Sample records for habrobracon
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Biological responses of Habrobracon to spaceflight.
von Borstel, R C; Smith, R H; Whiting, A R; Grosch, D S
1970-01-01
Since the interaction of the parasitic wasp Habrobracon with the space environment could not be prejudged, we decided to test approximately 30 different parameters of a genetic, mutational, biochemical, behavioral, and physiological character in the one spaceflight we had at our disposal. These parameters were examined at six different exposures of gamma-radiation (including 0 dose) in flight, resulting in about 180 different endpoints in all. The most profound effects of spaceflight in conjunction with radiation were decreased hatchability and enhanced fecundity of eggs exposed to spaceflight at different stages of oogenesis. The interpretation we favor is that these two endpoints are reflections of chromosomal non-disjunction in the former case and inhibition of cell division in the latter. Our most comprehensive study of mutagenesis was on sperm, where dominant lethality, recessive lethality, translocations, and visible mutations were assayed; the only effect found was a threefold enhancement of the recessive lethal mutation frequency in the non-irradiated sperm in the orbited Habrobracon males. Behavioral and biochemical differences were found. Mating activity of orbited males was severely disrupted and xanthine dehydrogenase activity was sharply decreased in the irradiated flight animals, an unexpected observation. Postflight experiments were like the ground-based control experiments in all aspects but one. Under conditions of vibration similar to those encountered during the launch and re-entry, the mutation frequency in the sperm increased by a factor of three over that of the non-vibrated control.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ofuoku, E.E.
1984-01-01
In Experiment I, adult female wasps were exposed to ozone for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, and 27 h. The results indicated that the 27 h of ozone exposure produced 100% lethality on the first day. Exposures below 27 h progressively decreased life span with increasing length of exposure. In Experiment II A, adult virgin Habrobracon females were exposed to ozone for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 24 h to determine the effects of ozone on fecundity (egg laying ability) and fertility (egg hatching ability). The results showed that ozone significantly decreasedmore » fecundity and fertility in all meiotic stages except metaphase I. In Experiment II B, adult virgin Habrobracon females were exposed to Co-60 ..gamma.. radiation. All treated wasps showed significant progressive decreases in fecundity and fertility with increases in radiation dose. In Experiment II C, adult virgin Habrobracon females were exposed to Co-60 ..gamma.. radiation, to ozone, or to combinations thereof to determine the effects of these insults on fecundity and fertility. Together or singly ozone and radiation reduced fecundity and fertility. In Experiment III, adult virgin Habrobracon females were exposed to the conditions of Experiment II C to correlate by cytological examination of the ovarioles the effects of ionizing radiation and/or ozone on the germ cells at specific meiotic stages. Results obtained from the cytological study explain the fecundity and fertility observations.« less
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Abedi, Zahra; Saber, Moosa; Gharekhani, Gholamhossein; Mehrvar, Ali; Kamita, Shizuo George
2014-04-01
Habrobracon hebetor Say is an ectoparasitoid of larval stage of various lepidopteran pests. Lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin and cypermethrin were evaluated on adult and preimaginal stages of H. hebetor under laboratory conditions. Contact exposure bioassays with adults indicated that the lethal concentration (LC50) of two commercial azadirachtin-containing formulations, NeemGuard and BioNeem, were 43.5 and 10.2 microg a.i./ml, respectively. The LC50 of cypermethrin was 5.4 microg a.i./ml. When larval stage of H. hebetor was exposed to these insecticides with a field recommended concentration of NeemGuard, BioNeem, or cypermethrin by a dip protocol, the emergence rate was reduced by 39.0, 36.6, and 97.6%, respectively. To assay the sublethal effects of these insecticides, adult wasps were exposed to an LC30 concentration of the insecticides, and then demographic parameters of the surviving wasps were determined. Fecundity, fertility, and parameters including the intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) were affected negatively. The r(m) values following exposure to NeemGuard, BioNeem, cypermethrin, or mock treatment were 0.143, 0.149, 0.160, and 0.179, respectively, female offspring per female per day, respectively. The current study showed that cypermethrin had more acute toxicity on larval and adult stages of H. hebetor compared with azadirachin. The commercial formulations of azadirachtin and cypermethrin negatively affected most of the life table parameters of the parasitoid. Semifield and field studies are needed for obtaining more applicable results on combining H. hebetor and the tested insecticides for an integrated pest management-based strategy for crop protection.
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Kryukov, Vadim Yu; Kryukova, Natalia A; Tyurin, Maksim V; Yaroslavtseva, Olga N; Glupov, Viktor V
2017-03-15
Females of the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor attack and envenomate numerous host individuals during oviposition. The vectoring of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana during the adhesion stage by ectoparasitoid females among the wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella was explored under laboratory conditions. Vectoring occurred both from infected parasitoids to wax moth larvae and from infected to healthy wax moth larvae by parasitoids. The efficacy of vectoring in both cases was dose dependent. Parasitoid females were unable to recognize infected larvae in a labyrinth test. In addition, the presence of H. hebetor females significantly (1.5-13 fold) increased the mycoses level in clusters of G. mellonella, with 40% of the larvae infected with fungal conidia. Envenomation by H. hebetor increased conidia germination on the cuticles of the wax moth larvae by 4.4 fold. An enhanced germination rate (2 fold) was registered in the n-hexane epicuticular extract of envenomated larvae compared to that of healthy larvae. Both envenomation and mycoses enhanced the phenoloxidase (PO) activity in the integument of G. mellonella and, in contrast, decreased the encapsulation rate in hemolymphs. We hypothesize that changes in the integument property and inhibition of cellular immunity provide the highest infection efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi with H. hebetor. © 2017 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Tri-trophic movement of carotenoid pigments from host plant to the parasitoid of a caterpillar
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Insect parasitoids normally produce white-colored eggs. Habrobracon gelechiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a gregarious ectoparasitoid of various caterpillars that lays yellow eggs when its larvae developed on leaf-fed Choristoneura rosaceana and Epiphyas postvittana (both Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ...
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Biology Division Habrobracon Experiment P-1079
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1968-01-01
Dosimetric analyses accumulated during the five-year period of the biosatellite program are summarized. These data are from a unique source placed in a unique optical bench, the biosatellite. Thus the multitudinous array of dosimeters was mandatory to give confidence in the experiment.
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The utilization of Habrobracon and artemia as experimental materials in bioastronautic studies
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Grosch, D. S.
1972-01-01
In the reproductive performance of female braconids striking contrasts were revealed between the results from the actual biosatellite flight and those from experiments when the recovered vehicle was subjected to the forces of simulated launching and recovery. Second week decreases in egg production due to the radiation damage of cells in mitosis were minimized for the females irradiated during space flight. It was demonstrated that females irradiated for two days during orbital flight laid as many eggs during the second week as the unirradiated ground-based controls. After the 10th day their oviposition records exceeded control values. The hatchability of eggs deposited by Biosatellite II females was excellent. Explanations were sought for the space flight's cancellation of the characteristic radiation-induced decrease in egg production, and for the exceptionally good hatchability of eggs derived from most of the cell types in the irradiated ovarioles. Eggs from only two classes of cells showed enhanced embryonic lethality: those poised in meiotic metaphase during their mother's orbital flight, and those from oocytes beginning vitellogenesis.
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Grieshop, Matthew J; Flinn, Paul W; Nechols, James R
2006-08-01
Biological control using hymenopteran parasitoids presents an attractive alternative to insecticides for reducing infestations and damage from the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in retail and warehouse environments. We examined the potential for using combinations of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma deion Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), and the larval parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for preventing infestations of P. interpunctella in coarse-ground cornmeal as well as the influence of packaging on parasitoid effectiveness. Treatments included one or both parasitoids and either cornmeal infested with P. interpunctella eggs or eggs deposited on the surface of plastic bags containing cornmeal. H. hebetor had a significant impact on the number of live P. interpunctella, suppressing populations by approximately 71% in both unbagged and bagged cornmeal. In contrast, T. deion did not suppress P. interpunctella in unbagged cornmeal. However, when released on bagged cornmeal, T. deion significantly increased the level of pest suppression (87%) over bagging alone (15%). When H. hebetor was added to bagged cornmeal, there was a significant reduction of live P. interpunctella compared with the control (70.6%), with a further reduction observed when T. deion was added (96.7%). These findings suggest that, in most situations, a combined release of both T. deion and H. hebetor would have the greatest impact; because even though packaging may protect most of the stored products, there are usually areas in the storage landscape where poor sanitation is present.
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Sláma, Karel; Lukáš, Jan
2011-02-01
Larvae of the greater waxmoth (Galleria mellonella) become paralysed by the venom of the braconid wasp (Habrobracon hebetor) a few minutes after intoxication. The profound neuromuscular paralysis, which may last for several weeks, includes all somatic muscles that are innervated through neuromuscular transmission. The peristaltic contractions of the heart and intestine, which are regulated by the depolarisation potentials of the myocardium or intestinal epithelial muscles, remain unaffected and fully functional. Heartbeat patterns and intestinal pulsations were monitored in the motionless, paralysed larvae by means of advanced electrocardiographic recording methods (contact thermography, pulse-light optocardiography). The records revealed more or less constant cardiac pulsations characterised by 20-25 systolic contractions per minute. The contractions were peristaltically propagated in the forward (anterograde) direction, with a more or less constant speed of 10mm per second (23-25°C). Additional electrocardiographic investigations on larvae immobilised by decapitation revealed the autonomic (brain independent) nature of heartbeat regulation. Sectioning performed in the middle of the heart (4th abdominal segment) seriously impaired the pacemaker rhythmicity and slowed down the rate of heartbeat in the anterior sections. By contrast, the functions of the posterior compartments of the disconnected heart remained unaffected. These results confirmed our previous conclusions about the existence of an autonomic, myogenic, pacemaker nodus in the terminal part of an insect heart. They show an analogy to the similar myogenic, sinoatrial or atrioventricular nodi regulating rhythmicity of the human heart. Peristaltic contractions of the intestine also represent a purely myogenic system, which is fully functional in larvae with complete neuromuscular paralysis. Unlike the constant anterograde direction of the heartbeat, intestinal peristaltic waves periodically reversed