. The user-based approach ensured that existing concerns with respect to interoperability within the law enforcement community would be addressed. Law enforcement agencies within the designated pilot area of Cochise County, Arizona, were surveyed using interviews and ride-alongs during actual operations. The results of this survey were then accumulated, organized, and validated with the agencies to ensure the accuracy of the results. These requirements were then supplemented by adapting operational requirements from existing systems to ensure system reliability and operability. The NCC adopted a development approach providing incremental capability through the fielding of a phased series of progressively more capable versions of the system. This allowed for feedback from system users to be incorporated into subsequent revisions of the system requirements, and also allowed the addition of new elements as needed to adapt the system to broader geographic and geopolitical areas, including areas along the southwest and northwest U.S. borders. This paper addresses the processes used to develop and refine requirements for the NCC interoperability simulation capability, as well as the response of the law enforcement community to the

Controlling Underage Drinking: Fear of Law Enforcement or Internalized Normative Values?

PubMed

Cook, Won Kim

2013-11-22

Previous research on alcohol control policies has generally taken a deterrence perspective. Whether internalized normative values, consistent with the changes intended by alcohol policies, were a potential base for securing public compliance with them has received little research attention. To fill this gap, this study examined whether underage young adults' support for underage drinking laws was associated with their alcohol use. National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) data collected in 1995-2005 were used. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Covariates included: sex, race, education level, household income, positive alcohol expectancies, the perceived likelihood of law enforcement, and the availability and affordability of alcohol. Controlling for other covariates, support for underage drinking laws was significantly associated with some drinking outcomes. Underage young adults who were not supportive of the minimum legal drinking age law were more likely to engage in frequent binge drinking (OR=3.08) and drinking driving (OR=4.17), and to have initiated drinking at age 16 or younger (OR=2.37). Those who indicated a lower degree of support for the zero-tolerance drunk driving law had higher odds of drinking driving (OR=4.36), as well as higher odds of having ever had alcohol (OR=5.46), current drinking (OR=5.36), and having initiated drinking at the age of 16 or younger (OR=3.09). The perceived likelihood of law enforcement was protective only from frequent binge drinking (OR=0.09). A clear articulation of potential harms associated with underage drinking to help legitimize underage drinking laws, along with their rigorous enforcement, may help reduce underage drinking.

25 CFR 12.42 - Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Do Indian country law enforcement programs share information with their own communities or other agencies? 12.42 Section 12.42 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Records and Information § 12.42 Do Indian country law enforcement program...

Equalizing Military and Civilian Law Enforcement Certification

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-20

9/113 After reviewing the minor amount of pure law enforcement training provided to MPs, it is clear that the program’s elementary design is under...Mentorship. Phase I – LETS encompassed approximately 101 hours of police training designed to provide doctrinal and contemporary police training in...Baton and Heart Saver (Automated External Defibrillator & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation). Finally, Peacekeeper Academy qualified instructors conducted

Application of computer-aided dispatch in law enforcement: An introductory planning guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sohn, R. L.; Gurfield, R. M.; Garcia, E. A.; Fielding, J. E.

1975-01-01

A set of planning guidelines for the application of computer-aided dispatching (CAD) to law enforcement is presented. Some essential characteristics and applications of CAD are outlined; the results of a survey of systems in the operational or planning phases are summarized. Requirements analysis, system concept design, implementation planning, and performance and cost modeling are described and demonstrated with numerous examples. Detailed descriptions of typical law enforcement CAD systems, and a list of vendor sources, are given in appendixes.

5 CFR 831.912 - Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for retirement purposes by certain police...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters Regulations Pertaining to Noncodified Statutes § 831.912 Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Elections to be deemed a law enforcement...

5 CFR 831.912 - Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for retirement purposes by certain police...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters Regulations Pertaining to Noncodified Statutes § 831.912 Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Elections to be deemed a law enforcement...

5 CFR 831.912 - Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for retirement purposes by certain police...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters Regulations Pertaining to Noncodified Statutes § 831.912 Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Elections to be deemed a law enforcement...

5 CFR 831.912 - Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for retirement purposes by certain police...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters Regulations Pertaining to Noncodified Statutes § 831.912 Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Elections to be deemed a law enforcement...

5 CFR 831.912 - Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for retirement purposes by certain police...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters Regulations Pertaining to Noncodified Statutes § 831.912 Elections to be deemed a law enforcement officer for... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Elections to be deemed a law enforcement...

Effect of drug law enforcement on drug market violence: a systematic review.

PubMed

Werb, Dan; Rowell, Greg; Guyatt, Gordon; Kerr, Thomas; Montaner, Julio; Wood, Evan

2011-03-01

Violence is amongst the primary concerns of communities around the world and research has demonstrated links between violence and the illicit drug trade, particularly in urban settings. Given the growing emphasis on evidence-based policy-making, and the ongoing severe drug market violence in Mexico and other settings, we conducted a systematic review to examine the impacts of drug law enforcement on drug market violence. We conducted a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Specifically, we undertook a search of English language electronic databases (Academic Search Complete, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, Social Service Abstracts, PAIS International and Lexis-Nexis), the Internet (Google, Google Scholar), and article reference lists, from database inception to January 24, 2011. Overall, 15 studies were identified that evaluated the impact of drug law enforcement on drug market violence, including 11 (73%) longitudinal analyses using linear regression, 2 (13%) mathematical drug market models, and 2 (13%) qualitative studies. Fourteen (93%) studies reported an adverse impact of drug law enforcement on levels of violence. Ten of the 11 (91%) studies employing longitudinal qualitative analyses found a significant association between drug law enforcement and drug market violence. Our findings suggest that increasing drug law enforcement is unlikely to reduce drug market violence. Instead, the existing evidence base suggests that gun violence and high homicide rates may be an inevitable consequence of drug prohibition and that disrupting drug markets can paradoxically increase violence. In this context, and since drug prohibition has not meaningfully reduced drug supply, alternative regulatory models will be required if drug supply and drug market violence are to be meaningfully reduced. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Safety belt use laws : evaluation of primary enforcement and other provisions

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-10-01

As of January 1995, all states except Maine and New Hampshire had laws requiring safety belt use. These laws vary widely in their enforcement options (primary or secondary), scope of coverage (vehicles covered and seats covered), fine levels, and oth...

Nighttime enforcement of seat belt laws : an evaluation of three community programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-01

Programs to enforce seat belt laws at night were conducted in Asheville and Greenville, North Carolina and Charleston, West Virginia. It was concluded that night belt use publicity and enforcement efforts can be effective both for increasing belt use...

Retailers' Views of Tobacco Policy and Law Enforcement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinert, Bonita; Carver, Vivien; Range, Lillian M.; Pike, Chris

2009-01-01

Aims: Tobacco retailers are in a unique position to implement policies that can influence sales and ultimately tobacco use, so the present survey explored retailers' tobacco policies, involvement and problems with law enforcement, and pessimism about whether youth will obtain tobacco products. Methods: 144 randomly selected tobacco retailers…

Do law enforcement interactions reduce the initiation of injection drug use? An investigation in three North American settings.

PubMed

Melo, J S; Garfein, R S; Hayashi, K; Milloy, M J; DeBeck, K; Sun, S; Jain, S; Strathdee, S A; Werb, D

2018-01-01

The prevention of drug injecting is often cited as a justification for the deployment of law enforcement and for the continuation of drug criminalization policies. We sought to characterize the impact of law enforcement interactions on the risk that people who inject drugs (PWID) report assisting others with injection initiation in three North American countries. Cross-sectional data from PWID participating in cohort studies in three cities (San Diego, USA; Tijuana, Mexico; Vancouver, Canada) were pooled (August 2014-December 2016). The dependent variable was defined as recently (i.e., past six months) providing injection initiation assistance; the primary independent variable was the frequency of recent law enforcement interactions, defined categorically (0 vs. 1 vs. 2-5 vs. ≥6). We employed multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess this relationship while controlling for potential confounders. Among 2122 participants, 87 (4.1%) reported recently providing injection initiation assistance, and 802 (37.8%) reported recent law enforcement interactions. Reporting either one or more than five recent interactions with law enforcement was not significantly associated with injection initiation assistance. Reporting 2-5 law enforcement interactions was associated with initiation assistance (Adjusted Odds Ratio=1.74, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.01-3.02). Reporting interactions with law enforcement was not associated with a reduced likelihood that PWID reported initiating others into injection drug use. Instead, we identified a positive association between reporting law enforcement interactions and injection initiation assistance among PWID in multiple settings. These findings raise concerns regarding the effectiveness of drug law enforcement to deter injection drug use initiation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application of mobile digital communications in law enforcement, an introductory planning guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sohn, R. L.; Abraham, J. E.; Leflang, W. G.; Kennedy, R. D.; Wilson, J. H.; Gurfield, R. M.

1975-01-01

A set of planning guidelines for the application of digital communications techniques to law enforcement use is presented. Some essential characteristics of digital techniques and their applications are outlined, as are some principles of system analysis, evaluation, and planning. Requirements analysis, system concept design, implementation planning, and performance and cost modeling are described and demonstrated with respect to this application problem. Information on law enforcement digital communications systems and equipment and a list of vendor sources are given in appendices.

25 CFR 12.62 - Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.62 Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it? Each local law enforcement... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement...

Controlling Underage Drinking: Fear of Law Enforcement or Internalized Normative Values?

PubMed Central

Cook, Won Kim

2014-01-01

Background Previous research on alcohol control policies has generally taken a deterrence perspective. Whether internalized normative values, consistent with the changes intended by alcohol policies, were a potential base for securing public compliance with them has received little research attention. To fill this gap, this study examined whether underage young adults’ support for underage drinking laws was associated with their alcohol use. Methods National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) data collected in 1995–2005 were used. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Covariates included: sex, race, education level, household income, positive alcohol expectancies, the perceived likelihood of law enforcement, and the availability and affordability of alcohol. Results Controlling for other covariates, support for underage drinking laws was significantly associated with some drinking outcomes. Underage young adults who were not supportive of the minimum legal drinking age law were more likely to engage in frequent binge drinking (OR=3.08) and drinking driving (OR=4.17), and to have initiated drinking at age 16 or younger (OR=2.37). Those who indicated a lower degree of support for the zero-tolerance drunk driving law had higher odds of drinking driving (OR=4.36), as well as higher odds of having ever had alcohol (OR=5.46), current drinking (OR=5.36), and having initiated drinking at the age of 16 or younger (OR=3.09). The perceived likelihood of law enforcement was protective only from frequent binge drinking (OR=0.09). Conclusion A clear articulation of potential harms associated with underage drinking to help legitimize underage drinking laws, along with their rigorous enforcement, may help reduce underage drinking. PMID:25243198

21 CFR 201.125 - Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 201.125 Section 201.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... § 201.125 Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A drug subject to § 201...

21 CFR 201.125 - Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 201.125 Section 201.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... § 201.125 Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A drug subject to § 201...

21 CFR 201.125 - Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 201.125 Section 201.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... § 201.125 Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A drug subject to § 201...

21 CFR 201.125 - Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 201.125 Section 201.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... § 201.125 Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A drug subject to § 201...

21 CFR 201.125 - Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 201.125 Section 201.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... § 201.125 Drugs for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A drug subject to § 201...

24 CFR 291.520 - Eligible law enforcement officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Eligible law enforcement officers. 291.520 Section 291.520 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT HUD-OWNED...

Qualitative assessment of take-home naloxone program participant and law enforcement interactions in British Columbia.

PubMed

Deonarine, Andrew; Amlani, Ashraf; Ambrose, Graham; Buxton, Jane A

2016-05-21

The British Columbia take-home naloxone (BCTHN) program has been in operation since 2012 and has resulted in the successful reversal of over 581 opioid overdoses. The study aims to explore BCTHN program participant perspectives about the program, barriers to participants contacting emergency services (calling "911") during an overdose, and perspectives of law enforcement officials on naloxone administration by police officers. Two focus groups and four individual interviews were conducted with BCTHN program participants; interviews with two law enforcement officials were also conducted. Qualitative analysis of all transcripts was performed. Positive themes about the BCTHN program from participants included easy to understand training, correcting misperceptions in the community, and positive interactions with emergency services. Potential barriers to contacting emergency services during an overdose include concerns about being arrested for outstanding warrants or for other illegal activities (such as drug possession) and confiscation of kits. Law enforcement officials noted that warrants were complex situational issues, kits would normally not be confiscated, and admitted arrests for drug possession or other activities may not serve the public good in an overdose situation. Law enforcement officials were concerned about legal liability and jurisdictional/authorization issues if naloxone administration privileges were expanded to police. Program participants and law enforcement officials expressed differing perspectives about warrants, kit confiscation, and arrests. Facilitating communication between BCTHN program participants and other stakeholders may address some of the confusion and remove potential barriers to further improving program outcomes. Naloxone administration by law enforcement would require policies to address jurisdiction/authorization and liability issues.

Analysis of illicit drugs in wastewater - Is there an added value for law enforcement?

PubMed

Been, F; Esseiva, P; Delémont, O

2016-09-01

Assessing illicit drug use through the analysis of wastewater is progressively being integrated into existing methods used to monitor the epidemiology of drug use. However, the approach's potential to deliver pertinent information for law enforcement has been discussed only limitedly. Thus, this work focuses on evaluating the added value of the approach from the perspective of law enforcement. Results from wastewater analysis carried out in two cities in Switzerland were scrutinised, taking into account intelligence derived from the work of drug enforcement in the area. Focus was set on three substances, namely cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine. Findings show that results from wastewater analysis can be used by law enforcement to assess the market share held by criminal groups. Combined with intelligence resulting from police work (e.g., investigations and informants), wastewater analysis can contribute to deciphering the structure of drug markets, as well as the local organisation of trafficking networks. The results presented here constitute valuable pieces of information, which can be used by law enforcement to guide decisions at strategic and/or operational levels. Furthermore, intelligence gathered through investigations and surveillance constitutes an alternative viewpoint to evaluate results of wastewater analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

8 CFR 1003.47 - Identity, law enforcement, or security investigations or examinations relating to applications...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Identity, law enforcement, or security investigations or examinations relating to applications for immigration relief, protection, or restriction on... Procedure § 1003.47 Identity, law enforcement, or security investigations or examinations relating to...

Criminal Justice Education: Investigation of Retention, Self-Efficacy, and Teaching Style in College Based versus Law Enforcement Academies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drummond, Frank J.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate measures of retention, self-efficacy, and teaching style in a college based law enforcement program versus an agency based law enforcement academy on the west coast through survey methods. A total of 35 law enforcement based academy instructors (i.e., Modesto) and 30 college based academy instructors…

The effect of law enforcement deployment patterns on motorists' speeds : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-12-01

The combination of increased demands on Oregons transportation system and limited law enforcement resources has led the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) to investigate whether a relationship exists between motorists speeds and law enf...

5 CFR 842.208 - Firefighters, law enforcement officers, and nuclear materials couriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., and nuclear materials couriers. 842.208 Section 842.208 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL... ANNUITY Eligibility § 842.208 Firefighters, law enforcement officers, and nuclear materials couriers. (a... enforcement officer or nuclear materials courier totaling 25 years; or (2) After becoming age 50 and...

Examining the spatial distribution of law enforcement encounters among people who inject drugs after implementation of Mexico's drug policy reform.

PubMed

Gaines, Tommi L; Beletsky, Leo; Arredondo, Jaime; Werb, Daniel; Rangel, Gudelia; Vera, Alicia; Brouwer, Kimberly

2015-04-01

In 2009, Mexico decriminalized the possession of small amounts of illicit drugs for personal use in order to refocus law enforcement resources on drug dealers and traffickers. This study examines the spatial distribution of law enforcement encounters reported by people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico to identify concentrated areas of policing activity after implementation of the new drug policy. Mapping the physical location of law enforcement encounters provided by PWID (n = 461) recruited through targeted sampling, we identified hotspots of extra-judicial encounters (e.g., physical/sexual abuse, syringe confiscation, and money extortion by law enforcement) and routine authorized encounters (e.g., being arrested or stopped but not arrested) using point density maps and the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic calculated at the neighborhood-level. Approximately half of the participants encountered law enforcement more than once in a calendar year and nearly one third of these encounters did not result in arrest but involved harassment or abuse by law enforcement. Statistically significant hotspots of law enforcement encounters were identified in a limited number of neighborhoods located in areas with known drug markets. At the local-level, law enforcement activities continue to target drug users despite a national drug policy that emphasizes drug treatment diversion rather than punitive enforcement. There is a need for law enforcement training and improved monitoring of policing tactics to better align policing with public health goals.

Three Essays on Law Enforcement and Emergency Response Information Sharing and Collaboration: An Insider Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Treglia, Joseph V.

2013-01-01

This dissertation identifies what may be done to overcome barriers to information sharing among federal, tribal, state, and local law enforcement agencies and emergency responders. Social, technical, and policy factors related to information sharing and collaboration in the law enforcement and emergency response communities are examined. This…

Tactical medical skill requirements for law enforcement officers: a 10-year analysis of line-of-duty deaths.

PubMed

Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D

2010-01-01

In the absence of other data, military Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) precepts are increasingly being adapted to law enforcement needs. The purpose of this study is to better describe the nature of potentially preventable law enforcement Line-of-Duty Deaths (LODDs) occurring as a result of felonious assaults. A retrospective analysis was performed of open source data available through the US Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA) program for the years 1998-2007 inclusive. After applying exclusion criteria, 341 victim officers were included in the study. The most common cause of death was head trauma (n=198), followed by chest trauma (n=90). There were 123 victim officers that suffered potentially preventable deaths; the majority of these injuries involved the chest. Over the 10-year study period, only two officers (0.6%) died from isolated extremity hemorrhage. The current emphasis of TCCC on control of exsanguinating extremity hemorrhage may not meet the needs of law enforcement personnel in an environment with expedited access to well-developed trauma systems. Further study is needed to better examine the causes of preventable deaths in law enforcement officers, as well as the most appropriate law enforcement tactical medical skill set and treatment priorities.

Comparing child protective investigation performance between law enforcement agencies and child welfare agencies.

PubMed

Jordan, Neil; Yampolskaya, Svetlana; Gustafson, Mara; Armstrong, Mary; McNeish, Roxann; Vargo, Amy

2011-01-01

This study examines the comparative effectiveness of using law enforcement agencies for child protective investigation (CPI), in contrast with the traditional approach of CPI conducted by the public child welfare agency. The analysis uses 2006-2007 data from a natural experiment conducted in Florida to show modest differences in performance and cost-efficiency between the two approaches to CPI. These findings may have implications for other states considering outsourcing CPI to law enforcement.

25 CFR 12.1 - Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement function?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement function? 12.1 Section 12.1 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Responsibilities § 12.1 Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian...

25 CFR 12.1 - Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement function?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement function? 12.1 Section 12.1 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Responsibilities § 12.1 Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian...

25 CFR 12.1 - Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement function?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement function? 12.1 Section 12.1 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Responsibilities § 12.1 Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian...

25 CFR 12.1 - Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement function?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement function? 12.1 Section 12.1 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Responsibilities § 12.1 Who is responsible for the Bureau of Indian...

Creating a drug law enforcement research agenda.

PubMed

Reuter, Peter

2017-03-01

Drug law enforcement (DLE) research has been poorly funded relative to drug treatment research. The literature is slight in volume and not yet very insightful. Taking the lack of funding to represent a chronic lack of public interest in the effects of DLE, the article offers a set of suggestions for how to create of a stronger DLE research community. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

25 CFR 12.31 - Are there any minimum employment standards for Indian country law enforcement personnel?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Are there any minimum employment standards for Indian country law enforcement personnel? 12.31 Section 12.31 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Qualifications and Training Requirements § 12.31 Are there any minimum employment standards...

Law enforcement officers in the USDA forest service

Treesearch

Deborah J. Chavez; Joanne F. Tynon

2006-01-01

This paper reports results fiom the first in a series of studies evaluating perceptions of law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the US Forest Service (USFS). It is a follow-up to previous qualitative studies conducted to learn more about crime and violence in national forests and the impacts on recreation visitation and management, and test key characteristics of success...

46 CFR 386.25 - Enforcement, penalties and other laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 386.25 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS GOVERNING PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS AT THE UNITED STATES MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY § 386.25 Enforcement, penalties and other laws. Whoever shall be found guilty of violating any regulations in this part while in...

21 CFR 801.125 - Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 801.125 Section 801.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... Directions for Use § 801.125 Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A...

21 CFR 801.125 - Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 801.125 Section 801.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... Directions for Use § 801.125 Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A...

21 CFR 801.125 - Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 801.125 Section 801.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... Directions for Use § 801.125 Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A...

21 CFR 801.125 - Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 801.125 Section 801.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... Directions for Use § 801.125 Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A...

21 CFR 801.125 - Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. 801.125 Section 801.125 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... Directions for Use § 801.125 Medical devices for use in teaching, law enforcement, research, and analysis. A...

Ethics On The Fly: Toward A Drone - Specific Code Of Conduct For Law Enforcement

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202- 4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget... documentary evidence of ethical frameworks for UAS currently in use by law enforcement. A comparative policy analysis is then performed to identify...Using the case study method, this thesis considered documentary evidence of ethical frameworks for UAS currently in use by law enforcement. A

Evaluation of Maine's seat belt law change from secondary to primary enforcement.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-04-01

Maine upgraded its seat belt law to primary enforcement on September 20, 2007. Both daytime and nighttime observed belt use increased in the months following implementation of the law (daytime 77% to 84%; night 69% to 81%). Although daytime belt use ...

Videofile for Law Enforcement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Components of a videotape storage and retrieval system originally developed for NASA have been adapted as a tool for law enforcement agencies. Ampex Corp., Redwood City, Cal., built a unique system for NASA-Marshall. The first application of professional broadcast technology to computerized record-keeping, it incorporates new equipment for transporting tapes within the system. After completing the NASA system, Ampex continued development, primarily to improve image resolution. The resulting advanced system, known as the Ampex Videofile, offers advantages over microfilm for filing, storing, retrieving, and distributing large volumes of information. The system's computer stores information in digital code rather than in pictorial form. While microfilm allows visual storage of whole documents, it requires a step before usage--developing the film. With Videofile, the actual document is recorded, complete with photos and graphic material, and a picture of the document is available instantly.

Use of force by law enforcement: an evaluation of safetyand injury.

PubMed

Strote, Jared; Verzemnieks, Erik; Walsh, Mimi; Hutson, H Range

2010-11-01

Little is known about the frequency and types of injuries sustained from law enforcement use of force (UOF). The purpose of this study was to examine injury patterns and subject conditions after law enforcement UOF under real-life conditions. A retrospective cohort design was used to examine every UOF by a single police department from January through December, 2006. Data were collected from law enforcement UOF forms as well as medical records and included conditions surrounding the UOF, medical histories, and data from emergency department (ED) evaluations and hospital admissions. Of 888 individuals subjected to force during the study period, 86.9% were men and the average body mass index was 25.8. Ages ranged from 10 to 77 years; juveniles comprised 5.6%. Of the types of force used by police, 73.7% were blows with arms or legs; 15.9% were Taser, 4.6% were capsicum spray, 1.7% were K-9, 0.7% were impact weapons, and 0.2% were firearms. Of the 630 (70.9%) with medical records, 78.7% had a substance abuse or psychiatric history. ED evaluations occurred for 187 (21.1% of) incidents. When laboratory workup occurred, 75.5% had positive urine toxicology and 45.9% had positive ethanol levels. Admission occurred in 15.5% (29) of ED presentations (3.3% of all subjects); of these, 9 (31.0%) were for UOF-related injury. Two subjects in the study died: one as a result of firearm injury and one by suicide after UOF; both were declared dead on scene. Significant injuries related to law enforcement UOF in one city were rare and the only deaths were related to firearm use. A large percentage of those subjected to UOF had diagnoses of substance abuse and/or psychiatric conditions, and most hospital admissions were for problems unrelated to the UOF.

Follow The Silk Road: How Internet Affordances Influence and Transform Crime and Law Enforcement

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

enforcing laws against the illegal movement of people and goods when that movement is facilitated by the Internet. Criminal use of the dark web, Tor...information about the challenges involved with enforcing laws against the illegal movement of people and goods when that movement is facilitated by the...cross a digital border. The investigative tools for examining or inspecting people or goods are less effective or completely impossible when

The Role of Law Enforcement in Prevention. Prevention Update

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higher Education Center for Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Violence Prevention, 2011

2011-01-01

As campuses and communities across the country grapple with problems related to unruly house parties, neighborhood disruptions, and alcohol-fueled "celebratory" incidents, they are developing partnerships with law enforcement agencies to implement strategies to reduce such problems and protect the health and safety of students and residents alike.…

Homicides of law enforcement officers responding to domestic disturbance calls.

PubMed

Kercher, Cassandra; Swedler, David I; Pollack, Keshia M; Webster, Daniel W

2013-10-01

To describe the law enforcement officer (LEO), encounter, perpetrator and victim characteristics of domestic disturbance-related LEO homicides in the USA from 1996 to 2010. Narrative text analysis was conducted on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's annual report 'Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted'. Potential cases were confirmed if the narrative included the term 'domestic disturbance' or a domestic disturbance situation was described. 116 LEOs were killed while responding to domestic disturbance calls. Ninety-five per cent of these homicides were committed with a firearm. Sixty-seven per cent of LEOs were wearing body armour when killed; however, 52% received the fatal wound to the head/neck. Sixty-one per cent of suspects had a criminal history mentioned within the narratives and perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) were more likely to be killed by LEOs than suspects involved in other forms of domestic violence. Victims of the domestic disturbance were killed in 21% of the IPV-related LEO homicide cases as opposed to only 5% of other domestic disturbance calls. A firearm was the most common weapon used in the murder of a domestic disturbance victim (86%). This study describes domestic disturbance-related LEO homicides. Future research in this area should further examine the dangers unique to domestic disturbance calls. A longitudinal analysis could provide greater understanding of the injury and mortality risks faced by LEOs, in order to inform homicide prevention among law enforcement.

25 CFR 12.55 - Are there any limits on how much force an officer can use when performing law enforcement duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... when performing law enforcement duties? 12.55 Section 12.55 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.55 Are there any limits on how much force an officer can use when performing law enforcement duties? The Director will...

25 CFR 12.55 - Are there any limits on how much force an officer can use when performing law enforcement duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... when performing law enforcement duties? 12.55 Section 12.55 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.55 Are there any limits on how much force an officer can use when performing law enforcement duties? The Director will...

25 CFR 12.55 - Are there any limits on how much force an officer can use when performing law enforcement duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... when performing law enforcement duties? 12.55 Section 12.55 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.55 Are there any limits on how much force an officer can use when performing law enforcement duties? The Director will...

25 CFR 12.55 - Are there any limits on how much force an officer can use when performing law enforcement duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... when performing law enforcement duties? 12.55 Section 12.55 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Conduct § 12.55 Are there any limits on how much force an officer can use when performing law enforcement duties? The Director will...

Web-GIS based information management system to Bureau of Law Enforcement for Urban Managementenforcement for urban management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Hai; Wang, Cheng; Ren, Bo

2007-06-01

Daily works of Law Enforcement Bureau are crucial in the urban management. However, with the development of the city, the information and data which are relative to Law Enforcement Bureau's daily work are increasing and updating. The increasing data result in that some traditional work is limited and inefficient in daily work. Analyzing the demands and obstacles of Law Enforcement Bureau, the paper proposes a new method to solve these problems. A web-GIS based information management system was produced for Bureau of Law Enforcement for Urban Management of Foshan. First part of the paper provides an overview of the system. Second part introduces the architecture of system and data organization. In the third part, the paper describes the design and implement of functional modules detailedly. In the end, this paper is concluded and proposes some strategic recommendations for the further development of the system. This paper focuses on the architecture and implementation of the system, solves the developing issues based on ArcServer, and introduces a new concept to the local government to solve the current problems. Practical application of this system showed that it played very important role in the Law Enforcement Bureau's work.

LiveWall Operational Evaluation: Seattle Law Enforcement Pilot

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barr, Jonathan L.; Burtner, Edwin R.; Stein, Steven L.

2013-10-01

The LiveWall concept envisioned as an outgrowth of the Precision Information Environment (PIE) project allows communications between separate groups using interactive video, audio, and a shared desktop environment; this allows everyone to participate and collaborate in real time, regardless of location. The LiveWall concept provides a virtual window to other locations, where all parties can interact and collaboratively work with each other. This functionality is intended to improve multi-site coordination amongst emergency operations centers (EOC), field operations sites and across organizations and jurisdictions to accommodate communications during routine and emergency events. For the initial LiveWall operational evaluation PNNL partnered withmore » the Seattle Police Department (SPD). This partnership allowed for the creation of an excellent LiveWall test bed specific to law enforcement. This partnership made it possible to test the LiveWall concept with scenarios involving the many facets of the law enforcement work done by SPD. PNNL and SPD agreed that integrating the systems into operations for a real event would be the best test of the technology and give SPD staff greater visibility into the functionality and benefits offered by the LiveWall concept.« less

25 CFR 12.21 - What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What authority is given to Indian country law enforcement officers to perform their duties? 12.21 Section 12.21 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Authority and Jurisdiction § 12.21 What authority is given to Indian country law...

50 CFR 404.8 - Emergencies and law enforcement activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergencies and law enforcement activities. 404.8 Section 404.8 Wildlife and Fisheries JOINT REGULATIONS (UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE);...

Law Enforcement Use of Threat Assessments to Predict Violence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Tracey Michelle

2016-01-01

The purpose of this qualitative, descriptive multiple case study was to explore what process, policies and procedures, or set of empirically supported norms governed law enforcement officers in a selected county in the southwest region of the United States when threat assessments were conducted on potentially violent subjects threatening mass…

Work-Associated Stress and Nicotine Dependence among Law Enforcement Personnel in Mangalore, India.

PubMed

Priyanka, R; Rao, Ashwini; Rajesh, Gururaghavendran; Shenoy, Ramya; Pai, Bh Mithun

2016-01-01

To investigate the work associated stress and nicotine dependence among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore, India. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore, India. Demographic details, stress factors experienced at work and nicotine dependency were the variables studied. The extent of stress factors experienced at work was assessed using the Effort-Reward Imbalance scale (ERI). Nicotine dependence was measured using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST). Logistic regression was used for the statistical analysis. Three hundred and four law enforcement personnel participated in the study, among whom 68 had the presence of one or more habits like tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol use. The mean effort score was 15.8±4.10 and the mean reward and mean overcommitment scores were 36.4±7.09 and 17.8±5.32 respectively. Effort/Reward ratio for the total participants was 1.0073 and for those with nicotine habit was 1.0850. Results of our study demonstrated no significant association between domains of ERI scale and presence of habits but work associated stress was associated with the presence of one or more habits. Compared to constables, head constables had 1.12 times higher risk of having a nicotine habit. Our study implies job designation is associated with nicotine habits. However, there was no association between work associated stress and nicotine dependence among law enforcement personnel in Mangalore.

75 FR 53731 - Delegation From the Secretary of Certain Certification Functions in Maritime Law Enforcement to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE [Delegation of Authority 332] Delegation From the Secretary of Certain Certification Functions in Maritime Law Enforcement to the Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs By virtue of the authority vested in the Secretary of State, including the authority of section 1 of the State Department...

28 CFR 1100.29 - The roles and responsibilities of federal law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State officials under the Trafficking Victims... and responsibilities of federal law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State officials under... trafficking in persons as early as possible in the investigation and prosecution process, to ensure efforts...

28 CFR 1100.29 - The roles and responsibilities of federal law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State officials under the Trafficking Victims... and responsibilities of federal law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State officials under... trafficking in persons as early as possible in the investigation and prosecution process, to ensure efforts...

28 CFR 1100.29 - The roles and responsibilities of federal law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State officials under the Trafficking Victims... and responsibilities of federal law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State officials under... trafficking in persons as early as possible in the investigation and prosecution process, to ensure efforts...

28 CFR 1100.29 - The roles and responsibilities of federal law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State officials under the Trafficking Victims... and responsibilities of federal law enforcement, immigration, and Department of State officials under... trafficking in persons as early as possible in the investigation and prosecution process, to ensure efforts...

Community Norms, Enforcement Of Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws, Personal Beliefs And Underage Drinking: An Explanatory Model

PubMed Central

Grube, Joel W.; Paschall, Mallie J.

2009-01-01

Strategies to enforce underage drinking laws are aimed at reducing youth access to alcohol from commercial and social sources and deterring its possession and use. However, little is known about the processes through which enforcement strategies may affect underage drinking. The purpose of the current study is to present and test a conceptual model that specifies possible direct and indirect relationships among adolescents’ perception of community alcohol norms, enforcement of underage drinking laws, personal beliefs (perceived parental disapproval of alcohol use, perceived alcohol availability, perceived drinking by peers, perceived harm and personal disapproval of alcohol use), and their past-30-day alcohol use. This study used data from 17,830 middle and high school students who participated in the 2007 Oregon Health Teens Survey. Structural equations modeling indicated that perceived community disapproval of adolescents’ alcohol use was directly and positively related to perceived local police enforcement of underage drinking laws. In addition, adolescents’ personal beliefs appeared to mediate the relationship between perceived enforcement of underage drinking laws and past-30-day alcohol use. Enforcement of underage drinking laws appeared to partially mediate the relationship between perceived community disapproval and personal beliefs related to alcohol use. Results of this study suggests that environmental prevention efforts to reduce underage drinking should target adults’ attitudes and community norms about underage drinking as well as the beliefs of youth themselves. PMID:20135210

Strong gun laws are not enough: the need for improved enforcement of secondhand gun transfer laws in Massachusetts.

PubMed

Braga, Anthony A; Hureau, David M

2015-10-01

Research suggests that an overwhelming majority of crime guns were transferred by private sellers before recovery by law enforcement. Unfortunately, most states do not regulate these transactions. This study examines whether analyses of state-level private transfer data could be used to develop interventions to reduce the supply of handguns to violent criminals. Traced Boston crime handguns first sold at Massachusetts license dealers were matched to state secondhand gun transfer data. Logistic regression and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of recovered crime guns and in-state primary and secondary market transaction patterns. For crime handguns with records of secondary market transactions in Massachusetts, many rapidly move from private transfer to recovery by the police. Unfortunately, important transaction data on the in-state sources of nearly 63% of recovered handguns were not readily available to law enforcement agencies. Data on private transfers of guns could be used to prevent violent injuries by reducing criminal access. However, the passage of strong private transfer gun laws needs to be accompanied by investments in the vigorous enforcement of reporting requirements. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Post-crackdown effectiveness of field-based forest law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon.

PubMed

Börner, Jan; Kis-Katos, Krisztina; Hargrave, Jorge; König, Konstantin

2015-01-01

Regulatory enforcement of forest conservation laws is often dismissed as an ineffective approach to reducing tropical forest loss. Yet, effective enforcement is often a precondition for alternative conservation measures, such as payments for environmental services, to achieve desired outcomes. Fair and efficient policies to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) will thus crucially depend on understanding the determinants and requirements of enforcement effectiveness. Among potential REDD candidate countries, Brazil is considered to possess the most advanced deforestation monitoring and enforcement infrastructure. This study explores a unique dataset of over 15 thousand point coordinates of enforcement missions in the Brazilian Amazon during 2009 and 2010, after major reductions of deforestation in the region. We study whether local deforestation patterns have been affected by field-based enforcement and to what extent these effects vary across administrative boundaries. Spatial matching and regression techniques are applied at different spatial resolutions. We find that field-based enforcement operations have not been universally effective in deterring deforestation during our observation period. Inspections have been most effective in reducing large-scale deforestation in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, where average conservation effects were 4.0 and 9.9 hectares per inspection, respectively. Despite regional and actor-specific heterogeneity in inspection effectiveness, field-based law enforcement is highly cost-effective on average and might be enhanced by closer collaboration between national and state-level authorities.

Post-Crackdown Effectiveness of Field-Based Forest Law Enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon

PubMed Central

Börner, Jan; Kis-Katos, Krisztina; Hargrave, Jorge; König, Konstantin

2015-01-01

Regulatory enforcement of forest conservation laws is often dismissed as an ineffective approach to reducing tropical forest loss. Yet, effective enforcement is often a precondition for alternative conservation measures, such as payments for environmental services, to achieve desired outcomes. Fair and efficient policies to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) will thus crucially depend on understanding the determinants and requirements of enforcement effectiveness. Among potential REDD candidate countries, Brazil is considered to possess the most advanced deforestation monitoring and enforcement infrastructure. This study explores a unique dataset of over 15 thousand point coordinates of enforcement missions in the Brazilian Amazon during 2009 and 2010, after major reductions of deforestation in the region. We study whether local deforestation patterns have been affected by field-based enforcement and to what extent these effects vary across administrative boundaries. Spatial matching and regression techniques are applied at different spatial resolutions. We find that field-based enforcement operations have not been universally effective in deterring deforestation during our observation period. Inspections have been most effective in reducing large-scale deforestation in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, where average conservation effects were 4.0 and 9.9 hectares per inspection, respectively. Despite regional and actor-specific heterogeneity in inspection effectiveness, field-based law enforcement is highly cost-effective on average and might be enhanced by closer collaboration between national and state-level authorities. PMID:25875656

Effective Use of Naloxone by Law Enforcement in Response to Multiple Opioid Overdoses.

PubMed

Kitch, Bryan B; Portela, Roberto C

2016-01-01

Growing rates of opioid abuse and overdose throughout the nation have lead some community organizations to develop naloxone administration programs. In Pitt County North Carolina, two of our law enforcement agencies were trained in the identification of opioid overdose and use of naloxone therapy. Attributed partially to introduction of fentanyl into the illicit drug market, our community experienced a 48-hour period in which officers successfully deployed five doses of antagonist medication to four individuals. This article presents case descriptions demonstrating the feasibility and safety of law enforcement naloxone programs.

Pakistan’s Law Enforcement Agencies -- Harnessing their Potential to Combat Terrorism

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

can be easily varied, and that has been a common phenomenon in the recent past . 55 maintaining law and order in the province.145 This force...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS Approved for pubic release; distribution is unlimited PAKISTAN’S LAW ...REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: Pakistan’s Law Enforcement Agencies - Harnessing their Potential to Combat

Nighttime enforcement of seat belt laws: an evaluation of three community programs : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-04-01

Enforcement of seat belt laws has been conducted largely : during daylight hours. Daytime enforcement programs : have worked well to improve observed belt use rates during : the day, but have been shown less often to affect nighttime : use. Fatality ...

Abusive head trauma in Maine infants: medical, child protective, and law enforcement analysis.

PubMed

Ricci, Lawrence; Giantris, Amy; Merriam, Phyllis; Hodge, Sandra; Doyle, Tim

2003-03-01

To collect and compare the results of medical, child protective, and law enforcement evaluation of a sample of Maine children who were victims of abusive head trauma (AHT) in order to describe the clinical and evaluative characteristics as they relate to victims, families and perpetrators of such trauma and to improve the professional response to AHT in Maine. Retrospective chart review of medical, child protective, and law enforcement records of all AHT victims admitted to two tertiary care hospitals in Maine or seen by the state medical examiner from 1991 to 1994. Nineteen children (age range 2 weeks to 17 months) were identified as victims of AHT (out of a total of 94 head trauma admissions) accounting for 20 hospitalizations during the study period. There was a history of prior injury in 30%, history of prior medical evaluations for possibly abuse related problems in 65%, while, on presentation, 75% had evidence or history of prior injury. The hospitals notified child protective services (CPS) in all 20 cases and correctly identified abuse in 18 (90%). Parental risk factors for abuse identified in CPS records included substance abuse (53%), domestic violence (42%), criminal history (32%), unrealistic expectations (42%), and attachment problems (32%). However, risk factors were inadequately assessed in 53% of homes. Law enforcement identified a likely perpetrator in 79% of cases and in the majority the identified suspect was the father. In the 15 cases where a perpetrator was identified by law enforcement, that person was alone with the child at symptom onset in 14 (93%). The medical response, at least at the inpatient level, was generally well done with regard to suspicion and reporting. Cases are possibly being missed at the outpatient level. Child protective risk assessment was limited overall yet in a third of the homes where AHT occurred, few if any risk factors were present to aid in identification and prevention. Law enforcement results suggest that a

Does law enforcement awareness affect motorcycle helmet use? evidence from urban cities in Thailand.

PubMed

Jiwattanakulpaisarn, Piyapong; Kanitpong, Kunnawee; Ponboon, Sattrawut; Boontob, Nuttapong; Aniwattakulchai, Pakorn; Samranjit, Supattra

2013-09-01

Although helmet use has been compulsory for motorcycle drivers and passengers in Thailand since the enactment of the Helmet Act in 1994, recent surveys show that the prevalence of helmet usage remains low, particularly among passengers. This paper has sought to explore motorcyclists' awareness of helmet law enforcement in Thailand and examine whether it affects their helmet use behaviour. A total of 2,429 drivers and 1,328 passengers in urban cities nationwide were interviewed in 2009, and the data were analysed using a multivariate ordered logit regression technique. About 60% of the drivers and only 28% of the passengers reported that they always wore a motorcycle helmet. Apart from basic demographics (i.e. age and gender) and riding frequency, our analysis reveals that the awareness of helmet law enforcement was among the contributing factors influencing the use of motorcycle helmets in Thailand. Regardless of riding position, the prevalence of helmet use tended to be greater among those frequently observing the police's checkpoints for helmet wearing and those perceiving the high risk of being caught for non-helmet use. However, the use of helmets appeared to be lower among drivers who perceived the checkpoints to take place at the same times and locations, which were likely predicted. For motorcycle passengers, it was found that the low prevalence of helmet use was potentially attributable to the absence of knowledge on the compulsory helmet law for passengers and the perception that the law was not enforced by the police. Thus, if motorcycle helmet use in Thailand is to be increased, considerable efforts need to be given to increasing the perceived risk of apprehension for non-helmet use (e.g. more police presence and random scheduling of enforcement activities), improving the awareness of the existing helmet law for passengers, and ensuring that helmet wearing by passengers is more strictly enforced.

Evaluation of New York state's mandatory occupant restraint law. Volume 4, Enforcement and adjudication of violations of the law

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-01-01

This is the final report on analyses of the available 1985 enforcement and adjudication data relating to New York State's Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law. In the first year of the law there were over 30,000 violations that resulted in conviction. Th...

Assessing the impact of harm reduction programs on law enforcement in Southeast Asia: a description of a regional research methodology.

PubMed

Thomson, Nick; Moore, Tim; Crofts, Nick

2012-07-09

For over 15 years the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) has been a leading donor for harm reduction projects in Southeast Asia. The recent AusAID-supported harm reduction projects of greatest significance have included the Asia Regional HIV/AIDS Project (AHRP), from 2002 until 2007,1 and the HIV/AIDS Asia Regional Program (HAARP), from 2007 until 2015.2 Both projects included in their design specific strategies for engaging with law enforcement agencies at country level. The main focus of these strategies has been to develop law enforcement harm reduction policy and curriculum, and the design and implementation of specific harm reduction training for law enforcement officers.In July 2008, the Australian Development Research Awards (ADRA) funded the Nossal Institute for Global Health at the University of Melbourne to establish a research project created to assess the influence of harm reduction programs on the policy and operational practices of law enforcement agencies in Southeast Asia, known as the LEHRN Project (Law Enforcement, Harm Reduction, Nossal Institute Project). The ADRA is a unique grant research mechanism that specifically funds development research to improve the understanding and informed decision making of the implementation of Australian aid effectiveness.While the need to engage law enforcement when establishing harm reduction programs was well documented, little was known about the impact or influence of harm reduction programs on policy and practices of law enforcement agencies. The LEHRN Project provided the opportunity to assess the impact of harm reduction programs on law enforcement in Southeast Asia, with a focus on Vietnam, Cambodia and Lao PDR.

Integrating smart container technology into existing shipping and law enforcement infrastructure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferriere, Dale; Pysareva, Khrystyna; Rucinski, Andrzej

2006-05-01

While there has been important research and development in the area of smart container technologies, no system design methodologies have yet emerged for integrating this technology into the existing shipping and law enforcement infrastructure. A successful deployment of smart containers requires a precise understanding of how to integrate this new technology into the existing shipping and law enforcement infrastructure, how to establish communication interoperability, and how to establish procedures and protocols related to the operation of smart containers. In addition, this integration needs to be seamless, unobtrusive to commerce, and cost-effective. In order to address these issues, we need to answer the following series of questions: 1) Who will own and operate the smart container technology; 2) Who will be responsible for monitoring the smart container data and notifying first responders; 3) What communication technologies currently used by first responders might be adopted for smart container data transmission; and 4) How will existing cargo manifest data be integrated into smart container data. In short, we need to identify the best practices for smart container ownership and operation. In order to help provide answers to these questions, we have surveyed a sample group of representatives from law enforcement, first responder, regulatory, and private sector organizations. This paper presents smart container infrastructure best practices recommendations obtained from the results of the survey.

Law enforcement duties and sudden cardiac death among police officers in United States: case distribution study

PubMed Central

Varvarigou, Vasileia; Farioli, Andrea; Korre, Maria; Sato, Sho; Dahabreh, Issa J

2014-01-01

Objective To assess the association between risk of sudden cardiac death and stressful law enforcement duties compared with routine/non-emergency duties. Design Case distribution study (case series with survey information on referent exposures). Setting United States law enforcement. Participants Summaries of deaths of over 4500 US police officers provided by the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund and the Officer Down Memorial Page from 1984 to 2010. Main outcome measures Observed and expected sudden cardiac death counts and relative risks for sudden cardiac death events during specific strenuous duties versus routine/non-emergency activities. Independent estimates of the proportion of time that police officers spend across various law enforcement duties obtained from surveys of police chiefs and front line officers. Impact of varying exposure assessments, covariates, and missing cases in sensitivity and stability analyses. Results 441 sudden cardiac deaths were observed during the study period. Sudden cardiac death was associated with restraints/altercations (25%, n=108), physical training (20%, n=88), pursuits of suspects (12%, n=53), medical/rescue operations (8%, n=34), routine duties (23%, n=101), and other activities (11%, n=57). Compared with routine/non-emergency activities, the risk of sudden cardiac death was 34-69 times higher during restraints/altercations, 32-51 times higher during pursuits, 20-23 times higher during physical training, and 6-9 times higher during medical/rescue operations. Results were robust to all sensitivity and stability analyses. Conclusions Stressful law enforcement duties are associated with a risk of sudden cardiac death that is markedly higher than the risk during routine/non-emergency duties. Restraints/altercations and pursuits are associated with the greatest risk. Our findings have public health implications and suggest that primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention efforts are needed among law

Law enforcement duties and sudden cardiac death among police officers in United States: case distribution study.

PubMed

Varvarigou, Vasileia; Farioli, Andrea; Korre, Maria; Sato, Sho; Dahabreh, Issa J; Kales, Stefanos N

2014-11-18

To assess the association between risk of sudden cardiac death and stressful law enforcement duties compared with routine/non-emergency duties. Case distribution study (case series with survey information on referent exposures). United States law enforcement. Summaries of deaths of over 4500 US police officers provided by the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund and the Officer Down Memorial Page from 1984 to 2010. Observed and expected sudden cardiac death counts and relative risks for sudden cardiac death events during specific strenuous duties versus routine/non-emergency activities. Independent estimates of the proportion of time that police officers spend across various law enforcement duties obtained from surveys of police chiefs and front line officers. Impact of varying exposure assessments, covariates, and missing cases in sensitivity and stability analyses. 441 sudden cardiac deaths were observed during the study period. Sudden cardiac death was associated with restraints/altercations (25%, n=108), physical training (20%, n=88), pursuits of suspects (12%, n=53), medical/rescue operations (8%, n=34), routine duties (23%, n=101), and other activities (11%, n=57). Compared with routine/non-emergency activities, the risk of sudden cardiac death was 34-69 times higher during restraints/altercations, 32-51 times higher during pursuits, 20-23 times higher during physical training, and 6-9 times higher during medical/rescue operations. Results were robust to all sensitivity and stability analyses. Stressful law enforcement duties are associated with a risk of sudden cardiac death that is markedly higher than the risk during routine/non-emergency duties. Restraints/altercations and pursuits are associated with the greatest risk. Our findings have public health implications and suggest that primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention efforts are needed among law enforcement officers. © Varvarigou et al 2014.

The Influence of Higher Education on Law Enforcement Entry Level Examination Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paprota, David A.

2012-01-01

Entry into a career in law enforcement is most often dependent upon the aspiring candidate's relative success on a competitive, written, multiple-choice examination. In the state of New Jersey, as in many states, civil service laws preclude consideration of formal educational attainment when establishing the ordinal, eligibles lists for law…

28 CFR 97.19 - Immediate notification of local law enforcement in the event of an escape.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Immediate notification of local law enforcement in the event of an escape. 97.19 Section 97.19 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR PRIVATE ENTITIES PROVIDING PRISONER OR DETAINEE SERVICES § 97.19 Immediate notification of local law enforcement in the...

A trend analysis of traffic law enforcement in the United States

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-06-01

This project assessed traffic law enforcement trends in eleven jurisdictions (State of California; San Diego, California; Douglas County, Colorado; State of Delaware; State of Florida; Orange County, Florida; Seminole County, Florida; Palos Heights, ...

A trend analysis of traffic law enforcement in the United States

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-04-01

This project assessed traffic law enforcement trends in eleven jurisdictions (State of California; San Diego, California; Douglas County, Colorado; State of Delaware; State of Florida; Orange County, Florida; Seminole County, Florida; Palos Heights, ...

25 CFR 12.14 - Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Policies and Standards § 12.14 Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country? BIA will ensure... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Where can I find specific policies and standards for law...

25 CFR 12.14 - Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Policies and Standards § 12.14 Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country? BIA will ensure... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Where can I find specific policies and standards for law...

25 CFR 12.14 - Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Policies and Standards § 12.14 Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country? BIA will ensure... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Where can I find specific policies and standards for law...

25 CFR 12.14 - Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Policies and Standards § 12.14 Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country? BIA will ensure... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Where can I find specific policies and standards for law...

The methodological quality of three foundational law enforcement Drug Influence Evaluation validation studies.

PubMed

Kane, Greg

2013-11-04

A Drug Influence Evaluation (DIE) is a formal assessment of an impaired driving suspect, performed by a trained law enforcement officer who uses circumstantial facts, questioning, searching, and a physical exam to form an unstandardized opinion as to whether a suspect's driving was impaired by drugs. This paper first identifies the scientific studies commonly cited in American criminal trials as evidence of DIE accuracy, and second, uses the QUADAS tool to investigate whether the methodologies used by these studies allow them to correctly quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the DIEs currently administered by US law enforcement. Three studies were selected for analysis. For each study, the QUADAS tool identified biases that distorted reported accuracies. The studies were subject to spectrum bias, selection bias, misclassification bias, verification bias, differential verification bias, incorporation bias, and review bias. The studies quantified DIE performance with prevalence-dependent accuracy statistics that are internally but not externally valid. The accuracies reported by these studies do not quantify the accuracy of the DIE process now used by US law enforcement. These studies do not validate current DIE practice.

Internet for law enforcement: a modern phenomena and a phenomenal tool

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilsker, Ira

1997-02-01

There is an existing, low cost, and widely used framework in place for both the public distribution of law enforcement information, and the secure and restricted distribution of sensitive data. That is, of course, the Internet. Already, hundreds of law enforcement agencies around the world, at all levels, are utilizing this most cost effective medium for a variety of tasks. In the public mode, now with 21 - 35 million individuals in the U.S. having access, agencies typically make available contact information, Community Oriented Policing (COPS), employment, crime prevention, DARE, police explorer, and other helpful information. Most often this information is available via WWW page, or a local BBS. Other public access is available to thousands of specialized sites, such as forensics, training, narcotics, firearms, terrorism and hate crimes, K9, police supply, traffic related, crime prevention, most wanted, missing persons, etc. Public newsgroups provide a forum for local, national, and international law enforcement issues. In the private mode, there is a wide variety of restricted mail lists providing for the exchange of information on narrowly defined topics including forensics, firearms, COPS, officer survival, and other related areas. Traditional EMail provides another cost effective method for the exchange of information, either to a specific point, or broadcast to an explicit wide audience. As a secure method of quickly exchanging information in a most cost effective way, encrypted data, typically text, files, or images, can be instantly transmitted between individuals or agencies. Commonly available encryption technology (the most commonly used is PGP, a public key encryption utility), is freely or inexpensively available. An additional Internet benefit available to the law enforcement community, is the availability of software. Currently available is a variety of accident investigation, crime scene, dispatch, maintenance, evidence tracking, and other useful

Alcohol Highway-Traffic Safety Workshop for Law Enforcement Officers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, William; And Others

The manual, designed for one- and-one-half-day workshops with 20 to 40 law enforcement professionals who handle driving while intoxicated (DWI) cases, is directed toward recognizing the special role of the police officer as decision-maker in cases involving drunk or impaired driving. It is one of five workshop manuals developed to assist State and…

Assessing the impact of harm reduction programs on law enforcement in Southeast Asia: a description of a regional research methodology

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

For over 15 years the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) has been a leading donor for harm reduction projects in Southeast Asia. The recent AusAID-supported harm reduction projects of greatest significance have included the Asia Regional HIV/AIDS Project (AHRP), from 2002 until 2007,1 and the HIV/AIDS Asia Regional Program (HAARP), from 2007 until 2015.2 Both projects included in their design specific strategies for engaging with law enforcement agencies at country level. The main focus of these strategies has been to develop law enforcement harm reduction policy and curriculum, and the design and implementation of specific harm reduction training for law enforcement officers. In July 2008, the Australian Development Research Awards (ADRA) funded the Nossal Institute for Global Health at the University of Melbourne to establish a research project created to assess the influence of harm reduction programs on the policy and operational practices of law enforcement agencies in Southeast Asia, known as the LEHRN Project (Law Enforcement, Harm Reduction, Nossal Institute Project). The ADRA is a unique grant research mechanism that specifically funds development research to improve the understanding and informed decision making of the implementation of Australian aid effectiveness. While the need to engage law enforcement when establishing harm reduction programs was well documented, little was known about the impact or influence of harm reduction programs on policy and practices of law enforcement agencies. The LEHRN Project provided the opportunity to assess the impact of harm reduction programs on law enforcement in Southeast Asia, with a focus on Vietnam, Cambodia and Lao PDR. PMID:22769050

75 FR 22162 - Draft NIJ Duty Holster Retention Standard for Law Enforcement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-27

...In an effort to obtain comments from interested parties, the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice will make available to the general public two draft documents: (1) A draft standard entitled, ``NIJ Duty Holster Retention Standard for Law Enforcement'' and (2) a draft companion document entitled, ``NIJ Duty Holster Retention Certification Program Requirements.'' The opportunity to provide comments on these two documents is open to industry technical representatives, law enforcement agencies and organizations, research, development and scientific communities, and all other stakeholders and interested parties. Those individuals wishing to obtain and provide comments on the draft documents under consideration are directed to the following Web site: http://www.justnet.org.

28 CFR 81.4 - Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CHILD ABUSE AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY REPORTING DESIGNATIONS AND PROCEDURES § 81.4 Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency. Where a report of child abuse received by a designated agency that is not a law enforcement agency involves allegations of sexual abuse...

Exploring the Role of the Internet in Juvenile Prostitution Cases Coming to the Attention of Law Enforcement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wells, Melissa; Mitchell, Kimberly J.; Ji, Kai

2012-01-01

This exploratory analysis examines the role of the Internet in juvenile prostitution cases coming to the attention of law enforcement. The National Juvenile Prostitution Study (N-JPS) collected information from a national sample of law enforcement agencies about the characteristics of juvenile prostitution cases. In comparison to non-Internet…

28 CFR 81.4 - Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CHILD ABUSE AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY REPORTING DESIGNATIONS AND PROCEDURES § 81.4 Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency. Where a report of child abuse received by a designated agency that is not a law enforcement agency involves allegations of sexual abuse...

28 CFR 81.4 - Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CHILD ABUSE AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY REPORTING DESIGNATIONS AND PROCEDURES § 81.4 Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency. Where a report of child abuse received by a designated agency that is not a law enforcement agency involves allegations of sexual abuse...

28 CFR 81.4 - Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CHILD ABUSE AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY REPORTING DESIGNATIONS AND PROCEDURES § 81.4 Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency. Where a report of child abuse received by a designated agency that is not a law enforcement agency involves allegations of sexual abuse...

28 CFR 81.4 - Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CHILD ABUSE AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY REPORTING DESIGNATIONS AND PROCEDURES § 81.4 Referral of reports where the designated agency is not a law enforcement agency. Where a report of child abuse received by a designated agency that is not a law enforcement agency involves allegations of sexual abuse...

Visual identification system for homeland security and law enforcement support

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samuel, Todd J.; Edwards, Don; Knopf, Michael

2005-05-01

This paper describes the basic configuration for a visual identification system (VIS) for Homeland Security and law enforcement support. Security and law enforcement systems with an integrated VIS will accurately and rapidly provide identification of vehicles or containers that have entered, exited or passed through a specific monitoring location. The VIS system stores all images and makes them available for recall for approximately one week. Images of alarming vehicles will be archived indefinitely as part of the alarming vehicle"s or cargo container"s record. Depending on user needs, the digital imaging information will be provided electronically to the individual inspectors, supervisors, and/or control center at the customer"s office. The key components of the VIS are the high-resolution cameras that capture images of vehicles, lights, presence sensors, image cataloging software, and image recognition software. In addition to the cameras, the physical integration and network communications of the VIS components with the balance of the security system and client must be ensured.

Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites: Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST.

PubMed

Stokes, Emma J

2010-12-01

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95% over the past century. Improving the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source sites. From 2008-2010, standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring (LEM) was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement interventions. Patrol-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance, although, until recently, it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation community. The present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST, a computerized management information system for ranger-based data collection. The framework addresses many of the technical, practical and institutional challenges involved in the design, implementation, sustainability and evaluation of LEM. Adoption of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts, to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to tigers. When combined with independent, systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey, LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments. © 2010 ISZS, Blackwell Publishing and IOZ/CAS.

The California Law Enforcement Community’s Intelligence-Led Policing Capacity

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

intelligence product used for sound decision making , strategic targeting, and more efficient resource allocation, whereas lack of clarity and the...providing law enforcement executives with actionable intelligence products for sound decision making , strategic targeting, and efficient resource

Arrests for child pornography production: data at two time points from a national sample of U.S. law enforcement agencies.

PubMed

Wolak, Janis; Finkelhor, David; Mitchell, Kimberly J; Jones, Lisa M

2011-08-01

This study collected information on arrests for child pornography (CP) production at two points (2000-2001 and 2006) from a national sample of more than 2,500 law enforcement agencies. In addition to providing descriptive data about an understudied crime, the authors examined whether trends in arrests suggested increasing CP production, shifts in victim populations, and challenges to law enforcement. Arrests for CP production more than doubled from an estimated 402 in 2000-2001 to an estimated 859 in 2006. Findings suggest the increase was related to increased law enforcement activity rather than to growth in the population of CP producers. Adolescent victims increased, but there was no increase in the proportion of arrest cases involving very young victims or violent images. Producers distributed images in 23% of arrest cases, a proportion that did not change over time. This suggests that much CP production may be primarily for private use. Proactive law enforcement operations increased, as did other features consistent with a robust law enforcement response.

Rules of Engagement as Survival Consciousness: Gay Male Law Enforcement Officers' Experiential Learning in a Masculinized Industry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Joshua C.; Rocco, Tonette S.

2015-01-01

Gay men face decisions associated with disclosure, the process of coming out as gay, when and if to disclose, and how much information. These decisions carry more weight in masculinized industries such as law enforcement. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to critically explore gay male law enforcement officers' experiences working in…

41 CFR 301-31.2 - What is “family” with respect to threatened law enforcement/investigative employees?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is âfamilyâ with respect to threatened law enforcement/investigative employees? 301-31.2 Section 301-31.2 Public Contracts... ALLOWABLE TRAVEL EXPENSES 31-THREATENED LAW ENFORCEMENT/INVESTIGATIVE EMPLOYEES § 301-31.2 What is “family...

Factors associated with law enforcement-related use-of-force injury.

PubMed

Castillo, Edward M; Prabhakar, Nitin; Luu, Bethi

2012-05-01

Use-of-force (UOF) techniques are used by law enforcement to gain control of noncompliant subjects. The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with subject and deputy injuries during law enforcement UOF. This is a retrospective study of nonlethal UOF events from January to June 2009 by a single law enforcement agency serving a population of 3 million. A standard data collection tool, which included basic demographic data, the type of force used, subject response, and if there were any injuries to the subject or deputies involved, was used by deputies for each UOF event. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the specific subject and incident details. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify factors potentially associated with subject and deputy injuries. There were 1174 UOF incidents recorded during the study period. A total of 282 incidents (24%) involved no physical force, 135 (11.5%) involved less lethal methods, 620 (52.8%) involved other physical restraint methods, and 137 (11.7%) involved both less lethal and other physical methods. Factors with the largest independent associations with subject injury were physical resistance by the subject (odds ratio [OR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-4.74) and force used to prevent a violent felony (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.24-3.71). When the subject had a weapon (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.53-11.23) and physical resistance by the subject (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.24-13.94) had the largest associations with deputy injury. This study identifies situational characteristics potentially associated with subject and deputy injuries during UOF events. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

25 CFR 12.2 - What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... The Director publishes these policies and standards in law enforcement manuals and handbooks. The... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Director... Bureau of Indian Affairs Director of Law Enforcement Services? The Director of the Office of Law...

Occupational homicide of law enforcement officers in the US, 1996-2010.

PubMed

Swedler, David I; Kercher, Cassandra; Simmons, Molly M; Pollack, Keshia M

2014-02-01

To understand the circumstances surrounding the occupational homicides of law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the USA. Narrative text analysis of Federal Bureau of Investigation Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted reports. A total of 796 officers were killed in the line of duty between 1996 and 2010. The occupational homicide rate during the time peaked in 2001 at 3.76/100 000 (excluding those killed during the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks), and was lowest in 2008 at 1.92/100 000. Most LEOs (67%) were killed by short-barrel firearms; 10% were killed with their own service weapon. The most frequent encounter with a suspect prior to a homicide was responding to a disturbance call. These results should inform officer training and the policies, as well as procedures used when interacting with suspects, especially when firearms are involved.

Cross-sectional study of road accidents and related law enforcement efficiency for 10 countries: A gap coherence analysis.

PubMed

Urie, Yohan; Velaga, Nagendra R; Maji, Avijit

2016-10-02

Road crashes are considered as the eighth leading causes of death. There is a wide disparity in crash severity and law enforcement efficiency among low-, medium-, and high-income countries. It would be helpful to review the crash severity trends in these countries, identify the vulnerable road users, and understand the law enforcement effectiveness in devising efficient road safety improvement strategies. The crash severity, fatality rate among various age groups, and law enforcement strategies of 10 countries representing low-income (i.e., India and Morocco), medium-income (i.e. Argentina, South Korea, and Greece), and high-income (i.e., Australia, Canada, France, the UK, and the United States) are studied and compared for a period of 5 years (i.e., 2008 to 2012). The critical parameters affecting road safety are identified and correlated with education, culture, and basic compliance with traffic safety laws. In the process, possible road safety improvement strategies are identified for low-income countries. The number of registered vehicles shows an increasing trend for low-income countries as do the crash rate and crash severity. Compliance related to seat belt and helmet laws is high in high-income countries. In addition, recent seat belt- and helmet-related safety programs in middle-income countries helped to curb fatalities. Noncompliance with safety laws in low-income countries is attributed to education, culture, and inefficient law enforcement. Efficient law enforcement and effective safety education taking into account cultural diversity are the key aspects to reduce traffic-related injuries and fatalities in low-income countries like India.

The methodological quality of three foundational law enforcement drug influence evaluation validation studies

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background A Drug Influence Evaluation (DIE) is a formal assessment of an impaired driving suspect, performed by a trained law enforcement officer who uses circumstantial facts, questioning, searching, and a physical exam to form an unstandardized opinion as to whether a suspect’s driving was impaired by drugs. This paper first identifies the scientific studies commonly cited in American criminal trials as evidence of DIE accuracy, and second, uses the QUADAS tool to investigate whether the methodologies used by these studies allow them to correctly quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the DIEs currently administered by US law enforcement. Results Three studies were selected for analysis. For each study, the QUADAS tool identified biases that distorted reported accuracies. The studies were subject to spectrum bias, selection bias, misclassification bias, verification bias, differential verification bias, incorporation bias, and review bias. The studies quantified DIE performance with prevalence-dependent accuracy statistics that are internally but not externally valid. Conclusion The accuracies reported by these studies do not quantify the accuracy of the DIE process now used by US law enforcement. These studies do not validate current DIE practice. PMID:24188398

34 CFR 99.8 - What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit? 99.8 Section 99.8 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education FAMILY EDUCATIONAL... enforcement unit means any individual, office, department, division, or other component of an educational...

34 CFR 99.8 - What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit? 99.8 Section 99.8 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education FAMILY EDUCATIONAL... enforcement unit means any individual, office, department, division, or other component of an educational...

34 CFR 99.8 - What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit? 99.8 Section 99.8 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education FAMILY EDUCATIONAL... enforcement unit means any individual, office, department, division, or other component of an educational...

34 CFR 99.8 - What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit? 99.8 Section 99.8 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education FAMILY EDUCATIONAL... enforcement unit means any individual, office, department, division, or other component of an educational...

36 CFR 1256.58 - Information related to law enforcement investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Information related to law enforcement investigations. 1256.58 Section 1256.58 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC AVAILABILITY AND USE ACCESS TO RECORDS AND DONATED HISTORICAL MATERIALS General Restrictions § 1256.58...

Arizona Law Enforcement Biometrics Identification and Information Sharing Technology Framework

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Los Angeles County’s Regional Identification System LAPD Los Angeles Police Department LASD Los Angeles County Sherriff’s...respective law enforcement 55 agencies. The Los Angeles County Police Chiefs Association recognized the need to tie together the LASD and LAPD efforts... Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and the Los Angeles

Don't Shoot the Messenger: Public Relations for Law Enforcement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baxter, David S.

2013-01-01

This communication project provides an overview of public relations as seen through the communication arts. It is specifically focused to give law enforcement officers a general review of the practice of public relations, communication basics, and an understanding of the media. This course also provides the facilitator with multiple tools for…

Hiring & Retaining More Women: The Advantages to Law Enforcement Agencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lonsway, Kimberly A.

Hiring and retaining more women provides numerous important advantages to law enforcement agencies. Research conducted in the United States and internationally has clearly documented that following facts: (1) female officers are as competent as their male counterparts and even excel in certain areas of police performance; (2) female officers are…

Magnetic Field Interactions of Military and Law Enforcement Bullets at 1.5 and 3 Tesla.

PubMed

Diallo, Idris; Auffret, Mathieu; Attar, Lakdar; Bouvard, Elise; Rousset, Jean; Ben Salem, Douraied

2016-07-01

There are significant numbers of military and law enforcement bullets containing ferromagnetic materials. This study aimed to assess the magnetic field interactions for a representative sample of military and law enforcement ballistic objects at 1.5 and 3 tesla (T) to create a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility database. Twenty-nine different bullets underwent MRI evaluation. The deflection angle method and a qualitative torque scale were used. The samples were representative of those commonly used in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military forces (e.g., 5.56 mm NATO), law enforcement agencies (e.g., 9 mm Parabellum), and encountered in war injuries and crime-related trauma (e.g., 7.62 mm Kalashnikov). At all static magnetic field strengths, all non-nickel- and nonsteel-containing bullets exhibited no movement (deflection angle = 0°; torque = 0), whereas eight bullets containing steel core, steel jacket, or nickel jacket exhibited substantial magnetic field interactions over and above what might be regarded as safe in vivo (deflection angle = 90°; torque = 4+). Military and law enforcement non-nickel- or nonsteel-containing bullets appear to be safe for patients in MRI system at 1.5 and 3 T. On the other hand, nickel- and steel-containing bullets exhibit movements that are considered potentially unsafe for patients in an MRI environment. Reprint & Copyright © 2016 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Improving coordinated responses for victims of intimate partner violence: law enforcement compliance with state-mandated intimate partner violence documentation.

PubMed

Cerulli, Catherine; Edwardsen, Elizabeth A; Hall, Dale; Chan, Ko Ling; Conner, Kenneth R

2015-07-01

New York State law mandates specific intimate partner violence (IPV) documentation under all circumstances meeting the enumerated relationship and crime criteria at the scene of a domestic dispute. Law enforcement compliance with this mandate is unknown. We reviewed law enforcement completion rates of Domestic Violence Incident Reports (DVIRs) and assessed correlations with individual or legal factors. Law enforcement officers filed DVIRs in 54% of the cases (n = 191), more often when injury occurred (p < .01) and the defendant had prior court contact (p < .05). The discussion explores policy implications and potential means to rectify the gap between mandated processes and implementation. © The Author(s) 2015.

Case Studies of Predictive Analysis Applications in Law Enforcement

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

analysis to crime problems to be considered effective. To test this hypothesis, case studies were conducted on municipal police departments in the...Forecasting in Law Enforcement Operations. 6 Vlahos, “The Department of Pre -Crime.” 4 studies were conducted on municipal police departments in the... case studies are described and recommendations for future research , as well as recommendations for police executives considering an investment in

25 CFR 12.62 - Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.62 Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it? Each local law... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Who decides what uniform an Indian country law...

25 CFR 12.62 - Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.62 Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it? Each local law... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Who decides what uniform an Indian country law...

25 CFR 12.62 - Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.62 Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it? Each local law... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Who decides what uniform an Indian country law...

Intimate partner violence within law enforcement families.

PubMed

Anderson, Anita S; Lo, Celia C

2011-04-01

Using data from the Baltimore Police Stress and Domestic Violence study, the authors examined how exposure to stressful events on the job affects law enforcement employees' physical aggression toward domestic partners, evaluating the role of negative emotions and authoritarian spillover in mediating the impact of such task-related stress. The authors consulted general strain theory and angry aggression theory to explain domestic violence in police families. Significant positive effects on physical aggression toward an intimate partner were found for variables measuring authoritarian spillover and negative emotions. However, these effects were different for different gender and racial groups.

Mental health consultant to law enforcement: Secret Service development of a Mental Health Liaison Program.

PubMed

Coggins, M H; Pynchon, M R

1998-01-01

The Mental Health Liaison Program developed and used by the Secret Service is presented as a model for comprehensive, multidimensional interactions between law enforcement and mental health systems, with particular focus on assessing and preventing violent behavior. The structure of the program pairs consultants--psychologists and psychiatrists--with Secret Service field offices to provide (a) consultation regarding risk assessment and case management of individuals who threaten or display inappropriate interest in the President or other protectees; (b) training for agents on risk assessment, mental illness, and mental health care issues; and (c) liaison activities between the Secret Service and the mental health community. Practical benefits to the Secret Service are discussed to encourage more systematic use of broad based psychological and psychiatric consultation to law enforcement, with a goal of enhanced intersystem communication and collaboration. The need for program evaluation and outcome research is discussed in the context of applying the model to improve other mental health and law enforcement systems interactions.

Thermal-work strain in law enforcement personnel during chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) training

PubMed Central

Yokota, M; Karis, A J; Tharion, W J

2014-01-01

Background: Thermal safety standards for the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) ensembles have been established for various US occupations, but not for law enforcement personnel. Objectives: We examined thermal strain levels of 30 male US law enforcement personnel who participated in CBRN field training in Arizona, Florida, and Massachusetts. Methods: Physiological responses were examined using unobtrusive heart rate (HR) monitors and a simple thermoregulatory model to predict core temperature (Tc) using HR and environment. Results: Thermal strain levels varied by environments, activity levels, and type of CBRN ensemble. Arizona and Florida volunteers working in hot-dry and hot-humid environment indicated high heat strain (predicted max Tc>38.5°C). The cool environment of Massachusetts reduced thermal strain although thermal strains were occasionally moderate. Conclusions: The non-invasive method of using physiological monitoring and thermoregulatory modeling could improve law enforcement mission to reduce the risk of heat illness or injury. PMID:24999847

Enforcement of Ohio's Smoke Free Workplace Law Through the Lens of Public Health Practice

PubMed Central

Allan, Terry; Stefanak, Matthew; Chandran Pillai, Aiswarya; Drabousky, Aylin S.; Borawski, Elaine A.; Frank, Scott

2013-01-01

Objectives Little is known about whether public health (PH) enforcement of Ohio's 2007 Smoke Free Workplace Law (SFWPL) is associated with department (agency) characteristics, practice, or state reimbursement to local PH agencies for enforcement. We used mixed methods to determine practice patterns, perceptions, and opinions among the PH workforce involved in enforcement to identify agency and workforce associations. Methods Focus groups and phone interviews (n=13) provided comments and identified issues in developing an online survey targeting PH workers through e-mail recruitment (433 addresses). Results A total of 171 PH workers responded to the survey. Of Ohio's 88 counties, 81 (43% rural and 57% urban) were represented. More urban than rural agencies agreed that SFWPL enforcement was worth the effort and cost (80% vs. 61%, p=0.021). The State Attorney General's collection of large outstanding fines was perceived as unreliable. An estimated 77% of agencies lose money on enforcement annually; 18% broke even, 56% attributed a financial loss to uncollected fines, and 63% occasionally or never fully recovered fines. About half of agency leaders (49%) felt that state reimbursements were inadequate to cover inspection costs. Rural agencies (59%) indicated they would be more likely than urban agencies (40%) to drop enforcement if reimbursements ended (p=0.0070). Prioritization of SFWPL vs. routine code enforcement differed between rural and urban agencies. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the importance of increasing state health department financial support of local enforcement activities and improving collection of fines for noncompliance. Otherwise, many PH agencies, especially rural ones, will opt out, thereby increasing the state's burden to enforce SFWPL and challenging widespread public support for the law. PMID:23277660

Enforcement of Ohio's Smoke Free Workplace Law through the lens of public health practice.

PubMed

Bruckman, David; Allan, Terry; Stefanak, Matthew; Chandran Pillai, Aiswarya; Drabousky, Aylin S; Borawski, Elaine A; Frank, Scott

2013-01-01

Little is known about whether public health (PH) enforcement of Ohio's 2007 Smoke Free Workplace Law (SFWPL) is associated with department (agency) characteristics, practice, or state reimbursement to local PH agencies for enforcement. We used mixed methods to determine practice patterns, perceptions, and opinions among the PH workforce involved in enforcement to identify agency and workforce associations. Focus groups and phone interviews (n=13) provided comments and identified issues in developing an online survey targeting PH workers through e-mail recruitment (433 addresses). A total of 171 PH workers responded to the survey. Of Ohio's 88 counties, 81 (43% rural and 57% urban) were represented. More urban than rural agencies agreed that SFWPL enforcement was worth the effort and cost (80% vs. 61%, p=0.021). The State Attorney General's collection of large outstanding fines was perceived as unreliable. An estimated 77% of agencies lose money on enforcement annually; 18% broke even, 56% attributed a financial loss to uncollected fines, and 63% occasionally or never fully recovered fines. About half of agency leaders (49%) felt that state reimbursements were inadequate to cover inspection costs. Rural agencies (59%) indicated they would be more likely than urban agencies (40%) to drop enforcement if reimbursements ended (p=0.0070). Prioritization of SFWPL vs. routine code enforcement differed between rural and urban agencies. These findings demonstrate the importance of increasing state health department financial support of local enforcement activities and improving collection of fines for noncompliance. Otherwise, many PH agencies, especially rural ones, will opt out, thereby increasing the state's burden to enforce SFWPL and challenging widespread public support for the law.

The role of law enforcement in schools: the Virginia experience--a practitioner report.

PubMed

Clark, Steven

2011-01-01

Although there has been little academic research on the impact of placing police officers in schools, this practice has grown substantially in response to school shootings and other violent crimes in schools. With a standardized training program since 1999, the state of Virginia has law enforcement officers working in approximately 88 percent of Virginia's 631 secondary schools. Based on this experience, the state training coordinator describes how police officers should be selected and prepared to work as school resource officers. The success of school-based law enforcement requires careful selection and specialized training of officers who can adapt to the school culture and work collaboratively with school authorities. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company.

Factors that influence attitude and enforcement of the smoke-free law in Turkey: a survey of hospitality venue owners and employees.

PubMed

Aherrera, Angela; Çarkoğlu, Asli; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergör, Gül; Eirüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Zheng, Laura; Cohen, Joanna E; Navas-Acien, Ana

2016-09-01

In 2009, Turkey extended the smoke-free legislation to hospitality venues. Compliance, however, remains low in some hospitality venues. We identified characteristics associated with knowledge of health effects that can be prevented by the smoke-free law, the attitude towards and enforcement of the law. In 2014, we conducted 400 interviews with hospitality venue owners and employees in 7 cities in Turkey. The venues were identified based on a random sampling strategy in a previous phase of the study. Over one-third (37.3%) of hospitality owners and employees had adequate knowledge of the health effects from secondhand smoke (SHS), 71.3% had a positive attitude towards the law and 19.5% had personally enforced the law. Participants who worked 70 hours or more per week were more likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Older individuals, women, participants working in bars/nightclubs, venue owners receiving fines for non-compliance and current smokers were less likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Participants working in traditional coffee houses, former smokers, and participants with a high school education or greater were more likely to enforce the law. Smokers who quit or reduced smoking because of the law were more likely to enforce the law compared with those who were not influenced by the law. Although the attitude towards the law was positive, interventions are needed to increase knowledge on the health effects of SHS and facilitate enforcement of the law, particularly among subgroups less likely to have a positive attitude and enforce the law. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

2013 Vehicle Theft Prevention Quick Reference Guide for the Law Enforcement Community

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

"This and future versions of the Vehicle TheftPrevention Quick Reference Guide for the Law Enforcement Community will provide comprehensive information for vehicle lines. The parts-marking requirements have been : extended to include: : all passe...

25 CFR 12.14 - Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Where can I find specific policies and standards for law enforcement functions in Indian country? 12.14 Section 12.14 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Policies and Standards § 12.14 Where can I find specific policies and standards fo...

National law enforcement telecommunications network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reilly, N. B.; Garrison, G. W.; Sohn, R. L.; Gallop, D. L.; Goldstein, B. L.

1975-01-01

Alternative approaches are analyzed to a National Law Enforcement Telecommunications Network (NALECOM) designed to service all state-to-state and state-to-national criminal justice communications traffic needs in the United States. Network topology options were analyzed, and equipment and personnel requirements for each option were defined in accordance with NALECOM functional specifications and design guidelines. Evaluation criteria were developed and applied to each of the options leading to specific conclusions. Detailed treatments of methods for determining traffic requirements, communication line costs, switcher configurations and costs, microwave costs, satellite system configurations and costs, facilities, operations and engineering costs, network delay analysis and network availability analysis are presented. It is concluded that a single regional switcher configuration is the optimum choice based on cost and technical factors. A two-region configuration is competitive. Multiple-region configurations are less competitive due to increasing costs without attending benefits.

34 CFR 300.535 - Referral to and action by law enforcement and judicial authorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STATES FOR THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Procedural Safeguards Due Process Procedures for Parents and Children Discipline Procedures § 300.535 Referral to and action by law enforcement and... crime committed by a child with a disability to appropriate authorities or prevents State law...

34 CFR 300.535 - Referral to and action by law enforcement and judicial authorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... STATES FOR THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Procedural Safeguards Due Process Procedures for Parents and Children Discipline Procedures § 300.535 Referral to and action by law enforcement and... crime committed by a child with a disability to appropriate authorities or prevents State law...

34 CFR 300.535 - Referral to and action by law enforcement and judicial authorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... STATES FOR THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Procedural Safeguards Due Process Procedures for Parents and Children Discipline Procedures § 300.535 Referral to and action by law enforcement and... crime committed by a child with a disability to appropriate authorities or prevents State law...

34 CFR 300.535 - Referral to and action by law enforcement and judicial authorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... STATES FOR THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Procedural Safeguards Due Process Procedures for Parents and Children Discipline Procedures § 300.535 Referral to and action by law enforcement and... crime committed by a child with a disability to appropriate authorities or prevents State law...

34 CFR 300.535 - Referral to and action by law enforcement and judicial authorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... STATES FOR THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Procedural Safeguards Due Process Procedures for Parents and Children Discipline Procedures § 300.535 Referral to and action by law enforcement and... crime committed by a child with a disability to appropriate authorities or prevents State law...

The Use of Satellite Imagery for Domestic Law Enforcement

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

AND SUBTITLE THE USE OF SATELLITE IMAGERY FOR DOMESTIC LAW ENFORCEMENT 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR( S ) Raymond M. Schillinger...Postgraduate School is a true honor. The opportunity to attend the Center for Homeland Security and Defense is one of those pinnacles that will be hard to...information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and

The Use of Classroom Discussion at a Law Enforcement Training Academy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Cynthia L.

2014-01-01

The ability to solve problems, think critically, and communicate effectively are necessary traits in law enforcement officers (LEOs). Individuals responsible for instructing LEOs must employ adult learning strategies to provide LEOs the opportunity to share ideas, experiences, beliefs, and knowledge. Discussion is one learning strategy that…

Credibility assessments: operational issues and technology impact for law enforcement applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryan, Andrew H., Jr.; Pavlidis, Ioannis; Rohrbaugh, J. W.; Marchak, Frank; Kozel, F. Andrew

2003-09-01

Law Enforcement personnel are faced with new challenges to rapidly assess the credibility of statements made by individuals in airports, border crossings, and a variety of environments not conducive to interviews. New technologies may offer assistance to law enforcement personnel in the interview and interrogation process. Additionally, homeland defense against terrorism challenges scientists to develop new methods of assessing truthfulness and credibility in humans. Current findings of four advanced research projects looking at emerging technologies in the credibility assessment are presented for discussion. This paper will discuss research efforts on four emerging technologies now underway at DoDPI and other institutions. These include: (1) Thermal Image Analysis (TIA); (2) Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV); (3) Eye Movement based Memory Assessment (EMMA); and (4) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). A description each technique, the current state of these research efforts, and an overview of the potential for each of these emerging technologies will be provided.

Effectiveness of increased law enforcement surveillance on work zone safety in Mississippi.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-07-01

Increased law enforcement surveillance program is one of the methods currently been implemented by departments of transportation in the United States in an effort to increase safety for both drivers and workers in highway construction zones. Unfortun...

Collaboration Between Public Health and Law Enforcement: New Paradigms and Partnerships for Bioterrorism Planning and Response

PubMed Central

Cohen, Mitchell L.; Friedman, Cindy R.; Scripp, Robert M.; Watz, Craig G.

2002-01-01

The biological attacks with powders containing Bacillus anthracis sent through the mail during September and October 2001 led to unprecedented public health and law enforcement investigations, which involved thousands of investigators from federal, state, and local agencies. Following recognition of the first cases of anthrax in Florida in early October 2001, investigators from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) were mobilized to assist investigators from state and local public health and law enforcement agencies. Although public health and criminal investigations have been conducted in concert in the past, the response to the anthrax attacks required close collaboration because of the immediate and ongoing threat to public safety. We describe the collaborations between CDC and FBI during the investigation of the 2001 anthrax attacks and highlight the challenges and successes of public health and law enforcement collaborations in general. PMID:12396931

36 CFR 902.57 - Investigatory files compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Investigatory files compiled... Records § 902.57 Investigatory files compiled for law enforcement purposes. (a) Files compiled by the...) Constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy; (4) Disclose the identity of a confidential source...

34 CFR 99.8 - What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What provisions apply to records of a law enforcement unit? 99.8 Section 99.8 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education FAMILY EDUCATIONAL... local, State, or Federal law. (2) Education records, and personally identifiable information contained...

Evaluation of Maryland, Oklahoma and the District of Columbia's seat belt law change to primary enforcement

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

Some states allow an officer to stop a motorist for an observed belt law violation alone (primary enforcement). Most require that the initial stop be made for some other violation before a belt citation can be issued (secondary enforcement). In 1997,...

Engaging Law Enforcement in Overdose Reversal Initiatives: Authorization and Liability for Naloxone Administration

PubMed Central

Carr, Derek; Southwell, Jessica K.; Beletsky, Leo

2015-01-01

Opioid overdose is reversible through the timely administration of naloxone, which has been used by emergency medical services for decades. Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are often the first emergency responders to arrive at an overdose, but they are not typically equipped with naloxone. This is rapidly changing; more than 220 law enforcement agencies in 24 states now carry naloxone. However, rollout in some departments has been hampered by concerns regarding officer and agency liability. We systematically examined the legal risk associated with LEO naloxone administration. LEOs can be authorized to administer naloxone through a variety of mechanisms, and liability risks related to naloxone administration are similar to or lower than those of other activities in which LEOs commonly engage. PMID:26066921

25 CFR 12.62 - Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcement officer can wear and who pays for it? 12.62 Section 12.62 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAW AND ORDER INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENT Support Functions § 12.62 Who decides what uniform an Indian country law enforcemen...

Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background and rationale The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has from its start been concentrated among injecting drug users. Vietnam instituted the 2006 HIV/AIDS Law which includes comprehensive harm reduction measures, but these are unevenly accepted and inadequately implemented. Ward police are a major determinant of risk for IDUs, required to participate in drug control practices (especially meeting quotas for detention centres) which impede support for harm reduction. We studied influences on ward level police regarding harm reduction in Hanoi to learn how to better target education and structural change. Methods After document review, we interviewed informants from government, NGOs, INGOs, multilateral agencies, and police, using semi-structured guides. Topics covered included perceptions of harm reduction and the police role in drug law enforcement, and harm reduction training and advocacy among police. Results Police perceive conflicting responsibilities, but overwhelmingly see their responsibility as enforcing drug laws, identifying and knowing drug users, and selecting those for compulsory detention. Harm reduction training was very patchy, ward police not being seen as important to it; and understanding of harm reduction was limited, tending to reflect drug control priorities. Justification for methadone was as much crime prevention as HIV prevention. Competing pressures on ward police create much anxiety, with performance measures based around drug control; recourse to detention resolves competing pressures more safely. There is much recognition of the importance of discretion, and much use of it to maintain good social order. Policy dissemination approaches within the law enforcement sector were inconsistent, with little communication about harm reduction programs or approaches, and an unfounded assumption that training at senior levels would naturally reach to the street. Discussion Ward police have not been systematically included in harm reduction advocacy

Coast Guard : update on Marine Information for Safety and Law Enforcement System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-10-01

The Coast Guard is developing a web-based information system to replace an aging computer system that it uses to track safety and law-enforcement actions involving commercial and recreational vessels. In 1995 the Coast Guard awarded a contract to dev...

Integration of Environmental Education and Environmental Law Enforcement for Police Officers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bovornkijprasert, Sravoot; Rawang, Wee

2016-01-01

The purpose of this research was to establish an integrated model of environmental education (EE) and environmental law enforcement (ELE) to improve the efficiency of functional competency for police officers in Bangkok Metropolitan Police Division 9 (MBP Div. 9). The research design was mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches…

Perceptions of a Learning Organization and Factors within the Work Environment That Influence Transfer of Training in Law Enforcement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter-Johnson, Yvonne

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine law enforcement officers' perception of factors within the workplace that influence transfer of training and their perception of the organization being a learning organization. The study actually had three parts. First, it intended to investigate the perception of law enforcement officers regarding…

Challenge of emerging technologies: balancing the needs of law enforcement against the duty to protect individual rights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lingerfelt, James A.

1997-01-01

This paper discusses three emerging technologies which will revolutionize the business operations of law enforcement: databases and search engines; biometric identification systems; and electronic surveillance and tracking devices. Unfortunately, these technologies may also lead to a serious ethical conflict for law enforcement. The tools will make it easier than ever to accomplish the core business of policing: crime prevention; investigation; and intelligence gathering. The same tools, used improperly, will also lead to routine intrusions on personal privacy. These technologies have been and are being developed for the private sector, the military and the intelligence community. The vendors are now aggressively marketing them to law enforcement and criminal justice agencies. The law enforcement community has embraced the technology, but without considering the long term impact. In the past, the police have abused wiretaps and other early surveillance technology. As a result, a sinister perception about police surveillance practices persists and a cumbersome bureaucracy has been imposed to control their use. Developing and establishing policies governing the use of emerging technologies can prevent these mistakes from being repeated. This paper recommends that criminal justice practitioners begin a discussion now, in advance of these technologies becoming commercially available, with a view to defining clear guidelines for their proper use.

A Descriptive Analysis of Tactical Casualty Care Interventions Performed by Law Enforcement Personnel in the State of Wisconsin, 2010-2015.

PubMed

Stiles, Chad M; Cook, Christopher; Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D

2017-06-01

Introduction Based upon military experience, law enforcement has developed guidelines for medical care during high-threat conditions. The purpose of the current study was to provide a descriptive analysis of reported outcomes of law enforcement medical interventions. This was a descriptive analysis of a convenience sample of cases submitted to the Wisconsin Tactical Medicine Initiative (Wisconsin USA), after the provision of successful patient care, between January 2010 and December 2015. The study was reviewed by the Mayo Foundation Institutional Review Board (Rochester, Minnesota USA) and deemed exempt. Nineteen agencies submitted information during the study period. Of the 56 episodes of care reported, four (7.1%) cases involved care provided to injured officers while 52 (92.9%) involved care to injured civilians, including suspects. In at least two cases, on-going threats existed during the provision of medical care to an injured civilian. Law enforcement rendered care prior to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival in all but two cases. The current case series demonstrates the life-saving potential for law enforcement personnel trained and equipped under current Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC)/ Committee on Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (C-TECC) tactical casualty care guidelines. Although originally developed to save the lives of wounded combat personnel, in the civilian sector, the training appears more likely to save victims rather than law enforcement personnel. Stiles CM , Cook C , Sztajnkrycer MD . A descriptive analysis of tactical casualty care interventions performed by law enforcement personnel in the State of Wisconsin, 2010-2015. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):284-288.

Out of Bounds: Innovation and Change in Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

Community capabilities for policy-level and operational consumers Out of Bounds: Innovation and Change in Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysis...31 4. What Works: Relationships and Sharing...will steer or fund these individuals into pursuing its goals.38 The growing need to understand the nature of low-level crime in relationship to terrorist

36 CFR 902.57 - Investigatory files compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Investigatory files compiled for law enforcement purposes. 902.57 Section 902.57 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT Exemptions From Public Access to Corporation Records § 902.57 Investigatory files compiled...

Military Curricula for Vocational & Technical Education. Law Enforcement Specialist, 17-11.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Air Force Training Command, Lackland AFB, Texas

These teaching guides and student programmed texts for a secondary-postsecondary-level course in law enforcement are one of a number of military-developed curriculum packages selected for adaptation to vocational instruction and curriculum development in a civilian setting. Purpose stated for the 162-hour course is to provide knowledge and skills…

The Ethics of the Posse Comitatus Act: How Law and Policy Affect U.S. Marine Corps Support to Law Enforcement

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-02

everything. iii I. Introduction Domestic operational law regarding the use of military resources and capabilities is increasingly complex. An analysis...and Julie E. Cohen, Fair Use Infrastructure for Rights Management Systems, 15 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 41 (2001). 5 The term " law ," or " legal " in this...include the Navy in the PCA does not imply that Congress has approved ofthe use ofNavy 24 personnel to enforce civilian laws . United States v. Walden

Law enforcement officers' perception of rape and rape victims: a multimethod study.

PubMed

Mennicke, Annelise; Anderson, Delaney; Oehme, Karen; Kennedy, Stephanie

2014-01-01

In a study to assess law enforcement officers' perceptions of rape and rape victims, researchers asked 149 law enforcement officers to respond to surveys which included a definition of rape measure, an unfounded rape claims measure, and the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale-Revised (RMA-R) measure. Although most officers scored low on the RMA-R--indicating that they did not adhere to myths about rape--most officers also responded with incomplete definitions of rape and inaccurate estimates of the number of false rape claims. Multivariate analyses indicated that officers' open-ended responses did not predict their scores on the RMA-R scale. It is argued that the RMA-R alone does not accurately measure officers' understanding of rape. Officers need ongoing training on the legal elements of the crime, the necessity of sensitivity with victims, and research-based statistics on the prevalence of rape.

National Institute of Justice (NIJ): improving the effectiveness of law enforcement via homeland security technology improvements (Keynote Address)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morgan, John S.

2005-05-01

Law enforcement agencies play a key role in protecting the nation from and responding to terrorist attacks. Preventing terrorism and promoting the nation"s security is the Department of Justice"s number one strategic priority. This is reflected in its technology development efforts, as well as its operational focus. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the national focal point for the research, development, test and evaluation of technology for law enforcement. In addition to its responsibilities in supporting day-to-day criminal justice needs in areas such as less lethal weapons and forensic science, NIJ also provides critical support for counter-terrorism capacity improvements in state and local law enforcement in several areas. The most important of these areas are bomb response, concealed weapons detection, communications and information technology, which together offer the greatest potential benefit with respect to improving the ability to law enforcement agencies to respond to all types of crime including terrorist acts. NIJ coordinates its activities with several other key federal partners, including the Department of Homeland Security"s Science and Technology Directorate, the Technical Support Working Group, and the Department of Defense.